The Missionary Review of the World — December 1936

1936

A Young Church in Old Egypt E. E. Elder What Results in Central Africa?

Virginia M. Clarke The Evangelistic Value of Medical Work Rolla E. Hoffman Wanted, A Demonstration of Unity John J. Banninga Sen Lai Tsang, Missionary to Korea Mrs. C. S. Deming Home Missions in Modern America E. D. Kohlstedt Roman Activity in Pagan Africa Kenneth G. Grubb 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember CHl1Rc:H Here Is t:he

M"N"GEMENT> Christ:mas Present: for Your December 9-11 – Biennial meetiDg, Federal Council of Churches, As- Past:or and Missionary bury Park, N. J. '::~::."~: ,. ~~: :.W GIVE him a year's suhscription to Church Janu.ary 4-6–Committee on Women's Management. A hright, dynamic profes- Work of the Foreign Missions Con- ference of North America, Asbury sional magazine for clergymen which keeps Park, New Jersey. them in touch with the newest developments January 6-8-Foreign Missions Con- ference of North America, Asbury in the home field. Park, New Jersey. A recently added "Minister's Wife Department" brings in material January 11-14, 1937 – Annual Meet- on programs and methods for the women's activities in the church. ings, Home Missions Council and The Council of Women for Home $2.50 per year; $1.25 for six months Missions. Asbury Park, N. J. (We will send an attractive gift card to your heneficiary if you so request) February 8-13-International Council of Religious Education, Executive CHURCH MANAGEMENT Committee and Associated Meetings. Chicago, Ill. Auditorium Building :: Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL PREACHING Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Mrs. A. L. Wiley, Presbyterian MISSION sions. For almost 60 years, Dr. Mc- missionary of Ratnagiri, India, on Afee has maintained some form of June 23, received the Kaiser-i-Hind Nov. 29-Dec. 2-Philadelphia. official connection with the foreign medal, third class, in recognition of Dec. 3-6–Boston. missionary enterprise of the Presby- her faithful work among the children Dec. 6-9-New York City. terian Church in the U. S. A.-first as in that area. Many tiny tots have Foreign Missions chairman of his grown to Christian manhood and FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSION- presbytery and then, in succession, ARY ASSEMBLIES synodical chairman, Board member, . womanhood under her care. October, and for the past six years, one of its January 16-19, 1937-Jacksonville. 1936, marked the end of 41 years of January 19-20–Lake City. • • • secretaries. service which she has given in India. January 20-22-Daytona Beach. Dr. John A. Rodgers, Secretary January 20-22-DeIand. for Annuities and Special Gifts on the … … January 23-27-Miami. Presbyterian Board of National Mis- January 26-27-Ft. Lauderdale. sions, retired on October 1. .T~e Rev. Charl~s Hodge Corbett, January 27-29-Palm Beaches. mInIster of educatlOn of Bay Ridge January 30-February 2-Orlando. ••• Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., February 2-4-Winter Haven. has been elected to succeed the late February 4-5-Ft. Myers. Dr. Edmund B. Chaffee as editor of February 4-5-Sarasota. The Presbyteri4n Tribune'. He was a February 6-11-St. Petersburg. missionary in China for seventeen February 7-1o-Clearwater. years, teaching in the North China February 10-12-Tampa. Union College. He returned to Amer- February 13-16–Tallahassee. ica in 1925.

Dr. Charles E. Maddry, a secretary of the Southern Baptist Foreign Mis- Personal Itellls sion Board, is home after a tour of Rt. Rev. Frederick Rogers Graves, the Board's missions in South Amer- ica. of the American Episcopal Church, • •• has been asked to continue hiB service in China where he has been for fiftyfive years. He had submitted his Mrs. A. K. Reischauer, of the Pres- Obituary Notes resignation because of advancing age byterian Mission in Japan, has been (now 78) but the House of Bishops awarded a special diploma for distin- The Rt. Rev. HoefnrMy eDxaicmo,eredlieAdveis~ asked him to hold on until the general guished service to the deaf. She was retired Bishop the pioneer in introducing oral educa- Houston, Texas, September 20, in his • • convention. • tion for the deaf in Japan, and 83d year. He had retired in 1928 founded the deaf-oral school, "Nippon Working quietly and steadily for 20 Geo. Evangeline Booth left Lon- Rowa Gakko," in Tokyo. years, during a period of one revoludon in November to undertake a world campaign, calling first at Port Said .::sFREE FOT tionary ~risis after another, Bishop to inspect one of the newest Salvation Min;"eT. Aves guIded the struggling missions Army centers. She expects to spend of the Episcopal Church in Mexico more than a month, including Christ- Why God Used D. L. Moody isnatmoestoilmidearmitiyniasntedrinsgtretnogtthh~' at the mas, in India, and conduct no fewer By R. A. Torrey British than sixty-five public gatherings at and American colonies in the critical various centers. The General will The Shorter Life of D. L. Moody years when open warfare was an al- Itllend six days in Ceylon, thence to By Paul R. Moody and A. P. Fitt most constant threat. Java, Singapore, Hongkong, Shanghai and Peiping. She will go on to Th_ two hooks will he given [0 the fint 1000 * … … Korea, reaching Japan on March 10, miniatere who will agree to conduct a "'Moody Day" and return to England across the lervice on Sunday, February 7, 1937, and win Dr. Bruce Kinney, recently retired preach an appropriate message in oheenance of the as on!! of the representatives of the United States. .> . . CeDtenary of D. L. Moody's birth. ~merIc~n ~aptist Home Mission So- CIety, dIed In Cleveland, Ohio, on Oc- Dr. Cleland Boyd McAfee reached W,.ite A. F. GaylorJ. Director tober 15. He was for 43 years a minhis 70th birthday on September 26, D. L. MooJy Centenary Celebration. ister .of Christ and 38 years ago was and on that date retired from the secretaryship for Japan, Siam, Chosen The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago w: appomted as a frontier missionary in and the Philippine Islands under the 153 INSTITUTE PLACE CHICAGO. ILL. the e~ whe!e he was superintendent of mISSIons In Utah and Wyoming (Concluded on 3d CO'IJer.) REVIEW OF THE WORLD High Speed DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor at Low Cost VOL.LIX DEC., 1936 No. 12 Speed is often so important when crossing to the Orient. That's-why Publication and Business Office– busy travellers go by Empress. You Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. go faster . . . in maximum comfort . . . and at surprisingly low cost. Editorial and Executive Office- 156 Firth Avenue, New York City. Only 10 days to Yokohama by Entered as second-class matter at Empress of Asia or Empress of Russia. Or via Honolulu in just 3 Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under days more by Empress of Japan Act of March 3, 1879. (largest, fastest liner on the Pa~ific) or Empress of Canada. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. low round-trip fares . . . First, Publlsbed monthly, except August. Tourist and Third Class. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, When your Call London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy. 10 shillings a year.

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by Willard

LISTENING TO THE GOSPEL ON THE BANKS OF THE NILE (REV. OSCAR BOYD PREACHING FROM THE IBIS) Photograph by Willard Price EAGER LIDARNERS IN THE BOYS' SCHOOL, ALEXANDRIA BUILDING MATERIAL FOR THE CHURCH IN EGYPT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 12 DECEMBER, 1936 Topics of the Times THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE OF PEACE sponsible for the war spirit. Russia, the commu- nistic Union of Soviet Republics, denies God's au- Thousands of sermons will be preached in thority and ideals and depends on armaments to Christian pulpits on Christmas Sunday, advocat- maintain peace with neighbors and within her own ing "Peace on earth, goodwill among men." But, borders.. Japan, the militaristic monarchy, seeks while God is the God of Peace, and the Gospel is to attain her ends by regimentation and force of the Gospel of Peace, Christ distinctly said, arms. Germany and Italy, the fascist totalitarian "Think not that I am come to send peace on earth; states, declare for an "armed peace," with their I 'came not to send peace, but a sword." This armaments able to defy all antagonists. Even startling statement has been proved true, for England and America are joining in the race. strife has characterized national life during the There may be an armed truce, and a restraint whole Christian era-though war is contrary to from active warfare, but it is due to fear of force Christ's mission of peace. and not to the spirit of friendly harmony which Look over the world. Never were nations so fe- underlies all true peace.

verishly arming themselves and preparing for war What then is the Christmas message of peace?

as they are today; never was so much spent on It is that Christ came to proclaim God's love and armaments and war materials; never have there His desire that men should cease from rebellion been so many wars and rumors of wars-political, against His will and should be at peace with Him.

economic, social and religious. This is in spite of This is the only effective basis of "peace among the influence and ideals of Christ and the peace men." The sword of strife will be sheathed, or propaganda and pacifist movements. There can turned into a plowshare of peace, when men join be no doubt that Christ desires peace, but if He in allegiance to Christ and yield their wills and came to establish general peace among men and their lives and their possessions to the Will of nations, there does not seem to have been much God. There is no other way ; all peace movements progress toward reaching His objective. Never- promoted on any otlier basis are futile. As long theless God is the God of Peace; Christ preached as men fight against God they will naturally fight peace and bequeathed His peace to His disciples, against one another, if they can and dare. "There and they "preached peace by Jesus Christ" (Acts is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked." God 10: 36). and the State cannot both rule supreme over men's What, then, is the answer to the present prob- wills; neither can both God and self be supreme.

lem ·of disunity and strife in the world? The an- The most effective emissaries and promoters of swer is that there is only one basis of human peace on earth today are not "pacifists" who decry peace and that is "peace with God." The reason all conflict, or social workers who merely seek to for the "sword" that divided households as the bring about better living conditions. but they are result of Christ's coming to earth over nineteen the peacemakers who are recognized as "children hundred years ago-and that still divides families of God"; they are the Christian missionaries and and nations-is the fact that men are out of har- others who are seeking to win men to Christ and mony with God., We have neglected the one neces- to a life in harmony with God's will. Christ came sary basis of unity. As long as we-as individuals primarily to save men from sin-the sin of disoor as nations-are each seeking selfish ends, so bedience to the Will of God. He proclaimed for- long will we fear one another and put our trust giveness and peace by His sacrifice on the Cross in armaments. No one form of government is re- and so opened the Way of Life in God.

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Christmas is a time to preach peace, but only ity, must be taught in the home, the school, the the peace of God based on loving obedience to His church and the place of business. Law must be revealed will and manifested by love to our fellow shown to be not an enemy to liberty but a protec- men. It is love that brings peace because love tion and an ally to progress.

works no ill to one's neighbor. The Star of Beth- (7) Belief in God as a loving Heavenly Father, lehem and the Cross of Calvary are both the Chris- . and the just Ruler of human affairs, must be tian symbols of peace. taught to children from their earliest years. The movie and the streets often make crime seem easy, STILLING THE CRIME WAVE pleasant and profitable. Self-control and rever- ence for God must be shown by precept and ex- The government, social reformers, parents and ample as the Way of Life that brings happiness Christians everywhere are greatly disturbed be- and success. cause of the extent of crime and its spread in all Public libraries must be purged from unwholeparts of the world. The cost of crime in the some books and newsstands must be cleared of United States is estimated at thirteen billion dol- papers that present low ideals and lawless heroes. lars a year, seven times as much as we spend for Good reading is more influential than most forms education. The number of condemned criminals of good advice. It is a matter of record that only in penal institutions runs into hundreds of thou- two per cent of criminals!, when brought to trial, sands and lawbreakers out of jail are even more have been active members of any church. numerous. The worst feature of the situation is that youthful criminals are increasing. In Great As the basic cause of crime and lawlessness is Britain, a recent report states that forty per cent sin, so the only cure for these evils is a. turning of the crimes were committed by persons under to God and an intelligent regard for His laws. twenty-one years of age; and the situation is even The New Testament gives us three definitions of sinworse in America. The chief causes of crime and lawlessness are (1) "Sin is transgression of the law"-a posi- tive disobedience to the revealed Will of God. idleness, ignorance, lack of high moral standards, broken homes, a desire to obtain money for power (2) "Whosoever knoweth to do good and doeth and: self-indulgence, and· an antipathy to all re- it not to him it is sin" ;-it is failure to follow the straints. But the basic causes of lawlessness are light we have. selfishness and a disregard for God as the Heavenly Father and Lawgiver. (3) "Whatsoever is not of faith is sin"-it is doing what we believe to be wrong, and failure What then is the cure for the present-day law- to live in harmony with faith in God as He is relessness and crime? Prof. Robert H. Miller of vealed in Jesus Christ. Manchester College, Indiana, gives a seven-point program: It has been the experience, both of individuals and of communities, that when the Gospel of Christ is accepted, and men take Him as their (1) Increased appropriations for education. Saviour and Lord, crime and lawlessness disap- Chicago has established a special school for "in- pear and men become good neighbors and good corrigible" boys-a school that instructs and citizens. This is evidenced in the word that has keeps them busy with wholesome technical train- recently come of the transformation of a very ing and recreation. . primitive, lawless people of Papua (in the South (2) Keep young folks busy. Do not let them Seas) . These people were sorcerers and took a be idle and out of work. Six million between the pride in murder. Their women all refused to acages of sixteen and twenty-one are now out of cept a man as a husband until he had murdered school and out of work. someone. They were superstitious and ignorant (3) Vocational training-teach every child to in mind and filthy of body. They were shiftless use his or her hands and mind in some useful em- and poor, and filled with fear and enmity. The ployment-something creative in which he or she Australian Government attempted to control. to can find satisfaction. discipline, to cajole or to punish offenders but (4) The Church must increase her ministry to without success. All the men served jail sentences youth-in the home, school, church and business. and then returned to their old life. Then came Environment must be improved and leisure hours messenger§ of the Gospel of Christ-people of occupied to profit. their own race who had experienced Christ's (5) Punishment for wrongdoing must be made transforming nower. These messengers did not more sure. swift and fitted to the crime. Senti- begin by teaching the savages to build better ment must not interefere with justice. Youth houses and to make better gardens, nor did they must learn that crime does not pay but that crimi- begin by teaching them the evils of crime and adnals do. vantages of law observance. They simply told (6) Respect for law, and for those in author. them of their own experience of Christ, the Son

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

of God, who so loved them that He came to give 800,000 people in Travancore moving Christward. His life for them; they revealed the effect of His The leaders express a desire to see their whole love and His power in their own lives by their un- community embrace Christianity and a large selfish, joyful service. The pagans were astound- body of Indian Christians have offered to give ed at this new way of peace and power and they their services as volunteer evangelists and teachresponded to the teaching. Before long they de- ers for this ingathering. The difficulty is to care stroyed their paraphernalia of sorcery, gave up for their transportation and training. "Hundreds their evil ways and began a new life. Crimes of of villages are crying out for teachers and tens violence and theft and sins of impurity have now of thousands are seeking Christ." The awakening been discarded. Of their own accord whole vil- is reported also in the Punjab, the United Provlages now rise early in the morning, go for their inces and elsewhere. The Bishop of Dornakal bath and have their "quiet time" to learn God's estimates that in his district alone one million will. They have discarded fighting and send their people are moving Christward. children to school; some have built new, clean villages, with communal gardens, and live as one The opportunity and challenge is likely to grow great family. during the coming months as the disillusioned Untouchables seek some escape from the oppres- Here is an example of the natural fruit of Chris- sive bonds of Hinduism-already they are turntian teaching, without any attempt to coerce or ing to Christ and asking for baptism at the rate persuade the people to accept any specified rules of 15,000 every month. This is influencing the or regulations. These former savages are al- caste Hindus also as they see the new birth and ready an example to civilized America and the re- new life of those whom they have despised. sults have astounded government officials. Where are teachers to be found to train these "Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is lib- open-minded seekers? The Indian churches are erty." He who stilled the stormy waves on the poor and the mission boards are still short of Sea of Galilee is the One who can still the crime needed funds. There is still money available for wave today, if men will but obey Him, as did the the things men want most. The boards at home winds and the sea. might unite in presenting the facts to Christian stewards at home and offer, if suitable teachers MEETING THE CHALLENGE OF INDIA are found who will volunteer to give their time, to finance one-half the expense for their board Because of its ancient culture, the number of and travel for a five year campaign if the Indian religions, the size of its population and the multi- churches will care for the other half. The mistude of its unevangelized villages, India presents sionary forces in these areas also need strengtha peculiar and powerful challenge to the Church ening- and new vernacular literature must be supof Christ. The first Christian testimony is re- plied for the growing churches. ported to have come to India nearly 1900 years ago and Christian missions have been carried on It would be unwise for American and British there for the last six hundred years. Protestant Christians to assume the whole financial responsiwork began in 1706 and the first British mission- bility and control but they can still act as true aries entered one hundred and forty years ago; partners of the Indian churches in the work of yet today not more than one in one hundred of winning and training these under-privileged the people are even nominal Christians and the classes for Christ. Prayer circles should also be number of non-Christians is at least double that started in churches at home and in India. The of 100 years ago. The encouraging fact is that National Christian Council and the National Misthe knowledge of Christ and His teachings has sionary Society of India might be the clearing permeated India and the general attitude of the house for a united campaign that will be cooperapeople has changed from one of bitter hostility tive and will avoid waste and overlapping effort. to one of respect and inquiry. "The task before the Church in India. is tremen- dous," says the Bishop of DornakaI. "It will tax Christian missions are largely responsible for all our available resources; but God is our partner the development of modern education in India, and will not fail. In the work of His Kingdom for the advance in modern medical service and nothing is impossible." for the elevation of women and children. The British Government has promoted peace, justice, DISAPPOINTED CANDIDATES education and economic betterment. Candidates for political office are not the only Great mass movements toward Christ have been ones who suffer disappointment when election reported in many places during the past fifty time passes. Missionary candidates are also too years, with whole villages of the Depressed often disappointed-sometimes even after their Classes ready to come under Christian instruc- election, but more often because of failure to be tion. Today the Rev. T. G. Stuart Smith reports selected and given a field of service.

Among the elect some are disappointed when mission field. One applied who had nursing qualithey reach their field, because they find that they fications, but not the spirit Of Christ. She was are not adapted to the work or field assigned. sent at large expense but within one year had In spite of carefully prepared candidate papers to be recalled after having done harm rather than and examinations, their physical, mental or spir- good. A lesson was learned. When a doctor apitual equipment may be inadequate. Others, who plied for the same field, a frank letter was sent have an ambition to devote their lives to preach- to him, setting forth plainly the difficulties of ing the Gospel to the unsaved, are sometimes pioneering without much modern equipment; he called upon to fill vacancies in schools or colleges was warned of the financial sacrifices necessary, to teach purely secular subjects-and little time the problems involved in living in a small intimate and strength is left for evangelism. One mission- circle, the need for vital prayer life and Bible ary in India bewailed the fact that an under- searching, and the fact that evangelism by word staffed teaching force in the mission college neces- and life is the primary work of the mission in sitated his being called to teach and to neglect which all were expected to take a part. That evangelistic work for which he had volunteered. doctor went prepared for what he was to face. Or the business or executive end of the mission may be so absorbing that there seems little or no Disappointments of candidates and in canditime for purely Gospel work. dates, and disappointments on the mission field and at home cannot always be avoided but they Disillusionment also sometimes comes because can be greatly lessened by greater care in the of false ideas of missionary life gained from ro- study of the fields, more frankness in dealing mantic authors and speakers who present the with candidates and more earnest prayer and cause at home. The needs, opportunities and sacrifice, with a determination to know and follow rewards, of field work are sometimes so attrac- the spirit and mind of Christ in the work to tively presented that young men and women vol- which He has called us. The missionary enterunteer who are not ready to endure the hardness prise is not a human undertaking but a divine of pioneering, who do not realize the difficulties calling to follow a divine Leader. No man or of the field to which they are going; they are woman, called of God to work for Jesus Christ in not prepared for the disappointments due to work- the salvation of men, need be idle or disappointed ing with and for uncongenial and unresponsive because of lack of support and opportunity. Even people, or to live without the comforts and cul- invalids may have a great part in the work tural opportunities of the homeland. through prayer and gifts and personal testimony wherever their lot is cast. "For if there be first Other disappointed candidates are those who a willing mind, it is accepted according to what never reach the field because no one will take the a man has, not according to what he has not." responsibility for sending and supporting them. But at times general appeals come from the field D. L. MOODY CENTENARY which arouse interest that cannot be harnessed to action. A recent article appeared in THE REVIEW The life of D. L. Moody, the famous Evangelist, which told of the religious destitution in many finds its lengthening influence in the Moody Bible districts, in Maine. Two missionary-minded Chris- Institute of Chicago, founded by him fifty years tian teachers wrote to the author of the article, ago. The year 1937 will witness a world-wide offering their services freely to conduct summer celebration of the centenary of the birth of the Daily Vacation Bible Schools. The reply failed great Christian evangelist and educator. His to mention any needy towns or any way of serv- ministries in Great Britain and America added ice. Disappointment and failure was the result. many thousands to the ranks of those accepting A similar experience is noted with regard to of- Christ as Saviour and awakened sleeping profers to help other churchless communities in the fessors of the Christian faith to vital action. United States. The Hartford Band has offered to go to any needy field but no one is ready to On February 2, 1936, nearly six hundred send them. churches in the United States and six other lands, celebrated "Moody Day" with heart-kindling serv- What is the remedy for these disappointments? ices that resulted in the winning of many to Christ Is it not first to be found in accurate information? and in aw!kening or deepening interest in the The fields must be studied in detail, as Robert study of the Word of God, and the winning of Arthington studied them, so that the facts will souls. Another "Moody Day," with a much wider be known; the candidates must be studied indi- observance, will be celebrated on the centenary vidually as to fitness and they must be fully in- of Mr. Moody's, birth, February 7, 1937. It is formed as to facts. There is no excuse for hoped that more than a thousand pastors and knowingly sending out unqualified candidates churches will join in prayer and action for the merely because a place needs to be filled. One spiritual good of all who participate. case in point-a nurse was sorely needed on a

A Young Church in Old Egypt*

By the REV. E. E. ELDER, Cairo Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church T HIS young Protestant Church in Egypt, the Christian church as the ultimate aim. The city cradle of one of the oldest civilizations, has of Assiut, 250 miles south of Cairo, and a strong passed its seventy-fifth birthday on April 13, Coptic center became his base of operation. A last year. The first American missionaries ar- number of vigorous churches sprang up in the rived in Cairo a little over eighty years. ago. In southland and by 1885, a year before his death, five years portions of Arabic Scripture and reli- there were in all Egypt nineteen organized con- gious books were dirstributed, a few mission gregations-six of them having pastors of their schools started and religious services organized. own. Most of these congregations were in the In September, 1859, the Lord's Supper was first immediate vicinity of Assiut, although there were administered by missionaries using the Arabic also mission workers in Alexandria and Cairo.

language and the first four converts were received The total membership was about 1,700.

into the evangelical fellowship. These included During the second quarter century many other a Coptic monk, an Armenian, a Syrian and an towns and villages further north in the neighbor- Egyptian. The first Evangelical congregation hood of Minya and al-Kom al-Akhdar, towns midwas organized in Cairo in 1863 and that- same way between Assiut and Cairo, were opened to year the Presbytery arranged for training classes evangelical preaching. The number of missionto prepare young men for Christian service. aries connected with the American Mission in- From these small beginnings, three-quarters of creased about threefold, some of them being loa century ago, there has de,veloped a church which cated in the great unevangelized centers of the numbers over 21,000 members, meeting in 143 Delta where more than half the population of organized congregations and 201 unorganized Egypt lives. Struggling churches, dependent circles. Of these congregations 114 have their largely on the encouragement and guidance of the own ministers; fifty-nine are self-supporting, and missionary, were organized in the provincial capcontribute to the general work of Synod. itals. A few months ago the editor of one of the prom- During this middle period the number of stuinent religious weeklies of America visited the dents in the Sunday Schools grew steadily until seminary for the training of pastors and was in- in 1910 there were almost 17,000 enrolled. At terested to learn that the building was erected al- the turn of the century the presbytery was dimost entirely from funds collected in Egypt by vided into four presbyteries and they in turn were the Egyptians. He was happily surprised to find organized into the Synod of the Nile. From the that the inscription over the building did not read, very early days of the American Mission's efforts, "The Seminary of United Presbyterian Church of Egyptian cooperation and leadershiJf had been the North America," but "The Theological Seminary longed for goal. By the close of these twenty-five of the Evangelical Church." years a plan had been formulated looking to finan- The seventy-five years of the Evangelical cial independence of the EgYl>tian Church. Church's history may be roughly divided into By 1910, seventy-two organized churches with three equal periods. During the first twenty-five many other centers could boast of more than years the dominant figure in the development of eleven thousand members. Twenty-two were self- Evangelical Christianity was Dr. John Hogg, a supporting.

Scotchman who believed that the method of win- The third quarter of the church's history conning the Moslem population to Christ was to evan- tinues the increase in organizations in the southgelize the Coptic Christians. Often a stumbling- land, but the remarkable growth again moved block to Moslems, they had long since lost under northward. At the opening of these last twentypersecution any incentive to preach the Gospel. To five years there was but one ordained Egyptian gain Egypt for his Lord, Dr. Hogg thought not pastor in Cairo. In March, 1912, just seventeen only of converting individual souls but of planting years after his ordination, another minister was an independent, self-sustaining, self-propagating called to become the pastor of a second congrega- • See Frontispiece. tion in the capital city. In March, 1929, the Prot- [567 ]

estant leaders of Cairo were gathered for the or- pose for His Kingdom knows no boundary of dination of another Evangelical pastor over a geography or race of social position or former church newly organized. One of the speakers re- religious loyalty. Facing the 13,000,000 Egyptian minded the audience that during the seventeen Moslems, we know that the work is far from be- years seven more congregations had been organ- ing completed. Just now the great problem of ized. If one is surprised at the remarkable our American economic life is the reemployment growth of these seventeen years, he may be of people without work. No one would consider amazed to learn that in the six years that have that the problem for 13,000,000 unemployed was since elapsed five other congregations have been solved by putting a meagre 50,000 to work. The formed, thus bringing the total of Evangelical present Evangelical Church in Egypt is only the congregations in Cairo and suburbs up to four- "seed corn" of an abundant harvest.

teen. All but four are financially independent. The young church, with all its strength and One of them, in addition to supporting the usual leadership, is still weak because of the conditions church work of a city congregation conducts a that surround it. Christians in America, although thriving day school for girls, and gave in 1934, largely outnumbering the Jews, have had little $850 to the mission work of the Nile Valley. success in persuading them to acknowledge and Many movements in the Church show that the follow as Lord One who was of their own race.

aim of the early missionaries for a self-govern- In Egypt the small Evangelical Church, drawn ing, self-propagating church was being realized. largely from the ancient Coptic race, is confronted A Laymen's and Elders' Society, organized in with an overwhelming Moslem majority whose 1918, contains the following paragraph in its first history is full of bigotry and persecution. How annual report: much more difficult is it to persuade members of The work in the cities and districts has steadily pro- a proud majority to accept teaching presented by gressed. There have been fruits of a spiritual awakening, a vigorous yet suspicioned minority of a despised the grace of giving, and"the spirit of brotherhood. May we not be able to prove to America that we are a worthy people. It is hard to find a strong enough analogy child able to carryon the plans of the church by the to picture the extreme difficulty of winning Mosstrength we have gained from her. Our Egyptian Church lem Egypt to Christ. Imagine what would be the now spends $75,000 annually on its work, why should it situation in America if the Negro population were still continue to beg $5,000 from the church in America commissioned to win the white people to a differfor the work of Synod when by fostering the Laymen'~ ent religion than that which they now profess. It and Elders' Movement we may be able to arrive at self- would be twenty times harder if only one in support and progress towards the greater work of reach- twenty of the Negroes had even a slight conceping the millions of unsaved in Egypt for the glory of the Lord. tion of the reality of their commission. Add to In 1926 the Synod assumed full responsibility that what would be the case if the convert must for the education of its ministry and the new not only change his religion but his social posi- Seminary building was occupied. One of the tion, his family relations and even his race. We missionaries has acted as chairman of the faculty might say, "We know the Negro has deeper reliand another serves on the Board. In Basil Mat- gious emotions than white men, but must we bethews' "Forerunners of a New Age," an inter- come Negroes in order to follow his religion?" pretative report of the 1934 Conference on Train- The thinking Moslem may admit the excellence of ing of the Ministry of the Younger Churches, he Christ's teaching, but very often he questions its expresses an fdeal that fits the situation in Egypt. application to him.

The real shaping of the life of a seminary-if it is to Missionary retrenchments and withdrawals of produce a life-giving ministry~must be in the hands of workers have led the young church in Egypt to the people of that lang. The control must be national. wonder how keenly America appreciates the crit- But to concentrate on control as such is not the Christian ical situation in Moslem lands. The attitude of way, for fellowship is the root of the ministry, and fellow- Americans seems often to be expressed: "In sevship transcends the chasms of East and West. enty-five years a church should reach maturity.

In spite of its seventy-five years the Evangelical 'It should now be left by itself to finish the work Church of Egypt is a young church. The task so well started." The ministers of the young of bringing the teeming population of the narrow church, almost to a man, believe that foreign mis- fertile valley of the Nile and its delta into fellow- sionary help is needed to complete the work so ship with Christ, the Saviour, has only begun. well begun. The Cairo Ministers' Association On the other hand a church with a community of gave to a missionary going home on furlough the 50,000 members and adherents, with an educated following message for the church at home: "Sup- ministry and its own church buildings, is well ad- port your work abroad; send out more mission- vanced towards the Christian ideal. Christ's pur- aries."

Results in Central Africa?

By VIRGINIA M. CLARKE, Bolenge, Africa Teacher in the Congo Christian Institute JOHN A. MACKAY has said that, "the evangel- brotherhood, a deepening of their characters and, istic task is, therefore, to make infinitely above all, a growing church which is rapidly be- meaningful and inescapable the heart of the coming more truly indigenous and has a real con- Gospel, God's revelation of Himself in Jesus viction of the need for a continued spread of the Christ in such a way that personality in its whole- Gospel by means of a more adequately trained ness shall respond to God." Innately religious, Christian leadership. the African has responded to the stimulus of God's love by becoming a Christian who is con- In the Mondombe field Bontamba Mark was scious that his whole life should be influenced by sent as an evangelist to a remote village. After Christ's principles. The Bible has become for only one year the things he had accomplished were him an inspired Book, guiding his thoughts and very evident. Seventeen new houses of better conactions through every hour of every day. This struction and with more adequate ventilation had consciousness of the impelling power of God's been built in the Christian village, sanitary con- Word has resulted in many changes in the Afri- ditions were improved and a clean water supply can's heart, character, attitudes and environment. was assured. A new church building had been erected, two schools were flourishing and fifty- The particular Africans whose progress we are three inquirers were ready for baptism. In the now considering belong principally to the Bank- Bolenge Christian village a number of wells have undo tribe dwelling in the Belgian Congo along been dug, many of them with good clear water. the equator where the Congo River crosses it for New little houses are being built of brick which the second time, in a territory which extends east each home builder has shaped and burned himfrom four to five hundred miles, and reaches self. An ingenious method of building is often north and south about two hundred miles. Living followed. While the family continues to live in grouped together in villages ranging from two the old mud house the brick walls are erected hundred to a thousand people, these Congolese are around the house. When the new roof is in place hearing the Gospel story from teacher evangelists the old home is torn down and the new house entrained in one of the six principal mission stations closes the family. Mark Njoji, the pastor of the which are seeking to serve this great field, Bo- Bolenge church, has just completed a fine brick lenge, Coquilhatville, Lotumbe, Monieka, Wema house, well pointed with cement on the outside and Mondombe. Although many of these evan- and the inside walls smoothly plastered with white gelists have received as yet only a quite limited clay. There he can shelter the many friends and education, their few months or years at the mis- relatives who seek his "house by the side of the sion station in close contact with the missionaries road." and other leaders have resulted in a zeal to win their people for Christ, a desire to improve their In Congo from time immemorial the birth of moral, physical and economic conditions, and a twins has necessitated a complicated ritual, but feeling of brotherhood with all rather than with one year twins were born to a. Christian couple just one closely affiliated group, such as the family attending the Congo Christian Institute at Boor clan. lenge. The parents were brave enough to disobey the heathen superstitions. The mother went to Because of the consecrated efforts of the mis- the mission hospital for the confinement. and sionaries and the native Christian workers rested quietly in bed for ten days instead of takthroughout more than thirty years of this mis- ing a twin on each hip and dancing the length of sion's existence some very definite results of the the village the day after their birth as custom dicimpact of the Gospel on the lives of these particu- tated. These twins were bathed and fed like reglar Congolese are now becoming evident. These ular babies and were not forced to fast at interresults encompass the whole life of the people, for vals. Each baby had a basket bed covered with a we are finding not only better homes, hygiene, piece of mosquito netting. The father actually sanitation, gardens, but also an increasing respect continued to go to school and to study as though for womanhood, a larger measure of charity for he were the father of only one. those outside the family, an expanding feeling of In addition to these exterior aspects of better [569 ]

hygiene and better homes there are more subtle "The women here are the rej oicing of this changes. There is a growing companionship be~ church!' That is very unusual praise for a tween husband and wife and a mutual respect for Congo man to give to women and so marks an each other's personality. One elder in the Lotumbe advance in the men's attitude. As a result of the church and his wife always begin and end the day continued spread of Christian ideals throughout by praying together. Numbers of young couples the Congo its womanhood is being gradually en- are learning through their association in the Sun~ nobled.

day school class, known as the Brave Hearts, to In a heathen society the Congolese feel no reeat together and to share their joys and problems sponsibility for those outside their own immediwith each other. No one who has not known ate families. But after they have heard the story Africa intimately can realize how radical is this of Jesus they learn to care for others. As a change in attitudes and customs. The establish- church or as a missionary society they share troument and development of the Christian home, as bles of their members and try to help them. The the parents learn to nurture their little ones in church at Lotumbe took up a collection for some the faith, is one very outstanding result of the of their members whose houses had burned down, Gospel in Central Africa. they paid for medical treatment and finally burial What About the Women? for a friendless old man who had wandered into town; they brought food and clothing for a sick Someone has said in substance, that no nation and crippled woman who was without a home, and can rise higher than its womanhood. In Congo they gave money each week to a former evangelthe woman's place has always been a degraded ist of the despised Batswa tribe who was ill with one. She is considered a piece of property, a tuberculosis. These are only a few of this housekeeper, a gardener, the bearer of children, church's charitable deeds, and they might be dubut never as a loved companion to be respected plicated in every church in Congo.

and cherished. A Congo proverb says, "To eat The Women's Missionary Society of the Bolenge with a woman is to eat with the devil himself." Church decided to give some gifts of food to one In spite of these traditional attitudes, Christ's of their members who had recently been left a love and principles are resulting in an increased widow with nine children. They brought live fish, respect for women, their personalities and abil- dried fish, manioc, onions, plantains, palm nuts, ities. Manners and little courtesies are often in- two kinds of cakes made of sweet manioc, corn dicative of an inner spirit or attitude, as in a and other food as well as a money gift of fifteen situation which occurred at Lotumbe two years francs (about fifty cents). On their regular meet- ago. A number of the young married couples had ing day the women gathered at the church with just finished a feast in the open air. The Sunday their gifts in large baskets and basins and went vesper service was soon to be held there. Before singing to her home. She had been warned in ad- the meeting the young men were sitting together vance so was wearing a clean dress for the first visiting while the women were putting things time since her husband's death. The house was away in a nearby house. When the women came freshly swept and the children were clean. One out of the house most of them took places some of the women made a little speech presenting the distance away, but the wives of the graduates of gifts and two others prayed. The widow was the Congo Christian Institute came over to where so moved by this expression of their Christian their husbands were sitting. There were not love that tears came to her eyes. The women had enough chairs so those husbands stood up cour- to explain to her that these were outright gifts teously and gave their chairs to their wives. Of and no one expected to receive anything from her, course that little incident doesn't sound a bit for in Congo a gift means that something must strange or unusual to the American woman who be given in return.

is accustomed to every courtesy, but for a heathen The Gospel has meant to the Congolese that in- Congo woman-well, it is simply unheard of. stead of being members of many unrelated tribes Some missionaries were going up the Ubangi with fierce jealousies, hatred and strife predom- River on the mission steamer, "The Oregon." They inating, they now belong to one fellowship with reached Bobolo, where there is an evangelist and love, loyalty and mutual helpfulness as their a good church. Captain John Inkima told them watchwords. This idea has been very aptly ex- about the church there and how the women had pressed by the students of the Congo Christian In- done most of the work of building it. He said stitute, a secondary school established seven years that at one time the men all went back to heathen- ago at Bolenge for the training of a higher type ism, but some of the women kept the church go- of Christian leadership. To that school come stu- ing. Later an evangelist was sent to them and dents of many tribes whose fathers and grand- the church reawakened. Then Captain John said, fathers were traditional enemies. In one gradu-

WHAT RESULTS IN CENTRAL AFRICA?

ating class of fourteen there were nine distinct ries on the affairs of the church with only occatribes represented. From the beginning of the sional counsel from the missionary. To attend the school they have marveled at the strong bond of Sunday morning service at this church is a real Christian love which bound them together and experience; for the pastor, the choir of ten male made them as one tribe. One student in writing voices and the audience join together to make a home to his parents said, "Here we do not belong truly inspiring and reverent period of worship, to different tribes, but to one tribe-the tribe of of which the celebration of the Lord's Supper is God." made the climax. Churches like this one are being duplicated by the score in many outstations This unity was put to the acid test when the throughout the Congo. very first Batswa students entered the school. The Batswa constitute the semi-pygmy slave tribe of Fortunately many government officials realize Congo which for generations has been despised the importance of the Christian evangelist and by the Bankundo and with whom no social inter- give him their support. One government official course was possible. But when these Batswa stu- after visiting with an outstanding evangelist of dents stepped off the boat they were greeted as the Lotumbe field aoout how best to stop some long lost brothers by those in the upper classes. objectionable heathen practices, said to him, Later when one of the Batswa wives was ill and "After all, one of you evangelists can accomplish could not go to the garden and prepare food for more than many soldiers because the people have her husband and four children one of the Bank- learned to respect and love you." Undoubtedly undo women volunteered to help her. She had a the lives and work of some of these earnest nabusy day, for there was water to carry from the tive evangelists, as well as the growth and despring, cassava to dig in the garden, bread to be velopment of the Christian Church in Congo, are made, and greens to be prepared. Having finished outstanding results of the Gospel in Central the household duties she sat down and visited Africa. with the sick mother, telling her all that had been done in school that day. What a revolutionary In the final analysis the very finest results of thing it was for her to have such close contact the Gospel are to be found in the changed lives with a woman of the Batswa tribe! The Gospel and characters of the people who have been message is being exemplified in these young folks' touched by its power. It is impossible to mention lives as they daily practice actual Christian all of the splendid Christians whose lives have brotherhood. been an inspiration to others, for their number is legion. Elima Salome is a deaconess in the Lo- A Phenomenal Growth tumbe Church. Her husband, Mbomba David, is an elder. For years they have kept their Chris- Thirty-one years ago an early missionary of the tian light shining before all people. Elima is a Disciples of Christ Mission, who was leaving leader among the women and was president for a Congo to go on furlough, left one mission station, long time of the Missionary Society, which sup- Bolenge, and about two hundred Christians. To- ported an evangelist in a distant village. She is day there are six stations and over forty-two thou- a Sunday school teacher as well, giving every Sunsand Christians. In the whole of the Congo the day of her radiant personality and Christian ex- Protestant Christians and adherents number more perience to the little ones of Lotumbe. Visiting than a million. All of these, of whatever mission, the sick, sharing with others her food and her belong to one church, L'Eglise du Christ au knowledge of Christ's love, Elima Salome exempli- Congo. This forward step has meant a great deal fies what a true Christian should become. to each individual Christian, for now each one feels more closely bound to his brothers in Christ Among the graduates of the boys' boarding throughout Congoland. This union has likewise school in Bolenge in the early days was Mpoku been a challenge to the Christians to continue Enoch. Early in 1908 he became a Christian and their efforts for a more truly indigenous Church has never once wavered in his faith since that in the Congo. day. A week after his baptism he went to a dis- tant village as a school-teacher. The next year At Coquilhatville, one of the provincial capitals he returned to the mission station and learned to of the Congo, there is a splendid Protestant set type and finally became foreman of the mission Church group which is an inspiration to all be- printing shop. Later Mpoku became enamored cause of the fine way these Congo Christians are of machinery and spent several years as an enconducting the work of their church. The board gineer on river steamers. When he returned to of elders, deacons and deaconesses called as their Bolenge in 1920 he was made a deacon of the pastor Bokomboji Pierre, a graduate of the Congo church. Then while acting as foreman of the Christian Institute, who is one of the five ordained sawmill he was chosen as assistant pastor of the ministers in the Bolenge field. This church is Bolenge Church and in 1927 was ordained to the now self-supporting, and the board of elders car- ministry. While continuing his pastoral duties

he attended the Congo Christian Institute and There are many more in this fine company of graduated in 1933. Since his graduation Mpoku's Congo Christians. There is Lokofe Moses and ministry has been continually blessed. He travels his wife, Weci Marie, who are both supervising for months at a time through the back country schools in Lotumbe; there is Imbanda Joseph villages, strenthening the churches, encouraging who, although holding a government position, is the evangelists, preaching the Gospel and building finding time to build a church in a village where churches. Everywhere Mpoku Enoch goes his there was none; there is Litele Samuel, who is winsome smile, his loving character and powerful the first traveling Sunday school secretary of this words bring many of his brothers to Christ. particular group of churches; there are innumer- able others, men and women, preachers, teachers, A young school-teacher, a graduate of the nurses, carpenters, brick masons, mechanics, Congo Christian Institute, went home and began hunters, fishers and clerks who are living changed his work. Perhaps he expected to find conditions and more abundant lives because of the redeeming very different, for he wrote the following to his power of Christ's Gospel. However, these Congo white teacher: "I am weary in spirit because I Christians and their missionary leaders have a wanted to begin teaching and preaching at once. certain worry deep down in their hearts as they see the present shortage of missionary funds with r find there is no house in which I may live, no its corresponding shortage of both missionary and native leaders to guide the ever increasing numchurch in which I may preach, and no school in ber of young Christians along Christ's difficult which I may teach. Now I must start right at the path. One of Congo's proverbs is, "Bambola very beginning. I have labored in the forest itswa, ioiya, wijima." (Light the lamp, put it bringing in poles for building, and I have cut out, darkness.) The Church of Christ has lighted boards for blackboards. I can't open my school the lamp of God's love in those hearts. Is the materials for there is no place to keep them, and Church in America going to let them drift into they would soon be spoiled. How much there is darkness again for the lack of sufficient guidance to do! We write the lessons on the sand of the and counsel? Or will the Church at home supply village path." What a strong spirit that young the lamps to enlighten Africa? teacher must have! Although he is disappointed in his situation, he is going to work to do and dare for Christ whom he serves.

Into the Forests of Central Africa* What a Pioneering Trip Means to a Missionary REV. A. G. MILL and his wife have lived in his wife have held this fort. Several times a year the Upper Congo for the last twenty-six he makes long trips into the dense forests back years as respresentatives of the English of the river. In a recent letter to his sister he de- Baptist Missionaty Society.. Fifty-five years ago scribes one of these journeys: ThOl:'):las J. Comber and George Grenfell started "As you know there is no summer and no winter in Africa in the generally accepted sense of these work'on the mighty Congo. In his little steamer terms. We made preparations for our tour in June when the intense heat is tempered by the the "Peace," Grenfell explored the Congo Basin heavy rains. We had no road maps to consult and wd~ the discoverer of the great Ubangi trib- since there were no roads. We lra-d no worries about taking dress-up clothes since we would have utary.N'o;wmission .stations, not only of the no social functions to attend-no grand churches in which to worship and no high-class hotels to English Baptist Society but the Disciples of patronize. All our baggage must be carried on the bare backs of the natives and our meals found Christ, the Atnerican Presbyterian Church South, as we went through the forests. We were going back from the great river highway-back into the the Methodist,(:Episcopal Church and the Congo hinterland tribes, some of whom had never seen a white man. Balolo Mission, are working harmoniously. "My wife and r went on bicycles and the na- Mr. Mill is Ideated at a small village situated at tives on foot. Back there tucked away in the the confluence of the Lomami and Congo Rivers. jungle are people with no civilization and with- About ten years ago he asked leave to push for- ward one hundred miles and plant an outstation at Yalikina, his preseJltstation, ,He realized that this was a sttategic lotation if the peoples on the banks of the great !Lomami were ever to be reached with th~ Gospel. Single ,handed he and . t! 1 '. '" .'.

• A letter seDLly, Aofrs. Cla,ra.' Anna Sinclair, of. Caldwell, Kansas.

INTO THE FORESTS OF CENTRAL AFRICA

out knowledge of the heavenly Father. Our faith- started out, the traveling adding to the pain of ful boys led the way, carrying packages. Soon the the injured wrist. road became narrower till only a path was left. Camping for the night under our mosquito net- "On our arrival at the appointed meeting place ting, we were up bright and early the next morn- we found the doctor had not come. We waited all ing. We traveled for several hours when the that afternoon and till the next morning. Our winding trail suddenly became a steep descent. supply of provisions was exhausted by this time Not only so but the ground under us turned into and we were obliged to eat the native roasted loose sand and before long my wife was going monkey and cassava. Suddenly the steamer headlong down the incline gaining momentum at rounded the curve of the river and our hearts every turn. She was thrown forcibly from the leaped for joy. The doctor advised that my wife machine at the foot of the hill, saving herself go back with him. At my wife's request I resomewhat by throwing out her arms as she was frained from going with her, but put her on board pitehed over the handlebars. As I picked her up in the care of our best boys, and with a prayer I could see that her wrist was limp and knew my left her to be taken down river to the mission fear of a fracture to be confirmed. The pain was hospital at Yakusu, 150 miles south, while I reconsiderable. I tried my best to knit the bones traced my steps. With a lonely feeling I ate supbut was not successful. Where should I turn for per and retired, giving instructions for the mornhelp? Behind us there was no doctor for the gov- ing's march. We were plunging into dark forest ernment doctor had left for the upper river some land and soon came to the first of the isolated vildays befoJj'e. Before us there was less hope. The lages. The sight of a white man terrified the only· thing I could think of to do was to send out natives and,· my wife not being with me, made it S.O. S. messages to the government doctor by a harder to reach them. Like frightened children few trusty native carriers. they had to be coaxed out of their grass huts. God's palaver was explained to them and the chief "Off they went while our caravan waited; my passed on the message as he alone knew the trade wife in great discomfort. After five long days language. the messengers returned with the news that the doctor would meet us at a certain point on the After three months Mr. Mill returned to his river in two days. Taking two boys with us we station to find his wife recovered but with a more or less crippled hand.

AN ADVANTAGE OF THE NATIVE PREACHER The color of the preacher weighs far more with the native than we realize. Even in the .. mind of the best natives, even in the hearts of those most warmly attached to us, there is a definite though perhaps often subconscious prejudice against our color; I know of many in- stances where a message full of urgency and power has produced very little effect from the lips of a missionary while that of a native has produced immediate results. A native listen- ing to a moving and powerful address from a white man can quiet his conscience and harden his heart simply by saying, "That's all very well, that's a white man's point of view. It may .0 impress you like that but it is not what we blacks need." But when he hears a black preach with conviction, he is driven from this refuge and has to face the message on its own merits.

Again and again I have come across instances where the final link in bringing a native to Christ has been supplied by a native. He has listened to the white man for years and seemed little affected but one simple remark from a fellow native has gone home like an arrow. I would not belittle the white man's influence but it is unquestional;>le that the native evangelists have advantages over us.

Native preachers are often greatly improved and their value added to by thorough train- ing. In my experience this has been under the three headings: Bible knowledge, general knowledge, the missionary's example.-Rev. W. Singleton Fisher, in Congo Mission News.

Evangelistic Value of Medical

By ROLLA E. HOFFMAN, M.D., Meshed, Persia, On the Staff of the American Christian Hospital DURING my first years on the mission field I they have been reached? "Medical missionary was expected to draw large crowds of pa- work," said Dr. Dugald Christie, of Mukden, "is tients and friends of patients to whom our no mere adjunct to the work of preaching, but is senior clergyman could sell Scriptures and preach an essential and integral part of the work of the the Gospel. This was in the most fanatical Mos- Church." Our Presbyterian Board Manual says, lem city of Persia. The best strategy seemed to "Medical work is not merely a key to open the door be to push forward the medical work and to ac- into non-Christian communities, but is an integral company it with as aggressive preaching as the part of the missionary enterprise." people would tolerate. I was expected to draw the crowds, and the evangelistic missionary was to We have been thinking of the medical work too preach to them. He was treasurer of our little much in its relation to outsiders. We must realize hospital and I occasionally preached and led daily that its usefulness to professing Christians should prayers so that our pioneering went on happily. be no less, especially in the midst of a non-Chris- tian society. Even after fanaticism is dead, and Later the clergyman died, the medical work in- the church has become popular and men flock into creased and a second doctor was sent out. One of it and want to be known as Christians, medical our clergymen expressed the hope that instead of work will still be needed as an integral part of the taking on more patients, the medical staff would work of the church, as a continuous expression of now do more evangelistic work. Instead of that the healing love of our Lord. The new church will we find that the medical work has more than be far stronger, more practical, truer to Christ, doubled, so that now a third doctor has come. The more useful to the nation, if it grows up in close clergymen have most faithfully carried on evan- cooperation with a genuine Christian medical gelistic work in the hospital; the church has been work, which becomes more and more a part of the born and other openings for evangelistic work work of the Church. Perhaps a medical man's have thrust themselves forward. Finally we are antipathy toward doing more "evangelistic work"

advised that "the entire work of healing, both arises from holding to the old idea that it is to conphysical and spiritual, should be carried on by the sist in spending an hour or more a day reading the doctors and their assistants." Scriptures to and haranguing men, pleading with them to "flee from the wrath to come," and, since While this view may not quite represent the our time is limited, neglecting medical treatment attitude of most of our clerical missionaries, it has rather depressed me to realize that our hos- to do it! pitals are looked upon as not such alluring places We might analyze the function of medical misto work. As one of the missionaries puts it, "Given one hundred well men as against one hun- sion work, as composed of its influence upon undred sick men to preach to, I would choose the evangelized outsiders, and its influence upon the well men every time." The preaching mission- members of the church; but after all these ex- press to man the love and spirit and healing of aries' task is to build up the church and more and our Lord, and so bring them to the knowledge of more of their attention is demanded by the prob- Christ. The medical work reaches people who are lems of the growing church and the instruction of not touched by our schools or "direct" evangelistic inquiries. For the rest, the Gospel can be preached workers. They come from conservative Moslem openly through the land; the day of pioneering families, driven by pain and despair; also from has past. Yet at the meeting of medical workers the ultramodern class, who have lost faith in all some years ago in Teheran, protest was made religion. – Men who would never darken the door against the failure of our clerical brethren to ap- of a Christian school, or of a clergyman's house, propriate the .fine opportunity for evangelistic lay aside their pride and come pleading and be- work in our hospitals. seeching for that which they believe Christian doc- What is the exact purpose of our medical work? tors are able to give. It is true that they are in Is it merely a means of attracting people within spiritual need also, and no doubt doctors often range of the Gospel message, or is it useful after miss the underlying spiritual disease, and give [574 ] cascara when what the patient really needs is a with a course in chemistry; an essential part of "mental cathartic." No doubt we often fail to the course, a place where the things explained in add to our medicines the skilful spiritual touch lectures are actually carried out in life. that would remove the real cause and bring a per~ manent cure. We are apt to think too closely merely of the evangelistic effect of our medical work upon pa- For some have more sin than fever, tients; it should be looked for rather in the com- And some have more grief than pain. munity. The great spiritual value of our Lord's healing did not come to those actually healed, but God help me make whole both body and soul to the healthy who beheld the Power and Spirit of Before they go out again. what was done. Men who come to us for physical healing are not often seeking spiritual healing. We must remember that a host of Christian For this reason the work seldom yields spiritual t~rms carry to the Moslem mind a far different results in proportion to the effort expended. The meaning from what we intend. If, as we are fact that our hospitals render a valuable physical sometimes urged, we "joyfully give to them the service in the spirit of love, which requires no mamessage of eternal Life in Christ, through whom terial reward, not even gratitude, shows the peoalone they can attain to perfect harmony and ple that this is Christianity in life, and that Christ health," we shall be merely casting our pearls be~ is not a dead prophet but a living force in the fore swine, with the usual result. How will they world today. This is a very important factor in understand our earnest evangelistic appeal? The the Christianization of the land. It furnishes a man whose disease has not been entirely cured good background for the preaching of the Gospel will put us down as charlatans, trying to cover up in reading room, chapel, school and private conour inability to cure him by introducing another ferences. It softens hearts, not so much the hearts subject! Many a one who has been healed will of the physically ill as the hearts of the commusay to his friends: "Bah! Sons of dogs! These nity's healthy, thinking men. They thus come to Christians treat the sick, but why? They first see the religion of Christ as something living, cure your disease to put you under obligation to vital, essential to their own welfare. Let us emthem, then they insult you by insisting that you phasize anew our real evangelistic task. ought to turn your back on Islam and the greatest of the Prophets and join them with their corrupted Indispensable Elements and altered gospel, with its talk of three Gods, the Son of God (Who begets not, neither is begotten, There are three definite and indispensable elepraise His Name!) and other notions as ignorant ments in a hospital as "an integral part of the and ridiculous. They want to foist on us their missionary enterprise" – efficient medical treatpig~eating and wine-drinking, their immorality of ment, including good nursing; the spirit of Christ women who go about half dressed and with shame- throughout; the simple verbal explanation that less open faces, their money-worship, and denial this is Christian, that He is our strength, and that of the oneness of God !" He is to be praised and thanked rather than the doctors. Is this out of date? Not at all. This is true of many who find their first Christian contact in our With the rapid advance of Persian standards of hospitals. Any attempt to force spiritual results medical work and the passing of the pioneer stage, here results often in the enmity of the patient and we need improved equipment, better laboratories, his friends. Seed sown upon hard, impermeable better assistants; and must limit ourselves to ground will not grow. One task of our hospitals fewer patients. The standard for the hospitals of is that of ploughing, breaking up hard clods, win- Syria has recently been suggested as thirty outning confidence by deserving it. Persistently urg- patients and twenty in-patients per doctor! ing men to become Christians carries to their minds the suggestion that we are getting paid so Our hospitals must be different from the govmuch per head by our government or supporting ernment hospitals, in the Christian love manisociety. Our definite contribution is to bring men fested among ourselves and our helpers. We to the knowledge of Christ; not to persuade them must be the fathers and mothers of our helpers, to become professing Christians. and must teach them Christian principles of life and work. They must learn to serve the poor as In our treatment of professing Christians, it is well as the rich, to be careful, thorough, truthful, our task to lead them to a better knowledge of the sympathetic, clean, patient, cheerful. We need to riches of love in Christ Jesus. We must do a lot develop helpers who are not only efficient in medof teaching and explaining; but we must avoid ical technique – a formidable task in itself – but mere "proselytizing." We need more faith: hav- who will enter into the Christian spirit of the ing ploughed, and sown a little seed, we must work. From the time when a patient enters our await the harvest, not trying to force it. The hospital until he is dismissed, we must make all medical work is like the laboratory in connection contacts with him courteous, patient, Christian.

