The Missionary Review of the World — February 1935

1935

Idols Falling in China James P. Leynse A Robber's Church in India H. R. Coventry A Century of Medical Work in China J. Oscar Thomson Problems and Encouragements at Home Seen by Home Mission Executives The Success of Missionary Children Ellsworth Huntington Among the Italians in America A. Di Domenica

~bt 1Sing'~ .u~int~~ Augustus Field Beard was born

May 11, 1833, in Norwalk, son of Al- published by gernon Edwin and Mary E. Mallory Beard. After attendmg Williston BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES Academy, he went to Yale, bemg graduated with the A. B. degree in A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it 1857 and receiving his Master's de- gree in 1860. In 1857 and 1858 he for every member of the family circle went to Auburn Theological Seminary, and in 1860, the year that he was I SSUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- ordained a minister of the Congrega- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- tional Church, was graduated from mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Union Theological Seminary. interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Dr. Beard in 1886 became corre- International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily sponding secretary of the American Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Missionary Association of the Congre- Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; gational Church. For many years he Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present took a prominent part in the developavailable free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of ment of schools and colleges for Nelamison's Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- groes in the South, and on his huntaining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of dredth birthday anniversary, a fund these premiums is limited, so order at once. of $100,000 was started to provide scholarships for advanced Negro stu- Address: dents.

tlrbt Iting'5 1iusimss *** 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California Miss Frances Cecil Heath, one of the most valued leaders of the Y. W. Dates to Remember Obituary Note. C. A. in Great Britain, died on De- cember 30, 1934. She was the daugh- FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY Masanobu Ishizaka, first Dean and ter of the late Rev. Christopher and ASSEMBLIES then President of Aoyama Gakuin, Mrs. Heath of Hucclecote and Chelten- Tokyo, died in that city November 8. ham and joined the Y. W. C. A. in For further information, write to His doctor's degree was received at 1912 as Divisional Secretary of the Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d St., Johns Hopkins University. Southern Division of Great Britain. North, St. Petersburg, Fla. She became principal of the Associa- January 26-30-0rlando. Dr. J. J. Ran*som* , p*ioneer Method- tion's Training College in London and January 27-30-Deland. when the College closed Miss Heath Jan u a r y 30-February 1 – P a I m ist missionary to Brazil, died at Nash- went to Jamaica, and put the work of ville, Tenn., October 18. Dr. Ransom the Y. W. C. A. on a lasting founda- Beaches. organized the Methodist Mission in tion so that it has increased in February 2-7-Miami. Brazil, and was an outstanding lin- strength. Her remarkable power with February 7-8-Bradenton. guist and theologian, contributing Colored girls was evident when later February 7-S-Fort Myers. frequently to church periodicals and she went to West Africa to make a February 9-IS-St. Petersburg. translating religious works into Por- survey for the World's Y. W. C. A. February 10-13-Clearwater. tuguese. As a result of her visit a good work February 13-1S-Tampa. was started in Lagos. February 17-19-Lakeland. The Rev. Fr*ede*ric*k Lynch, D.D., February 17-19-Winter Haven. If you use February 19-21-Gainesville. minister, editor and peace advocate, February 23-26-Jacksonville. secretary of the Church Peace Union, PRINTING 1914-26, died in December at his home January 22-2S-Cause and Cure of in New York City, at the age of 67. YOU will profit from an ac- War Conference. Washington, D. C. quaintanceship with us. We Dr. Lynch was born at Peace Dale, do the job complete in our own January 22 – February 16 – Cornell R. 1., and studied at Yale and was or- plant. whether it be large or School for Missionaries, Cornell, dained in the Congregational ministry small. N. Y. in 1899. He edited Christian Work for twenty years, 1906-26, and was While our specialty is Books. February ll-IS-Annual Meeting, In- president (1910-18) of the American Magatines and Pamphlets. vet ternational Council of Religious Scandinavian Foundation. He was a we have a variety of modem Education, Chicago. founder and in 1914-26 secretary of equipment to meet all the re- the World Alliance for International quirements of vour particular February 24-Brotherhood Day. Friendship. job. You will find our service March 8-World Day of Prayer. prompt, careful and courteous. March S-IO-Youth Conference under The Rev. Dr. Augustus F. Beard, the oldest Yale alumnus and the old- Will you allow us to estimate the Auspices of the Greater New est Christian minister in the United on your next printing? We be- York Federation of C h u r c h e s, States, died on December 22d at his lieve you will be delighted with Riverside Church, New York. home in Norwalk, Connecticut. He our product, price and service. was 101 years old on May 11. The EVANGELICAL PRESS He took his first airplane ride at 100. Print.,., of The Mi.s5lonary Retri…. of the WMid He attained wide recognition for his work in the advancement of higher PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE education for Southern Negroes, and third and Reily Str••ts Harrl_l, P.. was for many years secretary of the American Missionary Association.

MISSIONARY issue, and 1 congratulate you. After "We deeply regret that

REVIEW OF THE WORLD I laid it down my wife took it up, and Young, when called upon by the when I came back an hour later she Minister of War, did demon- DELAVAN L. PmRsoN, Editor was still reading it. strate the use of the hand 'bil- lies' on one occasion. This we VOL. LVIII FEB.,1935 No.2 PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, feel was a serious error on his Trea8urer of the Moravian Church. part. The leading newspapers Publication and Business Oftlce in Ecuador recognize that Mr. Third and Reily Sta., Harrisburg, Pa. *** Young acted from a sincere de- sire to save human life, without Editorial and Executive Office It was a glad surprise to find the thought of gain for himself . . . 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City latest copy of the REVIEW on the S. S. Entered as second-class matter at Empre88 of Canada last summer when "Mr. Young has served as a Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act enroute to Honolulu. Someone ought missionary in Ecuador since of March 3, 1879. to place the REVIEW on other large 1918 and has proved himself to 25 cents a aopY-$2.50 a year. be a devoted servant of Christ, Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. steamers! an earnest and successful win- Published monthly, except August. ner of souls. We believe he acted All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. ANNE SEESHOLTZ, Exec. Sec., innocently, although inadvised- British agents, Marshall, Morgan Council of Women for Home Mi8- ly, in this matter." and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 8ion8, New York, N. Y. DAVID MASON. 10 shlllings a year. *** Personal Items MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- This January MISSIONARY REVIEW LISHING CO., INC. Mr. W. P. Livingstone, of Edin- BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE WORLD, fine as it is all burgh, has retired from editorship of Life and Work, official organ of the RoBERT E. SPEER, President through, appeals to me especially be- Church of Scotland, and the young WM: I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President people's missionary paper, Other WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer cause of its breadth of vision in giv- Lands. Mr. Livingstone is the author DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary of fourteen missionary books, of which SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT ing all Christian matters pertaining the best known are "Mary Slessor of MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Calabar," "Laws of Livingstonia" and WM. B. LIPPHARD to the Church of Christ throughout "The Galilee Doctor." He is well ERIC M. NORTH known not only in Great Britain and MILTON T. STAUFFER the World. ADELE GREENE. America, but.in Africa, Australia and A. L. W ARNSHUIB the West Indies. His Life of Mary SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Wa8hington, D. C. Slessor has been translated into Ara- bic, Dutch, French, Chinese, Welsh, Editorial Chat "Missions or Hand Grenades" Hindi, Norwegian and Hungarian.

January was the month for taking A Correction *** account of stock; for considering the past and its lessons; and to prepare Exception has been taken to a Carlton M: Sherwood, General Secfor an advance. The Foreign Mis- paragraph in our December retary of the International Society of sions Conference met for this purpose number (page 589), under the Christian Endeavor, has been apin Garden City (Jan. 2 to 4) and the above caption. The information pointed Executive Director of the As- Home Missions Conference in Phila- was copied from The Living sociated Boards for Christian Colleges delphia (Jan. 6 to 10). Both meetings Church which, in turn, quoted in China, with headquarters in Bosof missionary executives are briefly from testimony presented at the ton. reported in our "Topics of the Times." munitions inquiry in Washing- Fuller reports can be obtained from ton. Letters from Rev. A. C. Dr. John H.* Fi*nley*, educator and the headquarters of the Foreign Mis- Snead, and from Rev. David Masions Conference, now at 156 Fifth son, Foreign Secretaries of the publicist, has accepted the national Avenue, New York, and of the Home Christian and Missionary Alli- chairmanship of "Brotherhood Day" Missions Council and the Council of ance, under which Mr. Young which will be observed by Protestants, Women for Home Missions, 105 East was sent as a missionary to Catholics and Jews on February 24, 22d Street, New York. The REVIEW Ecuador, throw light on the mat- 1935. is cooperating, heartily but unofficial- ter. These letters and The Ally, with these interdenominational or- liance Weekly contain the fol- Rev. Frank T*. C* ar*twright, Associganizations and with all evangelical lowing comments on the incimission boards and societies, denom- dent: ate Secretary of the Methodist Forinational or independent, that are eign Board, is touring the mission seeking to make Christ known and to "During 1932, there was con- fields to study cooperative problems enlist men and women in His service. siderable political turmoil in in Japan, Korea, China, the Philip- Ecuador, with frequent revolu- pines and Malaysia. The aim of the REVIEW is to pre- tions, during which many lives sent the universal need for Christ and were lost, including the lives of *** His Gospel and to report how God is innocent bystanders, among them working today in all parts of the a fine Ecuadorian Christian. In Miss Sue Weddell, Secretary of world to reveal Himself, to save men order to prevent further blood- You n g Peoples' Work, Reformed from sin and eternal death, and to shed Mr. Young suggested to the Church in America, has been elected establish His sovereign control in all authorities that tear-gas might Chairman of the Board of Managers lands and in all realms of life. be used in place of guns to over- of the Missionary Education Move- come the unruly rebellious mobs. ment. *** As a result, communication was established between the Minis- *** Encouragement comes from letters ter of War and the Federal Labwhich tell of the way God is using the oratories and sample "billies"- Miss Anne Seesholtz, Executive REVIEW to stimulate interest in our tear gas bombs – were sent Secretary of the Council of Women readers and enlist them in His service. through the regular Government for Home Missions, has received a Some of these write as follows: channels to Ecuador. We are as- degree of Doctor of Philosophy from sured that Mr. Young did not Columbia University. Her field is This afternoon I did something that take orders for the bombs. History and Philosophy of Religion. is psychologically all wrong, but I could not help it. I took up the Janu- [49 ] ary REVIEW and read it from cover to cover. I simply could not stop. I think it is an exceptionally interesting

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ARTIST INTERPRETS CHRIST'S

1. The Parable of the Great Supper. 2 The Broad and Narrow Gates. 3. The Wise ",nd Foolish Virgins. 4. The Good Shepherd Returning. 5. "Ask and It Shall Be Given You." REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LVIII FEBRUARY, 1935 NUMBER Two —-~- —–~~—————————————— Topics of the Times HOME MISSIONS TODAY IN AMERICA of the Church to move with the frontier and to establish churches and schools. In our own day geographical fron- Some of the present-day problems and challenge tiers are shifting, as in the Tennessee Valley development.

in the task of making America Christian was pre- By the turn of the twentieth century the frontier had sented in the twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of shifted from the West to the industrial communities of the Home Missions Council and the Council of the East, from Anglo-Saxon to the Slavic, Latin and Women for Home Missions which met in Phila- Semitic races. The Church never really occupied this delphia, January 7th to 10th. The presiding offi- frontier, with serious consequences for the America of to- day. This frontier still lies as a challenge before the cers were Dr. Charles E. Schreffer, Secretary of home mission agencies. But the frontier of the new day is largely social-inthe Reformed Church in the United States Board dustrial, economic. It is psychological and spiritual. Conof Home Missions, and Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, gregationalists are creating a Social Action Department, President of the Council of Women for Home and the Baptists have appointed a Christian Social Action Missions. The topics discussed included young Commission. There can be no doubt that it is the func- people's work, pioneering, migrant workers, In- tion of the Church to cultivate social insight, to create social sympathies, to cultivate social imagination-that dian work, Jews, New Americans, West Indies, the effect of individual conduct or social action may be Alaska, rural work, church buildings, Orientals, envisaged-and to cultivate in individuals and groups not cooperation and strategy and planning for the only a willingness to share but the courage to create situa- future. The home mission study topic for the year tions under which they must share. As the Church dur- ing the eighteenth century prepared men to serve on the (1935-6) is the "Next Steps in Home Missions." geographical frontier and later other men to serve on racial frontiers, should not the Church and its home lPis- The major emphases of the message for the sion agencies now definitely set apart men for service present day were enumerated by Dr. Chas. H.

Sears as follows: along the new social frontiers?

The current demands upon religion are for spiritual Home mission leaders must be quick to shift their stratpower to transcend difficult and almost baffling circum- egy to meet changed conditions, recognizing that "Church stances that confront us. Men look to the Church to cul- extension" demanded on the geographic frontier is not tivate the resources of the Spirit. The human spirit can the "Church extension" required on the social frontiernever be satisfied with its material environment for it fewer new churches, more outreach in ministry. The has needs which no social order can satisfy. The time- home mission programs required today must meet the reless task of the Church is to cultivate the powers of the ligious needs of people and the social needs of individuals Spirit by which great souls rise superior to and become and communities rather than seek only to save one's self.

victorious over circumstance. The work in the home mission fields was ably Men look to the Church to cultivate the active mood reviewed by Dr. Wm. R. King, Executive Secre- through which men are inspired to lay the foundations of social life in accord with Christian principles. The tary of the Council. There are now twenty-six Christian Church must not fail it at such a time as this. denominations cooperating and the Council is also It must ever recognize the essential character of religion affiliated with ten interdenominational bodies, -that religion is life and is dependent upon spiritual nineteen State Home Mission Councils, fifteen forces. Current demands upon home mission agencies include State Councils of Churches, forty-five City Church programs that comprehend the whole task of the Church; Federations, and nine cooperative regional com- programs that are extensive and that carry vital religion missions. Cooperation between evangelical agen- along the shifting frontiers of American life-geographi- cies is a great feature of the two Home Mission cal, racial, social. Within one hundred years after the Councils.

close of the Revolutionary War the geographical frontier T~e p.resent trends to which Dr. King called atof America was pushed forward from the Appalachian Mountains almost to the Pacific Coast. It was the task tentIon Include (1) improvement in financial sup- [ 51 ]

port; (2) consolidation and simplification in "Confessional Synod," cannot be foreseen. Up to board organization and administration; (3) in- the present the contributions to the missionary creased cooperation between denominational agen- societies have been well maintained. The threat- cies; (4) new steps toward comity to eliminate ened collapse is due to the restrictions which the overlapping and waste of energy and money; (5) Government, owing to financial circumstances, has greater emphasis on evangelism and the need for imposed on German exchange. The transmission spiritual awakenings, with plans for Gospel of money out of Germany has been greatly re- preaching missions; (6) there are also unfavora- stricted and though the German missionary soci- ble trends toward denominational emphasis due eties have funds at their disposal they are not to a mistaken idea of the need for self-preserva- allowed to send them out of the country excepting tion; (7) anti-religious and anti-denominational as authorized by the Government.

activity; (8) attacks on home missions as an out- The normal expenditures of the German evan- of-date enterprise – due to prejudice or lack of gelical missionary societies on their work abroad information. has been approximately $1,650,000 a year, of The fourfold challenge to the Christians in which about $500,000 was for general missionary American churches was outlined as follows: (1) purposes such as the payment of indigenous work- To realize and make known the great present-day ers, the maintenance of institutions and general need and to employ more effective methods to running expenses, while the remainder covered meet that need; (2) to unify the study and ap- the allowances to German missionaries. It was proach to the problem and the attempts at the hoped that a certain amount (probably less than solution, without interfering with individual ini- half the normal sum required) would be allowed tiative and operation; (3) to put home missions to be transmitted for this latter purpose, since .

to the fore as an inspiring service for Christ and the Government recognizes an obligation towards mankind and a vital part of each church program; its own nationals overseas. The latest informa- (4) a determination to advance in spite of diffi- tion is, however, that the restrictions on exchange culties, to regain lost ground and to evangelize will not permit the sending of even this limited untouched fields and un-Christian areas of life. contribution. In November, only 8,500 marks were The Church must, under the guidance and power available for the total support of German mission- of God, conquer atheism, materialism, and selfish- ary work throughout the world. The German fields ness. Christ alone is able to solve all problems thus receive no money at all from home, or at the but He evidently does not plan to solve them alone. best an insignificant amount. It needs little im- As Head of the Church He calls for the devoted agination to realize the difficulties and distress cooperation of His followers. created by the sudden cutting off of customary The conference this year passed special resolu- supplies from the home base for the churches in tions urging the adoption of the Costigan-Wagner the field. The German societies have appealed to anti-lynching bill; the observance of "Sanctuary the missionary societies in other countries to come Sunday"; approval of the Religion and Welfare to their aid in the attempt to mitigate the dire ef- Recovery Movement, and of the Young People's Spiritual Emphasis Movement. fects of the calamity. The Conference of Missionary Societies in Great The president of the Home Missions Council for the coming year is Dr. E. M. Halliday, of the Britain invited representatives of the German Congregational Church. Mrs. Daniel A. Poling missionary societies to come to London to c~mfer continues to be the efficient president of the Coun- with a subcommittee of its Standing Committee cil of Women for Home Missions. The next an- and with the officers of the International Missionnual Home Missions Conference is to be held in ary Council. The conference took place at Edin- Washington, D. C., early in January, 1936, and burgh House on November 12 and 13, 1934, and will center its attention chiefly on Town and Coun- each of about twenty-five German mission fields try work, and the Rural Fields, which is to be was examined in detail. The result showed that home mission study topic for the year 1937-8. at least $250,000 a year, or half of the amount hitherto transmitted for general missionary pur- A CRISIS IN GERMAN MISSIONS poses, would be required to meet pressing needs. It was assumed that the German societies would The work of German evangelical missions be allowed t; remit in addition at least some part throughout the world is threatened with catas- of the money required for missionary salaries- trophe. The primary cause is not the conflict an assumption which is likely to prove mistaken.

within the German Church, though how that con- Real and urgent as the need is, it is clear that flict may affect the work of the missionary socie- in the present financial straits in which the mis- ties, all of which have identified themselves with sionary societies in all countries find themselves the movement represented by the conservative there is little hope of obtaining from their con-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

stituencies additional contributions to anything tress during a limited period, probably not longer like the amount required. On the other hand, the than the end of next June. The figures given in Church throughout the world cannot stand aside an earlier paragraph are an indication of the exand see the fruits of one hundred years of mission tent of the need. Similar appeals are being made work fall into ruins. in Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries.

A continuance of German missionary work on Some missionary societies outside Germany its former basis is impossible unless the restric- have special links or associations with a particutions on foreign exchange are relaxed. The Ger- lar German mission and consequently may regard man societies, like the missionary societies in it as a special obligation to give help in that quarother countries, though in a still more drastic and ter. There is no reason why special efforts of this abrupt way, may be obliged to reconstruct their nature, while retaining their distinctive character, whole work to meet the altered conditions. But should not be coordinated with a more general efthis task, though it must be taken in hand at once, fort in which the missionary societies in other cannot be carried through in a day. It will have, countries seek collectively to bring aid to the soremoreover, to be undertaken in international con- ly pressed churches established by the German sultation and cooperation. If the German mission- missions. In order to avoid duplication of efforts, ary societies are prevented from supplying either and to provide for cooperation, it is urgently remen or money for their fields, a large and impor- quested that the offices of the International Mistant work, hitherto conducted by a German mis- sionary Council, now at 156 Fifth Avenue, New sion, is threatened with complete collapse, a situa- York, be used as a clearing house of information tion may be created in which some other society and that notice of all funds sent from any source outside Germany working in an adjoining field in North America to any German mission, and may feel under an obligation to come to its aid. the place to which they are sent, should be at once communicated to the same office* In order that these possibilities may be explored, a breathing space is essential. In the A. L. WARNSHUIS. meantime there are needs of extreme urgency to be met. Unless some help is immediately forth- FORWARD IN FOREIGN MISSIONS coming the catastrophe may be complete. Like Napoleon's drummer boy, the foreign mis- The facts were fully reported to the Committee sion leaders of North America "know not how to of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions beat a retreat"-but for a different reason. The Conference of North America and upon the rec- Foreign Missions Conference of North America, ommendation of that Committee, the Conference including some 200 missionaries, executives and on January 3d adopted the following resolutions: other leaders of the United States and Canada, met (January 2 to 4) at Garden City, Long Island, That this Annual Conference commend to the churches in their forty-second annual conference. They and boards an appeal for contributions to an Emergency faced frankly old and new difficulties that con- Fund for immediate relief to German missions and with a front the enterprise at home and abroad-financial view to providing for a period of a few months in which straits; indifference in the churches; opposition plans may be developed for the necessary support of the and regulation by governments in Mexico and foreign missions of the churches in Germany. other lands; Roman Catholic antagonism to evan- gelical work in the Congo; divided forces and at That the Conference entrust this appeal and the Emer- times rival programs among Protestants; weak gency Fund to a special committee with the officers of the national churches; nationalism; materialism, ra- International Missionary Council. tionalism and godless communism. These and other difficulties do not dismay or discourage mis- That we authorize the special committee to seek a con- sionary leaders who are conscious that the forces ference with the German Ambassador to the United States that are for us are greater, far greater, than those to discuss with him the conditions in Germany which have against us. The Christian Church has always led to this regulation, and to learn how we may be of help, faced insuperable difficulties-insuperable to men and to inquire how some plan may be worked out which but not to God. would lessen the burden of our German fellow missionaries. A dark picture of economic and political condi- That this Annual Conference instruct the special com- tions in Europe was painted by Stanley Highmittee to express to the German Missionary Conference Congregational pastor, editor and radio speaker. the sincere sympathy of this Annual Conference and an It was a picture without much light or hope for assurance of its united prayers and such assistance as may be practicable with the hope that effective relief may • Contributions to the German Mission Emergency Fund may be soon be found from the difficult situation in which the Ger- sent to the office of the F'oreign Missions Conference, 156 Fifth man missions are now placed. Avenue, New York, and, in accordance with advice received from the German societies, these will be sent immediately where the need Is These resolutions have been put into effect im- greatest. mediately and an appeal has been sent to all the Foreign Mission Boards in North America to contribute to the proposed Emergency Fund. No definite amount has been fixed for this fund, but the aim is only to provide relief for urgent dis-

he failed to take God and His forces into account. to Christ by word of mouth and by Christlike life The facts, the shadows cast by human selfishness and service. Their appeal was very sympatheti- and sin, cast a gloom over the earth, but we must cally received and was referred to a committee not forget that God can change the whole situa- for further conference and recommendations.

tion over night. Here is manifested a revival of the missionary Dr. Herbert H. Farmer, a professor in Hartford spirit among college-trained youth that led to the Theological Seminary, clearly and cogently pre- formation of the Student Volunteer Movement a sented the brighter side of the picture, calling half century ago.

attention not only to the great need of man but to Other speakers at the conference included Dr. the saving power of God at work in the world. Francis Wei, of China; Dr. J. Oscar Thompson, Dr. Farmer pointed out that the Christian mes- of Canton; Dr. Victor G. Mills, of Montclair, and sage is uniquely adopted to the present age and Dr. Nicol Macnicol, formerly secretary of the that no man has the right to change this divine National Christian Council of India. Dr. Robert message to suit his own view of what will meet P. Wilder, who has given nearly half a century to human need. God speaks to the world through the missionary cause-in India, America, Europe, Christ and He speaks to His Church through the and the Near East-was introduced to the conferworld events that reveal human need.* ence.

One afternoon was spent in considering the Dr. John R. Mott was elected Chairman for the "Next Steps in Missions," but while helpful coming year, and it is proposed to hold the next thoughts were presented there seemed to be no annual meeting from January 8 to 10, 1936, in a clearly-defined program for advance. Dr. Fred place not yet designated. The annual budget F. Goodsell of Boston reported that the American required is $51,000. One of the features of this Board plans to emphasize evangelism-or "The year's meeting was the presence of a larger numexperience of Christ in modern life"; social action ber of younger people than usual, under thirty -or the application of Christianity to present-day years of age, a feature that it is proposed to conproblems; more cooperation in mission work; and tinue. One lack in this year's program was any a financial advance that will endeavor to enlist a effective presentation of concrete, up-to-date facts larger number of givers rather than to secure from the mission fields; the weakness of some larger gifts. Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon of the discussions of present-day problems 'was the lack Methodist Church, South, convincingly recom- of any adequate suggestions as to their solution. mended that missionaries be given more liberty The Foreign Missions Conference has, in past to work outside of established institutional pro- years, been the means of achieving many valuable grams-as Dr. Stanley Jones is doing in India and results in cooperation at home and abroad, in China and Dr. George Howard in South America. promoting missionary preparation, and in develop- The success of these plans depends on the guidance ing leadership and strength in the churches on the and power of the Spirit of God working in and field. through the missionaries. Dr. Alexander Paul, of the United Christian Missionary Society, rec- CONDITIONS IN SOUTH INDIA ommended that more power and authority be given Gandhi's political influence in India seems to be to National Christian leaders; Dr. S. G. Ziegler, diminishing. Many Indians are criticising the of the United Brethren Mission Board, strongly methods that he has employed. Some are trying advocated seeking to recapture for the Church the to gain results by working for majorities in the vision of the lost condition of the 800,000,000 or conventions. It is evident that the "Self-respect more still unevangelized, whose supreme need is Movement" in the middle classes, has gained for Christ and His salvation. God offers to do for markedly in extent and influence. It is mixed man that man cannot do for himself. Dr. John with Bolshevistic aims and works openly against R. Mott, who has recently returned from South religion. Such circles are openly hostile to Indian and Central Africa and is about to revisit the Far nationalism as it finds expression in Gandhi. East, gave one full evening to the subject of the Wherever he appears they wave the black flags need for further union and cooperation among which are their symbol, in protest against him.

the followers and forces of Christ. Gandhi is also compelled to face the opposition of One of the stirring features of the conference the orthodox- Hindu circles. Many Brahmins are was the personal appeal to the mission boards by enraged because he is fighting for the admission a group of Hartford Seminary students-of varied talents and church affiliations-who are asking to of the "untouchables" to the temples. be sent as a unit to some mission field for pioneer work, without guaranteed salaries, to bear witness All this points to the fact that the Indians can not be helped by mere political agitation. They need the Gospel of Christ, which alone can create • We expect to publish this address in our March number. a new beginning.-Leipzig Mission Report.

CHINESE PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS-LIVING GRADUATES OF CANTON MISSION

A Century of Medical Work in China* By J. OSCAR THOMSON, M.D., Canton Hospital, Canton, China T HE Centennial of the founding of the Canton The Canton Hospital, although it has had to Hospital in 1835 has a peculiar interest for close its doors on three occasions, has survived me. My father was in charge of the hospital many stirring events: Wars and sieges of Canton at the fiftieth anniversary in 1885, the year of my in 1840, 1856, and 1884; the T'ai P'ing rebellion; birth, and wrote a history of the hospital and of the Boxer outbreak of 1900; the Revolution of the Medical Missionary Society in China. At the 1911; the frequent contests of the warlords since. anniversary he read a letter from Dr. Peter and the political typhoon of 1926-28. Our insti- Parker, the founder of the institution and the tution has helped to produce, directly or indirectly, originator of modern medical missions, who many of the constructive movements in the modwrote: ernization of China. It has been an important factor in opening the doors of China. The fourth of November, 1835, was the date of my opening the Ophthalmic Hospital in Canton. To the adorable When we consider the conditions that existed in Saviour Jesus Christ be given the praise and gratitude of China, that walled in nation, in the early nineall the millions who, by the instrumentality of medical teenth century, we have the greatest admiration missionaries in the past, present and future, shall have for the courage and wisdom of the pioneers. Wells become acquainted with His unspeakable and divine char- Williams wrote: acter.

The chairman of the fiftieth anniversary meet- Owing to the increased hostility of the Chinese authoriing, the British Consul General Sir Challoner Ala- ties, the mission at Canton was now more than ever baster, remarked that because of the greatness of cramped and confined in its operations and perplexed bethe object and the importance of the work, others yond measure. The arrival of Dr. Peter Parker from New would be commemorating the one hundredth an- York in 1834 had added to the force an enthusiastic misniversary fifty years hence. sionary of exceptional vigor and ability who by his med- ical training was able to introduce a new factor that has • Substance of an address given at the Medical Missionary Dinner, performed a service of the highest importance between New York, December 14, 1934. Chinese and foreigners by removing their mutual mis- understandings. This was the establishment at Canton [ 55 ]

of a dispensary and hospital for the free treatment of organization which has a Council on Medical Mis- Chinese. sions of which the Chinese president of the Asso- Not only did Parker render a great service in ciation is a member, and which has a Section on "opening up China by his lancet" to missionary Medical Missions at the biennial conferences. work, but he also created in America and Europe What a fine culmination to the work of Parker, much interest in medical missions while the hos- Kerr and other noble men and women who had a pital was closed in 1840 owing to the war. superb vision and a Divine Leader.

The organization of the Medical Missionary So- The hospital compound at Kuk Fau in the centre ciety in China in 1838 is an indication of the eager of Canton, facing the Pearl River, and on the acceptance by the Chinese of the benefits of mod- most important street of the city of Rams, is a ern medicine, surgery in particular, and the in- great medical and missionary centre. It is a terest in medical missions on the part of all classes splendid viewing stand for momentous events.

of foreigners in China, merchants and officials, The daily exodus on the passage boats to all parts as well as missionaries. It was a splendid example of the delta takes place at the hospital gate. De- of a cooperative effort on a wide scale, that is feated and conquering armies pass the front door.

needed again today. It was international, Amer- The "Dare to Dies," wearing union suits of under- ican, British, and Chinese cooperating. It was wear as a uniform, carrying baskets of bombs, interdenominational, Congregationalists, Presby- passed by. Processions of all kinds, political, terians, Wesleyans, Episcopalians, Baptists, Quak- anti-foreign, anti-gambling, anti-opium, colorful ers and other denominations working harmoni- weddings and funerals are seen. Frequent clashes ously together. It was the first organization defi- of armies near or around the compound, with nitely to combine the alleviation of human suffer- rushes of noncombatants up the hospital lane to ing and the extension of Christianity. Its pros- escape the flying bullets. One campaign across pectus envisioned the spreading of scientific medi- the river lasted for a week, the hospital being in cine and Christianity throughout China-medical the centre of the fighting zone, and gunboats par- education, specialization in hospital work and ticipating, at a time when it was impossible to medical research, to benefit mutually the Orient evacuate the patients. Sun Yat-sen's gunboats and Occident. passed repeatedly up and down the river firing on Following the retirement of Dr. Peter Parker the soldiers on the Bund. Wounded from both and the burning of the hospital building which sides were in the hospital simultaneously. We Howqua, the Chinese senior Hong merchant had witnessed the massacre of the defeated· on one provided, Dr. John G. Kerr, a graduate of Jeffer- occasion; the assasination of high officials; fires son Medical College, reestablished the Pok Tsai -eight hundred houses burned on the north bank Hospital ("Hospital of Universal Benevolence") of the river, coming close to the hospital, when at the present site. For forty-four years he did a change of wind blew the sparks across the river great and enduring work. He built up a large and destroyed two hundred dwellings there. An- hospital. He wrote and translated many medical other fire extended for half a mile along the Bund, textbooks, the wood blocks of which were still at in front of the hospital, with a south wind blow- the hospital when I arrived twenty-five years ago. ing the sparks over the premises, and setting fire More than a hundred Chinese physicians were to wharves and passage boats which were left trained during his term of service. They became stranded by the ebb tide. The exploding ammuni- pillars of the church and highly respected leaders tion of the anti-pirate guards prevented the ap- of the medical profession. proach of the firefighters. Then there was the My father was intimate with Dr. Kerr and had great flood of 1915, aggravated by the floating great affection for him. One of the most impor- burning oil. Wrecks and drownings in the river tant events of that period was the organization of' are numerous.

the China Medical Missionary Association in 1887, The Revolution of 1911 introduced a new era of which Dr. Kerr was the first president. This for China, with modern medicine firmly estab- has been an important factor in the building up lished. Changes of government, attended by civil of modern medicine in China. The final and most and feudal wars have followed. Our institution convincing proof of the worth and status of med- has served as a base hospital, receiving the cream ical missions in China was the amalgamation in of the wounded (from a professional viewpoint) 1932 of the China Medical Association and the those with retained bullets or shell fragments or National Medical Association to form the Chinese with wounds of the head, chest or abdomen. The Medical Association, a wonderful example of maintenance of discipline has been an important union between a missionary and a national or- task requiring, for instance, the prevention of a ganization, "a fine instance of friendly interna- revolver fight amongst the bodyguard of a dying tionalism in -science." This is a national medical colonel over the regimental treasure chest. More

A CENTURY OF MEDICAL WORK IN CHiNA

than one hundred serious cases :kave been brought of Dr. Sun's dissatisfaction with conditions exist- to the hospital at one time, requiring the use of ing in China and his new ideas and thoughts were six operating tables. After the institution was developed while in the Canton Hospital and from full to the doors, wounded soldiers with retained there spread throughout China. On the occasion missiles have been brought from military hos- of the 80th anniversary in 1915, the President of pitals to have the foreign bodies removed and China, Lei Yuan Hung, sent a congratulatory tele- were then carried back. Seven pounds weight of gram and a gift of five thousand dollars. At the bullets were removed from wounded soldiers and eighty-fifth anniversary (1920), President Hsu civilians in one year,. Amongst the gunshot Shi Chang wrote a commendatory letter and do- wounds were many unusual cases such as the nated one thousand dollars. To commemorate the Yunnanese officer who was shot through the brain ninetieth anniversary, in appreciation of its serv- one year, and through the heart the next – and ices and to allow for its extension, the Govern- survived. One man, with twenty-six shrapnel ment of China, through the Mayor of Canton, Mr.

bullets distributed throughout his anatomy, Sun Fo, son of Dr. Sun, made a grant to the hos- wanted the removal of those not located in dan- pital of a splendid tract of land chosen by us.

gerous situations! When raising the twelve thousand graves which Gunshot wounds, tumors and vesical calculi are were on the land, some said to be four thousand common conditions. In Guy's Hospital, London, years old, we were reminded of Ezekiel's vision of and at Yale are paintings of many of Parker's the valley of dry bones, accompanied as it was by massive tumor cases; tumors with pedicles, caus- the rejuvenation then taking place in China.

ing neither pain nor disability are stock in trade Had Dr. Sun Yat-sen lived, it is probable that for beggars who are fortunate enough to possess China would have been spared the political ty- them. One man was reluctant to lose his fourteen- phoon in 1926 and 1927, with its communistic, pound parotid tumor of the neck because it served labor, anti-foreign, hypernationalistic and anti- as a comfortable pillow! Ten different "Chung Christian agitation. The events of those years Yees" in turn had guaranteed to cure a man with were varied and interesting. After a blockade of cervical lymphosarcoma. We had to treat him as the hospital for three days by the order of the a charity case and pay his way home after we had communistic labor leaders, because we declined to alleviated his pain by ligating his common carotid surrender the right to control the hospital em- artery. An infant, two days old, fell into a nat- ployees, we closed down the institution and dis- ural sleep while a teratoma, larger than its head, persed the staff and patients. At a conference was removed under local anesthesia, and went with the noncommunistic officials, who did all they home cured. More than four thousand operations could to help us, the editor of the Government's for the removal of vesical calculi have been per- English newspaper said, "Don't give in. You are formed in the Canton Hospital, some of the pa- in the right." Later he printed in full our version tients coming from long distances. A Chinese of the affair written at his request. ·When the living in Baltimore entered the Johns Hopkins storm had blown over we were thanked by Chinese Hospital with a large hernia. When told that he leaders for having resisted the impossible de- required an operation he returned to China to mands of the labor agitators and thus exposing have it done at Poktsai. their ignorance and intolerance. In the records Chinese Appreciation of the chief Russian communist, found after their expUlsion, was the statement, "The Canton Hos- At the seventy-fifth anniversary of the hospi- pital affair was badly managed."

tal's foundation, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, then President It was obvious that a movement which could of China, was present, lauded the work of the in- temporarily wreck such an institution as the Can- stitution where he had commenced the study of ton Hospital, the first benevolent institution in medicine while my father was in charge, and gave China, was artificially inspired, abnormal, un- a donation. Some years later on another visit to healthy and would not be permanent. The three the hospital to see the wounded, we took him to periods, before, during and after the chaotic years the operating room where we were about to com- of 1926 and 1927 were epochal, as different as mence work on the wounded. As we exposed the those prior to, during and following the French seat of injury of the first patient, Dr. Sun as- revolution. An official told me that were it not sumed from its location that the soldier had been for the mission schools and hospitals, little educa- wounded in the back whilst in rapid retreat from tional or medical work would have been done in the battlefield. He grunted, "Shot in the back," China during the past two decades. He also dep- and declined to examine any oether patients. Lay- recated the too rapid devolution of such institu- ing the cornerstone of our new building some tions as tending to lower standards.

months ago the Mayor of Canton said that much At the present time China is definitely discard-

ing its ancient ideas, traditions and customs, as The next meeting of the Chinese Medical Asso- indicated by the "New Life" and similar move- ciation, which is to be held in Canton in the first ments, and is seeking to find a self-respecting week of November, 1935, to commemorate the place in this modern age. The Government was centenary of the introduction of modern medicine anxious to have the Canton Hospital reopened, into China, will take place in the new Canton Hos- but it seemed wise to await the return of more pital building. It is essential that the Mission stable conditions and to avail ourselves of the op- Boards with medical work in China be well repre- portunity to reorganize and plan for another cen- sented in order that wise and coordinate plans tury of work if necessary. The deserted hospital may be prepared for ano~her century of work, if compound resembled a tropical jungle or a buried necessary.

city. It was possible to carry out plans that had We do not talk of "devolution" in Canton, but been maturing for some years. The Canton Hos- of cooperation, with gradually increasing Chinese pital was transferred to Lingnan University, control. The Occident and the Orient, the older which has a strong Chinese Christian Board of and the newer churches, are sharing in a common Directors with foreign representation. President task of establishing the Kingdom of Heaven on Chung told me recently that his chief concern is earth. The Canton Hospital still supplies many that the university shall maintain a strong Chris- converts to the church, many cured and happy patian influence, which he considers to be the chief, tients open doors to the Gospel and form centres if not the only reason for its continued existence. for evangelization. A few days before I left on He also remarked that buildings can be secured furlough a missionary lady visited the hospital and from Chinese sources, but that the needed for- said, "We have an enthusiastic new convert in our eign personnel and its maintenance must be sought church. She says you took away her thyroid from abroad. Some of the Chinese faculty mem- gland without her knowing it or having any pain; bers are the salt of the earth. The brother of a and while in the hospital she heard the Gospel." laundryman in America is one of the best. He is a Ph.D. of an American University and sang What are some of the results of the work? with the Glee Club. Most important of all are changed lives. The Liu family serves as an example. The father, Dr. Liu The next step was to arrange for the affiliation Tak Shaang, was a graduate of our medical school of the Hackett Medical School for Women (Amer- and served on the staff. Later he became college ican Presbyterian Board) to Lingrian University physician at the Canton Christian College (now and Canton Hospital, and to make it coeduca- known as Lingnan University). With the help tional. At the home of the Mayor of Canton, a of the college faculty, Mrs. Liu, after the death of Chinese lady, head of a large government scl,lOol her husband, continued the education of her famand of a hospital, told a "Medical Fact Finder" of ily, all of whom are college graduates. President the Laymen's Commission that the graduates of Hackett are abler, more dependable and have a Chung highly recommends her as a teacher of much finer spirit of service than those of govern- home economics! One daughter is a director of ment medical schools. The Pok Tsai and Yau Lingnan University and in charge of an impor- Tsai medical centres give postgraduate training tant school. She was overheard saying to Mr.

to interns and thus provide the outlying mission Sun Fo, also a Lingnan director, after a meeting hospitals with physicians. of the Board: "My students never had the objec- A new building is now being erected at the Can- tion to the study of the Bible that they have to the ton Hospital, most of the funds for which have compulsory study of your father's (Dr. Sun Yat- come from Chinese sources. In planning the new sen's) textbook, the San Man Chue Yee." A son, building there were many factors to be taken into a graduate of Cornell, is an expert in sericulture consideration: It must be a modern scientific and rural reconstruction and is doing splendid teaching hospital under Christian auspices, in the work for the government and for Lingnan Uni- tropics, with long, hot and humid summers and versity. Another daughter is the energetic and short, humid, cold winters; with the possibility efficient head of the Mission Union Normal School of foreign aggression, international wars, civil and in Canton; a sister is in charge of a large school feudal strife; blockades, strikes, and boycotts; in Macao which, though a Protestant institution, typhoons, fires, floods, and white ants, noise, dirt has the cordial support of the Portuguese Govern- and smoke. It must be an institution that would ment. A y6unger sister is our very attractive have the approval of the twenty or more organiza- young social service director. An interesting case tions-religious, mission and professional-that that she reconstructed was a young beggar woman have an oversight over the work of our staff mem- with a large abdominal tumor that had been grow- bers, also of the Chinese Government and its de- ing for nine years, the supporting factor for her partment of health, and finally of the many com- husband and son. When in desperate condition missions that tour the Orient! she lay down at the hospital gate to die, penniless.

IDOLS FALLING IN CHINA

We admitted her, improved her general condition Association medical missions have become an inand removed the tumor. Well-to-do patients in tegral and permanent part of the medical system the hospital became interested in her and contrib- of China. Where the pioneers had first to attack, uted to her future support. The husband, hearing then later to lead, now as partners, representaof this, tried to get the money, and being refused, tives of the older and younger churches share in was so unpleasant to her that she attempted to the task of reconstruction and harvesting. commit suicide. We frightened the man away, and the woman recovered. Miss Liu taught her fancy Observing several wooden idols floating down sewing and found her a place, ·first in the home the river we asked a passerby the reason. He reof the Moderator of the Church of Christ in China, plied, "We have no use for idols in this enlightin order to test her honesty. A new use for a ened age." Is Christianity or materialism to premoderator! Then she got work for her elsewhere. vail in China? The Moderator of the Church of The former beggar is now a strong, handsome, Christ in China, Rev. Y. S. T'aam, has written, independent, self-respecting woman, supporting "This comes at just the time when there are unherself and her son, and interested in hearing of surpassed opportunities open to the Christian the Great Physician. Church. The Gospel preaching is eagerly listened to." Dr. Stanley Jones, when in Canton, said: There are many other such families. On our "This situation constitutes the greatest evanhospital staff are a number of second and third gelistic opportunity in the world." generation Christians, and individuals whose ancestors served in it. Thoroughly qualified Chinese What is our object? We are earnestly looking graduates of foreign universities are now serving forward to the time when such institution~ as the on the staffs of our mission hospitals, as heads of Hospital of Universal Benevolence will no longer departments and taking their turn leading morn- be needed; to the time when "God shall wipe away ing chapel. A Christian medical profession is be- all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no ing perpetuated and through the Chinese Medical more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain."

Idols Falling in China -Ell By REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, Peiping, China I Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

I N THOUSANDS of homes in China the idols bership. I have had the privilege of baptizing are falling down. Change has come like a this year men and women, old and young, stu- shock. Ideas and standards have been shuffled dents and illiterate, all changed into new beings in striking fashion. The old religions are totter- by the grace of Jesus Christ and all having dising ruins. The temples are vacated. The control carded idol worship. Members of families were of the older generation has slipped away. The baptized together. Fathers with their grown-up youth is in the lead and seeking new ways. As a sons, mothers with their daughters, side by side result evangelism is experiencing a golden age of with single individuals, first ones of families to opportunities. Everywhere around us a clarion cross the barrier. For instance, Mr. Chang and call for service is sounded. What will take the his grown-up son, who testified that before their place of the idols? Communism or Christianity? conversion they were "like blind men ascending a mountain to view the landscape." And Mrs. Chia No Depres.sion in the Peiping Churches and her daughter, who confessed that "the eyes of their hearts were dead" to spiritual issues until There is a forward movement in the Peiping they met Jesus. Also the mechanic Li and his churches. Weare seeking to win more Christians wife and three children, a splendid volunteer and more faithful ones and the congregations join worker, who works hard so that his children may hands with us in striving to reach our section of be educated and his wife attend a Bible school for this great city. Our churches are putting the em- volunteer leaders. phasis unquestionably upon the spiritual, and therefore there is activity instead of depression. In China it is always exceedingly difficult for The church attendance is growing steadily and members of families to make an individual decismany new converts have been added to the mem- ion to break away from idol worship. But various

candidates for baptism have done so, like Mrs. to cheat the gods," but who now worships in spirit Ho, who as she stated had been "for 45 years a and truth Jesus Christ; or like Mrs. Li and Mrs.

vegetarian to please the Buddha with the Long Kao, who have rented two rooms at the most pop- Eyebrows" and who for years every morning and ular market place for a little Gospel Hall; or Mr.

evening "knelt once, bowed thrice and offered in- Kung, a former opium slave, now a prince in the cense and candles for 30 Buddhistic scriptures to Lord; and Mr. Fu, a business man and pillar of find the way of life." Now she has become a liv- one of our churches; and many others like them.

ing member of the Church of Christ, and an ar- There are also among them those with too much dent Bible reader. It is hard to realize how much unbridled enthusiasm like Sung the fifth who, it cost in sacrifice of self to become a single lamp after his conversion, went home to testify. He in a dark place like Mrs. Hu Li and many others. preached on the streets in his home town, made After her heart was reached she buried her idols, a deep impression, but took the idol of the Buddha but when truly converted she dug them up and with the 1,000 arms and eyes out of the temple burned them. She was the new believer who had and chased the priests away. He was caught by the story of her conversion printed and sent to all the police, beaten till unconscious and put in her relatives and friends with the signature: prison. As a member of a gospel team he is still "Formerly Hu Li, now Mrs. Born-Again." needing our constant guidance. It was also neces- Lighted Pagodas sary to guide wisely the trio consisting of a dyer of blue cloth, a coal shop owner, and a hatter.

All our three city churches are self-supporting, They memorized whole parts of the Bible and went self-governing, and largely self-propagating. The out preaching all over North China carrying neither purse nor scrip and refusing all support. forming of a number of volunteer evangelistic They had many conversions but they gave up their bands has been one of our most fruitful achieve- business, let their wives and children suffer, and ments. Spiritually, our volunteer leaders have came back to our church stranded and lacking in had much capital to invest and their profits are maintenance. therefore large. Bands are preaching in court yards, homes, factories and shops. They are The Hall of Happiness illuminating the neighborhood like lighted pago- Electrically lighted gospel posters on the doors das. As a member testified, they are greatly en- and walls make our two city gospel halls attraccouraged to see that "the Lord responds to man tive places where large crowds gather. There we as quickly as shadow to form or echo to voice." face five evenings a week the five types of Chinese Bible classes, various training classes of two society: weeks' duration, revival meetings, prayer meetings, cottage meetings, systematic home visitation, The scholars, feeling superior to the lower weeks of gate-to-gate preaching, report evenings, order of beings; classes of mass education, and other activities keep the lamps burning and make our large num- The farmers, in town to sell their products, ber of gospel teams a valuable asset in our aim to amazed by a civilization producing loudspeakwin the Chinese by the Chinese. Mr. Sun, of our ers and radios; church, this year bought a small printing press and prints all the tracts used by these volunteer The mechanics, who build and proclaim that bands at cost price. A shopkeeper keeps a bundle next to food, shelter is the only necessity of of tracts in his counter for free distribution. A life; seller of millet puts a tract in each package. Church-member Chao bought tracts and evan-~ The tradesmen weary of a day full of bartering in trying to squeeze the last penny; and The soldiers whose business in China often seems to be to consume what others produce.

gelistic literature worth two months of his salary But also, modestly sitting in a corner, there are and a nurse of our hospital gave 10 % of her in- the women, with dignified old faces or keen young come to the tract fund. ones, countenances with souls behind them, calm, The Chinese we come in contact with outside serene and composed, purged of egotism by living our churches are no longer worshiping idols at the in crowded quarters, the real leaders behind the temples. They are in the grip of a spiritual family thrones. Large colored posters, Biblical hunger. After the storm of change there are lantern slides in Chinese setting, music, singing, pears to gather. Shall Bolshevism reap them? and popular illustrated talks penetrate their The claim to the harvest of China is open to any walled-in hearts new to spiritual issues.

claimant. Our volunteer leaders are taking their Outside the meetings we reach the hitherto un- place. They are of all kinds: like Miss Wang, reached through Bible classes for men and- women, the teacher, who confessed that she used to "spend English night school for business boys and girls, many good coppers to buy sham silver with which day school for poor children, mass educational

classes, clubs for women and girls, and special the electrician, who persuaded his whole family, meetings for children, women, and parents. The including an old mother of 75 years, to throw gospel halls are also the entrance halls to our away their idols.. On Sunday he leads his family churches, a field for clinical experience and self- to the church and almost every evening he stands expression for our volunteer lay-leaders. There at the door of one of the gospel halls welcoming they receive their practical training in soul-win- the people with tracts bought with his own money. ning work. Always a group of them is present to testify, act as ushers, doorkeepers, and distrib- This year these services changed also the opium utor.s of enquirers' cards. After the preaching den of Mr. and Mrs. Chao into a little gospel hall. there is the gathering of enquirers in a side room. For years they had been opium smokers. They Personal things are there semi-publicly discussed, were fairly well-to-do but poor in spirit. It took privacy is rarely sought after and so one, once months of daily care before they found salvation. showing genuine concern about his soul life, has But once reached by Christ they were able to from the very beginning the support of a group break the opium habit without any medical assistof our leaders. ance. Their opium den became a neighborhood house where they preach and live the Gospel to- The work in the gospel halls reveals plainly that gether with Mrs. Chang "the woman with the the Chinese of today are, practically speaking, black soul." She came in contact with Christ at without a religion, without their many gods. They our weekly meetings at the Peiping prison. For are open to leadership, asking for anything that years she had sold opium to the coolie classes and promises to uplift, welcoming any idealism. "I injected morphine Into ricksha boys. Taken to am seeking for something worth while to live for" prison she found there salvation at one of our is a crying need often heard at these after-meet- meetings and has become an ardent and capable ings. These are the days to spread the Gospel in personal worker in one of our street halls. China. The results of this year's work in the gospel halls has been distinctly seen in the grow- The idols are falling and something will have to ing attendance at our churches. Mr. Hsia, a take their place. Russia has already hundreds of young student, who after his conversion kept on Chinese students working as volunteer agents in repeating: "I do not know how to describe my all parts of the country. Humanism of a nonexperience. Everything in and around me is so theistic tendency is already a potent force in the changed, even the leaves of the trees seem changed hearts of many a Chinese youth. If Christ Jesus to a new shade of green." He is an ardent mem- is to be the Saviour of the individual and the reber of a gospel team, disowned by his father, poor generator of present living conditions the Church in earthly goods for Christ's sake, but rich in of Christ in all lands must face the challenge and spirit, winning many young people. And Mr. Kao, spread the Glad Tidings to those who have not yet heard.

OLD CHINESE RELIGIONS LOSING GROUND By DR. FRANCIS CHO-MIN WEI, President of Chunghua College, a Protestant Episcopal Institution, Wuchang, Central China Dr. Wei, who is now in America, recently addressed the students at Yale University, New Haven, on "The Changing China and Christianity." He said: China has to choose what kind of nation she is to be. She is at the cross-roads. Her choosing within our generation will determine her destiny for the next century. And the world cannot be indifferent to her decision. China's most difficult problem is not political. In spite of the startling headlines occasionally 'found in newspapers in America, China is approaching national unification under able leadership. Her problem is not even economic. With peace and order restored, economic development is only a question of time. The West has ready lessons to teach us in this respect, and we are learning.

The problem of the gravest concern to one who looks seriously into the future of China is whether the spiritual forces in the country are sufficiently strong to direct and mold her political and economic development during the next thirty years. The popular religion which used to sway the masses is losing its grip. Taoism and Buddhism have no message for modern China. Confucianism is too closely tied up with the political and social institutions of the past to maintain its hold upon the people under a new economic order. But there is much in its outlook on life, in its ethical ideology, that may still be revitalized. Its conception of the individual as a social being in a network of relationships, each offering a chance for development, its emphasis on the duties of man rather than his rights, what he owes to others in his station of life rather than what he can claim for himself, its tremendous faith in the capacity of man for development and for living together, and its conviction that the universe is a moral order wherein man finds a place for moral lifeall these can be revitalized. But this can only be if Christianity brings to China and her masses the gospel that God is the Father of all men, that He desires them to live together as brothers, and that Jesus of Nazareth shows the way in which that kind of life can be lived.

Years' Growth in

By CLIFFORD M. DRURY, Ph.D., Moscow, Idaho A RECENT issue of the Bulletin of the Na- tians to take up the work dropped by their for- tional Christian Council of China (May eign comrades. More was accomplished under 25, 1934) carries the following statistics the urgent necessities of the time toward turning which reveal a very healthy growth of the Prot- over responsibility to the Chinese Christians tnan estant Christian Church in China during the nine would ordinarily have been accomplished in a years covered by the statistics: ,. decade or more. The persecutions endured by the 1923 1932 native C h r i s t.i an s purified the church and Foreign Missionaries (138 societies) .. 7,663 6,150 strengthened them in the faith. The foreigners Resident stations ………………. . 1,149 1,130 could flee but the native Christians were obliged Ordained Chinese clergy (124 societies) 1,696 1,86"5 Communicant (full) members ……. . 402,539 488,53g to stay and meet the opposition. :Now we are be- Under religious instruction ………. . 292,857 239,655 ginning to see the results of those turbulent years These statistics show an increase in the number -the Christian Church has grown! of ordained Chinese Protestant clergy of 169 and an increase of 86,000 communicants. There is a There was a great spiritual awakening for the decrease of 1,513 foreign missionaries; of 19 Christians in China following the Boxer uprising. resident stations; and of 53,202 of those under The Protestant Church doubled its membership religious instruction. On the whole the report is from 1900 to 1906. By 1907, the communicants very encouraging. The nine years covered have numbered 178,261. By 1923, this number had been some of the most troublesome for Christian been more than doubled again.' As the church missionary work. grew in numbers the ratio of increase decreased. Now during these nine years under review, the In 1926, five missionaries, Roman Catholic as well as Protestant, gave their lives to the cause church grew 21 %. of Christ. Others were taken captive by bandits. Communistic propaganda, with its anti-Christian A very significant development in the foreign teachings, was exceedingly strong in some sec- mission personnel in China is the increase of the tions.. The nationalistic spirit, with its anti-for- number of Americans as compared to the number eign tendencies, was equally strong in other sec- of Britishers. In 1907, there were 1,727 British tions. In both cases the Christian cause was missionaries to 1,304 American. The percentage under suspicion and criticism. was then forty-five to thirty-five, the balance be- ing made up of missionaries from other lands. Just before the Nanking tragedy of March, By 1922, only 18% of the Protestant missionaries 1927, the Protestant missionaries reached the peak of their numerical strength. At that time were British, while 51 % came from the United 8,200 were reported. When Nanking was taken States.

From 1858 to 1914 the ratio of foreign workers to native converts remained at about one to fifty.

by the southern troops, representatives of five na- After 1914 this ratio was changed. The with- tionalities were killed, including one Protestant drawal of missionaries following the Nanking in- missionary and two Roman Catholics. This trag- cident has now brought this ratio to one mission- edy hastened the withdrawal of all foreigners ary for every eighty communicants.

from all parts of the interior. By the summer of The Protestant work is strongest in the mari- 1927, 60 % of the 8,200 missionaries who were in time provinces because it was here that they first China before the Nanking affair, were out of got started, due to the rights to dwell in cert'ain China. Most of these returned to their home- treaty ports. In 1922, seven out of every ten l~nds. From three to five hundred were trans- communicants resided in these provinces, and ferred temporarily to mission stations in Korea, most of these lived in or near the treaty ports Japan, Siam, etc. About 3,000 remained in China, themselves.

many of whom found refuge in such coast cities The outlook for the growth of the Christian as Shanghai. Only about 500 remained in the in- Church is promising for the church is wen terior at their work. This wholesale evacuation equipped with native leadership. The old feeling was on the orders and advice of the consular and that the Christian religion was a "foreign" reli- diplomatic officials who were fearful of compli- gion is dying down. The one great purpose of the cations arising out of the Nanking incident. missionary is to put himself out of business by so One beneficial result of this wholesale evacua- developing the native work as to make the for- tion was the necessity of the Chinese native Chris- eign worker unnecessary.