To this end some form of daily "family" prayers individuals, and the nurses would do more and is essential, when all the hospital force come to- better religious talking with the patients. gether, preferably in the morning, for a few minutes of quiet thinking and worship. Most of our Copies of the Gospels should be available for the Presbyterian hospitals in Persia do not have daily patients to read in the language they know. Often prayers of the whole staff. one man will read to a room full which may be better than for an outsider to do much reading. This is not enough. While showing men the We have found a small cupboard useful as a de- Spirit of Christ, they must be told that this is pository for the books along with various other Christianity. Otherwise this fact, so obvious to books in charge of the senior ward nurses. If the us, will not occur to them at all! Obviously, their Christians are nurses and reasonably intelligent, preconceived ideas of Christianity are not very they will explain passages as patients ask quesfavorable, else many of them would already have tions. The doctor also may occasionally explain a been Christians. Here careful definition is neces- passage. sary. Our task is not to persuade them to become professing Christians, in order to "flee from the A certain amount of social service work is wrath to come," by the magical Name of Jesus, greatly needed, and it sometimes seems that spebut they must learn that it is He who has equipped cial workers ought to be available for it. Without and empowered us for this task. In all fairness this, the medical work often fails to do quite we must give Him the praise and glory for what enough. For example, a young, illiterate daywe are able to do, as much for the sake of our own laborer suffered from a broken leg when a wall integrity as Christians as that they may thank fell on it. He was in the hospital seven weeks, Him for their cure. making a satisfactory recovery. He was well fed and nursed and heard the Gospel explained daily; As to the technique of this, opinions will differ. but he seemed depressed and apathetic. Some- We must appear frankly and openly before our thing else was needed that the hospital was unable helpers and patients as Christians. We may lead to supply. The meagre family income was suda prayer service, preach occasionally, make it a denly cut off and his wife and two children were practice to have a word of prayer before each op- destitute. When he went home he found that one eration, or in other ways reveal our dependence on of the children had died, and his wife had wan- Christ. But in praying for patients we should dered away to another city with the other child. avoid praying before them that they become He was unable to work for a week after his dis- Christians. That will spoil things and lead them charge, as the leg was stilI weak. Had his family to think that after all we are not so much inter- been relieved during his illness and had he been ested in healing their diseases as in trying to given some hand work to do to earn a little money proselytize them for the sake of the bonus that while recovering, and had he been taught to read, our government gives us. This was reported in using the Gospel of John as a textbook, he might Meshed a few years ago to be $400 a head. We have been definitely enriched instead of embittered should pray for their recovery; that the blind eye toward life. Here is a problem that frequently may be made to see, the pain and disease removed, presents itself in a land where the wolf hovers too and the heart made perfectly happy by finding near the door. What a service the Persian Church real peace. might render the community by tiding such folks over their time of need! A clergyman should be connected with each hospital, for several reasons. The teaching possi- In every station where there is medical work bilities of our hospitals have been largely lost there should be a committee on evangelistic work sight of because too much time has been given to in the hospital, consisting of the medical staff and trying to "win" men to an open profession of a man and a lady evahgelist to plan the work and faith. This teaching work is properly the task of draw the general picture. The medical workers the clergyman who should plan it and carry out should be members and attendants of the local a schedule of addresses, lantern talks, etc. He church. A clergyman and a lady evangelistic could profitably make rounds with the doctors worker should be assigned to evening work in the once a week, thus appearing before patients as hospital on a more definite schedule. The evanone in real sympathy with them. He would thus gelistic work should consist in instruction rather keep in touch with the medical work, see any of than "proselytizing," and special care should be his friends who happened to be patients, see the exercizea. to avoid injuring the sensibilities ef even Christian members of the staff at work, and keep the most fanatieal patients or their friends. The the evangelistic side of the work regularly before whole missionary effort should be directed toward .the doctor's mind. He should also stand ready to making the medical work genuinely and wholly talk with any who ask for him. The doctor would Christian, in spirit and in fact, an "integral part have occasional suggestions to make about certain of the missionary enterprise," and a part of the coming Christian society in Persia.

Are Jews! *

The Challenge of American Jewry to the Church By the REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, Secretary of Jewish Evangelization, Board of National Missions "WHY, they're Jews!" was the astonished What America Means to the Jews exclamation of an urban pastor when re- America, however, has spelled more than oppor- tunity to the Jew; it has signified a new environ- minded that he had probably several ment and all the things that go with it-adapta- tion, modification, change. Things are not as they hundred members of the race of Jesus living in were among the Jews. The traditional Jewish life of Eastern Europe has gone beyond recall. Under his parish to whom he might be spiritually help- the constant pressure of American industrial and commercial life, traditional Jewish customs are ful. Another pastor,. in response to the same re- generally disregarded, while the acceptance of modern scientific and philosophical concepts has Tmhineydegr~ said: "We have no contact with Jews. robbed the ancient faith of its sanctions. The their way and we go ours." A third re- Saturday Sabbath no longer dominates Jewish communities. The dietary laws are less and less plied: "Really, I 'have never thought of that!" rigidly observed. Inter-marriage is on the in- crease. And what is giving Jewish leaders grave And this last reply is doubtless the reason so many concern is the disspiriting drift from the syna- gogue. Rabbi Goldenson, of Temple Emanu-el, pastors and churches are not Jew-conscious and New York City, recently expressed his disappoint- ment that in a city with two million Jews, not have not sought to share with their Jewish neigh- more than fifty thousand were in regular attend- ance at synagogue services. bors the spirit and faith of Jesus as Saviour and Side by side with these trends away from the Lord. And this is the reason also why there has ancient Jewish heritage and the decline of the old reverences there has been observable in many grown up in this country a Jewish situation that areas of Jewish life a real yearning and search for spiritual satisfaction. The Jew today is openchallenges the best thought and statesmanship minded as he has not been for generations. He will listen to anyone who offers surcease from perthat the Church can command. sonal or social ills. Christian Science has won so large a Jewish following that a movement within The situation has grown upon us so gradually. Judaism called "Jewish Science" has been devised to stay the drift. Socialism with its doctrine of The few thousand Jews in America at the middle human brotherhood and practice of social equality has enlisted in its ranks tens of thous'ands of of the last century have increased through immi- young Jewish working people. Every modern cult has a Jewish following. gration, mainly from Eastern Europe, until ~o~ay Christianity, too, has its chance. There is a we have in the United States nearly five mllhon spirit of inquiry among Jews which is leading them by thousands to read the New Testament, Jews, about one-third of all the Jews in the world. visit Christian churches, listen to sermons over the radio and give consideration to the claims of New York, with its two million Jews, is the larg- Christianity. There is an encouraging response of Jews to the Gospel when presented with symest center of Jewish life known to history, while pathy and understanding. The neighborhood house approach has been found particularly ef- Chicago has more Jews than Warsaw, and Phila- delphia than Vienna or Kiev. And here the Jews have prospered phenomenally. They have taken commercial and educational advantages to the full and have come to the fore in many de- partments of our American life. The clothing, jewelry, tobacco and other industries are largely in their hands. Their influence is felt in the pro- fessions, in law, medicine, education, journalism, art, literature, wherever the call of opportunity appeals to their eager, restless spirit. The amuse- ment business, as represented by the theater, mov- ing picture, and radio are largely controlled by Jews. And when we look at our public life and think of such names as Lehman, Morgenthau, Brandeis or Cordozo, we realize the high place occupied by Jews in national affairs. We have here not only the largest Jewry in the world, but the most influential. What happens to the Jews in America will effect every Jewry on the globe. Is not this a challenge to the Church?

• From The Presbyterian, Philadelphia. fective. When Jews are dealt with as friends and [577 ]

neighbors with whom it is a privilege to share the way of Pharaoh and Haman, of deTorquemada through the fellowship of daily association the and Pobyedonostev. But it is not the Christian Good News concerning God's love in Jesus Christ, way. His Son, there are spiritual results that gladden the hearts of all who are concerned for the re- The challenge to the Church is clear. Christians demption of Israel. Not only rabbis and orthodox must rebuke racial prejudice and create Christian Jews, but atheists, radical socialists, and commu- attitudes toward the Jewish people. We have in nists have come under the spell of Jesus Christ our hands the key for the solution of the Jewish and have yielded their lives to Him as Saviour problem. It fits every ward of the complicated and Lord. lock. We possess a Gospel, born of infinite love for all mankind, which can subdue prejudice and The First Hebrew Christian Church, of Chi- ill will and conquer all aversions and hatreds. To cago, organized last year, is a demonstration of apply that Gospel to the healing of the world's the fact that Jews can be reached with the Gospel sorrows is the task of the Church. It must be and that they are willing to share in the extension applied to the healing of the age-long sorrows of of the cause of Christ, not only among their own the Jew. The place to begin is in the Church itpeople, but throughout the world. The minister, self. Little progress can be made in commending officers and members of this church are all Jews, the faith of Christ to His own people if those who as are the officers and teachers of the Sunday are its witnesses deny its fundamental ethic. school. Each individual has come into the church through a definite religious experience and can This is a time of crisis for the Jew. It is a time bear personal testimony to the reality of the faith of testing for the Church. If the Church awakes he has confessed. to its unparalleled opportunity a work may be done here in America for Christ's own people far There are many pastors who have discovered transcending anything that has been attempted that Jews are not only approachable, but respon- since the days of the Apostles. sive to the claims of Christ when presented with a loving heart. More than two thousand mem- "BY HAND PICKING" bers of the Hebrew race are now connected with the Presbyterian Church as ministers, mission- There is much significance in these sentences aries, church officers, and members, loyal in her from Bishop John M. Springer's account, in The service and generous in the support of her work Christian Advocate, of recent widespread converat home and abroad. The fact that there are sions in Africa: over 3,300 Presbyterian churches alone that are located in places where there are Jews, and have "All we students at the theological seminary the opportunity to render them service, calls us recently went to Maranke for ten days, and there to accept this God-given opportunity to share we had a wonderful time in our camp meeting," with our Jewish neighbors, as with other unevan- Demas Chama, of the Congo, student at Old Umgelized people, the Gospel of divine love, God's tali, Rhodesia, wrote me recently. answer to the cry of every human heart. Demas continues: "Then we went to Gandan- Not the least part of the challenge that comes zara, where we had another chance, and spent ten to the Church in relation to the Jewish people is days preaching to them the word of life and the the rising tide of anti-semitism in America. Hith- everlasting Kingdom. . . . We all came closely to erto, this country has been singularly free from Jesus, our Saviour; the people numbered 2,500. organized anti-Jewish movements. What little we have had has been short-lived. Prejudice has ex- r saw an old woman stand up and begin to preach, isted, but has found little expression beyond the utterances of individuals. Now, however, anti- and another old man did the same, till all the semitism has become a menace, not only to Jews, camp meeting became on fire for God the Father but to American ideals and the peace and harmony of all nations. There were three great chiefs, of our people. Jew hatred that has spread its Gandanzara, Mukahanana, and Chikuruwo. These blight over Germany, Poland, and other Euro- Christian chiefs stood and said that their feelings pean countries has made its appearance in our were no more as great men we call chiefs, but as own land. Nazi propaganda has planted its cells the servants of Jesus Christ." … in many American cities. Other anti-semitic movements bear the brand, "Made in America." It is During the past five years, in spite of the wholesaid that no fewer than six hundred centers of sale depression which the French more aptly call .anti-Jewish, propaganda exist to foster prejudice :;tgainst the Jews and impose upon them racial a La Crise, there has been what might· well be 'disabilities. It is the old, old way of meeting the Jewish problem, the way of hatred and oppression, termed "mass movement" of converts to ·Christ in all of our African Conferences. But it has come about in the natural way prescribed by our Lord: the going out by the converts to tell the good news to others. This great harvest has not been brought about by a windfall but by hand picking.

Catholic Activity I•n Pagan

I By KENNETH G. GRUBB, Survey Department, The World Dominion Press, London -··~t I ~========================~ THE Roman Catholic Church has been giving in the Belgian Congo, speaking reeently at Leo- constantly increasing attention to missionary poldville, said: expansion. The Church is no longer content to remain within traditional bounds, if she has The Catholic Church is not Belgian, or French, Eng- lish, Italian or American; it is Catholic; Belgian in Bel- ever been. The passing of centuries has witnessed gium, French in France, Italian in Italy…. In the Congo the stay of the advance of Islam in Europe. The it must be Congolese; in the construction of sacred ediweakness of the (Greek) Orthodox Church has fices, in the manufacture of objects for use in liturgical long been apparent. The Protestant churches functions, lines and colors and all the elements of Congo- lese art must be scrupulously observed. . . . When the have been hampered by the catastrophe of the natives are in church they must not feel that they are in World War and the limitation imposed upon Ger- a strange house; they must feel that they are in their own man missions for economic and political reasons. church.

The chaos of the times has thrown into strong The year 1936 marks the tenth anniversary of relief those advantages which accrue to central- the publication of the encyclical Rerum Ecclesiae,: ized control, while concealing the disadvantages. in which world-wide evangelization was stressed, Under these circumstances the Roman Catholic with special emphasis on the training of native· Church in recent years has rightly seen an un- clergy and a general "indigenous" policy.

precedented opportunity for expansion. The The Propaganda controls considerable financial whole administrative machinery of the Vatican, resources. The financial settlement which was a headed by the Pope, is known as the curia, the part of the Lateran Treaty in 1929 between the highest body of which is the College of Cardinals. Italian State and the Vatican involved the pay- The political affairs of the curia are handled by a ment to the latter of about $87,000,000, and it is Cardinal Seeretary of State, and the spiritual af- understood that the greater part of this is to be fairs by eleven congregations or councils. One of devoted to missions. As Catholic clergy areceli- the latter is the Congregation de Propaganda bate the expense on personnel is relatively light.

Fide, known as the Propaganda. It was organ- Extraordinary efforts have been made to arouse ized in the seventeenth century, reorganized in the interest of the faithful in the cause and thus 1908, and is the missionary arm of the Church. to gain their support. The union of clergy on It meets twice a month and has charge of those behalf of missions has been recommended in the regions where the hierarchy is not established. most authoritative quarters, and regional con- Its auxiliaries, or mobile forces, are the various gresses are held to concentrate attention on the religious orders, and it has its own funds. appeal and the opportunity. Along with "Catholic The first advantage possessed by Roman Cath- Action," the mission field has been the cause olic missions is unity of control or direction, in- which has most often been kept before the troducing co-ordination into the work of the re- Church.

ligious orders which otherwise would consume These considerations naturally constitute a their energies in mutual jealousies. It is quite background to all Roman Catholic expansion in possible that a certain amount of flexibility and the mission fields of the world. In reeent years spontaneous spiritual impulse is lost through this especial attention has been given to Central unity of direction, but its advantages must be ad- Africa. Of the funds which the Propaganda con- mitted. Not the least of these has been that the troIs about one-quarter has been devoted to Africa well-known missionary interest of the present -equal to the amount allocated to China, and Pope has been reflected in an increase of activity. twice that given to India.

The Roman Catholic Church is also following The expansion of Roman Catholicism in Cen- a policy of "nationalization" designed to harmo- tral Africa has been great, although it would be a nize the development of the Church with the cul- mistake to exaggerate it. It is helped by certain ture and outlook of each land. A number of in- powerful factors in the political situation. In digenous bishops have been consecrated, although British Africa the Roman Catholic missions are not, as yet, an African. The Apostolic Delegate on the same footing as other religious bodies; [579 ]

they receive, for example, educational grants-in- frequent. But Protestanism rarely benefits to aid, provided their schools reach the requisite any great extent from a political hostility which standard of efficiency. Their standing before the is directed primarily against the Catholic Church.

law is the same as that of Protestant missions; Governments should treat all churches alike under they are treated with s.crupulous fairness and a legislation which is really intended only to re- impartiality by administrative officers; and it strain offenders. If, therefore, Protestants do not should also be added that the fact of the Anglican suffer from political pressure on the accusation of Church being an established Church in England "denationalization," they are apt to be ground brings no appreciable advantage to Protestant between the nationalist policy of governments and missions. No discrimination is made against mis- the interests of the dominant Church which are sionaries of any religion on the ground of their opposed to it.

nationality, now that the postwar restrictions Italian Africa against German missionaries have been removed. In January, 1936, the departure of the last of the Swedish missionaries from Eritrea was an- It is unfortunate that, in the colonies of powers nounced. Their home going was undoubtedly acwhose religious traditions have been molded by celerated by the international situation; but for the Papacy, the same fair treatment has not al- many years it had been clear that, unless the sitways been given to Protestant missions. Roman uation changed, the work would be closed. The Catholic spokesmen have sedulously inculcated the Swedish Mission was founded in 1865, before idea, in season and out of season, that Catholicism Eritrea had come under Italian control. The early is the hallmark of good citizenship; and that, as Italian governors viewed the mission with favor a consequence, not to be a Catholic is to fail in and benevolence. A church with a Christian comloyalty to the State. Telling examples of this in- munity of some ten thousand souls was built up; sidious propaganda are given below. Thus Prot- a notable literary activity was developed, to which estant missions are attacked on the grounds that the native Christians made a solid spiritual and they "denationalize" the native, and pressure is intellectual contribution; and a chain of schools exerted to compel local administrations to impose was established. But these very activities, linhampering conditions on their activities.

Moreover, the colonial policies of Great Britain guistic and educational, provoked official hostility.

and of the Latin nations are different in their gen- They were precisely the activities which, from eral outlook. The "Dual Mandate" fostered by one point of view, hindered national assimilation, Britain in Africa, and so successfully tried out in placing membership in the Kingdom of God above Nigeria, provides for a proper recognition of the' that in the Kingdom of Italy. About 1917 the constructive ideas in native social customs, and Italian attitude to Protestant missions changed; encourages the use of native languages when they missionaries on furlough could not return and are widespread and obviously of general utility. new recruits were not admitted. The Italian The policy of assimilation followed by most Latin Franciscans were able to strengthen their staff, governments, notably the French, Italian and and Roman Catholic propaganda increased.

Portuguese, is inimical to the perpetuation of Portuguese Africa tribal identity, and seeks to supplant native cus- toms and languages by those of the colonizing For a long time a systematic attempt has been power. Protestantism, with its emphasis on the made in both Portugal and its African colonies Word of God, has tended in its mission work to to discredit Protestant missions. The Angola make much use of the presentation of Christian press, especially in Luanda, is constantly publish- truth in the natural language of the people. The ing articles setting forth the necessity of Catholi- result is that Protestant missions in the colonies cizing the colony. Statements, manifestly devoid of "Latin" nations are open to a double attack. of foundation, are continually made in Portugal The Roman Church attacks them on the ground to the detriment of Protestant missions, and the that Catholicism best ministers to the religious widespread medical, educational, social and evan- and cultural traditions of the State; political gelistic work done by the Protestant missions is pressure is apt also to bear adversely on them on completely ignored. Here is a recent example.

the ground that they are instruments of "dena- At a pub.Iic meeting on colonial questions, on Feb- tionalization." When, therefore, the interests of ruary 20 of this year at the Geographical Society Catholicism can be made to agree, if only tempo- of Lisbon, which was reported at length in the rarily, with those of nationalism, as in Portugal papers; the lecturer opened by quoting the Min- today, Protestant missions are faced with a grave ister of Colonies in 1935 to the effect that Prot- issue. Nationalism, however, is fundamentally in- estant missions were working against Portugal, compatible with the ideals of Roman Catholicism, whereas the pupils of the Catholic schools of Ben- and clashes between the Church and State are guela were proud to repeat, "Weare Catholics and

ROMAN CATHOLIC ACTIVITY IN PAGAN AFRICA

'Catholic' is synonymous with 'Portuguese.'''* Christ. On the outcome of this struggle will de- This kind of thing could be multiplied indefinitely, pend the type of Christianity which is to prevail with examples from both the East and West Afri- in this great area of Central Africa.

can possessions of Portugal. In 1934 121,109 adults were reported baptized Roman Catholic baptisms in Angola numbered in Catholic missions. There are 805 foreign and 43,000 in 1934, and the number of adherents is 37 native priests, in addition to numbers of lay put at 425,000. The figure of 291,000 was given brethren and sisters. The total missionary force in 1931. If these figures are accurate, it is evi- already numbers over 2,000. From one boat dent that a notable increase has taken place. The which arrived at Matadi in November, 1935, 80 prelature of Mozambique, which owing to special disembarked, representing 19 orders. Over 1,200 circumstances does not depend on the Propa- young native men are in training for the priest- ganda, but on the Congregation of Extraordinary hood. Pupils in Catholic schools number 454,969.

Foreign Affairs, reports only 9,250 Catholics in Ruanda Urundi is mandated territory, where 1932. The subsidy of approximately £40,000 is conditions are somewhat different. Article 8 of given to Roman Catholic missions in Angola, with the Mandate binds the mandatary to ensure "comprivileges, such as workers' exemption from cus- plete freedom of conscience and the free exercise toms dues and hut taxes. No subsidies are given of all forms of worship which are consonant with Protestant bodies. public order and morality." There has been some Belgian Africa controversy over the nature of the rights thus guaranteed, and the question was recently raised The difficulties of the last few years in the at the Permanent Mandates Commission in Ge- Congo have received much attention, but the pres- neva. The Governor-general of the Congo has ent Governor has shown himself well disposed to decided on a policy which should insure to Prot- maintain the provisions of the Colonial Charter estants the liberty to which they have a clear title.

and the Convention of St. Germain-en-Laye, guar- Spanish and French Africa anteeing freedom of conscience and the free exer- cise of all forms of religion. In recent years The trend of events "in this limited sphere illusgrave cases of abuse have occurred, whereby trates the other tendency, namely, the determina- Protestant natives have been subjected to unfair treatment, and even physical violence. But the tion of the government to limit some of the pre- tensions of Roman Catholic missions. A o.ecree real question has been educational. The situation was issued in 1935 in Madrid which has also limis peculiar in the Congo inasmuch as all education ited the activities of some of the Protestant misis left in the hands of missions. There has been sionaries. But as some of these questions are now no legislation against Protestant schools, but no being considered, it is not wise to discuss them government grants have been available for them, and few, if any, government posts have been open in print. to their graduates. The educational system set up in 1927 recognizes. only "national," which in There is evidence to show that, although in cerpractice means Roman Catholic, schools, and con- tain regions of French Africa the Roman Catholic fines all government eoucation to Roman Catholic Church is making great efforts, its success will teaching orders. Any capitulation to the threat depend on the legitimate use of its own energies contained in this situation on the part of Prot- and resources. If local authorities show bias, or estants would have the effect of leaving all educa- favoritism, this is generally due to local circumtion in the hands of the Roman Catholic missions. stances, and receives censure rather than en- dorsement from higher officials and from the colonial ministry when the circumstances are ex- The Annuaire des Missions Catholiques au plained. Nevertheless, perhaps in. no part of Congo Belge states that Catholics in the Belgian Africa is it so necessary that missionaries should Congo and Ruanda Urundi now number 1,232,018, have an adequate knowledge of the language of and catechumens 1,032,660, making a total of over the governing power, and a proper acquaintance two and a quarter millions. In another article in with the colonial traditions which have molded this report it is shown that there are about a mil- French policy in Africa. For this reason all mislion Protestants in the Congo; three and a quar- sionaries are advised to study in Paris, if possible ter million Christians therefore exist in the region for two years, and certainly not for less than six today, among a population of some fourteen mil- months. A more detailed discussion of consideralions. Ten and three-quarter millions are still tions which affect all intending missionaries and in paganism, and the struggle which lies ahead all secretaries and board members of missions will be an effort to bring to these spiritual life in which carry responsibilities in French territory • As reported in the Diario de Noticias. Lisbon, February 21, may be found in a paper by M. Leenhardt, of 1'936. Paris, Initiation des Missions Etrangeres en

Colonie Fran~aises. The essential points raised ture will lie in one or other of these directions. by M. Leenhardt are being set out in the review, This article should not be construed as a po- World Dominion. lemic against the Roman Church. That Church Although we may consider that Catholicization has every right to use all the legitimate means is a superficial form of evangelization, and is, within her power to advance her cause and the therefore, of little importance to us, its impor- Christianization of pagan peoples. But it is evitance arises precisely from its superficiality. The dent that the Protestant and Catholic communions point at issue is, whether we shall regard the hold ideas of liberty and tolerance which differ in evangelization of Central Africa as that of a theory and clash in practice. Further, to the expagan people whose grosser superstitions are tent to which modern governments are influenced bound in any case to disappear; or must we, in by these ideas, to that extent do they embody a years to come, contemplate a Catholic-pagan pop- broad-minded or a narrow policy in colonial legulation and expect either a Reformation such as islation. It may yet prove possible to resolve Europe experienced in the sixteenth century, or some of these differences in a spirit of Christian the type of evangelization that now characterizes charity. In the long run, however, it is as well Latin America or southern Europe. If we con- to remember that Christian love alone can claim sent to the present rapid spread of Roman irresistible power; without it the attempt to move Catholicism in Africa the prospects of the fu- mountains by faith is but wasted labor.

What Christ Has Done for Banyankole ANKOLE is only a small district of the Uganda who still follow that custom, but there are many .r. Protectorate, and the writer belongs to this Christian men having each but one wife who are living pure lives. Children who used to grow up country. The Banyankole, the inhabitants in their heathen homes and so learned all the evil of this district, are divided into two tribes: Aba- of such homes are now taken to school and are hima, the cattle-people, and Abairn, agricultur- taught about Christ and His love. ists. The former is the ruling tribe. To estimate what.Christ has done and is doing for my people, As already stated, Ankole is only a small dis- I must touch nearly every department of their trict of Uganda Protectorate, and there are many lives, and compare it with the pre-Christian state such districts in Uganda. There used to be conof things. The government used to be despotic. tinual wars and disputes between the various dis- The king had all power in his hands, and had some tricts, and even among the people of the same chiefs under him. Most of the kings were cruel district. The Abahima despised the Abairn and tyrants, and the chiefs who ruled under them were could not even eat with them. Now the love of very much influenced by their king in the way Christ has been shed in their hearts and the wars, they treated their people. One is likely to at- disputes and all other things which separated peotribute the good government of the country, since ple are ceasing. I am writing this article while Christianity came, and the peace and satisfaction on a mission of preaching the Gospel with a team in the people's hearts only to the British govern- of friends, some of whom have traveled over three ment. There is much truth in that view, but it is hundred miles, and the team is made up from difnot the whole truth. I know that the rulers have ferent tribes, a thing which my father some forty feelings of their own, influenced by their belief in years ago would not have dreamed of. Christ. Now there is still a king who rules the country, but not despotically, and he and the chiefs Several things are greatly needed for winning are quite different from their predecessors. There Africa for Christ. We need keen missionaries, are many chiefs who are honest, truthful and just, men and women who are out and out for Christ and who sympathize with their poor people. and the Africans. We need money to help with the work. People have not yet learned to give as The next thing to consider is the religion of the they ought, and in many of the districts of people. In olden days they worshiped the evil Uganda- people are very poor. But I think the spirits and the spirits of their ancestors, and were greatest need is to get Africans who are really very superstitious. Today there are thousands who converted and on fire for winning their brother have become Christians, and to these the time of and sister Africans to Christ. These would know spirit worship and superstition has passed. the difficulties of their' people, and they could deal with them and show them how they themselves In home life Christ has done and is doing much have been helped to conquer those same difficulties. for the people. Men used to have several wives, and even today there are many of the Christians REV. ERICA SABITI, Ankole, Uganda.

I Am a

By FLORENCE WALNE, Shimonoseki, Japan T o STAND at a crossing where all the road- full measure of the skepticism which has this peo- ways of the world come together to follow ple in its grip; a meeting of mothers who have them with the mind to those far corners to no conception of the meaning of a home with God which they lead-across the shining waterways in it (though gods they may have a-plenty!); an of the earth-to lands unseen and peoples unmet: organization of young girls so apt to go adrift to know, somehow, that one of those roads is with nothing by which to steer their course. I yours; to definitely set your face in the direction stand before them with the Bible in my hand- in which it goes; to companion by the way with mine the privilege, mine the sacred duty, mine Him who said, "Let us cross to the other side," the high honor of interpreting the Message of all and to find at the end that one service you were men's Father to these His children who know Him put here to find I-Who but a foreign missionary not. Mine the Bread of Life to give, mine the Liv- can know what it is like and what foreign mis- ing Water, mine the Abundant Life which comes sionary can really tell anyone about it? with the possession of Christ. Like Frederic My- "Why do you do it?" an English neighbor in ers' Paul, Shimonoseki (Japan) used frequently to ask me. Then, with a rush, the intolerable craving The question was accompanied by a deeply puz- Shivers throughout me like a trumpet call, zled look which indicated the sincerity of the ques- and the desire to give them something, something, tioner's desire to know. She was a former actress before they go away-some of them never to reon the London stage, whose life had held no place turn-amounts to a passion terrific and exhaustfor religion in any form, and in Japan only be- ing. cause her husband was in business here, chafing constantly at the necessity which kept her in this And how could I tell of that joy,-surpassing part of the world. My being here as a matter of other joys in depth and solemnity-which comes deliberate choice was something utterly beyond with the knowledge that God has let me lead one her grasp; how could I tell her so that she could of His seeking children to where He might be understand? That understanding in some meas- found. The illuminating effect, in one's own spirure, did come to her, as she told me in a letter after itual life, of such an expe~ience is beyond the moving to another town. "I went to a reception power of words to convey. I never felt this more recently," she wrote, "and met only one woman strongly than when one of our loveliest girls died, whose face attracted me. I was not surprised a little over a year ago, very soon after she had when I learned that she was the only missionary found Christ.

present that night. I think that before I left Until a few short months before she died, Shimonoseki I got a glimmer of why you are over The Christ to her was all unknown. here and why you are happy to be here and no But she made such haste to open wide where else." How that glimmer reached her I do Her heart, and sweep it clean of faiths outgrownnot know, for truly one does not, cannot, speak Legacies of a pagan age, far past and dim, of the great forces which wrestle with one's soul Of quests for the truth her forbears sought to knowwhen once the hand of God has fallen upon it. And give all its generous room to Him, Whose beauty in that first hour filled her so. There is the silence of a spiritual crisis, That when (so soon it seemed to us) there came Through which your soul, exquisitely tortured, That last great call from Him-to leave all on earth Comes with visions not to be uttered And earth itself-it was with just that same Sweet readiness, that quick response to worth Into a realm of higher life. Revealed in Him-the Bridgegroom of the soul- That she obeyed. And tired young body all forgot, How could I, for instance, ever communicate Pain all forgot, in garments, shining, whole, that feeling which comes over me with a rush Bride-like, her spirit went to Him, tarrying not.

some ntiomnebse1wl· ehveenrsI -satacn1dasbsefoofreyoaugnrgoumpeno,f Japa- While I, who on a darkened way nese eager Sought to give a fellow-traveler light, and thoughtful regarding life, but endowed with a Sharing the strength of my own dim ray, [583 ]

Find the road grown luminous and bright ,happy, beyond words, that it led me to Japan. I With a radiancy which far outshone have found, I know beyond all doubt, my service My own! here. The sense of belonging is so complete and satisfying. There is no question of sacrifice. That Not that a missionary is a constant dweller on would come in having to go away, leaving my task unfinished. To retrace one's steps over one's road, rarified spiritual heights! I wonder if it is possi- away from "that one service" in which one found so much joy-that would be a sacrifice which I ble to imagine blacker des-pair than I have known pray may not be asked of me.

in hours of questioning my fitness for the task to When Time's little day has slipped away into the shadows of a forever-closed past-when the which I am committed? I heard Dr. Speer say, endless Tomorrow has dawned for souls at home with the Father, I fancy that a large company at a Student Volunteer Convention many years will gather about the Master, and, just as the dis- ciples did on their return from missions upon ago, that a missionary's preparation for his work which He had sent them, they will tell Him, each one, of what happened on the one road each had consists in getting possession of the Gospel Mes- taken, of what each had seen, and felt, and said, and done! How free then will be the talk-of forsage. (1) In his mind, "he must know what he is est trails and lonely huts in Africa, and of black men joining the "Tribe of God"; of how India's to say and be clear that he believes it, for the day many faiths and creeds gave way before "The Christ of the Indian Road"; of how China broke will come when he will stand with it,all alone, through a fog of bewilderment and uncertainty, superstition and strife, to the light shed by the speaking to men who are absolutely secure in their personality of the Prince of Peace; of how all the many "systems" in Japan-the social and indusposition of challenge and of doubt." (2) In his trial, educational and religious, bec'ame permeated with the spirit and thought of Jesus; of how He life, ". . . for the people to whom he goes can- was made to walk again in Bible lands, under- stood, received and adored; and so on around the not see a Christ who is not incarnated for them." world which God so loved that He gave His Son to save. How easy it will be then to break the Doubt as to whether one has the first of these silence of years and how sweet the understanding and fellowship! I would rather have a seat in two qualifications may, perchance, never trouble that gathering of "returned missionaries" than a throne in the greatest kingdom on earth! one, but how often the doubt as to whether one "PRAY ONE FOR ANOTHER" can lay claim to the second requirement brings JAMES 5: 16 on sleepless nights and hours of agony! If we I cannot tell why there should come to me missionaries were only more completely in pos- A thought of someone miles and miles away, session of the Message in our lives, the peoples of In swift insistence on the memory- Unless there be a need that I should pray. these lands to which we have come would not be Too hurried oft are we to spare a thought, so long in opening their hearts to receive the For days together, of some friend away, Christ whom we preach and then deny! Perhaps God does it for us, and we ought To read His signal as a call to pray. Another difficult but, to my mind, very essen- Perhaps, just then, my friend has fiercer fight, tial thing in a missionary is the ability to give his Some overwhelming sorrow or decay life to the people and to the particular task to Of courage; darkness, some lost sense of right; And so, in case he needs my help, I pray. whom and to which it has been dedicated and, at Friend, do the same for me! If I, unsought, the same time, keep a place in his heart for fields Intrude upon you, on some crowded day, and phases of missionary endeavor other than his Give me a moment's prayer, in passing thought, Be very sure I need .it: therefore, pray. own. A missionary should be the most broad- MARIANNE F ARNINGHAM. minded, the biggest-hearted, the most widely and deeply sympathetic man on God's earth. How can a true missionary be otherwise? The missionary vision must necessarily include a world won for Christ. The Master's thoughts were never only for those to whom He happened to be ministering at any particular time, but "other sheep have I which are not of this cfaorled,"trHemeesnadi~dusalnYd embraced all in His love. To about the world, even as P·aul, and Livingstone, and other great missionary souls have done! "Read your home letters first," said Stanley. "You must be impatien.t for them." "Oh," said Livingstone, "I have waIted for years for letters. I can wait a few hours longer. No, tell me first, how's the world getting on?"

Forbes Robinson, in his Letters, s'ays that his father on his death bed cried, "If I had a thousand lives to give I would give them all all to the min- istry!" If I had a thousand lives to give I believe I would want to give them all to missionary work for Christ. But since I have only the one, and so could follow only one of the many roads, I am

Christ Found Me in

The Story of Ajitadass, Translated by MASON OLCOTT, Vellore I WAS born a Jain in Banyan Village, six miles shady place where with great joy I prayed, was from Tindivanam, South Arcot District. My quiet and read my Bible. I carried my school family are the strictest of vegetarians, eating textbooks outside of my Bible and used to read no meat, eggs, onions or radishes. They never eat them when anyone came near. During the year I after dark and strain all they drink, so as not to used to walk every Sunday to attend the mission kill any animal life, however small. They gave church, six miles each way. I made no distinction me the name Ajitadass, Servant of Ajita, the Un- in my treatment of Untouchables and was deconquerable, the second of the great Jain saints. spised for doing this.

I was scrupulous in performing all my religious The following June I was allowed by my family duties. to return to Tindivanam and went regularly to Up to the third class I studied in the Banyan church. One Sunday I decided to remove my Village school. Then I was sent to live in the Jain caste mark and sacred thread; even when the Dis- Hostel at Tindivanam where we learned Sanskrit trict Educational Officer came to our hostel, I reand studied the sacred books of my religion. At fused to wear a caste mark. For this the J ains that time I joined the Arcot Mission High School. troubled me. Once I returned late from a Chris- I now rejoice that I had this chance to study Eng- tian meeting and ate food after dark, for which lish and hear of Christ. But for years it was only I was severely reprimanded by the hostel superin.. out of compulsion that I studied the Bible. One tendent. Cast out by my own people, I went to day when I made up my own verses and pretended live with a Christian teacher. The Jains tried to they were from the Bible, I was severely punished put me to shame but I took courage to read the because I had failed to study Christ's words. Bible in their presence. I failed in my college entrance examination partly because of severe iB- When I was in fifth form, my Bible teacher was ness from typhoid fever two months earlier. I Mr. Sundaram, the Headmaster. At 11 o'clock on went to Madras where I completed my eighteenth the morning of September 24, 1932-1 was fifteen year and the next few months were spent at Katyears old, and I remember the time since it was padi and Chittoor. Then I wrote a long letter to the turning point of my life-he told us how Jesus my family explaining why I had confessed faith was scourged 39 times, was spat upon, tortured with· a crown of thorns and nailed to the cross. in Christ. He also read Isaiah 53: 4-7; "He was wounded In September, 1935, Mr. Archibald's Gospel adfor our transgressions. . . . By His stripes we are healed. . . . When he was afflicted, He opened dresses in Vellore made me want to hear further, not his mouth." so I went to Trichinopoly. Missing the train and being delayed, for two days I went without food; When I heard this, tears came to my eyes and but Christ sustained me and gave me peace. On my heart was deeply stirred. Without speaking to hearing Mr. Archibald speak on Jesus shedding anyone, I returned to the Hostel stunned, not his blood to give us the Water of Life, my heart knowing what to do. As I read frOom the Bible, was broken and I found fuller peace and joy. This peace came to my mind. I spent so much time on was the second great change in my life.

the Bible that I neglected my other lessons, about Later, going to Madl'as, I preached Christ to the which the Headmaster warned me. Two mOonths despised and neglected, going to the Outcaste later I went secretly to him and said that I wanted quarter with Christian friends. Hindus started to become a Christian. He replied, "You are only to insult and stone us, and I underwent other per- 15. Wait for three years until legally yOou can secutions, having my box, some books and my make your own decision. Then we shall see. In Bible fOorcibly taken from me. A preacher sent the meantime, don't tell anyone." Before I was me to Chittoor by a roundabout way and there I 18, Mr. Sundaram had died. Gradually the Jain coached some Christian young men in the songs religion lost its hold Oon me. Many noticed this for a Christmas drama at Katpadi, and gave a but of the inner change of faith they did not know. kalatchebam (songs and explanation) on "The . The next school year, my uncle took me from Other Wise Man." Thank God for giving me His Tindivanam High School to shield me from Chris- joy, courage and power of speech.

tian influence. But every day I used to go to a In January, 1936, false charges were brought [ 5851

against me but I opened my Bible and read the to identify the guilty person and their description words, "The Lord is my light and my salvation, did not at all fit me. Because of the delay in my whom shall I fear?" Several police officials came reaching Trichy the end of October, I had not to the house to take me in a car to the police sta- been there when the forgery was committed. tion. Before leaving, I prayed in their presence. Thus God guided me and delivered me from these They accused me of having obtained Ros. 250 on false charges. false pretenses from a Jain abbot and of having forged a police inspector's signature. They asked Going to the Bible Training Centre of the Interme to admit this crime and promised that, if I did Varsity Fellowship in Madras, I awoke at 4: 30 so, my uncle would come to my rescue and pay the one morning for my devotions, and was in the money. I asserted my innocence and when they courtyard when two rowdies broke in and put a asked me to go back to the Jain religion, I an- cloth round my neck. I said, "If you do me no swered that I had come to Christ trusting Him, further harm, I shall go with you." They covered and would not leave Him, even at the risk of my face and' put me in a jutka and took me death. They kept me locked up from 4 p. m. on through the streets for two hours. When day beone day until 10 p. m. of the next, asking me many gan to dawn they took me out and walked by my questions, mostly about my personal life, to which side. When two motors passed, the men crossed I answered nothing. I spent my time reading the the road, and I was able to escape from them. I Bible and praying. There were no bounds to my stayed in a mango orchard until noon and finally joy, for like Paul I was considered worthy to suf- was sent back to the Training Centre. Next year fer for Christ. Men came later from Trichinopoly my hope is to study the Word of God, for I have learned that He alone is the Unconquerable.

Wanted, a Demonstration of Unity By REV. JOHN J. BANNINGA, D.D.

M.issionary of the American Board, Pasumalai, South India T HE Church of Christ throughout the world should have churches expressing their faith in desperately needs an actual demonstration of Chr,ist in their own national ways. what union in spirit and service can do for the extension of the Kingdom of God. In a mul- Especially since the Great War, these Christitude of ways the Church seems to have reached tians have realized that Christianity is not. the a deadlock in spiritual power, in social activity, product of western civilization, but that Jesus and in world fellowship. Something desperate Himself was born in Asia and that therefore the needs to be done to break this deadlock, or correct people of Asia need not go to Europe for their this atrophy. On the foreign mission fields the Christianity but that they can go straight to the work has largely been carried out by division of New Testament for it. Perhaps a new, direct apthe territory into mission areas so that each proach to Christ, by those who have not been Church has practically had a field to itself. bound by all the graveclothes of European tradi- tion, may enable them to follow Him better than Bishop Azariah, of South India, saId at the they would if they followed European churches Lausanne Conference in 1927, that most Indians first and Christ second. are members of one Church or another, not because of theological opinions, but because of geo- India has been cut up into innumerable divigraphical location. He said, "I am an Episco- sions by all the forces that have entered that counpalian in the first instance because my father and try. Not only has the caste system divided India mother lived in a district where the Church of into very throughly segregated groups, but her England took up work. Had they lived one hun- religiol!s differences, even within Hinduism, have dred miles further north I would have been a made them go further in those separations. In member of the American Congregational Mis- South India the division of the followers of Vishnu sion.'" Since that is true the Indians, as well as into the Cat-doctrine and the Monkey-doctrine the Chinese, Japanese and other national Chris- schools has brought great bitterness. Even at the tians, feel that they should not take the denom- annual festivals at Conjeeveram the followers of inationalism of western countries but that they the one doctrine are ready to fight those who hold the other for the honor of certain positions near

WA.NTED, A DEMONSTRATION OF UNITY

the temple car as it is dragged around the city. others see it. We are wrong in our differences Denominationalism is known within Hinduism and separations. We will find ourselves more and this gives all the more surprise to the Hindu nearly right in our agreements and in our unities. when he finds the same in Christianity where he expects to find unity and peace because of the his- For some fifteen years the churches in South toric character of its Founder. Not a few Chris- India have been working on this problem and tian converts today are hesitating to join any they have evolved a scheme which seems pracchurch because they say that by joining one ticable to the representative Committee. Each church they cut themselves off from communion group have given to the Scheme what they thought in another. They feel that the followers of Jesus best in their experience. The Methodists (for- Christ should all belong to one great fellowship, merly English Wesleyans) have insisted that in and that a Christian in one place should be wel- all parts of the Scheme and in the duties of all its officers and church bodies the spirit of winning comed as a: Christian in another. When one really men to Christ (Evangelism) must be dominant. The Presbyterians have said that, in their expericomes to look at it, how terrible it is that we fol- ence, the position and work of the Presbyter (or lowers of Christ have such exalted opinions of Elder) and that of the Presbytery have been of ourselves and our ancestors that we think we great value to the Church. The Episcopalian says have the real truth in Christ while all others have that throughout their history the position of the at most only partial truth. Would it not be much Bishop, as the Father in God of the Flock and the better if we all would unite into one great body leader in spiritual and administrative work, has and recognize each other as fellow-Christians, fol- brought unity within and effective work without lowers of the one Lord, and sharing with each the Church. While the Congregationalis:ts have other the gifts that God has given each of us. felt that Christian forces can best work when each What a rich body the followers of Christ would local group find themselves free from all outside be if they would share their visions and their ac- authority and carry the full responsibility and encomplishments with each other. The prayer of thusiasm for founding the Church in that locality Christ would then be answered soon, "that they and there setting forth Christ as the Saviour of all may be one – that the world may know that men. In this South India Scheme these various Thou didst send me." elements 'have been brought together in a plan that the Committee believes to be harmonious and And why does each denomination assume that well-balanced. No one of the elements of the it is right and all others wrong? I recognize that uniting churches has been taken over in its origithat feeling is slowly dying out, but there are still nal form, but each gift from the churches has many who essentially hold that they are right and been so modified that it fits into the whole Scheme. that, therefore, all others are wrong. What is the basis for such a feeling? It seems to me axio- There are still many minor details that must be matic that worked out and time and again the Scheme has been submitted to the governing bodies of the 1. All denominations are essentially equal in intellectual churches concerned; then it has been brought back to the Committee for rewording or rewritability. ing, It is hoped that no Council will repudiate the Scheme or vote to stop negotiations. It is 2. There is no essential difference in the denominations in recognized in South India, as well as in other parts of the world, that there must be a definite setting their loyalty to Christ. . forth in actual practice of what can be done to bring the separated branches of the Church of 3. All are practically equal in their spiritual insight and Christ closer together.

their resultant devotion to God through Christ. The Next Step 4. All denominations try to work out practically in their What then should be the next step in the Church Union movement? It seems to me that the thing daily lives what they have seen in Christ. we all want is some actual demonstration which will reveal to us what is possible in this great There is no great difference between the Evan- movement. We have so long lived in our separagelical denominations in intellectual, moral, so- tions that we scarcely believe that union is poscial, or practical understanding and application sible. In the San Francisco Bay, engineers are of the principles of Christ. Why then should any building two great bridges across the waters. denomination assert that their interpretation of After the engineers had prepared their plans and a particular doctrine is the only one that is cor- estimates, after all their scientific research work rect. The very fact that other intelligent, devoted had been done, neither they nor the general public Christians can interpret some doctrine differently from the way I interpret them gives me pause in asserting my interpretation. Perhaps there is something that I have not yet fully understood and perhaps I ought to fellowship more with those who differ from me in order that I may learn from them. The trouble is we have all built fences around ourselves and have carefully protected ourselves and our followers from seeing truth as

were willing to go forward with this work until perfect the Scheme are satisfied that they have models had been made to show how the bridges found a way in which this work can be begun. would look and how they would be able to stand They all agree that great improvements are still up against the weather, and the traffic that would possible in that experiment, but they also realoperate on them. When these models and experi- ize that something must be done besides Wk. ments had been completed, then construction on There has been plenty of consultation and discusthe bridges themselves began, with the absolute sion. What we want now is something that we assurance that the bridges would accomplish the can see with our eyes and handle with our hands purposes for which they were built. -something that will be really a working model. If that proves successful, well and good, others In the same way we need an experiment in can follow its example. If it proves faulty then Church Union. We need to have a model set up, changes can be made and failure prevented. so that we can see what it would look like, how it While unions have succeeded where there were would work, and what may be wrong with it. similarities in polity and doctrine, we must now Then larger and better models can be built until go further and unite those that differ in these the fundamental laws of such union are discov- things, and by actual union we will learn how to ered and we can go ahead and complete the great unite, until all Christians can again live together work. in one family. Yes, that is a hard task. That is an impossible thing for men. But it is not im- South India seems nearest ready to adopt such possible when the· Spirit of the Almighty finds a model. Both the Christians who are directly concerned in that union in South India and all men and women that are willing to be led into the those in authority in the home churches of which fulness of His truth. He cannot have two truths these mission churches are offspring, should feel or two interpretations of truth. But He can show the great responsibility that rests on them and forth a great spirit of love that will level all should endeavor to consummate the present move- roughness, and straighten all crooked ways. ment. Those who have spent years in trying to Missionaries as Seen by a Zulu By JOHN L. DUBE, Founder of Ohlange Institute, Natal U P TO the present time the missionary in nomic resources of a State. It provides larger this country has taken upon himself the markets and greater skilled labor. task of educating, civilizing and Christianizing the Bantu. This race looks upon the mis- Some races are inferior, but their inferiority sionary as Christ's messenger, and not only the is a matter of comparison. Missionaries are not teacher of the people but as a father in whose frightened by theories of inferiority, for their steps they walk to the enlightenment which is his work among primitive races has borne good fruit. through Christ. Missionaries educate and Christianize all races, for they have been charged to "go and teach all Although missionaries work under different nations." To them primitive races and those comgovernments they have a brotherhood which is paratively in a lower state of civilization receive not subject to the State government. The law greater sympathy because they deal with all men and example of Christ are theirs, and this is the not according to nationality, but as followers of basis of the stability of their policy. They are Christ. not obsessed with a fear complex, for they know that even primitive people, under good intl.uence The hardships missionary work has to encounand guidance, can reach a state of responsibility ter, with the meager support it gets, are well and peace to all men. known, but undaunted the missionaries have pressed forward, opening schools and churches Christianity raises the status of a man, and in and repdering sacrificial service to the people. this manner increases his needs with regard to There is a great need of this spirit among our health, food, occupation and recreation. It, there- own people, for the time is ripe when the Bantu fore, cannot be regarded as endangering existing should shoulder greater responsibility in Chrisgovernments by inj uring their economic resources tianizing and educating their own people. The by raising an inferior race to the plane of a need for the extension of missionary work within higher; but it increases and stabilizes the eco- the Union of South Africa and the Protectorates is great.

Memories of Jean

Mackenzie =M=C=CL=E=AR=Y===~II~- -•..efI.!I;;I===B=y=M=R=S=.C=HA=RL=E=S=W=.

T HERE was great rejoicing in our West into practice. Meeting a native boy she innocently Africa Mission when in 1904 we learned of said, in a friendly way, "I am going to hell, will the appointment of a new young woman mis- you walk with me?" The affrighted boy said, "No. sionary to our field. One of the senior workers, I refuse to go with you." Somewhat puzzled at having just returned from furlough, recalled this attitude, she reviewed her words and found meeting her in the United States. She had ap- the mistaken name of the place she intended to proached him with questions about the work and visit. When this was corrected the boy gladly had expressed a desire to join us. In time Jean joined her and they journeyed together to the town.

Mackenzie came and began her Adj ustment to the food of a work for Africa. Since then new country is always difficult she has been a blessing to two and the new missionary missed whole continents. Trials as her American favorites. Coffee well as her joys began imme- was felt to be a necessity and diately upon her arrival on on a long "bush" trip, when shore. Her trunk was wet with very hungry, she espied a sea water and we all knew the trader's house and shop on the results that would follow. The top of a high hill. We remem- colors of a little silk American ber how she wondered audibly flag that a friend had given her whether he might have some ran through her wardrobe, coffee. The house cook was with the result that African wont to tell us how fond she women received gifts of the was of his cookies. I remember variegated cloth. Jean took her a time when we were rooming disappointment as a part of together that I was awaked by African mission life. Jean one night asking if I sup- Being assigned to the first posed we could find something inland station, she made the to eat. A midnight prowl re- jungle-trip by hammock and sulted in a "find" in the host- afoot, and then settled down in ess' cookie jar.

one of the tiny rooms of a bark- Jean once told of a long, walled cottage. Here she be- weary day in the jungle, when came intimately acquainted Bachrach physical strength was over- with the family and loved them JEAN KENYON MAOKENZIE taxed. Upon reaching her desdearly. When some sympa- tination she called for a pan of thizing friends in America offered to sponsor the water, removed her shoes and stockings and building of a little house for her to occupy alone plunged her poor, aching feet into the water, and she realized that this sacrifice would involve a in her own words "wept into it too."

sac:dfice of time needed for the evangelistic work At one time she was assigned to one of the coast and she dismissed it with the same fortitude that stations where the contact .with the white man she had shown in the loss of her clothing. had changed the people from the ignorant type of Jean Mackenzie began immediately to adapt bushmen. She spent long hours with the old herself to the place, the customs, and language of pioneers gaining folklore and many reminiscences.

the people and spent many hours in visiting huts She had remarkable ability to construct most in- and villages where she acquired the language teresting stories from a little material. She con- firsthand. How the people learned to love her! fided to us one day that sometime she would write One day, after having spent hours in language a book. Faithfully and well she has used her won- study, she sallied forth to put her new knowledge derful talent as the Church at home well knows.

[589 ]

Her story about writing her father's biography to see her "walk and not faint." Surely the words is unique. She quietly questioned him at inter- of her Saviour to Mary of Bethany may be said vals about his early life, he never suspicioned her of our Jean, "She hath done what she could."

motive. One day when the Atlantic Monthly came Jean Kenyon Mackenzie – Interpreter* to her father's home she saw him don his glasses to read it. Covertly she watched him from behind Jean Kenyon Mackenzie was for eleven years a her book, saw his gaze at the title-"The Story of missionary in Africa. a Fortunate Youth"-scan it a minute and then She was born in Elgin, Ill., the daughter of began to read. With riveted and dilating eyes he Scottish parents, Rev. and Mrs. Robert Macread and then began to frown, smile, chuckle, and kenzie. Her school years were spent in San Franfinally he called her a rather uncompli.mentary cisco, and later she studied at the Sorbonne, in name. Their love and mutual understandmg were Paris. Her father, who came to America when he great, and finally they had a good laugh together. was nineteen years of age, became pastor of Rut- When the monthly mail steamer arrived in West gers Presbyterian Church in New York, and dur- Africa everything else gave way to the reading of ing his pastorate his daughter volunteered for home letters. How she did enjoy them and the service as a missionary in West Africa under the magazines! Some will recall Jean's style of pen- Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. . manship, with her broad pen and lines written at In 1904 she went to what was then the German wide intervals on thin stationary. Once when colony of Kamerun (Cameroun), where she saw visiting a neighboring station, she sat by a co- service for the next ten years in four different worker and both were busily engaged in writing for the outgoing mail. Suddenly Jean paused and stations, all but one "bush" towns in the interior. Thirty years ago this equatorial section was still asked, "When your letters arrive home,. do .y.our "darkest Africa." Gorillas and elephants were people send them over the country to mqmrmg friends?" Upon being answered in the negative, common, travel was on foot or by canoe, or at best in the one-wheeled chair called a "push-push," or she said: "Well, mine do but they will not do so with this one." Then taking her blunt pen she in a hammock swung from a pole borne by porters. printed across the page in a horizontal line, in In 1914, because of ill health, Miss Mackenzie large letters, a slang word sufficiently prohibitive retired from service in Africa and devoted herself to writing about that part of ,the continent which to prevent broadcasting. . is still so little known. After the outbreak of the World War, however, and with the capture of We ever marveled at her self-control; but once, Kamerun by French forces, her return was asked by the mission staff. In the transfer of property when overexasperated at a coworker of the sterner and the establishment of missionary work under a new regime, Miss Mackenzie's fluent French sex she shook her little fist at him and said, "I and her experience on three continents would be of value. The submarine danger was at its height, am'very angry at you." The argument closed im- but by going via Spain and the Canary Islands she made her way eventually to the African coast. mediately. Perhaps the brightest spot in her fir~t This emergency year of service ended, Miss term was the visit of Dr. A. W. Halsey and hIS Mackenzie returned to New York, settling down to a career of writing. The vivid recollections of wife to our field. This was our first secretarial her experiences in Africa resulted in a series of articles and essays in the Atlantic Monthly. She visit and we all greatly enjoyed his season with also wrote several books: "Black Sheep," "An African Trail," "African Adventures," "African us, but no one so much as Jean. Clearings," "The Story of a Fortunate Youth" (an account of the early life of her father), "The . Great was our sorrow when she returned home. Venture" (poems.), "Friends of Africa," "The Trader's Wife." Later how deeply we appreciated her heroic and In 1923 Miss Mackenzie was elected a member brave service as she again heard the call to Africa of the Board of Foreign Missions, and three years later was appointed as its speci.al representative and answered it during the World War. She told Le to the international and interdenominational conus of being alone in the lower part of that big ference held in Zoute, Belgium, which discussed ship, in the submarine zone, and we knew that the future of mission work in Africa in view of only He whom she served had kept her for us.