[62 ]

J. R. SATHE (AT LEFT) AND CONVERTS FROM SETTLEMENT AT

A Robber's Church in India -4§f By H. R. COVENTRY, Baramati, Poona District, India J!t– Missionary of the Australian Churches of Christ Mission, 1916- DOWN the ages strange and varied persons proud Kaikadi who may lead an armed band of have composed the Church which is the highway robbers. These and many more types body of Christ. From the day when the are to be found scattered about this sub-continent dying thief on Calvary was granted pardon and with its 352,000,000 people. The villagers fear Joseph of Arimathea used his newly hewn tomb them and therefore shelter and protect them when for the body of Jesus, the criminal, as well as the the police are hot in pursuit. City dwellers have highly respected, has been attracted to Christ. A had occasion to know of their presence, and travrobber's church is an anomaly but a Christian elers by road or train have been their normal prey. fellowship may contain reformed robbers, vessels These are professional thieves, whose only trade made over into redeemed souls fit for the Master's is robbery. They are proud of their forbears and use. have schooled their children in stories of their A peculiar situation exists in India where large caste heroes. They glory in one who even stole groups or castes of people are hereditary crim- from the Police Superintendent's bungalow or had inals. They are to be found in all the provinces, taken clothes and jewels from the Governor's rail- both among those professing Hinduism and Islam. way train! The form of crime committed by.each They belong to various strata of society, from the caste is decreed by their patron god or goddess. outcaste gypsy to the proud caste man. Their "We are a divine scourge," declared one proud rascality varies from the cringing, petty thief tribesman,"ordained to relieve the avaricious and who steals small articles from the bazaar to the the rich of their unmerited riches. Without us [63 ]

what would you judges do." Those of us who to the American Marathi Mission of the American have been educated in nominally Christian coun- Board. Later the settlement at Hubli was en- tries, know something of the righteous commands trusted to the Society for the Propagation of the of God cannot easily understand the mentality of Gospel, and in 1920 the settlement at Baramati, people who lack any ethical sense such as under- conducted by the Australian Churches of Christ, lies the sixth commandment. was recognized by the Government of Bombay.

What remedies can instil into these tribes the A few years ago the Depressed Class Mission principles of common honesty? Fear of the police undertook the control of the Belgaum settlement and prison does not reform although it may nold and last year, the Servants of India Society joined crime in check. Some agency is needed to reform the ranks by taking over Jalgaon Settlement in the adults and to drag them out of the pit into Khandesh. Many settlements are still under di- which their fathers had fallen. Children must be rect Government control.

given a chance to know some ot~er type of life. Efforts are made to instil into the minds of the The solution of this problem has been attempted youth of these castes right principles of living.

by the establishment of settlements all oyer. India. Education is compulsory for all children up to For the past twenty-five years the Bombay thirteen years of age. Night schools continue the Presidency has intrusted this reformatory work work backed up by Scouting and Guiding, lectures to a Revenue officer for whom a special depart- on temperance and other topics. Trades are ment has been created, first known as the Crim- taught to enable boys to secure better positions, inal Tribes Settlement Department. More recently to wean them from crime, and to prepare them its scope has been enlarged and it is now called to live rightly.

the Backward Class Department. Many of the The Government gives voluntary agencies a free men of these tribes would have been in prison hand in their religious work for the task is after had it not been for these settlements. Not only is all spiritual. We fight against powers of dark- the criminal brought to a settlement, but his wife ness. Sin and evil are rampant. Immorality is or wives and children also. He is given a small often a part of their religious creed and custom plot of land, sometimes a cash advance, and is so that it is difficult to convince such a person of told to build a house of mud bricks and a grass sin.

roof. Settlements are usually located in open Sound religious education naturally finds a spaces outside of towns and a high barbed wire prominent place in Christian activities, but the fence is the only barrier to freedom. In some conscience clause is observed. Any settler object- places even that is absent. They are placed upon ing to Christian teaching may be transferred to a their honor and are told that good behavior frlr Government settlement and attendance at reli- six years will earn them release from the settle- gious classes is voluntary. In the Sholapur set- ment. Another six years on probation makes tlement a pastor and some Bible women are em- them free men once more. Much of the routine ployed in evangelistic work, assisted by the vol- work of the trained staff in each settlement is con- untary service of many Christian members of the nected with the finding of suitable employment staff. With over 4,000 people in the settlement for settlers. They are released during the day- and free colonies there is scope for all their efforts.

light hours to work within a radius of five miles. Fear is the religion of many settlers – fear of The second duty of the staff is to see that all are horrid goblins that fill the night with terrors; fear in the settlement at night. of the evil eye; fear of disease; fear of death.

After a few years of work, the Government de- There is no knowledge of the loving heavenly Fa- cided that if suitable private agencies would vol- ther for the love of God and love for fellowmen unteer to supervise the settlements they might be are new ideas that sink in very slowly.

handed over to them. "A voluntary agency is Since 1917 the Gospel of Christ has been con- actuated by a spirit of zeal and earnestness and stantly preached among the settlers at Sholapur.

by an undoubted religious fervor that cannot be· The usual policy has been to wait until a man has expected in a government department. Its per- been released to a free colony before he is bap- sonnel would not be subject to constant change as tized. This prevents any from asking baptism is the case of a government agency and would from unworthy motives. Character is the only therefore be able to keep in very close association thing that counts towards release from the settle- with the criminal tribes and work up a connection, ment. There have not been a large number of that would be a very great factor for success in converts through the years but the number is their regeneration." growing and they have continued to grow in grace.

In some provinces much of this work has been It has been an uphill road all the way.

undertaken by the Salvation Army. In 1917 the For many years one of the lady workers in the .growing settlement at Sholapur was handed over settlement, Miss E. C. Hoxie, has dreamed of a

A ROBBER'S CHURCH IN INDIA

suitable building where these souls won out of tain many former criminals who are now teachdarkness can worship the true God. She talked ing Sunday school classes, holding office in the of this plan while on furlough and she prayed church, preaching the Gospel! fervently. Some American friends gave money in memory of the Rev. L. H. Gates who lived and The work has not been easy. Social and family boycott have usually resulted from conversion. To have one's own bread thrown to one by an enraged wife, and to be told not to enter one's own door has been the experience of many. Their employ- ers, usually Hindu, have not been sympathetic and have insisted on Sunday work with loss of em- ployment as an alternative. They are not rice Christians. The missions are not feeding them, THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH worked long in Sholapur and altogether about – …… $5,000 were contributed. The settlement school children also brought their coppers and gifts in ~~ _.<", …: – "-I _P ~~ " … kind, to help in the building of God's House. The women's sewing class and the other converts took a .. – """.' ,. . . . . . . '"yo ,.. keen interest in the matter and the Christian staff gave a portion of their tithe for the building. A INTERIOR OF THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH Bombay architect submitted plans for a house of worship especially designed for India, to cost and many have gone hungry rather than deny Rs 16,000 (about $5,000), and the building was Christ. Carpenters, tailors, masons, clerks, teachopened on February 5, 1933. It is capable of seat- ers, are among the converts. One young man has ing 350 on the floor. taken a Bible School Training course and is now preaching the Gospel to his former caste people At the dedication service the writer was privi- and to the villagers around. These twice-born leged to conduct the first communion service in the men have become new creatures and are living new building and a goodly group of converts was new lives in Jesus Christ. present. At first this building was used only as the settlement chapel, and it has satisfied our spirit of reverence and our desire for quiet and beauty for worship. Plans for the recognition of this group as a church under the United Church of Northern India were consummated on September 10, 1933. The foundation members of the new church number 50, half of them being former criminals. J. R. Sathe, who had worked for many years among these people, was installed as pastor. It was the realization of a dream. The following Sunday fifteen more members were received into fellowship. These ex-criminals and their grownup children exhibit anew the power of the Gospel. Broken earthenware made over by Christ Jesus. Caste and fear are dethroned and Christ is enthroned in their lives. Those dug from a pit, centuries deep, are now rejoicing in free salvation.

The churches at Baramati and Hubli also con-

THE MARQUIS OF LOTHIAN ON THE CHRISTIAN COLLEGES OF INDIA Lord Lothian is a member of the Parliamentary Select Committee to submit to the British Parliament the draft of India's new Constitution. He is a former Undersecretary for India and was Chairman of the Indian Franchise Commission. As Sir Philip Kerr, he was the Pri- vate Secretary to Mr. Lloyd George when Prime Minister. Lord Lothian recently visited the United States in the interests of the Rhodes Trust of which he is the Secretary. He is a great friend of the India Christian colleges, on whose behalf he has been recently very active in Great Britain. At a luncheon in New York, in the interest of Christian colleges in India, the Marquis of Lothian said: .

"In this situation (Le., of internal disunity in India); is there any force comparable to that which can be exercised by the Indian Christian colleges for bridging these interior gulfs and for producing the kind of leader who can lead India toward both unity and freedom in the terrific experiment which is being launched today?

"When I studied the positions occupied by the gradu~tes of the India:Christian colleges in India today, I said, these rejuvenated colleges may be the (me saving factor in the situation.

I believe that in the first responsible ministry in the Province of Madras an the Indian min- isters were products of the Madras Christian College. The total number of students in these Christian colleges is about 14,000. Of that number about 2,000 are Christian, while the majority of students are Moslem or Hindu. The standing of the Christian colleges is high among the Hindus and Moslems because they are able to give the kind of education to their children that they want. There is something about the Christian spirit which they want and which they do not find in the government institutions.

"The central characteristic of modern education in India, as elsewhere, is that it breaks down the ancient religious loyalties and the ancient moral and social customs. Large numbers of the young generation are dr=ifting without any moral foundation for their lives. One of the main reasons why these Hindu: and Moslem parents send their children to Christian colleges is because they feel that some moral foundation is given them that they do not get elsewhere.

"The spirit of Christ shining through tllOse institutions can transform much of young India, and so produce leaders who are immune to or who can surmount the communal feeling, and the appeal to noncooperation and violence, and so act as political cement and give heal- ing wisdom in the difficult days that lie ahead.

"The work that c'an be done by the Indian Christian colleges is not only of value to India but of supreme value to the world. If the Indian experiment fails, if cooperation between Great Britain and India, during the next ten or fifteen difficult years, breaks down, whether through the inability of the BritiS'li"to move fast enough, to put themselves into the shoes of another nation, or whether through the inability of India to settle down to the practical work- ing of the constitution-the result will be further chaos for the world. We cannot afford to see another great section of the human race going into the sort of revolutionary disorder we have witnessed during the last twelve or fifteen years in many parts of the world.

"I feel very deeply that the Indian Christian colleges have an immensely important work to do. They are specially important in the case of women. There has been no more remark- able recent event in India than the development of the women's movement. I can without hesitation say that some of our most active, persistent, and competent witnesses were Indian women. The Christian colleges are training a large proportion of women students in India.

"The Lindsay Commission report gives a new and inspiring picture of the function of missionary education in India. It seeks to bring the students into much greater and closer touch with the real life of India, especially village life. It sets out to strengthen not only the technical equipment but the religious and Christian spirit in the colleges themselves. The Indian Christian colleges are not only doing a work for India, but even more for the whole of humanity."

and Encouragements at

As Seen by Home Mission Executives THE following are interesting answers to two questions sent to home mission executives to obtain their views as to the situation at the beginning of the New Year. The questions were as follows: 1. As you see it, what are some special present-day problems that we face in the Home Mission enterprise? Such problems may relate to finance, changes in policy, difficulties in the field or in the home church.

2. What are some of the encouragements that you note in the home church and in the field?

Such encouragements may relate to improvement in finances, to increase in interest in the home church, to the attitude of the young people, or they may appear in reports from the field as to the progress and outlook. EDITOR.

PRESENT PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS too great. The principal condition required for cooperation is understanding. This will go far to E. GRAHAM WILSON prevent waste and duplication, will correct mis- Executive Secretary, Board of National Missions, takes already made and insure united effort when Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. needed. Most of the religious bodies have agreed The home missionary work in America is fac- to this in theory but when an attempt is made to ing today some serious problems. Among them apply it to normal rather than exceptional situa- are the following: tions, strain is produced. How to obtain effectual 1. The incomes of all Home Mission Boards cooperation is the outstanding problem and is es- have been drastically reduced. This has necessi- sential for "comity." tated the cutting of salaries in many cases below 2. The great multitude of the unchurched prethe subsistence level. Appropriations for schools sent a challenge to the churches. There are large and hospitals have been reduced to a point where groups of foreign-speaking folk who have lost it has not been possible to maintain standards their affection for the church of their fathers and which should prevail. Repairs on Board-owned are wandering unshepherded and without any re- property have necessarily been neglected. l'igious connections. For instance, the evangelical 2. Practically no new work has been opened up bodies, as a rule, have ignored their obligation to during the past few years. The financial condi- share their knowledge and experience with Christ tion has made it impossible to respond to the many with the Jewish people. Industrial workers often urgent calls for service, some of which have a have a deep longing to help make this a better strategic bearing on the future of the whole home world but they have no appreciation of that more missionary task. abundant Life which Jesus Christ promised-not 3. Much remains to be done in the field of com- the abundant life of the economist but the larger Life of the Spirit. Even though we do not all ity. While something has been accomplished, in agree on the means to be used, the duty of min- some sections of the country there is still over- istering to these and other groups is so manifest lapp.ingt·of churPches and. cobm·petitiond bebtwte·en tdhe- that our neglect is a rebuke. n~mma IOns. rogre~s IS. ell~g m~ e, u.m e 3. The desperate conditions in rural areas in mmds of some ~enommatIOnahsm IS more Impor- 'America is reflected in the life of the rural tant than the Kmgdom of God. churches. Their pastors . are facing a terrific FRANK A. SMITH strain in their personal problems and. in their ministry. Two great needs are: first.· a leader- Secretary of Missions in the United States," American Baptist ship that has sufficient support to give the men a Home Mission Society sense of permanence, and second, vision andjn- spiration for the larger parish and for the smaner 1. The magnitude of the home mission problem calls for the united efforts of all Protestant forces. fields. This is one of our major responsibilities. While the differences in doctrine and practice 4. The Home Mission enterprise is affected on must be recognized, the situation demands a every side by social conditions that cannot be united home mission strategy. No church or de- ignored and to which the missionary forces' must nomination is equal to the task singlehanded, and bring a solution. The changing social order can the entire resources of Protestantism are none never accomplish its goal without Christ. In all [ 67]

social problems the basic requirement is spir- 2. Private and public relief, correcting unemitual, for progress that is simply material cannot ployment and lost morale, economic and social malendure. A demonstration of Christian living is adjustments, with their consequent liabilities, deneeded, an exhibit of Christian relations among mand a new appraisal of this phase of our modmen. The church must speak out in matters of ern home missionary task and a clear understandhuman welfare because social justice can never be ing of its relationship to government, state and established by law of man but by the law of God. local relief agencies, in order to increase efficiency as well as to avoid duplication of effort and waste E. D. KOHLSTEDT of resources in an imperative realm of religious responsibility. Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church 3. Racial relationship issues in the United States, more acute than elsewhere, challenge The Christian's constant concern is the totality home missionary service, particularly among of individual and collective life. United States American Negroes who, despite a heritage of history is replete with illustration of enriching servitude and unj ustifiable economic and personal services rendered by preachers and missionaries, discriminations, have recorded the' most amazing pioneers of progress and creators of national chapter in the history of racial progress. The ideals. Today functional frontiers, in underprivi- crime of lynching human beings is a form of lawleged and complex areas of life, confront the lessness that still stains the American Flag, sym- Church of Christ with an intensive task that must bol of democratic freedom and fair play. mean an active, cooperative interest in the current economic and social as well as in the purely per- Dr. Edwin Lewis, of Drew University, mentions sonal issues that determine human and national the following incentive to cultivate a genuine paswelfare. sion for sacrificial service to these and other de- veloping life situations that now challenge the An unwholesome industrial and social system Church of Christ: that breeds economic inequities, ignores unjust racial discriminations, tolerates city slum and If Christ could have His way with men, there would be dumping ground residential areas, barters with no industrial oppression, no hopeless little children, no beer barons and liquor lords for the privilege of cheerless old age, no grinding poverty, no fattening of the physical and moral debauchery, winks at salacious few on the toil of the many, no racial hatreds, no armaliterature and indecent film portraitures of the ments, no false standards of judgment as between man worst features of life, cheapens itself by iniquitous and man. Only as the race can make progress in this divorce laws, cannot escape the concern of an direction can there be any hope of the future, and such aroused Christian conscience. Unj ustifiable ex- progress depends entirely upon whether or not the foltremes between poverty and plenty, starvation and lowers of Jesus Christ are willing to leave the eternal fate surfeit, are an anomoly that has no rightful place of their souls in their Lord's hands while they devote themin the scheme of professedly Christian common- selves to making his spirit operative in the world of today. wealth. Modern Home Missions must be concerned with areas of life that challenge the JAMES S. KITTELL resources of a living faith, vitalized by an experimental knowledge of realities in the realm of re- Secretary, Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church ligion. in America The work of modern home missionaries in new 1. A financial survey reveals certain weakareas of activity is more impersonal and intricate, nesses as to invested funds. There should be a but not less romantic, urgent or significant to the more careful watch set on mortgages as to the welfare of this nation, than that of our pioneer real estate, not only its value but also as to its preachers. Among the causes that now challenge future. There should be regular renewals with the mental and material resources of American amortization insisted upon, a careful search of Home Missions are: court and tax records, especially to watch liens against the properties which have proved very 1. Distinctive social situations, different from embarrassing of late. Bonds and stocks should early American community life. To make the be passed upon by experts and changes made to Gospel of Jesus Christ a reality to polyglot city increase income and security each year. centers; to cement our Americanization process with the concept of universal brotherhood; to en- Budgets should be made on the basis of a threesure an adequate religious ministry to changing year income avoiding sudden expansion during mountain, rural and urban communities; and to one prosperous _year. A program of expansion cultivate a cooperative Christian ministry to man- should cover a number of years, with the most kind, regardless of traditions and prejudices, is a important points kept at the top and taken up task that requires heroic service. only as finances warrant after a due considera- tion of the future carrying charges. No new work should be undertaken because of the de- mands of ecclesiastical organizations, but only in

PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS AT HOME

harmony with sound judgment. The depression tofore. We are not merely camping until some- has proved that the Lord does not take care of thing better comes along; we are here for busi- presumptuous programs of expansion. ness as long as the Lord wants us here."

2. The field today offers many opportunities The Home Mission boards are facing many which should be considered. There is also the serious problems, but they are determined to rise opportunity for reorganization of the field, espe- up and enter the promised land of opportunity cially in the light of changing rural and city con- and service for Christ who is the nation's only ditions. There should be a wise insistence on hope.

mergers and refusal to carryon a work because FRANK A. SMITH of sentiment only. Through the Home Missions 1. There is ground for encouragement in the Council there is a growing cooperation in the general feeling that the reconstruction of life to- matter of unreached fields and classes, which day, both for the individual and for society, needs promises a more effective work over a wider area. all available spiritual resources, and that the 3. As to missionary personnel we must give Church, as one of the fundamental institutions heed to the training of men gifted for and de- concerned, is making a valuable contribution. The sirous of doing special kinds of work. In the splendid service of our home missionaries who past too many have entered the work with only have assumed burdens far beyond what should general ministerial or educational qualifications. rightfully be required and who have labored cheer- There is need for special insight into and desire fully amid discouragement, furnish one of the to do a particular type of work. All our mission- most splendid chapters in church history.

ary schools should be kept to the simplest kind of 2. The growth of the spirit of cooperation is work, with no large budgets and no showy fadist increasing the love and confidence of different de- departments for advertising purposes, such as nominations in each other. The study of the fields handicraft. by home mission leaders, where different denom- SOME ENCOURAGEMENTS inations are at work, has revealed a statesman- ship and purpose to avoid useless and hurtful E. GRAHAM WILSON competition and serious duplications. This atti- There are elements in the Home Mission situa- tude promises a new day in Home Missions. The tion which give ground for encouragement as we number of projects in which various churches pool their resources is increasingly large. The face the new year. 1. The receipts of most Home Mission Boards development will be slow, too slow to suit the are slightly in excess of last year. We believe we more ardent and critical, but it is so firmly estabhave touched bottom in the matter of decrease in li~b.ed that it will have increasing recognition. financial support. While the increase has been 3. The Home Mission enterprise is of such magsmall, there are some substantial increases in the nitude that no single Christian body is equal to giving of churches and individuals. One board it and our combined resources are not commenreports the largest single legacy in its history. surate with the opportunity. Present social, eco- 2. There is increased evidence that the Prot- nomic, and religious conditions demand a redisestant Church believes in the importance and . tribution of resources, workers, and fields, for value of the home missionary enterprise. Not the need of the hour will not be met by each one only is it conscious of the fact that the present seeking to do his best irrespective of others but church is the result of the home missionary work by recognition of the fact that we are workers toof the past, but it also realizes that unless there gether with each other and workers together with is a missionary program in America today there God. will be no Church of tomorrow. The many under- JAMES S. KITIELL privileged peoples of America appeal to our sym- One has to look closely to discern encourage- pathy and arouse us to a realization that for them ments in Home Mission work today but we are not also Christ died. without them.

3. The courage and devotion of our home mis- 1. The depression has brought the work closer sionaries in these difficult days is a great inspira- to the individual church and has led to a keener tion and a source of encouragement. Salaries of sense of responsibility for the work. The next practically all have been drastically cut; responsi- few years should see the pressing of the fact that bilities have been increased; missionaries have the whole enterprise is based on the church.

oftentimes been asked to make "bricks without 2. There is one change in the situation that we straw," but they have carried on without com- must heed in these times and that is the growing plaint. As one wrote to his board : "We are go- tendency of the Federal Government to take over ing to stay on the job even ,if the board should all relief, to establish old age pensions, unemploy- take away all the allowance they have given here- ment insurance, etc. It seems that the money for

this work will be secured from inheritance taxes. velopment of particular fields. Comity will see to This probably means the diminishing of legacies it that there is no overlapping. "Fewer pieces of as well as the directing of generous minded peo- work, and better," will be the ideal. Such fields ple to material relief as over against the spiritual will be built as are our schools and colleges, on a needs of men. broad and permanent base, with a program as wide as the community and as deep as human ERNEST M. HALLIDAY need. They will be controlled as much as pos- General Secretary, Extension Boards of the Congregational and sible by their several constituencies and will aim Christian Churches; PreSidetlt, Home Missions Council at hearty participation and financial support by The Home Mission situation is big with prom- everybody concerned. The boards have no easy ise. It thrills with the spirit of adventure. money to pass out for half-hearted service to Changes are upon us. The old wells of personal moribund churches, but they have funds with commitment and devotion to duty must be redug which to support enterprises which are vital, for- in all our churches. That is an inspiring task for ward-looking and constructive.

the Home Mission Boards. New ways of preach- It may well be, as was recently suggested by a ing, teaching and applying the Gospel are just distinguished and experienced denominational ahead. A generation of young people is ready for leader, that the consolidated school in rural sec- education in self-expression, social outlook, and tions is pointing the way to the consolidated practical helpfulness. Older folk are at a point church. Instead of sending our missionaries where they have time and inclination to be led on around to little groups in separate churches, why explorations into broad, new fields of culture. should we not send the school buses out on Sun- 1. Cooperative planning within the denomina- days to bring the people in – whole families of tionsand between them is eliminating lost motion them- to a well-equipped and manned central and unnecessary expense. This has a good start church plant, worthy to rank with the central but it still has far to go. Specialized training of rural school? Is not the work of the church as home missionaries deserves emphasis. None but important as that of the school?

the strongest should be chosen. It takes as big a 3. Finances? Yes, they offer a problem hard man, perhaps bigger, to do an effective job in an to handle. Income is 41.7% lower than it was in isolated, lonely parish as in a staunch old church 1929. But the downward curve is leveling itself where the general set of the current is in the di- out. It may even start upward after awhile. The rection of religion. He needs to be rugged in main problem is so to readjust our activities that physique, warm of heart, sturdy in mind, deep they will be thoroughly effective in this new day.

and true of soul. Such men, trained for sel1vice If we can do that, financial support will follow.

and ready to serve, will find opportunity in the home missions of tomorrow. Ten Obstacles to Modern Missions The line of development may be envisioned Dr. Julius Richter, Professor-Emeritus of missions in something like this. First of all will come positiye Berlin University, gives ten difficulties which world-wide cooperation between the· various Mission Boards. missions face to-day: By working together at a common task, the field 1. The financial depression which compels a curtailment of each will be broadened, and fraternal appre- of work.

ciation intensified. Why, for example, should not 2. Loss of prestige to Christianity due to brutalities all our boards come to look to the interdenomina- of the World War. tional bureau of architecture of the Home Missions Council for architectural service? Why 3. Un-Christian and anti-Christian science and tech- nique, the fruits of which are sought by non-Christian peoples.

should not Alaska be regarded as a geographical 4. Competition between Roman Catholic and Protestant unit and organized under a cooperative set-up missions as in the Congo. which all could have a part in supporting? Why 5. New advance of Islam—especially in Africa. should we not work together in what we do for 6. Bolshevistic atheistic communism. Indians and Spanish-speaking folk and immi- 7. Nationalism, especially its "anti-foreign" phase. 8. Increasing restrictions placed upon missionary edu- grants as we now do for farm and cannery mi- cation by non-Christian governments. grants? Why may we not jointly employ special- 9. Immoral lives of many representatives of white rulists in city and rural work who, divorced from administrative responsibilities, will serve all the ing classes at home and abroad. 10. Institutionalism, which absorbs so many people amt so much money and often hampers aggressive evangelism.

boards as expert counsellors? Why should not A mission study program might be built effectively all missionary organizations join forces in the around these points. Were any of them characteristic of first-century missions? Which are a rebuke to our lives, support of "preaching missions" for all the . our methods, our wrong zeal, our improper standards of churches? judgment? What is the true goal of missions?-The Mos- 2. There will be intensified denominational de- lem WO'rld.

Among Italians in

By REV. A. DI DOMENICA, Philadelphia Pastor 01 the Italian Baptist 'Church W HEN Paul wrote his Epistle to the Jewish- a metamorphosis: instead of being the means of Christians of Rome, speaking in general Christianizing the heathens she became heathen- terms of the gentiles as "being filled with ized! Before his "conversion" the Emperor of all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, cov- Rome had been the Pontifex Maximus of the etousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, heathen religion; when he accepted Christianity debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, backbiters, that title was retained, but under the mask of the haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, in- Christian religion!

ventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, When Constantine removed his seat to Byzan- without understanding, cov- thium and the bishop of Rome enant breakers, without natural was left behind, the Church be- affection, implacable, unmerci- The pre sen t condition gan to lose sight of the altar for ful" (Romans 1: 29-31), he among the four and one half the throne, and the cross for purposely or incidentally al- million Italians in the United the sword! As the Church luded to the moral and spiritual States is described by one of began to a c qui r e political condition of the Italian people their own number as being strength, she lost spiritual as they were chief among the Hmoral and religious chaos." power. In proportion that she gentiles of the world. How- Nominally most of them are enriched herself in secular and ever, when these Italians ac- Catholics; in reality they material things, she impover- cepted Christianity, they be- are materialists. There is, ished herself in spiritual attaincame the light of the world, de- however, a Hsaving remnant" ments. This was illustrated by fying persecution and death for composed of some 25,000 Savonarola w hen he said: the sake of their Master. The aerveanggaethliecraeld iCnh2r4is0tiParnosteswtahnot "There was a time when the churches. The Spirit of God Colosseum in Rome and the is moving in this Hchaos" and Church had wooden cups and catacombs are living monu- golden clergy; but now she has ments of their faith and Chris- is bringing l)ew spiritual life golden cups and woo den tian fortitude. clergy." The same thing was and activity. There is reason observed by Thomas of Aquinas The Christians of Rome were to thank God and take cour~ examples of holiness in the time age, but the solution presents when one day the Pope, who of the sojourn of Paul in Rome. a challenge to the Church of was boasting of the wealth of Writing to the Philippians he Christ in America. the Church, said: "Thomas, speaks of them in high terms: the Church cannot say now: "All the saints salute you, 'silver and gold have I none!' "

chiefly they that are of Cresar's household" (Phi- Aquinas retorted: "Neither can she say: 'Arise lippians 4: 22) . and walk.''' Aquinas knew that the Church had This characteristic which signalized in such a lost her spiritual fiber because of her earthly am- conspicious way the faith of the Christians of bitions.

Rome was handed down from one generation to In proportion as the Church adopted heathen another until the time of Constantine when the practices and beliefs, the Italians became less and Christian religion became a State Religion. We less Christian in their religious thinking and life.

all know the change that took place in the Church They have absolutely no sense of the tragedy of of Jesus Christ from that time on. If in the past sin and the impelling necessity of the new birth the Church had insisted on the new birth as con- as the foundation for a genuine Christian experi- dition for membership, now it begins to receive ence. They have no conception of this funda- into its bosom unregenerated persons. The State mental principle of the Christian religion. It is even compelled soldiers to accept baptism without true that the same catastrophic situation is being conversion and in course of time the Church experienced even among the so-called Christians adopted many heathen practices to satisfy the of Protestant faith and heritage, yet it is more taste of the newcomers. The Church experienced evident among Roman Catholics.

[71 ]

Since the Roman Church adopted so many and when he found little response on the part of heathen doctrines and practices, the religion of the Roman clergy and people, he said: "The the Italians centered itself in outward formalities; Christian conscience is more than half destroyed, devoid of spiritual value. When one goes to Italy and it is only through divine mercy that any por- or visits Italian communities in our large cities in tion remains."