The results of her services are written in our Mission's war history. When she again left us, she explained that she had promised her father that when he called her she would return, and the time had come. But orice when I was on furlough she confided to me her great desire to return to the field. Each time she followed a company of coworkers to the steamer to say "Good-bye" her streaming eyes followed the boat, as it wended its way Africaward.

. The home Church and literary world knew how, in the words of the Prophet, she "mounted upon wings" but to us who knew her there, it was given • Condensed from Women and Missions, October, 1936.

INTIMATE MEMORIES OF JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE

rapidly changing economic and social conditions realm of human nature. We often saw through over the continent. Here her gift of understandingall sorts and conditions of people came into a her eyes and felt drawn with her nearer to tpe full play. Out of this conference grew many of the most valuable modern developments in African mind and heart. No one else served Christian work in Africa, including the founding country or people more wholeheartedly, or re~­ of a committee to provide Christian literature. Miss Mackenzie died in New York City on Sep- dered more acceptable service to her Lord and tember 2d of this year. Master, than did our coworker, Jean Kenyon Mac- Recollections of a Fellow Missionary kenzie. (MRS. W. S.) ANNA M. LEHMAN. Of the many high recommendations proffered at the time of Jean Mackenzie's 'appointment to A Tribute from a Friend the West Africa Mission, one given by her own father spoke of Jean's "adaptability." Jean Mackenzie was the gifted daughter of a gifted Scotch "domsie," a real child of the manse. Traveling with her down the West Coast, trek- She was as Scotch as if she had been born in king through the bush for days in the rain, living Thrums. Her father never outgrew the traits with her under the same leaky roof, experiencing which made him so definitely a Scot, and Jean intogether a smallpox epidemic, only served to illu- herited from him his rare and delicate humor, his minate her many choice characteristics and to keen insight and lofty imagination, his deeply make us value more and more our new friend and spiritual nature. They looked alike and thought fellow worker. Sympathetic and understanding alike, and in her later years, as she grew older, she was, practical and efficient, ready to share she had so perfectly his ruddy color, his round with black or white not just things alone but her face crowned with soft white hair, and his serene philosophy and attitude toward life, her friends blue eyes, that the resemblance was very striking. and family, and her findings in the African heart Her "Story of a Fortunate Youth" is a beautiful and forest. All who have read her writings know tribute to him. how keenly observant she was, and how much she got as well as gave during her sojourn in Africa. When she came back from Africa on her first furlough, in the fall of 1906, she, who was never Arriving at her station, she gave herself scant very strong, during that winter in New York she three days to unpack her small iron trunks, to establish herself at a rough homemade desk and JEAN MACKENZIE TOURING IN AFRICA arrange her belongings in a third-hand chest of drawers. In the cramped space of a 10 by 14 did a good deal of work and speaking. Among room, she allowed herself but one or two at a time of her treasures and bits of art, living through other duties, she taught a class of girls in the Sabthe calendar with now a brass bowl, next a "Boy and Violin," or some hand-catved panels. bath school of Rutgers Church. It was a rare Self-discipline ranked high in her catalog of privilege for those girls to have such a teacher! virtues. She disciplined herself to a routine of hours and days, sometimes stepping out and fac- One can easily believe that the fascination, the ing "right about" in an opposite direction from that in which the precious monthly foreign mail charm, the devotion of that frail, earnest young was expected. What a wealth of love and friendship, of warming one's self at ,the home hearth woman lent a compelling force and an unforgetthere would be in store for her, with the opening of that tin hamper of mail from across the sea! table impression to the message she taught, which One has only to read her "Exile and the Postman" to know what it meant to her. Yet we saw her has had an influence beyond computation in that deliberately walking away from it, to return only after her self-appointed task of the day was done. mission in Africa. She always schooled herself to the more difficult way. If perchance there was some individual We of Rutgers Presbyterian Church had the who just naturally "rubbed the wrong way," then it was her practice to make an especial effort to rare pleasure of seeing her frequently as she came be friendly or do a favor for that one. to the meetings of the Women's Guild, and other She was a sharer of good things-as much as one can share of family, privilege, appreciation of church services during her first, second, and third beauty, and happy discoveries one makes in the furloughs. She brought the story of God's love to eager listeners, and through her the Sun of Righteousness began to shine in many darkened hearts and home1l ' ..

Of all the missionary speakers I have ever His love, gentle in her own indescribable way, cheerful as she made her efforts for the happiness heard, no one has ever so moved me with the feel- of others, but above all, as a creative mind at work, enriching and interpreting human life. ing of the world's need and the power of God's "The Word of God is a real word," she would love. With such extraordinary gifts of mind and often say. She heard it in the creative process of the natural world, for her it was hidden in the heart and tongue, it has been hard to understand course of things. She heard it in her girlhood, in the African forest, in her home in Riverdale. She why she was not given commensurable bodily recognized the word of God in the Bible. "I found in the Biblical stories, while at work in Mrica, the strength to use her powers to the utmost. She actual word of God to those people,"· she said.

always worked to the limit of her strength, and She shared the sufferings of the Master. When she was writing the devotional studies for Women when she found herself unable to do much speak- and Missions, she worked in great weakness and almost continuous physical discomfort. She ing she gave herself to writing as long as she would come down the stair, obviously pale and worn with her wrestling in prayer. There was in could. A large audience, in secular and religious her studies, in consequence, an almost angelic tenderness and heroism. There was in them the magazines and in her books, have felt the spell adoration of one who had met the Lord in the flame, and been marked with the secret fire. of her pen. GEORGE M. DUFF. In her the natural body could change to the spiritual body with less change than for most of us. (MRS. JOHN H.) MARTHA B. FINLEY.

A Word from Her Pastor Jean Mackenzie meant to the Church what high talent dedicated to a high task can mean. During the more than twenty years that she lived in Riverdale after her return from Africa, she appeared as a shining being amid the daily round of duties-reticent as one truly absorbed in God and Signs of Progress in West Africa By REV. R. S. ROSEBERRY, Kankan, French West Africa "CUT her throat! Cut her throat!" was the ered by this account, namely, Senegal, Guinea, command of the slave driver more than a Sudan and Ivory Coast. These colonies have a hundred years ago, as the long caravan of population of approximately ten million people.

slaves wended its way across the Sudan to Prior to the forward movement of missions, Gambia. The little slave girl could no longer keep Mohammedanism had captured the territory along up with the caravan that Mungo Park was ac- the banks of the Niger westward to the Atlantic.

companying on his return trip from his first visit Entering this region from the north about the to the Niger. The slave girl's throat was cut, and eighth century, they had hundreds of years to the scanty clothing that covered her body sal- press their conquest before the advent of the mis- vaged. It might be said that Mungo Park's first sionary of Christ. Rome had also followed closely trip to the Niger was the beginning of the over- the French conquest and was installed in a num- throw of the slave traffic in West Africa. The ber of pagan centers.

advent of civilized government accomplished it. The great Harris mass movement had stirred The hinterland was held by powerful Mohamme- the southern part of the Ivory Coast, carrying dan war lords who did not yield without many a everything before it like a hurricane. Pushing battle. The closing years of the nineteenth cen- back from the coast about three hundred miles, it tury saw these conquered and the land opened to had turned many people from their fetish wor- commerce. ship, leaving them, however, with very little con- French West Africa, a colonial empire of vast ception of real Christianity. In many places extent, borders the Atlantic Ocean on the west where instruction failed to arrive in time they and stretches east to the Egyptian Sudan, reach- drifted into other forms of paganism.

ing from the Mediterranean on the north to the In 1918, at the close of the World War, the Gulf of Guinea on the south. Only four of the evangelical advance into the interior was begun.

colonies comprising French West Africa are cov- A line of stations was opened from Faranah, near

SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN WEST AFRICA

the source of the Niger River, down to Timbuctoo books which mean to them a new life. They in and across the buckle of the Niger to Gao. This turn become teachers to help others. The call move placed us in strategic centers, giving us a comes from far and near for help to reap the har- working base in at least twenty-five of the more vest. In order to meet the emergency workers than one hundred tribes in this territory. The have been shifted from less responsive Mohamme- number of tribes, increased the usual language dan tribes to the awakened areas. This has some- barrier. Here were many distinct languages, times meant leaving good buildings vacant, but some of them subdivided into dialects, a decided what is a building in comparison with an oppor- obstacle to rapid evangelization. By evangelizing tunity? The missionaries are willing to live in we do not mean proclaiming the message in a ter- grass hut training camps that they may teach the ritory once or twice and then passing on to the needy ones. What a pleasure it is to visit these next district. True evangelization raises up and same sections where the devil reigned so long, and establishes groups of believers who can carryon meet earnest followers of Christ who sit by the for themselves. This was the New Testament hour and listen to the Word! Oftentimes many method. It is not the drilling of men and women tribes are represented in these gatherings, all in a creed with the hope that they will gradually meeting at a common mercy seat.

develop into a Christian community. Evangeliza- Pagans and Ohristians tion means the transformation of men and women by the direct power of God. Anything short of The way has not been easy. Persecution has this is a waste of time and money. broken out which has shown the intense hatred Fortunately the major part of the societies that that always follows a real work of God. The entered this territory belong to strong funda- pagan forces have rallied in some sections to drive medal groups, with a resulting unity of program out the native workers. In one town especially which greatly aids in the evangelization of the their hatred became so intense that they not only territory. Beginning with two workers in 1918, drove the native teacher away, tearing down his the Christian and Missionary Alliance, before the house, but even threatened the missionary with close of 1928, had placed a force of sixty on the violence. The native teacher was not to be so field. Other societies soon entered, so that now easily set aside and returned again and again more than one hundred and thirty missionaries until they beat him severely. He told them that are at work, representing at least eight societies. a beating on the left side was silver money, on The larger language groups have been entered, the other side, gold. He became rich in that kind and much has been accomplished toward giving of money before they grew tired and let him go. them the Word of God in their own tongue. His face shines with an inner light as he tells of Translating has been, for the most part, pioneer his experience. work and consequently has required much time and persistent effort. Into at least four of these In order to encourage these tried ones, conferlanguages the entire New Testament and a part ences have been convened in different districts of the Old Testament have been translated. Other with profit. This affords them an opportunity to pagan tribes have one or two Gospels and the get together and talk over their difficulties and story of some of the Old Testament portions. recite their victories over sin. It shows their strength as a body of believers and encourages After ten years of plodding and sowing the them to press forward through trials and suffergood seed the awakening came. It swept almost ing. It also provides an opportunity for Bible inlike a wave over the entire field. Section after struction and prayer for the isolated ones who section reported a turning to God from dumb do not have the privilege of a great center where idols. Paganism began to break and crumble on continual instruction is carried on. In a recent a wide front until it became exceedingly difficult conference the Spirit came upon those gathered to care for the instruction of inquirers, and many in prayer until strong men called aloud upon God fine opportunities were lost for the lack of to have mercy upon them. It is in hours of this reapers. kind that a new vision is imparted that gives the In order to take advantage of the movement, work new vigor and strength. Many of these training camps have been opened in many parts simple-hearted folk travel miles to attend such of the field to teach the people to read the Word gatherings. The Christians are encouraged to of God. It has been no small task to teach grown bring a love offering, which provides for those men and women from illiterate, pagan tribes. who are called of the Lord to go as evangelists After a busy day on the farm they come from and teachers into the district. The offering con- their fields to study the simple primers printed sists of grain, peanuts, and cowerie shells, which for their benefit. Their goal is a New Testament take the place of money in the more backward all their very own. How they treasure these districts. Many of the Christians are very poor,

and consequently their offerings are not large j did not grasp the message until I heard the Evan- gelist Bokari." This fiery evangelist makes Christ but they are a great help to their spiritual life. real and causes them to fear the wrath of God that will come upon them if they do not repent. No man can make progress in his spiritual ex- In order to get a sick man to a recent native con- ference he loaded him on his horse while he perience who does not bring an offering to the walked beside him, footsore and weary, over the hot, sandy trail. To hear him pray, "Lord, call Lord. forth shepherds to feed the sheep; call them, Lord, black or white! the sheep are many, but the Our hope for every town is to get at least one shepherds are few," is an inspiration indeed. One can well understand the burden that rests on his man to stand true to his faith. He becomes a heart.

rallying ground for others who perhaps are weak- While the results among the Mohammedans have not been as great as those among the pagan er in faith and not so courageous. The great work tribes, yet, strange to say, our foremost evangel- ists, men who have been trail blazers among the of the missionary at the present time is the train- pagans, were formerly bigoted followers of the false prophet. Is there not a lesson in that fact ing of native men and women as leaders. A cen- for us? The strongest fortifications once won in turn make the best strongholds. The Touaregs tral Bible school is being erected in the Sudan for and Arabs on the borders of the great Sahara, the pagan cliff dwellers of HabM land, the Bambaras this purpose. This will not replace the short term and Miankas with the Black and Red Bobos, the great Mossi tribe of the central Sudan, with the Bible training camps already established, but will Kissien, Toma, Gberese, Baouli and other tribes of the forest country, are forming to raise a supplement them. It is not proposed to give them chorus of praise to the Lamb of God who has re- deemed them. These delegations will hail the a higher education, which often seems to unfit King's arrival. Faithful God-ealled men and women are on the march over the burning sands men and women for real village work. Rather we of the desert, on the great open plains of the Sudan, in the somber forests, ever going forward would that they have a thorough knowledge of the to reach the last tribe with the message. Toiling on translation work at night, teaching men and Word of God, with a heart set on fire by the women to read, helping to build houses and chapels, bridging streams, opening new roads, Spirit. . slowly and oftentimes with breaking hearts, the Gospel army presses on to a sure success. The second session of one of these Bible train- ing institutes in HabM land was convened from March 24 to April 19 in 1936, with an enroll- ment of thirty-five regular and eight special stu- dents. Thirty-two of this number took the ex- amination at the close of the session. The course was not conducted without opposition from Satan which threatened at times to disrupt it altogether j but prayer prevailed, and not one left until the close. One can understand the urge that seizes the native to go back to his farm when a heavy rain falls and prepares the soil for sowing the seed.

Only the Lord can impart faith on these occasions and cause them to wait a little longer at the Mas- ter's feet and learn more of His Word.

A true and loyal native worker is a priceless boon to the missionary. The only hope of West Africa is men and women of this type. Again and again we hear the testimony of the natives: "I A TRIBE OF GOD In his letter to the Romans Paul writes, "And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my children; there shall they be called the children of the living God" (Romans 9: 26).

This prophecy is surely coming to pass in Africa. For many generations her people have been abused by all other nations. They have been harassed by merciless slave traders, ex- ploited by ruthless traders and industrial organizations, and divided up among the various nations of Europe. With the downfall of Ethiopia, Liberia is the only bit of independent ter- ritory in all that great continent. But God has blessed the Africans with a spirit of hope and optimism so that they have endured persecution and oppression, patiently awaiting the day of deliverance. That day is dawning now, for out of every tribe in Africa God is calling forth a people for Himself and through these people Africa will be delivered out of her age-old bondage. One old woman made the remark, "A new tribe is arising in Africa in our day- the tribe of God."-Clarence E. Carlson, in Gems of Cheer.

Lai Tsang, Missionary to

I _oo-lflf By MRS. C. S. DEMING, Seoul, Korea I fB.- ~==========================~ SOME years ago we first made Mr. Sen's ac- I thanked God, and took courage. Then it quaintance. Our little mission to the Chinese seemed not right to send a young man like that in Seoul had been opened only two Sundays alone into a hard place, for the Lord sent out the and, when passing through town on his way to disciples two by two. I prayed that some Chris- the steamer at Chemulpo, he came to morning tian might be found at Chemulpo, who would be a service. He was a member of Dr. Mateer's church help to him. The very next prayer meeting night, in Shantung, and had been engaged in a little a young man appeared in foreign clothes who said bakery, but as business was bad he was returning that he had served his apprenticeship at Chemulpo home. Just a young lad, insignificant looking, we as a tailor, and then returned home to Shanghai.

did not expect to see him again. His family were all Christians, and he became a Years passed. Our hearts became heavily Christian also, and had been baptized. Hearing burdened for Chemulpo, the nearest port to Che- that we had started a church in Seoul, he had foo, China, with its large Chinese settlement, for come to join us, having returned to Chemulpo nothing was being done for them. We had to start in business for himself. He told us that neither man nor funds to start this new work, but the other half of the house he occupied was vawe had God who hears and answers prayer. It cant, and that we could probably get it for our was not long before I saw Mr. Sen at one of our work. We went to Chemulpo the next day, had a evening prayer meetings in Seoul. He had just re- time of prayer in the tailor's shop, then rented the turned from China to try his hand at the bakery next door place for a little church. business once more and he was asked to bring a It was wonderful to see how the children flocked around Mr. Sen. He taught them to pray word of greeting from the home church. sentence by sentence, and got them to pray at It was a remarkable story he told. On going to home morning ar..d evening and at their meals, out China, he had met with a certain evangelist who loud so as to influence their parents. The children had been in an important position in a consulate spent so much time at the mission that the schoolbut reading the war news in the papers, felt con- teachers complained that they were neglecting vinced that it was one of the signs of the Lord's their lessons. Mr. Sen told them to come to the speedy return. He gave up his post, and set him- church after school and he would help them preself to do the work of an evangelist, trusting en- pare their home work, after which they had their tirely to the Lord to supply his wants and those daily Christian Endeavor service. He taught them of his large family. Mr. Sen joined him and in to pray over their lessons, so that one boy who preparation for his work, spent hours studying was bad in arithmetic, got 100 in his examination. God's Word and praying for the baptism of the Holy Spirit. Before long the answer came and When the influenza epidemic was about, Mr. the evangelist went out to do a great work for Sen was taken sick. His friend the tailor was God. away at the time and there was no coal. The weather was bitter and he was too ill to move. After speaking, Mr. Sen led in prayer, the most The children came and found the doors locked. wonderful prayer I ever heard. As he was pray- Mr. Sen called to them that there was no coal, so ing, the Lord said to me, "He is the man I have they would not have their r.egular meeting. When sent you for Chemulpo." they came the next day, and heard the same thing After the service, I asked him, "Are you will- they knew that something was wrong, and asked ing to go and start work for God in Chemulpo?" him why he was not up. When he told them that It was a hard task. He said, "I will pray about it, he was too sick and could not move, one of the and see if it is the Lord's will." The next week boys climbed to a second-story window and man- he told me that the Lord had appeared to him in aged to get in. Some of them went to their homes the night, telling him to be strong and of a good and brought wood and coal while others brought courage,' that He would stand by him and food. Others carried water, as he had had noth- strengthen him, and that he had called him to this ing to drink. Some mothers came around also work at Chemulpo. and cared for him.

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Mr. Sen spent his mornings visiting in the Korea to our knowledge, when marriage brought homes and places of business, preaching Christ a China missionary to Korea. His prayers that everywhere. There was no place in Chemulpo someone might come and start work among his where the name of Mr. Sen was not known and people in Korea were answered by our coming, loved. The girls and boys would go out with him, and I believe were the cause of it.

preaching after school hours or on Sunday after- Through the years, Elder Chee, and Mr. Sen are noons. They became splendid little workers and the two men who have felt the burden and re- then the parents began to get interested. One sponsibility for the whole Chinese work. Every whole family was won through him and many week the officers of the church would meet with others. them. Down on our knees, we would each one Mr. Sen had great power in prayer, and a pray in turn over the matters coming up for de- simple childlike faith in the power of God. There cision, so in an unusual way felt we had the mind was a young man in town who had terrible pain of the Spirit,because of our unity. Shoulder to in his ear for a fortnight and could neither eat shoulder we have carried the burdens and re- nor sleep for the pain. He went to the hospital sponsibilities in a fellowship that has been most but could get no relief. A church member, a young precious. We have sorrowed together, and re- blacksmith, said, "I will take you to Mr. Sen and joiced together. In time it was felt that Mr. Sen he will pray for you and you will be healed." He should be ordained, and at the request of the went to the evening service with the man, but Union Chinese Churches in Korea, now grown to found that the tailor was about to conduct the five in number, the Synod of the Union Chinese service. He had come in and found Mr. Sen over- Christian Church of China ordained him in Mouk- come by the fumes of the charcoal stove he was den. Having started the work in Chemulpo, he using to cook his food. He was lying unconscious became its pastor, but was later called to the pas- on the floor. The tailor put him in bed, with torate of the Seoul Chinese Church, where he is plenty of fresh air in the room, but Mr. Sen was now carrying full res.ponsibility together with El- too sick and weak to move when it came time for der Wang.

meeting. The blacksmith came and said, "I have In the fall of 1929 we were transferred to North brought you a man who is sick; we want you to Manchuria, the mission field of the Korean Meth- pray for him to be healed." Mr. Sen replied, "I odist Church. It was hard to leave the fellowship am too sick to get up." Then it occurred to him of the churches in Korea, but Miss Quinn who how foolish he was not to trust God for his own retired from work in China had been asked to healing also. He asked God to heal him, so that help with the work up the east coast, and was he might go upstairs and pray for the sick man. asked to reside in Seoul, and help all the Chinese Immediately the sickness left him and he went up churches. Pastor Sen worked with her loyally for and knelt beside the sick young man in prayer. five years, during much of which time her work When the young man went home, the pain had had to be done from her bed.

gone. He had a good night's sleep and in the The young Chinese carpenter has developed morning a great abscess burst in his ear and he into Manager Wang of the Gospel Building Com- had no further trouble with it. pany, started to help support the church. Ten Mr. Sen used to get up at five in the morning per cent of all profits go to the church. He is now to study the Bible. While we were on furlough Elder Wang. Recently in building the Music he studied for a time in the Korean classes at the Building of Ewha College, he found he had over.

Pierson Memorial Bible School. A letter from estimated the cost of the building. An improved Mother who visited him, reported that he had price of building material had reduced the cost.

started a Bible class with his classmates, a per- Without being asked, he returned several thou- sonal work prayer group, and an evangelistic sand dollars, which were more than legitimate band. A man who was won by him was a young profits.

carpenter named, Wang Kong En, who suddenly Miss Quinn died on August 31, 1934. That day came under convicti6n of sin as Mr. Sen was ill health necessitated my starting for America.

praying, and gave himself to God. Standing on the platform at the station among Later Mr. Sen went to Nanking, and after Chinese, Korean, and foreign friends, Pastor Sen graduating at the Theological Seminary, returned and Elder Wang stood as the two pillars of the to be the Chinese evangelist for the whole of Chinese Church, clergy and laity. The two moth- Korea. He opened the work in Pyengyang, and ers of the church had been removed by God. The in Fusan also. churches could walk alone, under the direct guid- Thirteen years. have passed since the above ance of the Spirit. Thank God for both these men.

story was written. Sen Lai Tsang has proved Dr. Chee retired to Peiping. Pray for them as himself indeed called of God. Dr. Chee, a Chinese they carryon, and send them help for entering herb doctor, was the only Chinese Christian in new areas when God so guides.

HOIl1:e Missions' in Modern America*

_.46t Ii By the REV. E. D. KOHLSTEDT, D.D., Philadelphia I Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist JB- Episcopal Church I~==~======================~'

T HE United States of America is an excep- sions, than to develop constructive citizens. tional field for Home Missions. No other Specialists sustain our contention that, without nation can duplicate the intricate, exacting discounting the effectiveness of what Government task that confronts organized Christianity in this men were doing toward the suppression of crime country, with its unique historical heritage, reli- and criminals, the cause and cure of crime in the gious background, territorial expansion, govern- United States is a matter of more immediacy; mental development, racial mixtures, cosmopolitan that preventive rather than punitive phases of sopopulation, changing economic and social situ- cial service demand major emphasis; that Chrisations. Constructive statesmen remind us that no tianity has no more imperative obligation than a nation can hope to withstand the test of time that faithful ministry to child life. lacks at least three fundamentals to perpetuity: The late Senator Long said, concerning the solu- A capable foundation of race; tion of criminal problems: A high standard of private and public morals; A spirit of fidelity to tried and long-established institu- "I understand that crime is costing our country $12,000,000,000 annually. We spend about $40,- tions. 000,000 a year on the prosecution of federal crimes alone. The approach to this problem of Despite gratifying gains, Christian constitu- reducing crime should begin with childhood, in our encies record a disproportionate ratio of our total public and private schools, where children should population. Mindful of the variable value of sta- be taught a greater respect for law. There should tistical summaries, we marshal the most depend- be a revival of religious training in the home, a able data available, as a reasonably reliable yard- reorganization of our correctional institutions, stick with which to measure religious progress, with a revision of our judicial methods. We want and to determine the validity of missionary re- to punish, rather than to correct conditions by sponsibilities. using common sense in administering justice."

Missionary Review of the World (June Issue) Home Missions and National Life 1935: Present population of the United States …. 134,000,000 Secretaries of American missionary agencies Pre-High School Group, no Church Contacts 13,400,000 record seven facts that magnify Home Missions: Non-Church Members, including children … 75,000,000 1. Democracy may be a promise or a peril: without reli- The International Council of Religious Educa- gion, a peril.

tion estimates our United States youth population 2. The utter failure of substitutes for religion. (ages 5-17) to be 30,034,308, and the number in 3. Applied Christianity solves social problems. that classification unreached by the Christian 4. Increasing recognition of the Christian Church. church, 15,000,000-a tremendous challenge to 5. The national significance of Home Missions. 6. The challenge of unmet missionary needs in America.

Home Missions! If the Federal Government 7. Christianity's ability to survive depressions.

deems it advisable to spend millions of dollars on Home Missions and Social Safety emergency education and student aid, the Chris- tian Church must undergird that program with an Economic security and social safety are the adequate religious ministry. rightful heritage of humanity. The supreme pur- Social education and crime prevention was the pose of our Master's ministry to mankind was "A theme for a series of discussions in the White more abundant life." A progressive realization House at Washington, May 17-18, 'participated in of that objective is one of the major responsibiliby 75 mission and social agency representatives. ties of Home Missions. Methodism's ministry to Juvenile delinquency is a social problem that can- the masses has always been characterized by a not be solved by punitive methods; such a pro- tender solicitude for their physical, social and cedure is more likely to engender antisocial obses- spiritual welfare. Her concern for the totality of life is convincingly stated in a challenging docu- • Condensed from The Pastor's Journal, January. 1936. ment: The Social Creed of the Church!

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Sincerely appreciative of Federal Administra- relief work, care of the handicapped and unfortunate, will tion efforts to stabilize chaotic conditions in this be greatly expedited by sympathetic encouragement on the country, and with absolutely no thought of any part of the great body of the church who, I believe, are political emphases, the results fro~ several.years for the social gospel, if they can see that its feet are on of experimentation ought to convmce well-mten- practical ground. tioned economic experts of the futility of a philosophy of scarcity that involves: the destruction The Consumers' Cooperative movement, conof food stuffs and supplies in certain sections, for cerning which much has been written, is based want of which humans are suffering in other parts upon these principles: a democratic organization of our fair land; substantial subsidies to a selec- of economic processes; an unrestricted membertive list of actual and absentee agriculturists as a ship; a limited rate of return on caI;>i~al inve~t­ reward for nonproduction, while grain, meat and ments; one vote for each member; dIVIdend dISmilk-product imports show percentage increases; tributions, determined by patronage. The Coopthe twofold delusion of drinking and spending erative League.of the U. S. A. claims to have 6,600 ourselves into prosperity, regardless of social lia- societies; 1,800,000 members, and an annual bilities. Our Government's main problem is not business of $365,000,000; to reverse our economic the disposition of a bugbear surplus, but a justifi- order by paying profits to the buyer, producing able allotment of the available necessities of life. goods in the interest of the consumer, instead of the promoter, taking out of business the elements Federal Social Security legislation embodies of speculation, in the hope of eliminating peaks several humanitarian proposals, which merit sym- and depressions, the despair of our present syspathetic consideration. tem.

The Social Security Bill is the first law of such scope to Every major Home Missionary project in our be enacted in this country, although Great Britain, Ger- program is an attempt to meet urgent needs in many, France, Austria, Bulgaria, Irish Free State, Italy, some actual area of human life: ministries to neg- Poland, Russia and Switzerland have long had some such lected or underprivileged communities throughform of protection. out Continental United States; in allocated sec- tions of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the The bill includes these items: Dominican Republic; specialized evangelistic and social services to bilinguals, Indians, Latin Amer- Old-age Pensions, Unemployment Insurance, Dependent icans, Migrants, Mormons, Mountaineers, Ne- Children, Health, Clearance of Slum Residence Areas, and groes, Orientals, Polyglots. Share-Croppers Rehabilitation. Methodist social service proposals must, of The Exaltation of governing principles is a mat- course, accord a primary place to that outstanding ter of moment to the Christian ministry; the busi- humanitarian enterprise initiated thirty years ago ness of blueprinting procedures belongs to special- by Dr. E. J. Helms, founder and director of the ists, who have earned the right to be heard and heeded in this phase of civic responsibility. That Goodwill Industries fact stresses the significance of services that ought to be rendered in the field of statesmanship by which furnish a fine foundation for the developthoroughly equipped churchmen. But direct hu- ment of cooperative economic and social life, man contacts in the realm of religious activity particularly among groups that have much in comought to enable discriminating ministers to say something tangible about the application of Chris- mon, whose interests readily respond .to constr.uctian principles to the business of life. United annual conference sessions afford a real opportunity tive efforts toward economic and soclal securIty. for joint appraisals of economic and social situa- This Christlike project is a convincing, composite tions. expression of practical Christianity.

The Gospel of Christ proclaims a complete sal- The Quadrennial report: vation: enrichment of life in all of its essential relationships-physical, social, spiritual. Scores For opportunity wages to handicapped people, of sincere lay leaders are as anxious as any of us Goodwill Industries paid $1,628,486.11; for servto find a satisfactory solution to this intricate ice wages, $392,920.97. The following service has problem, but cannot see the advantage of tearing been provided: down the superstructure in order to make needed repairs. Different persons employed ……………. . 46,510 Hours of employment ………………… . 6,580,495 Senator C. O. Holmes of Gary, Indiana, says: Sales in Goodwill Stores ………………. . 3,315,376 Goodwill bags filled ………………….. . 2,733,709 The church must make greater social contributions than Homes from which bags and furniture came .. 1,333,642 ever. Some of the success that ought to be made possible Aggregate attendance daily Chapel service … for social security measures in State Legislatures, for in- Adults enrolled in community service activities 545,596 telligent use of employment exchanges in coordination with Children enrolled in community service activities 5,862 12,306 Superintendent R. E. Scully says: "Everybody knows that only by the help of the Board of Home

THE HANDWRITING ON THE WALL IN JAPAN

Missions would we have been able t'O continue the were effected between the colonial settlements of religi'Ous work in the Cincinnati Goodwill Indus- Salem and Plymouth, characterized by divergent tries." creedal concepts, local leaders discovered the real- ity of a practical basis for Christian fell'Owship. Social situations in America threaten the de- Puritan Governor John Endicott wrote to Pilgrim struction of fundamentals to the perpetuity of our Governor William Bradford: national life. Christianity is challenged by: a slump in ethical ideals; an indifference to cardinal God's people are all marked with the same mark; they virtues; the propagation 'Of pagan phil'Os'Ophies have the same heart, guided by the same spirit of truth; 'Of life; the ravages of an uncontrolled, federally where this is, there can be no discord, but sweet harmony. fostered liquor traffic; the menace 'Of m'Ovies that May we, as Christian brethren, be united by unfeignetl persist in the unpatriotic pastime of disc'Ounting love, bending all our hearts and forces in furthering a their country in the eyes of the world by mag- work beyond our strength. nifying the worst features 'Of American life, idealizing crime and criminals, caricaturing Christian Federal Church and Home Missions Councils leadership, c'Onfusing the ethical ideals 'Of impres- were organized in 1908, when a new spirit 'Of cosi'Onable children; the divorce evil, with its tragic operation among our evangelical communions and trail from Reno to Hollywood and Washington. their respective missionary agencies began to reg- ister. We have witnessed practical applications Cooperation and Church Comity of the principle of cooperati'On until office files are cluttered with c'Onvincing cases 'Of progress. More Christian cooperative movements in America has been accomplished during the past twenty are a fulfilment of early ideals. When contacts years than in all the earlier years of American church history.

The Handwriting on the Wall in Japan A Story Told by A. E. AURELL, Tokyo Agent of the American Bible Society T HE following story is told by a Japanese "Come unto me all ye that labor and are heavily young man who was discouraged and planned laden and I will give you rest."

to commit suicide. Those gr·acious words of Christ made me recon- N'Ot being able to see eye t'O eye with my father sider indeed and almost unbeknowingly my feet there was often strife leading to divisions in my began to take me to the Christian church, the home. In moments of quiet reflecti'Ons it did seem address of which als'O was given on that wall. awfully regrettable that a son should be so obstinate.. It was ruinous not 'Only to me but to the Upon arrival at the church I was kindly welwhole family and an annoyance to the neighbor- comed by a man 'Of G'Od, and, to make the story h'O'Od. One day in desperation I decided to run short, I was born again! What an experience! away from home and day after day without rest It seemed to me I had awakened from a bad and sleep I traveled afoot till I reached Atami, dream! By the P'Ower of the Holy Spirit obstinacy the place widely known for "casting away 'Of life." and wickedness were removed from my heart. For a few moments bef'Ore taking the fatal jump Bitterly crying over the good-for-nothing past into the deep water at the f'O'Ot of the famous cliff life I repented fr'Om my innermost being, and the s'Omehow I was able t'O control the terrible feel- bright star of hope shined forth on the pathway 'Of ings of excitement of my heart while I took paper life. and pen out of my pocket to write a farewell note. In anguish I flung my head back and what should I was awfully ashamed 'Of the way I had treated happen but that my eyes fell on the words written my parents, and at once I set out 'On the way home on the smoothly cut mountain wall to the very detouring a bit to see an uncle in Tokyo. Finally, right 'Of me: in true humility and shame, in torn bodily garb, I "Wait a m'Oment! Reconsider!" returned t'O the presence of my longed-for parents. Reading those words again I read what followed I had run away hoping to wash out sin and un- righteousness in the ocean waters at Atami but them. instead of that mistaken attempt I met J €Sus Christ who renewed and clothed me with the robe

of His salvation. What a joy has come into my Word of God, written on the above mentioned heart! wall about twelve years ago–rewritten many times since-by an elderly Japanese man of God. "Next I called on the pastor of the church in His implicit confidence in the saving power of the our community and met with wonderful kindness. pure Word of God has been abundantly honored Now I am praising God for the power of the Gos- and he and his wife have had all they could do pel of Jesus Christ which was first brought to in dealing with the lost who have come to them my attention on the mountain wall at Atami." for instruction and guidance into the restful peace of Christ which He promised in Matthew 11: 38. This is one of hundreds of similar stories of lives that have been saved by the reading of the Korean Christian Te'stimony By F. S. MILLER, Chungju, Korea W HEN one of the Korean evangelists was interest in the Bible, their Sabbath observance working among Chinese across the border and their zeal for souls. in Manchuria, a Chinese woman asked: The Korean Presbyterian Mission in Shantung "Are you preaching what these Koreans be- Province, China, has helped to change the neighlieve?" borhood and has proved that self-support will work in China as in Korea. Reports come also "Yes, the same Jesus." that Korean Christians who migrated to Mexico have wielded the same helpful influence there and "Then I want you to tell me more about it. I a missionary in India recently translated and have been to their church to find the secret of their printed stories of Korean experience to stimulate happiness and peace but I cannot understand the Christians of his own province. what they say."

After listening to the Gospel she started home- A former Jewish rabbi writes in a recent book ward. The evangelist visited her on the following that one day he entered a store in Philadelphia and day when the woman gathered all the family to saw two Koreans in very earnest conversation.

listen to the Christian message. He asked what the trouble was and was told of In the early colonial days in America, the the struggle of the Koreans for freedom. The story won his sympathy and he invited the Ko- Scotch-Irish scattered through the forests of the reans to his home to talk further over the matter. new territory built churches and schoolhouses When they met, one of the Koreans said, "Let us everywhere. In the same way the Koreans are pray first." As the rabbi listened to that prayer scattering their churches and schools over Man- he became convinced of the power of Christ even churia and East Mongolia. As in America, many in the non-Christian world and eventually gave leading men in business, politics and the profes- himself to the Master. sions came from those little log churches and schools so we confidently expect that the young The Korean Christians take their new faith now being trained in the Christian churches and seriously and simply. Prayer is a real and regschools of Manchuria will take a leading part in ular part of their lives. They have their faults, the development of Eastern Asia. Some years ago and we missionaries, with thirty generations of a young Korean who moved to Manchuria from a Christianity behind us, may expect too much from Choong Chung church became a magistrate and first generation Christians, but we thank God for boys reared in the first Christian schools of Korea their genuine qualities and for their widening inhave become physicians in Manchuria. fluence. The story of what Christ has done in Korea has given new faith, courage and hope to As God chose little Judea, set in the midst of Christians scattered all over the world. what were then the world's largest nations, to be The results of Christian missions in Korea are His seedbed from which He sent evangelists to all the fruit of conservative, spiritual Christianity the known world, may He not have chosen Chosen which accepts the Bible as the Word of God, beto be His seedbed for the Far East? Japan has lieves in the miracles as the workings of an everalready felt the influence of Korean Christians and present and active Creator, and is convinced that Japanese Christians say that they have something there is "no other name under heaven, that is to learn from the Korean Church – from their given among men, wherein we must be saved" prayerfulness, their liberality, self-support, their than the name of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.

Missionary and His Native

FIFTY or more years ago it was comparatively His own people are beginning to attain to easy to lead and guide a people newly con- heights in education and scholarship which were quered, not only in warfare and material regarded by his forefathers as only the rights of things, but also in those deeper spiritual beliefs the white man. He is therefore becoming very which had been there since time began. The white conscious of these achievements and is beginning man and his science had brought doubt to the to wonder if he really needs the white man to minds of even the most conservative as to the work out his salvation, whether the trust he has reality and truth of his own magic, his religion, placed in him so long has not been in vain, in the and his ancestor worship. The white settler be- real things of his everyday life. He is beginning side him was uninfluenced by his superstitions; to look to his own black fellow men for guidance he prospered in spite of his unbelief and his jeer- and help, and the white man at the head becomes ing at the much feared witch doctor; his cattle a mere figurehead to whom only certain things increased; his fields were fertile; his children can be told and the rest left untouched. He is lived and were healthy, without his depending in literally becoming "difficult." He is learning every any way on those things on which his black neigh- day to be like his white fellow worker, outwardly bor depended. This was bound to affect the Bantu polite and civil, hiding a great deal of what he adversely and make him doubt very seriously his thinks of him, but nevertheless seeing through a own background and his ways of living and think- great deal and despising much, thus creating a ing, and an almost complete lack of confidence in state of affairs in which real harmonious and cohimself and his fellows was sure to take place. operative effort is an impossible task. He and his fellows discuss fully what they think of their The missionary, in his most admirable zeal and white colleagues, their work amongst them and ardor to civilize and Christianize, helped to in- their influence, but it is in very rare cases that crease this doubt, and in breaking down as savage the Bantu worker will be frank enough to tell his and barbaric all native institutions and customs, white fellow workers what he and others of his helped to increase this ever growing lack of con- race really think. They have found to their sorfidence in what belonged to the people and was row that such frank declarations on their part are part of their life. This process has gone on for greatly resented. They are considered inferior, over a hundred years in some parts of South and any suggestion of criticism of their superiors Africa. But now the Bantu has got used to the is considered altogether presumptuous. The relanew ways. Many of the young people of today tions between the two parties are therefore so have grown up knowing no other life but that strained and stiff that very seldom do you find which the missionary preached so well to their real intimate friendship existing between white great-grandfathers and their sons. He has grown and black in our native missionary schools and up with a clearer vision of what life really is and churches. If this state of affairs is as I have has been able to view his white neighbor, not as pictured it and as m~ny others know it to be, the some wonderful god who knows all, but as a inevitable question amongst Bantu youth workhuman being with faults and misdeeds like his ing under such conditions is, UApart from his own. Hence the old state of worship of the white man because he is white is fast dying off, and the academic qualifications, which he uses within the Bantu is becoming more critical and ever so much precincts of his classroom and therefore to a very more "difficult to manage." He is becoming mis- limited group, what is the gain in having white trustful of even the best .amongst his white friends teachers in our native schools? Is it not far betbecause he has so often trusted and been disap- ter to have men of our own race, perhaps not so pointed. He is suspicious, and is more confident well equipped academically, but yet giving of their in himself and in gui'ding his own life. His secrets all, being one with their fellow workers and with are now his own and not to be shared with the the students and making life much more natural missionary who used to be his father's trusted and easy, as the Bantu like it to be." This quesguide and helper. He is becoming race conscious tion will have to be faced more and more in fuand nationalistic, nor does he now hide his head ture and resentment on the part of either white in shame when the "immoral customs and habits" or black over frank discussions of some of these of his race are mentioned, because he has learned topics will only help make the situation more that such customs and habits are to a greater or lesser degree the heritage of all people, his white acute. neighbors included. MRS. F. Z. MATTHEWS, a member of the Xosa race, wife of a native professor, and her- self a teacher.

[601 ]

Ways of

'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO World Peace and Evangelism results, this statement is ac- feres with missionary endeavors. cepted by many as even more Thinking Christians are aware Never before was the subject true than it was fifteen years of Peace and War so integral a ago. If there ever was a time that the last war dealt a severe part of the Christian program when warfare was necessary or blow to the churches and mission for World Redemption as now. desirable, that time is now past. work. How can we, as disciples The testimony of missionaries is The peoples of the world are of Christ, send the Gospel of love universally to the effect that ov- waking up to the fact that twen- to other peoples and at the same ergrown nationalism and its off- time condone and support the spring – the war spirit – are tieth century warfare no longer destruction of our neighbors and well-nigh insuperable obstacles exemplifies the spirit of glory, of ourselves by prejudices, lies, to progress in spreading the Gos- discriminations and violence? It pel of Christ, the Prince of patriotism and supreme sacrifice is difficult to conceive of a more Pe'ace. Without exception the that has characterized past wars insincere or two-faced situation. missionary plans and literature of humankind. War today is a of the denominations that have "racket"; and the sins of greed, It was proclaimed that the sent material for use in this de- falsehood and suspicion, hatred World War was going to make partment give a prominent place and murder are its very lifeto endeavors for shaping up the blood. If wars are still inevita- the world more "safe for democ- Peace Mind. It is especially fit- ble it is because people are unting that in this month which racy," but the opposite has been commemorates the birth of Je- willing to abandon selfishness, or proved more nearly true. Not sus Christ and echoes the An- are blinded by greed and profit, gels' Song of "Peace on earth: or crazed by racial prejudice and only have dictatorships flourgood will to men" we should pre- false propaganda, all of which ished since the conflict but relisent materials majoring upon gion itself has been jeopardized. that great theme. Your Depart- are at variance with Christian In addition, nationalism with its ment Editor's earnest injunction teachings. The time has come is that every reader should do deification of the State is becomsomething to stimulate the pur- when the Church must choose ing so nearly a substitute for repose and forward the plans of between Christ and Mars, for the Mind for Peace. We are glad war is everything that Chris- ligion that, if it continues, govto present herewith an article ernments will take precedence written especially for the depart- tianity is not. over the claims of conscience and ment by an outstanding leader in The deep abiding spirit of this line. of faith in God. Christians must Christ and His way of life is ex- not allow patriotism to degener- CHRISTIAN RESPONSIBILITY FOR pressed in the word "love." It includes not only love for God ate into selfish, un-Christlike na- PEACE and love of neighbor but love for tionalism.

Fifteen years ago the former one's enemies. Out of this fun- We should be reminded of the American Chief of Staff, Gener- damental spirit of IQve spring existence of a peace movement al Tasker H. Bliss, said: "The within the Church. Three deresponsibility is entirely on the two Christian concepts: first, professing Christians of the belief in the supreme worth of nominations-the Church of the United States. If another war every human being; and, second, B ret h r e n (or Dunkards) , like the last one should come faith in the brotherhood of man they will be responsible for without regard to race, color or Friends and Mennonites are every drop of blood that will be known as the historic "peace shed." Now that we know more political state. In contrast war churches" because from their beabout how wars are made and ginnings they have opposed" war, understand their far-reaching thrives on hate. It violates hu- man personality and regjments upheld freedom of conscience and have placed allegiance to human beings. Because of the new hatreds and new problems God above allegiance to ea.rthly it creates, war is the relentless rulers. Members of the s e foe of human brotherhood. churches who refuse to partici- pate in war are called "consci- Not only must followers of entious objectors." Very reluc- Christ oppose war because of its repudiation of His teachings, tantly other denominations, in- cluding the Methodists, Congre- but because it seriously inter- gationalists and Christians and [ 602] the Unitarians have asked that

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

the same exemption from com- tion, not a decision, and often that several were on their feet to batant service be accorded their achieves its results better by be- speak simultaneously until time conscientious objectors. The ing an indirect appeal, in the had to be called and the meeting spirit of the early Church, up- form of a discussion among a closed. The participating panel- held by the small historic peace platform group, talking as if ists then took their places at a churches during centuries of spontaneously a m 0 n g them- peace literature table and dis- strife and persecutions, bids fair selves. Sending for an abund- pensed free leaflets and pamph- to become the prevailing force ance of varied peace literature, lets and recommended pay ma- of modern Christendom in its organizing and assigning it to terials to an eager throng. In turn toward the nonviolent way several good woman speakers at the foregoing, the speakers had of Christ. the Lakeside, Ohio, chautauqua, notes (but no manuscript) con- With the coming Christmas last August, the Editor led such cealed beneath the fancy work season it is incumbent upon a panel after this fashion: in their laps. Comments and re- churches and missionary organ- Everything was carefully pre- marks were made all through izations everywhere to make pared but not memorized or redefinite provision in their pro- cited as in a dialogue. Five the talks but not in such a way grams for the proclaiming of women entered and sat down in as to throw the speakers off their a living room scene to do fancy line of thought, as, "I believe Christ as the Prince of Peace. work under soft shaded lamps that too"; "I don't quite agree Every church should have a with you"; "That looks feas- peace committee headed by a while they talked as if sponta- ible," etc. wide-awake, interested chair- neously. The leader explained man. Encourage your paster to her motive in calling these The following literature is preach peace on Armistice Day friends together to counsel with recommended: Sunday, Christmas, Goodwill her on the peace-and-war situa- Day and other appropriate tion, expressing her own trou- The W. I. L. discussion group out- bled confusion of mind. She line, "World Peace the Responsibility dates. First there must be the called on Mrs. A- to give the of the Church," with study packet, will for peace. If your church gist of a private conversation 35 cents. they had had the other day, and has been slow in teaching peace, the latter responded in an eight- "Publication List with Prices," free. minute talk covering the peace "World Citizenship and the Relistrive for an impressive Christ- educational plans mnd methods. gious Program," free. mas program on international "Women's International League for goodwill and for at least one Mrs. B- breaks in at a pre- Peace and Freedom – Programs and program on peace each quarter arranged point and says that is Policies," free. all very well but something more The foregoing may be ordered from during the coming year in the p r act i c a I – something with The Women's International League, 1924 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. church school. The young people "teeth" in it-must be done. She "What Can Christians Do for talks for another brief period on Peace?" by Theodore A. Greene; a will enjoy giving one of the many auxiliary political, legislative sylla.JUs prepared for use by church and organizational methods. discussion groups. 25 cents. excellent peace plays now avail- "Is War the Way?" by John L. Mrs. C-is so full of enthusi- Lobingier; a six-session course for inable. If the will for peace is well asm she can hardly wait to tell dividual reading and church study established in your congregation, of ways for attacking the subject groups. 25 cents. from the purely religious side. then embark upon a plan of ac- "Proposed Roads for Peace," by tion. Study groups are recom- The leader then asks Mrs'. Richard M. Fagley; adult education mended among young people and D-, who has been listening in- series. 35 cents. tently and taking notes from adults to make clear the social time to time, to give the group Order the above three from The Piland economic causes of war- the benefit of her tabulative, sys- grim Press, Boston, Mass. fare and suggest peace action tematic mind; whereupon Mrs. programs and projects. The D- partly talks and partly "The Price of Peace," by E. Guy reads a well organized outline Talbott; a handbook on America's need is great for intelligent international relations. 25 cents. Na- Christians to pioneer in this vi- tional Council for Prevention of War, tal and urgent field of goodwill 532 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. among nations and help the idealistic lovers of peace to keep "Thinking It Through," by Evelyn R. their feet on the gI'ound through Nicholson; a discussion on World practical achievements. Peace. 10 cents. Methodist Book Concern, New York. MRS. OLIVE SMITH BOWMAN, of the things churches, young people's groups, Sunday schools, "Youth Action in Building a War- Pennsylvania State Chairman of women's missionary organiza- less World." 15 cents. International Religious Contacts Committee, Council of Religious Education, 203 Women's International League tions, clubs and community citi- N. Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. for Peace and Freedom. "What Shall We Do About War,"

zens in general can do. by Sherwood Eddy and Kirby Page.

The leader then rises and ad- 15 cents. Eddy and Page, 347 Madi- son Ave., New York. dresses the audience for the first PLANS AND MATERIALS time, asking them f,or their re- List of Material and Suggestions The Department Editor has for Exhibits, free. found the panel discussion one "Peace Action" – a monthly paper of the best ways of arousing in- action upon the subject. giving news and suggestions for prac- tical action. 5 cents per copy. Order the above two, also a variety terest and spreading informa- The Lakeside audience as rep- of plays and pageants, from The Na- tion. This form of discussion resented in the women's club, tional Council for the Prevention of aims at education and inspira- was so enthusiastic and eager War, 532 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

"Suggested Selections for Programs Prevention of War (address as pre- God's great gift to us. (The use of a for Armistice Day, Good Will Day viously given). Christmas tree on which each story- and Other Peace Days," for Sunday "Christ Is Born in Bethlehem"- teller places a large gold star to repschools, elementary schools and high beautiful nativity play introducing resent her field adds to the interest.) schools, free. American Interracial prophets, shepherds, kings, angels and For a woman's missionary meeting. Peace Committee, 20 S. 12th St., Phil- a chorus singing familiar carols. Open meeting by singing "Hark, the adelphia, Pa. Three scenes, 16 or more characters. Herald Angels Sing," followed with 50 cents. Woman's Press, 600 Lex- prayer. Christmas carols played on Much is being attempted by ington Ave., New York. "Eagerheart"-Christmas play suit- the Qrgan are echoed to adjoining lec- able for use on Sunday evening. Fifthe Youth Division of the Emer- teen or more characters. 1% hours. ture room where audience is seated. gency Peace Compaign, in which Chappel and Co., 41 E. 34th St., New Devotional period culminates in cornet solo, "Silent Night." Van Dyke's more than 225 college men and Christmas story, "Let Us Go Even women spent two months last York. unto Bethlehem," is told or read; summer organizing, instructing "Long Ago in Judea" -unusual then a mother holding her baby reads working over of the Christmas nar- a Christmas poem. At this time the and stimulating people all over rative. Two scenes. Seventeen char- room is darkened and a star shines the U. S. to work for peace. acters. 30 cents. Samuel French, 25 out revealing the spirits of Christ, They tried to "strengthen the W. 45th St., New York. Love and Service bringing gifts. A pacific alternatives to war, make Similar list of 60 good Christmas lighted cross brings to view a small political and eoonomic changes dramatizations, also lists of Easter, Christmas tree covered with tinsel but Children's Day, Thanksgiving, tem- no ornaments. During singing the necessary for a just and peace- three spirits distribute to audience ful world order, and unite in one perance, stewardship, Mothers' Diy, tiny white stockings. Place offerings dynamic movement all those in- Home and Foreign mission and gen- in these and marching to the tree, dividuals and organization.s will- eral plays and pageants in a pamph- hang stockings on it, thus decorating ing to work against war . . . tree and receiving the offering. A SQ- let entitled "Catalog of Plays and cial hour mav follow. They plan to work on 1,000 col- Pageants," a veritable treasure house lege campuses in the U. S. Twen- of usable material. 10 cents. Send "Christmas Around the World." to The Baptist Board of Education, This program consisted of tableaux Department of Missionary Education, behind a large veiled frame, giving the ty-five field secretaries covering 152 Madison Avenue, New York. appearance of a picture. A chorus of every state in the union will re- women sang the accompanying carol . cruit volunteers for next sum- Program Suggestions: while tableau was being shown and mer's program – peace patrol between tableaux. (1) Carol, "God "The Life of Christ in Song." teams to do work in the commu- Hymns and songs given by young Rest Ye, Merry Gentlemen." Tableau, nities surrounding the colleges." people, with appropriate Christmas (Woman's Home Missions.) Try readings between each two numbers. six carollers grouped around tall Eng- lish lamp post, holding books and ap- "Tuning in on Christmas." Plat- pearing to sing. (2) Carol, "Tannento have your church young peo- form arranged to represent broadcast- baum." Tableau, The Home of the ple link themselves up with this ing studio with microphone, etc. Christmas Tree. A little German boy Leader taking part of announcer and girl, each with a toy, stand near promising movement. stands at microphone as program be- lighted tree, a table, chair, etc., add- PLAYS AND PAGEANTS gins, her opening announcement in- ing home touch. Joy is the theme. cluding call letters suitable for the (3) Carol, "Silent Night." Tableau, particular group and statement that a Among suitable plays and pa- Christmas program is about to be A Christmas Eve Midnight Service in geants for Christmas meetings broadcast from the studio (place of France. An altar with cross and are the following: lighted candles in center of picture meeting) . As each number is an- suggests cathedral interior. Worship- nounced the person taking the part pers kneel in prayer. (4) Carol, "A Christmas Car 0 1" – original should be ready to step to the micro- "While Shepherds Watched Their dramatization of Dickens' charming phone that there may be no awkward Flocks by Night." Tableau, Christstory portraying the true Christmas pauses. Announcer reminds audience mas in a Chinese Mission. American spirit. 20 characters. 1112 hours. 35 at the start that there can be no missionary seated holding open Christcents. Christmas obt':ervation where the mas box from which she is handing Christ story is unknown and that the out gifts to Chinese girls grouped "Christmas for All Nations"-intro- program will bring messages from around. Use Chinese costumes, furducing children of all nationalities our representatives who are telling nishings, curios. Fine for stressing who describe their customs and be- the Story around the world. (This White Cross gifts. liefs. 15 or more young folks. 40 plan fine for incorporating material minutes. 25 cents. (5) Carol, "Up on the Housetop."