America, and sees the various celebrations in When the Italians immigrated to America they honor of Italian patron saints and madonnas he carried with them their religious heritage mixed is apt erroneously to consider the Italians very de- with superstition, irreligion, indifference and a vout and religious. Christian conscience "more than half destroyed."

When Paul visited Athens "his spirit was On top of this we must add another painful situa- stirred in him when he saw the city wholly given tion little apprehended by our American friends.

to idolatry" (Acts 17: 16), and he did not hesitate Italians did not leave the old world for religious to tell his hearers at Mars' Hill that they were motives as did the Pilgrim fathers. The sons of "extremely religious" with a religion that satis- Italy crossed the ocean for purely economic rea- fied the priests but not the burning soul of Paul. sons and in years gone by we have heard them The same thing can be seen today in Italy and in say: "We did not come to America to bother about Italian communities in America. religion; we came here to make money. When we The Rev. Dr. J. H. Eager, for a number of years go back to Italy, then we'll go to church."

a Baptist missionary in Italy, in his book "Roman- While the Italian immigrants came to America ism in Its Home," quotes Prof. Raffaele Mariano, with the intention of going back to Italy as soon of the University of Naples, who in an address on as their economic situation would warrant it, they "Religious Thought in Italy" said: became attached to American life and decided to establish themselves here permanently. Their With the sacraments reduced to mechanical acts, with marvelous advance in the social, educational and purgatory and pecuniary offerings to free from it, with economic life has astonished every observer and festivals, indulgences, jubilees, pilgrimages, relics, mir- student of the New Americans. But they have acles, adoration of saints and madonnas, Romanism has inoculated in the Christian religion the forms of magical and idolatrous naturalism…… And the worst of all is not been immune from the influence of atheistic that Romanism makes the sacerdotal hierarchy the only propaganda. Agitators are found everywhere and indispensable mediator of the religious and moral life. from the Atlantic to the Pacific, sowing tares of The atonement, repentance, absolution of sin, the efficacy doubts and unbelief among the people of the of the Christ and His benefit, everything centers itself in a monopoly of the hierarchy. From all this we must con- middle class. If this propaganda has not made clude that Romanism is the very opposite of that duty many full-fledged atheists, it has succeeded in which distinguishes the human soul…… This religion may have had its days of glory and usefulness, but it has causing many to drift farther and farther away now become a pure formalism. It has no power over the from any religious influence.

morals of the people; it does not attract or educate or With a background such as Prof. Mariano, edify the masses, but simply holds them under its sway by Father Curci and many others have described, and force of habit, by inert traditionalism, and its ultimate adding to it the condition of the American life as result can only be ignorant credulity in the midst of we have endeavored to portray, the religious life ignorant incredulity. of the Italians in America is far worse than that And yet we must not be too severe on this miserable re- ligious conscience of the Italian people, for when did the of their brethren in Italy. In the midst of this leading classes take the trouble of illuminating and rais- crude reality which describes in contradictory ing it up? It pains me to have to confess it: the religious terms the irreligiosity of the Italians, their supercondition of the upper classes in Italy is much more trou- stition, idolatry and semi-atheism, they would inbled than that of the common people. With a few honor- variably call themselves Roman Catholics should able exceptions, they present to us a large army of minds whose existence is a perpetual moral somnolence; unable they be asked about their religious affiliation. to believe, they have not enough moral strength to dis-·- believe anything seriously. They are Catholics for social When you talk to them about the doctrines of the convenience and opportunism. They boast that they have Roman Church such as the auricular confession, minds strong and free; but whilst they attack religion, purgatory, indulgences, mass, litanies, etc., they they send their children to Jesuit schools. They have no say: "I don't believe in these things, but I was convictions, and laugh at everything; but you see them born a Catholic and I shall die a Catholic …… I on every occasion ordering masses and priestly funerals. don't care to attend the church and support it They desire the priest, but in the solemn moments of life financially, but -I am a Catholic, and I am proud . they throw themselves, body and soul, into the arms of the of it." clergy….. .

Prof. Mariano was not a Protestant, but as a Prof. Archibald McClure, of the University of student and observer of the religious life of the Chicago, in his book "Leadership of the New Italians he was honest enough to say the truth. America," says: Father Curci, a great scholar, had a great de- The startling assertion has been frequently made this sire to translate and publish the New Testament, past winter that 90 per cent of the Italians are without

CONDITIONS AMONG ITALIANS IN AMERICA

the sway of the Roman Catholic Church. Though they priest as being parasite, gnawing worm, bag of coal, selmay still go to church to be baptized, married and buried, fish, and author and bearer of misfortunes . . . this is their sole connection with it. Even this is a matter of social custom rather than conviction. A leading Italian All that is being said by the people in Italy against the priest in New York admitted that at least 50 per cent of hated priest, their most foolish accusations, their most the Italians were without the church, except for baptism, infamous malignity, are repeated in America by the Italmarriage and burial-and that although some 3,000 at- ian people. Very often they salute the priest when he is tended Sunday services in his church on the lower East in front of them, but to his back they say uncomplimen- Side, there were as many more in that neighborhood who tary things against him . . . While we see the Amerdid not do so. . . . .. A father of a very prominent Italian icans, both Protestant and Catholic, respecting their lawyer of New Jersey has been here forty-two years and priests and devoted to their churches, the Italians speak never been in the church; another Italian notary public disparagingly of their priests, saying: "Let them go to in West Virginia, though here fourteen years, never goes work" . . . "I don't intend to support them" . . . "They to the church-just two instances of religious indifference repeat the same thing." . . . . "I . . . go to church?" which might be multipled by the hundreds and the thou- Hence we see that not even five per cent of the Italians sands." attend church.

One Sunday morning I preached on "The Re- This statement is by an Italian priest who ligious Indifference of Galio," one of the twelve knows the religious condition of his people. The Italians mentioned in the New Testament (Acts religious condition of the Italian Catholics in 18: 12-17). I deplored the religious indifference America has not changed for the better during the of our modern Italians who generally go to church past twelve years. The situation of the second on three occasions of their life: christening, mar- and third generations is very perplexing and of riage and burial. At the close of the service a great concern to those who are interested in their young man approached me and said: "Pastor, I welfare. These American-born seem to have given want to thank you for your sermon but I don't up the good traits which their parents imported agree with you when you said that the Italians from Italy, and to have retained the bad ones, go to church on three occasions in their life. In and on the top of this they have absorbed the fact, when they are christened and buried, they worst customs of the American life. The combiare carried there; so they go only once by their nation is not an easy matter with which to deal. own free-wilL" May God inspire and lead us in handling this disturbing situation. Speaking with an intelligent Italian business man on religious matters, and learning that he Now if this is the picture of the religious status did not believe· in the most important doctrines of the Italians in America, what are we going to of Catholicism and did not support his Church in do about it? Shall we imitate the priest and the any way, I pointed out to him that he could not levite of the parable and "pass by on the other be a good Catholic if he rejected practically all si~' or shall we follow the example of the Good her doctrines and dogmas. He answered: Samaritan who proved to be a real neighbor?

"Reverend, when you go to a banquet you don't It is to be regretted that in America there is a eat everything they put before you, but you sim- tendency on the part of some people who say that ply take what you like. So I do with my religious Protestant has no right to disturb the faith of food." "My dear man," I replied, "judging from these Italians and to try to convert them. But what you said you believe, it seems to me, that do they have any real faith to be disturbed? Their you don't take any food at all from your Catholic own priests acknowledge that they have none. banquet; if you don't change cook and dining The objections come from "broad minded" minroom you will soon be starving to death!" isters who have influenced not a few of our Prot- estant pulpits, men who believe that all religions He laughed and said: "Well, what's the differ- are of equal moral value. If all roads lead to ence; religion to me is a secondary matter. I Rome, all roads do not lead to Heaven. There never bother about it. I am a Catholic …… and was no compromise on the part of Jesus Christ this is enough for me." concerning the way of salvation. He did not hesi- tate to disturb the Jews and to tell them they The Rev. P. Pambianco, a priest of an Italian must be converted. Catholic Church of Philadelphia, published an article in L'Opinione, a daily Italian paper of the If Protestantism has no mission in the world same city, on July 20, 1922, in which he says: today then the Reformation of the 16th century was a colossal mistake. But if Protestantism has Our colonies have no consideration for the Italian Cath- a work to do, let us not hesitate to disturb the olic clergy. They still have ferocious prejudices against faith of the Italians and with renewed faith, in the clergy as though the priests were one of the causes Jesus Christ, and with enthusiasm and consecrafor the propaganda which is being waged against the tion let us go forward in preaching the Gospel to Italians who are looked down upon in America . . . the people "who recently came from Italy" (Acts The Italian people have been influenced against the clergy 18: 2). by the well known ring-leaders who have instilled in the people's mind the most foolish prejudices, hatreds, scorns, sarcasms and defamations. Hence utterances against the

Success of Missionary

By ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON, _.•<tff{ New Haven, Connecticut Department of Social Sciences, Yale University TAKEN as a whole, missionary children ap- in "making themselves useful and valuable mem- pear to be of unusually high character and to bers of society" and in thus becoming "men whose achieve unusual success. This fact was for- achievements render the world a better place in cibly brought out by Dr. Robert E. Speer in an which to live." The method at Harvard was more address at the annual meeting of the American personal, but otherwise was essentially the same.

Eugenics Society in May, 1934. In that address The number of missionaries was small (six at Dr. Speer emphasized the value of the fine train- Yale and two at Harvard), but it is worth noting ing received by missionary children. Another that all of these eight were ranked high, and their factor, however, is likewise important, namely average was notably higher than that of graduates their biological inheritance. From birth onward in any other profession. This rating is confirmed no two individuals are absolutely alike in either by other facts. Dr. Speer, for example, states appearance, intellect, or temperament. "Identi- that thirty-six missionaries from the Presbyterian cal" twins, springing from a single egg, are al- Board alone have been decorated by foreign gov- most exactly alike until diverse environments ernments. Who's Who in America for 1926-27 cause them to differ, but other pairs of brothers contains forty-seven sketches of missionaries and and sisters, even ordinary twins, differ greatly about twenty-seven times as many of clergymen physically, and the mental differences are even who are not missionaries. This means that, in more noticeable. Innumerable experiments make proportion to their numbers, the missionaries are it clear that no known method of training can con- fully as likely to be included in Who's Who as are vert a congenital moron into a genius. On the the clergymen who stay at home. This is in spite other hand, a person born with a fine intellect can of the fact that the missionaries are buried far be trained in many directions. Environment hiay away in foreign countries where there is little turn him into a skillful criminal or a spiritual opportunity for their deeds to become widely leader; but in either role he will excel because of known among Americans. Hence it appears that inborn ability. The unusual success of missionary missionaries as a whole achieve a much higher children apparently is due to the fact that they degree of what is commonly called success than possess unusual innate ability, and therefore can do the clergymen who stay at home.

profit from excellent training. Turning now to the children of missionaries, the But what evidence have we as to the success of three Yale classes studied included six sons of missionary children? In contradiction to the old missionaries, all of whom are engaged in non- sayings as to the black sheep among ministers' missionary professions. These, as well as the sons and deacon's daughters, Dr. Speer has col- actual missionaries, were ranked phenomenally lected many forceful opinions which indicate very high by their classmates, averaging well above the high ability, character and success. While there sons of graduates in any other profession.

is not much statistical evidence to uphold this In another investigation the college careers of favorable opinion, such evidence as we have indi- Yale classes graduating from 1922 to 1926 were cates that missionaries are as a rule highly suc- examined. The members of these classes were cessful and that their children follow in their ranked according to their official records as to steps. A few years ago, Dr. John C. Phillips and scholarship, athletic activity, other extra-cur- the writer cooperated in a study of the success of ricular activities, and earnings. The eighteen college graduates and the relation of success to young men who -were sons of missionaries out- the size of families. He took three classes at ranked the sons of every other profession. Un- Harvard who had been out of college 25 or 30 fortunately it is impossible to pick out all the chil- years, and I took three similar classes at Yale. dren of missionaries in "Who's Who," but some In the case of the Yale graduates, from five to can be identified and the number of sons of mis- nine men in each class graded their classmates on sionaries appears to be out of all proportion to the a scale of one to five according to their success actual number of missionaries. For example, [74 ] among the seventy-one missionaries listed in the sionaries, as in no other profession, the same rig- 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," at least thirteen, orous selective processes apply to both fathers and including all three of the missionary women in mothers. Selection on both sides of the family the book, are children of missionaries. But among seems to be one of the great secrets of the success missionary children it is not probable that more of missionaries' children. than one in ten or twenty return to the foreign All this means not only that the missionary child field. Even if one in ten go back, missionary chil- is very carefully trained, but that the biological dren are nearly twice as likely to be included in material to which the training is applied is of "Who's Who" as are the children of clergymen in high quality. One member of the great J. P. Morgeneral. Further exact data on this subject are gan banking firm, for example, is the son of a greatly needed, but enough has been said to show missionary, while many others are in equally inthat wherever we have yet been able to test the fluential positions. It is natural for religious matter, the children of missionaries on an average leaders and educators to believe that training is show unusual ability and achieve notable success. the main reason for high character and success.

Let us consider now the reasons for this suc- The world has long believed that if children could cess. Undoubtedly one is the good training which be properly trained in every respect, many of our the children of missionaries receive in their early troubles would end. It seems to be scientifically years. Another and equally important reason is demonstrable, however, that unless we have able that such children are usually endowed with a fine leaders no such training is possible, and the rank biological inheritance. Their parents are selected and file will not make progress. It seems equally very rigorously. The Builders of America, writ- certain that able leaders are born as well as made. ten by Mr. Leon F. Whitney and the present au- Even though our present knowledge of human inthor, calls attention to the fact that the mission- heritance is very imperfect, it is clear that higharies of practically all the more intellectual de- grade parents tend to produce children of high nominations must be well educated, which means grade. In individual cases the children of the that they must have good minds to start with. fine parents may turn out poorly, because every Next they must be deeply religious. Third, they one carries a highly mixed inheritance. Weare must be so altruistic that they are willing to make genuine mongrels because thus far there has been great sacrifices. Fourth, they must have the no satisfactory eugenic program. Nevertheless, pioneering spirit, or the spirit of adventure which repeated investigations demonstrate that if a thoumakes them eager to go to one of the remote parts sand children of high-grade parents are compared of the earth. A fifth type of selection arises from with a thousand children of low-grade parents the the necessity for moral courage, and for the kind forwer type will have a decided advantage. Thereof strength that resists the attractions of life in for'e it is highly desirable that there be relatively America with all its opportunities for fame, large families among missionaries, among whom wealth, and pleasure. The majority of mission- both parents have been chosen through a process aries must be willing to resign themselves to life of strenuous selection. Today among the missionin some lonely corner where no one but God knows aries listed in the 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," much about their struggles and their successes. the average number of children born in completed Physical as well as moral courage is a sixth qual- families amounts to 3.48 whereas it was 3.71 ten ity which acts as a selective factor. One who is years earlier. The corresponding figures among physically timid, or at least who yields to physical clergymen in America are 3.21 and 3.29, while timidity, rarely goes to a mission field. It takes among all the men in "Who's Who" it was 2.80 the finest kind of courage to proceed quietly with in 1922-23 and among artists only 2.20. The famone's work when a Boxer uprising or the fierce ilies of missionaries have declined appreciably anger of savages endanger one's life. Still an- during the last decade while those of the clergy at other factor in the selection is the fact that only home have changed only a little. Nevertheless, people of good health and sound constitution are the missionary families still remain slightly accepted for the mission field and later ill health larger than the others, and both clergymen and of any member of the family may cause their re- missionaries have more children than are born in turn home. Thus missionaries are selected be- the less altruistic professions. Those who because of intellectual ability, religious earnestness, lieve in the value of religious training, as well as altruism, the spirit of adventure, moral courage, of heredity, see in this a good sign. The world physical courage and good health. But the most has no greater need than that of high-grade chilimportant point of all is that among foreign mis- dren in high-grade homes.

of the Unchurched

By J. CAMPBELL WHITE, LL.D., New York Minister of the Community Center and Training School, West 44th Street United Presbyterian Church p: OFFICIAL resolution, passed at the recent get this truth across to all the children and youth National Convention of the Protestant of the nation by every possible method of ap- Episcopal Church, reads in part: proach? This is the truth and is tremendously "Whereas, millions of unchurched children in worth saying, and as soon as the churches can say this country constitute a major responsibility and it and mean it, a vast change will begin to take an unrivalled missionary opportunity for the place throughout America. Church." It is futile to try to reach all these millions of The resolutions called upon all the bishops, children and youth by anyone method, however clergy and churches "to make every effort to valuable. Doubtless, a genuine awakening of the reach these children through our church schools churches would lead to a great expansion of Sunand other agencies for Christian education." Sim- day school work and to a vast improvement in ilar action was taken by the New York and Kan- its general quality. But many millions of these sas Synods of the United Presbyterian Church and by the United Lutheran Church of America in youth will need to be reached by other methods. their biennial convention. These official actions, One thoughtful man, writing on the subject, says: taken during October of this year, make it clear that there is a real and widespread stirring of "We need practically a new profession created, of conviction on this question of evangelizing the persons who specialize on finding contact with a children and youth of America. The question group of these young people and leading them into was under prayerful discussion as to the need for the knowledge and experience of the truth as it is in Christ." What a chance for a training school for leaders of youth that would be competent to develop such "a new profession" !

a national agency to promote Christian effort For younger children one of the great fields to among unchurched children and youth. be expanded is Bible teaching of public school It is clear that only a powerful, sustained, na- children on released time. In Chattanooga, for tionwide effort can enlist and guide our churches the past twelve years, a committee representing in reaching double the number of children and youth than they are now reaching. No one church all the Protestant churches has selected and emcan solve this problem. It will tax the resources ployed Bible teachers in the public schools. Last of all of our Protestant churches working coop- year 8,758 pupils were taught in 32 different eratively. But by concerted and determined and schools of the city. Their report states that "many divinely guided action on the part of all Christian children have been won to Christ and church memforces it is possible to bring about a radical bership through the Bible classes in the public change in this situation during the next few years. schools. Hundreds of children from homes that Can we not so lay this burden of responsibility are not Christian first learn of Christ in these upon all churches that they shall actually make Christian instruction of youth as general as secu- classes and are led into the Sunday schools." "The lar education? There are thirty-four million chil- children in their Love Offering conducted by the dren of school age (6 to 18) in the United States. Parent-Teachers Association gave $1,243.39 to Only one-half of them are under Christian instruc- the budget, the largest single gift received from tion by either Protestant or Catholic churches. anyone organization." If this can be done in Chattanooga, why can it not be done in 1,000 other cities and towns of America? Millions of children In the meantime, immorality and crime go on might thus be reached with vital Christian inincreasing. Our Attorney General called a con- struction who wf)uld not be reached without this ference on Crime Prevention to meet in Wash- method being used. Have not the Christian ington on December 10th. He says that crime is chu1'ches and Christian parents surrendered ennow costing one billion dollars every month. What tirely too much in failing to provide for biblical can the Christian forces say that is worth saying, education as an essential part of education? An unless it is that Christ alone can cure sin and effective national agency can lead hundreds of crime and that the churches are determined to cities to adopt this plan.

[ 76]

CRITICISMS OF WORK FOR JEWS

The Catholic and Jewish groups in Chattanooga Some constructive ways to help: have been free to provide their own religious instruction for school children electing it, but they 1. Take this need deeply into your heart to pray have never actually supplied it. and work for till the need is actually met. Pray in groups as well as alone. In addition to the above methods, millions of other youth can be reached only by the small group 2. Let your own church leaders and the Intermethod. The right kind of a leader, organizing a denominational Provisional Committee which is club of boys or girls and cultivating them wisely working at this problem know of your interest. for their own development, including the consid- A thousand persons praying and thinking and eration of the deepest problems of life-this plan working together for this object will become irreis probably the chief practical one in the case of sistible. Why not be one of that group? (Please multitudes of youth not reachable by other meth- send your name to the writer at 432 West 44th ods. Almost no youth are beyond reach by this Street, New York City.) method-if the leader is both competent and consecrated. The enlistment and training of an army 3. The strong national agency needed to get of such leaders is a matter of first importance. such a program into operation and carry it for- It is a bigger and more important job than is now ward will require substantial financing. Pray for being done by any university in existence. Who the funds needed and do whatever else you are will provide an adequate training school for pro- moved by the Spirit of God to do to get this parducing reliable guides of youth? Could anything ticular problem solved. conceivable have a larger place in building the new nation and the new world that must be the 4. Tackle where you are the job of reaching desire of all who have been touched by the Spirit unchurched children. If you can get into contact of the Good Shepherd? with even half a dozen of them, it may mean their transformation, to say nothing of what it may mean to you of added joy in living.

Criticisms of Work for Jews By REV. PAUL I. MORENTZ, Philadelphia, Pa. Missionary of the Luthera11 Miss.ion to the I ews • CRITICISM, both by Hebrews and Christians In searching the Scriptures, one cannot find a single trace in regard to what is called "proselytizing" of Judaism being reserved, as it were, for the children of among the Jews, is based on erroneous con- Jacob, or anything that could be construed as being adceptions as to what the Gospel is and what con- verse to bringing other nations within its fold…. It is stitutes Christian mission work among Jews. quite natural that the Jews, while their own lives were threatened by persecution, and when the conversion of a Hebrew Critics Gentile might have brought dire punishment on the whole community, should have refrained from carrying on reli- Who are the Hebrews who criticise Christian gious p~opaganda. Not so, however, in olden times, and mission work among the Jews? Are they Ortho- under cIrcumstances favorable to Jewish missionary activdox Jews who sincerely believe in the Old Testa- ity…. We find at the very beginning of our history the ment Scriptures, in the mission of Israel and in promise given to Abraham that "all the nations of the the coming of the Messiah? earth shall be blessed in thee." His descendants were to be means of spreading this divine blessing among all the In my library is a collection of essays under the nations of the world…. The messages sent by the prophtitle: "The Jewish Library," edited by Rabbi Leo ets, were they not apostolic epistles from those who propa- Jung. Among those essays is one on "The Spread gated the Word of God and the fear of Him to the heathen of Judaism Through the Ages," by the Rev. nations and kings? Haham Moses Gaster, Ph.D., London, England, who says: This much from a very prominent representa- tive of orthodox Jewry. Among the many fallacies affecting the Jews and Judaism, there is none which is so generally accepted and so How about Reformed Judaism which rejects the deeply rooted as that which declares Judaism to be a mere coming of a personal Messiah but which speaks tribal religion, and to have neither the wide outlook nor in most emphatic terms of "the mission of Israel" the ideal expectation of becoming a world religion. . . . (whatever they may mean by that)? In my li- brary is another book called "The Unknown Sanc-

tuary," by Aime Palliere, a French Catholic con- the world for Judaism." (From the Chicago Jew- vert to Judaism, who some years ago toured ish Sentinel of January 23, 1931.) America as a guest lecturer invited by the well- Let Us Carry On known Rabbi Stephen S. Wise. A Foreword to this book, written by Edmond Fleg, a prominent How can we carry on mission work among the representative of Liberal Judaism in France, has Jews? I could not tell you if I would and I would this to say: not tell you if I could. Who am I to tell others how they should win a single soul to Christ, to Reversing the route by which Catholicism had developed say nothing of how to win a nation to Christ? No from primitive Christianity, and primitive Christianity method is right that is not in strict accord with from Judaism, he [Aime Palliere] became step by step the the spirit and teaching of Jesus Christ. Any spiritual contemporary of those great Romans, who, at the method is right that is in strict accord with the time of the coming of Christ, were the proselytes of Israel.

. Almost unconsciously he realized that he had ceased to be spirit of Jesus Christ. My personal method is to a Christian and that he had been conquered by Judaism. seek to educate Jew and Christian. The Christian In this inevitable return journey the new convert seems as must learn what the Jew has and what he does not yet a solitary pilgrim-but this may only seem to be so. have; when we learn that then we must be will- … At last there seems to be a sign that this age-old hope may be realized amid the diverse faiths of the world. ing to give the Jew what he needs – the Gospel, Might not one say that the ancient Messianism of Israel, Jesus himself, and above all, His love. In a counwhich is become the religion of Palliere, is on the way to try like America, where the Gospel has free becoming the religion of humanity? course and where Jews and Christians are in con- Christian Critics stant touch with each other, the Christian should Who are the Christians who criticise mission not leave the work of spreading the Gospel among the Jews to a few converted Jews or professional work among the Jews? Do they accept the Bible, mISSIOnaries. Every church should be a store- Old and New Testament, as the inspired Word of house of Christian knowledge and life for all peo- God? Do they accept Jesus as the Messiah, prom- ple, Jews and Gentiles. Every Christian pastor, ised to Israel and through Israel to the world? indeed every sincere Christian, should be a mis- Do they accept Christianity as a universal reli- sionary to the Jews-not a "proselyter" for his gion that preaches a universal salvation and that particular church or denomination, but a witness answers a universal need? This is the sole basis for Jesus Christ. The Jew must learn that the of mission work among Jews. If the Jew who be- Christian has no other interest except to bring lieves in the Old Testament sees in it a universal Christ to him. Noone wants to force a Jew or mission, is a Christian to see less in his Bible anyone else to be a Christian. No one wants any which has, in addition to Moses and the Prophets, one to give up his race or nationality. No one the New Testament, Jesus and the Apostles? Is wants the Jew to give up anything that is essenthere a single passage in the New Testament that tial to Biblical or national Judaism. All a Chris~ would encourage one to think that the universal tian wants is to enrich the Jew and his religion claim of Christianity excludes the Jew? I heartily by the teachings and life of Jesus Christ, just as recommend to Christians the attitude of men like many thousands of Jews in the past and as many John R. Mott, who is quoted as having said at a thousands of Jews at present are enriched by the meeting of the International Missionary Council: Gospel. When both Jews and Christians learn "Missionary work among the Jews is a duty in that there is no ulterior and unworthy motive spite of all protests." It was refreshing to see back of mission work, that all can only benefit by that when Dr. Mott's remark was termed "ill coming together and contributing to each other, timed" by a Christian (the Rev. Everett R. then criticism will vanish and sincere Jew and Clinchy), a Jewish Rabbi from Chicago, (G. Christian will both be enriched by the Gospel of George Fox), came to Dr. Mott's defense by say- Jesus Christ. ing: "Dr. Mott is simply a good orthodox Chris- tian, who believes with all his might in the words A Missionary's Equipment of his Gospel. And if you turn to Matthew 28: A life yielded to God and controlled by His Spirit.

19-20, you will find what in Christian theology is A restful trust in God for the supply of all needs.

called the 'Great Commission' and which reads: A sympathetic spirit and a willingness to take a lowly 'And Jesus spake: Go ye therefore and teach all place. nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit; teaching Tact in dealing with men and adaptability towards c,ir- cumstances.

Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement.

. them to observe whatsoever I have commanded Love for communion with God and for the study of His . you.' . . . I wish we Jews had the faith and the word. loyalty and the zeal of a Dr. Mott. I wish we could muster men who would be willing to conquer Some experience and blessing in the Lord's work at home. A healthy body and a vigorous mind.

-J. Hudson Taylor.