Order these two from March from THE REVIEW and denominational Tableau, Christmas in the U. S. Little Brothers, 208 Wright Ave., Lebanon, missionary magazines.) boy and girl in night clothes peek Ohio. "The Real Christmas Tree" (Tree through door watching Santa Claus "A Christmas Mystery"-finest of of Life). Its branches spread over empty his pack in front of fireplace. Christmas songs and carols sung by all lands and its leaves are "for the Lighted tree at side. (6) Carol, "The audience while Christmas story is healing of the nations." After song First Noel." Tableau, Unity in presented in pantomime culminating service of the familiar music, read Adoration. Manger scene. Carol is in final tableau. 15 cents. Isaiah 9: 6 and the Christmas story sung as introduction preceding show- as told by Luke, followed by the sing- ing of picture. When curtains are "At the Door of the Inn" – good reader and 30 or more characters. ing of "Hark, the Herald. Angels drawn at close of scene, audience joins 1 % hours. 20 cents. Sing." Leader points out that as our in singing "In Him There Is No East Order these from The Pilgrim missionaries tell the Christmas story Nor West." Press, Boston, Mass. . they see the fulfilment of the promise, All the foregoing suggestions are "Around the World with Santa "light and life to all He brings." Sev- taken from "Progr~m Pointers," a Claus"-American boy and girl per- eral members then tell (not read) mimeographed sheet issued monthly suade Santa to take them on his jour- stories of the work at home and by Miss Elizabeth I. Fensom, Program ney around the world, a typical scene abroad (see THE REVIEW and denom- Secretary, Baptist Council on Finance in each country thus visited being inational leaflets). Close with hymn, and Promotion, 152 Madison Ave., shown. Four adults, 10 or more chil- "In Christ There Is No East nor New York City. Subscription price, dren. 10 cents. National Council for West" and prayer of gratitude for 25 cents per year.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK Bring an Old and Crippled Prayer home life, why Mary and the Child '!When wilt Thou save thy peo- angels sang, why the Shepherds ple, Lord?" When we behold and wise men came bringing Alfred Noyes in "A Spell (An gifts. May no Christmas gift of Excellent Way to Get a F'airy)" the wonder of the Christ-child, ours to the children be unworthy leads one through man's various born among good, poor folk and of thee, the gift from God. For attempts to capture the quality the sake of the little children of in life often symbolized by "a outside an inn, and consider the world, help us to consecrate fairy." Each unsuccessful trial, what the life of our Lord Jesus ourselves to Thee and thy Way he concludes with the words, Christ has meant to us and of Life. Amen. myriads like us, and then re- If this fail, at break of day, member before thee, our sin Call to the Twelfth Conference There remains a better way. against thy love and sin against on the Cause and Cure of War our fellowmen – yea, neglecting The "Spell" is concluded by The Twelfth Annual Conferwords, the wisdom of which even the little ones of our own neighborhood, we cry for thy cannot be escaped, and the coun- loving kindness! "Be merciful ence on the Cause and Cure of sel of which few persons accept unto us, and bless us." War will take place in Chicago, lest someone call them "foolish!" Cause us to see and serve the at the Palmer House, January But during the "Christ-child" children, Lord, not only those of 26-29, 1937. The theme will be festival, we seem more free than our own household but even "Today in Peace and War" and at other times. Our hearts are these little old ones who are crip- delegates from the eleven namore gentle and our wills are pled and wizened at seven. Keep tional organizations of American more swift to perform lovely us from shirking our responsi- women participating in the Conacts. The poet in his "Excellent bility for these hurt children. ference will consider the barriway to get a fairy" suggests that Make us see the futility of bring- ers to international cooperation, we act so- ing children into the world only and the building up of effective Bring an old and crippled child to spoil and despoil them. Help peace machinery. Some of the Ah, tread softly, on tiptoe!- us to do what we can to feed highlights will be the "Interro- them-clothe them-leave them gation Luncheons," the Univer- Tattered, tearless, wonder-wild, "for an hour alone." Teach us sity of Chicago Round Table, and From that underworld below, how to tell them aright the the Marathon Round Tables Bring a wizened child .of seven meaning of this saying, We will luncheon. The number of dele- Reeking from the City slime, Out of hell into your heaven, Set her knee-deep in the thyme. listen, Lord. Thou art the Way gates allocated to the church Feed her-clothe her-even so! -the Truth-the Life! Thou groups, is only two hundred. Set her on a fairy throne. hast said we all must be more Register early. The fee is $5.00 When her eyes begin to glow childlike in order to enter payable at the Conference. For Leave her for an hour-alone. Heaven. Teach us the stories of the first time the Conference is And then Noyes concludes "A the Christ-child, of his early to be held in the Middle. West thus enabling many Spell" with the assur- ance that women to attend who Though her head have been unable to be old and wise, got 0 Washington.

You shall know Please write immedi- that she has ately either to the For- seen them eign Missions Confer- By the glory in ence, 156 Fifth her eyes. Ave., New and that ….. ———– York, N. Y., or When she lifts her THE ONLY CHIUSTMAS THIS MIGRANT FAMILY WILL HAVE The Council of head and sings, ., Women for Home Mi s- You shall h ear sions, 105 East and un der- 22d St., N. Y. stand.

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Introducing Miss Lowry old friendships strengthened. remedied the difficulty or made And I thank you one and all. On October 15, your editor the matter understandable as a "The work lies in what I call closed gently the doors on the the religious-social area, diverse part of the process of growth last five years of "life and work," enough in factors and flexible and turned toward the new paths enough in form (although thirty and change. True, there has not ahead. Of first importance is years old) to be considered a the remarkable fact that on the genuine 'laboratory' for effective been eough financial resources to same day Miss Edith E. Lowry, Christian service. In this area my associate in the work of the of service are definitely new care for advance in work which forms of cooperation among Council of Women for Home quite different church groups; seemed essential. That has MissioLs, became Executive Sec- also, there are unified programs retary, and the new Editor of caused the Executive Secretary the Bulletin, and Miss Charlotte EDITH E. LOWRY Mary Burnham became 'concern' both in the general and Associate Secretary. secured through the coordina- tion of varied social skills and the Indian work. Nevertheless, What may be called resources, and other programs in the making; and the cowork- each year has seen advance in "full tide of life" moves ers are consecrated Christian through all the work of leaders. If asked to do so, I the conception that this interdethe Council of Women for could make specific the descrip- Home Missions. It seems tion of the area just given. nominational work is denominato the Editor, signs of tional responsibility. Many good health that her resig- "The program of work places nation could take place in ~ clear emphasis on the functions -, of you receive me as a June, that a Committee on of the Christian Church _with a program rather than per- mission to proclaim the Gospel member of your own de- of the true way of life. Organi- nomination, reporting to sonnel was named, that zational difficulties, personality the new Executive Secre- clashes, financial worries, have your membership either tary could accept a ready during the years found secondadjustment to be made in ary emphasis, except occasion- in person at Annual Meetthe set-up of the work ally, and then the good spiritual ings or Institutes, or by (Miss Lowry continues to health of the whole work SDon direct the Migrant Work) written reports. And this and that the farewell has greatly helped in the luncheon was also the wel- work of the Council .of come luncheon to the newly elected secretaries. Women for Home Mis- The last days were like a sions. prolonged festival wit h friends – flo w e r sand "The work is one of ingifts, laughter and tears, creasing com i t y among and altogether of more significance t han words the Boards. It was thrill- ing to come into a work can tell. In response to the gra- which was closing a Five- Year Period of Survey cious and witty expression of appreciations at the Luncheon and Adjustment (and adfollowing the last Administrative j ustments had actually Committee meeting, your Editor gave briefly an explanation of taken place); and now to her personal satisfaction in the have participated in a secresponsibilities that had been ond period of five-year hers since January, 1932. planning known as Strat- In introducing Miss Edith Lowry to you, the brief explana- egy and Planning for adtion is again given on request: vance on the whole task "The work of the Executive of the church. Then, too, the beginnings of coordi- Secretary of the Council of Women for Home Missions has nation in pro g ram of been one of teaching, preaching, w r i tin g and administrative four interdenominational work, both on the field, as we bodies as shown in the acsay, and at h e a d qua r t e r s. tive Inter-Council Fie I d Through this work, many new friendships have been made, and Committee indicates, at the very least, the will to good spiritual health of Protestant church forces. And this took place when national life was characterized by what we call 'the depres- sion.' " You will find the Editor at home, The Westchester, 4000 Cathedral Avenue, Washington, D. C. ANNE SEESHOLTZ.

*** The Annual Meeting of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions, including the National Conference on the City Church will be held at the Berkeley Carteret Hotel, Asbury Park, New Jersey, January 11-14, 1937.

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO NORTH AMERICA single persons; and single lower Scripture Hunger in Virginia Cutting Suicide Rate than' widowed or divorced per- A group of Christian workers last year opened a Sunday school Some one in the United States sons. -Literary Digest. in an abandoned church near commits suicide every half-hour. Beldor, Virginia, in the Blue Annually, for thirty years; 20,- Boys' Gospel Team Ridge mountains. Last May, ac- 000 persons have taken their companied by a minister, they lives; 40,000 more have tried The Asheville Farm School for held a service at the mountain and failed. But The Spectator, Boys has a Gospel Team. Five home of a cripple, when 66 were insurance agents' magazine, es- active, and eleven associate present. This cripple promised, timates that suicides had ebbed members have divided into three if he knew when the minister to 17,000 in 1935, lowest number groups for the work for the fol- would return, to have 100 presin ten years. Next to economic lowing month. One group is ent. Two weeks later, 104 came. upturn, the chief factor in this working on the morning devo- The next visit, a week later, was decrease is the National Save-a- tions program, the second group rewarded with an attendance of Life League. Ministering to 400 on the program for the young over 150. People came from would-be suicides. a month, Doc- people at Marshall, and the third various directions, while only tor Harry W. Warren, the presi- on the program for the mission- one house is visible from the dent, has saved 30,000 persons ary society at Farm School. The place where the meeting is held. since he founded his organiza- boys have set a definite goal to tion thirty years ago. work toward, and are trying for One family living more than vast improvement over last year. four miles away has not missed Some cases require medical or a service since the work began. psychiatric treatment; others -Owl and Spade. The parents and two of the chillegal or financial aid. Last year, dren walk, while the three staff workers called on 1,387 Helping the "Share Croppers" smaller ones are placed on an old Greater New York homes where mule, which the father leads. suicide had been committed, Moved by the suffering of the 1,991 homes where it had been "share croppers" in the South, The best pew is a flat board attempted. Sherwood Eddy, from funds about six inches wide, and many raised by appeal, purchased over in the audience are seated on Dr. F. L. Hoffman, statistician 2,000 acres of rich delta land in round poles about six or seven attached to the University of the State of Mississippi, and has inches in diameter. The work- Pennsylvania, has clipped sui- invited dispossessed families· to ers say they have never seen cide items for 25 years and come and settle, in cooperative such a hunger for Scripture makes the following deductions: communities. These poor peo- truth. the west coast had a rate nearly ple, largely Negroes, who have double that of the New England cultivated small sections of land -Moody Institute Monthly. states. of large owners under a share system, have been so systemati- Increased Gifts Suicides, depressed by winter cally ground by the owners that discouragements, tend to pick they have joined hands in self- For the first time since 1929, summer and late spring for their defence, and have as a result one year's contributions of the acts. been evicted from their tenan- local churches of the Presby- cies. The whole South seems to terian Church in the U. S. A. Men make up three-quarters be suffering from the evils of showed an increase of more of the deaths. Main cause: busi- this sharecropping system, and than $1,000,000 during the year ness failure. But girls, more this effort to help them on a ending March 31, 1936. The often than boys up to the age of large scale on a cooperative plan 8,975 local churches contributed nineteen, take their lives. Main is described by one expert as $36,801,474. This is a gain of cause: unrequited love. Up to "on the verge of the biggest $1,082,943 over the preceding thirty-nine, only one-half to one- thing in human welfare in this year, which had registered an third as many women commit country. The possibilities of increase of $421,304 over the suicide as do men; beyond forty, this constructive program are year ended March 31, 1934. only one-sixth. Married people staggering." From 1929 to 1934 an annual show a lower suicide rate than decrease had been reported. -United Church Review.

[607 ]

More communicant members bution of higher education un- paths to that highway and the were added during the year, der Christian auspices to such outside world. There are almost both on profession of faith and conservation; the responsibility no doctors, only a few schools, on certificates of transfer from of the Presbyterian Church in and only six churches, three other churches, than in the pre- the U. S. A. to play its part in Baptist and three Catholic. Lack ceding year. Additions on pro- making this indispensable confession totaled 78,207 and on tribution to the conservation of of Christian education have left certificate 43,940. these spiritual values." these people debased and degen- erate in the extreme. Of the $36,801,474 contributed -Presbyterian Banner. by the local churches, $25,539,- -So S. Times. 999 was used for local congregational expenses. Gifts to benevo- A "Million Unit Fellowship" Moody Still Speaks lence causes made by living givers amounted to $4,852,481. The Methodist Episcopal About forty-two years ago Per capita the church gave for Church, comprising 4,000,000 Dwight L. Moody founded the all purposes $19.18, which is 62 communicants in the U. S. and Bible Institute Colportage Assocents more than during the pre- I,UOO,OOO in 40 mission fields, ciation of Chicago. The extent ceding year. is launching a new movement to which this service of the to be known as the "Million Unit printed page has grown is shown -Presbyterian Tribune. in the latest annual report of the Fellowship." Plans for Presbyterian association. During the past fis- Centennial The purposes are: (1) the in- cal year, the association has pub- spiration and renewal of per- lished and distributed no less On June 24th the Presbyterian sonal devotion to the ideals, life than 4,184,357 copies of its own General Council, meeting in pUblications, (a gain of nearly Philadelphia, adopted several and social standards of Christ; basic principles to be followed (2) to mobilize the resources of 450,000 copies over 1935), bein the raising of $1,000,000 or sides the sale of thousands upon less for the world-wide work of the church for study of, and ac- thousands of Bibles, books and the church and $10,000,000 or tion· upon, the social and eco- magazines printed by other less for Christian higher educa- nomic problems of the day; (3) evangelical publishers. All this tion; among them the following: the stabilizing of Methodist literature was dis t rib ute d opinion in support of the "Chris- throughout the United States (1) That the centennial cele- tian Way" and (4) the renewal and several foreign countries as bration of the Board of Foreign of personal devotion among a missionary effort. Those re- Missions is primarily inspira- ceiving free literature include tional and educational, and that Methodists to the world mission prisoners, patients in federal, the financial aspects of the cen- of the church. state and city hospitals and santennial will be subordinated to atoriums, children in mountain these primary purposes. (2) Bishop Frederick T. Keeney, and pioneer schools, seamen on That during the calendar year . ocean vessels, young men in CCC 1937 the Board of Foreign Mis- who is Director of the new Fel- camps, and the neglected peoples sions in presenting its financial lowship, says: of Alaska, Africa, India, Latin program will make reference to America, the Philippines, Spain the "Capital Purposes Fund" of "So far as the 4,000,000 comthe Boards of Christian Educa- municants of the Methodist and French Louisiana. Teachers tion and National Missions Episcopal Church are concerned in 115 mountain counties rewhich is to be raised in the three ceived during the year 210,696 following calendar years, 1938- and three to four million other copies of the Gospel of John 40. (3) During the calendar persons who are the natural conyears 1936 and 1937 a publicity stituency of our church, we are approach to the church will be going to try for the spontaneous, made by the Boards of Christian creative and internal type of or- Education and National Mis- dered living." sions in reference to the "Capital Purposes Fund" which is to The Sabine Field (with helps) for their scholars, be sought in the three years fol- together with 82,881 colportage lowing. This approach will be against a background of "con- An area known as the "deep books and 72,858 Evangel book7 servation of the spiritual values woods of the Sabine River bot- lets, and to those scholars who which are necessary to the pres- tom," lying between Louisiana read the Gospel of John and ervation of American democ- and Texas, has a population al- memorized selected passages, racy; the free church in the free most as needy as the dwarfs of 47,561 New Testaments and state; the indispensable contri- darkest Africa. On the Texas Pocket Treasurys were given as side of the Sabine River the rewards. These teachers re- Spanish language is spoken; on port about 250 conversions, and the Louisiana side there are some many others have been estab- 6,000 people speaking English. lished in their faith.

They are a people apart. The Gospel car "Evangel" has There are settlements in the visited sixty-seven cities and "deep woods" that are only fif- towns of Florida, Georgia and teen miles from the highways, the Carolinas during the year, but in which are men and women traveled over 5,000 miles, and who have rarely, if ever, ridden participated in 238 services.

or walked through the wood -The Presbyterian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK '609

Carville Leper Hospital Weare not faced with illiteracy- and asked for prayer that they nearly all can read. TJley seem to Dr. H. E. Hasseltine, Director have learned to read in some extraor- may find Christ. of the Leper Hospital at Car- dinary way – how, I do not know. -So S. Times. ville, La., says that a leper can Weare working among a people who come anonymously, change his cover an area greater than that of Seven Year Campaign name while at the Hospital, and, the British Isles, where there is only if cured, leave the place to re- one Mission Station working among The Latin American Prayer sumehis real identity, his ex- two or three thousand people, the maperience never to be known out- jority of whom are inaccessible. Yet Fellowship is undertaking to side of the hospital's secret a large proportion of them come to records. When patients wish to the Mission Station at least once a place a Gospel and a tract in conceal their identity, the hos- year when in the city to obtain suppital authorities cooperate. plies. Then we bring to them the every home in Mexico, in a syste- Word of God. We do not yet have the Since. the founding of the in- whole Bible in Eskimo. . matic house-to-house visitation. stitution, 1,130 lepers have been sent (or gone voluntarily) to They expect to complete this Carville. The inmates are :from 37 states. Four states have each task within seven years. The furnished more than 100. These are: Louisiana, 507; California, work began with three weeks of 158; Texas, 121, and New York, LATIN AMERICA prayer and preparation. One 10l. SJnce 1921, 196 lepers have leader tested the plan in the been paroled, apparently well. Conversion of a Merchant fanatical town of Patzcuaro. Thirty others, also apparently cured, remained voluntarily. Of Don Feliciano is a general In two days over two hundred these.;sent out apparently well, Dr. Hasseltine said, 23 have re- merchant in the Indian village homes were visited, and men and turned with active leprosy. women gladly accepted the Since 1921, 235 have run away. of Cacahuatepec, in an isolated Eighty-five of these are recorded Word. -So S. Times. as still "out," Dr. Hasseltine section of Oaxaca, Mexico. To said, although it is known that some of them have died. get needed medical treatment he Ingathering in Guatemala traveled by airplane and bus to Marked advance is reported in the work among the Quiche Puebla, and during his stay Indians of Guatemala. Las t February there were twenty- started reading a book that eight professions of faith. Two weeks later, at Huehuetanango, gripped him. After returning more than fifty Indians joined the church. During the week home he wrote to Dr. F. L. preceding Easter nineteen more Meadows (medical missionary, became active Christians. In May there were thirteen at in Puebla), asking for a copy Barillas, twenty-one at Retal- hulen, and seven at the dedica- of this book. It was a transla- tion of a new chapel. In three tion of Paul Kanamori's "Three months Rev. Paul Burgess saw 167 publicly dedicate themselves Hour Sermon," which covers to Christ. His own congrega- tion, at Quezaltenango, became the whole scheme of salvation. so large that a new church edi- fice had to be built. Other books followed this one. -The Presbyterian. Czechoslovak Center-Chfcag9 He wrote that he had been a slave to his own ignorance, but At the annual Czechoslovak that now he was free and could Baptist Con v e n t ion of the talk to others on religion. A United States and Canada, held year later Don Feliciano re- in a Czechoslovak church in Chi- turned to Puebla, and on a Sun- cago, several thousand dollars day night in the Baptist church were collected for missionary publicly accepted Christ as his work which the Convention is Saviour. He has now asked an un~ertaking in America, Can- evangelist to come to his little town. -Missions. ada, Czechoslovakia and Poland. Evangelical Work in Paraguay This meeting commemorated 40 Hopeful Signs years of Czechoslovak Baptist It is hoped that the end of the Senor Gonzalez, the secretary Chaco war will allow Christian work in America. to President Cardenas, in an enterprises to go forward un- open letter to Mexican Catholics, hamperea, but the chan,ge to Chicago is a great Czecho- insists that the Catholic clergy military government may cause are inconsistent in demanding some embarrassment to evanslovak center, as 300,000 Czecho- liberties that they cannot, ac- gelical missions, and there is a cording to their dogmas, grant possibility that the religious slovaks live there, and there are to others. He says: "The gov- question will be handled after ernment guarantees to every- the Mexican model. On the seven Czechoslovak B apt i s t body the free exercise of his re- whole, 'however, Evangelicals are ligious beliefs." satisfied with the favorable aschurches, with eleven meeting surances that have been given -Missions. Christian work is now permit- them. Evangelical work in places. ted among "the 5,000 prisoners Paraguay is limited in extent, of the penitentiary in Mexico. but that among the Indians in In Baffin Land One visitor has a list of 120 who the Chaco has acquired :awide have 'accepted 'Gospel potitions, Baffin Land, probably the northernmost of all missionstations, is one of 128 countries to which tl1eScriptureGift Missitm has sent the Bible. Speaking of Scripture distribution there, Mr. Duncan says:

reputation. Evangelistic effort, eign territories, notably in Sene- mit. In these there are more social activity and a mission gal, New Caledonia, Tahiti, than 1,500 scholars, and over among lepers are all represented, and the Loyalty Islands in the 150 teachers.-The Christian. and the International College in South Seas, where, as in Madathe capital is one of the best of gascar, it took over the missions Protestants in Bulgaria such institutions in South Amer- founded by English, American ica. and Norwegian Societies. After Protestantism is stronger and the War, it shared with Amer- more progressive in Bulgaria Vital Work of Bible Societies ican missions the German mis- than in any other Balkan state. sionary work in the mandated The Bible School grew out of a The British and Foreign Bible Cameroun territory. Some of Bib 1e Conference supported Society has been at work in its missionaries labor in Togo- annually for twenty-five years Chile for almost a century; the land and on the Ivory Coast. by the Bible Lands Missions' Aid American Bible Society joined Society. It has two sectionsthem later. Their remarkable -The Life of Faith. one for the training of Biblecirculation of the Bible has led women (some of whom are pasa zealous priest, the Rev. Cosme The Bible in Germany tors' wives); and a three-year Julien, to urge the Archbishop Biblical Theological Seminary of Chile toward a nation-wide The German Bible Societies course for pastors. In the five campaign of preaching based on had a remarkable year in 1934. years of its history, fifty-five stuthe Bible. A Chilean correspond- Persecution has driven the peo- dents have enrolled, and many ent for the Presbyterian Banner ple to the Scriptures. In face of are now working effectually for says: "I have just received a repressive measures of the Hit- Christ as ordained pastors, itin- Roman Catholic edition of the ler regime on churches and the erant evangelists, or lay workfour Gospels which bears the ministry, the Bavarian Society ers. imprimatur of the Bishop of issued 15,269 Bibles as against Argentina. In the introduction 11,970 the preceding year; the There is an annual summer to this attractive little Biblical Saxony Society, 46,994 against school, to which over 100 pasmanual the Bishop writes: 'To 31,062; the Prussian, 169,762 tors and Christian workers make the reading of the word of 'againist 138,990, and the Wurt- gather for a season of Bible God easy is to prepare the way temberg, 844,383 against 715,- study and Christian fellowship. of the Lord. Heaven grant that 542. -Christianity Today. it may reach the hands of the -The Christian. people and great numbers of The Church in Poland them. There is no other way of Polish Jews' Demands reconquering the w 0 rid for The annual conference of mis- Christ.' " sionaries and delegates from the The Jews of Poland have re- indigenous churches in Poland, cently made ten demands of the EUROPE connected with the Russian Mis- government. Among these de- sionary Society, was held this mands are (1) That the name Paris Evangelical Society year at Lutsk. "Christian" shall not be used in any inscription where Jews and For the first time in thirty The conference, which is held Gentiles live side by side; (2) years, with the exception of as much for the teaching and in- that the Jewish Sabbath shall be 1915-16, the Paris Evangelical spiration of the workers, and for officially recognized and that the Foreign Missionary Society has the preaching of the Gospel, as Jews shall have the right to conclosed a year without a deficit. for the conduct of business, cov- duct their businesses on Sunday Pastor Andre Monod writes: "It ered a full week. as if it were a workday; (3) is no longer a question of ampu- that schoolbooks objectionable tating our work; we are able on The record showed that over to the Jews shall be prohibited the contrary to send out all our thirty mission stations had been from the schools; (4) that the missionaries on leave and to send opened during the year, and that title "Christian" as applied to out the indispensable reinforce- there were thirty-four new land, nationality, or church shall ments." workers. The total membership be totally prohibited. is now over 9,000, and the num- This Mission has a long his- ber of evangelists, preachers -World Outlook. tory behind it. At a time when and workers is about 250, most Protestant missions were for- of whom are supported by in- AFRICA bidden in French Colonies the digenous churches. During the Society, founded in 1822, was year these raised a large sum of Cooperation in Egypt given an opening in British money for the support of the South Aft;ica, where it estab- workers, and the maintenance of Rev. E. G. Parry, of Cairo, lished stations in Basutoland, the girls' orphanage at Constan- writes in the C. M. S. Outlook and later in Southern Rhodesia; cin. Sixty-nine Sunday schools that churches in Egypt are beand when the way was open, are now established, but there is coming more and more unity started missions in French for- need for many more, which can conscious, and that so fal:! as pos- be opened as soon as funds per- sible the two great missionary societies in Egypt, the American

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Presbyterian Mission and the Literacy-Test of Progress further training before being C. M. S. have so arranged their in Egypt placed in little churches in the work that there shall be no over- Illiteracy in Egypt is slowly district." -C. M. S. Outlook. lapping. decreasing. In 1917 the census The E gyp tInter – Mission showed that less than 10 per cent New Church at Nshinga Council, formed in 1920, has of men and only 5 per cent of done most valuable work and, women could read. Ten years Christians of Nshinga, Portuthrough its Committee on "Mis- later (1927) the census showed guese Congo, now have their sions and Government," has that 17.5 per cent of men and 2 own substantial house of worbeen able to present a united per cent of women were literate. ship. In 1932 there was but one front on many questions. Today Egypt has a national Christian there; today there are eighty-eight loyal followers Under the inspiration of the An- school system largely through of Christ. At the first service in glican Native Church, effective work the new building four hundred is being undertaken with members of the generosity and interest of the late King Fuad. Thirty-nine and fifty people were' present to the Coptic Church among both Moslems, and Copts. This is chiefly a lay dailies and 257 journals are pub- share in the dedication of this movement, led by the Secretary of the new church. Several incidents C. M. S., an Egyptian priest and an lished. A new book comes off gave the occasion special signifievangelist from Old Cairo Hospital. the press every day. Illiteracy is A group of Anglican and Coptic lay- not an unsurmountable bar to in- cance. A boy of about twe!ve men are being trained to preach and struction, for, as in seventeenth- recited the whole of the Scripto conduct services in village homes ture lesson faultlessly in excelin districts where there is no church century Eng 1and, the fluent lent Portuguese, and a woman within close distance. The work is shared with four men in the extending, and there is a children's reader reads aloud to illiterate singing of a special hymn. meeting run by English and Egyp- groups in coffee houses, shops, private houses, or even in the tians from the Old Cairo Hospital. street. The desire for general The service was not without literacy is growing, and Egyp- its touches of African humor. Fellowship of Unity tian women are demanding The paramount chief was pres- It is some seventeen years schools, equal educational privi- ent, and expressed in a speech leges for girls and marriage re- the joy of himself and his people since the Fellowship of Unity forms. The Egyptian Univer- at possessing at last a prayer- sity has 2,500 students; Govern- house of their own. "But our was inaugurated in Egypt as a ment secondary schools, 16,000 bell is cracked and won't ring. students; high schools, 4,100 What about a new one?" he means of cooperation for the students, and Al Azhar Univer- asked. Quite determined to members of all the Christian sity, 2,600 students. strike while the iron was hot, a communities. It has regularly little later he preferred another -World Survey. request. "What about a docheld services where all the Chris- tor?" He seemed to' think that tian churches, with the exception A New Opening one could produce a church bell of the Roman Catholic, have and a medical man at will. worshiped together. Three years New work has been opened up in Kibondo, an isolated place -C. M. S. Outlook. ago the united service was cele- about 150 miles from Kigoma. brated in the Armenian Church The people are primitive, but Quick Results in Nigeria in Cairo, in 1934, in the Greek ready to listen to the Gospel. Orthodox Cathedral and in No- The ruler of the district is a A native evangelist has revember, 1935, in the Coptic Or- woman, very intelligent, and cently started work among the Eggon people in the district thodox Cathedral of St. Mark. No less than eight Archbishops and Bishops were present on this last occasion, and clergy from French, Lutheran, Anglican, friendly towards the mission- around Lafiya, connected with American, Greek and Scottish aries. She and her husband are the Sudan United Mission. One Protestant churches. The Cop- Moslems; but she is a "hearer," of the first results appeared tic Choir opened with a hymn, although her husband at present when a great man among the which together with the thanks- shows no interest in the Chris- fetish worshipers cam e, and giving prayer that followed, de- tian message. One of the work- with his wife asked the evanlivered in Arabic by the Coptic ers writes: gelist to help him to burn his Bishop of Beni Suef, are from "We have many out-schools idols. After this open profession the ancient Coptic Liturgy. All with African teachers in charge, of faith in Christ, the convert joined in the Lord's Prayer, and we are hoping to train asked that his son-in-law, who made unusually impressive by young evangelists each year. lived two days' journey away, the unique appeal of French, Only this week eight young men might be visited and told. As a English, Armenian, G r e e k, have been placed with good result he, too, asked that his Egyptian and German spoken teachers for twelve months' ex- fetishes should be destroyed, simultaneously. The address perience, after having had three while yet a third idolater folwas given by the Wakeel of the months' training. When they lowed suit. In this district a Patriarch on the subject of the have gained this practical ex- number of raw pagans who are reunion of Christendom. perience they will come in for being trained by the Government

as schoolmasters, are attending the spiritual life inth~ . whole enable the Protestant churches the missionary meetings. sec t ion has been. g rea t I y strengthened and· enriched ; to present a united front in their -The Life of Faith. many have been restored and many: others have been encour- governmental and other public Appreciation of Missions aged· to desire to return to the relations, and to unify the treat- Lord. -Congo Mission News. ment of legal matters. In eccle- The Governor General of the siastical and doctrinal matters Belgian Congo has expressed his WESTERN ASIA the different units composing the sincere appreciation of the excel- synod will retain independence. lent work performed by Prot- Christian School Contacts estant missions, and emphasized Social Changes in Iran the importance of their medical Two of the six members of the work done in cooperation with graduating class at Aleppo, Mrs. Cady Allen, Presbyterian the Government. He thanked Syria, Presbyterian High School missionary in Kermanshah. tells missions for the service they are girls. This may not seem how radically social life has were rendering to the colony, worthy of mention, but probably changed in Iran. and commented on the fine no, other high school in Syria Christian character of many of can make the same boast. Also, Men and their wives call and rethe Congo converts. He further two are Moslem boys; both will ceive callers to gether. At first it all assured the Council that no con- be speakers on the commence- seemed delightfully new and interestfessional discrimination would ment program, one in Arabic and ing, out I soon began to realize that be exercised in the choice of can- the other in French. Th~ father the men made most of the conversadidates for the medical schools of one of· them was a prisoner tion, the hostess was always too busy at Leopoldville or elsewhere, and during the recent nationalist serving the guests to sit down and Protestant boys attending these demonstrations in Syria. The really visit with us. Lately I have schools would be able to follow other is a nephew of one of the been to several parties where just their own religious instruction. high officials in the Department ladies were present, and they have all of Education. One of the great- seemed to enjoy the greater freedom The Governor does not con- est. ~periences these two Mos- and informality, for as yet they are sider the Evangelical Church in lemboys have ever had is their not at ease in mixed crowds. I am the; Congo strong enough to being in a class with two very glad for the removal of the veil be– $tand on its own feet. If, for nice Christian girls. cause I have felt quite a change in aIiy reason, the missionaries some of my friends-it seems as were recalled at this time to Moslem Morality League though they feel closer to us, more their own countries, leaving open and ready to take us into their their converts to struggle alone, A Morality Lea g u e, with lives, more ready to share with us native Christians would not long branches in the towns and vil- their problems. When I visited one withstand the backward pull of lages of Palestine, has been of my veiled friends, or walked with paganism. formed by Moslems under the her on the street, however near and name of "Do and Don't," to dear we might be to each other, there Church Discipline in the Congo maintain the purity of public was a difference. But now we visit morals and insure proper be- each other, or walk together on the Perhaps if the church at home havior in public. The league has street – the difference has disapwere as strict in discipline as the asked the Palestine Government peared. Congo .Church there would be to ban immoral theatrical perfew left on the roll. Native pas- formances. Doctors Go to Church tq1".S and elders are even more s~yere in such measures than ·:",Toward a United Front Here is a church with 10% of are the missionaries. its membership in the medical A plan of organization has profession. In Hamadan, Iran, Because of these very strict been agreed upon by the is a Protestant church with 150 rules about Christian life and churches at work in Syria. members, including Iranians behavior there are necessarily Churches affiliated with the who were former Moslems, Asmany backsliders. At Luebo, a British Reformed Presbyterian syrians, Armenians, Americans personal workers' class has been and the American Reformed and Jewish converts. Fifteen of organized, and each week every Presbyteri3n . miss ion s, the the members of this church are worker is given a list of five or Frie.nds' Yearly Meeting, the doctors and three of the four ten people to hunt up, talk with, Damascus Church of the Irish elders are doctors. This is partly pray with and endeavor to bring Presbyterian mission, the Lu- explained by the fact that in the back to the Lord. Responsibility theran churches connected with earlier years of medical mission for a neighbor's spiritual life is the Danish Mission to the Orient work,; before there was a gova new idea in the Congo, but it and the Evangelical Synod, are ernment. medical school, ambiis growing, and young men, represented in this move toward tious. young men were taken into working with pastors and .evan- unity. The chief purpose is to the mission hospital, and trained gelists, have Peen literally comb- as physicians by the medical ing Luebowith the ,result that missionaries. Most of· these young men, through their Chris- tian contacts and training, be- came earnest Christians them- selves, joined the church, and take an active part in the vari- ous departments.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

INDIA tian children, making it possible lems of Christian literature in Oonverts Among the Bhils for rural children to attend India is that of distribution, and school. Opposition has arisen to do this more effectively vari- The Bhils of Central India of- to the use of this grant and the ous experiments have bee n fer special opportunities for Legislative Council has voted to tried; among them is a motor evangelization. Their homogene- suspend all payment under the caravan provided by friends in ity and, comparative isolation present terms of the resolution. England. Throughout 1935 the make less difficult the spread of the Gospel; their concepts seem The fear has been expressed that caravan was touring India. It to have no subtleties that re- it would operate as an induce- started in the Madras Presidenquire explaining away before ment to members of the De- cy in January and during its they can accept the truth in pressed Classes to become Chris- two-and-a-half months there it Christ, and they respond eager- tians in order that their children sold 10,369 Scriptures. It spent ly to the Gospel. Furthermore, might receive a grant. Under April in the Mysore State, with the acceptance of Christ means the present agitated state of af- a circulation of 2,694 portions. no very great change in their fairs in India regarding the con- Then during May, June and general life. Simplicity is the v e r s ion of the Depressed July it was in the area of the order of their being. A change Classes, it is easy to understand Bombay Auxiliary, finishing in of religion is mostly a change that both Hindus and Moham- the Central Provinces. It was of loyalty; there is no social up- medans would oppose such a hampered by monsoon condi- grant. tions both in actual traveling heaval. and in its selling work, but 7,529 It is characteristic of the At present Hindus and Mo- portions were sold. It then hammedans are receiving over spent August and September in Bhils that so many new converts a hundred thousand 'l"Upees a the area of the North India Auxare eager to carry the message year in the United Provinces for iliary, with sales of 9,155 porto other members of their fam- the support of their communal tions. During the last quarter ily scattered over the villages of schools. -Indian Witness. of the year it was in the Punjab. the area. The need for arousing interest no longer exists; but Triplets in India One Ohamar's Witness teaching is required. The arrival of quintuplets The C. M. S. Outlook has an Where the question of a school would not have been welcomed account of a Chamar, who, two building has been raised, the at this Chamar home where a years ago had been led to Christ people themselves have come Bible woman reports that when through a Christian sweeper, triplets came the caste relatives and started a movement among forward with an offer to erect said: "No woman should have his own class. Through this it, and plans are being made to triplets. The mother must be man's testimony, C ham a r s secure a group of promising punished." The babies all died from neighboring villages be- Bhils who will be fitted to give in a few days, yet the punish- cause inquirers. A group of ment was given. The mother about fQrty";men and women elementary education. S u c h was ordered to bathe in the from two, villages expressed teachers will serve a group of sacred Narbudda River in order their desire to become Chris- to help atone for the sin she tians. Later, fierce persecution villages. must have committed in a past from the caste people partially At a conference, arranged by incarnation. The Panchayat stamped out the movement; but (council) of five demanded during the past year it has rethe Mid-India Christian Coun- twenty rupees, which the family vived and has spread from vilcil, it was decided to make an was too poor to pay. Then they lage to village. ' put the mother on a donkey and effort to secure the cooperation made it run to the home of its Many new Christians are of all Missions working among owner, a washerman. The par- learning to pray; the few who ents were informed that the bai can read are not only feeding on Bhils, with a view to coordinating methods of work, pooling experiences, and establishing common centers for training along special lines, wherever this may prove possible.

-National Christian Coun- could be rescued by the payment the Word of God themselves, but cil Review. ' of any amount which the wash- are teaching others; they are erman demanded. That, too, learning to give t,o God's work Rural Education Problem would be difficult. In vain the out of their, ,qeep poverty, to Bible woman tried to make them The Christians of India are stand persecution, and to win, greatly concerned because of the see the Christian ideal. difficulty in providing primary -World Call. others for Christ. None of them has yet been baptized, except education for the rural Chris- Literature Oaravan' the original Chamar. tian community. In the United Provinces the Government set The year 1935 brought a new Lucknow Ashram aside a sum of ten thousand venture in the work of the Brit- The latest development of the rupees (about $3,300) to be ish and Foreign Bible Society work, which Dr. E. Stanley used as scholarships for Chris- in India. One of the great prob- J ones has been doing among ed'-

ucated Indians for 22 years, has asked to be supplied with equip- Ohefoo School for Deaf been the founding of an Ashram ment for home treatment. This at Lucknow, from which medi- gave the missionaries the idea Those who contributed to the cal, educational and social work of establishing clinics in various Chefoo School for the Deaf have of various kinds is carried on. districts. Twenty of these have made it possible to keep in lt grew out of the Ashram which been opened, all under the super- school fourteen children from he had founded in the Himalayas vision of former leper patients, destitute homes, ten 0 the r s where some 200 people live to- treating more than 500 patients. whose relatives cannot pay more gether in Indian fashion. They The only cost involved is that of than five or ten dollars towards include, he said, Europeans and medicines, but no medicine is food, and fifteen who cannot pay Indians, Government officials given any group which fails to more than one-half the cost of and ardent nationalists, funda- report monthly on the number food. Fifteen of the children mentalists and modernists, con- of injections given. Practically come from homes where one or servatives and radicals, high all clinics show increased at- both parents have died. Fiftycaste and low. "Leave behind tendance, in some instances over five deaf children, eleven girls all race and class distinctions, 100%. and forty-four boys between the all ye who enter here," is one of ages of seven and seventeen, the mottoes on the wall. "Chris- One of the most important have made satisfactory progress tianity has many critics," says and encouraging features of the in learning the language neces- Dr. Jones, "but no rivals in the work is the evangelistic oppor- sary to communicate with their work of human redemption." tunity offered by these estab- home people. lished clinic groups. All the pa- Under the supervision of Dr. tients come from non-Christian An hOUl; and a half is spent on E. Stanley Jones and those as- homes, but the majority, upon Saturday mornings in preparing sociated with him in the Ash- leaving, have accepted Christ. for the Bible lessons which they ram, a series of pamphlets and Christian centers have thus been have on Sunday. One little boy tracts on the Christian message established and two churches from a very poor home in the is being prepared for mailing, have been built. country asked for a Bible when month by month, to the leaders leaving for vacation. As he had of the Depressed Classes and the -Siam Outlook. been in school only two years, aboriginal tribes of I n d i a, his ability to read it was quesgroups numbering perhaps 70,- OHINA tioned, but when by the use of 000,000 people. speech, writing and pantomime, Successful Preaching he made it plain that he would Among the first materials not knock his head to idols and printed and mailed are: the Rev. R. W. Porteous, of the he wanted to learn how to pray Gospel of St. Luke, with helpful C. I. M. Bible Training Institute to the true God in Heaven, he comments and the story of Ditt, at Nanchang, reports that a new was given a copy of the Gospels, a humble Chuhra convert, who Gospel Hall has been opened and and his delight was unbounded. refused to be segregated in the a chapel seating 200. The Gosmission compound, and led, un- pel message has been delivered -Chefoo School Report. der God, a mighty movement of there to attentive crowds almost his former caste fellows into the every night for four months and OhTist Speaks Through the Christian Church. hundreds have indicated their East desire to accept Christ as their -Christian Advocate. Saviour. This provides oppor- An American woman who has tunity for students to do per- lived fifteen years in China, Leper Olinics in Siam sonal work. Two student bands Miss Helen W. Dutton, testifies were assigned to evangelize two to the contributions which that Various estimates of the num- neighboring markets and as a country has made to her life; ber of lepers in Siam have been result several families destroyed best of all, she says, her discovmade from time to time, but their idols. ery of the Christ of the East, none of these is accurate. Fear the Jesus who bade men go the of discovery, leading to ostra- Mr. Porteous writes: second mile; who bade men forcism, persecution, and much give their brother unto seventy suffering, causes large numbers God has been doing a great work times seven; who told men to to go into hiding or to cover all among the wounded soldiers in the love God and their neighbor as signs of their affliction as long military hospitals in the city. Many themselves, who told the rich as possible. However, an esti- have responded to the Gospel appeal, man to sell all his goods and feed mate of 20,000 is approximately though quite a number who, we be- the poor if he would gain the correct. lieve, were saved, did not have an Kin g do m of Heaven'; who opportunity to De baptized before sou g h t the lost sheep and The number of patients being they were called to rejoin their regi- brought it to the fold again; who treated at present in leprosy ments, be discharged. or return to bade men lose their lives for hospitals in Siam is less than their homes; we had, however, the others that they might save 1,000, or only 5% of the esti- joy of seeing 114 baptized in the them – this Jesus the East unmated leper population. For C. 1. M. Church. These have all left derstands and will accept. "The the past three or four years for other provinces or different parts most of the patients on leaving of Kiangsi, and some to their homes, but each with aNew Testament or Bible in his kit.

-The Christian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Oriental is truly a literalist," Christian training to the chil- Chinese democracy, which is so real as to be unconscious, all meet together says Miss Dutton. "He expects dren and youth of China. Their not only for service but enjoy meetto see in an individual who calls pupils represent 950,000 Protes- ing afterwards, and do so with great himself Christian those qualities tant Christian families. savoir taire. The group is often which Jesus called 'blessed.' Let Sir Frederick Leith-Ross, in joined by lamas, some of whom come him exemplify those traits in his his report on financial conditions from very distant lamaseries in Tibet.

daily living-he will have no in China, fully corroborates the Students' Problems substitute. . . . I see more of report of the American Econom- the gentle, patient Jesus in these ic Mission that "a vast change Prof. D. L. Phelps was recent- Eastern friends of mine. I am is coming over China, a modern- ly asked to address a mid-week glad for my years in China, ization that as compared with assembly at West China Union where I have come to under- ten or even five years ago marks University, Chengtu. He asked stand bet t e r the Oriental many centuries." This opinion the students to send in questions -Advance. is confirmed by those familiar about religion in advance, and Christ."

Child Slavery Today with conditions in widely sepa- in the hour allotted, attempted rated provinces; beyond ques- to answer them. So many ques- It is thirteen years since Mr. tion, China's youth is in the fore- tions were handed in that Prof. Winston Churchill told the front of the struggle for prog- Phelps was given the following House of Commons that he in- ress. week's assembly hour.

tended to abolish child slavery The determined attack upon Dr. H. Bruce Collier of the in the British possession of the opium scourge is part of this faculty analyzed these questions Hongkong within one year-and effort for national salvation. and found that they could be distill the evil continues. A spe- Mr. Hoo, the Chinese delegate vided into five groups: funda- at Geneva, stated last May that mental questions of God, prayer, cial commission has now been nearly 1,000 drug addicts, and meaning of religion, 29 per cent; sent out from England to look drug traffickers were shot in doctrines, miracles and superinto the whole problem. It is China last year. The life of the stitions, 23 per cent; personal doubtful whether there is any- Chinese nation, he added, de- relations to religion, and personthing within the realm of slave pended upon victory in this fight systems so revolting as child again opium. -World Survey. al benefits, 20 per cent; necesslavery-the sale of thousands sity of religion, and uniqueness of little girls say of five years of "Central Asia Trio" of Christianity, 14 per cent; poage, at half-a-crown apiece- litical problems, 14 per cent.

bought for "appreciation" – The British Weekly publishes The largest percentage related bought for sale again at eight to to the nature of God and prayer. ten years of age, for drudgery- a letter from Miss Mildred Ca- Typical questions were: ble, written July 1 from Kansu or worse, without the glimmer province, where she and her col- "Why do you believe in God 1" of an understanding of what leagues, the Misses Francesca "What is the real meaning of awaits them. The cruelties im- and Evangeline French, have prayer?" "Can religion really posed upon them are of such na- arrived after their journey ture that pUblication of them through the Gobi desert. She discover the 'way out' that is the would be prohibited in the Brit- goal of all life?" There were ish press. writes: several very searching ques- tions: A wealthy Chinese gentleman, We have left the "great and terrible "Jesus said that 'whosoever desert" behind us for the fifth time. shall smite thee on the right who has decided to devote his As Christ's ambassadors we have been life and means to the abolition able to tell the Good News in every cheek, turn to him the other alof this gigantic evil, declares oasis on the main trade route. We so.' Now Japan has occupied by that there are more than 4,000,- have had a most touching welcome force our three eastern prov- 000 pitiable little slaves within everywhere. The people last saw us inces ; should we not take the China proper; probably there hurrying away from the "Thunder- five northern provinces and give bolt" and his troops, and many saw are about 10,000 in British me on that same journey with my them to Japan, too?" And "The head bandaged, after the bad kick Powers of Europe and America Hongkong and Malaya. It is which a donkey belonging to a Moslem the job of this new commission gave me. The fact that we have re- are nations that worship God. turned after all this has made many Why, then, are they guilty of to discover their numbers and whereabouts, and to propose to realize. the urgency of our commission. acts of aggression toward the Weare now once again in Tunh- weaker nations?" the government means for put- wang, the City of Sands, and have ting down the unholy traffic go- been able to revisit the beautiful Lake The experiment revealed the ing on between Chinese in China of the Crescent Moon and the Cave of type of religious problem wmch and Chinese inhabitants in Brit- the Thousand Buddhas. occupies the student thought.

ish territories. Every afternoon we hold a service -United Church Record. -The Chronicle. in the large room of our rented house Difficult Mongolia -we call it the Blue Palace. You Changes Show Progress would be interested in the crowd which Seventy-nine missionary soci- gathers there. It always includes a Work among Mongols was strange variety of listeners, from beg- started about a century ago, and gar maids to the wives of the prineties are engaged in giving cipal military officials. Thanks to taken up afresh by James Gil-

mour in 1885. A little over a prohibition was continued for blow to the propagation of civic year ago the new capital of In- another five years, which came idealism; but many older, exner Mongolia was opened at to an end on March 31, 1936. perienced missionaries hold that Pailingmiao formerly a caravan During that period it is esti- "preaching, teaching and philancenter, but nothing more. Mis- mated that the village has saved thropy" sum up the missionary's sionary work had never been 173,000 yen, although most other whole duty, and they disapprove carried on there, but Prince Teh villages have "gone into the all activities capable of arousing Wang granted permission on red." Of this sum, 45,000 yen political suspicions. this occasion. The opposition was spent on the new school, from the lamas caused the lib- 50,000 yen on new homes, 74,000 -New York Times. erty previously granted to be re- yen was invested in cooperative stricted, but good s e r vic e s associations, and 4,000 yen in Rural Newspaper Evangelism among the Mongols, and much the postal savings bank. In adinterest in the Gospel are re- dition, the mayor proudly re- Dr. Daniel C. Buchanan of ported. For several months a ports that the children of the vil- Kyoto finds a wide field for rural Bible Class was carried on lage are better fed and clothed, new spa per evangelism. He among government secretaries, that the children's death rate as writes: and medical treatment has been well as the general death rate given. Today, Pailingmiao is has decreased, that the number The personal interview is the methdeveloping rapidly and boasts a of persons seeking medical at- od par excellence in our work of newstemple, with more than 1,000 tention has decreased 40ro, that paper evangelism in rural districts. lamas. lawsuits, illegitimacy, crime, If a member lives in another part of gambling, police court cases and the Empire, too far away for us to JAPAN election offenses have been done call on him when the time seems away with. propitious, we send his name and ad- "Year of the Monkey" dress to the nearest missionary or -Japan Christian Quarterly. Japanese pastor with the request that Once every twelve years comes he call on the inquirer and try to get the "Year of the Monkey," when American Missionary him linked up with some church. young people ask "whom shall I Excluded Those members who live in our field copy this year?" with a some- we try to call on as often as possible. what sincere belief that thus The refusal of the police to We also encourage them to come to they may improve. The seventy- readmit into Japan Rev. Dr. J. our office whenever they visit the city, five children in the Morning Spencer Kennard, American Thus we have found that the best Star Kindergarten at Yamagu- Baptist missionary, is in the na- way to win a man for Christ is to chi do not wait for the twelfth ture of a bombshell. It is have heart to heart talks with him, year. When they "play kinder- thought there may be a blacklist pray frequently with and for him, garten" there is the piano teach- of other American missionaries and love him into the Kingdom. er, the teacher who leads the cir- suspected of anti-war or labor cle hour and the one who con- sympathies. These missionaries Newspaper evangelism is es- 'ducts the prayer period. The do not expect to be deported, but tablishing groups which willlatlittle mimics do not forget to be fear their next furlough may er develop into churches. The gentle and smiling; the three terminate their careers in J a- work is carried on through ad- 'real teachers looking on are pan. They are social workers of vertising in newspapers and struck by the skill in mimicry, Kagawa's type, but the police mag a z i n e s, correspondence, smiling as they see themselves draw a distinction between a na- monthly magazines sent free of so perfectly portrayed with all tive, like Dr. Kagawa, and for- charge to all members of the their little mannerisms. It is eigners who come on what many church and for three months to not to be wondered at when they Japanese consider the superflu- all inquirers who have not joined say to one another. "Well, if ous mission of bringing Japan a the church, by tract distribution, they copy even us as closely as new religion. and through a loan library, as that, we'll have to see to it that well as through the use of sterewe lead them to copy in all seri- There is no fear that any mis- opticon and moving pictures, ousness the One who is Best." sionaries will run personal risk and personal interviews. or find their freedom of preach- A Model Village ing interferred with, but in the Christian Literature future they will have to' avoid . .A notable experiment in tem- quasi-political activities, such as A group of far sighted misperance was made by the village the propagation of peace or in- sionaries and Japanese Christian of Kawaidani. In 1925, the ternational idealism of the type leaders began in January, 1935, mayor proposed that the village represented by the Fellowship of as one of the activities of the "go dry" for a period of five Reconciliation and kindred or- Christian Literature Society, a years in order to rebuild the vil- ganizations. They may preach Central Christian Library to lage school, which had been de- their faith and teach English, house a collection of Christian stroyed in a fire. So successful but nothing more. A number of books, especially those published was the plan that the term of younger missionaries regard the in Japan since the beginning of police action as a shattering Protestant work. About 4,000 columes have been purchased or received as gifts to date and cat- alogued, the expenses being met largely by Japanese Christians.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Some of the books assembled are voted to intensive. teaching of safe now," but really because of records of martyrdoms, others what the Christian life means. their deep-rooted pagan fear tell of methods of expressing the that if they move away, the spir- Gospel. A reading room well – Watchman-Examiner. supplied with reference books in its of the 73 who were killed will English for the use of clergy, ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC pursue and punish them. Bible students and evangelists; commentaries, dictionaries, etc., Samoan Schools Due to the perseVerance of and a loan library by mail for the Rev. Clifford Nobes, the prodistant workers is part of the For nearly a century the peo- vincial government has taken a ultimate plan. ple of Samoa have been able to hand and by the latest report read and write their own lan- has given the people thirty days Another timely piece of work guage, through the untiring ef- to move away, promising help in Christian literature is the ag- forts of their own Samoan vilgressive program of the five- lage pastors, who have acted al- in moving expenses and in getyear-old Brotherhood of St. An- so as village schoolmasters. In ting new land. The situation is drew in Japan. More than 22,- addition to ordinary school sub- really perilous for there are big 000 copies of the Forward Move- jects the boys are given practiment booklets, adapted and cal training in agriculture, car- new cracks in the mountainside, translated from the American pentry, music and craft work. waiting for a typhoon to start series, have been printed and It is the secret desire, however, more slides. distributed throughout the 271 of nearly every schoolboy to beparishes and missions of the come some day an ordained pas- Protestant Strength in Episcopal Church. tor. Philippines -The Living Church. There are two schools for The National Christian Coun- girls; the one at Papauta ac- cil of the Philippines gives the Result of Teacher's Testimony commodates 150, who enter only on recommendation of village following numerical strength of Mr. Sakata, Principal of the pastors. The school itself is a Protestantism in the Islands: Mary L. Colby School for Girls village where all food supplies in Yokohama, arranged a series are grown on the hillside planta- United Evangelical Church 42,910. of evangelistic meetings with tions and the girls take their (including all members in 82,910. Mr. Kimura. Thirty-five years part in caring for the gardens. regions w her e Presbybefore, Mr. Sakata, a young sol- All practical training can be car- terian, Congregational and 18,0.0.0. dier about to be called into serv- ried out by the girls in their own United Brethren mission- 15,0.0.0., ice, was converted by Mr. Ki- homes when they leave school, 10.,0.0.0. mura and made up his mind that after four or five years' resi- aries are serving) …… . 8,0.0.0. instead of spending his life kill- dence. Methodist Episcopal …… . ing people he would spend it 2,50.0. showing them how to live. Al- Atauloma school has the three- Iglesia Evangelica Metodista most immediately he was called fold aim of helping the students, en las Islas Filipinas …. 250. to Manchuria and was there for finding ways for them to help the ten years. When he came back school and of keeping in touch Iglesia Evangelica de Cristo he trained himself to become a after they leave. Graduates Christian teacher. work to give financial aid. By Baptist ..•……….•….. bazaars or direct giving from Mr. Kimura told of going to their funds they have raised Disciples of Christ ……. . see the young man off when he enough to give four Aladdin was about to leave for Man- lamps for the main hall, £14 to- Association of Baptists for churia. He clasped his hand, ward other improvements. Evangelism in the Orient never expecting to see him again, but God had work for him -L. M. S. Chronicle. Philippine-Borneo Faith Misand brought him back. sion …………..•….. Typhoon Damage The effect of this story was Total …………….. 179,570. direct and fruitful. Almost the With the return of typhoon whole school stood to indicate season in the Philippines, it will "God Hath Spoken" that they too wanted to follow be recalled that last year a great Christ. Mr. Sakata had them landslide buried 73 people in the In a letter received recently go to their class rooms and town of Balogang, near Sagada. from a worker in the Philippine there, if they so desired, they At the time and ever since then Islands, the following story is were to write out their decision, the missionaries at Sagada have told: signing their names. When they been trying to get the remaining were counted there were 307. people of the town to move to a "Soon after our arrival here Committees set to work imme- new site, but the old men, domi- we came across a young man diately and the result is that nating the situation, have re- who had no other book except there is one period a week de- fused, ostensibly because "it is the booklet 'God Hath Spoken.' In all his conversations with his friends he always tried to find God's guidance in this little book, so much so that his friends gave him the nickname An Dios Nag- yakan. Needless to say he soon became an Evangelical Chris- tian, and the proud possessor of aNew Testament." This booklet is issued by the Scripture.Gift Mission in many languages.