Ways of

I ! crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I================================~I'~ I OUR MISSIONARY EDUCA- local church. The ultimate objects of for "Coaching Days" held in dis- this endeavor is to sow free literature tricts or zones for the benefit of TION KALEIDOSCOPE throughout the churches, swing the prospective teachers in local mis- congregations into line with mission- sion study groups. "Suzuki As your Department Editor ary education plans, promote reading Looks at Japan" is recommended shifts her interdenominational and mission study classes or circles, this year for all adult groups. kaleidoscope, the brightest mis- cooperate with the pastor in his missionary feature in the home sionary plans, use the church calendar The United Brethren are pubchurch is the annual increase in or bulletin, posters, etc., as means to lishing through their Foreign the number of readers and stu- the main end, hold an annual tea in Mission Society a forty-page dents of home and foreign mis- early autumn to present the new books pamphlet entitled "Our Father's sion literature and the variety and outline plans, make use of insti- Family" in which are thirty-five of devices for making this at- tutes and other interdenominational daily readings for devotional tractive. She has an embarass- study groups and to keep before the periods inclusive of family worment of voluminous contribu- members the special privilege of fur- ship, to familiarize the people tions at hand upon the subject nishing funds for the translation of with affairs in the younger and can give only a few bits literature into other languages. The churches on the overseas fields. from here and there. If your mission study department is furnish- A Scripture reading, a prayer plans for Schools of World ing- the money this year for transla- and a three-quarter page of bio- Friendship are already under- tions into Japanese. "Since every ef- graphical mat t e r concerning way, save these suggestions for fort is worth while, discouragement some missionary character is the the next time. But many of shall not lodge with me," concludes the daily assignment. them are timeless and may be Synodical Secretary of Mission Study. used by program builders as well The American Friends Board as study leaders. A Variety of Plans of Missions holds one-day mis- sionary institutes at which the A leaflet of the Women's Mis- Coaching Conferences are be- morning session is devoted to an sionary Society of the United ing used· by Southe~n' Presby- exhibit of map s, pictures, Lutheran Church says: terian churches to aid mission graphs, data, etc., with speakers study leaders to present their furnishing the interpretations. An imperative obligation to make textbooks in the best possible In the afternoon missionary edudisciples of all men rests upon the way. These gatherings are held cation methods, field problems Church. This obligation cannot be "early enough for the teacher to and "ways and means" discusdischarged without widespread and in- make plans for the class but not sions fill the time. Stereopticon telligent sympathy throughout the too early for her to 'cool off' and pictures are shown in the eve- Church. I believe this can be brought lose enthusiasm." The groups ning. about by systematic missionary edu- are so arranged as to minimize cation. The advantages of a small traveling expenses, delegates be- The Reformed Church in the study class are: (1) Its small size ing further instructed, in some United States majors on miswhich permits expression from each cases, to bring their own lunch- sionary ins t r u c t ion in the member. (2) Its series of meetings eons with the hostfi!sS providing Church School. They don't do in close succession, thus securing the only a hot drink. Some synodi- things by halves. One church cumulative effect of impressions. (3) cals, however, allow a fund in writes that every class in its Its demand for serious study. (4) their budgets to cover confer- school took six weeks of study Its atmosphere of discussion which ence costs. Leaders of vision in the fall and six more in the gives life to the class. The gaining and enthusiasm are chosen. spring, alternating bet wee n of information in a class is not an end in itself but should result in inspira- "Leadership of Mission Study home and foreign missions. Ortion which leads to action. The aim Groups" is the name of a course dinarily straight mission study is: To realize the slogan, "One or used by the Methodist Episcopal takes the place of the regular more mission study classes and read- Church, South, pastors and Sunday School lessons for those ing circles in every missionary society other leaders being familiarized periods. Miss Ruth Heinmiller in the United Lutheran Church." with the current study books and writes in Bulletin No. One of the also the principles and methods The system advocated is that of for teaching them, with a view having a synodical mission study sec- to becoming, in turn, instructors retary working through the conferences and on down through confer- [79 ] ence and congregational secretaries to' similar promotional agencies in the

International Council of Reli- flags and decorations matching loved on both sides of the line, gious Education: the countries. With each ex- writes: hibit was a map showing the The men were reluctant at first location of the stations, and from We set up an exhibit on Friday, about taking it, but after they got this were strung ribbons bear- preferably in a gymnasium or some into the study they didn't want to stop. ing the names of the mission- room with high walls. We decorate They have been writing in asking for aries and dates of their terms of the walls with tapestries, maps, picmore information and especially about service. This material was in- tures, etc. We place on long tables our denominational work. The y tensively used in nine successive all the way around a large, square frankly confessed that they did not services inclusive of Sundays room . . . curios representing the know our denomination was carrying and Wednesdays, with a stereop- home life, agriculture, industries, on so much work. A striking result ticon lecture at each meeting. trade, health conditions, religions, etc., of this study is the fact that this China, Ceylon, India, America, of our different mission fields. We church paid the highest amount of its the Near East, Africa, Japan. have one or two missionaries at each denominational apportionment of any and the Philippines were succes- of the tables representing Korea, church in the Classis for the year. sively featured, plays, pageants, And for the third quarter of this year impersonations and an "around- China, India, Africa, Trinidad and (1933-34) they have paid 100 per the-world sup per," cafeteria Home Missions. They explain the cent! style, adding to the lure of the curios and are ready to answer ques- lectures. Churches within a The Protestant E pis cop a l radius of fifty miles were invited tions. Church has set up series of to these excellent meetings. We invite all the public and high reading courses through its Projects helped to make the plan Woman's Auxiliary, following permanent and practical. A school scholars to visit this exhibit the general plan of the Amer- number of the contributing mis- from two to four, the younger chilican Library Association in its sionaries had mentioned articles dren coming from two to three and "Reading with a Purpose." The they needed for their work. In the high school students and adults chief aim is to develop the mis- response, the Women's Associa- from three to four. Then we close sionary reading habit among tion, the Young People's Socie- the exhibit and bring all those old those not attending study classes. ties and three departments of enough into an auditorium to hear an A line of brief booklets called the Sunday school joined forces address on what missions means and "The Today Series" has been to collect materials and funds to what moves us to carryon the work. brought out, for ins tan c e, meet the needs. Surely the per- Then we divide the audience into "Japan Today." It is amazing manent effect of such an effort groups to go with the missionaries how much interesting informa- justified the great amount of tion can be packed into so small energy expended upon it. into class rooms for conversation and a space. The Lenten season is study. We put a small library on the especial mission study pe- In an isolated mountain region riod of the Episcopalians, its six of North Carolina, a woman liv- each field into the corresponding class weeks being intensively used, ing part way up a mountain did rooms so that the missionary is able even to the taking of Lenten and her bit in starting a missionary to tell the people what is available for Birthday Thank-offerings for loan library, as many as twenty- them to read and study. We put a spreading Christ's Kingdom. five books being called for and very large exhibit into the center of the recipients traveling many the big gymnasium which is sur- The Congregational-Christian miles to get the reading matter! Denomination is very zealous in rounded by tables of curios. A group of rural and village After these discussion groups we missionary education. 0 n e churches in New Jersey united church in Emmetsburg, Iowa, their resources for m iss ion usually have a supper to which leadconsented to be one of twelve study over a period of six weeks, ing workers are invited. Sometimes churches in the state to hold ex- with the result that the partici- we have one supper for young peoperimental "World – Friendship pants were very enthusiastic, ple to which everybody is invited. Institutes" which would bring saying they 'had never had a Sometimes over 200 sit down. The the world to the home church. more enjoyable or profitable time general public likes to come in about Letters telling of the proposed than that spent in this coopera- seven o'clock to see the exhibit. Misinstitute were sent to thirty-nine tive endeavor. sionaries are all in charge and the missionaries widely scattered public is always welcome. Then there over the map, asking for letters, And Away Up in Canada is a big mass meeting beginning at maps, pictures and explanations of their work, the local churches In the International Council eight o'clock. We put ads into the meeting the transportation ex- of Religious Education Bulletin paper and secure extra sp.ace for inpense up to a given limit. The previously mentioned an ac- terviews with missionaries and anresponse from some of those ad- count is given of the marked suc- nouncements of Sunday preaching. dressed was a flood of excellent cess attained in Canada by On Sunday, missionaries and secrematerial, even to a choice collec- "World Missionary Conferences taries preach in all the churches in tion of shells. The material was and Missionary Exhibits." Dr. the city and surrounding country. assembled in a series of booths F. C. Stephenson, a man much representative of the various Then on Sunday afternoon there is an fields, the home material in one International Missionary Rally – a room and the foreign in another, wonderful m e e tin g – with short speeches. On Sunday night, there are speakers in city pulpits. In some churches after-meetings are held, but enough missionaries are free to con- duct the exhibit for an hour after church.

On Monday morning we have a meeting with the ministers. . . . We let them tell us all their troubles and try to help them . . . Also on Mon- day morning our missionaries go to the high school and technical schools, giving short addresses and inviting the young people to come to our ex- hibit, so Monday afternoon is usually a very strenuous one. Usually we have a pageant or play put on by the N"oung people Monday night, preceded by a big supper. By Tuesday the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

workers and ministers are thoroughly 8. Pantomimes during reading of maintains attendance and interaroused. The day is spent in close-up "East Wind, West Wind." est, Rev. William E. Harmon dework with ministers, official board cided that this was not so much members, Sunday school and young 9. Debate on Unemployment Insur- due to irreligion, irreverance or people's leaders, closing with a big ance (following study of "Christ and the death of spiritual impulses supper at night which is well at- the Modern World"). as to the need for giving "old, tended. Then of course we must fol- eternal truths new habiliments low up with correspondence. We have 10. Address by Negro woman on -a refurbishing and sometimes never put on anything else which is "Changing Racial Attitudes." entirely new clothing." On this quite as satisfactory. thesis he established The Reli- 11. By means of posters, charts and gious Motion Picture Founda- One Plan in Detail scrapbooks, class members presented tion, 140 Nassau St., New York a graphic demonstration of the appli- City, whose very comprehensive The following detailed study cation of Christian principles to some catalog may be obtained free. of one School of WorId Friend- phases of the world's life. War and The expense is very slight and ship is timeless in its principles peace were emphasized the most. precludes any profit for the and its pattern may be used with (Given by guild girls.) Foundation save that of spiritany combination of themes or ual dividends. For communities study books. This schedule was 12. Interracial frieRdship program, without facilities, the Foundavaried from year to year but in by junior and primary children, re- tion offers projectors, screens general remained basic: flecting their class study and using and even the service of an oper- Mexican children, with other partici- ator upon application at the 6: 15, an inexpensive supper. pants costumed to represent children nearest distribution bureau, as 6: 45 to 7: 15, song and devotional of other nationalities. follows: period-a study of great hymns for one topic. 13. From the covers of a book large Beacon Films, Inc., 25 West 45th 7: 15 to 8: 10, study classes, lecture enough to conceal them stepped class St., New York City. method used with adults, in the main. members impersonating doctors and 8: 10 to 8: 45, feature period. nurses whose lives of service were re- Holbrook-Smith Production, 33 West A hymn-sing was used last year to corded in one of the study books. Ex- 60th St., New York City. make profitable the pre-supper period hibit of hospital supplies made by while the people were gathering. class, to be sent away through the Pilgrim Press, 14 Beacon St., Bos- White Cross for mission use. ton, Mass. For the regular suppers, the juniors sometimes prepared at- The closing session of the series one Division of Visual Aids, Presbytractive table favors. Leaflets year featured a Friendship Supper. terian Board of Christian Education, furnished by the national board From large upright hearts in the Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, of the denomination were also center of each table extended red Pa. placed at each plate at table; and cords to flags of different nations set in accordance with the slogan, at the four corners of the table, to Presbyterian Book Store, 234 Mc- "Read! Share!" the literature express the keynote of the function. Allister St., San Francisco, Calif. was supposed to be read between Beautiful booklets indicating the evesessions and passed on to others ning's theme had been made by the Y. M. C. A. Motion Picture Bureau, who had not been present. juniors and were used as place favors. 347 Madison Ave., New York City, or Girls doing Christian Americaniza- Room 1019 South La Salle St., Chi- The feature periods, following tion work and others having foreign cago, Ill. the class sessions, were of spe- friends brought these as guests of cial interest. .Here are a few il- honor, introducing them to the entire The Japanese Tourist Bureau, lustrations: company, the foreigners giving sen- 551 Fifth Ave., New York City, tences of greeting in their own lan- also furnishes for the cost of 1. Five-minute map drill of Baptist guages, translated into English by carriage only a number of reels stations, using electrified maps of the their friend-hostesses. Appropriate of Japanese pictures of general home and foreign countries studied- music of the nationalities was inter- import and good as background three on each-all given by the same spersed. An original pageant on one material. person to ensure unity and compre- of the study books (Torch-Bearers) hensiveness. furnished the climax of the evening. Pass on the Torch 2. For "atmosphere," an exhibit of Expressional Projects furnish one Pass on the torch, pass on the flame, Indian and Chinese art, pictures, items of the most valuable features of each of home settings, etc., arranged by a School of Missions in this church. Remember whence the glory came; guild girl who gives the explanations. Hospital supplies, showers for mission stations under the direction of a And eyes are on you as you run, 3. Responsive readings on "Along "Shower Lady," presentation of gifts the Indian Trail" and "Lanterns in suitable for use among Indians and Beyond the shining of the sun. Their Hands," given by different in- collected in an Indian drum accorddividuals to present a wealth of facts ing to lists of needs previously ascer- Lord Christ, we take the torch from about the two fields being studied. tained from various stations, offering of money gifts for Chinese missions Thee, 4. "Missions Speaks"-a playlet by (dropping this into a Chinese languild girls advertising denominational tern), and such like outlets for inter- We must be true, we must be free, missionary publications. est and emotion aroused by the studies are always arranged. Can you And clean of heart and strong of soul, 5. Talk by college professor on the imagine children trained thus in sucdevelopment of the Middle West along cessive sessions ever saying, "We To bear the glory to its goal. the line of Indian trails. don't believe in missions?" o Lord of life, to Thee we kneel; 6. "Indian Night"-Indian museum The foregoing excerpts were examined under guidance of "atmos- Maker of men, our purpose seal! phere" chairman. taken from contributions sent to this Department from the First We will, for honor of Thy name, 7. Play, "Two Thousand Miles for a Book," by dramatics class. Baptist Church of Galesburg, Pass on the torch, pass on the flame.

Illinois. -Allen Eastman Cross, in The Presbyterian Magazine. Visual Aids Noting the increasing diffi- culty with which the Church The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~,===–=====~=I~ indifference t 0 ment" is quite in accord with the others, for the re- general subject of p ray e r, moval of bitter- namely "Bear ye one another's burdens and so fulfil the law of ness and e viI Christ" (Gal. 6: 2). The service thoughts fro m is prepared in six main divisions of which the third is "Worship our minds. Through Interpreting the Theme for Life Today" : Almighty God, our LEADER: What would it mean to obey heavenly Fat her, Christ's new commandment in our homes? who didst so love the ASSEMBLY: It would mean that gentle- world as to give Thy ness and courtesy, the will to under- stand, patience and good humor Son to be its light would bless the relationships of husband and wife, parent and child, and life, we would brothers and sisters. Each would share the work of the home, and know the mind of each would share his best gifts of mind and heart for the building of .: ',' our Master concen:- happiness in the home. ing this world of .' …. LEADER: What would it mean to obey Thine. For t his Christ's new commandment in our schools? .'.. -,', . cause we pray in . the words of Thy ASSEMBLY: It would mean that each member of the school community '., ," servant, Paul: "Let could be relied on for school spirit, that gentle manners and careful ." . this mind be in us, consideration for the rights of . .' which was also in others would prevail; and that a desire to fit oneself for service Christ Jesus." Help would replace selfish ambition as the dominant motive in education. . . .. .. us to see the world LEADER: What would it mean to obey as He saw it, to hear Christ's new commandment in the world of business? . " its cry as He heard ASSEMBLY: It would mean that em- ., it, to feel its need as ployers would deal with those who work for them as human beings of He felt it. Give U5 dignity and worth. Equally it would mean that all who are em-· His w 0 rId vision, ployed would give full measure of interest and of energy to the day's His world compas- work, regarding the humblest task as a trust to be fulfilled. sion, His world pur- pose and His wor~d LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our yearning. Forgive us community life?

wherein we h a v e ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the resources of the community would tried to keep His be organized for the well-being of all the citizens. Wholesale recrea- world-gospel to our- tion would be provided, temptations to intemperance and vice removed. selves. G ran t us The work of the community would be justly divided, as well as the re- LET TIns' MIND BE IN YOU singleness of pur- sulting gains. It would not be tol- WHICH WAS ALSO IN CHRIST JESUS pose and strength of will to publish the mind of Jesus for our world; and so bless the endeavors The illustration above is given of Thy servants who proclaim His gracious Gospel, that this our world through the courtesy of the may speedily. and surely be His Woman's Missionary Society of world. In His name. Amen. the General Synod, Reformed Church in the United States. ARTHUR V. CASSELMAN.

This society is in process of be- "A New Commandment"

coming the Woman's Missionary The Service of Worship for Society of the Evangelical and Young People to be used on the first Friday in Lent, Mareh 8, Reformed Church, an evidence 1935, the World Day of Prayer that "the mind" of Christ Jesus for Missions, was prepared by Miss Marjorie Trotter of Canfor unity is at work in the hearts ada at the request of the Interand minds of His followers. Board Committee, Woman's Mis- The illustration, symbolizing the sionary Societies of Canada. The theme "A New Commandfamily with the child in the midst, is the cover of a year's calendar of prayers. These prayers ask forgiveness for [ 82]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

erated that a few should amass for- Blackfeet fro m the CONCERNING ORIENTALS tunes while the many suffered want. Winnebagoes. The i r IN AMERICAN LIFE LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment among homes, the i r lan- the nations? guages, their ways of ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the nations would gladly create inter- living, are not the national forces to regulate the world's trade for the benefit of the same." peoples of the world. It would mean that instead of throwing their 2. "I like to be strength into the race in armaments nations would throw their strength known as an Indian on into the World Court and League of Nations, that these might become the reservation," said effective instruments of world peace. It would mean trying to understand a Chippewa girl in St. the differences between races and peoples and giving each a chance to Paul, "but not in the make its distinctive contribution to- ward the enriching of the common city. If I told my em- life. ployer I was one, he LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our would think that I was personal lives? not capable and I ASSEMBLY: It would mean refusing to cherish resentment or bear a should lose my posi- grudge; it would mean looking for the best in other people; it would tion." mean studying and supporting the movements looking toward peace 3. Edward S w i c k and a new society; it would mean asking for God's help from day to (Wintermoon), in re- day in order to show forth the spirit of love in every situation. porting to Indian stu- Price, 2 cents; $1.50 per hundred. Order dents his participation from your denominational headquarters, or 105 East 22d Street, New York City. in the recent Meth- NEWS FLASH FROM odist Episcopal "cov- WALES ered wagon" journey Rev. Watcyn M. Price, of from Boston to Salem, Wrexham, Wales, wrote to the editor expressing his apprecia- Oregon, told of mistion of this Bulletin and reported that "The Presbyterian Church understandings of the of Wales will join with yourselves in the observance of the American I n d ian. World Day of Prayer (March 8)" and that in previous years Sometimes hew a s "wonderful prayer meetings up and down the land have been named "alien"; many held." were surprised that he INDIAN AMERICAN YOUTH spoke English; a boy "TRANSPLANTED" TODAY in New York City re- Haruko and Sabura-from "Rainbow Bridge" What Indian American young fused to shake hands (For junior children's reading, by Florence Crannell Means) people recognize as their own problems: with him "for he be- 1. Haskell student: "We In- lieved me not to be an Indian, DEAR READER: Haruko and dians are not all alike, any more than you white people are. The for he thought all Indians used Saburo are Americans. They Dutch are different from the paint and feathers." Winter- ask, Now that you have prob- Swedes, the Russians from the moon said, "It is the duty of the French. In the same way, the Indian to relate the analysis of ably studied about them in the Dakota Indians are different the characteristics of the Indian books on Japan and about Orienfrom the Chippewas, the Nava- tals in American Life, recently jos from the Cherokees, and the to the so-called Americans so published by the Missionary that they may readily under- Education Movement, what have stand us, that they may heed to you yourself done about it? our call, to our needs in this What has your missionary so- complicated world."

4. Ataloa of Bacone College, ciety done? Are they now for- Muskogee, Oklahoma, in ad- gotten? Or have you as fellow dressing Indian youth, said, citizens written to the President "We need religious leadership, of the U. S. A. expressing your motivated by the teachings of conviction as to the urgent need Christ, that will prove a new to secure new legislation and im- migration quota for Orientals, faith can minister to every comparable to that granted to phase of Indian experience and other new Americans? If you relationship with the same vi- tality as the old religions. . . . But without spiritual guidance, have not done it, please take the training, and unselfish devotion. lead in having your society think, Indian youth will fail in meet- pray, act now "for their sakes"

ing the challenge." and also as an immediate way "Trained leadership is the to do your part to maintain only answer to these problems. This means education where one world peace in the Pacific Area. may learn to 'share a life as well Sincerely yours, as make a living.' " THE EDITOR.

Europe where the lamp of truth once government. Later editions

the lurid tale were published to Principles that Unite Nations burned brightly. It is possible for help the Russian secret police fo- ment anti-Semitic agitation. The Universal Christian Coun- America to cease to be a Christian cil for Life and Work is looked country. . Bernstein's statement was upon by some as a world federa- confirmed by the lawyers for the tion of churches in the making. It is high time for us to awake to Berne plaintiffs who declared The younger churches in the Ori- that "The Protocols" were origent have been represented in our opportunities and responsibilities. inally based on an essay written meetings of the Council, and are in 1864 by Maurice J oly, a expected to form a fifth section We cannot play fast and loose with French author, called "A Diaof the world organization which logue in Hades Between Machinow has four active sections our obligations,and expect to trans- avellie and Montesquieu." made up of Eastern Orthodox, British, Continental and Ameri- mit to the coming generation a virile, -The Litery Digest. can. The Oriental Protestant churches are closely related redemptive Gospel. Every Christian World Wide D. V. B. S, through the International Missionary Council, which has as should pause and ask, What is Amer- Rev. Robert G. Boville, foundconstituent bodies the various er of the Daily Vacation Bible National Christian Councils. ica's testimony to the Christian faith? Schools, reports that during the The fundamental idea of the past year there had been held Universal Christian Council is What is the testimony of the Govern- 3,307 vacation Bible schools in that common service and con- the different countries of the paduct based on Christian prin- ment? of the college? of the church? gan world, having 13,911 teachciples, will draw together even ers, and 173,421 pupils. In the such bodies as theologically dif- of myself? What sacrifices are you United States in 1933 there were fer in some points. The Council 14,829 schools, with a total enhas its head office in Geneva. making for the fulfilment of Christ's rolment of 1,290,460. It was un- der the administration of Mr. Re-thinking Loyalty promise that the time will come when Boville that this movement was started by the New York City The Presbytery of Pittsburgh throughout the whole world "every Mission Society and it has grown has sent out a call "to the task to world-wide proportions. of re-thinking loyalty to Christ knee should bow and every tongue and His Church." Some of its -Watchman-Examiner. pargraphs are the following: should confess that Jesus Christ is NORTH AMERICA It is impossible to escape the im- Lord, to the glory of God the Father. plication that if we are disciples of "Everyman's Offering" Christ we must follow where He leads. "Protocols of Zion" a Fake He goes before us and it is ours to U n de r the leadership of follow. It is not a debatable question The "Protocols of the Elders Charles P. Taft II of Cincinnati whether we shall go where He leads. of Zion," an anti-Semitic book an emergency gift was gathered published in Russia in 1905, by by a committee of Episcopal lay- In recent times the followers of Sergei Nilus, is a fantastic story men, and called "Everyman's Christ seem to have lost the sense of of an alleged Jewish conspiracy Offering." The object was to direction. The chill of the outside to overthrow Christianity and to avert the threatened heavy cut world has come into the church and dominatEY the world. These docu- in missionary appropriations of we have passed the torch of mission- ments have been declared forg- the Protestant E pis c o· p a I ary enthusiasm to other hands. Chris- eries, copied from an old book, Church. Making its appeal to tians confess to the lack of the driving and the Union of Jewish Com- the men of the Church, in eight power of a great passion for the cause munities in Switzerland have months this offering amounted of the Christian faith which alone can brought suit for libel to end for- to $251,000. More than 1,200,- redeem and save our people. The ever the gruesome tale which 000 pieces of literature were lives of Christians are the real ob- has plagued Jews for sixty sent out and thousands of indistacle to the progress of the Gospel in years. viduals were personally solicited. our generation. The "Protocols" were re-pub- Christianity was driven from North lished in London in 1920 under Africa and from parts of Asia and the title "A Jewish Peril" and were discredited in 1921 by Her- man Bernstein. In a booklet called "the History of a Lie," he traces the documents to a novel published in Germany by Her- man Goedische, writing under the pen-name of Sir John Ret- cliffe. An excerpt from this book was published in 1872 un- der the title, "The Jewish C-eme- tery in Prague and the Council of the Representatives of the Twelve Tribes of Israel," which recited the story of bearded J ew- ish elders conspiring, in a ceme- tery, to overthrow Christendom and to set up a Jewish universal [84 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Among the startling f act s only institution of its kind in the LATIN AMERICA brought up by this dragnet was northeastern section of the Unitthat three-fourths of the church ed States. The ex-slave is Dr. Reactions in Mexico membership were making no Walter H. Brooks, pastor of the regular contribution to missions. Nineteenth S t r e e t Baptist Rev. Clarence Neff, of Guad- Church of Washington, D. C. alajara, Mexico, declares that Some observers believe that He entered Lincoln University only a movie camera can portray this movement may take perma- in 1866 when only a few years conditions in that country, so nent form in organized local out of bondage. He is now 83 rap i d I y does the situation groups of mission-minded men. years old, and has been a pastor change. "Far from being a time in Washington for over 50 years. to give up and retire from the -The Christian Advocate. field," says Mr. Neff, "this would A letter from Dr. Brooks to seem to be one of those crises Churches Sold for Debt the president offhe University which challenge the reality and recalled a gift of $500 he had resources of our Christian reli- Dr. F. W. Mueller, superin- received from the Presbyterian gion." tendent of church extension for Board of Education in Pittsthe Methodist Board, reported burgh when he was a student. The Congregational Church at at the annual meeting, Novem- Dr. Brooks wrote further: Hermosillo was taken over by ber 20, that thirty Methodist the Government as a social cenchurches had been sold by the I can never return the favor in ter. Instead of crushing their sheriff during the depression, mere dollars and cents. But today, spirit this seems to spur the and that about 400 others were for the first time in my life, I am able workers on to new endeavor. At in a critical condition. About to draw a check for $1,000 and have Matzatlan, where the clergy are 5,000 of the 20,000 churches of a hundred or two left to my account, put on a quota, a progressive the denomination had debt prob- only a hundred or two, however. program of social action serving lems, he said, and the interest on the community has been pushed. church property debts "exceeds "Peyote Christians" For services the churches join the amount given by the entire together with the Baptists whose church for world service." In Rev. F. C. Patterson, writing pastor has a permit to officiate. each case, Dr. Mueller said, a in the Woman's Missionary Mag- The English Forum and the Inmodest loan would save the day. azine of the deep spiritual need ternational Club are growing of our American Indians, tells concerns. Professional and busi- Anti-Alcohol Education why it is difficult to win "Peyote ness men, both Catholic and Christians." Most of this group Protestant, discuss questions of The 60th anniversary conven- were nominal Christians before general interest in a new Spantion of the W. C. T. U. held in joining the cult; in fact, they ish-speaking group. Cleveland, Ohio, November 10- claim it is a Christi,an church, 15, climaxed in the launching of organized in Oklahoma as "Na- Instituto Colon, a Congregaa five-point, five-year, $500,000 tive American Church." Their tional school, has been unable to program, to culminate in 1939, distinctive characteristic is the meet expenses and has closed the centenary of the birth of use of the narcotic-drug, "pey- but the Colegio Internacional is Frances Willard, and at once to ote" as the Bread in the Holy still functioning. embrace a nation-wide plan of Communion. They hold their education for youth and adults, meetings only when they have a -American Board News. along with unwavering cham- supply of this drug. It keeps pionship of legislation looking them awake for 24 hours, so they Work with Mexican Troops toward the goal of national ab- usually start their meetings on olition of the liquor traffic. Saturday evening and the effect N. W. Taylor is evangelizing of the drug continues through Mexican soldiers who occupy Mrs. Ida B. Wise Smith was the Sabbath. This drug enlarges roadside camps; and has met a reelected national president. the retina of the eye and causes cordial response. Week after The next world's convention will them to see wonde.rful color ef- week this work has gone on. be held in the United States, fects. They think of these color Four regiments have been visprobably in 1937. effects as visions of Christ and ited in their barracks and two claim the drug is the Holy Spirit hundred and seventy-five New Ex-Slave Gives $1,000 revealing the truth to them di- Testaments and 150 Bibles have rectly so that they do not need been sold to soldiers. Many of- With an initial gift of $1,000 to read the Bible. ficers, and between eight and from a former Negro slave, a nine hundred soldiers have taknation-wide movement has been The thing was started by a en a stand for Christ before launched to raise $400,000 for government agent in order to their comrades. the expansion and improvement profit from the sale of the drug. of Lincoln University near Ox- The government is now handi- In one meeting a major gathford, Pa. This is a pioneer liber- capped in legislating against it ered 45 soldiers, their wives and al arts college and theological because the Indians cry "reli- children who drank in every seminary for Negro young men, gious persecution," and all argu- word, and showed much interest founded 80 years ago, and the ment is useless. in the chart explanation of the Gospel. The major, looking up

the references, would occasional- cate Rev. Irven Paul of Chile to London October 2, Prof. Duncan ly say to the company with a such a continent-wide service W. Blair declared that there is nod, "Yes, here it is, just as he u n d e r the auspices of the no more strategic field of evansays." When the invitation was World's Sunday School Associa- gelistic effort than the universigiven one of the first to raise his tion, and it is confidently ex- ties of the world, because stuhand was this major. pected that the way will be clear dents are required to assimilate for the inauguration of this new a constantly growing mass of in'- At Managua, Nicaragua service early this year. formation. Representatives from several universities reported up- In twelve years the Baptist The first national Sunday on the witness borne by the Church at Managua, has in- School Convention ever held in Christian Unions in the univercreased from less than 100 to Colombia is reported a pro- sities. 500, and the Sunday school from nounced succeSf!. It was held in an average attendance of 75 to Bogata and the' attendance was One speaker told of a tour in more than 400. The church has representative. This new I y Hungary, in which he met an igtwo branch Sunday schools. Al- formed organization desires to norance of the Word of God though the members are all very b e com e affiliated with the which is almost incredible, and poor, $12,000 has been contrib- World's Sunday School Associa- of hunger for the Word. He inuted to the work. The church tion. stanced cases of students standis planning to enlarge the chapel ing firmly for Christ, although and has a fund of more than To Evangelize Argentine Jews lonely and suffering dire pover- $5,000 toward a church building. ty. The Hebrew Christian Alli- Miss Mary Mills, Baptist mis- ance of America plans to send The President of the Fellowsionary, writes that 533 boys Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Glass to ship, Dr. T. W. Gilbert, said that and girls are receiving a Chris- inaugurate work among the the movement is the most steadytian education. We have in our 150,000 Jews of Argentina if the ing influence he has known, and employ at Managua eighteen necessary funds are obtained. that its members are character- Nicaraguan teachers of whom There is a great field in Buenos ized by a devotion to the Lord, eight are Christian and four oth- Aires alone, a city of over 2,000,- and strong conservative views, ers are very sympathetic toward 000 people with 90,000 Jews for which result in clear testimony the Gospel. Last spring Don Is- whom little Christian work has and simple faith. Some of the mael Garcia, pastor at Santa ever been, done. ablest men of the day were Ana, who is counted one of the among their ranks. best evangelists in Latin Ameri- -Christian Approach to Jews. ca, conducted services in our -The Christian. church. Nearly every night the Baptistqrowth in Brazil building was crowded, and Fifteen Years in Belgium eighty-five accepted Christ. They Dr. arid Mrs. W. Bagby, are now in the candidates class. Southern Baptist missionaries A review of the work of the A Mr. Hamilton, Moravian mis- in Brazil, have seen the Baptist Belgian Gospel Mission has an sionary, is pastor of a church on Church in that country grow especial interest since the Homethe east coast of Nicaragua from 2 to 50,000 in fifty years. going of its founder, Ralph C. which has a membership of more There are Baptist churches in Norton. Mr. Vansteenberghe, than 800. every state of Brazil; in all, 490 who has been with the mission churches, 1,214 pre a chi n g since its beginning, surveys this -Watchman-Examiner. points, 42,000 members, 718 work for the Sunday School Sunday schools, 226 young peo- Times. Sunday Schools in South ple's unions, 400 women's soci- America eties, two seminaries, two train- In fifteen years the Belgian Gospel ing schools, two colleges, four Mission has grown into a work whose Since the World's Sunday academies, forty-eight primary branches reach from frontier to fron- School Convention in Rio de J a- schools, a publishing house, a tier. 'Through the tents or other neiro, much thought has been home mission boa:r:d with work means the battle line against the force given to the need for a general among the emigrants, Indians, of the enemy has been stretched out worker for religious education and in the far interior, a For- until today we have posts north, south, in the Spanish-speaking coun- eign Mission Board with work in east and west in this land. In all tries of South America. Brazil, Portugal. these places the Gospel is preached which speaks Portuguese, is well regularly, and all exercise their incared for under the leadership – Watchman-Examiner. fluence in a certain radius. Homes of Rodolfo Anders, Secretary of where meetings are now being held the Brazil Council of Religious EUROPE may become in the near future centers Education. Recently the Board of established work; in all, there are of Foreign Missions of the Pres- Inter-Varsity Fellowship 60 points where regular services, are byterian Church, U. S. A., an- on the way. nounced its willingness to allo- At the fourth annual meeting of the Inter-Varsity Fellowship The Mission did not escape the de- of Evangelical Unions, held in pression unscathed. At the beginning of summer no money was available for tent work, but the Lord made pro- vision, and since July 1 both tents have been out, and now at the end of July the French tent is at the end of its second series of meetings, while

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Flemish tent is in the middle of thirty-one me m be r s and a reading it, but he continued to its third campaign. We have been do so, in company with some of church membership of 3,000. his friends; the more they read, working in new territory as far as , At the 116th annual meeting the tents are concerned. of the Methodist Board of For- the more they were dissatisfied eign Missions, held at 150 Fifth The 'original church in Brus- with the Church as they found sels decided last year that it Avenue, New York City, Novem- it. Kwasniuk and his friends could be self-supporting, which ber 21,23 attended by nearly a sought out the American preach- hundred per cent of the 115 min- ers in Kolomea, and as a result means voluntary gifts amount- congregations came into being ing to at least $3,300 annually. isterial and lay managers, it was Church Life in Germany voted to unite with the Synod of in both villages. The movement the Methodist Church in Italy, spread with great rapidity, and From the International Chris- which is under the jurisdiction is still spreading. Groups of tian Press, Geneva, we find evi- of the British Methodist Church. evangelical Christians sprang up This merger, when consum- in village after village. In the dence that in Germany the mated, will give Italy a stronger beginnings of a new church life Methodism and strengthen the neighboring town of Stanislau the movement was organized on are to be perceived. The number evangelical forces. of people who have come back -The Christian Advocate. Lutheran lines; in the neighbor- hood of Kolomea it retained a to the Evangelical Church indi- strong Reformed character. One cates that the movement towards Czechoslovakia Church or two Greek Catholic priests the Church has by no means Independent and a number of theological stureached its limit. In Berlin dents identified themselves with alone, in 1933, some 63,815 I?eo- Czechoslovakia c h u r c h e s the movement. Lutheran and pIe j 0 i ned the EvangelIcal ceased last year to receive any Church as compared with 4,272 Reformed branches' have allotted in the preceding year. Similarly, financial aid from the American to each other specific spheres of Board, and thus a connection of labor, to prevent all clashing and the number of communicants sixty-two years was finally sev- competition; their relations are amounted to 259,737, out of a ered. Dr. James L. Barton most cordial. total of 301,975. That wide cir- writes that it was his privilege In Poland the law requires cles of people are ready to take to visit a large number of the that a change of religion can part in parish life is proved by churches in Austria in 1909 in only be made after certain legal a number of facts, among them, company with Dr. John Porter, preliminaries, w h i c h require the deliberate renunciation of whose cordial and sympathetic three months for their accomhome baptism in favor of con- relations with pastors and lead- plishment. The cost including gregational baptism w h i c h that of securing from the priest ers was evident everywhere. He seems to be taking place to an was manifestly honored and a birth-certificate, amounts to increasing extent. Another cus- loved by all who knew him; he tom which had largely gone out had the happy faculty of giving about five American dollars, about one month's wages for a of use, according to which a be- able and constructive assistance peasant. Children between the to the evangelical movement trothed couple is present at the without seeming to dominate. ages of six and fourteen may not service at which their banns are change their faith, even though published, is be i n g resumed Dr. Porter celebrated his sev- their parents do so, but must entieth birthday last May. Leadmore and more. With the pres- continue to receive in the schools ers throughout the entire field religious education from the ence of the betrothed couple in joined in urging him, when his the midst of the interceding con- Church to which they have pregregation, the publication of active service came to an end, to viously belonged. In spite of banns has regained its earlier remain with them as long as he these facts some 4,000 persons lives. -Missionary Herald. have officially made the transfer church significance. In order to bring the pastor into closer con- to the Reformed Church, and about the same number to the tact with his congregation, an Revival in Poland Lutherans. -Rev. W. T. Elmslie, Leeds, order has been enacted in Thiir- Reference has been made to ingen relating to pastoral visits. the revival among Ukrainian Eng. peasants of southern Pol~nd. It has become the duty of the Nine years ago some AmerIcan Soviet Children Ukrainian Protestant preachers pastor to make at least ten house held services in Kolomea. The Differences in the mental outvisits during the week, and to enter them in a special book.

Italian Methodists Reorganize news came to a village some ten look of children in France and miles away where was a peasant, of those reared under a commu- Methodist work in Italy, after Roman Kwasniuk, during the nist regime were shown in the sixty-two years, is to be reor- war a prisoner in Siberia. There answers to questionnaires ad- ganized in view of the cha!l~ed he had learned to read the Bible, dressed to both French and Sovpolitical situation and the rIsmg which he brought back with him iet children from 11 to 15 years tides of Italian nationalism. to his native village. He was of age and from families of Italy Annual Conference has discouraged by the priest from widely varying circumstances.

A question on what was their U n i a t Christians. Between From Spanish Guinea ideal in life brought from Cairo and the Mediterranean, French children such answers among 6,000,000 people, there Rev. Joseph McNeill, an as: "To be rich"; "To have a are only about 2,000 Christians. American Presbyterian missionbicycle"; "To travel"; "to be an Many social and educational readmiral"; "To read books with forms are being promoted in ary, writes from Rio Benito, of happy endings." Soviet young- Egypt, but there are powerful missionary triumphs and dissters gave such answers as: "To elements which view with appre- couragements. During a comoverthrow capitalism and build hension any weakening of the socialism" ; "To be like Voro- traditional Moslem position and munion season he summoned the shiloff [Defense Minister]" ; prestige. -Moslem World. twelve catechists and said: "I "To study to be outstanding in am going to write to friends in sport." Egyptian Women in Public . America who have helped us The question, "What do you Life with gifts. Tell me what was know about God?" brought from French children views ranging Many women of Egypt stepped done with some of them." from pantheism to the opinion from their homes into public life He was a bearded old man who during the first years following One reported: "At Christmas had perhaps died. Soviet chil- the World War, according to dren unfaltering declared that Madame Khayat, of Cairo, who we gave a feast and fed 70 peo- God was an invention of priests. is in touch with many young ple. Some marveled when we women through her program of Both Soviet and French chil- social work in Cairo. She points gave preference to widows and dren exhibited a low opinion of out that with only fifteen years orphans. We told of the wonthe League of Nations, some of emancipation Egyptian wom- French boys considering it a so- en have reached the front ranks derfullove of Christ that softens ciety of old gentlemen trying to of public and professional en- us toward the needy." prevent war, and Soviet lads re- deavor without having the long garding it as a weak organiza- years of work in schools, fac- "And I," said another, "I tion that "merely talks while we tories and business, which wombuild socialism." Asked what en of the western world experi- found a poor, sick woman with they would do if head of the enced before they were able to no one to care for her and gave Soviet State, Russian children's break into higher fields. answers were such as: "Develop her a cloth. She said, '0 my the waste parts of the Soviet -Yo W. C. A. News. friend, that chicken you used to Union and improve living condi- see running around my yard tions"; "Build new houses and Ethiopia's Forward Look finish the subway"; "Destroy died; I have nothing to give you class distinctions." The Psalmist's pro ph e c y, "Ethiopia shall soon stretch out in return for this.' " -New York Times. her hands unto God," now printed on Abyssinia's corona- "There is a poor albino woman AFRICA tion postage stamps, seems in process of fulfilment. Fifteen in my town," said another. "She Egypt's Recent Progress missionaries have been commis- wanted to come to communion sioned by the Bible Churchmen's Egypt is not yet emancipated Missionary Society, some of service and had nothing to wear. religiously, and constant dis- whom have already settled in So I gave the dress to her, and putes arise on the question of Abyssinia. Schools are opening, what do you think? She came, liberty of conscience and teach- printing presses are at work, ing. There are over 400 mis- contact with the outside world is but had no money for the consionaries and nearly 30 societies established, the circulation of tribution, so offered to give the in the country. Forty per cent Scripture in the modern lanof the missionary force is in guage of Ethiopia is going for- dress for the Lord's work. The Cairo, but there are some 300 ward. Ras Kassa, trusted coun- pastor felt she needed that dress centers of work. Much evangel- cilor of the Emperor, has asked and now she is trying to find ism has been carried on among the Society to supply physicians the Copts since 1859, and a very and teachers for a center which something from her garden to large part of the Protestant is being built seventy miles north meet her pledge." Church is built up from among of the capital; and the Governor them~ In 1927 out of the popu- of Chercher has opened the way Mr. McNeill tersely sums up lation of 13,000,000 there were for work among the Islamized the advances of the year: nearly a million Coptic Chris- Abyssinians east of the capital. tians, 66,000 Protestants and A Year Ago Today 117,000 Roman Catholics and -So S. Times. Slow transportation ……. .A Ford truck. No church in the interior •.Mengo Church or· ganized. No trained native workers ..One native pastor, four t r a i ned Catechists. No village schools ……….One station school and twelve vii· lage schools. Lethargy of Beach Churches .Five outposts sup- ported. Okak barriers ………….Fifteen Okak con· verts.

Clouds Still Looming Heavy Catholic opposition ………Greatly increased. Scant white personnel ……Doctor and teacher still lacking.

In Madagascar Members and adherents' of the church founded by the L. M. S. in Madagascar number 250,- 000, the next largest total being that in India where the figure is 188,000. There are 747 Sunday schools on the island, with 38,-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

000 children attending them. The scorpion's nest in Izmir, the the work of the churches has Training in Sunday s c h 001 American college, is closed. The build- been put on the project basis, methods is included in the the- ing in which the priests' black spirit each enterprise being obliged to ological seminary at Tananarive, had permeated is now overcome by the commend itself to the judgment the capital. red color of the Turkish culture. The of a mixed group of appraisers year before last the American college before funds are allocated. In the Betsileo Pro v inc e, at Sivas had been closed. Can a scorwhere there has been a center pion's nest exist in the place where the Kennedy Memorial Hospital of the L. M. S. for over 60 years, Ghazi had opened his congress for the in Tripoli for the first time last there are six central stations, liberation of Turkey? Is it certain year received an income equal to 259 outstations, and about 45,- that during the coming school year expenditures. T his released 000 people ass 0 cia ted with many of the foreign schools in Istan- most of its appropriation for the churches as members or adher- bul and the Tarsus college will be development of pioneer medical ents. Here, also, is a small the- closed? Those parents who send their work in another section. It is ological school. The vernacular children to such schools will suffer for hoped that this condition may press of the island is almost en- their crime. Izmir is silenced. Tarsus continue. tirely Christian. closes its accounts at the new year. In its report sent to America, the col- Another advance is the in- -The Chronicle.· lege states that unless help is sent, it creasing opportunity for young cannot continue for more than four Christians to express their new WESTERN ASIA months. Istanbul colleges do their life in voluntary service to their best in the way of propaganda, to own people. This is furthered Turkey Bans Clerical Garb catch in their net the ignorant, to get by the changed status of women. money. But it is all vain. Sooner or Girls from the Junior College Mustafa Kemal's government later they'll have to lock their doors, have for three successive sumin Turkey has been conducting a and put a signboard on the buildings mers gone into villages where determined campaign to break that they are for rent. . . . the people are living in unbethe power of the Mohammedan lievable ignorance, poverty and priesthood. Its resistance has See how happy the Turkish child is disease; have camped near the led to a series of repressive at Izmir. See! the winds blow over village and entered into its life; measures, one being a decree the place where the school used to be. have gathered the children, forbidding ministers to appear Come, 0 Turkish youth! Make your teaching them cleanliness, hyin public in cleric attire. Civil- vow that all foreign schools in Istan- giene and religion. ian clothes must be worn on all bul shall sell their goods at auction occasians except when actually and all the "doctors," "madams," -Women and Missions. attending religious ceremonies. "messieurs" and the "soeurs" shall The decision applies alike to the take their passports and go to the land Forward Looking Persia Moslem, Orthodox, Armenian, of Hottentots. Catholic, Protestant and Jewish September 25, 1934, the Shah clergy. Church of the Martyrs of Persia issued a decree sup- pressing the wearing of veils by Two Mosques Become Cultural This church in Aleppo cele- Persian women. The action is Centers brated its third anniversary Sep- similar to that taken by Mus- tember 23. It has been self- tapha Kemal in dec r e e in g A decline in Mohammedan supporting from its start. The greater freedom for Turkish worship in Turkey is indicated congregation meets in the outer women. This will mean little to by the transformation of the an- court of a home which contains the young school girls who have cient mosque, Aya Sophia in no room large enough for it. In never worn a veil. One of the Ista~bul, into a museum for summer, it shifts from one side leaders of what might be called Byzantine art. The Sultan Ah- to the other to keep in the shade, the feminist movement in Persia met mosque, situated in the same and in winter lowers a curtain has frequently said : "We are square, will be transformed into to keep out the cold. working for the lifting of the a public library. The first was, veil of ignorance and superstifor more than 900 years, the The church committee is a tion. The removal of the chudgreatest Christian Church on typical group of Armenians who dar is of no great importance." earth, and for 480 years the have made good, though heavily greatest Mohammedan mosque handicapped as strangers in a Other laws have been enacted on earth. The latter mosque was strange land. In the group is a within the past two years giving considered the most beautiful pedlar, a hardware merchant, an women more protection and one in the world. editor, a doctor, a pharmacist greater freedom. The age of and one woman member. marriage has been raised; di- -United Presbyterian. vorce laws now give women -Missionary Herald. equal rights with men; before Turkish Irony marrying an additional wife, the Growth of Syria Missions husband must inform all the The Turkish periodical, Bir- women concerned. Women have lik, thus expresses satisfaction Among significant develop- entered business and governover the closing of an American ments in Syria two stand out; ment positions. In addition the Christian College: one is the accomplishment of self-support on the part of two Presbyterian medical institu- tions, the Hamlin Memorial San- atorium and the Kennedy Me- morial Hospital; and the long stride toward self-support on the part of the Syrian Church. All

"Red Lion and Sun" (Red friends and neighbors waiting heard of occurrence, as caste Cross), there are a number of for his death that they might conversions have been rare inother societies, one for fallen take him to the cemetery. When deed. Short courses of study women; others educational, in- he rallied somewhat, and they have been offered these converts, cluding two schools for adult left, she sent word that as her and their response shows the women and a reading room. friends would not permit a keen interest they have in learn- Christian funeral after his death, ing the real meaning of their de- -Women and Missions. would it not be possible to have cision. the funeral before he died. The Persian Medical Advances request was so earnestly desired Conversion of 8,078 people in that it was impossible to refuse. one week was the result of Evan- Leaders in Persia are "sold" Following the prayer meeting a gelistic Week in May, when on modern therapy, and are group of Christians crowded 2,693 villages were visited by planning many things; among into the little room where he lay Christian evangelists, 3,674 servthem, the construction of many dying and the sentences and ices were held, and 12,000 peonew hospitals. None of these Scripture portions recommended ple took part in witnessing to approaches in magnitude or for use at funerals were read. Christ. magnificence the group of new It was surprising how fitting buildings now completed at and helpful these verses were to Christians in the d i 0 c e s e Meshed. A tho usa n d men the situation, and while the com- raised 12,000 rupees toward seworked daily, rushing this task mitment service was not read, curing an assistant bishop, and to completion in time for dedica- the remainder of it was com- toward a new cathedral. In the tion of the buildings by His Maj- pleted without the slightest sense Council there was no thought of esty Reza Shah Pahlavi at his of impropriety. curtailing the work, or even a visit in the autumn. With its mention of it, although some 300 Iron beds, its own electric INDIA salary cuts were made. lighting plant, its steam heating system, this array of twelve or A Grievance Removed -The Living Church. fourteen beautiful buildings stands in sharpest contrast to A long-standing grievance of Wanless Tuberculosis the old buildings of this same Christian converts has been that Sanitorium hospital twenty years ago-then in the public courts and records dark and ill-kept, without any villagers of the backward classes The Wanless Tuberculosis modern features whatever. who had been converted to Sanitorium at Miraj, which has Christianity were still entered been functioning since 1931, was The Sacred Shrine possesses as bhangis and chamars. The formally opened October 24. great wealth, poured into its Indian Christian Association coffers by successive waves of brought the matter to the atten- "How was the Sanitorium pilgrims through hundreds of tion of Sir Malcolm Hailey, Gov- built in these days of depresyears. Its resources are now ernor of the United Provinces of sion?" is a question frequently being utilized by the present Agra and Oudh, with the result asked. Miraj Hospital bought progressive ruler of Persia for that all officials have been in- the land, 105 acres; friends the support of modern schools, structed to record those who from Bombay Presidency subthe work for lepers, this new have been converted to Chris- scribed liberally, and wealthy hospital plant, and other projects tianity as Christians. This ac- people have given large donafor the benefit and relief of the tion on the part of the Govern- tions. During 1933, Rs. 15,000 pilgrims, and the 2,000,000 peo- ment is greatly appreciated by were received from a Hindu ple of Khorasan. That pioneer Christians of the backward Bombay broker for a new x"ray; Christian hospitals have been a classes, and also by those who and Rs. 50,000 from a Jain major factor in stimulating this are working for and among Trust Fund for new buildings. medical advance throughout Per- them. -The Indian Witness. The former came as the result sia there can be no doubt. of a promise made to Dr. Wan- Three Years in Dornakal less in 1930; the latter through His Own Funeral the influence of a patient who Encouraging reports were re- was connected with the Trust A Christian convert in Persia, vealed at the Dornakal Diocesan Fund. During the past year whose faith had sustained him Council which met October 4. there has been added to the Sanithrough his long and hopeless Since the last meeting of the torium one new general ward, a illness, faced the end with per- Council three years ago, 35,494 guest house, a clinical building fect confidence. Some days be- new Christian converts have housing the new X-ray, an operfore his death, his wife, a Mos- been baptized in the diocese of ating room, clinical laboratory lem, came asking that they Dornakal. Last year nearly and examining rooms, a 15 H. P. might have a Christian funeral, 1,000 Sudras were converted engine and building to house the to which assent was gladly given. and baptized, hitherto an un- same, six new cottages contain- But when the end drew near she ing eight beds and an endowsaw the yard filling with Moslem ment of Rs. 10,000. The goal is 125 beds. -Dnyanodaya.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Javanese Converts at Delhi New Life in Siam "When we arrived in China pon Four Javanese young men, in- There has been a year of prog- ~ there was not a single mile of ress in Prae, Siam. The Presby- railroad operating anywhere in terested .in Scout work, were terian Church in that city has the land. Railroads are now members of a party which set launched out, with faith, on a measured by thousands of miles out on a world tour from Java plan of complete self-support. and include several trunk lines, to study education and political They have promised to support with others planned or under questions. They were Moham- their pastor and carryon all construction; well-built motor medans, but in Delhi they came their activities without any help roads are being opened almost in touch with Christ through from America. An ordained every month, bus service is be- servants of His in the Scout man from southern Siam, who is ing extended and airplane routes Movement, and in the missions. now resident in Prae, has given have been opened. Flour was After earnest study they pro- much time in volunteer service, ground by cow power and the fessed conversion, and were bap- and through special meetings product quite unprotected from tized in the Free Church at a and intensive evangelistic ef- dust raised by the animal's feet beautiful and memorable serv- fort under the power of the as it pursued its weary circuit. ice. They then decided to re- Holy Spirit, has been instru- Splendid flour mills with the turn to Java, to join with one of mental in bringing many to most up-to-date machinery are the missions there and become Christ. In all the churches, ex- now turning out daily hundreds grounded in the faith. cept the small group at Ban of sacks of good flour; and fac- Moon, a number of acceSSIOns tories of every sort produce the -London Missionary Herald. have been recorded each com- necessary supplies which until a munion Sunday. Quite a num- few years ago came from other Fresh Egg Association ber of old-time Christians who lands. had "said goo d – bye to the Among the experiments in Church," as the Siamese express "Forty years ago, outside misrural reconstruction, the Fresh it, have returned, renewed their sion schools, the only textbooks Egg Association is one spon- allegiance to Christ and asked to in use were over a thousand sored by the Baptist Mission at be restored. years old and there were no. re- Pyinmana. It has made a steady vised editions. Now there IS a growth. Each member has to Rev. Puang Akapin, evan- national educational s y s tern give eight annas to belong to the gelist at Pitsanuloke, has dedi- which provides schools for all Association and is given a num- cated his life 100 per cent to ages from early childhood to maber which he can place on the Christian service, without re- ture manhood, and they are open eggs to identify them. The mem- muneration from any organized to boys and girls on an equal bers are given the first oppor- body. His wife, a very capable footing. tunity to sell their eggs to the woman, has started a business mission, and are given the first in Prae which they hope will care "Undoubtedly there is a growchance to buy purebred cocks. for their family. Since he came ing sense of the need of a more The Association is now collecting he has inspired the group in the vital religious life than any of about 3,000 eggs a week and its city with the desire for a more the old cults ever produced, and activities are employing five fully consecrated life in Christ. the fact that many of the Agriculture School graduates. scholars of the land have pro- Last March two village poultry The hospital has pas sed vided themselves with copies of shows were conducted. through one of its best years the Word of God is cause for since the time when there was a great encouragement and thank- June 9, 1934, eleven Christian resident missionary physician. fulness."

men organized the Pyinmana In- The doctors from McCormick Once Buddhist-Now dustrial Cooperative Bank, Ltd., Hospital in Chiengmai have Evangelist with shares of Rs. 50 each to made regular monthly visits and finance poultry far min g in have generally found more work Each morning at Hengchow Yamethin and Toungoo districts, than they could do. Presbyterian Hospital, all em- and in Taungdwingyi subdi- -Siam Outlook. ployees who can spare the time, all patients able to walk and any VISIOn. Two Cooperative Poul- CH,INA friends who so desire attend try Societies were also organized ~ at Shwemyo and Lewe. Each chapel, by invitation, not commember puts in Rs. 5 a year un- Forty Years in Review pulsion. A Chinese evangelist, til he pays Rs. 25 for half a share in the Society. In case the So- On the eve of his retirement Mr. Dzu, who was a Buddhist ciety becomes liable for debts after forty years of service orator and strong anti-Christian which it cannot otherwise meet, under the Presbyterian Board the member may be called upon in China, Dr. J. E. Shoemaker speaker before his conversion, to pay the remaining Rs. 25. reviews some of the changes like the Apostle Paul, is now which have come under his ob- -Burma Baptist Bulletin. servation. just as ardent a worker for Christ. He is in charge of chapel services, leads once or twice a week and gets other

speakers at other times. Here orders to the village of Laomu- Building at Ginling College, there is not the difficulty in tell- teng that all Christian services, Nanking, were held in connecing, as in America, who is and even in the homes of the peo- tion with the Nineteenth Annual who is not a Christian, as non- ple, must be discontinued. The Founders' Day in November, Christians do not have the out- converts are, therefore, now 1934. This marked the compleward conformity to Christian meeting in the forest, or going tion of the academic quadrangle standards and Christian back- by a roundabout road to one of of Ginling College as planned ground. Mr. Dzu knows the psy- the other villages on Sundays. and financially provided for in chology of his people. Chris- Another village has been or- 1921-23. In a joint campaign tianity is never forced on pa- dered by the official to burn all for seven colleges in the Orient tients, but a few words are Christian books. Two chapels, a total of $3,000,000 was raised, spoken, a Scripture passage left besides the one at Laomuteng of which Ginling's share was with those who read and in a previously mentioned, have been $600,000. few days he makes it a point to completely destroyed. Several During the nineteen years of have a long talk with those who of the other chapels have been Ginling's history the student enshow interest. Not a few of the partially destroyed. rolment has grown from nine to patients leave the hospital Chris- Stressing Stewardship 213. In addition to the college tians, and much of the credit is students there are 74 senior due this former Buddhist. Rev. H. G. Hilscher, of the middle school students in the Shantung Presbyterian Mission, Practice School under the Edu- Overcoming Adversity cation Department of the insti- has made two extended bicycle tution. Dormitories are crowded The little Christian Church at trips over the Tengchow field to to capacity, and further provis- ion for housing must be made to Chi Yang had fallen on hard stress stewardship and self-sup- meet the normal growth of the port. He reports that the result student body. days. The membership slowly exceeded expectations. "Numer- -China Weekly Review. melted away. ous c h u r c h members have pledged their tithe. Our pastors, Friends Face Issue "Friends," said the volunteer who a few years ago all refused Friends at West China Union preacher, Mr. Wang, "either we to make such a pledge, are now University are confronted with tithing, as are many elders and a serious situation which arises do something or allow our from the requirement of the other leaders. One woman, Chinese Government that educachurch to be occupied by the formerly an evangelist who tional institutions in China shall teach military drill. Recently, military." So they started serv- hated to give, was revived last the government has been press- year and pledged her tithe, but ing this requirement, and the six ices again; then a school for this spring changed her pledge Friends who are members of the teaching staff have sent a signed girls; then Thousand Character to two-tenths. In one place letter of protest which stayed where we held meetings many proceedings for a time, but the Classes. The Commanding of- pledges in produce were made, ultimate result is still in the balance. iicer of the Army division turned e. g., a bushel of millet, or of wheat, eggs laid on Sunday, an The Presbyterian mission in out to be a Christian, with a de- Shantung also passed a strong entire apricot crop; and the resolution a g a ins t military sire to help. They outgrew old children insisted on having a training in Christian schools.

quarters and built a new church. share. The total amount pledged Some eminent Chinese leaders in the country field is about three have spoken frankly in regard to In late October, Rev. Rowland giving education precedence over times that of last year. military preparation. "We must M. Cross attended the dedication. Owing to finances two pastors believe," said Dr. Hu Hsih, "that the education of 50,000,000 chil- The campaign for funds was had their subsidies entirely dren will be 50,000 times more effective and important to the promoted by three loyal sons, withdrawn, but they decided to country than 5,000 airplanes!" continue on a faith basis. It two students in Yenching and meant hardship, but they testify -American Friend'. to greater joy in service, and .Jefferson, respectively, and one certainly they show greater zeal. a teacher in Tunghsien. The One who was lazy is now inces- santly preaching and looking iirst person to offer public con- after his church members; his gratulations was a non-Chris- wife is an inspiration by her tian, leading business man from constant singing, testimony and praying, and her radiance in the an adj oining town. Bowing low home. to the Cross on the altar and the picture of Christ above it, he then turned to the congregation and thanked them and the Kung- lihui for what itthheadcodmomn~eniatny.d was doing, for The pastor, a local farmer, serves without pay.