-Life of Faith.

MISCELLANEOUS pointing out that the Bible is not those in Japan, Canada, Aus- Faith Missions· merely a Protestant book, as so tralia, South Africa and other often alleged. The remarkable countries. A large proportion A recently published pamphlet thing is that her work is com- of the South African police are summarizes the service of pop- mended by the Cardinal Arch- members of the Association, and ularly called Faith Missions. bishop of Paris. The movement about 1,000 joined last year, The Interdenominational For- had its origin in Italy, where a while more than that number of eign Mission Association of Waldensian pastor describes it New Testaments were circulated North America was formed in as a real Reformation within the among the men, besides thou- 1917 by a group of foreign mis- Catholic Church. Roman Cath- sands of tracts and leaflets. In sionary societies that were not olic writers have also been draw- Japan the work has gradually denominationally related, but ing attention to archreological been becoming more difficult, which held identical doctrinal discovery and its bearing upon chiefly because the police are convictions and adhered to sim- the truth of the Bible. under the military authorities. -The Christian. Each week Captain Gerrard ilar missionary principles and visits the Tokyo Police Training practices. Prayer fellowship, Jews of the World School, where he distributes conferences concerning mission- tracts and Testaments among ary policy, and united appeal for Jews throughout the world to- 200 men. When the men leave world evangelization are aims day number 16,291,000 as com- they are often drafted to remote of the organization. pared with an estimated 4,200,- country villages, and may be the 000 in 1850, according to a sum- only possessors of God's .Word Listed in the order of their in the place. inception, the sixteen societies mary of the work of the noted Jewish statistician, Dr. Erwin There is also a work for wives that are now members of the Rawicz, appearing in the C.-V. of policemen.-The Christian. Association are: The Woman's Zeitung, of Berlin. The rapid Union Missionary Society of America, the China Inland Mis- increase coincides with the A Century's Achievements sion, the India Christian Mis- emancipation of the Jews in sion, the South African General most European countries and the The American Baptist For- Mission, the Central American growth of industrialization, it is eign Mission Society sums up Mission, the Sudan Interior declared, following a heavy de- its achievements of the past cen- Mission, the Ceylon and India crease in the Jewish population tury in a comparison of figures General Mission, the Africa In- in the previous twenty or which include the work of both land Mission, the Bible House of twenty-five centuries. Since the General and the Women's Los Angeles, the Inland South 1800 the general population of Societies: America Missionary Union, the Europe rose from just below Number of missionaries 1836 1935 Bolivian Indian· Mission, the 190 millions to some 500 millions on the foreign fields. 46 590 today. The summary shows Number of organized 3,226 North East India General Mis- 352,413 sion, the Evangelical Union of that there were about three Jews churches ……….. 9 South America, the American per thousand in 1800, about Members of churches abroad …………. 888 European Fellowship, the Ori- seven in 1900, and about eight Number of schools of all 4,372 in 1935. grades ….•…….. 11 noco River Mission and the 10,529 The Jewish population of Number of native work- 32 Latin America Evangelization Great Britain, according to the Campaign. ers ………..•..•. Number of hospitals .. , '" The pamphlet contains a list survey, is 340,000. The Jewish NumiJer of dispensaries … 55 of the officiary of each Mission, population of Germany is given Patients treated …… '" 344,560 and a brief statement concern- as 400,000, compared with an The number of baptisms by ing each society's origin, aim estimated 550,000 at the time of decades indicates the steady and ministry. Copies of the Hitler's advent to power. Jews growth on the mission fields: pamphlet may be secured with- in Palestine numbered 395,000 in 1935-1844 ………•……. 6,653 out cost from the headquarters 1855-1864 …•………•… 12,617 1935. By continents, there were 1875-1884 …………….. 42.,762 of the various mission agencies 1895-1904 …………….. 68,375 listed, or from the Secretary of 9,736,000 Jew in Europe, includ- 1915-1924 …………….. 125,743 the Association, George H. Dow- ing Turkey in Asia and Russia; 1925-1934 …………….. 187,536 knott, 113 Fulton Street, New 560,000 in Africa; 936,000 in York, N. Y. Asia; 5,031,000 in North and Many churches have developed -The King's Business. South America; and 27,000 in their own leadership; among Australia and New Zealand. these are the Chekiang Shang- Bible Reading for Catholics hai Baptist Convention, East A "back-to-the-Bible" tend- -The Jewish Chronicle. Japan Baptist Convention, the Convention of Philippine Bap- International Christian Police ency is noted among Catholics. Founded 53 years ago the In- tist Churches, Inc., the All- A noted archreologist's wife- a ternational Christian Police As- Burma Baptist Convention and Roman Catholic-has published sociation is now world-wide in the Bengal-Orissa B apt i s t some booklets, commending the its activities, and binds the Yearly Meeting. -Watchman-Examiner. reading of the Word of God, and Christian police in England with Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Indian Thought and Its Development. its world- and life-negation in If we must look for another, By Albert Schweitzer. Translated its later development. The book by Mrs. Charles E. B. Russell. pp. is thought-provoking, and is what about the thought of Jesus 272. Price, $2.50. Henry Holt and Company. New York. 1936. packed with accurate informa- Christ? Paul's philosophy was tion regarding the philosophy Dr. Schweitzer has distin- and history of Indian thought. based on it and is still valid and guished himself as philosopher, musician, and doctor in the equa- We believe, however, that the potent. S. M. ZWEMER. torial primeval forests of Africa. author does not place due em- He tells us that Indian thought phasis on the debt of Western Levucka Days. By C. W. Whonsbon attracted him from his youth, es- thought to Christianity. The er- Aston. pp. 95, Paper, 40 cents. pecially through the writings of ror of Hinduism and Buddhism Society for Promoting Christian Schopenhauer and his conviction is not world- and life-negation Knowledge. London. that Indian ethics were con- only, but the denial of worldcerned with the behavior of man and life-reality. In Jesus Christ This small book recounts the in relation to all living beings we have both the affirmation and experiences of a clergyman of and not mer~ly to his fellow negation. His disciples are not the Church of England who man. to be taken out of the world, but spent three years in the Fiji to be kept from the evil that is Islands. The Bishop of Polyne- He speaks of in the world. The Son of Man sia writes a commendatory in- came eating and drinking. The troduction. The narrative illus- "the difficulty of describing defi- world and life in the New Testa- trates the various interests and nite lines i)f development in a ment are not maya, illusion, but problems which face a missionphilosophy which possesses in so re- a great reality. We are not to ary in a field which includes numarkable a degree the will and the leave the world, but to overcome merous islands separated by ability not to perceive contrasts as the world. Weare not to sup- broad ocean spaces in which such, and allows ideas of heteroge- press life, but to seek its fullest navigation is rendered dangerneous character to subsist side by side development. The things that ous by currents and coral reefs. and even brings them into connection are seen are real, but they are with each other. But I believe that also temporal. The things that A. J. BROWN. we, the people of the West, shall only are not seen are real and eternal. rightly comprehend what Indian There is only one reference to Korean Young Folks. By Frederick thought really is and what is its sig- Paul's philosophy and ethics, and S. Miller. pP. 189. $2.00. Fleming nificance for the thought of all man- the author always uses the word H. Revell. New York. 1936. kind, if we succeed in gaining an in- Jesus, not Christ, when referring sight into its processes." to our Lord. These glimpses of life in Ko- rea are not dry descriptions but Beginning with a comparison At the close of the preface the are a series of interesting of Western and Indian thought, sketches of real young people. Dr. Schweitzer sketches the rise reader is told that neither in With such quaint names as of world- and life-negation in Western nor in Indian thought White Dragon, Great Mountain, the Vedas, the teaching of the Seven Stars, Jewel and the like, Upanishads, the rise of Jainism, do we find the ideal or the final- these young folks figure largely Buddhism and its later develop- ity. in the stories of country and vilment outside of India. There are lage life. The reader learns also chapters on present-day "For there must indeed arise a about rice farming and fuel cut- Hinduism, the Bhagavad Gita, philosophy profounder and more liv- ting, paper-making and house and modern Indian thought. ing than our own and endowed with building, how candy and puffed greater spiritual and ethical force. In rice are made and how kites are The basic distinction between this terrible period through which flown; about weddings and fu- Western thought and that of In- mankind is passing, from the East nerals and ancestor worship. dia is that the former makes th~ and from the West we must all keep affirmation of the world and life, a lookout for the coming of this more We read about Seven Stars while the latter makes its nega- perfect and more powerful form of who butted the goat; about Pigtion. This negation, he holds, is thought which will conquer the hearts gie who rolled off the bridge in void of ethical value, and there- of individuals and compel whole peo- his sleep; about Skylark the donfore Hinduism itself, and more ples to acknowledge its sway. It is for this that we must strive." key who could bray noiselessly especially Buddhism, modified and helped distribute tracts by holding them in his lips; about Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RllvIllW publishers on receipt of price.

[619 ] Kim the gambler and how he ficial relationships brought him ger. It is a true picture of that knew he was a Christian; the into contact. ARTHUR J. BROWN. heroic type of work which has narrow escape of Pak who wouldn't hit back, and a score of Christian Giving. By Clarence Ed- been done in Brazil for more than ward Macartney, D.D. 15 cents. other stories of humor and Zondervan Publishing House, Grand half a century. The author, Wilpathos, rascality and heroism Rapids. 1936. liam Anglin, himself a legiti- mate descendant in the long line and victorious Christian living. Children and adults alike will This is a sermori-;nd – the of missionary pioneers, has writ- ten these simple stories of conread with profit and pleasure preacher being Dr. Macartney- version to give a fresh sense of how a missionary works, how the saving grace of our Lord and Gospels and tracts are distrib- it is in approved sermonic style, the wonderful power of His Gosuted, how Christ changes lives, pel. It will inform, and inspire how Christians testify to non- Scriptural, clear, cogent. It is the reader and stimulate a great- Christians and how and why the er missionary passion. Gospel spreads in a foreign well that it has been published, land. J. E. MORELAND. so as to reach a wider audience. Those who have been enter- Ethiopia. By John H. Shaw, Consul tained and instructed by reading Giving is, of course, only a seg- General of Ethiopia. HOur Korean Friends," by the same author, a veteran mission- ment of the circle of Christian This paper-covered booklet on ary in Korea, will need no urg- Ethiopia, comprising ninety-five ing to secure his new book. Stewardship which Jesus pre- pages, is, as the author states ir his Introduction, an attempt "to WALTER C. ERDMAN. sented whole in his teaching, but portray an honest, truthful pic- ture of this comparatively un- Across the Years. By Charles Sted- giving is the trait Hlikest God known Christian empire, with a man Macfarland. An Autobiog- short outline of the historic raphy. pp. 367. $2.75. The Mac- within the Soul," and it deserves background, the natural re- millan Company. New York. 1936. sources, the people, the govern- to be stressed in "at least a ser- ment, and some of the undercur- Dr. Macfarland was for sev- rents that have led to the preseral years secretary of the Fed- mon every year," as Dr~ Mac- ent difficulties." The aim is too eral Council of the Churches of broad to be carried out success- Christ in America, a post to artney plans, making this the fully in so short a volume and which he was called from a Con- the book as a result is very gregational pastorate in 1911, first of the series. D. McC. sketchy. when forty-five years of age. The Federal Council was then a new A Story of Child Life in Old Peking. The author is very open in his venture, small, weak and with By Margaret Rossiter White. pp. pro-Ethiopian sympathies and no dependable revenue. It was 91. $1.0Q, cloth. Fleming H. Revell makes many statements highly strenuously opposed by some de- Ci. New York. 1936. commending the Emperor Haile nominations and by many min- Selassie The First. Had it been Every child who likes a good story will find this one of the best. In picturing the home life of a well-to-do Chinese family the author gives the pattern of Chinese culture and civilization in a way that the grown-up, as well as the child, will find inter- esting; and the result cannot but develop a bond of under- standing between the races.

H.B. F.

isters and I a y men in the Stories From Brazil. By William possible for the author to place churches which gave it scanty Anglin. With eleven illustrations. this book on the market before support. But its secretary 96 pages. $1. Pickering and Inglis. proved to be a born promoter, London, Glasgow, Edinburgh. the cataclysmic downfall of the: Ethiopian Empire the book and was strongly reenforced by In Brazil there are two dis- would have filled a greater need the growing demand for unity tinct types of missionary work. than at present. Events moved and cooperation in Christian The first is carried on in the so rapidly that even this booklet, work. By his energy and execu- great centers of population and published in 1936, is out of date. tive ability Dr. Macfarland de- at certain points along the At- The predictions made, such as veloped the Council into a large lantic coast where civilization "this nation of warriors would and influential organization. and customs are only slightly fight to the bitter end. The After twenty years, he retired dissimilar to those of North Ethiopian Empire can only be in 1931 as Secretary Emeritus. America. The second is being subdued by killing every man Now, at the age of seventy, he carried on, for the most part, and woman in it" ,have proven reviews his life's work, describ- among the more backward sec- false and the author is no doubt ing his early career and varied tions of the population. as keenly disappointed in the personal experiences, and the These "Stories from Brazil" unexpected collapse of the mocontroversies in which he and relate distinctly to the second rale of the Ethiopian army and the Federal Council were often type. They bear the authentic the flight of Emperor, and as involved. Of special interest is stamp of pioneer missionary ex- disillusioned in the outcome of his account of the various inter- perience, including travel after the struggle and the altruism of denominational and internation- the most primitive fashion and protector nations, as is the al movements of recent decades preaching the Gospel to under- writer of this review, who has and the eminent men in America privileged people, despite 'Perse- himself spent five years in and Europe with whom his of- cution and ever imminent dan- Ethiopia. STUART BERGSMA, M.D.

Booles Popular Commentary on the Interna- An Unusual New

tional Sunday School Lessons. As I Saw Africa. Eva Alice Springer. 1937. 90 cents. 224 pp. Revell. MY BELOVED ARMENIA 243 pp. }>owell & White. Cincin- New York. By MARIE S. BANKER nati, Ohio. . The King's Palace. Pen Pictures A thrilling testimony of her jrirlhood days Almanacs-Daily Light, 13hd.; Our from Ephesians. H. E. Anderson. in the caves of Armenia hiding from the Home, 1d.; Bible Almanac, 2d. 125 pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. Turks, the suffering of her people in the Pickering & Inglis. London. London. deserts, her remarkable escapes from death, her perilous trip to Smyrna at the time of China Year Book. Edited by H. G. With Christ Into Tomorrow. Hunter the World War, the loyalty of her parents Woodhead. 510 pp. North China B. Blakely. 1GO pp. GO cents. Pres- to Christ, and the persecutions whIch the Daily News and Herald Co., Uni- byterian Committee of Publication. Armenians endured even unto death. Cusversity of Chicago Press, Chicago. Richmond, Va. toms of the Turks described and their hatred of Armenians revealed. Remarkable an- Christians in Other Lands. Compiled China Calling. Frank Houghton. 200 swers to prayer recordet!. How Got! supby Dorothy M. Horne. lB. 6d. pp. $1.00 cloth; 50 cents paper. plied her needs folt!. S. P. G. in F. P. London. China Inland Mission. Philadelphia and Toronto. Intensely Interestln,. and unusually Informing. True to life but reads Calendars-Daily Meditation~ lB. 6d.; The China Inland Mission. like fiction. Stimulatinl to faitb and Golden Grain, lB. 3d.; Golaen Text, By Love Compelled. The Call of the Christian fortitude. lB. 3d.; Daily Manna, lB.; Grace & Trust, lB.; Young Folks Calendar, China Inland Mission. Marshall Beautifully bound in blue cloth ,gold letter- lB.; Pickering & Inglis. London. Broomhall. 12G pp. 85 cents. China i1B, tinted edges; attractive two-color jacket; Inland Mission. Toronto and Phila- illustrated; photo of author; 208 pages; The Church and the Churches. Karl delphia. $1.25. Barth. 92 pp. 75 cents. Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., Grand Rapids, Obituary Not.. YOU WILL APPRECIATE THIS Mich. OUTSTANDING BOOK!

THE BIBLE INSTITUTE COLPORTAGE ASS'N 848 N. Wells St. Chicago, Ill. David and Jonathan. Lucy Laing. (C01UJluded from sd cO'IJer.) 9G pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. and director of Indian missions. He Dr. William S. Bovard, Secretary London. was the author of "Mormonism, the of the Methodist Board of Education from 1924-1932, and since then the Golden Grain Almanac. Small-type • • • Islam of America" and other books. head of the Board's promotion work edition, 2d. and Gd.; large-type Bishop Wilbur Patterson Thir- until his retirement last June, died at edition, ~d. and lB. Pickering & kield, retired, of the Methodist Epis- Sierra Madre, California, on Septem- Inglis. LI. ~don. copal Church, leader in Negro educa· ber 16. tion in the United States, died on ••• Golden Grah'. Diary. Vest-pocket November 9th, after several months' edition. lB. to G8. Gd.; Standard Hon. Hampei Nagao and Rev. M. Edition, lB. t<. GB. Gd. Pickering & • • illness at 82 years of age. Inglis. Londoh. Akazawa, two Japanese Christian • High Lights in the Near East. leaders, died recently. The former Reminiscences of nearly 40 years' Col. George Wingate, the founder used his political influence to further service. Abdul-Fady (A. T. Up- of the Central Asian Mission, and a the temperanee cause; and the latter son) • 128 pp. 28. 6d. Marshall, highly honored Christian and promot- was Bishop of the Methodist Church. Morgan & Scott. London. er of Christian work, died recently in England at the age of 84. He was Mexico Today. Col. Irving Speed a member of the board of the Regions Wallace. 364 pp. $2.00. Meador Beyond Missionary Union. Pub. Co. Boston. JUST OFF THE PRESS! My Robber-Captain. C. G. Kilpper. 166 pp. $1.00. Wm. B. Eerdmans The Presbyterian .!,mn~ Pub. Co. Grand Rapids.

New Testament Principles and Mod- A weekly religious newspaper in of tbt ern Missions. By a Missionary its lo6th year of continuous pub- Secretary. Gd. 22 pp. World Do- (!Cbri~tian minion Press. London.

New Testament Commentary. Edited lication under the same name. 1Lift by Herbert C. Allerman. United Lutheran Pub. House. Philadel- It is conservative and evangel- ell BOOK of worship in song, com- phia,l'a. ical, gets its news by telegraph bining a hymnal for general and keeps abreast of the times. church use, and a song book for evan- Portuguese East Africa-A Study of gelistic purposes. Owy songs sound Its Religious Needs. Eduardo Mor- It goes into every state of the in the faith and inspirational-in char- eira. 104 pp. 28. Gd. World Do- Union, the District of Columbia, acter included•••emphasizing Evangel- minion Press. London. and U. S. possessions. ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. Many of the new._.the best of the old. Reftections of a Pioneer. W. R. S. It goes to Asia and Africa, South Miller. 58. 22G pp. C. M. S. Lon- America, Canada and New Zealand don.

The Silent Oak. Armine Gabriel. 298 pp. $2.50. RevelL New York.

What Maurice Found. Laura A. and into twelve countries of Eu- Barter-Snow. 189 pp. lB. Gd. rope. Pickering & Inglis. London. 504 Songs Responsive Readings Why Quit Our Own. Geo. N. Peek, Subscription Price, • • .' $2.50 Samuel Crowther. D. Van Nos- Ministerial Rate, • • • $2.00 Topical Index Gold Embossed trand Co., New York. Published in round notes and Roxite cloth Christmas in Other Lands. Compiled 50e. extra..·Canadian postage by Dorothy M. Horne. Illus. 63 $1.00 extra•••foreign postage edition only at $65.00 per lOQ….·an especially pp. lB. Gd. S. P. G. in F. P. Lon- low price. Single copy, SSe. postpaid. don. THE PRESBYTERIAN Write todal/ fOT .etumable sample cop, 11'11 Through the Eye to the Heart. 1217 Market: St:reet, Philadelphia, Pa. j Edited br Hy Pickerin~. 28. 1G4 CHRISTIAN PUBUCATIONS. pp. PIckering & Ingbs. London. INCORPORATED Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — August 1929

Ewing

THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK DR. WILBERT W. WHITE, President DEGREES IN THEOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION The Biblical Seminary in New York (interdenominational) calls the attention of students to the fact that its courses leading to the following degrees have been approved and registered by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York: In the Department of Theology: Bachelor of Sacred Theology, Master of Sacred Theology, and Doctor of Sacred Theology.

In the Department of Religious Education: Bachelor of Religious Education, MaBter of Religious Edul"ation, and Doctor of Religious Education.

In addition the Seminary ("onducts a Department of Missions and a Department of Social Service.

The most modern pedagogical principles are employed in all departmentB. Bible Study in on,,'s mother tongue is the organizing principle of the curricnlum, hut with due regard to the other dbdplines belonging to each department.

Write for Catalogue, stating depa.tment in which you are interested. Address DR. WALTER E. BACHMAN, Dean, 235 East 49th Street, New York Publishers of THE BIBLICAL REVIEW A neW McConnell book on missions MISSIONARIES·· is an event Save Money —-:Ll:—- on Christmas Gifts HUMAN Missionaries: Now is the time to select NEEDS and your Christmas gifts. Accredited Mi.- sionaries are granted 100/0 discount on all WORLD orders of $50.00 or over taken from our CHRISTIANITY current ·general catalogues.

~¥. BISHOP FRANCIS J. McCONNELL Churcheo: Our Missionary Bnreau will relieve you of much worry and tell you President 01 the Federal Council 01 Churches how to save on Christmas donations and supplies for Missions. Here is a volume of prophetic significance. It emphasizes Field Secretaries: Antieipate the Holiday the human value that lies at needs of your stations. Communicate now the base of the Christian world with our Missionary Burea u for special task. "The present day argu- wholesale discounts on large orders. ment for Christianity … must consist as never before in act- A free copy of the famons Montgomery ual human results, which pre- Ward catalogue upon request. pare for and lead toward the vision of God." MONTGOMERY WARD &COMPANY $1.50 Missionary Bureau Chicago, U. S. A.

FRIENDSHIP PRESS 150 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention THE llIsRIONAR'L REVIEW OJ!' THE "TORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD DR. CHARLES L. WHITE, for twenty-one years Secretary of the American Baptist DEI,AVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Home Mission Society, has offered his resignation to take effect October first. CONTENTS-AUGUST, 1929 Dr. White was formerly president of Colby College and is now a Director of Page the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING FRONTISPIECE ……………….. . COMPANY and President of the Home Missions Council. Dr. White plans to How A GREAT CITY LOORS FROM THE devote himself to other important de- AIR. NEW YORK J:r'I~ANCIAL DISTRICT nominational and interdenominational activities. 'i'RA~.S~~)~.~[~.~~O~.SR~~E;:~f~~~~s~;.;, 581 *** TIlE. :.HU.R~~! .~N.D ?~lf{A~~J;~~S'R~Y 585 FRANK OLDRIEVE, ESQ., secretary of BUILDING CHRISTIAN CHARACTER the British Empire Leprosy Association and formerly of India, has resigned as ~~. I~D~.STR1A';U~L . W.' 'GRAi,>,j,;" 587 secretary of the Association and will make his home in Southern Rhodesia. LIFE-ITS MEANING AND USE ….. Dr. Robert G. Cochrane, recently of India, son of Dr. Thomas Cochrane, · •…•……. SADHU 8UNDAR SINGl! 590 editor of the World Dominion, is to suc- ceed Dr. Oldrieve as Secretary. AN INTERESTING CRUISE IN NICA· RAGUA '" .KENNETH G. HAMILTON 594 *** DIFF'ICUL'l' TIMES IN ALBANIA ….. DR. JOHN R. MOTT has recently re- • • • • • . . . . • . . . PHINEAS B. KENNEOY GOO turned from a world tour, during which he conferred with national Christian . G03 DR. c"lIi;rt~.:Y ~?::~~. ~~S.:E.~~. ~I~ leaders in India, China and Japan. The Japanese Emperor conferred upon him A. G07 PRESENTING CHRIST TO NEW the "First Class Order of the Sacred AMERICANS ….. H. McK,NNEY Treasure" in recognition of his services in promoting friendship between Japan ARE lIIISSIONARIES WANTED IN and America. This decoration is one of BRAZIL? . . . . . . . . . . ERASMO BRAGA (311 many conferred on Dr. Mott by foreign governments, EBEN E. OLCOTT. A CHRISTIAN LAY· MAN . . . . "TIl.]~I.UI 1. CHAl.IBERL.H~ G14 ** THE HAVANA CHRISTIAN CONGRESS FRANK A. HORNE, vice-president of the · …….•…………. E. A. ODELL 617 Board of Foreign Missions of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, recently received TOPICS OF 'l'HE TIMES …………. 621 the degree of Doctor of Commercial Science from Boston University. He is INTERNATIONAL ~IIssro~ARr COUNCIL, president of the Merchants Refrigerating Company; a helper of Herbert Hoover DICTATORSHIP AND LIBERTY I='l ITALY. in the United States Food Administra- tion during the World War; distin- AT THE HAVANA, CONGRESS. guished friend of many religious, wiTH PAPAl, PEACE educational and philanthropic causes. Iv!EXICO, *** THE OUTLOOK IN CHINA. DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, editor of The METHODS FOR WORKERS .•..•••••. Moslem World, has recently returned to ••… EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSO~ 625 his work in Cairo. He has been elected to the chair of missions in Princeton WOl>lAN'S FOREIGN MISS.!ON BUL· Theological Seminary and to a similar position in the Presbyterian Seminary ~~.~~~DJT;'i; ";,' fui,j,;A' jj: MACL~u~iN 031 at Chicago. He has not yet signified his acceptance of either position. He WOMAN'S HOllIE MISSION BULLETIN served as a missionary of the Reformed Church in Arabia, 1891-1905, and has be- · •• EDlTED BY ~-'l.JORENCE E. QUIXLAN 634 come an authority upon missionary work for Moslems. WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK ………… 037 REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D., BOOKS WORTH READING .••.••….• 053 General Secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the Reformed Church in the TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of U. S., was elected president of the Genfive.) F-oreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, eral Synod of that church at its recent 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, annual meeting. Dr. Schaeffer is one of the active forces in the missionary enter- 1928, by lIISS]ONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- prises and is a member of the Editorial Council of the REVIEW. PANY, INC. All rights reserved THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President DEI,AVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary WAf.JTER McDOUGALL, Trea8urer Publication Office, 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, Pa. 250 a copy. $2.50 a year.

Editorial and Business Office. 156 Fifth Avenu~, New York City Flntered os second-class matter at the Post Oflice, HarriRlJUrg, PUo, unuer Act of .l.larch 3. 1879. DR. C. H. HOLLEMAN, a Reformed I ,• Presbyterian Church missionary, arrived in Amoy, China, on June 23d, after a LET YOUR GIFT thrilling experience with bandits who captured him on May 23d. His captors to Foreign Missions marched him to Yungting with his hands tied behind his back. On May 27th, PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME military forces of Fukien Province threatened to attack and during the You can make a generous gift to foreign misflurry he escaped to a vacant house near sions and have a needed income for yourself by and hid in a giant rice kettle. That and others from the money you give by the night he made his way to friendly Chinese who hid him for two days, pro- Annuity Gift Plan vided him with food, clothing and money. Then he fled to Taipuhsien, Kwangtung, This plan relieves you of uncertainty and and hid in the British mission hospital worry caused by changing values of invested for twenty days. The bandits were Com- funds and assures you a fixed income of munists and wanted money. Mrs. Holleman and her children and Rev. and Mrs. 4!% to 9% per year Poppen escaped but the mission premises were looted. Dr. Holleman expects to for the rest ofyour life return to Lungyenchow as soon as conditions permit. A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. ** Protect yourself agalnst loss through FRED B. SMITH, Chairman of the Na- unwise investments and at the same time tional Citizen's Committee of 1,000 on help send the gospel to all the world. Law Enforcement and a prominent leader in the Men and Religious Movement, was For full £nformation write elected President of the Council of Congregational Churches at a recent meet- Ern••t F. Hall, Secretary, Dept. 01 Annuifi~. ing in Detroit. BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS *** of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

MISS MARIE MONSEN, a Norweg-ian 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Lutheran missionary since 1901 at Nanyang, Honan, was captured on April 23d OOMING EVENTS by Chinese pirates in their attack on a Yellow River steamer off Lungchow. August. International Congress of Miss Monsen was returning to China Christian Youth under the auspices of after a furlough and was on her way to the World's Alliance for International Hwanghsien to cooperate with the Amer- Friendship through the Churches-Gerican Baptist Mission. She was later re- many. leased by the pirates. August 3-9. World's Committee of Y. ** M. C. A.-Geneva.

CANON SELL of Madras (C. M. S.), August 7-14. Conference of the Inhas completed sixty-three years in India. ternational Fellowship of Reconciliation His literary output has been phenomenal, -Lyons, France. and he is now at work on his fortieth book. These books include twenty-three August 11-16. School of Home Misvolumes of Old Testament commentaries sions–Chautauqua, N. Y. and a number of publications on Islam. Through the help of the S. P. C. K., 200 August 18-23. School of Foreign Mis- Indian pastors have each a whole set of sions-Chautauqua, N. Y. commentaries. Little Christian literature has been written by Indians or with August 21-28. School of Missionsthe needs of India specially in view. Kerrville, Texas.

*** August 27. Continuation Committee of the Faith and Order Conference- A CORRECTION Maloja Palace, Switzerland.

REV. B. H. NIEBEL, Missionary Secre- August 28-September 1. Twelfth Antary of the Missionary Society of the nual Conference on "Human Relations in Evangelical Church, calls our attention Industry"-Silver Bay-on-Lake George, to an error in the statistics of this church N. Y. as quoted 'from Dr. Henry K. Carroll in the June REVIEW. Instead of a decrease September 2-13. Summer School for of 5,264 in membership for the year end- Rural Pastors-Bangor, Maine. ing August 31, 1928, there should have been recorded a net gain of 3,106 for the September 30-0ctober 4. School of year. There were a year ago 212,671 Home and Foreign Missions – Dallas, members. Texas.

October 15-16. School of Missions- Warren, Ohio.

Please mention TaR MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE "TORLD in writing to advertisers. HOW A GREAT CITY LOOKS FROM THE AIR. NEW YORK FINANCIAL DISTRICT (Note the Ant·Like Human Beings in Battery Park.)

LII, No.8 August

TRANSFORMATIONS IN CAMEROUN BY REV. ROBERT M. RUSSELL, Larchmont, New York E IGHT years ago a native abundant. In the Mbam River in evangelist began work in the dry season are the hippo and Yaounde, Cameroun, West crocodile. When the rains begin Africa. Four years later, Rev. and the rivers rise rapidly and in a Mrs. Joseph McNeill, missionaries few weeks communication with of the Presbyterian Church, were Bafia is likely to be cut off. assigned to open up an outstation. This is the country of the leop- Unlike most stations visited on ard and the lion. A frightened a recent tour in this field, Bafia is bush cat crossed the road before in the grass country. One can see us and ran into the jungle. A bush from thirty to forty miles over the cow was seen on the edge of the grassy plain toward the encircling mission compound a week ago, and hills. It was here that only twelve here are found four varieties of years ago, native tribes declared a antelope, the wild hog, numerous truce for market day, by taking varieties of monkeys and snakes human life. Someone, old or of various kinds.

young, was designated by the head- These people are tillers of the man of the tribe as the sacrifice, soil and, under the direction of and both tribes set to with cut- able and powerful headmen, have lasses and claimed their bit of planted their gardens well. They human flesh before the trading be- Rupplement their diet with game gan. The people then dressed as killed by spears or bows and arthey first came into the world, save rows.

for some trivial amulet or charm, The prevailing diseases of the the patent stopper of a modern country have wrought their awful bottle or some equally absurd nov- havoc and taken their dreadful toll. elty. From their mud house, Mr. Leprosy, syphilis and minor ail- and Mrs. McNeill taught patiently ments have kept the small mission the things of God. dispensary busy in an attempt to Crossing the Senega and Mbam minister to human needs. Sleep- Rivers on ferries made of planks ing sickness has begun its work, laid across four large dugout and so frightened are the natives canoes, we followed the well con- of the French Sleeping Sickness structed road by motor truck to Commission that they hide them- the country where animal life is selves for days rather than submit 581

to examination and treatment as teen. A native licentiate, Mvondo required by the government. Atyam, a charming man and a powerful preacher, was ordained At a conference of the evangel- as pastor in October. Both he and ists and teachers, we learned of a his wife are outstanding results of great number of orphaned children the missionary effort. in that district and, at the first service, we were astounded to learn There are twenty-six evangelthat there were two hundred and istic points in the district, fifteen eleven orphans (or one out of of which can be reached by motorevery four children in the gather- cycle. Mr. Newhouse goes out for ing) present. One boy in the home three and four weeks at a time and of Mr. and Mrs. Newhouse, the makes it a point to meet every present missionaries in charge, Christian in the village and make had been deserted by his mother a brief examination as to their A BIBLE READERS CLASS, PRESBYTERIAN MISSION, BAFIA, WEST AFRICA years ago, and had but recently faith and their conduct. I know found her. The needs of these un- of no one more conscientious or cared for children must be met, faithful in his devotion to his task, but where to begin is the question. and the Sunday service well illus- Of the 86,000 people in the district, trated the thoroughness of his thousands of children are orphans, labors. having lost their parents by death or by desertion. Long before eight o'clock in the morning, the roads were filled The Girls' School has one hundred and twenty-five in attend- with people journeying to the ance; the station Bulu school one hundred and twenty. The French church. This had been enlarged school, under able native leader- and a native roof extended from ship, enrolls two hundred and four- one building to give protection from the sun. By nine fifteen, every seat was filled and chairs

TRANSFORMATIONS IN CAMEROUN

and boxes were lined outside with- siderate and thoughtful. On the in hearing distance. As we en- day of our visit, Machan, another tered the building, it seemed as equally powerful headman, sent though thousands of palm birds Mrs. Newhouse a goat with which were chattering, but in an instant to entertain her guests. One of his there was worshipful silence. sons is a confessing Christian. While he is an aggressive Moham- The native licentiate took a medan, and is doing all he can in prominent part in the service with a peaceful way to promote his Mr. Newhouse, and it was my faith, yet he is, willingly or otherprivilege to speak, Dr. Johnston wise, tolerant of the Christians and interpreting into Bulu, while three PART o~' A SUNDAY MORNING CONGREGATION, BAFIA, WEST Al"RICA other interpreters translated si- appreciative of our educational multaneously into Bafia, Yembassi and Osenanga. It was a wonder- work. ful experience; the interruption In the audience, the evangelists' due to the interpreting did not affect the worship of the hour. wives were dressed in their finest – gowns imported from Paris. Think of the change that has The sizes showed that they had come into that community in seven been purchased from some mail years! To my left was Ndenge, a order house. Bright kerchiefs were native headman, ruling 35,000 peo- used as head pieces, and, in fact, ple. He has fourteen wives and is the women Board members at our a nominal Moslem, but very con- General Assembly in America, could not have looked finer ($1.30

a yard at McCutcheons!). The from another church. It was my older women sat, for the most privilege to baptize the remaining part, by themselves, dressed in six-a woman well on in years, very scanty attire. The men have three boys, a young man and a picked up European styles and younger woman. This is one of were dressed in their best. Some the very happy memories of my attires were hardly in keeping with visit to Cameroun. "what the well dressed man will wear." A dinner jacket seemed The audience numbered nearly out of place before the noon hour, 3,000, and was the largest service but they were respectful and knew ever held at Bafia. Having begun at 9: 30, we adjourned at 11: 30, A BULU MISSIONARY SCHOOL TEACHER .permitting those who were nGt AND HIS FAMILY communicant members of the church to withdraw. Then we met something of the meaning and sig- a little group of about 200 to celenificance of the Lord's Day wor- brate together the Holy Supper of ship. our Lord. To become a church member in Africa, requires first Mr. Newhouse and his session a confession and straightening out had worked for days examining of all illicit relationships, then the candidates. Many were refused person is on probation for at least for various reasons, but chiefly on a year. If no charges of any kind grounds of adultery. Seven, how- can be brought against them, they ever, presented themselves to join are advanced into the second catethe church, one coming by letter chumen class where they remain for another year or longer. They are then baptized and received as members into the church. At the present time, there are 2,300 in the first catechumen class, 600 in the second catechumen class, and the membership now stands at 231. This is a mighty tribute to the ef- forts of our missionaries. I mar- vel at their patience and their endurance. In a section where there is but an occasional trader or government man, they live and move and have their being with a single purpose of presenting Christ and establishing the Christian con- science in a backward people where conscience means very little. It is with great joy that I think of this visit of not more than forty-eight hours. It would have been incom- plete had I not seen with mine own eyes the power of the living Christ there.

CHURCH AND THE

BY REV. RANDOLPH RAY, D.D., New York City Rector of the Ohurcli of the Trmnsjiyuration I T IS estimated that more than ground that the actors did not 18,000 men and women are en- want an alliance with the Church, gaged in the theatrical profes- but wished to be in a guild of sion in New York and vicinity. workers in the Church. The Ro- Contrary to the impression of man Catholics recognized this very many people, the actor is almost important difference and organized always incurably religious. He is a Catholic Actors' Guild, some highly emotional by nature and is fifteen years ago. This Guild now the possessor of that indefinable has several thousand members, thing, the artistic temperament. with headquarters at 220 West The artist is born psychic, not in Forty-second Street. It has a the sense of dealing with the oc- number of chaplains and lay work- cult, or spiritism, but he has a ers and is actively engaged in re- large soul and is inherently spirit- ligious and philanthropic work.

ual. A distinguished actress said Three years ago the Jewish to the writer, "I believe that we, Theatrical Guild of America was as a class, have greater capacity organized and now numbers many for feeling and knowing God-that thousand nembers. Mr. William we need God-more than any other Morris is the President and it is group of people. Why is it we so doing a most active work with often allow ourselves to become headquarters at 1560 Broadway.

shut away, lost in the mrelstrom of Out of an active group of Prot- the physical, and smash and blun- estant actors and members of der so blindly?" kindred professions grew the The theatre and the pulpit are "Episcopal Actors' Guild of Amer- more closely related than seems ica" with headquarters at Np. 1 apparent to a casual observer. The East Twenty-ninth Street, New phrase "Church and stage" are York. In less than five years this often spoken of as two organiza- has gathered more than two thou- tions opposed to each other. We sand professional members in ad- do not so refer to the "Church and dition to nearly one thousand the law," or the "Church and church men and women off the the medical profession," or the stage. Mr. George Arliss is the "Church and civil engineering." President and the National Head- The members of the theatrical quarters are at the Church of the profession belong to the stage as a Transfiguration, for many years profession or vocation, but they affectionately known to actors as are children of the Church and are "The Little Church Around the as a class no better, no worse than Corner." The association of the members of other vocations. theatrical profession with this In the reorganization of the parish dates back to the early sev- Actors' Church Alliance great op- enties, when the Reverend George position to the use of this name Hendric Houghton interested him- came primarily from the members self in the religious welfare of the of the theatrical profession, on the actors. Up to that time the oppo- 585

sition to the stage on the part of conventional life that surround many church people had bred a and restrain the average business prejudice which Dr. Houghton did man or society woman form no much to overcome. It was Joseph such barriers for him. His temp- Jefferson who pronounced the en- tations are greater, his freedom is dearing benediction "God bless the appalling. Great credit is due to Little Church Around the Corner" those who accomplish a sane and when burial had been refused normal life, and the actor, on the George Holland, a well-known ac- whole, does accomplish this. The tor, at a neighboring church. marital scandals and wild orgies of These guilds help to link more a comparatively small number closely to the church members of make news for our daily press, but, the theatrical profession. Their under most adverse circumstances, chaplains visit sick actors in the the average actors live happy, hospitals and in their homes, and beautiful home lives as contented in other ways minister to their wives, affectionate and loyal hus- physical and spiritual needs. The bands, self-sacrificing children. I Episcopal Churches of St. Mary know many men and women on the the Virgin, and St. Clements, stage who make practical applica- (both on West 46th Street), are in tion of their faith, not only in the very heart of the theatrical working out their religious and world and hundreds of actors at- moral problems, but the problems tend their services. of their profession. At the close The Union Methodist Episcopal of service in my church one Sun- Church (on West 48th Street) is day morning, a very unactressy also doing wonderful work among looking woman spoke to me at the them. St. Malachy's Roman Cath- door and said: "For years in the olic Church (West 49th St.) is days of hard work and bitter dis- specially set aside as an actor's couragements, it was my custom church and a special Mass at mid- to come here and pray, going out day on Sunday is largely and faith- with renewed strength to work.

fully attended by members of the Today I feel as if, indeed, God had profession. A large number of answered my many prayers." She actors also find a home in The was the star in a very successful Little Church Around the Corner. and wholesome Broadway play.

(Fifth Avenue and 29th St.). Another actress, known on both Unfortunately, public opinion sides of the Atlantic, came to me still generally holds that the actor and said "I have not taken com- is usually immoral or unmoral, ir- munion in many years. I thought religious or unreligious, and gener- I had lost God. I came here to the ally wild. It is true, that the actor church recently in great sorrow.

is most unconventional. He works The little light there of God's Pres- when others play-steps out of ence," pointing to the Sanctuary character to dance and dine when Lamp, "has drawn me back to him.

other people are starting to bed. Will you prepare me for commu- He sleeps when others work. It is nion ?"

therefore, much more of an effort The Guilds and religious organ- for him to attend an early Mass or izations are organized to encourage an eleven o'clock service than for and increase mutual interest and most of us. The repressions of sympathy between the clergy and

BUILDING CHRISTIAN CHARACTER IN INDUSTRY

the members of the profession. theatre shall stand one hundred per They are national societies and cent for integrity and honest dealsome of them have chaplains all ing. We want to build a reputaover the United States to carryon tion for such standards that there this work among resident or visit- will be no need of censorship, that ing players. Every clergyman in the theatre may be indeed the the City of New York might well handmaid of religion, morality and be an active member of one of the highest culture." A large numthese organizations and do all in ber of actors are sons and daughhis power to interest his parish- ters of clergymen; some of the men ioners in it so that they may under- have studied for the ministry; and stand the actor and may help and many more have grown up in encourage him as a member of the Christian homes. They love and Church of Christ. reverence the Church and Guilds are means of keeping them loyal Many will be surprised to find to their traditions, of bringing how earnest actors are to work back those who have lost them, of for high standards of morality and making new friends for Christ and beauty. One actor, speaking of a recent organization for better His Church. * plays, says: "We have pledged ourselves, no matter what the fu- tjc There are also several organizations of ture success may be, that the l)rtoI's thnt make for moral stamina and higher I5tundards. Srvpral of these are officered or sponsored by faithful members of the Church.

BUILDING CHRISTIAN CHARACTER IN INDUSTRY BY DR. SAMUEL W. GRAFFLIN, New York Religious lVork D'ircvtor oj the lr(J~t Side Y. .M. G. A.

T HERE is only one reason for wiser and kinder in their attitude, being in business. It is to and to make those who work more make money. Whenever a efficient and contented to the end man tells you he is in business for that when they assume the manageany other reason I believe that he ment, as some of them of necessity is not telling the truth. There is will, they may be better fitted by only one reason for getting up and that education and training to asgoing to work every day. It is to sume the direction and supervision make a living for one's self and of their fellowmen. family and to provide for one's old age and retirement. Years ago we realized the value of the industrial shop meeting as With the present organization a character building enterprise. of industry, in great shops and fac- By character I mean Christian tories, there is, however, an oppor- character-Christ founded, Christ tunity to present education and inspired, Christ patterned and built spiritual truth to the workers in up in the belief that only that charthat factory and to the manage- acter that is sound at heart and ment in their executives' and fore- touched with real Christian love men's meetings in such a way as to can be abiding and worth while. sweeten the line from top to bottom, to make the men who manage To some the shop meeting pro- gram may consist in nothing but

the presentation of "Gospel Truth." the correction of bad habits, health We have conducted certain shop in the home, in the shop, safety meetings for years in which noth- talks, community health. In other ing was used except the Bible story words, a gospel for the body.

and the spiritual lesson drawn Then there is a gospel for the from it; shop meetings in which mind. Ignorance and vice are too the opportunity was given for pub- closely associated for us not to lic Christian decision. We have realize the need for such a mes- also conducted other shop meetings sage.

in which the very character, ignor- There is also an industrial gos- ance, illiteracy and non-Christian pel. That man would be recreant background of the personnel made to his trust who did not make clear such a program impossible. Only to those whom he addressed the on great festival occasions in which value of being an effective, skilled it would be naturally expected that craftsman, whatever the task.

we mention Christ and Christianity There is the great spiritual gos- did we present the Christian mes- pel of Christ. A careful reading of sage. On other occasions where the life and teaching of Jesus will the Bible ,was used we drew our show that He cheered, comforted, stories and illustrations from the healed, instructed, taught econom- Old Testament, as did Jesus and ics, rebuked harshness, bitterness, the early disciples. and oppression in such a way that As a result of experience we no matter what He said or taught have been able to work out a Gos- men turned to Him for vision and pel message for shop workers, to seek life and help from God.

which we call "The Five Point There is also the Gospel of serv- Man," which is placed in the hands ice, in which the strong man, the of those who speak in the shops. wise man, the efficient man, the The body of man is the temple good man, places his talents at the of the Holy Spirit; the mind of disposal of the less favored.

man contains that rare immortal The following topics are placed thing-imagination, the eye of the in the hands of the speakers. We soul. Man works at a task and if have never known a man who he is indifferent and non-efficient dared to prepare thoroughly for he clogs the wheels of progress and these talks, or who secured the defrauds those dependent on him. services of physician, minister, Man has a soul, a soul which must lawyer, teacher or business man to be morally sound, with a God-given deliver these talks, who did not find righteousness; God, through J e- as the result of such effort better sus Christ, stands ready to give citizenship, nobler manhood and him the divine help which he needs. womanhood, more real Christian Such a man-well of body, wise of living.

mind, industrially efficient and Many instances could be given, morally sound, can do, must do a with human interest stories by the piece of service for his less favored hundred, cases in which as many fellowmen. as ten or eleven men, strong men, On this line we have outlined a have stepped out and confessed program to last for a year: a pro- Christ while hundreds of their fel- gram to include health talks, pre- low workers stood around. One ventive hygiene, personal purity, case in particular is that of one of

A NOONDAY RELIGIOUS SHOP MEE '!'ING IN NEW YORK America's really strong labor lead- an aid to those who are so splendidly ers who was "born again" in a cooperating with us by speaking in our machine shop meeting. The whole influence of that man's life has shops, we are sending out this list of been helpful, constructive, worthwhile. We know of employers topics: whose interest in their own men has been quickened beyond meas- I – BOO1': ure by a visit to the shop meeting that was being held by those men. I-Hpnlth TalkS-Preventive Hygiene. We know of cities in which hun- Eyf"s. Ears, Nose, Thl'oat, Teeth, Feet, dreds of homes are Christian Body. homes, with family prayers, with good books and good deeds, born of 2-P ersonal Purity. the father's regeneration in a shop 3-The Correction of Ball Habits. meeting. 'I- Health In the Home. 5- Tlealth in the Shop, including Safety The industrial shop meetings are without doubt a character building ' l' n J k s enterprise. 6–CoUluiulLity Health.

THE FIVE POINT MAN TJ-TiJDUOATION: Suggestions to Shop Meeting Speakers l-Cl'ime and the 105th Grade Slacker." 2- The Highway of the Head. DEAR FRIEND: We are making an at- 3-The Importance of Education. tempt in our shop meetings to develop the idea of a "five-point man": The man As a Source of Income, As a Source who is physically fit; the man who is of Pleasure, As un Introduction to educationally trained; who is industri- Better Associations. ally efficient; who is morally soundwith a God-given righteousness-and the 4-rrhe American Form of Government man who is of service to his fellows. As Executive, Juuicial, Legislutlve.

u- Citizenship.

Ilf-INDUS1'RIAL El'FIOIENCY: l-The Master Craftsman. 2- The 1:fnn Vho Knows and Dues. 3-How to Become a Skilled Workman. 4-The Secret of Failure Among Men of Industry. 5-The Great Craftsmen of History.

IV-MORAL SOUNDNESS: l – Tbe Moral Code. 2-'I'he Holy Heroes of History. 3-The Highest Good. 4- Custom. Character and Conduct 5-The Man Christ Jesus. .

6–The Things thut Count.

Y-SERYIOFJ: l–'l'he Vision of Service. 2-·The Opportunity in Service. 3- The Oblig-lltion to Serve. 4-'l'he Uewards of Service. (I-The JOY oC Service.

LIFE-ITS MEANING AND

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, Sabathu, North India L IFE, in every creature, is an deep experience of the inner life. unseen and hidden reality, As Goethe has said, "the highest whatever is seen outwardly cannot be spoken." But it can be of life is but its partial manifesta- enjoyed and put into action.

tion. The atheist fails to under- One day during my meditation stand what life is and he attributes and prayer I felt Christ's presence it to matter. But the source of life strongly. My heart overflowed must be life; lifeless matter can- with heavenly joy. I saw that in not produce life. Only those who this world of sorrow and suffering, have an intimate relation with the there is a hidden and inexhaustible Source of Life can understand this mine of great joy, of which the mystery. world knows nothing because even We cannot comprehend the real men who experience it are not able inner life of any creature, because to speak of it adequately and conit is hidden under a partial mani- vincingly. I was anxious to go festation of itself. The full mani- down to the neighbouring village festation of the spiritual life is to share that joy with others. But possible only in the spiritual because of my physical illness, world; the material world is in- there arose a conflict between my sufficient for its full expression. soul and my body. The soul wanted An animal has warmth, move- to go; the body lagged behind.

ment, growth and other signs of But finally I overcame and dragged life. These only we see and not my sick body forward and told the the life itself, of which they are people in the village what Christ's the outward signs. But by living presence had done for me and in Christ, who is the Source of would do for them. They knew Life, we can know Him as He is that I was ill and that there was in Himself, according to our needs some inner compUlsion which and capacities. By knowing Him urged me to speak to them. Thus thus we come to know ourselves though I was unable to explain all who are created after God's that Christ's presence meant to me, "image and likeness" and may that deep experience had been know also the real nature of our translated into action and men had inner life. been helped. Where the tongue is The spirit of egotism hinders us lacking, life reveals the reality. As from attaining a knowledge of St. Paul says, "The letter killeth, reality. We should not be like but the spirit giveth life." (2 Cor.

Carneades who said to his teacher: 3: 6). "If I have reasoned rightly, you As some insects with their an- are wrong; if not, 0 Diogenes, re- tennre feel their surroundings and turn me the mina I paid you for distinguish between hurtful and my lesson." Carneades was not useful things, so spiritual men, willing to admit his mistake. In through their inner senses, avoirl any case he wanted to lay the dangerous and destructive in- blame on his teacher for not hav- fluences and enjoy God's sweet and ing taught him to argue correctly. live-giving presence; they are con- rt is very difficult to explain the strained by their blissful experi- 590 ence to bear witness to God. As this life on account of its struggles Tertullian said, "whenever the soul and anxieties, may repress the will comes to itself and attains some- to live, they cannot get rid of the thing of its natural soundness, it will to believe. Even if they have speaks of God." no belief in God or in any other Almost everyone has an inner spiritual reality, they have at least capacity-some more, some less– belief in their unbelief. Pyrrho to sense spiritual truths without said, "We cannot even be sure that knowing how they have attained we are not sure."

them. As someone has said, "they The inner life or personality of know without knowing how." For man cannot be freed by changing instance, Colburn (1804-1840), the place or by killing the body, when six years old, was asked how but only by putting off the "old many seconds there are in eleven man," and putting on the "new years. In four seconds he gave the man," thus passing from death to correct answer. When questioned life. Those who go astray, instead as to how he had arrived at the of satisfying their inner craving answer the boy said that he did in the Creator, try to satisfy it in not know; .all he could say was their own crooked ways. The result that the answer came to his mind. is, that instead of being happy and So God reveals spiritual realities satisfied, they become miserable. A to those who live according to His thief who is stealing and hoarding will. things as a way to attain happiness The will to live, which is present is not only missing his happiness in every man, is an impulse urg- but, by his acts of theft, he is de- ing him to carry life to its per- stroying the very capacity for it.

fection, that is, to that state in That capacity is deadened by his which the purpose of God for that sinful conduct. If he loses the sense life will be fulfilled, so that he will of the sinfulness of theft, and his be eternally happy in Him.. On the conscience does not feel remorse, other hand, to those who are with- he has already committed spiritual out the experience of the joyful suicide. He has not only killed the inner life in God, life is a burden. capacity, but has killed the soul, Schopenhauer was one of these; he which had the capacity.

said "Life is hell." There is noth- Real joy and peace do not depend ing strange in the fact that such on wealth, kingly power or other people wish to commit suicide. As material possessions. If this were a result of the teaching of the so, all men of wealth in the world Greek philosopher Hegesius, sev- will be happy and contented and eral hundred young men committed princes like Buddha, Mahavira and suicide. S eve r a I philosophers, Bhartari would not have renounced like Zeno, Empedoc1es and Seneca their kingdoms. But real and per- put an end to their lives, but the manent joy is found only in the strange thing is that their philos- Kingdom of God, which is estab- ophy did not show them how to lished in the heart, when we are remove those things which made born again.

them unhappy, instead of destroy- The secret and reality of this ing their life. Such is the philos- blissful life in God cannot be un- ophy of the world. (James 3: 15). derstood without receiving, living Although some, who are tired of and experiencing it, if anyone tries

to understand it only with the in- other hand, and by following the tellect, he will find his effort use- truth, he is made free forever less. A scientist who wished· to (John 8: 32). The works of those discover in what part of the bird's who are thus made free and spend all their life in His service, that is, body life was centered and what of those who die in the Lord, will the life was, began dissecting the follow them. (Rev. 14:13). To bird. The result was that the very "die in the Lord" does not mean life of which he was in search dis- real death, for the Lord is "the appeared mysteriously. Those who Lord of the living and not of the try to understand the inner life dead." As the Lord said, "whosoof the Soul of man by intellectual ever will lose his life for my sake, dissection will meet with a similar the same shall save it." (Luke 9: fate. The life for which they are 23) . looking will vanish in the analysis. If one lives and dies in evil and In comparison with this great darkness, it is not the fault of the world, the human heart is a very Lord. He "lighteth every man that small thing. Though the world is cometh into the world" (John 1: so large, it is utterly incapable of 9). The difference between a good satisfying man's heart. Man's life and an evil life is like that beevergrowing soul and its capacities tween diamond and coal. Though can only be satisfied in the infinite both are made of carbon, there is a vast difference between them. God. As water is restless until it The diamond reflects the sun's light reaches its own level, so the soul with glowing beauty, while the coal has no peace until it rests in God. remains dark and dull even in the brightest sunshine. So the Sun of The material body cannot keep Righteousness shines on good and company forever with the spirit. evil men alike but revealing dif- After fulfilling its purpose for ferent characteristics and destinies. sometime, as the instrument of the There is no defect in the Sun, but soul for its work in the world, the only in the sinner. body begins to refuse, through weakness and old age, to go along Man's state is like that of the with the spirit any further. This earth. The sun does not set and is because the body cannot keep hide itself away from us. The real pace with the eternally-growing fact is that the earth tUrns away soul. from the sun. The earth would be lost in the dark spaces of the uni- Although the spirit and the phys- verse if it were not being contin- ually drawn towards the sun and ical body cannot live together for- so kept in its light and warmth. ever, the fruits of the work which So the Sun of Righteousness draws they have done together, will re- all men to Himself by the attracmain for ever. So it is necessary tion of His love (John 12: 32). to lay carefully the foundation of our eternal life. But the pity of it When one member of the body is is that by the misuse of his freedom man loses it forever. Free- wounded, the whole body is busy dom means the capacity to do either good or evil deeds. By constantly healing it. In the same manner, choosing evil, man becomes a slave of sin and destroys his freedom and if we are in Christ and He is in life. (John 8: 21, 34). us, then, by His Divine life, He will By giving up his sins, on the

LIFE-ITS MEANING AND USE

heal our wounds of sin and give us the habit of procrastination will the joy of sound spiritual health. become so ingrained that when more time is given, we will waste This new life does not set us that time also. "He that is unjust free from all temptation and in the least is unjust also in much." trouble, but by receiving this new (Luke 16: 10). life, we become separate from the world, so that there will be more Everyone should fulfill in his conflict and struggle than before. life the purpose of his Creator and The difference will be that whereas spend it for the glory of God and before the s e temptations and the good of others. Everyone troubles were unbearable, now we should follow his calling and carry will be victorious and they become on his work according to his Godmeans of blessing and joy. "We given gifts and capacities. "Now know that all things work together there are diversities of gifts but for good to them that love God." the same spirit." (1 Cor. 12: 4, (Romans 8: 28). 11). The same breath is blown into the flute, the cornet, and the bag- The struggle is necessary for the pipe; but different music is progrowth and perfection of our hid- duced according to the different den capacities and qualities. He instruments. In the same way the who has granted life to us will one Spirit works in God's children, help us to win victory in this holy but different results are produced war, so that by overcoming the and God is glorified through them world, death and Satan, we may according to each one's talents and enter into His eternal Kingdom. personality.

If we make the· best use of God- In this world there is very little given opportunities we will not harmony between the inner and the waste our precious time by neglect outer life. If we live according to or carelessness. Many people say, the will of God, then the time will "There is plenty of time to do this come when there will be perfect or that; don't worry." But they harmony between the inner and the do not realize that if they do not outer life forever. make good use of this short time, PRESIDENT HOOVER ON THE BIBLE ~~THERE is no other book so various as the Bible, nor one so full of concentrated wisdom. Whether it be of the law, business, morals or that vision which leads the imagina- tion in the creation of constructive enterprises for the happiness of mankind, he who seeks for guidance in any of these things may look inside its covers and find illumination. The study of this book is a post-graduate course in the richest library of human experience.

"As a nation, we are indebted to the Book of books for our national ideals and representative institutions. Their preservation rests in adhering to its principles."

A message from HERBERT HOOVER, President of the United States, given at the National Federation of Men's Bible Classes, in Baltimore, Maryland May 5,1929.

2

INTERESTING CRUISE IN

BY REV. KENNETH G. HAMILTON, Bluefields Missiona.ry of the .ll(Fravian Mi88ion T HE forests and swamps along skinned people, with broad faces the Caribbean coast of Nica- and straight, heavy, black hair. ragua she I t e r aboriginal Indeed, you might dress them in tribes of Indians, almost as pure furs and pass them anywhere as in blood today as when the caravel typical Esquimaux. Needless to of Columbus nosed her way down say, they do not dress in fUrs, this coast vainly searching for a though in our days they wear am- channel westward to the Indies. pIe clothing of a simple kind. The Protected by their dismal forests, younger generation even aspires by their inhospitable shore, by the to straw hats. They are few in fevers that fought with them, and number. Perhaps 200 all told live probably chiefly by the poverty of on their beautiful little island, their land, a number of races found within sight of the beams that flash a safe asylum here while the rest of from Bluefields' light house, but the Ameri'cas had to submit to the still ever so remote as regards their yoke of the white man. For cen- plane of living. Their homes have turies these natives have kept their not changed much in these cen- own tongue, their own ways, their turies, I think: a dirt floor, an own laws in part, their own faiths, oval wall made by the simple ex- uninfluenced by the Spanish civili- pedient of planting one post after zation and the Catholic faith of another in the ground as close to- the lands about them. Here you gether as possible, and a roof of have utter heathen still, heathen thatched palm. Such a house can who never have even heard of the be built, and often is, without us- name of Jesus, though God be ing a single nail. True, if you ex- thanked their number is growing amine the utensils of the hut and few. the crude furniture it contains, you Protestant mISSIOnaries were will see that modern commerce is first sent to this land by the Mora- knocking at the door even of Rama vian Church in 1849, and for near- Key. For the Indian carries fire ly eighty years the Saviour has wood, and oysters, and eggs, and blessed their witness for Him; so oranges, and coconuts to town, or that at the end of 1927 our mission sells bananas to the company's counted a total membership of barge at his river bank, and buys nearly 12,000 souls. Of these the flour, sugar, sewing machines, large majority are Indians belong- cloth, knives, guns, whiskey, and ing to various tribes, though a con- quinine. And he buys the boards siderable minority are descendants he needs to bury his dead.

of African immigrants, come from Seventy years ago, the first mis- various lands bordering the Carib- sionary made his home on the little bean. island. Then the place had a most Of the various Indian tribes, one forbidding reputation; the Ramas of the smallest that still survives, were slaves to vice and given to and one of the purest, is the Rama. violence. The well he dug is They are a short, squat, brown- pointed out today, and still serves 694 all the huts in the neighborhood. called urgently: "Come up and And the water of life, of which he help us!" So it came about that brought the glad promise, still is the cruise of the "Three Sisters," a well of water in many a heart, our large dug-out sailing boat, was springing up unto eternal life. planned to explore the unknown Nominally, there are no heathen antipodes of our field. left on Rama Key. The congregation is self-supporting, has a large After dark, when the rains had church building which it keeps in abated, the church bell called us good repair, and in which it meets to gather for worship: the captain every Lord's Day in worship. It and crew of the "Three Sisters," is taught by a Rama Christian who the marines, and the Rama Key also conducts a very elementary natives all united by a common tie day school. Only at stated inter- for that short hour. One of the vals does a foreign missionary vis- Indians was our organist. As the Indians on the island are fairly WHEN WE VISITED CANE CREEK IN THE "THREE SISTERS·'

it the island to administer the well acquainted with English, servsacraments. ices are conducted in that lan- guage. But further south along the Nicaraguan-coast lie little settlements We set sail early one morning of heathen Indians, of which men- from Rama Key and came just betion is made from time to time in fore noon to our first stopping ant-eaten records in the mission place, Wirring Key bar. It was archives. And rarely does such certainly a wicked-looking harbor. mention contain anything compli- To the seaward the swells were mentary to them. It seems, for booming dully on a hidden reef as one reason or another, some of though in disappointment at our these communities were never vis- evading them. Right in the mouth ited by any missionary-probably of the bar, two low, ugly black because they were small, and pop- rocks lay crouching in the breakers. ulous parts of the coast to the north The water was unusually calm so

we had no difficulty in passing pinned down unwary fish. Cala- them, but with the heavy seas com- mon along this part of the coast, bashes of all shapes stood about, the bar must be very dangerous in- deed. Two sharks we saw, cruising corn hung drying under the eaves, around expectantly. a fermented mash of the fruit of From the water, five huts could be seen through a screen of trees the supa palm was wrapped in and hanging vines. When we landed we found four more stand- great green leaves ready for the ing a little back on the ridge. Only two huts in the little village had hunters' return, plantain hung rip- board floors, raised a couple of feet off the ground. Three women and ening in one house, and on a pole in two babies proved to be the sole occupants of the place on our ar- another strips of dried fish. An rival. They put one of the floored huts at our disposal. Its walls ancient wooden rack used mani- • were still in the process of con- struction, but newness in a native festly to barbecue game stood to hut is a virtue. Of these women one was the village ancient. Her the east of the village, to the wind- husband had been an eminent snake doctor, till he one day failed to ward that is, so that its smoke cure himself, when bitten by a would serve the double purpose of snake. Her own name is "Kul- mang," though none of the natives curing the meat and driving away professed to know how it came to be given her. "Kulmang," is the the clouds of sandflies that make Rama term for a ghost, a particu- lar ghost, like a small woman with life miserable at times. All this sweeping hair, who is seen occa- sionally by people in the heart of might have dated four hundred the forest. Her appearance is a certain omen of coming death, not years back or more. In one hut, the death of the beholder it is true, but of some near relative of his. an empty white jar stood on the However, Mrs. Kulmang of Wir- ring Key is not at all small-the ground, and it was decorated with very opposite-nor does she look ghostly in the least. the familiar legend in black letters, In the village. Here were mod- "Keller's Dundee Marmalade." By ern and ancient times dwelling happily together. Bows and arrows the door of another hut lay a big leaning against the wall of our house, not just curiosities nor the rubber ball, decorated with all the implements of fashionable leisure these, but arrows that had brought letters of the alphabet and num- down birds, killed deer on the run >~~ and the wild hog in its charge, and bers up to ten.

Wirring Key is said by the natives not to be an Indian name.

Its first settlers were negroes, so that possibly the word is of Afri- can derivation. The Ramas mi- grated to Wirring Key from Punta Gorda in the time of the filibusters under Gen. Walker, when natives were drafted against their will to fight on either side. No doubt Wir- ring Key's inaccessibility made it a secure retreat. The village lies on a narrow ridge of dry land.

Of the nine dwellings which made up the village, four were the dwellings of the dead. That the Rama Indians should build huts over the graves of their dead, is not strange; all the tribes along the coast did so formerly. But that the Wirring Key people should dwell in an ancient graveyard ar- gues a strength of mind and free-

AN INTERESTING CRUISE IN NICARAGUA

dom from superstition that is very that this was an Indian custom.

unusual. Once they lived on the When a baby is weaned and given sea beach. The ocean washed away its first bones to suck, such bones the land on which their houses may not be thrown away but must stood. Probably, too, the sandflies be preserved by the parents, to be proved more formidable than any given to the child when it grows fear of departed spirits. At all older. The latter then hides them events they migrated to the only carefully away in some hollow tree, other high ground in the neighbor- or other safe place, over which no hood, and that was the spot where foot will ever walk.

they had laid their dead. The In the "kitchen" belonging to marks of ancient graves could eas- our temporary residence, the In- ily be found all about us, when we dian women were busy with hands looked for them. In one burial hut and tongue. The kitchen is a sep- were two recent graves. The sur- arate hut, built some distance from face of both had been freshly dis- the dwelling. In Rama it is called turbed-by chickens we thought. Abung Teik Gnu, meaning literally, In one was a depression exactly "The House of the Nose of the the shape o~ a man's body. This Firewood," the flame of burning led to a question and to the infor- wood being called its nose. In one mation that heathen Ramas bury corner of the kitchen a ragged dog their dead without placing them in was tied, in another a tortoise that any coffin, the corpse being simply was destined soon to wander into wrapped in native cloth which they the pot, and a huge brown cat lay beat out from the bast of a kind among the ashes basking in the of rubber tree. The marmalade heat of the fire. Fire places were jar referred to above stood in this dispensed with by the simple ex- hut, also a tatter"ed cast net, some pedient of building fires on the dirt rotten clothes, calabashes black floor. Iron pots and bake dishes with mildew, broken dishes, even stood among the wooden ware of the remnants of an almanac the natives, calabashes too had printed in Spanish, and heavy plate their place. Under a crude table glass from the portholes of some a great granite rubbing stone luckless wreck: all the belongings caught the eye, its surface concave of the departed. Wood ants had and smooth, its body resting on taken possession of the tomb, and three stumpy legs, and the roller a great nest of them hung from the worn somewhat lop-sided by con- center of the roof tree. stant use, all without any trace of We entered a vacant hut to ex- ornamentation.

amine its furnishings. Eight fairly During the afternoon the men fresh jaw bones of wild hog hung of the village began to return, one from sticks on the wall, showing by one. The writer sat alone in the owner's prowess as a hunter. the dwelling making ready for the But what interested us most was evening service. The parrots passed a "string" of little bones (the screaming overhead, announcing string being bark fibres). The that dusk was at hand. Still we bones were pronounced monkey waited for one family to finish its by our Captain, bird by Clemente. meal. A stiff breeze had sprung up Among them was the claw of a clearing the air of mosquitoes and huge crab. Clemente informed us sandflies-a welcome breeze. Slow-

ly eleven villagers gathered, all but erous in this district, there is no one of those at home at the time. trace left. One sat on a log near the kitchen, one leaned against a coconut palm, After dark, we reached Cana the rest stood grouped in the open Chiquita, and were hospitably rebefore their huts. For the first ceived by those in charge of the time in Wirring Key the Gospel company's camp. A big thatched was preached and Jesus' name was hut, open on every side, with cots called upon in prayer and song. for some thirty laborers, such is Because of the fact that a number the camp. The beds too, are simof the dead resting about us had plicity itself. Four poles planted died by snake bite, the text chosen in the ground support a frame of was John 3: 14, 15, our Rama other four poles, across which is teacher interpreting. Dusk fell and stretched a sheet of Spilt bamboo. darkness while we worshipped. Behold a bed. And like a halo over May the true light dawn on all each, the inevitable mosquito net. who gathered there. The tug took us a few miles At five the next morning we left, further up stream that morning, and heade,d down the coast. Past and then the "Three Sisters" got Devil's Creek we sailed to Mon- under way, proceeding under her key Point, a most interesting head- own power-man power. We went land behind which lies the best on to the first rapids. They rush harbor on the coast. Great blocks down on both sides of a small of basalt stand about everywhere island, by which they are formed. like Baalim; a few are fallen and There, in a most picturesque bend look like cannon pointing out over of the river, we found the last of the sea. At one place the ocean the Ramas left on these waters. has cut clear through a hill, leaving "Diamante" (diamond) is the apopen the bare, black rock with propriate name for the rapids in whitened base: "Monkey's Neck." Spanish. The Ramas call it "Kal- On the exposed rock, so Captain pamni." The bank is very steep. Slate said, undecipherable writing You climb up a natural staircase, can be seen by boats passing closo the roots of a giant cottonwood in shore. We could not verify the tree serving you for steps. Here statement because of the heavy stand three houses. All about, on swells, but possibly it is nature's trees, on fence posts, on the walls, writing of fissures in the rock. we saw jaw bones of the wild hog. In the kitchen of one house a fire We wished to be at Punta Gorda blazed hotly, and about it sat four bar in time to have the "Three women. Two were young and Sisters" towed up river by a gaso- comely. We got them to talk a line tug due to arrive from Blue- little after much persuasion. The fields that afternoon. We tied on men were away they said. They to the tug, and the "Three Sisters" both belonged originally to Cane and her crew took a rest. We Creek, and both were the wives of chugged up thirty miles of river, one of the young men of the place. through ever changing beauty. The One was rocking her baby in a banks of the river are well popu- hammock as she spoke. After a lated-for this coast, that is-but little while the wife of the headman by Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans, appeared. She knew our Rama Key natives, and made up for the Of the Ramas who once were num-

speechlessness of the rest forth- sions for the coming day, and the with, talking volubly in guttural writer took it out in sleep. tones. She had sent for her husband, and her sons would soon re- When daylight came we found turn. that Cane Creek village boasts five huts, three on the north bank, two George, the headman, came at on the south. Several families were last, and with him his elder broth- away. Isaac, the chief, had mier. Then we gathered in worship; grated to Indian River temporarily, in the open at first, but soon a there to cut a cedar tree and fashshower drove us indoors. Acts 10: ion a boat. The Cane Creek con- 34 and 35 was the basis of the gregation was composed of nine address which Clemente again souls. Again we worshiped in the translated. Throughout his trans- open air, this time with the sound lation, the chief most unconcerned- of the breakers accompanying our ly carried on a dialogue with him, hymns. commenting on what was said. Apparently, most of the sermon met We would gladly have stayed to with his approval. help feast on the spoils of the hunt but other duties called us to Blue- Next day both the tug and the fields, and the winds gave promise "Three Sisters" started dow n of a tedious journey thither. That stream again. As we landed at Cane promise they fulfilled. The crossing Creek we saw a boat shed and at Home Sound bar was a rough hanging from its roof a wild hog one. Just as the "Three Sisters" skinned and quartered. A little reached it, a squall caught us. We to one side the boar's head grinned fairly raced for the roaring breakat us in a ghastly way. That then ers. Torrents of rain drenched us, was the explanation of lights at lightning incessantly blinded us an hour when all good Indians are and made the night seem inky abed. What was more, three other black. But captain and crew hogs decorated a house across the steered by the sound of the break- ers; so we shot across safely. creek, we were told. It had been Thence to Bluefields we flew on the a fortunate day for hunting, evi- wings of the storm, wet and stiff dently. The sight of the meat indeed, but happy to have finished enlivened our crew wonderfully, our mission successfully, to have and there ensued much conversa- seen the remnants of the Rama na- tion, and to have carried the Gostion until late in the night. Mean- pel of Life to a dying people. time Capt. Slate prepared provi- ISLAM DISINTEGRATING I SLAM is dead in Turkey; it is dying in Persia; it has ceased to carry real weight in Egypt; it may survive for eight or ten generations in Arabia and elsewhere, but the basic truths of Christianity will, in the long run, prevail even there. I would make only one proviso, namely, that Christianity itself must be purged of the accretions of tradition and superstition of twenty centuries.

LT. COL. SIR ARNOLD T. WILSON, K.C.I.E., C.S.I., C.M.G,. D.S.a., British Official in Persia.

TIMES IN

BY PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, Kortcha, Albania I LLYRICUM (mentioned in the most ancient races in Europe if Paul's letter to the Romans not the most ancient. According 15: 19) is the ancient name to Professor Max MUller, they are for Albania. The word liri in the of Pelasgic origin which carries us Albanian language signifies "free- back 1200 years B. C. Alexander dom" so that the apostle says that the Great was an Albanian and he has fully preached the Gospel Demosthenes in speaking of Alexround about unto the "land of free- ander's father, Philip of Macedon, dom." He could preach this mes- in "The Philipics," calls him a sage of God's love for sinful men "barbarian." Plutarch also says for he himself had experienced the that Philip addressed his soldiers wonderful salvation of Christ. in his own language and not in He came to Illyricum with the the Greek. Pyrrhus of the Epi_ rotes, Dioclebian of Dalmatia, the saving message of life through Roman Emperor, and probably faith in the crucified and risen Sav- Jerome, who translated the Bible iour of mim. Albania is that very into Latin, were Albanians. These mountainous c 0 u n try situated people have made great leaders north of Greece along the Eastern shore of the Adriatic. Its area is and have ever been renowned for about equal to that of the State of their bravery and faithfulness. Massachusetts. Its population of They are a hardy mountaineer about one and one half million, is race, their name "Shqipebors"

about three-fourths Mohammedan, meaning, "The Eagle People." the remaining one-fourth being The modern history of the AI- about equally divided between the banian people began with the intro- Roman Catholics in the north and duction of the feudal system by the the Greek-Orthodox Catholics in Normans. King John, of theCastri- the south. This land has been lost ota family, held the fief of Croia, sight of and sadly neglected by the which is near the present capital, Christian churches of America and Tirana. When Constantinople fell Great Britain. It is a beautiful in 1453, his son George Castriota country-Switzerland in minia- Skendenbeg led his forces back ture. It has no railroad and its into Albania, regained the throne, mountain torrents cannot be navi- and prevented the Turks from engated but the harbors of Scutari, croaching into Europe. After his Durazzo, Avlona and Saranda bor- death, in 1468, Albania fell under der the Adriatic. From there auto- the Venetians.

mobiles carry travelers into the in- Albania was under the Turks terior. The city of Kortcha, or when Mrs. Kennedy and I were Corytza as it is sometimes spelled, first sent out as missionaries by is the largest city in the southern the American Board in 1907. The half of Albania and may best be presumption was that to carry on reached from the harbors of the Christian educational missionary north or west or from Salonica in work there was going to be a slow Greece. process. Hilum Pasha, the repre- The Albanians belong to one of sentative of the Turks, sent a tele- 600

DIFFICULT TIMES IN ALBANIA

AMERICAN ~USSION SCHOOL. KOR'l'CHA. ALBANIA gram ahead "Here comes the Amer- York, owing to the submarine ican, hinder him all you can." catastrophes, we put our trust in They put our Albanian preacher, God, and went back to Greece. Rev. Gligor Tsilka, into prison. After a year in mission work in During the Balkan wars when the Salonica we were enabled to re- Mohammedan Albanian patriot Is- enter Albania and were able to remail Qemal Bey, left his position in establish the work. Now that the parliament at Constantinople, Albania was freed from the Turkand returned to his home at Avlona ish yoke, the need and opportunity where he first erected the Albania were far beyond the financial flag on November 28, 1912, I was ability of the American Board. Inejected by the Greeks. I was prov- stead of one family, the work called identially guided into relief work for four or six. Dr. James L. Baramongst the starving Albanians of ton wrote that if another Board the north, whose villages had been could take up the work in a more burned, and during this experience efficient way they would turn the the Mbret Wm. de Wied, who work over to them. Unfortunately was appointed by the Powers of the great plan of the Methodist Europe, came to rule the country Church to take this land for Christ in March, 1914. While Albania along the lines of Christian educawas being devastated by moving tion never came to realization. armies in the World War, there After prayer, Mrs. Kennedy and I was a great opportunity for mis- decided to go back as a venture of sionary service. Though all ship- faith, in order to conserve the in- ping had been called off from New terests of Christ's cause until this

matter between the Mission Boards any American institution where was adjusted. At a meeting in the the English language is required. Park street Church in Boston, we were pointed out by Dr. Conrad as It has been my hope to find some two people who were going to the American Mission Board that mission field but had no Mission could see its way clear to take title Board to send us. Voluntary con:..' to our property, and encourage this tributions and the putting of all work of evangelization in Albania. our personal property into the Every Board is interested but no work have enabled us to go on. The one of them feels able to take title Kortcha Mission plant is now to the property as this would invalued at about $25,000, and is out volve responsibility for solving the of debt. Mrs. Daniel H. Martin problem. I am encouraged by The donated the main $15,000 building Foreign Missions Conference of as a memorial to her husband, my, North America of 419 Fourth Aveclassmate, and Mrs. Mary Stewart nue to continue to push on indigave money for the two adjoining vidually. We are deeply conscious lots. Our coeducational school of of our need of the prayers of God's 100 schola.rs has two boarding de- people.* As the late Dr. Reuben A. partments, one for girls and the Torrey once said, "Sincere prayer other for small boys. We employ means more than money." Pray seven Albanian teachers, and that we may be given grace and greatly need an additional wing. wisdom to be faithful and efficient The Albanian government will give servants of Christ, ever looking to no aid but we are allowed to hold Him "whose we are and whom we title to the property. Our school of would serve." A great and effecsix grades is under the national in- tual door is opened unto us and spector and has all the lessons re- there are many adversaries. quired by the national curriculum, as well as English and the Bible in * 'l~his work is E'ntirely dependent upon all of our classes. Graduates from voluntary free"will offerings which may be sent our school can be admitted into to The Alhanian Mission Fund. care of Guar· anty 'Trust Company of New York. 140 Broad~ way, Xc,,," York.

SACRIFICIAL GIVING IN CHINA W HILE Churches at Home are debating whether to put on an every-member canvass, there comes from overseas inspiring reports of what sacrifices are being made by Chinese workers of Foochow: In spite of bandits and unsettled political conditions in China, self-support is being pushed this year by the every-member canvass. At the dispensary, the man in charge was a church member who, after losing eight of his ten fingers, had been saved from lockjaw by our missionary doctor. When the pastor gave him the subscription book, he took the Chinese brush in the one finger left on his right hand and wrote down his subscription for the year, equal to a month's wages.

Do American Christians care enough for the work to dedicate even a day's income to the Church ?-The Christian Advocate.

STANLEY JONES ANSWERS

CRITICS· "If the critics can show me, by demonstration, how to win more men to Jesus Christ than I am doing, I will sit at their feet. UnW then I must go my way, remembering that to my oum Master I stand or fall."

As India is the chosen place of my with redemption from sin that it never work for Christ, and has been for occurred to me that anyone would many years and I hope for many years think of them as being separate or to come, I am under obligation to that we could have one without the make some things clear to puzzled other. I should have been more ex- friends who have read criticisms of plicit and should have mentioned "re- "Christ of the Indian Road." After demption from sin" as one of the needs going through a series of meetings of all men and of India in particular.

among the non-Christians with me and (A paragraph to this effect has been hearing me plead with them about sin, inserted in the latest editions of the about Christ's atoning death for sin, book). That anyone who found the about the deep necessity for conversion omission in the book but had known and the new birth, about one's alle- the background of my Christian ex- giance to Christ taking in the inner perience and my subsequent preaching and the other life, thereby involving could have thought that the omission spiritual conversion and open declara- represented my position seemed ab- tion before the world through baptism surd. For me finding God involved and joining the Christian Church, repentance, and faith in the Divine some friends would be puzzled to find Saviour, Jesus Christ, with its conse- that my critics were saying that I quent spiritual conversion (see chapter omitted these very things. It is for on Conversion-Horizontal and Verti- these puzzled friends that I write. cal in "Christ at the Round Table") According to the criticisms that have so that the whole was inextricably come to me the objections to my views bound up together.

as found in "The Christ of the Indian (2) In my book when I mentioned Road" center around four things: the Cross I expected the content of my own thinking to be put into the words, (1) Sin and repentance, (2) the but again I was mistaken, for my Cross, (3) baptism and the Christian critics emptied the words of meaning Church and (4) the relationship of and implied that this was my attitude. Christianity and Hinduism. There The cross cannot have too rich a meanmay be others, but these are central. ing for me. My attitude toward the Cross might be put this way: I find (1) The objection is made that in that in a home where love meets sin, the book where I state the three great at the junction of the two a Cross is needs of the human heart of India are: set up. Here love suffers and the purer "an adequate goal for character, a free and deeper the love the more intense full life, God," that here redemption the suffering. That suffering is vifrom sin is left out, and therefore the carious–what should have fallen on above three things are inadequate. the guilty one falls on the innocent Here I am inclined to agree with my one. If God is Love-and He is-then critics. I remember when I wrote it when that Love meets our sin-as it there was a question in my mind as did in the Incarnation-a Cross is set to the adequacy of the statement, but decided that it was covered in the last up. It is inevitable for it is the nature -"God." In my own experience finding God was so inextricably bound up of love to insinuate itself into the sins • )Crom The Ghri.tian Patriot, Madras, India. and sorrows of others. It cannot be 603

love and stay out and if it gets in it baptism to their consciences." If not suffers. That suffering is vicarious to their consciences, then to whose?

-what should have fallen on us falls They must decide after studying the on Him. This is not something im- New Testament. This approach has posed on life arbitrarily, but it is in- resulted in many accepting Christ and herent in the very nature of things. later expressing that fact in baptism.

(3) As to baptism and the Christian But it is a far more serious hindrance Church, those who have been in my to the Kingdom of God to urge uncon- meetings with non-Christians know verted people to baptism, than that that view about the necessity of bap- one solitary couple should hesitate to tism runs something like this: We take Christian baptism considering live two lives, one inward and before inner allegiance sufficient. How many God and the other outward and before educated non-Christians, close up to the world-which life does Christ the point of accepting Christ but, want? When the non-Christian stumbling over unconverted but answers "The inner life," my reply is: baptised "Christians," hesitate to take Yes, first of all the inner for the outer Christian baptism? Such a question without the inner is hypocrisy, but He shows us the place that is the chief wants both, for the inner without the hindrance.

outer is also hypocrisy. Baptism is (4) Concerning my attitude toward an outer declaration of the inner alle- Hinduism I think I have made that giance. Not' declaring that inner fact quite plain in "Christ at the Round it is the most barren of things-it is Table." There has been a great fear blasphemy. Tens of thousands have that sympathetic attitudes toward come into the Christian Church declar- truths found in Hinduism or elsewhere ing what is not, and if some of us have may result in a syncretism. I share thrown the emphasis on the inner fact that fear. One of the greatest dangers it is to seek to restore the balance. But before Christianity at the present time that does not mean that we do not be- is the increasing attitudes tending to- lieve in the New Testament rite of ward syncretism. At the heart of the baptism. We believe in it so much Gospel is a core of exclusiveness. We that we would restore it to its New cannot escape it. Christ is not Testament position from the desper- presented in the Gospels as one of the ately low position it has fallen to in good ways, or even the best way, but India where it has been made the de- the Way. Nor is He presented as termining thing as to whether a man bringing good truths, nor even the best is a Christian apart from the question of truths, but He is the Truth.

of inner fact and outer conduct. This statement makes clear some One thing hurt me deeply. It was differences; "Eclecticisms pick and said that a couple were ready for choose, syncretisms combine but only baptism until they read my book and life assimilates." Christianity shuns afterwards they refused, not consider- an eclectisism, it refuses a syncretism, ing it necessary. I would like to see but it does assimilate, for it is Life.

them and undo any injury that any A plant reaches into the soil and takes statements of mine had done them. I but elements that are akin to its own would urge them to take Christian nature but all the time its life is its baptism, provided I felt they had ac- own-it is not a compromise nor a cepted Christ in inner allegiance. patchwork of elements gathered from Where they could find a statement in everywhere-the laws of its own na- my book from which they would con- ture determined the disposition of clude that I did not consider baptism those elements. Christianity is a liv- important I cannot understand. The ing thing-it took from Judaism only one is where I suggest that I ask elements akin to its own nature, in- the non-Christians to accept Christ corporated them into itself, but its life as their Saviour and that I will "leave was its own and Christianity, not

DR. STANLEY JONES ANSWERS HIS CRITICS

Judaism, determined the final result. ligion, but all the time gathering up In like manner in its virility and in itself expressions of truth akin to vitality Christianity reached into its own life and using them, so Chris- Greek thought, took out the Greek tianity will displace Hinduism, all the idea of "the Word," brought it up in- time gathering up any truth found to its own life, put new content into there. This displacement will come it and said, "In the beginning was the the quicker as Hindus see in Chris- Word and the Word was with God and tianity the finest elements of the old the Word was God." Similarly it will plus something that is lacking there, reach into India's thought and culture, namely Christ. But Christ is not pick out such conceptions as bhakti merely a prolongation of other truths and dhayan, assimilate them into its -He is not merely more-He is own life, put new content in them, "other." Bein.g more He fulfills the eliminating the unworthy and untrue, .best in.ancient faiths and systems, but but using the basic good, yet all the being other He becomes our Retime these will be used according to deemer. Being like us but more, He the laws that govern the life in Christ becomes our Guide and Example, beand the end will not be an accommoda- ing unlike us and Divine, hence other, tion but an assimilation, not a patch- He becomes our Saviour. work, but Life using and fulfilling, but all the time qetermining what the re- It would be untrue to say that I do sult will be. not mind criticism. I do. But I have learned to make my critics, "the un- One critic asks whether the end will paid watchmen of my soul," and if the be, in my view, the evolution of Hin- critics can show me, by demonstraduism into Christianity or its dis- tion, how to win more men to Jesus placement by Christianity. My Christ than I am doing I will sit at unhesitating answer is that it will be their feet. Until then I must go my displacement. Just as Christianity way remembering that to my own displaced the Greek systems of re- Master I stand or fall.

THE NAVAL OFFICER'S OBJECTION One day in a hotel near Poona I sat beside a naval officer, an infantry major and a sergeant-major. The naval officer said: "Why don't these missionaries stay at home and mind their business? Why do they come out here and worry these people?"

It was the time of the Armenian massacres and there were rumors that the British fleet might be ordered to Constantinople. I turned to the officer and said: "Suppose that you were ordered to take your battleship to Constantinople tomorrow, and I were to say, 'Why don't you stay here and mind your business? There is no sense in your going to the Bosporus.'''

The man's eyes flashed as he said, "I would tell you to mind your own business; if we are ordered to go we must go, even if every ship is sunk and every sailor killed."

"Quite right, my friend," I replied, "I have marching orders, not from any human government, but from the divine government. My command is to preach the Gospel to every creature. India has one-fifth of the population of the world, and the primary question is not what the cost is but whether I am going to obey the command of my Lord and Saviour."-Robert P. Wilder.

A SACRED 'SPOT IN AN AFRICAN VILLAGE-'fHIS IS 'fIlE "ALTAR ." SPEARS

ARE PLACED AGAINS'f IT TO PUT THE~[ IN CARE OF ANCESTRAL RPIRIT~ -1JI. 11'. NmUh .

A "COMING-OUT" PARTY IN NIGERIA BY ELIZABETH McDONALD WILKINSON, Onitsha .rlHssionury oj the Church .Mls8ionat'y Society T HIRTY miles we have come, to the rhythM in which their to Umunze, to a tiny crum- bodies, as one body, are caught. It bling Rest House built of sweeps them along through the dim mud and mats in a clearing of the fields; it plunges them again into forest. I sit in a deck chair before the dark of the trees; it moves the door, idle and completely them, controls them, beats through happy. At my elbow a lamp casts them and around them. Here sure- its soft glow out into the shadowy ly is a voice, as authentic as the star-haunted night that has crept crash of the hurricane, the whisper up around us. Fields glimmer of wind in the palms, but more in- faintly in the starlight; beyond dividual than these, more signi- them rises the wall of trees, blank ficant, more expressive. In this in the darkness. fierce wild ecstasy, too wild for From far away comes the throb- gaiety, too fierce for beauty, does bing of many voices, the clash of Africa speak?

metal, the strange violent rhythm All night echoes of rejoicing of tom-toms. The noise grows and throb on in the town. In a neigh- grows until a swaying lantern boring village famous for its spark gleams out from the forest, priest-craft the girls have been and following it comes a group of cicatrized with marks showing forty or fifty girls, chanting and their readiness for marriage; they dancing. Their voices follow the have gone jingling in brass and same half score of notes over and ivory, they have gone singing and over, one voice leading, and all the dancing, to be cut with knives by others coming in at the end with the priests of Ezira. It is the com- a shout. Their brass anklets clash ing-of-age feast. Umunze rejoices.

606

EAS'!' SIDE nOMES AND PLAYGROUND FOR CHILDREN OF NEW .MERICANS

PRESENTING CHRIST TO NEW AMER]CANS BY REV. A. H. McKINNEY, D.D., Supwrintrnd(mt oj the Netv York Oity MiRRion Society I N ANY complex American city, with traditions, habits and out- there are many agencies for looks of many lands and with vari- the physical, mental and social ous religious beliefs and practices development of the people of all deeply embedded in their very naclasses. In New York this problem tures. In many instances these is made more complex by the num- newcomers come with a desire to ber of the unassimilated who have cast off all their old traditions and recently come from other lands. to enjoy what they ignorantly con- The New York City Mission Soci- sider to be the liberty of this gloriety has been serving new Ameri- ous land of the free. To them cans for over a century and enters liberty spells license. A study of heartily in various ways into the newspapers for one week, will give multitudinous activities in which evidence of this in the names of many other agencies engage, but criminals. Added to embedded underlying all that is done for these characteristics are the out-growing people by the society is the con- ambitions of those who expect to viction that their supreme need is find here their EI Dorado. Disapfor Jesus Christ. Anything that pointed at first many of them releaves Christ out, leaves out the sort to crime in order to gain what best and greatest power for the they think the world owes them as good of these people. Accordingly a livelihood; others lose heart and prayer, plans and work are based drift as best they can; while many on this dictum: CHRIST FOR OUR others become useful citizens and NEIGHBORS FROM OTHER LANDS. loyal followers of Christ.

These varied multitudes come Superstition characterizes many 607

of these new comers. Opposite one rooms, social rooms and class of the city mission churches is a rooms are provided, as well as cemetery. From time to time its places for worship and instruction. keeper has been approached by a A camp for boys and young men new American with a request for of over a thousand acres forms a piece of bone of some skeleton part of the society's equipment. interred in its vaults. Questioning Years ago we accepted this addielicits the fact that the bone seeker tional dictum. In this endeavor to believes that if the bone is put into lead others to Christ, flesh and soup and administered it will cure blood are far more important than a diseased child. From this super- brick and mortar. Accordingly we stition the gamut runs all the way place more reliance upon living up to the act of picking up a pin workers than upon fine buildings, with its point toward one, spitting which are made as attractive as SOME RUSSIAN CHILDREN-WHAT WILL WE DO WITH THEM?

on the point and throwing it over possible. Unless the workers are the finder's left shoulder for good guided and empowered by the Holy luck. Spirit, they cannot survive long, for the work is difficult, exacting, To bring Christ to these people, tedious and in many cases disapand to teach them His way of life, pointing. Even after there is a is a task that requires great faith, nominal acceptance of Christ as perseverance and patience. Like Saviour and Lord, old superstitions the Apostle Paul, the city mission- often continue their influences in ary must be "all things to all men" baffling forms. The worker must in order that he may win some. therefore have a Power outside Accordingly institutional churches himself to enable him to cope with are equipped and manned so as to the difficulties of the situation. meet people on the planes on which they live. Reading rooms, play DeWitt Memorial Church, located rooms, gymnasiums, baths, club in the heart of the Ghetto in south-

PRESENTING CHRIST TO NEW AMERICANS

eastern Manhattan, has had a re- staff and volunteer workers come markable history, running through into contact with nearly two thouforty-eight years. When it was sand Spanish-speaking people from established, the surrounding houses seventeen different countries. Here were occupied by English-speaking are conducted various activities for people. Now it is difficult to find the physical, mental and social benan adult in the polyglot neighbor- efit of these Latins from other hood whose native tongue is Eng- lands, but the main emphasis is put lish. For the benefit of adults on the church school and the repreaching services are held and re- ligious services; the former is conligious instruction is given in Eng- ducted in English for the young lish, German, Italian and Russian, people and in Spanish for the while for children and young peo- adults and the latter in Spanish.

BRINGING A SPANISH GROUP UNDER CHRISTIAN TRAINING pie many varied activities are car- These new comers respond to the ried on in English. From this appeal of Christ. Though poor in spiritual lighthouse have gone purse, they contribute largely to forth large numbers of Christian the work of the Kingdom, not only workers who are now laboring for in connection with the home church the spread of the Kingdom in New but for the evangelization of Spain York City and in various parts of and other lands. In 1928, during America and foreign lands. The the visitation evangelism camappeal to new Americans, based paign, seventy of these church upon the Gospel of Jesus Christ, members went out with their minhas been eminently successful. ister and other leaders to present Christ to their neighbors. As a In another part of the city is the result four hundred and seventy Spanish Evangelical Church, Its 3

new contacts were made with those Czechoslovak or Greek as well as who expressed a willingness to at- in English. With a loving heart, tend the church services and be- a sympathetic understanding of the come interested in its activities. history and the longings of those A similar campaign conducted in to be benefited, the approach is 1929, through the efforts of the real friendship. The chief endeavemployed staff and volunteers, re- or is to show Christ incarnate in suIted in three hundred and thirty the worker to those who may scoff new contacts. The principal means at religion because they are ignorof evangelization in this church is ant of what the Christian religion through house to house visitation. is. As the work is not denomina- At the close of the preaching serv- tional, the approach and the appeal ices on many Sundays an appeal are always made in the name of for personal acceptance of Christ Christ and not in the terms or lanas Saviour is responded to by large guage of a particular sect.

THE CHOIR OF AN ITALIAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH IN NEW YORK numbers. In 1928 eighty-six people The ways of approach are variunited with the church, most of ous. Now it may be a trained nurse them on confession of faith in who comes as an angel of mercy Christ. in a time of illness. At another time some greatly appreciated Methods are as varied as the service is performed for one in races since those to be interested need. When one of our woman are personalities with physical, missionaries passed into the larger mental, social, ethical and spiritual life, at the funeral service Matthew elements differing widely. For 25 : 35-40 was read. Those present each group there is a clergyman recognized that in a very real sense and one or more workers of their these statements were true of the own race, so that we have ministers one who had gone to her reward. who preach in German, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Ukrainian, She was representative of all our for physical welfare the spiritual workers. is kept to the fore. Bibles, gospels, home department quarterlies and Thirteen ordained ministers, ten other religious literature are dismale layworkers, twenty-four lady tributed. Invitations to church missionaries and ten trained nurses services, church school and various are constantly at work. There are other religious meetings are peralso many volunteer and occasion- sonally extended, while religious al workers. Outside the church instruction is patiently and lovingbuildings, which are open from ly given in the homes of those who Sunday morning to Saturday night, for any reason cannot or will not with gatherings of many kinds in attend the services. progress, our chief efforts are in homes. From birth until death we The stress laid on the spiritual minister to the needs of these peo- side of the work is well worthple. Thousands of visits are made while. In 1928 two hundred and for all sorts of purposes-anything fifty-two persons united with five that calls for help from the arrival of our churches, the large majority of a new baby, caring for chil- on confession of faith in Christ. dren, fresh air work, finding em- This evidence of spiritual life and ployment for youths and adults, fruitage makes us most grateful to assisting agencies for preventing the Lord of the vineyard and enor curing disease, preparing for a courages us to go forward in our funeral and conducting a funeral endeavor to bring Christ to the service. All these and more come new Ameri,cans that swarm our within the scope of our workers. city and threaten our civilization.

While this help is being given ARE MISSIONARIES WANTED IN BRAZIL?

BY REV. ERASMO BRAGA, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL EX-Moderator oj the Genera.l Assembly oj the Presbyterian Ohurch oj Brazil SOUTH AMERICA occupies through the radio, airplane, mov- an area of 7,500,000 square ing-picture and the Bible, which is miles. Brazil covers one- the best seller in Brazil. half of South America, and has a population of some 35,000,000. Immigration is rapidly changing There is in South America only the type of the population as is one ordained Evangelical Christian minister for every 156,250 per- seen from the fact that the recent sons; in Brazil, one to 35,550. tide of eastern immigrants, has The population is most dense brought 75,000 Japanese to Brazil, around Rio de Janeiro, in Central many of whom are now owners of Brazil, Recife, in North Brazil, and small farms. Porto Alegre, in South Brazil. The hinterland is thinly populated. Brazil, as well as her sister na- A few railways penetrated into the tions of Latin America, emerging interior before the great war and out of three centuries of isolation recently, motor roads are increas- from the great currents which had ing the facilities of transportation. been reshaping EUrope since the Great c han g e s are occurring Reformation, faced all the prob- lems of political independence, at the beginning of the nineteenth century under the leadership of :;mch men as Jose Bonifacio and Synod of Brazil (1888) and for Gonsalves Ledo, who were far forty-one years the management of ahead of their generation. The the affairs of this body has been fifty years which followed the dec- entirely in the hands of an auton- laration of independence (1822) omous National Council. A split were troublous and reactionary. resulted in the formation of the At the time when Brazil, and the Independent Presbyterian Church Spanish-speaking countries of this of which no foreign missionary has continent were entering the era of ever become a minister. Hundreds stability, the pioneers of Protes- of Protestant church members in tant missions landed in Buenos Brazil have never seen a foreign Aires and Rio de Janeiro. This mISSIOnary. The other commu- providential coincidence is remark- nities are in process of thorough able. nationalization.

The missionary enterprise in In the second place, these Prot- Brazil has resulted in the forma- estant communities have a re- tion of a community of some 100,- markable missionary spirit. They 000 Evangelical church members. have been self-propagating on Add to these 300,000 German Prot- their own territory and have sent estants and 4,000 British Evan- missionaries to Portugal.

gelicals. A careful estimate of the A third feature is that, on ac- number of children in the usually count of their evangelistic activ- large Protestant families and the ities and their dissemination upon statistics of baptised infants show a vast territory, they lack an ade- that the Protestant community of quate organization of their admin- Brazil is some 750,000 strong. The istrative machinery, and have not number of adherents, inquirers, deepened their religious life. We and friendly observers, would raise have reached the point when ur- the figure to one million. gent help is needed to save this Six denominations, under regu- great Church from crumbling lar conventions, conferences, syn- under the weight of the great re- ods or Assembly, have been sults achieved. Statesmanship is established. Some missions show the great need of our day. De- a tendency to develop new denom- pending largely on their own re- inational organizations and there sources, the indigenous churches are besides a few independent are in danger of being swamped by groups. the i r growing responsibilities.

These Protestant churches in Their leaders are overworked.

Brazil have some outstanding Their smaller problems and petty traits. First, there is their strong differences of opinion frequently national consciousness. The Con- loom larger in their councils than gregational Churches, formed by a the great strategic plans under dis- group of refugees from Madeira, cussion.

under the leadership of the Scot- tish Dr. Kalley, has never been SOME INFERENCES affiliated with any foreign organ- The national churches realise ization. The Presbyterian mis- that the rapid changes in social sions, thirty-six years after the life, as well as the vastness of the landing of their pioneer A. G. Si- evangelistic task before them, de- monton (1852), merged into the mand an enlarged cooperation of the missionary forces on the field. more and more the cooperation of The call from thousands and thou- missionaries, as companions, adsands of heathen Indians in the in- visors, partners, in evangelism and terior, the appeal of millions of social reconstruction, is most valu- able, needed and de:;ired. nominal Christians who merely mumble a few prayers learned by In Brazil, the most recent ex- periment in training Christian heart and who recite some doctri- workers, based on a study of long nal statements, the whirling indus- years of the national system of education, curricula 0:( theological trialisation of the whole continent, schools and the needs of the counthe disproportionately small num- try, will yield the first ponderable results in eight or ten years. Up ber of Christian workers to the to this time, the pre-theological population, are terribly heavy upon preparation of the ministry has been inadequate. During this periour hearts. The hinterland is still od, the whole system of ecclesiastipractically unoccupied. The Ama- cal finances should be reformed.

zon valley, where the rush for land Those who are responsible for the future of this country under and rich stores of raw materials the impression of the great opporattracts an sorts of adventurers, is tunities before us and of the ina challenge to the best in the mis- evitable clash of materialism with sionary spirit. the spiritual forces at work on this field cannot but feel uneasy, when The need for an increase in the rumors reach our hearing that missionary forces of Brazil is em- missions today are questioned and phasized by the following facts: that their supporters are losing sight of the immense task and (1) A number of unoccupied areas, wonderful opportunities before us. among the fields already developed, call for rented halls, residences and schools, After three and a half centuries which cannot be provided for by the of stagnation, Brazil was opened overburdened national congregations in to a new life just when the Prot- Brazil. estant missions were established here. It is not a mere coincidence (2) The new fields on the outskirts that strong and active Protestant of civilization, where mushroom towns minorities have developed paraland villages are springing up at the ap- lel to the economic and social progpearance of the motor car, are "no man's ress of the country, into a Church land." Home missions in the immediate deeply rooted in the vitals of the neighborhood are hardly possible as an nation. We know what is at stake extension of parish work. in this matter of evangelising our country. We will welcome all who (3 The new lines of advance of mis- may come and share with us the sionary work in social service, research, great opportunities of giving right religious education, cooperation, call now the Gospel to a great nation for experts and equipment far beyond in the making. We want the best the resources of the national church. that North America and England The results achieved by the Committee have in universities and semion Cooperation in Brazil and the secre- naries to come over and help us. tariat of the World's Sunday-School Association constitute a challenge for an enlargement of missionary endeavor on highly specialized lines. The integration of Latin America into the International Missionary Council implies the development of activities on the field that demand the cooperation of missionaries with a special training for certain tasks.

The time has come when the nationals must have the initiative and the responsibility in shaping policies and carrying out some ac- tivities which touch the inner chords of national sentiment. But

A CHRISTIAN

A TESTIMONY TO EBEN ERSKINE OLCOTT, of New York BY REV. WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, PH.D.

A good man and true, a gracious most Christian laymen of his city and forceful personality, a friend and of his day. His high sense of to many good causes, Eben Erskine honor, his business ability, his con- Olcott of New York City, passed scientious discharge of every duty from our earthly fellowship on laid upon him, his undaunted faitn June 5, 1929. A descendant of the and courage, his loyalty and faith- Olcott family which came to Con- fulness, made him a valuable coun- necticut early in the 17th century, sellor in many organizations. He he was born in the City of New was an active member and an of- York on March 11, 1854, the son ficer of the Laymen's Movement ()f John N. Olcott and Euphemia which exercised so wide an influ- Helen Knox. He was a student at ence throughout the country in the the College 'of the City of New decade preceding the War. He was York, and was graduated from a past President of the American Columbia School of Mines, in 1874. Institute of Mining Engineers, and Tn 1884 he married Kate Van of the United Engineering Society. Santvoord, eldest daughter of the During his administration as late Commodore Van Santvoord, President of the Hudson River Day founder of the Hudson River Day Line the largest and most beautiful Line. steamboats were added to its splen- did fleet. He also inaugurated the Mr. Olcott's whole life, with the Christian services of worship on the exception of a few years, spent as Day Line and carried many mis- sionary parties freely up and down a mining engineer in Mexico and the Hudson River. In 1909 he in- South America, was passed in augurated the Tercentenary Celethe American metropolis. His an- bration of Hendrick Hudson's discestry was prominent in the life of covery of the river which bears old New York and long identified his name and so directed the celewith the oldest Church on Man- bration that it became noteworthy, hattan Island, the Reformed Dutch not only as a civic, but as a re- Church. From his earliest years ligious observance. he was an earnest Christian and a devoted and active member of the Mr. Olcott had wide and varied Church. For ten years he was suc- interests. He belonged to the Sons cessively Deacon and Ruling Elder of the Revolution, the Pilgrims Soin the Consistory of the Collegiate ciety and the St. Nicholas Society R.eformed Church of New York and was affiliated with the Metro- City, giving liberally of his time politan Museum of Art and the and thought and money to promote American Museum of Natural Hisits wide and varied interests. He tory. But his first concern was for was a tower of strength to the those things which are vitally con- Church which he loved devotedly nected with the extension of the and served faithfully for many Kingdom of Christ. For twentyyears.

Mr. Olcott was one of the fore- eight years he was an active and 614 EBI~N EllSKINE OLCO'I"l'-A CHRISTIAN LAYMAN influential and generous member member of the Board of Managers of the Board of Foreign Missions of the American Bible Society and of the Reformed Church and was was treasurer of several missionchosen as one of the few represent- ary and benevolent organizations. atives of this Board and Church Many individuals and societies to attend the great Ecumenical bear in grateful memory the broad Missionary Conference at Edin- sympathy, the tireless fidelity and burgh in 1910. He was also a the rare service he gave to great

enterprises; the kindly, friendly, ries of the Church. Their generous thoughtful courtesy with which he benefactiops were given so unosblessed innumerable individuals, tentatiously that no one knew how and the faith which kept him in widely and helpfully they were dishumble and contented reliance tributed. His was a life fruitful in upon the grace of God and devoted every good word and work, honorto the worship and work of the ed of man and blessed of God. He Church of Christ. rests from his labors and his works do follow him. Both in private and in business life he was a witness to the grace "Well done, good and faithful of the Gospel. His personality was servant, thou has been faithful radiant with it. He and Mrs. Ol- over a few things, I will make thee cott made tlieir beautiful home a ruler over many things: enter haven of rest for many missiona- thou into the joy of thy Lord."

WHAT MEN HAVE SAID OF PRAYER Whoever prays most, helps most.-Williarn Goodell.

Every step in the progress of missions is directly traceable to prayer.- Arthur T. Pierson.

He who faithfully prays at home does as much for foreign missions as the man on the field, for the nearest way to the heart of a Hindu or a Chinaman is by way of the throne of God.-Eugene Stock.

Let us advance upon our knees.-Joseph Hardy Neesima.

Communion without service is a dream; service without communion is ashes.-Robert E. Speer.

I never prayed sincerely for anything but it came, at some time-no matter at how distant a day-somehow, in some shape-it came.-Adoniram Judson.

I have resolved to pray more and to pray always; to pray in all places, where quietness inviteth, in the house, on the highway, and on the street; and to know no street or passage in this city that may not witness that I have not forgotten God.-Sir Thomas Browne.

I resolve to devote an hour morning and evening to private prayer, no pretense, no excuse whatsoever.-John It'ealey.

Ten minutes spent in Christ's society every day; aye ten minutes, if it be face to face and heart to heart, will make the whole life different.-Henry Drummond.

We must not conceive of prayer as an overcoming of God's reluctance, but as a laying hold of His highest willingness.-Archbishop Trench.

On all my expeditions prayer made me stronger, morally and mentally, than any of my non-praying companions. It lifted me hopefully over the one thousand five hundred miles of forest tracks.-Henry M. Stanley.

Prayer is like opening a sluice between the great ocean and our little channels, when the sea gathers itself together and flows in at full tide.-Lord Tennyson.

I am so busy now that if I did not spend two or three hours each day in prayer, I could not get through the day.-Martin Luther.