Christian Services Forbidden Persecution of Lisu converts Buildings for Ginling JAPAN -CHOSEN Dedication ceremonies for the General Assembly Meeting in the province of Yunnan continues. The latest report to China's Millions is that the local new Chapel-Music Building and The forty-eighth annual meetofficial has definitely iss u e d the Library – Administration ing of the Presbyterian Church

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in Japan was held in Tokyo last Sunday school and worship serv- that ha<J been stripped from the ices are held. Each year in Jan- October. About 300 delegates uary the farm accommodates the wall of a Korean room, and that were in attendance, coming from 20 to 30 who come for two weeks consisted of leaves from one of all parts of Japan and from For- of Farmers' Gospel S c h 0 0 I. the first Korean Bibles that had mosa, Korea and Manchukuo. There is also a Rural Women's been sent in from Manchuria be- The meetings were characterized Gospel School where along with fore the first missionaries arthroughout by a spirit of prayer the Gospel, courses are offered rived. -Pyengyang News. and harmony, and a generous attitude toward others in the in food preparation, care of chil- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC problems that were discussed. dren, housing conditions, hy- Among the questions voted upon gienic c lot hi n g, budgeting, Transformed Islanders were: The appointment of a simple marketing, etc. In 1875, Dr. George Brown Japanese as principal of the -Kagawa Fellowship landed on the beach at Molot, in Tainan College in Formosa, con- Bulletin. the Duke of York group, New ducted by the English Presby- Britain District, and found a terians, in response to an ear- New Church For Koreans people wholly savage, of disgustnest request from that mission. ing habits and of evil temper.

A special committee was ap- There are now 500,000 Ko- All the horrors of heathenism pointed for conference on union reans in Japan, scattered from were around him, and human of all denominations, with no one end of the land to the other. life was not safe. Fifty years sacrifice of principles or faith. Through the cooperation of later a missionary stepped on the Methodist and Presbyterian same beach, to be welcomed by It was urged that the Church's churches in Korea, and about over two thousand people singthree seminaries establish closer ing Christian hymns. They were relations by means of annual ten missions of various denomiconferences. nations in Japan, 48 churches clean, self-respecting, and, as was subsequently see n, of It was voted that more em- have been established for these changed character. Fiji was phasis should be placed on the Koreans, with about 4,000 Chrisspiritual and less on the scholas- once a by-word for bestiality and tic qualifications of candidates; tians, 1,000 of this number being indescribable cruelty, and all the this in view of the fact that sev- baptized church members. horrors of widow – strangling, eral men of outstanding ability had failed in one or more exam- This church as now written cannibalism and infanticide inations last year. its own constitution and creed were commonplace. Today there and set up an organization with is a whole nation transformed, -Christian Observer. and eagerly preparing to cele- something like sessions, Presby- brate the Centenary of Chris- teries or conferences, and a su- preme council. Practically all the cooperating bodies have cor- tianity in those once dark One-Acre Evangelism dially approved the new organ- islands. There is now a Church One of Mr. Kagawa's ventures ization. Six or seven congrega- that has sent its sons and daugh- tions have their buildings paid ters to New Britain, Papua, Solis to establish in various parts of for, and are contributing toward omon Islands and North Aus- Japan, as experiment stations in their workers' support. tralia to preach the Good News keeping with small scale farm- that so marvelously redeemed -Pyengyang News. their own lives. ing and living standards a series of model one-acre farms, tilled Moffett Memorial -The Open Door.

and lived on by Christian farm For some time Korean friends A Discovery in New Guinea experts. The first of these was started a few miles from Tokyo, and on it as tenant and man- of Dr. Samuel Moffett have An Australian anthropologist, ager went a young Christian wished to erect some memorial E. W. P. Chinnery, has reported graduate of the Imperial Agri- as an appreciation of his many his discovery of an area of 5,000 culture School in Tokyo and an years of service. Their first square miles in the interior of instructor therein, with his wife thought was a bronze statue, but New Guinea, inhabited by at and baby. During their three they have deferred to Dr. Mof- least 200,000 savage people who years' residence the acre has fett's wishes in the matter, with have never had any contact been transformed from the usual the result that a very neat and whatever with the outside world.

cluster of one-group rice paddies substantial two-story b ric k On venturing an investigation, into a veritable horticultural building stands at the intersec- the natives were found to be garden, with various sorts of tion of the two streets which quite friendly, much better phys- animal husbandry. Not only skirt the Eastern part of the ical specimens than many of this but the farm is a center of missionary compound. Although their fellow New Guineans. This community life and culture, as not quite finished it was used newly discovered group is with- one may judge from the well- during the meeting of General in British mandated territory.

thumbed library in the home. Assembly to house a remarkable Here is a good opportunity for Every Sunday the little house is Jubilee Exhibit. An interesting pioneer missionary work.

converted into a church where feature a section of wall-paper -Moody Institute Monthly.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,==~~========~========~==~=~, Christianity Tested, Its Significance strange, heavy," and "its doc- Dr. Buck writes out of his own for Modern Missions. By Oscar Macmillan Buck. 257 pages. $2.00. trines are foreign and bewilder- experience as a former mission- The Abingdon Press, New York. ing." (p. 104.) Then, "What ary in India, and his studies as 1934. is it," he asks, "that we have to Professor of Missions and Com- Dr. Oscar M. Buck, Professor give that is unique?" (p. 128.) parative Religion at Drew Theoof Missions in Drew University, He declares that "it is not logical Seminary since 1920. In has undertaken a difficult task- enough to say that the Christian 1925-26, he spent a year in Asia, to show how Christianity looks uniqueness is Christ," as was during eight months of which he to Asiatic non-Christians. He affirmed at the Lausanne and J e- was engaged in evangelistic frankly says that it would be rusalem Conferences. (pp. 129- work among educated non-Chris- "far easier to discover the 130.) Dr. Buck finds the answer tians. In 1930-31 he was again uniqueness of Christianity" to which satisfies him in "the in India as Secretary of the western Christians. But what Christian manner of living." (p. Lindsay Commission on Chrisdoes a non-Christian see? This 139). "What we have to giveis what this book sets out to and all that we have to give-is tian Higher Education. He is show. He guards himself at the the proof of what is unique in outset by saying: the life and religion of Jesus." an ardent advocate and an ear- (p. 230.) This attempt at a philosophy of mis- nest student of foreign missions, based upon what is unique and Is there a contrast here be- sions. Whether his present atdistinctive in Christianity among the tween the religion "of" Jesus and tempt is successful, as an Occiworld's religions and irreligions, has the religion "about" Jesus, the dental Christian to put himself to do only with the first approach to religion of which He is not only the non-Christian. It does not claim the perfect example but the ob- in the other fellow's place and to be a compendium for all that is dis- ject of its faith and worship. As tinctive in Christianity, but only a for "manner of living," it would see Christianity from the viewstatement of that central uniqueness be easy to name men who do not point of an Oriental non-Chriswhich would commend Christianity to believe in Christ at all-agnos- tian, an American is hardly in a the non-Christian without making tics, Jews, Hindus and Buddhists position to decide. Only an edu- Christianity to him at the start a sys- -whose "manner of living" is as cated Asiatic is competent to tem so exotic, so complicated, and so irreproachable as that of Chris- appraise the validity of the auaggressive as to arouse in him the tians. thor's argument. One would will to disbelieve if not the will to like to have the reactions of such counter. (p. 10.) Dr. Buck seems to magnify the men as Chang Po-lin of China, intellectual obstacles to the Kagawa of Japan, Bishop Dorne- He concludes that the mission- spread of Christianity in Asia. kal of India and Boon Boon Itt ary enterprise makes a mistake Such obstacles undoubtedly ex- of Siam. They have not found in emphasizing at the outset the ist, but are they the most for- the central Christian doctrines divine sonship of Christ, His "incomprehensible," nor did that atonement and redemption, great theologian, the late Dr.

which, precious as they are to us midable ones? Whatever they Uemura of Tokyo, who taught who "are heirs of Plato and are, we concur in the declaration these doctrines to hundreds of Plotinus, with Greek id~alism of the Lausanne and Jerusalem his students and preached them based on a metaphysical dualism Conferences that "our message to tens of thousands of Japanese. the framework of our thinking." is Jesus Christ" as He is pre- But Dr. Buck has written a (p. 95.) His ideas are unintelli- sented in the New Testament. remarkably thought – provoking gible to Asiatics who have no This is the message that has won book and one that contains a such background. "The Chris- all the victories that Christianity large amount of valuable matetian missionary enterprise," says has won thus far. The Asiatie rial. Missionaries and secreta- Dr. Buck, "has never taken suffi- delegates to those conferences ries and members of boards ciently to heart this incompre- voted for the statement and its should carefully read it. The hensibility for the Asian of its power has been attested by hun- lack of an index is a defect which doctrines and methods." (p.90.) dreds of thousands of Oriental should be remedied in any fur- The Church, too, he deems "a Christians who have understood ther printing. barrier" as "its organization is it and joyfully accepted it. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[94 ] History of the Korea Mission, Pres- cret of the work that has been China, shows 122 missions under byterian Church in the U. S. A. By carried on with great power various orders of that Church. Harry A. Rhodes, Editor. 682 pp. even through much weakness. Protestant statistics are more 8 vo. $2.00. Published by the Mis- "Certain spiritual factors have difficult to obtain because of the sion. Sold in America by Fleming predominated, viz., prayer, con- many agencies at work. There H. Revell Company, New York. fession, Bible study, worship, are two Australian Societies, 17 1934. witnessing, observance of the British, 66 American, 21 Conti- Lord's Day, revival, giving, tem- nental, with 21 agencies and so- This volume should every- perance and righteous living." cieties that are quite distinctivewhere commend the deep inter- Readers of this history will join ly Chinese, in addition to the est of students of missions. It the missionaries and their Ko- China Inland Mission rated as is the kind of work that needs to rean friends in the earnest hope international and seven educabe done in all fields, putting the that these factors will continue tional agencies not listed among records of the years into perma- in full power in trying days that the others. There are 6,121 nent form. The Presbyterian are sure to come. Protestant missionaries, 481,162 Mission in Chosen has been no- registered Protestant communitable both in methods and in CLELAND B. McAFEE. cants in a partial and incomplete results, leading to the establish- report, with 214,566 others rement of a Church which takes The China Year Book, 1934. Edited ported under instruction. Note itself with great seriousness. by H. G. W. Woodhead. 8 vo. 854 is made of medical, educational, Probably no mission in the world pp. $12.50. Published in China. relief and other forms of work. has tried to put into operation Agents for U. S. A.: University of more thoroughly what is known Chicago Press, Chicago. 1934. Other sections of the volume as the "Nevius Plan" of self-sup- give accurate facts as to the govport and self-government among This sixteenth edition of the ernment and its constitution, so new believers. Dr. Rhodes here China Year Book is even more difficult to obtain elsewhere, railtells the story of the half-cen- elaborate than its predecessors. road, postal and other statistics tury, having had full access to Manchukuo is dealt with in a and programs, and an excellent all records in Chosen itself and special chapter, since the Chi- and informative "Who's Who." in the Mission Board files in nese Government does not exer- It is an invaluable guide to the America during a recent fur- cise at present any authority facts about China. lough. The result is a sumptu- there. A special Year Book covous volume, sold at a surprising- ering Manchukuo is issued in CLELAND B. McAFEE. ly low price to make it available Tokyo. The chapters on Roman to all. In addition to 682 pages and Protestant Missions in China's Problems and Their Solution. of text there are eighty-three China have been brought down By Wang Ching-Wei. 199 pp. $4.50. pages of illustrations from pho- to date by resident writers; China United Press. Shanghai. tographs; most pages contain- there is a new chapter on "The ing two or more pictures. It is Press" and a full account of the This is an authoritative interan unusual and valuable piece of Kuomintang. Data are here pretation of present-day China, work, describing fifty years of available on virtually every as- its revolution, problems and polremarkable achievement. pect of Chinese life and history icies. It is written by one who so that the book should be in might have used the historic After giving the background every public and school library phrase: "All of which I saw and of Korean history, religion and and in the hands of all careful part of which I was"; for the customs, Dr. Rhodes takes up the students of Chinese affairs. author was a collaborator and main theme-the work of grace confidential friend of Sun Yatthrough the mission and the re- The religion of the Chinese is sen, the father of the Chinese sulting Church. The record of discussed in an extended chap- Republic, and since the latter's great revivals and new begin- ter. There are between fifteen death he has been an influential nings is given with balance and and twenty million Moslems in factor in the Government and is careful analysis. The story of China. A few hundred Chinese now president of the Executive cooperative efforts, of diver- Jews are found in Honan, gath- Department of the Government, gence of views regarding some ered around the ruins of a syna- and Minister of Foreign Affairs. points as between field and home gogue built in 1183, rebuilt in He frankly says that "China is office, of movements toward edu- 1488, and now being reclaimed sick and suffering from a series cation of the believers, of the by an Anglican Mission. Most of complications which may' be organizing of the Church and its Chinese accept Confucianism, described as general debility, a many agencies of expansion, of Taoism and Buddhism, all three weak heart and a tumorous medical work, industrial service, at the same time. "The record- growth." (p. 13.) But he firmforeign missions, of the found- ed Roman Catholic population ly believes in the recuperative ing of stations-all this is told today is 2,624,166. Every cor- powers of his country and that, in a way to inspire the reader. ner of this immense Chinese field given reasonable time and free- Missionary-minded pastors and has been planted with a Cross. dom from outside interference, other speakers will rejoice to find New workers come in hundreds China can and will develop a the whole story rich in incidents. every year from Europe and sound and stable government. Effort is made to reveal the se- America." A large statistical He roundly denounces the folder of the Catholic Church in "swashbuckling war-lords" and

"predatory militarist" whose sympathetically told and is an girls are bad; they are more "cruel selfishness" is keeping the excellent supplement to the more sinned against than sinning. country in turmoil. (p. 17.) complete biographies by Mrs. Many have left home for good, He declares that China can no Arthur Parker, Drs. Streeter unselfish reasons, because their more tolerate communists "than and Appasamy and Dr. Heiler of parents could not support them. the existence of poisonous snakes Marburg; the book by Mr. An- But they are ruined or on the and wild beasts." (p. 171.) He drews is an especially well writ- road to ruin for they live by earnestly advocates a policy of ten and satisfying interpretation their wits and brute strengthunification, and he wisely and of the man. tramping, stealing, begging, lyplainly says: "there is only one As is generally known by ing, in promiscuous sex relations course open to us-to put our readers of THE REVIEW, Sundar that sap physical and moral vihouse in order so as to consoli- Singh was a well-born Sikh, and tality. Their only education is date our national strength and had a devout mother and an hon- that which they pick up as chickvitality and thus strengthen the ored father. He went to a Chris- ens pick up grains from the dirt. foundations of peace in the Far tian mission school but lead in Prof. Minehan has interviewed East and in the world beyond it. student opposition to Bible study 1,377 boys and 88 girls of the There is no alternative." (p. 5.) and Christian influence. He was, American "jungle." Most of This is Chinese statesmanship however, a seeker after God and them are American born and so at its best. There is hope for a when about sixteen years of age are their parents. They came nation that has such leaders as had a remarkable vision which from over 22 states. Their ages Wang Ching-Wei and Chiang led to his acceptance of the living ranged from 12 to 21, the aver- Kai-shek. The volume has a Christ. Persecution and ostra- age being about 17 years. Most wealth of information and is cism from his home followed. claimed to be Protestants and 88 handsomely printed and bound, He forsook all, was baptized and had attended Sunday Schools. but the price is rather high for a began to study with missionaries Many had been on the road from book of hardly 200 pages. at Ludhianna and later at La- one to two years. Few had ARTHUR J. BROWN. hore. Finally he decided to be- reached high school. A glossary come a Christian Sadhu-a trav- Sadhu Sundar Singh. By C. F. An- eling witness to Christ and a is needed to interpret some of' servant of all in the name of his their language on the road. drews. 8 vo. 204 pp. $2.00. Harp- ers. New York. 1934. The book is interesting but sad Many· who were acquainted Master. Many and remarkable reading and describes where with Sundar Singh were strong- were his visions and experiences these boys and girls come from; ly impressed with his likeness to -it being difficult at times to where they go, and how; where Christ. This likeness included distinguish between the two. His they sleep and eat; their renot only his Eastern dress and great ambition was to carry the ligious life and standards; their general Oriental appearance but Gospel into Tibet, the closed conversations and sex life. What his quiet self-control, his peace- land, and several times he jour- can be done about it? Unfortuful demeanor, his strength of neyed thither. On his last jour- nately they don't like missions. character, his sacrificial service ney, in 1929, at the age of 34, These boys and girls will not be to any and all who needed his he disappeared and his death is taken in C.C.C. camps and are help, his constant witness to God generally accepted but he has not on relief lists. They need to and the love which drew children left an abiding heritage to the be rescued and put into homes and others to his side. C. F. Christian Church. for their own sake and for the Andrews knew Sundar Singh in- This biographical sketch and sake of humanity before they go timately and is a kindred spirit. interpretation is well worth on spreading moral and physi- In these personal memoirs Mr. reading. It reveals what may cal disease and death. They con- Andrews describes his own con- happen when Christ takes pos- stitute a social evil that will tacts and conversations with the session of an Indian soul. spread if it is not remedied.

Sadhu; he tells of his devotion Boy and Girl Tramps of America. By Navaholand and Zunitown. A Reto Christ and the deathless beau- Thomas Minehan. Illus. 8 vo. 267 port of Christian Reformed Misty and strength of his character. pp. $2.50. Farrar and Rinehart. sions. Htmry Beets. 25 cents.

"Sundar Singh," he writes, "by New York. 1934. Grand Rapids Printing Co. Michihig creative personality, set for- Depression-financial, domes- gan. 1934.

ward a true type for Indian tic and moral-is responsible for This is a story of work among Christians to follow." India many ills, one of the worst of the Indians of New Mexico and would be a new land and the which is its influence on boys Arizona-a work nearly forty Indian Church a nearly ideal and girls. This description of years old and showing much en- church if the devotion, the char- life among vagabond boys and couraging fruitage. There are acter, the spirit that dominated girls is by a young professor schools and hospitals, churches the Sadhu, prevailed in that land from the University of Minne- and Christian homes. These and church. sota who lived among them, dis- brief sketches reveal the power Here is a fascinating, stimu- guised, for three years. The of Christ to transform life so lating biography for anyone to story he tells is shocking, heart- that the good Indians are alive read. The story is simply and rending. Not all the boys and not dead.

New Chain-Reference Bible. But, however mixed their blood, religious leadership, and what a

Compiled and edited by Frank group of Baptists are doing at Charles Thompson. 12 maps. 8 Vo. the culture has become largely Clear Creek Mountain ~prmgs VarlOus styles and prices. B. B. English and most of the de- to help train the mountam Kirkbride Bible Co. Indianapolis. nommations represented were brought over by the ~nglish. preachers. 1934.

The Bible is still the "best Three outstanding characterIs- Dr. Dunn's chapter on "Misseller" in the world and has been tics of the pIOneers stiH prevail sionary and Phi I ant h r 0 pic for at least a century. There in great degree-individuallsm, Schools" is full of informatlOn are translations, editions, anno- emotional instability, and reH- essential to a thorough knowltations, notes and styles almost ance on natural ablllty unaided edge of this phase of the mounwithout number, and the added by special training. The book tain work. If one wishes a commaterial varies greatly in prac- gIves a hIstory of the rise of de- pendium of information about tical value. This Chain-Refer- nominatIOnal1sm and shows that, the religious and educatlOnal ence Bible has many unique and on account of the individuallsm conditions of the mountams, the useful features for Bible stu- of the people, the SImple democ- changes now taking place, and dents-particularly for begin- racy of the l:Saptist Churches be- the many problems facing the ners in deeper study and for came popular and has held the mountain workers, this bOOK will parents and teachers. It is based ascenaency. 'l'he uneducated be a great help. L. C. KELLY. on the King James Version, has preacher and his emotIOnal1sm a self-pronouncing text, good proauced persecution in Virgmia New Books print and I eat her binding. but resulted in granting freedom Among the special features are of worshIp to all. American Family. Faith Baldwin. the chain references by which a The chIef elements in the re- 388 pp. $2. Farrar & Rinehart. subject can be followed through ligious inheritance of the High- New York. the entire Bible. There are also The Christian Fact and Modern lanaers are a strong belief in the Doubt. Geo. A. Buttrick. 301 pp. an analysis of the different real1ty and importance of re- $2.50. Scribners. New York. books, an outline study of Bible liglOn, a fear of the l(.oman Cath- A Christian Manifesto. Edwin Lewis. characters, pictorial maps and 245 pp. $2.00. Abingdon Press. charts, a general index, a text 01lC vhurch, a distrust of all New York. forms or symbols (as being encylopedia, Bible readings, out- Christ and the Congo. Findings of line studies, Bible harmonies, a associated with the Catholic Conferences Held by Dr. John R. Church) , reverence for the Mott. 68 pp. 2s. 1. M. C. London. concordance and atlas. Bound words of the Bible, and a belief with it is Dr. Thompson's own in the supreme importance of Forward in Western China. E. S. system of Bible study with sug- personal salvation. Stewart. 75 pp. lB. C. M. S. Longestions as to the analytical study, the synthetic study, chap- Isolation, poverty, overpopu- don. ter, topical and verse studies. This is the result of thirty-one lation, bad health conditions, and God's Unspeakable Gift. H. A. Ironyears of careful, reverent labor. sides. 192 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & It is adapted to all classes and the slow development of schools Inglis. Glasgow. will be found especially useful are discussed. Lack of social to missionaries, young pastors organizations, the inferior posi- His Book or Structure in Scripture. Norman B. Harrison. 111 pp. 75 and Sunday school teachers. tion of women, and pioneer eth- cents. B. 1. C. A. Chicago. ics are discriminatingly pointed Is He Not Able? Edith F. Norton. out. The report of a funeral ser- 147 pp. $1.00. Bible Institute Col- mon is included in a graphic portage Association, Chicago.

Religion in the Highlands. By Eliza- picture of the preaching of a Ploughed Under. Amy Carmichael. beth R. Hooker. With a section on primitive preacher. The anti- 28. 6d. Illus. 156 pp. S. P. C. K. Missionary and Philanthropic mission and sectarian spirit of London. Schools. By Fannie W. Dunn. 319 pp. $1.00. Home Missions Coun- certain sections are well defined. Race and Economics in South Africa. cil, New York, 1933. The Northeastern Cumberland W. G. Ballinger. 67 pp. 18. 6d.

We are here given an insight Plateau, which comprises much Sun Yat-Sen-His Life and Its Mean- of Eastern Kentucky and some ing. Lyon Sharman. $3.50. 418 to the mountain life and moun- pp. John Day Co. New York. tain problems educationally, and of West Virginia, is shown to be That Strange Man Upon the Cross. religiously. Miss Hooker's divi- the most destitute educationally Richard Roberts. 137 pp. $1.25. sion of the territory of the south- and religiously of all the moun- Abingdon Press. New York.

ern mountains into the North- tain sections. Because of this The Tiger Tamed. R. H. Boyd. 208 western Cumberland Plateau, destitution it has become the fo- pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- the Northeastern Cumberland cal center of many people who don. Plateau, the Allegheny Plateau, seek to help the people religious- Unto the Skies. Lilian G. Carleton. the Blue Ridge, the Central ly, educationally, and otherwise. 210 pp. 38. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Ridges, and the Central Valleys, The book gives a fine discussion London. shows a true insight to the great on church houses, missionary Ways of Praying. Muriel Lester. 32 agencies, denominational and in- pp. 35 cents. Cokesbury Press. differences between mountain Nashville. people and their varied prob- dependent schools. It is the only lems. The ancestors of these Word Studies in the Old Testament. people were largely of German, book we know that discusses im- Vol.!. B. A. M. Schapiro. 28 pp. partially the uneducated moun- 50 cents. Hebrew-Christian Pub. English and Scotch Irish stocks. tain preacher, the problem of Society. New York.

—A PROBLEM OR A

HERE IS A CHALLENGE TO YOU I Will you help to spread international understanding and brotherhood?

Dr. Charles W. Iglehart, who has been a missionary in Japan for twenty-Five years, sees the problem presented to Asia and to America. He also sees the challenge and the present opportunity.

Will YOU accept the challenge and make use of the opportunity? HOW? Send for copies of Dr. Iglehart's leaflet and distribute them in your church, your club, your social circle. It is d stirring picture that Dr. Iglehart draws—one to hold the attention and stir to action—useful Cpristian dction. Send 2 cents for a sample leaflet. Then send $1.00 for a hundred more. An American layman was so stirred by this message from Dr. Inglehart that he provided for the publication of a limited number of these leaFiets—with the conFident hope that you will help distribute them.

cSend to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1S6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AGENTS WANTED CUTS FOR SALE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Excellent halftone plates and line cuts (undam- can be sold in quantities to aged) used in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW every Missionary Society. It fur- during the past two years. nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and For sale at one-third the cost. These are val- discussion groups. Why not act uable for loccill or denominational papers. Vivid as our Agent in your church or pictures of life all over the world. community? You can advance the cause of Foreign MisSions, Americ:an Highlands and at the same time can earn Americ:an Indians Afric:ans—Heathen and Christian A Liberal Commission China···Old and New Japan and. Korea • India's Idols and Christians Results in Moslem Lands Address.–Circ:ulation Manager Savages and Saints The Pacific Islanders The Missionary Review of the World • Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. c8enCi to The Missionary Review of the World Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1931

rrzg'Old Hilly

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For further details address: Actual Record. on Both Routes by the "Empress of Japan" 14'. W. Ehnes, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 BehYeen Yokohama and Vlc::torla • _•• Fifth Avenue, New York, or Dll'ec::t Empress: ':I days. ZO hr.. 16 min. VI. Honolulu: 10 days, 18 hr•• Z7 min. W. :t. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Misstons and Church Extension of the Methodist "Empress" Tourist Cabin offers new spacious- Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadel- ness, new comfort at attractive rates. You phia. Pa. enjoy varied, tasty cuisine, "of-the-Orient" service •.. you have a pleasant mode of living. EARN MONEY QUICKLY. EASILY Luxurious First Class, if you prefer … also an unusually fine Third Cabin. Sell Christmas and Every Day Information; rates and reservations from your GREETING CARDS own agent or Canadian Pacific: New York, Chicago, Montreal and 32 other cities in U. S_ Attractive cards with Christian sentiments, and Canada. many with Bible Texts. Cards you will be glad to offer to your friends. They sell when shown.

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CANADIAN OBITUARY PACIFIC •••••••• TO TIlE BISHOP WILLIAM BENJAMIN BEAU- World'. OG…..R… T.i…£…. n.,….r.. CHAMP, president of the Board of Missions and Superintendent of the Tenth Episcopal District of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, died June 28th.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REV'IEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA of Japan is in America and his engagements are as fol- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor lows: From July 27th to August 9th he was attending Y. M. C. A. conferences in CONTENTS-September, 1931 Toronto and Cleveland. August 10th-12th he was in Chicago, Ill., at the Divinity SPECIAL HOME MISSION NUMBER School, University of Chicago; Septem- ber 1st-7th he is booked for the Earl Page Lectures, Pacific School of Religion, MAP-FRONTISPIECE …….•……. Berkeley, California; September 8th- 12th he will be at Oakland, Calif., at "'VHERE THE UNCHURCHED A1IER]~ Mills College, and September 16th-20th CANS LIVE,l' in Portland, Ore., at Reed College. On September 26th-28th he goes to Oberlin, RELIGION IN AMERICA – WHITHER? Ohio, to give three lectures in the Grad- uate School of Theology and October Sth- ••……..••••• HU(}H rTnOhlAS KERR 645 10th he is to give the Shaffer Lectures at the Yale Divinity School. Then, Oc- HOW A CITY WAS EVANGELIZED …. tober 14th-16th, he returns to Toronto, •••••••••••• SAMUEf. SHOEMAKER, JR. 651 Canada, to lecture under the joint aus- pices of School of Missions and Foreigu EVANGELIZING YOUNG MEN OF DUB- Mission Boards. LIN ••••••…••.• REGINAI,D WALLIS 657 *** THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS .•••••..•……… E. D. KOHLSTEDT 661 PROFESSOR W. C. WILLOUGHBY of the Kennedy School of Missions, Hartford, WHERE ARE THE UNCHURCHED Connecticut, has retired from work in the AMERICANS? ……………… . school and returned to England with ……•••.••. E],]ZAnETH R. HOOKER 667 Mrs. Willoughby. He has rendered a distinguished service to Africa and to UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN HOME MIS- the missionary enterprise during his SIONS …•. , .• HERMANN N. MORSE 673 twelve years as Professor of Missions in Africa. The Trustees of the Foundation HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY granted him the degree of S.T.D., and CHURCH GONE? •.• MALCOLM DANA 679 made him professor emeritus.