HAVANA CHRISTIAN

BY REV. EDWARD A. ODELL, New York H AVANA has just been host so that the scope of the Congress to the Hispanic-American and its influence must extend far Evangelical Congress-and beyond the Caribbean area. How- Havana knows how to be host. ever, the largest delegations were, This is the third Latin American of course, from countries near at congress that has been held in the hand. Cuba, Mexico and Porto interests of Latin solidarity and of Rico were present in force. better understanding of the work This was probably the first mis- and problems involved in the evan- sionary congress of an interna- gelical cause throughout Spanish- tional character that has been pro- speaking America. Missionaries moted, organized and carried to a and national leaders of North and conclusion entirely by nationals. South America met in Panama in The Spanish language was used 1916, and in 1925 the Latin Ameri- throughout and none of the adcan Evangelical leaders assembled dresses were repeated through an at Montevideo. The recent confer- interpreter. Mission Board repreence at Havana included delegates sentatives and official delegates from the northern part of South from abroad were there as guests America and the Caribbean area. of the organizing committee, which The organizers hoped that its in- was appointed by the Havana Minfluence might not be confined to the isters Association. Caribbean area, and the countries The second feature that attracted represented included Cuba, Spain, attention was the entire freedom the Spanish-speaking churches in from a sense of domination. The the United States, Porto Rico, delegates had been chosen by Central America, the Dominican groups in their own countries be- Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, and cause of their leadership. From Mexico. For more than a week the the very first it was evident that groups studied the evangelical these representatives were in Hasolidarity and its message, nation- vana to express their understandalism and self-support, evangeliza- ing of the evangelical situation and tion, work among the Indians, the to discuss its problems with open evangelical school, religious educa- minds. There was a delightful tion, ministerial culture, the church spirit of independence, and a spirit and the community, industrial and of joy that prevaded the meetings. rural problems, medical work, When the Organizing and Nomiwomen in the evangelical church nating Committees made their reand literature. Representatives of ports, the congress decided it would all of the countries above named, prefer younger men, requested a and visitors from other countries, new 1ift of nominations, and unanimissionaries representing British mously elected them. The congress societies and South American coun- had in mind to attend to its own tries, and Spanish countries south business in a spirit of kindliness of Panama, as well as Brazil, and efficiency that left no ground formed part of these study groups, for ill will.

617

A third oub;tanding character- a well known writer. The first deistic of the congress was the ex- pression of the desire to cooperate votional service was conducted by with the agencies that have been carrying on mission work in these Dr. Ortz Gonzalez, who is known countries. The spirit of Latin solidarity was not in any sense as an author throughout the Spa:nantagonistic to Anglo-Saxon fellowship. The Organizing Com- ish-speaking world. The congress mittee had requested and received the assistance of the Committee on was welcomed in the Marti Theatre Cooperation in Latin America through its executive secretary, by the Secretary of State for Cuba, Dr. Samuel Guy Inman. At different times representatives of the Dr. Francisco Maria Fernandez, Mission Boards were requested to give their opinion and interpreta- who represented President Machtion of matters under discussion. Definite expressions of gratitude ado. The reply to the address of to foreign' workers were also written into the minutes. At the same welcome was made by a delegate to time the following resolution was passed expressing the Latin Amer- the congress from Mexico, Mr. ican point of view: Herminio Rodriguez, former dep- "It is sufficiently proven that in the Hispanic-American countries of the Car- uty of the Mexican National Conibbean area there are national elements capable of assuming leadership of the gress. The president of the conwork, and therefore it is time for them to do so. In order that there may always gress, Sr. Gonzalez Baez Camango, be a leadership it is necessary that the greatest support for their education be of Mexico, devotes his entire time provided." to teaching and religious education. While the feeling of cordiality and companionship between the Dr. Angel Archilla Cabrera, vicedifferent nationalities was delightful, representatives of mission president, is superintendent of boards attending the congress must have felt the necessity for a Presbyterian Missions in Porto thorough study of their attitude to the development of native leader- Rico. One of the honorary viceship. presidents was Dr. Juan B. Huyke, Among the one hundred and ninety-nine delegates who came to commissioner of education for Havana, there were many laymen of national reputation and min- Porto Rico, another, Dr, Erasmo isters whose preaching and pastoral work have won ~laces of Braga, of Brazil, was chairman of prominence. The chairman of the organizing committee was Dr. Jose the Montevideo Congress and a Marcial Dorado, a representative of the American Bible Society and delegate to the Jerusalem Congress from Latin America.

Here are some of the high points in the reports of the commissions: Nationalism was defined as: "The purpose and endeavor to secure complete self-support and self-government and the extension of work, without separation from the spiritual fellowship of the Church Universal."

It was urged: "That national churches endeavor to organize committees of lit- erature which shall collect funds with which to pay for the pUblication of evan- gelical works. That missionary socie- ties and national churches designate a definite part of their budgets, not to ex- ceed ten per cent, for the promotion of literature. That it is of the greatest importance to raise the standards of our publications in order that they may merit the attention of persons who are awake to contemporary problems."

In the interests of world peace, it was recommended: "That the Church, whose Teacher and Saviour is He who is called Prince of Peace, shall devote itself with all fervor to the task of propagating the idea and the ideal of universal peace, sustaining with all its power and vigor

THE HAVANA CHRISTIAN CONGRESS

the movements and institutions that tend service, as well as the needs in to establish peace and harmony throughout the world by means of more sympa- densely populated industrial cen- thetic relations of individuals, peoples ters. The commission also recog- and races." nized "the necessity of awakening The commission on indigenous a social consciousness in the races of the Latin American coun- church. If the church ignores the tries reported that there are 347 problems of the masses, the masses Indian dialects in Latin America, will ignore the church."

that many of these tribes are en- A delegate from Spain asked for gaged in inter-tribal war, and that special consideration of the needs pacification and protection of agri- of the working class.

cultural Indians are imperative. HThink of the conquests which Massacres of missionaries and can- the workers' organizations have nibal feasts are not infrequent. made without the support of the Responsibility for this work should church, indeed sometimes in the be accepted by the national face of actual opposition from the churches, especially in Mexico and church. The church has failed to Brazil. The situation in Columbia face resolutely the greatest of the is especially critical. The congress social problems, that of bringing voted to observe the second Sunday home to the people the redeeming of October in the Latin American Christ and putting into the work- churches as a special day for the ing man's heart the kind of noble consideration of the needs and and generous emotions that will work for the indigenous races. enable him to fight his battles with The committee on women's work righteousness rather than with the recommended that a permanent might which makes right."

committee be appointed to organize The committee on religious edu- women's societies in all of the cation came to the congress with countries represented in the con- twenty-four carefully worded reso- gress, looking to an international lutions covering the entire scope of organization that would carry into work of this important department effect the resolutions that accom- of church activity. The report also panied the report. The congress provided for the organization of recognized the importance of wom- regional and central committees of en in the work of evangelism by religious education that would co- electing Sra. Natalia de Mendoza, operate in the creation of uniform of Mexico, one of the honorary methods and literature throughout vice-presidents of the congress. the entire area of Spanish Amer- The commission on ministerial ica.

training strongly favored union The educational work of the seminaries for the training of both boards and national churches came ministers and lay workers, declar- in for a thorough discussion and ing that-Hin order to assure the special emphasis was laid on the suitable preparation of ministers, necessity for a close identification, the committee favors the establish- and, where possible, integration, ment of interdenominational sem- with the educational system of the inaries as the most effective country where the work was being economic and Christian method. carried on. Indeed, the resolutions They seemed to be awake to the of the congress should give heart requirements of pioneer missionary to statesmen of the countries repre-

sented in Havana. Over and again Economic, and, in some instances, the nationals declared their inten- political conditions in the coun- tries represented in this group are tion of bringing to the state their such that work is maintained with loyal and earnest support in all the greatest sacrifice. In the face of these conditions the program matters of a public character. for extension and self-support out- The need for hospitals is very lined by these new Christian states- men is most inspiring. It brings evident and mission boards were to the boards and supporting agenasked "to establish at least one cies of North America new inspira- tion and challenge. evangelical hospital in every coun- The following definition of selftry, and more if possible in the support was adopted as the goal to- wards which all would work: larger ones. In those countries We understand that self-support comwhere there are no evangelical doc- prehends the support of the parish, tors they urged that the churches which includes the salaries of the pastor and his helpers, house rent, and payment select such individuals as may have of such other current expenses as may a vocation for that work and aid be necessary for the development of the work. Also as a norm and within the them in their preparation, and that measures of our possibilities we propose evangelical medical dispensaries the support of schools, hospitals, and other institutions which may be found and itinerant clinics be estab- necessary for the development of the lished." work in our different fields.

The congress gave great atten- In connection with the future tion to the message, and there was leadership of the Church, the con- gress voted: scarcely a discussion of any phase 1st. It being sufficiently proved that of the work that did not in some in almost all the Latin American nations way reveal the passion of the na- there exist national elements capable of acting as leaders, therefore it is logical tional missionary for the preaching to conclude that these leaders should go and teaching of the Gospel. "The on taking- the reins of power.

message is Jesus Christ," they said. 2nd. That it may be possible to have efficient leaders it is necessary to display "He is the revelation of what God is, the greatest activity in educating them. and what man through Him may become. We believe that this message 3rd. The relation between foreign and should be proclaimed in simple and direct native workers ought to be based on form; that its appeal should be to the frank and sincere companionship. heart and the mind, with the reverence and dignity that it merits; that it Bishop Hiram R. Hulse of the should come from the heart and the mind Protestant E pis cop a I church of the minister in sacred and continuous writes: contact with God, constrained by his passion for souls; that the sermon be brief, I believe that the most valuable result filled with compassion for men, digni- of the congress was the spirit of fellowfied in phraseology and literary form, ship which overleaped the boundaries adapting the message to our racial emo- of nation and race and language. This tions and in accord with the sacred will brin!; about better understanding beplace where it is proclaimed." tween the different elements. It will break down prejudice, it will promote The congress in its closing ses- common action where possible, and it sion made special plans to extend will increase the spirit of unity. These intangible results are far more importhe work of solidarity and for this tant in the long run than any definite purpose an organizing committee action the congress may have taken.

was named. Resolutions were adopted asking for the organiza- tion of prayer leagues, and the pUblication of a monthly bulletin that would give important new items of common interest to all the countries represented in the congress.

~~140PICS OF THE

The International Missionary of human ideals and enterprises from Council Committee at Wil- the central truth of God in which they properly inhere and from which they liamstown should draw their life and ideals.

REPRESENTATIVES of National The problem of religious liberty is Christian Councils from twenty- being forced to the front in the Near five nations were delegates at the East, most of all in Egypt, where the conference of the International Mis- highest Mohammedan courts have de- sionary Council Committee which clared that no Mohammedan woman opened at Williamstown, Massachu- has the liberty to change her religion; setts on July II. while in Iraq and in Syria different Dr. John R. Mott, chairman of the questions relating to missionary free- Council, who has recently visited and dom are being discussed both on the conferred with the National Councils spot and in the Mandates Commission of India, China and Japan, presided. at Geneva. Turkey and Persia pre- The secretaries of the council are Dr. sent a different, though related, series J. H. Oldham and Dr. William Paton, of problems of the highest imporof London, and Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, tance:x- of New York City. For the first time Indian, Chinese, African, Mexican, Dictatorship and Liberty in Italy Brazilian, Japanese and Siamese nationals, representing the national TRAVELERS in the realm of the Christian councils of their lands, sat ancient Cresars and the modern in the International Council with the "Duce" report interesting and imsame official status as delegates from portant changes in the spirit of the North America and Europe. people, the condition of the country and the strong hand of the Govern- Dr. Mott reported on his recent tour ment. There is clear evidence that of study in India, Siam, Straits Set- Italy is becoming an increasingly tlement, China, Japan and Korea. Dr. powerful nation. There is a Govern- Oldham recently toured Africa as a ment with a definite and aggressive member of a special commission ap- program; there is a growing and inpointed by King George V to study tensified patriotism; beggars have native affairs, and out of his investi- been banished; industry has taken the gations he is offering various rec- place of tropical indolence; the inommendations for educational pro- dustrial life and the agricultural acgrams in Africa. Dr. Paton has vis- tivities have been quickened; the ited Egypt, India, Iraq, Syria and importation of fruits and other prod- Turkey in the last year and brought ucts has been discouraged in favor of recommendations from those areas. the cultivation of those produced in Italy. Popular education has been ad- The need for closer cooperation be- vanced and there are many signs of a tween Christian churches and men of new material prosperity. The fear of science who have so large an influence in the modern world is being felt everywhere and this need and its Bi:~~~e~{~~~Ci~r~~lI~:ion~~t.etr~i~::~r t~~~~~ supply was studied at Williamstown. The growing world secularism lies not f: ~veb~l~';iI~~~ if~v·R~I~~ieEB·D~ti~~lsJo;;eer. Rij;: merely in a rising tide of worldliness and materialism, but in the separation J. H. ~'ranklin, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Professor ~iis~' It;t~~uB.ttcal~r::.· Tholllas NicholsOIl anll 621

"II Duce" has been instilled into the This is a brief resume of the thir- hearts of all, together with a mixture teen articles of the new law: of reverence for him and his man- dates. He holds the government in 1. That the Catholic Church is the his control and rules with the iron State religion, according to the Consti- hand of a patriotic despot. Appar- tion, and enjoys special privileges. She ently Italy comes first, Mussolini sec- is free in spiritual matters, but in civil ond and God last. The agreement matters the State is supreme, and bish- with the Pope and the formation of ops and priests must abide by the civil the Vatican City was in the interest laws of the State. of peace and stability by the removal of a powerful cause of friction and 2. Non-Catholic cults are no longer unrest. Now word comes from a rep- simply tolerated, but they are admitted resentative of the Evangelical Church into the State and have a right to the of Italy that full religious liberty is protection of the State. granted by the Government to Protestants of Italy. Non-Catholics are 3. Religious liberty and the right of protected by law and have full rights religious discussion is guaranteed to all in religious and civil matters. Rev. citizens. Stefano L. Testa, of the American European ,Fellowship, says: "A new 4. Marriages performed by Protestant day has arisen for the spreading of ministers and Jewish rabbis are as legal the Evangelical religion in the very as those performed by the priests, and center of Roman Catholicism. We all clergymen must register those marmust enter this good and effectual door riages with the State Bureau within five which the Lord has opened." days.

A special law regulating non- 5. That education is not to be con- Catholic cults admitted in the State trolled by any church, but by the State; was presented by Premier Mussolini and no religion is to be forced on chilto Parliament in a three-hour speech, dren in the public school. There will be and was approved almost unanimously, courses of religious instruction in the with only two dissenting votes. schools, but parents, who are the natural guardians of their children, can select When the Italo-Vatican Concordat the religion in which their children are was signed on February 11th, it was to be instructed in the public school, or feared that the Canon Law of the ask to be relieved from any religious church would be enforced upon all teaching. Italy, with the result that Protestant institutions would be suppressed and 6, Mussolini has made it clear that by the Roman Catholic Church would be the Concordat no temporal power has the only church in the kingdom. Many been restored to the Pope, but in fact the optimistic Roman Catholics so under- temporal power has been buried forever. stood it and Te Deums were sung in many churches for the supposed vic- This is tremendously important, tory of the Papacy. Many prayers especially since it comes from unexwent up to God by Evangelical Prot- pected quarters. Protestantism in estants, that the "little flock" might Italy was always regarded as an inbe allowed to' exist, even if they should trusion and was simply "tolerated" in suffer persecutions in His Name. law and persecuted in practice. Pre- mier Mussolini has now admitted it The new law nominally gives the into the State and we thank God for Protestants and Jews legal standing, this religious liberty. complete religious liberty and their churches are admitted and protected The Catholic papers in Italy, howby the State much more than before. ever, decry any such recognition or protection given to non-Catholic cults, God has intervened to save the while the fascisti and government pa- "little fiock" from being scattered. pers have risen in defense of Protes- tants and the new law, which was voted on May 13th.* "'Missionaries of the Evangelical Church in Italy, for the conduct of which The American European FetZowship is partly responsible look j for a great turning of the people's heart to the Gospel and a la.rge extension of our work there. Since this door has been thrown wide open in the providence of God, now is the time to pray for the work and send contributions, 80 that many souls will see the light of Christ and come to it.-S. L. TESTA, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

At the Ha'ana Congress somewhat unappreciated field of Latin- American missions, an international T HE Hispanic American Evangeli- fellowship and understanding, a new cal Congress met in Havana, Cuba, courage and faith in the power of from June 20 to 30 to bring about Christianity to transform the social closer Christian fellowship and more life of Latin America, a new sense of effective cooperation among Evangeli- competency for local leadership among cal Christian workers in countries the workers in the Evangelical bordering the Carribean Sea and the churches, and a new sense of per- Gulf of Mexico. It was hoped by this sonal friendship, free from subserconference to bring about a more per- vience, between many nationals and fect and cordial understanding be- many Americans, who will long chertween all the evangelical churches and ish the remembrance of distinguished all the educational, charitable and so- and delightful personalities among the cial institutions of an evangelical Spanish – American delegates. The character, to carry out general plans ideals and methods of missions to of propaganda which will more rap- Latin – American countries w ere idly reach the heart and the soul of speeded up, and the difficult problem these people, and to awaken greater of relations between the United States enthusiasm concerning the responsi- and Latin America was helped by a bility of the evangelical churches to new confidence between the Christian develop self-support, native leadership forces in these two areas of the and wider service. Western Hemisphere.

At the first plenary session, on Fri- Papal Peace with Mexico day, June 21st, the following officers were elected: Honorary Presidents, TH~ ~greement reached between the Dr. J. Marcial Dorado (Cuba); Dr. QUIrInal and the Vatican in Italy Juan B. Huyke (Porto Rico); Dr. and the establishment of a Vatican Erasmo Braga (Brazil). President, City in Rome has been followed by a Gonzalez Baez Camargo (Mexico). compromise agreement between the Vice-Presidents, Angel Archilla Cab- Roman Catholic Church and the State rera (Porto Rico); Sra. Natalia de of Mexico. It will be remembered Mendoza (Mexico); Alfredo Santana that the Mexican Government passed (Cuba); Alberto Rembao (Spanish- a law three years ago by which all speaking churches in the U. S.). church property was practically con- Secretaries: Recording-Ricardo Bar- fiscated by the State, priests and memrios (Cuba) ; J. T. Ramirez (Mexico) ; bers of religious orders were for- Corresponding – Abelardo M. Diaz bidden to teach in religious garb and Morales (Porto Rico); Registration foreign clergy were prohibited from – Philo W. Drury (Porto Rico). preaching and administering the Sac- Treasurer: Arsenio Catala (Cuba). raments in the Mexican churches. As Business Committee: the officers and a result many churches were closed Messrs. C. S. Detweiler, G. W. Hin- and there followed a popular demonman, S. G. Inman, E. A. Odell (United stration in some sections protesting States; Arturo Parajon (Nicaragua); against these prohibitions. Protes- Herminio Rodriguez (Mexico) ; Campo tant churches and schools accepted the Elias Mayorga (Colombia); Flavio new regulations and put their work in Argueta (Guatemala). charge of native clergy.

The thirteen permanent commis- Many foreign-born clergy and nuns sions met under the temporary presi- were deported and the church officials dency of the authors of preliminary were charged with fomenting unrest papers and elected their own presi- and insurrection. The assassination dents and secretaries. of President-elect Obregon was traced The Congress was worth while for some new things were created in the

to the agitation of a certain nun the walls of Nanking. It looks as against the government. though Marshall Feng would break For the past year, both parties have with them."

been seeking for some solution that It is now reported that Marshall would enable the Church to raise the Feng YU-hsiang will avoid an open interdict and for the Government to military conflict with the Nationalist relax its policy. Finally they have Party and will leave China to study reached an agreement by which the industry abroad. This withdrawal churches will reopen and carryon would remove a strong factor from the their work. present situation and may enable the President Gil's official statement Nationalist Government to unify the says that certain provisions of the law country more speedily. It is rumored have been misunderstood, and that that General Feng may come to Amer- they did not really mean what the ica. General Yun Hsi-Shan, the pow- hierarchy took them to mean; that, erful factor in Shansi, is mentioned moreover, it is perfectly permissible as the possible successor to General for any citizen to apply to the proper Feng, who has many bitter enemies.

authorities for the amendment, repeal They charge him with being too or passage of any law. friendly with Russia and the Commu- Archbishop Ruiz, speaking for nists, with being disloyal to the Nank- Rome, expresses the hope that this will ing Government and destructive in his "lead the Mexican people, animated by campaigns. The struggle for Sun a spirit of mutual good will, to coop- YatSE)n's ideals and for control in erate in all moral efforts made for the China naturally develops enmity, su- benefit of all people of our father- l!p:iei&ll and jealousy. General Feng land." is -regarded by those who know him In a later letter the Archbishop ad- best as.a patriot and a friend of the mits that though as yet the laws have people, and as loyal to the principles not been modified as desired, the mo- of Sun Yat Sen. He has shown abil- ment has come to seek an agreement ity as a leader, with strength and for- which permits the faithful to "practice bearance toward his enemies, and their Catholic faith," "that this would high moral qualities in the command remedy the evils which suspension of of his troops. He refuses, however, this faith had created, and the even to cooperate with leaders who mani- greater evils created among the peo- fest a selfish desire to use their public ple's habits and public morality." office for private gain. It is difficult, Mexico City is reported to be quiet, if not impossible, to discover military with priests in attendance at all leaders in China today who are devoid churches restored to them by the Gov- of such failings. Anyone in the asernment. cendency is under suspicion. Perhaps General Feng's greatest weakness is Protestants generally share in the his lack of education to fit him to be benefits of the new orders. They a national leader. He finds it difficult sympathize with the desire of the peo- to put confidence in other leaders who ple to have their places of worship re- come into great power. This may ex- plain the reason why he has broken opened.

The Outlook in China with one after another. The Cabinet of the Nationalist Government con- THE political outlook in China is tains a number of strong men and not bright. A correspondent should be given an opportunity to writes: "The Nationalist Government show what they can do to unify China, is not making good. Chiang Kai Shek to establish peace and to educate the is putting all his relatives into lucra- people under civil government. Per- tive positions. The authority of the fection is too much to expect for many Government is scarcely felt outside decades-never without Christ. By MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions Having had for fifteen years the Whoever gives a child a home responsibility of the Sunday-school Builds palaces in Kingdom Come. missionary program in a local church, the chairman of such a One great American poet, Jocommittee has my sympathy. Juicy aquin Miller, pictures Christ and material is hard to find. Responsive little children in these sweet lines: readings often used are dull and Then reaching his hands he said, lowly, leave little deposit that is of active value. We have found the following "Of such is my kingdom," and then suggestions wholesome in their ef- Took the little brown babes in the holy fect. White hands of the Saviour of men; CHILDHOOD IN THE MOSLEM Held them close to his breast and ca- WORLD ressed them, Put his face down to theirs as in prayer; Held them up to his cheeks, and so, blessed them With baby hands hid in his hair!

(12 minutes when properly pre- One generation, one entire genpared) eration of all the world of children understood as they should be, loved Introduction: as they ask to be, and so developed as they might be, would more than Like a cradle rocking, rocking, begin the millennium. Silent, peaceful, to and fro, Today, more than two thousand Like a mother's sweet looks dropping years after the Great Commission On the little face below, was given by the world's Saviour, I present to you the problem of Hangs the green earth, swinging, swing- 87,331,000 Moslem children who ing, have not heard of Christ. The Prophet Ezekiel tells us that their Jarless, noiseless, safe and slow; blood shall be required of us! Falls the light of God's face bending If these children stood in line, Down and watching us below. holding hands, they would stretch twice around the globe. o great heart of God! whose loving Cannot hindered be nor crossed; Will not weary, will not even In our death itself be lost- Love divine! of such great loving, Only mothers know the cost- Cost of love, which all love passing, Gave a SON to save the lost. A World Mother: I come as the Mother of the Characters shOUld appear as the World to speak this word for my names are read by World Mother. Moslem children, my Moslem little A scroll on which the names are ones. I call your mind to those printed, can be made by anyone stirring words of the poet Mase- who has ingenuity.

field: The pictures of Moslem children Whoever gives a child a treat in costume (page 627) correspond Makes joYbells ring on Heaven's street; to the following titles, which are 625 4 followed by the approximate num- pasted on cardboard; if picture impos- sible, use captions printed or written on ber of children represented in each card. country or race. Assign to each of the several Children boys and girls in advance the task Repre8enting" to assemble facts concerning the 1. A son of Islam territory and people mentioned. 2. A Moslem boy and girl On a given Sunday have these from Bokhara ……… 1,250,000 facts handed to the missionary 3. A little Tartar Girl (Cen- program chairman who shall as- tral Asia) …………. 2,000,000 semble the best returns in a three 4. A Bride from Algeria … 2,000,000 minute report just before the dem- 5. Young girl and baby, Mes- onstration. seria tribe, Sudan ….. 1,000,000 6. Little sisters from Bengal 10,000,000 Take your copy of the MISSIONARY RE- 7. Russian child ………. 8,000,000 VIEW OF THE WORLD to the meeting where 8. Tunisian children …. . . . 800,000 the parts are assigned. Let the children 9. Daughter of a Nawab of see the pictures and study them. Hyderabad, India ••…. 600,000 10. Moslems at Biskra ….. . 1,000,000 SOMETHING FOR BOYS 11. Egyptian mother and child 4,000,000 12. Children, Beshari tribe, OUR GIFTS TO THE ORIENT Egyptian Sudan …… . 500,000 13. Child from Equatorial First Boy Africa ……………. 10,000,000 Our gifts to the Orient. What 14. Children of Mecca, West Arabia … '" ….. '" . .. 1,000,000 are they and what have they done? 15. The price of a Turkish rug 5,000,000 Let them speak for themselves. 16. Young Mohammedans in China … '" ……….. 10,000,000 Second Boy (representing OIL): 17. Fellah girl from Egyp- tian village ….. . . . . . . . 3,000,000 "I have lengthened the day. I 18. A Persian child …….. 4,800,000 have made night study possible. I 19. Children from East Ara- hold a torch to light men out of bia ……………….. 1,000,000 physical darkness. More than that 20. Beggar boy from Algiers 1,000,000 I cannot do. If they prefer dark- ness, I am helpless." There are 120,000 Moslem children under the stars and stripes Third Boy (representing RAIL- in the Philippines. There are over ROADS): one hundred million Moslem chil- "The day is past when it was dren in Asia, Africa and the is- necessary to paint white bars lands who are heirs of superstition, across my windows because pas- sengers, ignorant of the nature of ignorance, and immoral teaching. glass, might break, both pate and pane when tempted to poke out Christ died for them. His last their heads. Past, too, are the commission includes them. nights when Koreans, thinking the railroad bed to be like a Korean His word is "GO YE." bed, lay down in my path on the stone roadbed with the rail as a Song: "Jesus Loves the Little pillow. Today I carry the whole Children" (One verse sung by all Orient breathlessly hither and the children in costume.) thither. For those who would flit, I provide speed. One thing I can- Song: "We've a Story to Tell to not provide: purpose; and speed without purpose is futile." the Nations" (One verse sung by all present.) NOTE: Children love to play "dress up." For public school demonstrations parents and others will spend hours in helping the children to prepare their costumes. Let the children work these out themselves under supervision. Where costumes are impractical, use a -picture • Estimated children under 18 vears foHow- Ing figures in Dr. Zwemer's book "Islam."

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Fourth Boy (representing an Au- oblivion from life's troubles. My TOMOBILE) : masters are cunningly planning to "I displace the camel, the horse, make their millions- by making the water-buffalo. The consecrated their publicity so attractive that stables of Siam's white elephants every boy and girl shall be per- have been turned into garages and suaded to use me."

the picture of the sacred animal Eighth Boy (representing CHEWhas long since been removed from ING GUM): the national flag. The portrait of a flivver has not been substituted, "With my slogan, 'Do not swalalthough I am much more precious low,' as a caution to those unfamito the heart of the native than the liar with my peculiar charms, I white elephant ever was! The bring the pleasure of mastication Arab of North Africa gives me without the expense of actual food. petrol to drink and the jinns under I supplant the betel nut in Siam, my hood do wonders. Throughout and cocoa in Peru. About the the world, I am an accelerator, but dainty Japanese stenographer as I do not pretend to morals, I do there hangs no longer the scent of not care whether I accelerate good cherry blossoms, nor of wisteriaor evil." but of spearmint. All of which I regard as a triumph in the dis- Fifth Boy (representing ELEC- semination of American products."

TRICITY) : Ninth Boy (representing MOVING PICTURES) : "I bring heat to those who want it; coolness to those who will "My worst in America becomes adopt my fan instead of the lag- my best in the East. I come gard punkah, light to great cities straight from the world's moral and towns. I even turn the prayer fashion center, to show these bewheels of Buddhist priests. nighted heathen how civilized Whether the many comforts and people really act." luxuries I make possible be used to advance or to hamper spiritual Tenth Boy (representing FOREIGN growth depends upon others, not CLOTHEs-a th,ree-piece suit): upon me." "Slowly but surely I am con- Sixth Boy (representing a FAC- quering the world. The human TORY): race will not truly be respectable "In the Orient I produce wealth until it is clothed in coat, vest and trousers. If there is anything else and scatter it throughout the East needed to make human happiness, -and where in the world is wealth I don't know what it is." more needed? True, I coin much of it from the bodies of children. Young Man (representing WEST- I have prudently left behind in ERN VIEW POINT) : America the troublesome Christian "The West believes itself capable labor legislation that considers of saving the world. It is efficient, children of more worth than as efficient as fire. Life and death wealth." are in its flames. It can do as Seventh Boy (representing CIGA- much good as harm, as much RETTE) : harm as good. We have inflamed "I dull the pains of the East. the East with our modern spirit.

Yet even I cannot bring complete We have set the miracles of science

blazing in the imagination of every have nice place to go like pickers in Pem- Oriental. But have we also given berton. the Christian spirit which, in large degree, has controlled the civiliza- ROSIE. tion of the West and has made it a fire to warm rather than a fire * ** to consume. It is easy for the fire to get out of control in the East, Beet Fields, Colorado because, in pressing upon the Orient all the gifts of a mechanistic To the members of the Sunday-School age we have omitted the one or Light Bearers Band (Fill in appro- GREAT GIFT-which gives synthesis and direction to all others. priate name of Organization) THE "GREAT GIFT" SHOULD GO FIRST. So tired tonight. We all worked all day in beet fields. Wish my Pedro and METHOD FOR PRESENTING MI- Consuelo could live in clean place and go to school like you. GRANT WORK AT A CHILD- REN'S MEETING A MIGRANT MEXICAN MOTHER.

MISS EDITH LOWRY **** Secretary of Migrant Work, Coun- Walnut Grove, California cil of Women for Home Missions To the members of the Sunday-School The worship period should be or Light Bearers Band (Fill in approbased on Migrant Work,-appro- priate name of Organization) priate scripture, hymns and poems may be chosen. Me and 3 brothers and 2 sisters came to "asparagus" yesterday. Mother, Immediately at close of the worship service a child in a costume of father two big brothers work in a cana Western Union messenger rushes nery all day. Sisters and me go migrant in and delivers the following telegrams to the presiding officer who school. Baby brother go nursery. Lots reads them aloud. more families like ours here too. We find Hood River Valley, Oregon friends here-take care babies, make sick people well, tell us about Jesus-that He To the members of the Sunday-School or Light Bearers Band (Fill in appro- loves Japanese children too-learns us priate name of Organization) : have good times. Easy be good her" Came from Idaho last week, to pick Next place we go no friends-so much apples-3000 of us came. Live in old bad all round us. We want mo~ fri.."ds tent. Father sick with typhoid fever, some kids have chicken-pox. Can't go to How can we find this kind of friend? school because school books cost too much. If we don't like here we will go on to MISHI. California. Wish we could stay in one place all year. We have no real friends. **** Will you be our friends? After each telegram is read, a JACK. child can tell in his own words *** * what is being done for the children Cranberry Bogs, New Jersey in these various places. At the To the members of the Sunday-School close perhaps the children could or Light Bearers Band (Fill in appro- priate name of Organization) frame a telegram to send their greetings to the migrant children. Have to take care of babies all day on bogs. Get tired and cold. Wish we could These telegrams could be sent to various migrant centers through the Council of Women for Home Missions, 105 East 22d Street, New York, New York.

Following leaflets would be help- ful in working out this presenta- tion and can be secured from above named organization.

Little Gypsies of the Fruit … Five cents Nomad Neighbors ……….. Ten cents Migratory Children …………. Fre~ Whither Bound ……………… Free Millstones ………………….. Free College Girl's Diary …….. Ten cents Reports ……………………. Free Program-Farm and Cannery Mi- grants …………………… Fre~

OPENING THE DOOR to, when I lived out west, but whEm I moved here there was no Society MRS. FRED VICTOR, Yonkers, N. Y. for me to join. I am glad to have my name put down as a member." It is always possible to secure the name of the pastor in any zero This work is full of surprises. charge, as some of the denomina- After you have found the keytions call the church where there woman, she may consent to invite is no organized missionary work. some of the other church-women to Begin the approach by writing to her home for a social afternoon, him, asking for the name of some so that you can talk over with them woman in his church to whom the the situation in both Home and matter of missions could be pre- Foreign Fields. It is amazing how sented. If the pastor himself is many women in our churches have interested, he will be more than no idea of the magnitude of misglad for any help that you can give sionary work. This, in itself, conhim. If you can make him see that stitutes an initial challenge. your desire is not just to add another organization, but that you In one denomination two secrecovet for the women of his church taries planned a Visitation Camthat more abundant life, that can paign with the purpose of be found only, as sensing our bless- removing every "zero" charge in ings in Christ, we try to share their districts. This required carethose blessings with every woman ful and prayerful preparation. who haiS not yet found Christ, you They interviewed personally or by will find that he will help you. letter the pastors of these charges and secured permission to present A secretary who had been as- the work at a regular church servsigned to this work called on a ice. They found women who were pastor who was immediately ready willing to carry the message. They to help. He called one of his pa- prepared an address, because some rishioners, asking if she would re- of these women had never spoken ceive the visitor. The answer was in public before. an emphatic "No!" At the District Meeting, held "Don't call anyone else, please," just before this Campaign opened, said the secretary, "just give me the secretaries presented their plan the name and I will call on her." and said that they had done all that they could do to make the The name was given. When the campaign a success, but that it secretary arrived at the home she would fail unless backed by the found that the woman was having prayers of the women of the disa tea party on the porch. "How, trict. The dates were announced thought the secretary, am I to pre- when the visits were to be made sent missions to her when she is and the women were asked to regiving a tea party? As the hostess member them as days for prayer. excused herself to her guests and invited her visitor to a side porch, Those who are brave enough to that visitor raised her heart in attempt this missionary service prayer that God would give her dare not let any discouragement the words to speak. When she had block the way. It may take time. made her appeal the hostess an- The first attempt may fail. Faith swered without hesitation: and prayer and patient effort will find the "Key-Woman." "Why yes, I should like' to belong to the Missionary Society. I used

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York PRESBYTERIAN WOMEN and Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, of the Board Presbyterian missionary women had of National Missions, because of illtwo meetings in May at St. Paul, ness were unable to be present but the Minn., in connection with the 141st biennial rejoiced in the presence of General Assembly of the Presbyterian Miss Margaret E. Hodge, vice-presi- Church in the United States of Ameri- dent of the Board of Foreign Missions ca. The second biennial of the women and chairman of the Council of Womsummed up the goals achieved in spir- en's Committees. itual advance during the past two years and suggested plans for future Although the biennial was not called work. The Conference of One Hun- to discuss the future status of women dred Women was even more important, in the church, nevertheless, one mornfor the General Council of the church ing was given over to this very vital had called this group together to find subject. Miss Hodge gave a brief out from representative women the history of women's work and place in general sentiment of the women of the the church, both in the Presbyterian church at large regarding a change in and in other denominations, and, sometheir ecclesiastical status and also what to the surprise of many, it was what they thought should be the fu- soon evident that the delegates to the ture of organized work in the denomi- biennial themselves were strongly of nation. Neither the biennial nor the the conviction that the time had come conference was official in that any rec- for women to be granted larger place ommendations were binding on the and opportunities in Presbyterian boards of the church but they were church matters. It was pointed out indicative of the mind and activity of that while women may vote in the lothe women, and both the Women's cal church, they have no voice in pres- Committees of the Boards and the bytery, synod nor General Assembly. General Council took into most serious Noone there, however, desired to beconsideration all actions and findings come a minister-few even had leanof both groups. ings toward the eldership. It was even stated that doubtless every woman present would vote against having a The Biennial woman pastor in her local church. Yet The theme of the biennial was there are other phases of the subject "Builders in a New Day." Every ad- to be taken into account, especially dress and discussion was concerned the growing demand of the young peo- with the transition from the present pie that all sex bars in ecclesiastical to the future-with the handing on of matters be removed, even as they are responsibilities from the women of the being removed in political and civic present day to the young people who life. The whole tenor of this biennial are to carryon the work in the next discussion pointed strongly toward the generation. The biennial program had action which was later taken by the been arranged to provide ample op- Conference of Women.

portunity for discussion. Practically It was the desire of the delegates no board secretaries were on the pro- that a third biennial be held two years gram, all the addresses being made by hence. Instead of ten goals of the the delegates and the furloughed mis- past year three more inclusive goals sionaries. Mrs. D. Everett 'Yaid, were suggested: Faith, Fellowship, chairman of the Biennial CommIttee, and Future. Sunday evening there 631

was a retreat, led by Mrs. Daniel J. many men leaders have definitely an- Fleming of New York, and after two nounced their conviction that this hours of meditation and prayer, the "disability" of the women should be biennial closed its second term of removed. In several denominations "spiritual advance." this has been done, including the Con- Conference of One Hundred Women gregational, the Northern Baptist, Dis- ciples of Christ, Christian, United Intense interest centered in the Con- Brethren, Friends, and African Methference of Women which began Mon- odist Episcopal Zion churches. A day, May 20th. This conference was called by the General Council in order "Special Committee on the Official Reto find out how the women of the lation of Women in the Church" was church regarded the overture to Gen- appointed by the General Assembly in eral Assembly suggested by the Coun- 1919. This committee, headed by Dr. S. cil, and which, if passed by the Hall Young, after months of investigapresbyteries, will make women eligible as ministers and elders, thus enabling tion and correspondence with leading them to have a voice in the conduct of men and women in the Presbyterian the church other than in the local con- and other denominations, and after gregation. A second matter for dis- thorough study of the Scriptures, sent cussion at this conference was the to the General Assembly an overture enlarging of the women's missionary organization by giving entrance to the recommending the ordination of wom- Boards of Christian Education and en as ministers and elders. This over- Pensions, thus enabling other women ture was sent down to the presbyteries in the church to find lines of activity. in 1920 but while the vote was 139 for and 125 against, the overture was lost The most careful preparation was because 37 presbyteries did not vote made for this conference. The One at all and had to be counted on the Hundred Women included the women negative side. members of the four boards, two synodical presidents and two presbyterial In 1926 the General Council represidents from each district elected quested its two corresponding memby the biennial, women active in all bers, Mrs. Fred S. Bennett and Miss types of women's organizations in the Margaret E. Hodge, to study causes church, and others not definitely as- of "unrest among the women of the sociated with organized women's church" and report their findings to church work. Some of these had been the Council. The first biennial meet- ing in San Francisco in May, 1927, made a similar report.

elected at the biennial meetings, others The report by Miss Hodge and Mrs.

were appointed by General Council. Bennett was presented to the General But all were selected with a desire to Council in November, 1927, and conhave the fullest representation possi- tained among other statements: "If ble of women's activities and also the by unrest among the women of the widest geographic reach. Board sec- church is meant a far-reaching, organ- retaries were present but only as "ob- ized, seething opinion, it does not ex- servers," with no voice except when ist …… The women are not a unit in specifically called on for a point of their attitude toward the position ac- information. corded them in the Presbyterian The steps leading up to this con- Church." The report went on to say, ference were many. In the last dozen however, that "when the church, by or more years there has been in all action taken by the men of the church denominations a growing feeling that with but the slightest consultation women, who now have equal place with with the women, and then only as to men in political and social life were methods, decided to absorb these agen- not satisfied with their subordinate cies" (mission boards of the women, position in the church. For years built up through long years by them-

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

selves and functioning successfully) discussion when Dr. Speer came. Al- such decision opened the whole ques- most at the start the conference leaned tion of the status of women in the toward equal status for women. Not church. "Women faced the fact that a woman present wanted to be a min- their sex constitute about sixty per ister or an elder; not a speaker "de- cent of the membership of the church, manded rights," yet again and again yet as individuals they had no status it was brought out that the young beyond voting in the local churches. people in the church wished no sex …… They saw the church, which af- inequality; that many brilliant Pres- firmed spiritual equality, lagging far byterian young women were going in- behind in the practical expression of to other denominations where they it." could be ordained as ministers; that The General Council received this there were many places in the Presby- report sympathetically and appointed terian Church-especially in remote a committee consisting of Dr. Robert localities and on the mission field- E. Speer, chairman, Mrs. Bennett, where no men were available or even Miss Hodge, and Dr. Lewis S. Mudge, prepared for office as pastors or elders stated clerk of General Assembly, to and churches could not be organized, plan for a conference at which fifteen or the church's benefits given, while women from various parts of the coun- strong women, well qualified for such try should be .invited to meet with the office, were there and these women, in General Council to discuss the paper. nearly every instance, had become This conference of fifteen was held in qualified for such work through the Chicago in November, 1928, and as a training they had received in the mis- result General Council framed an over- sionary society.

ture to General Assembly asking that But always the basic reason for the women be given equal status with men opinion of the conference was the fu- in the church. ture generation. It was felt that per- The Conference of One Hundred sonal opinions must be laid aside for opened with utmost solemnity and ser- the sake of the young men and women iousness. All present were keenly con- who, through their young people's scious of their great responsibility. programs, are already working togeth- The retiring, Dr. Hugh K. Walker, er in the churches with no thought of and Dr. Mudge gave a brief resume of sex lines.

the reason for the gathering. Miss As a result the conference voted Margaret E. Hodge presided over all with hardly a dissenting voice, to rec- sessions, and Miss Florence G. Tyler ommend to the General Council that led the discussions. Miss Hodge re- the overture to make women eligible minded the members that the confer- as ministers and elders in the Pres- ence was not emoowered to do more byterian Church in the United States than make recoIiImendations to the of America be presented to the Gen- General Council, that it had no official eral Assembly. The overture was pre- voting power. sented at the last Saturday morning It was soon evident that the mem- session of the assembly, and to the bers of the conference wished to get surprise of nearly everyone, it went to what most of them felt was the through the assembly without debate principal subject of the gathering, the or argument. Dr. Speer in presenting status of women. Although the agenda it stated that what discussion there planned this theme for the second af- was on the matter would come in the ternoon, when Dr. Speer, the chairman presbyteries, and the overture was of General Council's Committee of voted immediately. It now goes down Four, would be present, the conference to the fall and spring presbyteries for at the end of the first session voted action and the next General Assembly to take it up Monday evening, in order will report the decision.

to prepare themselves for intelligent By AN OBSERVER•. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd St., New York Executive Secretary, Council of lVomen for Home Mission8 ONE With the approach of the present God never meant us to be separated century the current set in the direc- From one another in our work and tion of new and significant cooperathought; tion. That no man liveth unto himself Spirits that share His Spirit or by himself was found to be true of mated, He has missionary organization. Certain That so His loving purpose may be things could not only be better done wrought, together, it was necessary that they be His gracious will be done done together. Women's denomination- In earth and heaven, as one. al missionary organizations were -Selected.

NATIONAL COMMISSION OF PROT. drawn together in the annual observ- ESTANT CHURCH WOMEN ance of an interdenominational day of prayer. Committees were formed to Offisial statement authoriz(ld by the Spf'cial plan for the production and publication . CommIttee on Relationship of the Commission of mission study books and other liter- to the Federation and Council.'"

The National Commission of Prot- ature. The founding of Chautauqua estant Church Women is the latest development in a movement that began Institute in 1874 aroused interest in more than a hundred years ago. summer education and was an influence which nourished the idea of confer- As the nineteenth century appeared ences for women. Quite naturally this upon the threshold, in 1800, fourteen fellowship of leading Christian womwomen representing Baptists and Con- en in service, prayer, and study ingregational Churches united to form clined the women's denominational the "Boston Female Society for Mis- missionary boards to organize the sionary Purposes," destined to become Council of Women for Home Missions through its contributing branches the and the Federation of Woman's Boards "Female Mite and Cent" societies of of Foreign Missions. These two na- New England, an outstanding factor tional bodies have worked side by side in the extension of early home mission for years in their respective fields proenterprises. This initial event ush- moting the production of mission study ered in a century of organization. The "Woman's Union Missionary Society books and literature, the establishment of America" strengthened the foreign of women's conferences and schools mission cause by sending single wom- of missions, the observance of days of en to far distant lands. Within the prayer for home and foreign missions various denominations there was a and the cultivation of student contacts stirring, resulting in the organization in schools and colleges for the purpose of their women into national societies of gaining recruits for missionary for the extension of missions at home service. Local women's interdenomiand abroad. Independent societies national groups which were in existarose indicating a wide range of in- ence here and there were fostered by terest, notably abolition of slavery, to- each separately, and how to provide tal abstinence, woman's suffrage. them with an effective program was made the subject of careful study. The rapid increase in the number of • 'rbi. statement was authorized in )Iay. local units brought to the Federation ~vents b~yf'. movpn rapidly. The item regard~ and the Council the realization of the mg the !atlOnal Counci! of Feilerated Church need for closer cooperation. Joint S'lVll~PmSenC oimnmd ui tdt ei ne gont he rf' port ()f the Relation- page 636, should be noted.

634 instead of separate committees were Pittsburgh in December, 1924, for the appointed on Women's Church and purpose of outlining a program and Missionary Federations, Day of presenting a scheme of unification Prayer, Conferences and Schools of which would correlate and coordinate Missions and Student interests. Com- all the activities or organized church munication with the local groups was women.

carried on jointly through periodic The delegates represented five par- letters sent several times a year. The ticipating groups: The Federal Coun- day of prayer program included both cil of the Churches of Christ in home and foreign missions and yet America, the Federation of Woman's more recently has united the Christian Boards of Foreign Missions, the Coun- women the world round in a World cil of Women for Home Missions, the Day of Prayer. Association of Executive Secretaries As time passed the trend of think- of Councils and Federations of ing expanded and as the content of the Churches, and Local Interdenomina- missionary concept was realized to be tional Groups of Church Women of more inclusive the items considered the various types.

covered a larger scope; such as, law The Conference in Pittsburgh observance, international, interracial proved to be the first of four, the and industrial relations, legislative others being held as follows: Cleve- matters, especially those relating to land, June, 1926; St. Douis, June, the welfare of mothers and children. 1927; Buffalo, June, 1928.

The number of local groups has stead- Previous to the Buffalo meeting the ily increased, there being now between Federation of Woman's Boards of nine hundred and a thousand that car- Foreign Missions and the Council of ry on various activities and over four Women for Home Missions had both hundred others which unite in the an- taken action approving cooperation nual observance of the World Day of with the Women's Local Federations Prayer, a total of some fourteen hun- in the appointment of a guiding group dred. To keep in contact with these to consist of six members from each was no small task, and the need of a of the three cooperating groups to- secretary in the field was keenly felt gether with three members from the and repeatedly expressed in the an- church-at-Iarge selected by the Guid- nual meetings. ing Group itself. Provision was also During the last ten years there has made for alternates. This guiding been a remarkable increase in cities group chose for its name the National and states of Councils and Federa- Commission of Protestant Church tions of Churches. These are affiliated Women which has been made the me- with the Federal Council. Their pro- dium of communication with women's gram of community service makes a state and local interdenominational strong appeal. Consequently numbers groups. Through it are to be continued of these state and local federations the functions of the former Joint have occasioned the formation of aux- Committee on Women's Church and iliary organizations of women, in some Missionary Federations. Its budgets cases known as women's departments and policies are to be submitted to the or divisions of the local councils or Federation and the Council for final federations. These differed materially approval. All matters of interest and from the earlier typical woman's mis- concern and actions from these two sionary union or women's church and national bodies channel through it to missionary federation in that their the local interdenominational groups.

major interest centered in some one An office has been opened at 1123 or more phases of community service. Broadway, New York City and offi- In response to the desire for a closer cers appointed.

unity and a more inclusive program, Thus the National Commission of a conference was called which met in Protestant Church Women is the re-

suit of a quest for a unified program 1. After a careful analysis of the posand a unified approach to local inter- sible and actual field of activity of each denominational groups. It is not an group involved, it is our unanimous organization; rather it is a method opinion that for future successful coopof procedure in which the Federation, erative work, it is necessary that their the Council and the women's state and fields of activity shall be distinct and local groups are partners. It is an ad- clearly defined. venture in fellowship and in service. Method and means are subject to mod- 2. That the fields of activity of the ification, but the shining goal remains National Council of Federated Church unchanged-the enlistment of the full Women and the National Commission of strength of the Christian womanhood Protestant Church Women are in the of our country for the extension of main, if not in their entirety, identical. the reign of Christ into every area of every life everywhere. Your committee therefore unanimously recommends: NATIONAL COUNCIL OF FEDER- 1. That a merger of the activities of ATED CHURCH WOMEN the National Council of Federated Church Women and the National Com- At the fifth annual conference of mission of Protestant Church Women be women's state and local interdenomi- effected, the same to be finally operative national groups held in Boston June not later than June, 1930. (It is our 15-18 in conjunction with the annual unanimous opinion that this arrangemeeting of the National Commission ment will provide for the Christian womof Protestant Church Women, forma- en of the churches, a clear and perfect tion of a third organization of church channel for their organizational activiwomen on a national scale was per- ties.) fected-the National Council of Federated Church Women. The other two 2. That when such merger shall have organizations are the Council of Wom- been effected the National Council of en for Home Missions and the Fed- FedeTated ChuTch Women shall thereeration of Woman's Boards of Foreign after be recognized as the national or- Missions of North America. ganization of women's interdenomina- tional groups. The National Commission of Protestant Church Women was set up last 3. That, in order that the National year as an experiment and is not an Council of Federated Church Women may organization but as its name-Com- be encouraged in its development toward mission-indicates partakes of the na- complete self-support, the Federation of ture of a committee. Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and the Council of Women for Home The following report was accepted Missions continne for this and the two and the Relationships Committee was succeeding years, financial cooperation requested to proceed to work out cor- on a diminishing scale. relation of the three women's national bodies for presentation to the execu- 4. That, in view of the above, we rective bodies at their next meetings. ommend the continuance of the· present RelaiJionships Committee or the appoint- Relationships ment of another, whose responsibility it shall be to work out the correlation of Your Committee of six on Relation- the three bodies, the same to be ready ships among the four existing bodies for presentation to the executive bodies -the Federation of Woman's Boards of the Federation of Wotnan's Boards of of Foreign Missions, the Council of FOTeign Missions, the Council of Women Women for Home Missions, the Na- for Home Missions and the National tional Commission of Protestant Council of Federated Church Women at Church Women, and the National their next executive meetings. Council of Federated Church Women submits the following report: (The Committee on Relationships consisted of Mrs. John Ferguson, Chairman (Chairman of the Commis- sion), Mrs. James T. Ferguson and Mrs. L. 1. Walker from the National Council of Federated Church Women, Mrs. F. 1. Johnson and Mrs. Ernest A. Evans from the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, Mrs. Orrin R. Judd and Mrs. McD. Howsare from the Council of Women for Home Missions.)

AMERICA Summer conferences are held

these students at Northfield, Lake Unofficial Ambassadors Geneva, Seabeck, Blue Ridge, Silver Bay and other places. OVER nine thousand students from one hundred and one foreign Many testimonies show the benefits lands are studying this year in four received by students and the gratitude hundred colleges and universities of felt by their compatriots. The annual the United States. Of these the larg- budget calls for over $30,000 which inest number come from China (1,109) ; cludes salaries for the national group India (208); Japan (814); Korea secretaries and other items. This (131); Mexico (271); Sol1th Amer- work deserves support. ica (272); Siam (22); Africa (83); and from Western Asia (333). There Student Sobriety Society are also Filipinos, Russians and Siamese. AN ANTIDOTE for the "hip-flask" ft among young people is the "Stu- What a wonderful opportl1nity to influence these young men and young dent Sobriety Society," which is growwomen for Christ and so to mold their ing steadily. Given adequate pubcharacters, their careers and their des- licity, it may quickly spread round the tinies. The Committee on Friendly world. Relations with Foreign Students (founded in 1911) of which Mr. September 7, 1928, in the Mankato, Charles D. Hurrey is the General Sec- Minn. high school, flve students orretary, undertakes to meet these stu- ganized this society, whose motto is, dents, to make them feel at home in "Keep That Schoolboy Complexion." America, to surround them with Chris- Almost immediately three other chaptia.n infll1ences a.nd to introduce them ters were organized in Minnesota, to American Christians. It is a won- while the parent organization as derful opportunity to promote inter- quickly grew from five to sixty-four national understanding and friend- The purpose of the club is to insure a ship, to open the best American homes higher type of young manhood by and ideals to these foreign guests who obedience to law, and particularly by will be future leaders in their home total abstinence from alcoholic liquors. lands, to bring blessings to Americans through these contacts, and to help the Each new chapter must have at individual students by introducing least five members and an adult adthem to Jesus Christ and His way of visor, all masculine. A constitution Life. These students have formed has been prepared and a national ortheir own organizations such as the ganization arranged. German Students Cooperative Association and the Hindustan Association. Fellowship meetings and various The most helpfully influential are the activities maintain membership in- Chinese Students' Christian Associa- terest. It is self-determining, "not to tion, the Filipino Students' Christian be under the direct supervision of any Association, the Korean Students' high-school faculty," only high-school Federation and the Russian Students' students being eligible to active mem- Christian Association. bership, though boys in junior high may enroll as associate members. Membership duties are total absti- nence, mutual helpfulness, affirmative 637

debates for prohibition and its en- Rural Church Problem M forcement, "and in general to talk ISS ELIZABETH HOOKER, in her book, "United Churches," prohibition." A member who takes a drink is suspended for two months on points out that 48% of the federated probation and for admonition. If he churches are in New England and the then persists in violation of the Con- Middle States, and that such organiza- stitution, "he shall never again be tion is past the experimental stage.

eligible."-C. E. World. A successful instance of such coopera- tion is seen in Conway, a small town Training the Foreign-Born in Massachusettes. Comparing five REV. JOHN R. CROSBY, Episco- years of united work on the part of pal Rector in Philadelphia, makes three denominations with the five a plea in The Living Church for more years previous, benevolences increased interest in the foreign-born in Amer- from $1,200 to $3,500, or nearly 300 ica. He says the problem is not so per cent. The Ladies' Aid gained over much to persuade the alien to accept 57 per cent. The minister's salary the Church as to persuade church nearly 58 per cent, and the church members to accept the alien. membership nearly 48 per cent. The Sunday School and young people's so- In South Philadelphia are some ciety each gained over 100 per cent. 300,000 foreign-born, comprising prac- This gain is the more striking betically every branch of Latin, Greek cause in a period of ten years the Orthodox and Eastern churches. Dr. town's population decreased from Crosby's parish, St. Elizabeth, has 1,219 to 936. undertaken an experimental work among them, with the following basic American Indians and Citizenship scheme: REV. RUDOLF HERTZ calls atten- tion to little-known facts about 1. A kindergarten every week day for the Indians. He says: the children below school age of all nationalities, creeds, and colors. "While there is practically no race prejudice against Indians, other fac- 2. A Community Club for children of tors retard the assimilation of the Inschool age after school hours. dians in western South Dakota. We thought that we had made great prog- 3. A group of the Girls' Friendly So- ress when President Coolidge, in 1924, ciety candidates. signed a bill making all Indians born in the United States citizens of this 4. Another candidates' group that country, but we find that new difficulviolates all Girls' Friendly rules by being ties are arising through this law. strictly for our own "denomination." Although a citizen of the United States, and entitled to vote in South 5. Various Mothers' Meetings. These have to be national, as their English is faulty, and the different races do not mix.

6. Two Boys' Clubs. 7. Community Singing Clubs. 8. Adult Mens' Club.

Immediately surrounding the church Dakota, the Indian is not a taxpayer.

is a purely Italian population, while at His lands are exempt, as they are be- a little distance are colonies of all the ing held by the federal government in various nationalities of Eastern Eu- trust for him. Even personal prop- rope and the Near East: Bulgarians, erty purchased with the proceeds of a Greeks, Nestorians, Jacobites, all the land sale is not taxable. A recent Balkan nations, Russians, Ukrainians, decision went so far as to force Dewey Thondraketzi, and Doukhobortsi. County to refund to Indians $50,000 These were sorted into racial groups paid in former years as taxes on per- and given services in their own lan- sonal property. This means that every guage. Confidence of parents has white home in Dewey County will be been won and the children are eager assessed something like fifty dollars to be considered American citizens. to make this refund.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"Politicians, on the other hand, are The entire membership in this Mismaking the most of the Indian vote by sion, extending from the Mushagak giving big feasts and making extrava- River northward to Nelson Island and gant promises in order to win the In- 150 miles eastward, now numbers dians for themselves. 2,323.

"Another cause of dissatisfaction is Canadian Sunday-School Outreach the Indian's right to public school education, although his land does not con- SEVENTY-FIVE thousand Bible tribute to the support of the schools. verses were memorized in the Can- The federal government realized the adian Sunday School mission work last predicament of our school districts, year by 3,800 children from 252 rural which have a hard struggle to make Manitoba communities, many of them both ends meet without this additional 15 to 50 miles from any church or Sunburden, and Congress, in the past, has day-school. These distances are as the appropriated funds to pay tuition for crow flies-actual travelling distances Indian pupils. In the beginning the would be double in some cases. While sum paid actually took care of the only a small percentage of the 75,000 schooling of these children, but it is "otherwise unreached" rural Manibeing cut down, and rumor has it that toba children were enrolled, yet the it will be eliminated altogether. It is work was well distributed over the true that, according to the law, the Province and went a long way toward school district must take care of both putting the Gospel within reach of all. Indian and white children, but they are simply not able to do so financially. The contest in Manitoba is continu- ing again this year with great prom- "All this makes the white electorate ise. In Alberta 3,245 children are alfeel that representation without taxa- ready enrolled from 282 "otherwise tion is almost as great an evil as taxa- unreached" communities. In British tion without representation, and they Columbia and Saskatchewan commitwill make a determined effort to de- tees are in process of formati~n. prive the Indian of his vote in this state."-The American. Missionary. LATIN AMERICA Moravian Mission to Eskimos Sunday-School Work in Mexico T HE Eskimos are scattered over B EFORE President Calles retired "magnificent distances"; and are a from office, he said to a prominent short-lived people. Tuberculosis and Protestant leader: "I have broken the epidemics of influenza carry them off ground, and have made the furrows; in large numbers. Their language is it is for you to sow the seed." so difficult that it is hard for the missionary to make himself understood. With the issuance of such a chal- This twenty-nine lettered word: kuy- lenge, leaders of Mexican Evangelical ogtsiligutkinritlkunigtnga, means, "If Churches have united their efforts· in they do not gather with me." The a National Council of Evangelical heathen has great difficulty in grasp- Churches, and their first united reing Christian ideas; they are so far quest is for aid from America to enremoved from his ordinary thinking. able them to have a general Sunday- school worker for Mexico. Moravian mission work among them began in Greenland in 1733; in Lab- In response to this request, Dr. Robrador work for them was put on a ert M. Hopkins, General Secretary of permanent basis in 1771. In Alaska, the World's Sunday-School Associawhere their population is densest, five tion, Dr. Marion Stevenson of St. Moravian workers established a sta- Louis, and Dr. J. Kirkwood Craig of tion on the Kuskokwim River in 1885. Pittsburgh, met a group of thirty-five This is exclusively a Moravian field. leaders from all the churches in a con- ference held in the Union Seminary, Mexico City, December 3 to 6. Con-

ferences with denominational groups fishermen that we may be better were also held, and as a result, a pro- able to win them for Christ. During gram was developed by the Mexican the nights the fishermen travel over forces which looks toward the placing the mountains by the seaside, with of a strong leader in the field to de- lighted torches in their hands to assist velop the religious education work them in catching the crabs; while which is so earnestly desired at this during the day, we with our torch, time. This program, with the budget which is the Word of God, in our for its support, has been placed before hands, preach the Good News of the the seven outstanding mission boards love of God, with the object of catchinterested in its operation, and it is ingmen." hoped that their favorable action will insure its inauguration at an early SEM SALVANT, Evangetist. date. Mexico has guaranteed for the first year twenty per cent of the finan- Laying Foundations in Peru cial support required. UNTIL quite recently Bibles were The eyes of all Latin America are not allowed in Peru. One young upon Mexico at this time. colporteur was cast into prison and lay for months in a vile dungeon for Catching Men in Haiti trying to give the Scriptures to the people. But the Continent is now open T HE Haitien Gospel Mission has for the circulation of the Scriptures, been established by Pastor J. Al- and for the preaching of the Gospel fred Pearce without assistance from of Christ. They have today a Gospel any foreign missionary society. It is printing press in Lima, and their Gosconducted solely by faith in God. pel magazines are being circulated through that Republic preparing the A worker writes: "Notwithstanding way for the Word of God itself. There the fact that we have no guaranteed are at the present time between salaries, we have never wanted the eighty to a hundred little churches, means necessary for the purchase of congregations of men and women who food. Sometimes at the very moment either have never seen a missionary, when our last penny has been spent, or else have seen one only at long inwe receive fresh supplies; this gives tervals, but who are gathering round us occasion to praise God anew. the Word every Lord's Day, and are creating a spiritual atmosphere in "La Tortue needs to be evangelized. many of these little towns and villages. In all my experience I have never In Brazil little churches have sprung known any people so sunk in super- up, built upon the Word of God.-The stition and iniquity. Almost all of Christian. the inhabitants are serving evil spirits, which are called Les Anges News from. Colombia RebeUes. Last month at a funeral I was surprised to observe that the cere- FUNDS have been received for a new mony was controlled by those possessed building for Bogota Boys' School. with evil spirits. After burying the This has been completed and includes corpse, the people clapped their hands recitation rooms, dining room, kitchen in unison and danced over the newly and dormitory accommodations for 70 filled grave! students. A new residence has been provided for Bogota, the first mission- "By the grace of God we have com- ary home to be supplied in this oldest menced to persuade some to accept Presbyterian mission station in South Jesus Christ as their Saviour. We America. have visited many people living on the two extremities of the island. Some- The year 1928 has been a notable times we accompany fishermen who go one in the boys' school; the enrolment off to catch crabs at night. We eat was the largest in the history of the and sleep in the open air with the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

school. Over 200 boys were turned missionary work has proved most difaway for lack of room. A successful ficult. Not only has the color of his experiment was the training of four face and his social standing stood beboys as teachers. Each one gave two tween the white man and the Indian, hours of service daily and in addition but the language has proved an addicarried his own full course of study. tional barrier. The Aymaran tongue They proved their ability as students prevails among the common people of by always being on the honor roll, one Bolivia. Most missionaries find that of them, a scholarship boy and the son it is all they can do to master Spanish of the evangelist at San Lorenzo, ob- without attempting another language tained 100 per cent in every subject in which there are few grammatical during November. All of them did helps. Because of the Indian's deep splendid work as teachers, and no com- distrust of the white man, the most plaint was ever lodged against any of effective work among them is done by them. men of mixed Spanish and Indian an- cestry. Missionary work among these The church work, though accom- Bolivian Indians is thoroughly worth plished under difficulties, has gone for- while.-World Neighbors. ward steadily. The church is united and enthusiastic, and hopes next year EUROPE to have an ordained national pastor, leaving the missionary fn:e for itin- Methodist Union in Britain erant work and the management of the paper "Evangelista Colombiana," UNDER the terms of a parliamenwhich is welcomed in the homes of tary bill recently passed, the Wesrich and poor, ignorant and learned. leyan, Primitive and United Method- Its silent message goes to many a town ists may unite in 1931, to form the unvisited by the missionary. Methodist Church, provided that 75 per cent of the three bodies favor the Winning the Bolivia.n Indian prcposal. If the union is consum- mated, there will come into being, in BECAUSE of its great altitude Bo- place of the five kinds of Methodists livia is the strangest land of that Britain knew up to 25 years ago, South America. Its elevation of one single denomination, operating twelve or thirteen thousand feet above 15,367 churches and mission halls, with sea level cuts the country off from the 4,541 ordained ministers, 37,090 local nst of the world. Many people of preachers, 1,649,065 Sunday-school European ancestry cannot live at all teachers and scholars, and 4,300,000 in the thin air of this high plateau; members, worshipers and adherents. all white people suffer a loss of energy. The new church is to be governed by a conference containing 450 ministers Centuries of life in the high Andes and 450 laymen. The usual reasons have given the Indians barrel-like are given in support of this union: chests, well suited to the thin air of desire to prevent overlapping in small their environment. When they ven- communities; to bring the power of a ture into the lowlands, however, their large denomination to bear on the enormous lungs prove fertile breeding problems of city churches; to secure places for the germs of tuberculosis. added efficiency in church boards and Few white men can thrive in Bolivia, institutions. Sir Robert Perks, an while the Indians dare not come down outstanding Wesleyan layman, speaks from their lofty mountain home. Most of the union in the London Times as of Bolivia's two million people are "the most important event in the hispure-blooded Indians. Four hundred tory of British Methodism since John years of exploitation by landowners, Wesley died in 1791."-Christian Cengovernment and the Catholic Church tury. have given them the "complex" of a subject race. Under such conditions 5

Musque in London uated for a hospital in the Basses Alps, about fifty miles from Nice. lONDON reports the collection of American Christians who visit in this region of France will be interested to L $350,000 toward the building of a see the Evangelical work in Digne under the direction of M. and Mme. Moslem mosque in the British capital. Contesse. The growth of Mohammedanism in England among the young is giving Ten Years in BelgiuDl many grave concern. This missionary work is done largely through the THE Belgian Gospel Mission cele- Ahmadiya mevement, which offers a brated its lOth anniversary at the sort of synthetic: religion. clese of last year. Four new posts were opened during the year and It is curious how lack of historical eleven new workers were added to the perspective gives to such cults the staff. Since the founding of the Misglamor of new inter-religious power. sion 43 pests have been opened where As a matter of fact, the Ahmadiya 160 regular meetings are held each movement started with one Mirza week. The distribution of Bibles, Ghulam Ahmad in 1889. A group ac- Scripture portions, cards, texts and cepted his claims to be the Mahdi, or books totaled 892,411. The official or- Messiah of Islamic expectation and the gan, "Our Hope," has a circulation of sect was given a universal character 7,800. by identifying this new Mahdi with the Hindu Avatar and the Christ, At one of the meetings of the anwhose sec~nd coming Christians niversary celebration, at which some awaited. His personality, he informed three hundred people were present, it his followers, was "spiritually a com- was asked how many people had been bination of the persons of these two brought to Christ through the Mission eminent prophets." He denied the and 225 arcse.-Annual Report. death and resurrection of Jesus who, he said, had had his wounds healed by Religiotis FreedoDl in Italy a magical ointment, fled to Galilee, and thence to Kashmir, where his tomb I TALIAN Protestants have awaited really was to be found! The propa- with some anxiety the pUblication ganda of the Ahmadiya missionaries of the terms of agreement between the in England is a sad commentary on Pope and the Italian. Government. A British intelligence. – Living Church. definite statement of the new laws has been made by Rev. E. J. Bradford, E, angelical Hospital in France Chairman of the Wesleyan Methodist church, residing in Rome. THE French South East Mission at Digne, has recently opened a sixty- Article I-Religious cults different bed hospital that has already exerted from the Catholic Apostolic and Roman a great influence for the Gospel. The are admitted in the kingdom, as long as doctor and nurses are all Christian they do not profess principles or follow soul winners and hold daily prayers rites which are contrary to public order with the patients. The hospital has or morality. proved a great blessing to evangelical Christians who formerly were obliged Article 2-The institutions of such to go to institutions under the care cults may be recognized as moral enof Roman Catholic priests and nuns. tities, by means of Royal Decrees, on the proposal of the Ministry of Justice in Prayer is asked for this work and concert with the Ministry of the Interior, the workers and for funds for the sup- after the Council of State and the Cabi- net Council has been consulted and port of nurses.* Digne is ideally sit- heard. Such moral entities are subject to the civil laws concerning government "'Gifts may be sent to the D. :U. Stearns authorization for the acquirement and FUlld. 147 W. School Lane. Germantown, Phila., alienation of the property of moral en- Pn. An American committee has been formed tities. Special rules for the exercise of including Rev. Donald G. Barnhouse. of Phila- vigilance and control by the State may delphia, and Dr. Howard A. Kelly, of BaltImore.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

further be established in the Decree for from the Church of Rome.-Record the creation of each moral entity. of Christian Work.

Article 3-The nomination of the BaptisDlS in Russia. ministers of cults different from the state religion must be notified to the A NT I-RELIGIOUS sentiment was Minister of Justice or of Religious Af- .t. strongly manifested in Moscow fairs for approval. No civil effect can be when, on June 30th, the Russian Bap- recognized of the ministerial acts of his tists conducted a religious service and ministry in the case of a minister of baptismal ceremony which lasted from religion if his nomination has not ob- 6 o'clock until 10 o'clock in the morn- tained the approval of government. ing.

Article 4-Difference of cult does not The newspaper report, quoted in the create an obstacle to the enjoyment of New York Times from Working Mos- civil and political rights, or render any- cow says: "Right here in Moscow- one ineligible for civil and military in the Summer of 1929, on June 30th service. -with the All Union Atheist Conven- tion just ended-with the Soviet Con- Article 5-Discussion of religious gress but a month ago having passed matters is entirely free. a constitutional amendment limiting religious propaganda-what do we Article 6–Parents or guardians may see? An incredible proceeding-a demand dispensation on behalf of their mass baptism by a religious cult in children from attendance at religious the Moscow River-in the heart of the instruction in the public schools. proletarian section of the city-under the walls of the 'Triangle' brewery." Article 7-Matrimony celebrated before any of the ministers of religion in- The writer runs on for four and a dicated in Article 3 produces the same half columns, with photographs showeffect as matrimony celebrated before ing a magnificent Baptist elder with a the officers of the Civil State, when the long white beard conducting a service, dispositions of the following Articles immersing the white-clad neophytes. shall have been observed. The Russian reporter calls the pro- Articles 8-12 contain the rules for ceedings "incredible," "inexplicable," the celebration of matrimony by non- "intolerable," and complains that the Roman Catholic ministers of religion Moscow Police Department gave a perwhich places them in the same position mit to the Baptists. in reference to the celebration of matrimony as Roman Catholic priests and in On the other hand the American a similar position to Authorized Per- Zionists are sharply attacking the sons in England. Soviet Government for their intoler- ance and ill treatment of Russian Jews -Christian Advocate. and for their suppression of Jewish religious and cultural organizations. The Waldenses Today The Zionists declare that the Russians are determined to destroy every ves- T HOSE sturdy Protestant surviv- tage of Judaism in the country. ors of persecution in Italy, the Waldenses, report a membership of The Jews in Czecho-Slovakia 19,172, with an influence far beyond I N CZECHO-SLOVAKIA there are their numbers. There are free ele- approximately 400,000 Jews who mentary schools, supported entirely vary much in type and outlook. In by the Church, and as many children and around the city of Prague they as can be packed into the buildings are extremely liberal, while in the outare under the influence of the Gospel. lying districts they are of a some- what more orthodox nature. In the It is interesting that a new organ- whole Republic there is today only one ization for boys, under the Fascisti Government and similar to the Boy Scouts, required each group to have religious instruction under the parish priest. The Waldenses asked exemption, and the government's decision is far-reaching. All boys of Evangelical churches are to receive religious teaching from their own ministers instead of the Roman priests. The nation seems in the way of freeing itself

missionary at work-Rev. C. A. Smith, of a century Africa may not be Chris- M.A., of Tillicoultry, who is giving tian, but it will be Christianized. service at Prague and round about. There will be no dark parts where the light of the Gospel has not shed its Mr. Smith finds those Jews with ray; there will be no tribe without its whom he has come in contact very ap- preachers, and no tongue into which proachable and always willing to enter some portion of the Scripture has not into friendly relations with him. In been translated.-Missionary Witness. Prague itself there are four universities with more than 20,000 students, Triumphs in West Africa and among these students there are many Jews, speaking all the languages REV. F. DEAVILLE WALKER, of Eastern Europe, for, in order to writing in The Moslem World, reobtain the benefit of university study, ports optimistically concerning the they have had to flee from their native progress of Christianity in West Aflands under the pressure of anti- rica. He believes that the Mohammesemitism. dan advance in that region, viewed with such concern by Christian world On behalf of these masses of stu- leaders twenty years ago, has been dents, a great Students' Union has definitely arrested. been organized by the American Y. M. C. A., and Mr. Smith has full free- A missionary of 18 years' experidom to go· in and out among them. ence is reported as saying that there He has many opportunities of bring- is practically no Mohammedan propaing the message of the Gospel to the ganda going on in Ashanti and that, so Jewish people. Every Sunday Jews far from every Moslem trader being a are present at the English service, missionary for his faith, they are some, perhaps, coming out of mere making no serious efforts to win curiosity, but others are sincere wor- Ashantis from their fetichism. Over shippers. A Bible class for young very wide areas there is not a single men and young women has also been Mohammedan missionary. Not an Afset going, and both Jews and Jew- rican minister, Government official or esses are members of the class which trader with whom he conversed, could is studying the life of Jesus Christ tell him of any important present day along Study Circle lines.-The Record. movement towards Islam.

AFRICA During the last 15 years the Wes- leyan Methodist missionaries and Af- A Challenge rican ministers have baptized over one hundred thousand adult converts from FIFTY years ago one could have fetichism in West Africa. In addi- drawn a red line fifty miles inland tion to these there are from 60,000 to and parallel to the coast all around 100,000 people who were baptized by the Continent of Africa, and, except- the Negro "prophet", William Harris, ing the South African colonies, there and his helpers. Islam in that field were hardly fifty stations inside that can show nothing comparable to these red line. Today there are fifteen hun- victories. dred stations occupied by white missionaries, while thousands of posts are Sudan Interior Mission held by the host of faithful black preachers of the Gospel. I N a letter dated May 1st, Mr. John Hall, of the Sudan Interior Mis- The advance in Africa in the last sion, writing from Kaltungo, via 25 years has been unprecedented in the Gombe, Nigeria, says: "For three and annals of Missions. The Sudan Inte- a half months our Sunday congregarior Mission has made an annual gain tions have steadily increased in size. of 20% for the paljlt four years. If By the beginning of March they were all the Missions can keep up the same taxing the capacity of the church inratio of increase for another quarter

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

terior; and by the last Sunday of that ated portions of Scripture, covering month they overflowed into the porches the main parts of the Old and New and verandas. Fortunately, the large Testaments and giving a clear outline grass roof extended on all four sides of the Bible facts as well as the main many feet beyond the walls, and, as it teachings. In 1918 appeared the litwas supported everywhere by palm erally translated Gospels and Acts, a tree posts, was· entirely independent classic in Scripture translations. In of the walls. By breaking down the addition to the "Book of Books" a sun-baked mud walls on two sides, and monthly paper in the vernacular is rebuilding them out at the roof-edge, published, along with other literature. we could make room for two hundred Still another matter of interest is the more persons-a task calling for a completion of the new railway from tremendous amount of labor. We set Ilebo to Bukama, in connection with the matter out before the congrega- which the King and Queen of Belgium tion. The discussion was short and paid a visit to the Congo in order to sweet; the execution was prompt, formally inaugurate the railway servspontaneous and free. Next morning ice.-Congo Mission News. at sunrise they began to come from far and near, and within an hour or African Boy Scout" two one hundred and fifty persons were at work. By sunset on Saturday ONE of the most interesting outthe whole place was rebuilt, recleaned growths of the Jeannes Training and redecorated. Since then, the at- School of Nairobi, British East Aftendances at the Sunday services have rica, is the development of the Boy still been in eXCESS of the additional Scouts. The principal, J. W. C. Dougseating accommodation."-The Chris- all, writes that it would be premature tian. to form troops as a part of the World Wide Scout Organization, but the AdTance in the Congo idea is rather to find what indigenous practices can be adapted. For examc AN ENCOURAGING feature of the pie, the people of Kavarondo have a custom of glvmg a praise title .tl work of the Congo Presbyterian "vVagosi," to these conspicuous for courageous service. Mr. Dougall now Mission is the growing recognition of has a group of sixteen boys called stewardship on the part of native "Wagosi," and membership comes on- Christians. The actual cash gifts ly to those who have earned the title. through native church collections and ThEse "Wagcsis" look the part when excluding all missionary or other for- on parade with their black shirts, eign donations exceed one hundred bracelets and anklets made from the thousand francs (approximately $3,- skin of a small black monkey; on their 000), being a gain of fifty per cent heads a band of the same skin with a over the gifts of the previous year. white plume.-Tuskegee Mess6nger. Several of our stations report nearly one half of their out-stations as being Mary Slessor Memorial Fund supported by the native church. rrHE Mary Slessor Memorial Fund The completion at Luebo of the was created in 1915 by the Foreign Morrison Memorial Church, seating 2,000 and having a number of features Mission Committee of the United which make it an outstanding build- Free Church of Scotland to provide ing, symbolizes the growing solidarity the salary of a memorial missionary of the work. Another forward step is and the expenses of the Slessor Memthe appearance of the whole Bible in orial Home for Women and Girls. The the Baluba-Lulua language. Sixteen funds received have been more than years ago we were rejoicing over the ample for these two purposes, and the publication of the "Malesona," a series committee now propose to widen the of literal translations and transliter-

original purposes and to make it ap- stantinople, Haifa, Alexandria, Cairo, plicable to all work in Calabar in Jerusalem, Damascus, Beirut, Baalbek, which Mary Slessor took a personal Aleppo, Alexandretta, Geneva, Paris interest. The following minute was and London. In all of these places impassed by the committee in Novem- portant conferences were held, public ber: meetings were attended and ad- dressed, prelates and other distin- 1. The committee record with much guished representatives of eastern satisfaction that the sum of £5,000 churches were visited and missionary authorized has now been secured. groups were consulted. The mission- aries welcomed the approach through 2. The erection of the Memorial religious education to the eastern Home at Arochuku is now approach- churches that the deputation proposed. ing completion, and there is money on Colleges and seminaries were also athand more than sufficient to meet the tentive and special openings for cost. teachers of religious education have been offered in such institutions as 3. In view of the interest which the American University of Beirut, continues to be manifested by many the American University of Cairo, the friends in the providing and maintain- University of Athens, the Greek ing of a worthy memorial, the commit- Orthodox Seminary in Alexandria and tee has decided to extend the fund to a group of educational institutions in include other parts of the women's Jerusalem.-World's S. S. Association work in Calabar, which was dear to N 6WS Bulletin. Miss Slessor's heart. Thc Case for Advance WESTERN ASIA T HE American Board is the sole New Approach to Ancient Churches missionary agency for the interior of Asia Minor. Nearly one half of F IVE leaders of religious education this area is without any missionary in North America composed a re- contacts. This half is nearly as large cent deputation from the World's Sun- as Italy and contains approximately day School Association to the Near three million Turks and Kurds. It in- East. Dr. Robt. M. Hopkins, General cludes the former stations of Tre- Secretary of the World's Sunday bizond, Erzroum, Van, Bitlis, Harpoot, School Association and Chairman of Diarbekir and Sivas, all vacant at the the International Council of Religious present time. Education; Dr. Wm. H. Main, Executive Secretary of the American Bap- According to the Turkish census, tist Publication Society; Rev. W. M. 84% of the population of the country Howlett, Religious Edutation Secre- live in rural areas, including towns of tary of the Greater New York City less than 10,000 inhabitants. All of Federation of Churches; Dr. W. Ed- cur missionaries with their instituward Raffety, Professor of Religious tions live and work in towns of more Education in the University of Red- than 10,000 inhabitants, or among the lands; and Mr. John R. Voris, Asso- 16% of the population. At the Jeruciate General Secretary of Near East salem Council definite plans were made Relief. for more adequately meeting these rural needs. The immediate objective of the pilgrimage was to help determine the re- A Moslem population of over two lationship of the World's Sunday million on the periphery of Turkey, School Association with ancient east- in lands for the most part under ern churches in the work of religious Christian government, is unusually education. A very decided opportu- open to Christian approach. One nity for fellowship in this work is German society has made a small beopen to the churchEs of the west.

The fifteen thousand mile itinerary took the deputation to Athens, Con-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ginning in this approach in Bulgaria. ten lepers who were healed by our In view of the difficulties in the way Lerd, of whom only one returned to of direct missionary activity in give thanks to Him. Turkey, the opportunity presented among the Turks of North Syria, First the story was told. Then Cyprus and Bulgaria and among the pieces of brown paper and chalk were Pomaks of Bulgaria and the Albanians handed round that the scene might be seems unusually ripe. The American drawn. After that, a big picture il- Board has gone into partnership with lustrating the 3tcry was held up for the Armenian Missionary Association the children to see; lastly the s:ene to telp the Armenians who have been was acted ty the little boys present. driven from Turkey, but who were formerly part of the constituency of "Ana Miskccn, Ana Miskcen"! the American Board and who are now whined the liWe lepers as they apscattered throughout the world. proached to te healed. The only one who returned to give thanks to Him Missions and Persian Government who had healed them stooped low in gratitude. THE great problem in Persia is the relation of mission schools to the Those children will not only re-_nemgovernrrent. There is no restriction ber that story, but they have caught a put upon Bible teaching for non- glimpse of its meaning.-Westcrn Mcs~ems and none for Moslems outside Asia News. of school hours. The schools continue to make tteir contributions to the INDIA evangelistic work of the missions. The medical department gave more than Review of Present Conditions 79,000 treatments to out-patients and 2,277 in-patients were cared for. An A N ARTICLE in the International outstanding feature of the outfield f t Review of Mission3 enumerates work has teen the medical itinerating. events of considerable importance in India in 1928. The second All-India The demands of the government are Women's Conference was held at to Persianize education as to lan- Delhi in February, 1928, presided guage, unify it as to religion, stand- over by the Begum Mother of Bhopa. ardize it as to educational method and REsolutions were passed in favor of contEnt. These demands obliged the the age of marriage being raised to schoels to revaluate methods. The re- 16 years for girls and 21 for boys; of ligious objective is to exalt Jesus compulsory primary education of Christ and to lead boys to a personal girls; of the establishment of an allsurrender to Him; the educational India fund for the promotion of objective is to prepare young men for women's education; of compulsory upright and useful service as citizens medical inspe:otion and medical trainof Persia. The present intense na- ing for girls as well as for beys, and tional feeling in Persia dictates a of increasing the numter of training policy cf great tact and careful ap- collEges. proach. Quiet and loving personal work in the presentation of the Gcspel A bill was brought forward in the is counted on for lasting results. Assembly raising the age of consent to 14 and 16 years for married and H(;w Arab Urchins Are Taught unmarried gir's r€spectively. A gov- ernment committee of enquiry has O""E hot Sunday morning in Jaffa teen appointed to investigate the law tetwten 40 and 50 little street relating to the age of consent. The Arats were assembled, collected from age of marriage h2s been fixe] by the the narrow streets of the old city. Baroda Legislative Ccuncil at I'! ye:lrs for girls and 18 fer toys. Si"T'ilar The stery was being taught of the laws have been s:lndioned by Kesh- mir, Mysore and sorre other Indian states. Rajkot h2_s raised the age of

marriage to 15 years for girls and 19 laws has often resulted in great hardfor boys. A bill was introduced into ship, and certain Hindu reformers bethe Assembly making Hindu child lieve that divorce is not inconsistent marriage invalid, and was altered in with the teachings of the Hindu sacred select committee so as to be applicable writings. Pandit K. P. Kaul, at a reto all communities, the minimum age cent social conference, moved that of marriage being fixed at 14 years steps be taken at an early date to enfor girls and 18 for boys. The bill act legislation to sanction the dissoluhas been hotly opposed by the Ortho- tion of Hindu marriages in cases of dox body of Hindus. desertion and cruelty by the husband, and in support of his resolution, cited The Madras Legislative -Council has quotations from Manu contemplating adopted a resolution recommending five causes under which a wife can retotal prohibition in the Madras Presi- marry in the lifetime of the husband. dency within 20 years. The govern- Although the resolution aroused conments of the provinces concerned have siderable opposition, it was carried by appointed committees of enquiry into a narrow majority, after an amendthe excessive use of opium in the areas ment was added including misconduct, whEre the worst abuses occur-e. g., bigamy, desertion and cruelty by Calcutta, Orissa and parts of Bombay. either party to the marriage, as rea- The slave-releasing commission is in- sons for a dissolution. Baroda State quiring into the condition of slaves seems to be leading the way in this liberated during 1928. new development and is in process of enacting a divorce law.-Dnyanodaya. The High Caste Hindu Round Table at Lucknow WHEREAS in the past it was the low caste and the "outcasts" of A "ROUND TABLE" group of India that were being reached by the representatives of churches in Gospel, news is cO'lling from all parts Northern India recently discussed at of India of its a'.:ceptance in increas- Lucknow the possibility of these ing numbers by the high caste Hindu. churches coming together in life, work and worship. Churches represented, The International R6view of Mis- in addition to the United Chureh of sions states: "Christian evangelistic North India, were the Methodist work has ccntinued steadily in all Episccpal, the WeslEyan Methodist parts of India throughout the year. (Northern Synod), Australian Wes- The mass movements are an important lEyans, Baptist Associations, Amerifact, especially in the Telugu country can Disciples of Christ, Australian and to the north. In Hyderabad and ChurchES of Christ and the Church of other parts of the Telugu country the Brethren. The Anglican Church there is a noticeable movement of awaits the result of negotiations in caste Hindus toward the church in the South India before entering the disareas in which tte mass movement cussion elsewhere. A general eageramcng the outcastes has proved most pess for union was observed. SOIre of effective. Two years ago there were the qu€stions considered were: How not a dozen high caste Hindu converts far is the Congregational system of in all Hyderabad villages. Today government desirable, and how far the there are at least 800. Similar facts Presbyterian? How far may the are recorded in othEr parts of the questicn of baptism be left open? country." Hew far is a united church possible without breaking ties of international Hindu Customs Changing fellowshi p? What form of creed is dEsirable as a basis of union? and H INDUISM is not static, as illus- What is the next step ?-Dnyanodaya. trated by the present agitation to allow divorce on certain grounds. The rigidity of the Hindu marriage

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

English-Trained Preacher.. for Ceylon treasure this best and highest of all gifts from the West, and plead that this THE Church Missionary Society has should he made a permanent gift to the recently decided upon a new method Christian Movement in China. Chrisof training men for the ministry in tian missions may terminate before Ceylon. Since there is no C. M. S. long. It is our sincerest hope that the Divinity School on the Island, men presence of Christian workers from have hitherto gone to South India for other lands will never be discontinued in the Christian Movement in China."

their theological training. The new -Woman's Missionary Friend.

plan is to invite one candidate at a time to come to England for study Resuming the Offensive T under a teacher who is familial' with HE Chinese Church, having passed through fins of persecution, is Ceylon and its needs. After ordination, each man is to have one or two undertaking the responsibility of an years of pastoral experience in Eng- indigenous organization. The enemy land, and thus the home church will be offensive is arrested, and the China brought into closer fellowship with Inland Mission is carrying through a the Church in Ceylon. counter-offensive in the territory al- loted to it. The Council of the Mis- CHINA sion has not only authorized the recall Anti-Foreign Spirit of a propcrtion of its missionaries, DR. DAVID YUI, perhaps the out- but is also sending out new workers. standing Christian Chinese in The actual number of recruits who China today, has given to the Secre- took their place in the ranks during tary of the Y. M. C. A. in China the the year was 69, including 24 associ- following statement regarding the ates. Of the 45 members added to our anti-foreign feeling in his country: lists, 19 were from North America, "Taking the Chinese people as a 18 from Great Britain, and 8 from whole, I do not believe that they are at Australasia. In addition 2 members all anti-foreign. They are perhaps a bit and 2 associates were transferred curious about foreigners at times, due from the retired to the active list. more to their ignorance than to any Thus the total number of missionaries animosity. As a matter of fact, they are on the active list on December 31, even kindly disposed toward foreigners, 1928, was 1,167, as compared with particularly those whose national lead- 1,185 at the end of 1927. ers have rendered some special service to China. In the minds of the Chinese In Kweichcw, one of the most negpeople the terms 'Americans' and lected provinces, with 57 out of 81 'friendship' are practically synonymous, counties unoccupied, a definite adand the names of John Hay, Roosevelt vance is planned. Provincial governand others are always honored. There ments are hastening to build better are a few Chinese individuals who, for roads, and thus unintentionally are one reason or another, are anti-foreign. speeding the advance of the mission- I do not think that this is any special ary. The helpl€ssness of idols to save Chinese characteristic. for we do not themselves has made a deep impresfail to find similar individuals in differ- sion, and there has been widespread ent countries. We should, however, take care that we do not take them to represent their entire people or race."

In another interview Mr. Yui says: d€struction of them, often by govern- "The missionary life is the best and ment order.-China's Millions. highest gift from the Christian Movements of the West to the Christian in Uphea… al a Blessing China. The true missionary life, the true Christian life, is not only beautiful, A STRIKING proof of how the uplifting, inspiring and helpful to man Spirit of God is guiding the Chibut also most acceptable and pleasing nese Christians is the recent coming to God. It is this type of life which together into one organization of more than anything else helps make a 120,000 of them, nearly one third the reality the Fatherhood of God and the evangelical membership of all China. Saviourhood of Jesus Christ. Wf do

This organization is the fruitage of Ogino, being appalled by the gynecosixteen mission boards. Of its mem~ logical treatment of women in the bel's two thirds are Presbyterians and hospitals of her country, sought adthe others mainly Congregationalists mission to the Imperial Government and English Baptists. The proper Medical School. It was not until 1884 name of this organization is "The that this permission was grantej, but Church of Christ in China," though she had in the meantime studied mediit is usually called in this country, cine so diligently that she was able to "The United Church of Christ in pass tte necessary examinations after China." one year's work; and in 1885 she be- came the first woman doctor in Japan. Dr. Y. C. Yong, President of Soochow University, declares: "The more Anether coeducational medical in- I analyze the situation, the more I am stitution in Tokyo was established in convinced that the Christian Church 1875 by Tai Hasegawa, the first Japa" in China, instead of having been set nese to study medicine in Europe back by recent events, has really been after the revolution of 1868. At this put in a stronger position than ever." coIlege Mrs. Yayoi Yoshioka was -Christian Observer. graduated in 1892. She says: A Revival in China "In these days, rigid, feudalistic codes held sway, so that the male stu- REV. W. B. COLE, of the Methodist dents oppossed the female students. Episcopal Mission in Sienya, Accordingly, in 1900 the school did not Fukien, reports a very encouraging permit women to matriculate and the religious awakening in their district. girl students asked me to establish a Special meetings were held for twelve women's medical school. I founded days, at about Easter time, and crowds my school in a room in my dispensary, came from all the country round to which were admitted only four girl about. At every service there were students. This is the origin of the many conversions and a large number Tokyo Women's Medical College. Few of earnest inquirers. "At times half people felt the necessity of professions the audience would try to come for- for women in those days, so the manward to the altar," writes Mr. Cole. agement of the school was difficult. The Chinese evangelists assisted in Nevertheless, in 1909 we had our first the services-a preacher, a singer and successful examime of the medical lia Bible woman. The Christians were cense examination." also greatly aroused and sought the baptism of the Holy Spirit for cleans- In Dr. Yoshioka's medical college ing and power. "The revival has just the course consists of one year's prebegun," continues Mr. Cole. "It must paratory and four years' medical spread to all the country places." study. In 1928 there were enrolled 807 students, and the school has grad- JAPAN·CHOSEN uated 1,247 medical women. There are now about 1,500 women doctors in Women's Progress Japan. They not only practice medi- cine, but some are internes of hos- JAP AN'S rapid advance in culture is pitals, and work in government serv- shown by the education of her ice. Some also work in factoriES and women. In 1888 the first Japanese in relief work; while others are phywoman to study medicine was gradu- sicians of the primary schools and ated from the Woman's Medical Col- girls' high schools throughout the Emlege of Philadelphia. In "The Story pire. of the Medical Education of Women in Japan," ty the president of the Dr. Yoshioka has built three hos- Women's Medical College in Tokyo, pitals, and the alumnre have also built Dr. Yayoi Yoshioka, says that in 1868 one, all fer teaching purpcses, as well another Japanese woman named Ginko as for the benefit of rich and poor

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

patients. These hospitals have several by mortgages; the Koreans are notohundreds of beds and a dormitory for riously ready to go into debt, heedless housing five hundred students, a lab- of consequences. When the day of oratory, and a new library. At the settlement arrives, the usual result is Shiseikai hospital alone, which the ejectment. As this process goes on alumnre built after the earthquake of apace, the Korean is being crowded to 1923, 40,000 patients have been the wall. Meanwhile, public improvetreated since 1926. ments of all sorts appear on every hand. Cowpaths become motor high- An All Night Meeting ways. Electricity and water systems extend, even through country regions. MISS J. M. JOHNTONE, of the The cities are rapidly developing, with Presbyterian girls' school at higher class buildings and all the fa- Shimonoseki, writes of an all night cilities of the Western world. meeting for spiritual inquiry that followed a Christmas celebration. She The effect upon the Church is says: "The celebration began with marked, and the day of testing is alexercises for the children which lasted ready far advanced. The question of from six until half past eight. The keeping the Sabbath holy unto the celebration for adults included Lord press€s in the most exacting way. speeches and a two-hour sermon which Will a man consent to work on Sunday ended at half past twelve. Twenty- or lose his job? When "the five-day six remained, including five girl stu- market" falls on Sunday, shall the dents from Tokyo who came to talk farm produce be taken to market on about spiritual things. These twenty- Sunday or not sold? (Over eighty six started asking Mr. Homma ques- per cent of the people live by farmtions and the conference· continued ing.) The question of debt was likeuntil nine in the morning when all wise cropping up constantly. How said that the light of faith had could one help borrowing, when his dawned in their lives. That was a labor did not yield enough to support fifteen-hour Christmas celebration! his family? And how could he give Mr. Hirotsu said the earnestness of when he could not make enough to these girls and the way Mr. Homma, live? the evangelist, answered their difficulties was a revelation. Last year Even so, hundreds of Stewardship Mr. Homma received and answered Covenants were signed. At the last of seven thousand letters on spiritual the eight conferences, out of a group matters." of not over two hundred, one hundred and fifty-()ne pressed to the front to Stewardship in Korea sign the cards, crowding the space in front of the pulpit, as the prayer of I N HIS stewardship campaign dedication was offered. No pressure around the world, Mr. David Mc- whatever was brought to bear, but in- Conaughy spent a full month in Ko- variably, caution was given against rea, holding seventy speaking engage- impulsive decision, and generally opments with an attendance larger than portunity was afforded prayerfully to elsewhere. He reports in the Korean consider the step over night before mind a complex of self-pity and eco- entering into the covenant. nomic hopelessness, due in part to political conditions. AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANEA Especially in the southern part of A Young Fijian Society the country the land is rapidly passing out of the hands of the Koreans into A E. ALLAN, who spent three those of their conquerors, the Japa- • months touring the islands, nese. The latter make it easy to bor- states that a new Fiji is springing up row, but always with ample protection and that Young Fijian's Society is causing the younger generation to

think new thoughts. It makes a finan- ing six Sunday schools, and arrangcial levy on its members, where once ing for an occasional C. E. rally. In the Church alone appealed. The na- the Garo part of the field the progress tives now dress better, eat more costly is much more marked; the churches food, and even ride in motors. This there support four full time workers, means less money for our missionary and report two hundred and fifty-seven funds. Education is making its ap- baptisms. peal, too. The Indians and Chinese are ousting the Fijian in trade and For three years the Union has had commerce, leaving for the owners of before it the idea of supporting a the land the routine work in the worker of its own, possibly in a towns, on the wharves, and on the high selected area. For this purpose conseas. The Davuilevu Institution is tributions have been received and doing a great work in preparing the placed in what is known as the "Reboys to face life well equipped. Its serve Fund," which stands at present technical and secondary schools are at Rs. 1,000. supplying a much felt need. Most of the speakers of the Con- The great wave of evangelism does ference were Bengalis, who presented not sweep over the land as it did. It addresses and papers of a high order. is very true our work is not yet com- -Baptist Missionary Review. pleted. Nothing will take the place of evangelistic effort, but complementary MISCELLANEOUS to that there must be the education of the native. He looks out on a new More Missionaries in 1928 world in wonderment. The missionary cannot be dispensed with. The THE number of new missionaries native needs supervision and guidance, sailing in "1928 exceeded those of and is not ready for self-government, 1927 by more than 100, according to either in State or Church affairs. the Student Volunteer Bulletin. This is the first year since 1920 to show an We visited one station that has been increase over the previous year. The without a missionary for some time- Bulletin continues: empty mission house, unsupervised school. This means that the mission- "Outgoing missionaries last year ary in the next circuit has 150 miles numbered 667. Yet it must be rememof coastline to look after. The next bered that even these 667 new miscircuit with quite as much coastline sionaries who did sail in 1928 are not rarely seES its head through sickness. enough to maintain missionary per- We visited one village that had not sonnel abroad at the present totals. seen a white missionary for 15 years! Conservate estimates state that at -The Layman. least 1,500 new mISSIOnaries are needed annually to make good the in- Australian Baptist Mission evitable lesses, due to retirement, ill- health, and other causes, of the total A NINTH annual united conference Protestant mission forces of about 30,- comprising the Baptist churches 000 missionaries. In the past, North of the Australia and New Zealand America has furnished over four mission fields sends encouraging re- seventh of that total. This means that ports of advance, both in native con- at least 850 new missionaries will be tributions and increasing responsibil- needed each year from North America ity. As yet, no Bengali church sup- if our boards are to maintain their ports its pastor, but several have present missionary forces. However, established a "Pastor's Fund" with the average for the past three years this end in view. One church is staff- has been 28 per cent below the re- quired replacerr:ent number."

WORTH

Any book8 mentioned in the8e column8 will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Pioneer Days in Hawaii. By Oliver P. only be a pastor and spiritual guide Emerson. 12 mo. 259 pp. $2. to the people," Mrs. Emerson wrote Garden City, New York. 1928. after several months' work, "but also The transformation of the Hawai- a school teacher, doctor, farmer and ian Islands from savagery to civiliza- mechanic, and this not for a few hun- tion is one of the great outstanding dred, but for thousands." It was a miracles of missions. It was accom- busy, strenuous life in which husband plished largely by American mission- and wife seem to have shared equally.

aries, most of them from New Eng- Trials there were in abundance but land. Beginning in October, 1819, they are treated of in such matter-of- company after company of strong, fact, uncomplaining fashion that often sturdy young men and women, eminent one must read between the lines to alike for piety and resourcefulness, realize how many and how great they left home and country and braved the were. The station was, in reality, a long, perilous voyage around Cape social settlement of the very best sort, Horn to preach the Gospel and win with God in the midst and help for souls for Christ in these far distant men of every kind, derelict whites as islands. In the fifth company, com- well as the savage natives. The Em- prising nineteen missionaries, which erson home was supplied with many sailed from New Bedford on the servants (let the critics take notice) whale ship, Averick, on November 26, not because they wanted them, for they 1831, were John S. Emerson and his were often more trouble than they bride ("a daughter of the manse"), were worth, but because it seemed the Ursula Sophia Newell Emerson, whose only way to teach them spiritual reali- life story is charmingly told in this ties and train them in habits of clean- volume by their son, Oliver P. Emer- liness and industry. So the young son. wife cheerfully took them into her Landing at Honolulu on May 17, home and endured their stupidity and 1832, after a voyage of nearly five inefficiency. She was in reality giv- months, the young couple were as- ing them practical courses in home signed to the district of Waialua on economics and Christian living. It the island of Oahu, where as yet no cost her much, but paid well. The hus- missionaries had been working. Here band likewise employed the native men in the virgin forest they planted a in carrying out his various projects, station and wrought a great work for often because of the invaluable oppor- God and their fellow men during more tunities it offered for training them than half a century. They were true and winning their respect.

pioneers, willing and able to turn One wonders how they managed it their hands to any kind of work that all for God blessed them with a large would help to advance their purpose. family. Into this happy home there Though preaching the Gospel was came, one after the other, seven stal- their dominant aim, they were not un- wart sons and last of all one precious mindful of the other needs of their daughter. The coming of each was people. "A missionary here must not hailed with joy and they formed a 653

wonderful family of strong, sturdy, Western Theological Seminary, Pitts- burgh, has studied the subject for well-trained children, five of whom many years. He presents a critical survey of the movements toward unity engaged in work in the islands, at within Christendom, including all the churches of all lands from the time of least for a time, following in the foot- Christ until the present day. He has constructed an impartial and accurate steps of father and mother. Mr. history. The Archbishop of York and Principal Alfred E. Garvie, of Lon- Oliver P. Emerson, author of the book, don, Deputy Chairman of the Lau- sanne World Conference on Faith and served for many years as secretary of Order, have written introductions in which they heartily commend the volthe Hawaiian Evangelical Association, ume. The former says that "there has not been in the world hitherto, so far having been called to the task from a as I know, any survey of that field (the age-long concern for unity) that successful pastorate in the United can compare with this in thoughtful- ness and completeness." The rich States. stores of material are supplemented by an invaluable "cronology of Chris- The book has a special mission to tian unity" and by appendices of de- nominational statistics, official docuthose who think that social service is ments, and a copious index. One will do wisely to buy this book. a new development in missionary A. J. BROWN. work and that the idea of taking to Windows Into Alaska. Gertrude Chandler the mission field a Gospel for the Warner and Elizabeth Harris. 87 pp. 75 cents. New York. 1928. whole man is a discovery of the pres- Under the North Star. Katharine E. ent generation. The truth is that the Gladfelter. 135 pp. 75 cents. New York. 1928. pioneers, at least those of the stamp of the Emersons, cared no less than the missionaries of the present day for the bodies as well as the souls of their people and sought their complete development. Nowhere can a truer picture be found of pioneer work and of what the early missionaries at- tempted to do than in this volume. It is a herioc story, told largely in ex- tracts from letters and diaries of the father and mother. The son also adds much that is of value, especially in connection with the later work in the islands. B. M. B.

Christian Unity – Its History and Chal- In spite of an ever inereasinghorde lenge in All Communions, in All Lands. of tourists, many magazine articles Gaius Jackson Slosser. 8 va. 425 pp. and well-written booh, Alaska re- New York. $5. mains largely a Terra incognita. The tourist who goes as far North as This is a volume of unusual value. Skagway is much inclined to think of Two modern religious movements of Alaska in the terms of the rather small major importance are the protest segment he has seen. The country is against war as a means of settling in- so large it baffles one's comprehension. ternational disputes and the demand Its sparce population, infinite variafor closer cooperation and union of tion of climate, painfulIy inadequate Christian churches as an indispensa- communications, div.ersity of native ble means for bringing the great culture, languages and customs all spiritual forces of Christ to bear more lend themselves readily to misundereffectively upon the moral conditions standings and misconceptions. The of America and the world. No other missionary work of the Christian book has dealt with this great subject Cburch in Alaska is well organized, with such comprehensiveness. It pre- well manned and highly significant. sents an immense range of facts, and Its fruitage abounds. In order to imwith remarkable clearness. The au- part clear ideas and to awaken the inthor, who is Professor of Church His- terest of the child in missions and in tory and History of Doctrine in the

BOOKS WORTH READING

Alaska these books have been pre- England, Ireland and Germany. There are sketches of pioneer missionaries pared. They accomplish their task from the 13th century down to the present time. "The unfinished task" well and are to be commended to those shows the still unoccupied areas-geo- graphical, religious and moral. The who are in search of material to use last chapter tells of the International Missionary Council meeting at Jeruwith primary classes and with junior salem, the witchery of the place, the personnel, the program under eight boys and girls. Their value is in- heads, and finally the triumphant agreement on the Christian Message creased by the Worship Services and to the World.

the Supplementary material that are Each chapter has "intelligence tests" on its contents and a list of included. A. J. MONTGOMERY. thirty books is given for supplemen- tary reading. This book is more than The Missionary Education of Primary Chil- a compendium of church history. Its dren. Wilhelmina Stooker. 182 pp. purpose is to bring a revival of mis- $1. New York. 1929. sionary zeal by proving that "the mis- sionary passion is in the very heart of From a rich experience among chil- Christianity." Its effect is to rekindle an enthusiastic belief in Missions. dren the author presents a discussion MRS. S. G. WILSON. by a group of parents and teachers. Church Year Sermons. Thomas Sims. Some are from the city and some from 208 pp. $1.75. New York. 1928.

rural districts, but all are united in It is encouraging to realize that such messages are being delivered. their desire to help children to relate The pastor emeritus" of the First Congregational church, Mel r 0 s e , themselves happily with others of Massachusettes, who spent twenty years in one pulpit, has followed the God's great family. Beginning with Church year, from Advent to Easter, as arranged by the English Prayer near-by people, then far-away friends, Book. This method of securing vari- ety, unity and continuity has proved through play, stories, pictures, mak- effective and is a kind of insurance against falling into ruts. More and ing things, and "finding-out" experi- more these sermons hold the atten- tion. While never startling or revoluences, understanding and appreciation tionary, yet they carry conviction.

are developed. The Home by its at- J. F. RIGGS.

mosphere, contacts and teaching, the Tales of Pioneers. Paper ls. C. M. S. London. 1928. Church by its organization for wor- These nine short stories of Chrisship, giving and study of world tians won in non-Christian lands in- clude the remarkable history of friendship, are the agencies to be Kagawa of Japan and others less known but inspiring, those who were used. The book is stimulating and won to Christ in Uganda, India, China and Persia. Attractive colored plates full of practical suggestions, as real furnish illustrations.

questions and problems are raised and successful solutions are given by the unique method of an informal discus- sion. MRS. S. G. WILSON.

From Jerusalem. to Jerusalem. Helen Bar- rett Montgomery. 240 pp. 50c paper, 75c cloth. Cambridge. 1929.

This popular author, Helen Barrett Montgomery, is always sure of an eager audience. Beginning with Pentecost, she gives a clear and vivid resume of the progress of Christianity; its spread through the Roman Empire in the first three centuries until Constantine united Church and State; the little-known story of the conquests of the Armenian and Nestorian churches and of the Franciscan missionaries extending even to China; the winning of Europe by the Eastern Church among the Slavonic tribes and by the Western Church in France,

.Tames Hannington of Africa. By Charles Proverbs 16: 22). But the study D. Michael. IlJustrated. 8 vo. 183 throws much light on the wonderful pp. 28. Glasgow. 1928. character and ministry of our Lord Jesus Christ. This earthly life, which began in England in 1847 and ended in Central Africa in 1885-less than forty years Boys and Girls of India. IIlus. 18. C. M. later-was full of adventure. James S. London. 1928.

Hannington was the son of a merchant Boys and girls in America will like in Sussex and became Missionary this attractively illustrated story of Bishop to Uganda. He was well edu- their seven comrads in India. We cated and possessed an earnest pur- read of their homes in village and pose, wide sympathies, great courage, jungle, their parents and playmates, artistic talent and a keen sense of their games and adventures.

humor. The story of his life is stim- The Letters of Maxwell Chaplin. Edited ulating, though not marked by literary by George Stewart. Foreword by Robskill. It might have been made much ert E. Speer. 8 vo. 239 pp. $2.50. more attractive to young people but New York. 1928.

the human interest and heroic note of Some men grow old and their youth this martyr's life is in the story. is forgotten or their early promise of "Lutheran Missionsjahrbuch" for 1929. noble development and fine achieve- 42d volume. Editor Dr. W. Gerber, ment is never fulfilled. Max Chaplin Leipzig. $.50. lives in these letters in eternal, vig- orous, chivalrous Christian youth. He This annual presents a great amount was a lovable fellow, viril and fine spirited; intelligent and earnest; his of useful information. It is the year- short life was rich in service to Christ and his fellowmen. Max was born book of the Saxon Missionskonferenz at Morristown, New Jersey, on May 9, 1890, and died in China in July, and serves as a rallying force for the 1926-his earthly career cut off after only seven years of missionary serv- Lutherans of Europe. It also presents ice. His preparation had been un- usual, through his Christian home full statistics of the work in the va- training, his education at Hill School, Princeton and Hartford and his Y. rious mission fields of the Lutherans M. C. A. war work overseas. Max won his way by honest, patient effort, of America. The Jerusalem Confer- ence stands in the center of the dis- cussions and the book contains a number of monographs on missionary subjects. There is a full bibliography of mission publications in many lan- guages. C. T. BENZE.

The Wonderful Names of Our Wonderful and by a pure strong character early Lord. By Thomas C. Horton. 12 mo. given over to the control of Jesus 200 pp. 75c. Long Beach, California. Christ. His letters will be an in- 1928. spiration to other young men. They Among the Hebrews the name de- are natural, well-expressed, and vivid, scribed the person- his character or dealing frankly and intimately with history. The study of these names his experiences and his convictions, of our Lord is a study of our Lord his ambitions and fellowships. Hav- and 80 reveals Him. Three hundred ing been written to friends and the and sixty-five names are listed-one home circle they give exceptionally for every day in the year. Some are stimulating, graphic pictures of life figures of speech or types are taken at school and college, at the seminary, from a phrase that describes some in war contacts and on the mission phase of Christ's work, and others field. They are good reading for young only by the author's inference related and old. They show Max to be a con- to Christ. A few of the interpreta- scientious and courageous Pacifist and tions and references will be questioned a consistent and self-sacrificing Chris- (as for example "Understanding" in tian.