CAN AMERICA ENDURE WITHOUT RE- LIGION? …..•••. JOHN McDow",,!, 6R4 AMERICA AS SEEN BY AN ORIENTAL ••..•…••..••.•••…••. PAUl, AUH 687 METHODS F'OR WORKERS ………. . PROFESSOR ANDREW F. HENSEY, who …………… MRs. F. 1. JOHNSON 690 has recently returned from the Belgian Congo, has taken up the work of Prof. WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL- Willoughby in the Kennedy School of LETIN . . . . . . . . • . EDITED BY HELEN Missions. He was formerly a member M. BRICKMAN AND Fr,oRENCE TYLER 692 of faculty of the College of Missions in Indianapolis and is a member of the WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK •••.••.••… 698 Royal Belgian Commission for the Pro- tection of Natives in the Congo. Recently BOOKS WORTH READING .•…..•..• 713 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Geo- graphic Society. TERMs'-$2.50 II year. ($2.00 In clubs of five.) Foreiga postage, 50 cents. Single copies, *** 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM· CARLTON M. SHERWOOD is new General PANY, INC. All rights reserved. Secretary of the International Society of Christian Endeavor, elected at the Gold- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING en Jubilee Convention, San Francisco, 'in COMPANY, INc. which ten thousand young delegates par- ticipated. President Daniel A. Poling ROBlDllT E. SPEER., President called Mr. Sherwood "the field marshal WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre8ldent of a new advance," for the enlarging program of this Christian youth move- DJ:LAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ment. Goals in evangelism, worship, W ALTIIIQ ~IcDoUGALJ., Treasurer membership, tithing, Christian citizen- Publication Omce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, ship, church unity, and world peace form Pa. 2Gc a copy. $2.50 a year. the basis of the new program of 80,000 societies in the churches of more than Editorial and Business Omee, 1M Fifth Avenue, 80 denominations. Mr. Sherwood is a native of Buffalo, N. Yo, and became New York City president of the Christian Endeavor Union of that city at the age of eighteen. Entered as Becond~clnsB matter a.t the Post He served actively on three fronts in the . Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March World War and upon the signing of the ·S, 1879. armistice became reli~ious work director at Flag Hut, Brest, France. On returning to the United States, he was for CHARLES G. HURLBURT, of the Unevanseven years general secretary of the New gelized Africa Mission, died March 21st. York State Christian Endeavor Union. He was taken ill in French Equatorial Africa, was brought to Aba Station and *** from there to the South Congo where he died. MRS. BURL T. SCHUYLER, M.D., a medical missionary of the Presbyterian *** Church to Ambala, India, has been THE REV. JOHN HUNTER STEARNS, awarded the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal member of the Council of the Inland in recognition of her outstanding medical South America Missionary Union, died at Torrington, Conn., in May. He was work in India, especially the leper asy- also connected with the National Bible lum in Ambala. . Institute.

*** * ** ROBERT E. LEWIS, for many years gen- THE REV. GEORGE S. MINER, D.D., reeral secretary of the Cleveland Y. M. tired missionary of the Methodist Board C. A., is sailing for China in September, who had spent 37 years in China, died where he will become personal adviser to the Chinese minister of foreign affairs, .. .. . July 3d, at Houston, Texas. Dr. C. T. Wang. Mr. Lewis served in China for years as secretary of the inter- MRS. ADAM J. MARTIN, a Presbyterian national committee of the Y. M. C. A. missionary located at Burity, Brazil, died During his secretaryship a young Chi- June 26th while on furlough to this coun- try. Mrs. Martin went to Brazil in 1918, nese returned from Yale with a Ph.D., and was engaged in educational work at the Presbyterian Mission Farm School. and entered the service of the Y. Within a few years he was general secretary for >I< .. .. China. Later, he entered government service. Today he is foreign minister. DR. RUTH PEABODY HUME, who had Thus Dr. Lewis, who retired from active served as a medical missionary in India service in the Y two years ago, goes for twenty-six years, died June 3d in New Haven. She was sixty years old, a back to China to advise the same Chinese descendant of missionaries for two genwhom he inducted into his career early erations on both sides of her family. She in the century. China will be well served was a daughter of the famous Dr. Robert by the new adviser. A. Hume and was born in Ahmednagar, India, in a house built by her grand- *** father, the Rev. Ebenezer Burgess. Dr. Hume was a graduate and representative THE REV. C. M. LACEY SITES, Meth- of Wellesley College and was director of odist missionary at Kutien, Fukien, the American Hospital for Women and Children in Ahmednagar, under the China, was captured by bandits on July American Board of Foreign Missions. 12th and released July 16th, upon representations by the U. S. Department of State.

*** DR. ARTHUR HENRY LIMOUZE, pastor COMING EVENTS of Northminster Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio, has been elected to the September 9-14-NATIONAL B APT 1ST position of Secretary for Promotion of CONVENTION, Atlanta, Ga. the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, an office left vacant by the death September 16-N A T ION A L COUNCIL, of Dr. Robert S. Donaldson last Febru- PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ary. Dr. Limouze takes up his new Denver, Colo. duties September first.

*** September 23-24-COMMITTEE OF REFER- ENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- DR. ADELAIDE WOODARD, missionary of SIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERthe Presbyterian Church at Fatehgarh, ICA, New York, N. Y. India, has been given the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal in recognition of her serv- September 28-30-INTERDENOMINATIONices. Dr. Woodard has long been on the AL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, conducted missionary field and she is the physician by the Philadelphia Federation of in charge of the Memorial Hospital at Churches and the Women's Interde- Fatehgarh. nominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadelphia, Pa. OBITUARY NOTES October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- THE REV. JACOB L. HARTZELL, Presby- TION OF DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wichterian missionary from Prae, Siam, died ita, Kan. in the Presbyterian Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pa., on June 14th, while on fur- November 15 – AN INTERDENOMINAlough. Mr. Hartzell went to the field in 1912, and engaged in evangelistic work TIONAL MEETING OF MEN TO COMin Prae, Nan and Lampang. At Lam- MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANpang he was principal of the mission Boys' School NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church'

New York. ' ~ Old Level Are•• _ Grazing Regions _ Mountain Sections ~ Cut-over Districts ~ Dry-Farming Regions Us ed in uHi nterlana8 oj the Ohuf'ch/J by EUzGbcth R. Hooker.

SOME OF THE REGIONS WHERE THE "UNCHURCHED AMERICANS" LIVE

LIV, No.9 September

RELIGION IN AMERICA-WHITHER?

BY THE REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Former Moderator of the Prcsbyteria,n Church in the U. S. A-.

PROBABLY the C h r i s t ian realm of science or industry. We Church is more vital, more have produced no great school of influential in America than in theology. Here we follow rather any other part of the world and than lead. Weare still looking yet nowhere does it so much reflect across the seas for light and leadage-old traditions and hark back ing. to ancient inheritance. The Roman Catholic Church looks across It is impossible, moreover, to the sea to Rome. The Protestant think of religion in terms of na- Episcopal Church has its eyes to- tionality. The tides of truth and wards Canterbury, and what is error wash the shores of all nations done at Lambeth finds a response and know no tariff or racial barin every American diocese. Prot- rier. The currents of religious inestantism has its roots in Germany terest and apathy sweep around and Geneva. Presbyterianism fol- the world and there is as much lows the star that arose over difference between situations in Switzerland and Scotland. In a different countries as there is bereal sense the trends of religion in tween sections within the same America were largely determined nation. What is true of religion in long ago and in other lands. America is also true in England and Australia, in China and Cana- Nevertheless North America has da. Four distinct trends in the restamped religion with her own ligious life of America may, howspirit. Its creeds and customs re- ever, be suggested. flect the interpretation of the Scriptures in other lands and other I ages but a new direction has been given to religious activities and A spirit of restlessness charac- America has discovered new appli- terizes our American religious life. cations of the everlasting Gospel. Here religion has the stamp of A recent writer has said that American efficiency, American or- there is in all our life today "a ganization, American publicity, secret and subtle sense of ill-ad- American initiative. Perhaps it justment." This sense of ill-adjustwould be within the truth to say ment is seen in the restlessness of that we have not made the exten- all classes of our social order and sive contribution to reI i g i 0 U s in the irritability which has come thought that we have made in the upon rich and poor. In the words of General Smuts "Humanity has struck its tents and is on the 645

march." We are not sure where any change will reach and remedy the we are going. Neither are we sure unrest among our ministry, unless we would know the goal if we there be a fresh recognition of certain reached it. basic facts. Ours is a ministry of holy things. There it! no place in it for a This restlessness characterizes the ministry of the Church today man who seeks merely temporal rein a marked degree. It is not nec- wards. He who desires fortune or essary to champion the cause of ease or fame should take some other long pastorates in order to find a path. But to the minister of Christ it is given to walk in the way they opened substitute for ministerial unrest who walked with Him in Galilee. To for it is quite possible to have a such a minister it is given to warn series of short pastorates and to sinners, to comfort saints, to preach the acceptable year of the Lord. There possess a quiet heart and a restful are some ancient words of our Consoul. It is not necessary either to fession of which we who bear the decry the low financial return and office of Christ's ministers need often economic pressure under which to be reminded: "The grace of faith, ministers labor for it has been whereby the elect are enabled to beproved beyond a doubt that rest- lieve to the saving of their souls, is the lessness in the ministry does not work of the Spirit of Christ in their spring from this source. A leading hearts, and is ordinarily wrought by and clear thinking Bishop of the the ministry of the Word: by which Episcopal Church stated recently also and by the administration of the Sacraments and prayer, it is increa·sed that in his diocese with 124 clergy and strengthened." This is our holy only eleven are stilI at work in work, this is our high privilege, this ministry of the Word by which faith their parishes after a period of is born and built up. If it must be twelve years. In a Presbytery of done with difficulty, we can remember 29 churches only one minister re- that He also found difficulty. If it be mains at his task after a period of poorly recompensed, neither did He ten years.

The cause of this unrest must be have at times where to lay His head.

sought ben eat h the surface. The King's Highway of the Holy Cross Thomas Carlyle said, "Blessed is is not a smooth road and easily travthe man who has found his work." eled, but it leads to an assured end. If this is true of the ordinary daily toiler, how inestimably true it is of And the further fact is that difthe minister of the Gospel. It is ficulties often fade as a man resolutely faces his task in prayer and reliance the work that rejoices the heart on the Spirit. Some of us can look and feeds the spirit and not the back and wonder why we wanted to locality where that work is done. This spirit of unrest can only be change just then. By staying on pa- tiently we won that victory for Christ. Perhaps if we keep these things in understood when we interpret the mind there will be less need for the motives which draw men into the machinery we today devise. And there will be longer pastorates that shape ministry and keep them there. At through continuous years the life of a the recent General Assembly of the community for Christ and the things Presbyterian Church in the U. S. of His Kingdom." A., after an exhaustive examina- tion of this perplexing subject, the The spirit of unrest which char- report cqncluded with these arrest- acterizes the clergy lays hold also ing words: upon the Church itself. There We do not believe that any plan or never was an age when the words

RELIGION IN AMERICA-WHITHER?

of Jesus were more needed, "Come ric or'the life of the people, should unto me and I will give you rest." reflect the thought and spirit of Church people today want to be in- that people. This has always been terested. They want to be thrilled. true. The creeds of Christendom They crave in the Church the same reflect the thinking of the age in excitement they seek out in the which they were fashioned.The- world. Young people miss some- ology has always been colored by thing. They look on as those who the light and shade of the day are spectators. If the service does when the outline was drawn. Re- not sparkle, they tire. They are ligion cannot be an affair of the onlookers. They do not participate. cloister. It belongs in the arena.

They do not seek the discipline of We cannot build "a lordly pleasure- silence but the delight that comes house, wherein at ease for aye to through surprise, the thrill of dwell." If a choice must be made music, the rhythm of words. What between a religion that is in touch is required is a true appreciation with the newspapers and one that all of what religion means and of gets its inspiration from dead lan- what worship is. Not long since guages, let us by means choose at a great and impressive religious that which is in touch with life.

gathering the audience of over It is not, however, a choice be- three thousand paused for a period tween extremes, and there is little of devotion. The service of wor- danger that we will go to the dead ship was beautifully arranged with languages for our thinking. There song and responses, Scripture and is, however, great danger in taking printed prayer, all set out in a fine our religious convictions from the order of ritual. But in every min- newspapers. A newspaper is a ute of it there was activity and business enterprise and is not an there was evidenced a spirit of re- authoritative, ethical guide. It re- pressed restlessness. At the close flects public opinion and sometimes a lovely voice began to sing the public opinion of a very low order.

words, "0 rest in the Lord. Wait Public opinion, far from being the patiently for Him." The audience voice of God, may be the echo of at first was indifferent, then ar- the mob. The message of God rested, then captured, then it sur- often comes through a voice crying rendered and was quiet and in a in the wilderness.

deep hush the music ended, "0 rest We have frequent illustrations in the Lord. . Wait patiently for of this hysteria of imitation. Eu- Him and He will give thee thy genic societies and reform organi- heart's desire." The Spirit of God zations begin a pUblicity campaign had done His work and restless- about "birth control" Qr "compan- ness, like a bird of prey, took ionate marriage" and immediately wings. Religion will do its best the Church throws upon those sub- work for America when it brings jects the spotlight of debate and quietness to the troubled souls. controversy. Pastors organize fo- H rums for discussion and Church bodies issue deliverances and when The religious life of America re- they cease to become a newspaper flects rather than directs the con- novelty then religion loses interest science of our social order. in them. In the same way we have It is inevitable that religion, had a tidal flood of sermons and which is woven into the very fab- essays reflecting the confusion in

which psychology finds itself until versatile, more vital in America the vocabulary of some preachers than it has ever been. Even stais so weighed with words and tistics are on the side of the phrases that smell of the labora- Church. Its membership keeps tory that even an educated man pace with the tremendous growth who is not a specialist is lost in the of our population. Its money infog. One who has recently gradu- creases from year to year. The ated in the new Psychology or in 232,000 churches of America com- Religious Education considers the pare favorably with the 256,000 theologically trained minister in- public school buildings and the ancapable of understanding what re- nual Church expenditure is 4070 ligion is all about. In a recent ar- as large as the expenditure of all ticle a journalist in passing judg- our public school system. Across ment upon this. craze for modern- the continent new houses of wority says, ship are being built, drawn from plans prepared by the best archi- Publicity has become such an integral part of a minister's training that tects money can secure.* recently, when the Congregationalists, Presbyterians and the Greater New Nevertheless it must be admitted York Federation of Churches passed that there is an increase in the resolutions in the latter part of the number of good people who play week asking for an investigation of fast and loose with their Church New Y.ork City, a dozen ministers obligations. The evening service in changed their sermon subjects over- many churches has been brought night to the problem of "Civic Cor- to an ignominious conclusion. In ruption." many city areas the evening serv- ices in separate churches have been A great philosopher has said, abandoned for union services and "Religion is what we do with our even these union services require solitude" and in a real sense it stimulation. The summer services may be said that religion is at its in many churches, especially in the best when it stands apart and cities, are attended by a minority alone. It looks out from a watch- and the difficulty of obtaining outtower, it proclaims a Gospel, it standing preachers dUring the heralds the corning of a King, it summer season grows year by does not reflect public opinion, it year. We must not forget, howmoulds the thought of men and na- ever, that all through the land extions. It does not rehearse what traordinary services are being held men say, it issues a mandate. It which are crowded with Church does not get its commission from people from all parts of the counindustry or economics or sociology, try. It would seem, however, to be its commission comes from the a fair judgment to say that there Risen Lord. is an increasing irregularity of Church attendance on the part of III Church people themselves. Some- one has said, "There are as many The religious life of America is people going to church today as halting between two opinions con- used to want to go." There may cerning the Christia.n Church. °If there is any doubt on the subject the This is the paradox that char- doubter is recommended to look into a little acterizes modern religion. The volume entitled "The United States Looks at Church is more vigorous, more Its Churches," by C. Luther Fry, for evidence.

be truth in this half humorous de- know, except with a few extreme peofense, for the day of hypocrisy is at ple-very few now-there is no differan end and those who go to Church ence between the Church and the now go because they want to go. world; they are all eating and drink- ing on Sunday, and the younger people Certain influences have been op- are growing up without the fear of erating in the cultivation of this God. We shall have to cease preaching irregularity. It is not possible to on many subjects which are intereststate definitely what the influence ing and profitable, and devote ourselves of the radio has been. It has, how- to the elementary facts and appeals of ever, had some influence. Any in- religion. The Puritans made huge fluence, however, which it has had mistakes for which we paid at the in decreasing church attendance Restoration, but too much has been has been more than counterbal- made of those mistakes. The idea that anced by the good that has come in all Puritans were Philistines and faintroducing religion to man y natics is a vulgar error. John Milton homes that have had no part in the seems to me quite as great a man of church life of the nation. There is letters as any of our tootling little more, however, to be said concern- poets and dirty story-tellers who are ing the secularization which has soaked in debt and drink, and Colonel taken place· in regard to the ob- Hutchinson was as fine a gentleman as servance of Sunday. There have the peers who sponged on Hooley. been increasing inroads made upon the Day of Rest and the week-end IV habit has broken up the age-old customs of home and family life to There is a trend in the religious the detriment of church attend- life of America which is supremely ance. hopeful.

These changes have been going It is the note of spiritual exon for more than a generation. pectancy which one finds on every The War accelerated them. Thirty hand. We move forward like the years ago Dr. John Watson (Ian tide. If the tide is at the ebb then Maclaren), who knew life better we can have a feeling of confidence than most men said, that it will soon turn to flood again. This has been the history I am deeply concerned every day of the Christian Church. Religion about the life of pleasure and want of has always been characterized by seriousness among the young people a forward and a backward moveof our richer classes. They are read- ment. The history of the Christian ing nothing except the worst fiction. Church has passed through rhyth- They are "'pending their whole spare mic periods of depression. The time in pleasure, which is growing present era is different from many more doubtful every day. Sundayeve- such periods in the past because of ning is given to dinners and suppers, the fact that our age is conscious and the moral tone is getting very of its need and is openly chamlow. Things come under my notice as pioning the supremacy of spiritual a minister which would give any man values. cause for serious thought. It appears to me that if society is to be saved, Certain things have contributed and if the Church in especial is to do towards this recall of the Church her proper work, there must be a re- to the supreme things of the spirit. turn to the great Puritan idea of sepa- First of all there is upon the ration from the world. So far as I Church a sense of weariness, grow-

ing out of the mechanical era what we wait for in America and through which the Church has in the mission field, is firsthand passed since the War. It has been evidence that the Gospel is still a period of organization of effi- the power of God unto salvation.

ciency, of publicity, and above all of The crux of the conflict in which the raising of quotas and budgets. religion finds itself today may In the second place the con- be told in a story. A generation sciousness of w hat President ago Charles Bradlaugh was mak- Hoover called "a subsidence in the ing an attack upon Christianity moral foundations of the nation" in England and challenged Hugh has recalled religious people to ele- Price Hughes, who was preach- mental realities. It is not possible ing the Gospel and at the same to build the Kingdom of God upon time serving as a member of the legislation, no matter how neces- British Parliament, to debate with sary and beneficial that legislation him the truth of the Christian may be. When we have abolished faith. The challenge was immedi- the liquor traffic, done away with ately accepted and accepted in racial hatred, and eliminated war, these words, "The courts, as a rule, there is something else that is in rendering their verdicts, do not needed for it' will still remain true rely solely upon the arguments of that "Out of the heart are the the attorneys on either side. They issues of life." carefully scrutinize the evidence In the third place we have had offered by those who have first- time to gain a balanced judgment hand kilOwledge of the facts. I concerning Religious Education. will bring with me to the debate Religious Education scientifically that night, as evidence of the truth interpreted and pedagogically ap- and power of the Christian faith, plied cannot direct the conscience one hundred men and women who or inspire the soul. It is still true have been saved from lives of sin that except a man or a child "be by the Gospel of Christ. They will born again he cannot see the King- give their evidence and you will dom of God." be allowed to cross-examine them.

Other influences have been at I will ask that you bring with you work and have contributed their one hundred men and women who share in driving home the truth have been similarly helped by the expressed by Canon Streeter that gospel of infidelity which you "Nothing but the sober determina- preach." The debate was aban- tion, the quickened insight and the doned. The agnostic had no evi- disinterested devotion, due to the dence. The Christian had evidence.

permeation of society by some Evidence is never on the defensive, great and creative spiritual force, it is always aggressive, and when can avail to meet the situation. the spiritual expectancy which Veni Creator Spiritus. In those characterizes the Church today who really believe in God the ur- passes from hope to reality then gency of the need begets a pre- it will be said of the critics as was sumption that it will be met." said at the beginning: What is needed today is evi- "Seeing the man that was healed dence. When evidence comes, apol- standing with them, they could say ogetics becomes unnecessary and nothing against him."

A CITY WAS

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. SHOEMAKER, JR.

Reotor oj Oa!varll Oh,woh, New .York Oitll M OST of our religious speak- It would be so easy to take a sub- ing and writing is an ex- ject like the one suggested to me by cursion into the desirable. the Editor of THE REVIEW, and to We let our minds play upon what deal with it on paper. All of us might be if all were ideal. We have can see, with the eye of untested got our people in the way of con- imagination, a round-table confer- fusing the desire for the ideal, with ence of the religious eminent, con- the building of it into life. There cerned for the state of religion, and are preachers who expound the coming together to lay great plans most noble truth on Sunday morn- for a city. Most of the churches ings, but are so inured to this cli- are represented. There is prayer mate of the unreal that they can and talk. Some look skeptical; go against their own teaching with- others are enthusiastic. A "plan"

in twenty-four hours and never is proposed. "Dr. Somebody from know they h~lVe done it! Hundreds the Tabernacle of Somewhere is a of them confuse sympathy for the great spiritual force; let us get evangelical point of view with him in for two weeks of great working evangelism; t~y know union services, and all forget our little of the painful progress of differences and combine to help persuasion which must take place him." There will be much public- in the lives of their people if the ity-pamphlets describing the aim admirable sentiments of the pUlpit of the mission, newspaper articles, are to become the sober programme surveys which unearth yet more of the pews. Many preachers are appalling facts as to our general frankly afraid to tackle personal American godlessness.

human problems, and to get the ob- Most preachers past fifty have structions out of the way. It is so sat on committees like that more much easier to have people say that times than one. The plan was car- they like what you said, when you ried out. A few were reached. The were talking in the absence of dis- city as a whole was unmoved. The agreeable and resisting facts, than taste lef~ in people's mouths was it is to persuade them to root those unpleasant, not because of tub- facts out, or reinterpret them in thumping methods or emotional- the light of a profounder experi- ism, but because the whole affair ence of Christ. All the complicated, did not get to first base with the difficult period of conviction of sin, people who most needed to be of criticism and fault-finding, of reached. The past twenty years are uneasy swinging between two op- strewn with the wreckage of inef- posite ideals of life, lie right in this fectual religious movements. They area of personal persuasion to began in a committee, continued in adopt the ideal, as over against lis- a campaign, and ended in a col- tening to it and being lapped in the lapse.

soft airs of its imaginary realiza- I am going as far as possible tion. from this airy evangelism, and tell 651

the actual story of how a city was pIe whom they were not reaching evangelized by a group of people. and drew them in.

And first I must say something Six months later came an invitaof the preparation. It was not by tion to bring a large team, and cottage prayer-meetings, or whoop- quietly, guidedly honeycomb that ing-it-up for an evangelist who was expected. It began in an individ- city for Christ. There was much ual. Three years ago a young Bap- prayer. There had been guidance tist business man went to the ordi- that it was the right time. The innation of a man who had found his vitation was sent to people far enough along to take real leaderspiritual life in the work of A First Century Christian Fellowship, or ship. Ninety of them came. They ranged from wealthy society people the Oxford Group as it is called overseas. The business man was to tradesmen and students. There was a Scotch woman who had run intrigued by the kind of life he saw in this minister and his for Parliament at home and who friends. He accepted this fuller had travelled to America for this interpretation of Christ for him- series of meetings; and an Oxford self. It carried him into the min- student. There was a distinguished istry. Presbyterian minister, for many years a missionary in China. There While he was at the theological was a young married couple from seminary, he made known to a few Rhode Island whose lives and home strategic people what had hap- had been completely changed by the pened to him to take him out of message three years before. There business and into the ministry. He was a young Episcopal clergyman worked by rightly-directed per- who had a perfect genius for win- sonal witness. And when a suffi- ning the confidence of boys and ciently large number of interested helping them to understand how people had been seen, he suggested Christ could help them with their that the group of spiritual friends problems. There was a New York who had so inspired him, might woman with a European title, send representatives to tell these whose whole existence had been re- interested people what they had made through finding that an old told him. Very quietly a dozen peo- friend of her husband had been ple were brought from seven or brought to Christ through the Fel- eight other cities-not all parsons, lowship. Pentecost saw no motlier not professional evangelistS-most- crowd in its human composition, ly lay people, mostly ·young. For and they met "with one accord in ten days they stayed in different one place." Each had somewhere houses, living out in their relation- been brought to a decision for ships the 'meaning of life surren- Jesus Christ in surrender, carried dered to Christ and guided by His through the early stages of learn- Holy Spirit. There were small ing to live by guidance from God, gatherings, quite informal, meet- helped to win others for Christ, ing at houses or churches. Several and learned the price and the ne- hundred people were touched; their cessity of full sharing fellowship sympathy and interest we r e with like-minded Christians. This aroused. The churches began to get means that there were ninety peo- wind of it. It reached a few peo- ple ready to function like a phalanx

HOW A CITY WAS EVANGELIZED

under God's Holy Spirit. There ties. Anyone could have dropped was a human leader, but he could out of this affair, and it would have not possibly have carried the de- gone along just as well. Here a tails of all the hours in the day of growing number of ordinary men all the workers who were there. and women of all ages and every Yct there was not a single bit of in- walk of life, are being raised up to dividual sharpshooting; we worked do a mighty work for God in this almost like one person, because generation. Some of us have a unity was there at the beginning. deep-rooted conviction that all the Noiselessly the members of this rich colors of original Christianity group slipped into town by train can not be shown to this age and motor. A church sexton in New York took several in his car, through the prism of one person- ality, but only through the complex and witnessed with great power in of a group of people with "a diverthe meetings. Some were quartered sity of gifts but the same spirit." with families; some stayed in ho- The logic of this is that one-man tels. There were daily groups for evangelism is at an end for the special interests: one for business time, and the new emphasis must men, one for women, one for girls, be upon a welded, sharing, guided one for boys, one for younger mar- group functioning unitedly.

ried women, one for ministers; Finance and Follow-up each was led by someone belonging How is work like this financed? in the group. There was daily Bible We believe simply that where God study. In the evenings we gathered guides He provides. If we were for a united meeting. This began really guided to have this mission, with 300 and ended with 2,500. then He was sure to take charge of The theme was not preaching nor the funds. Much of the money exhorting-just simple individual came from the leaders who travwitness to what Christ had done. elled at their own charges: and we As a result family tangles were un- need much more imagination about snarled; personal problems were expecting such service as this from solved; hundreds of people found converted people. Several people a new power in Christ; the level were financed by members of the of confidence in that city, depressed Fellowship who were unable to go by the business slump, was enor- themselves. It required sacrifice mously lifted. in some quarters. Some of it came One said, "There has been noth- from the people in the city where ing like it since Moody." That was we worked, as they felt led to give.

a great tribute; yet how different But there was very little money- is this procedure from Mr. Moody's consciousness anywhere. An insur- incomparable ways. Always he ance man said, "There was no was, in spite of himself, the great underwriting before you came, no .

figure; he was the campaign, and collections while you were here, without him it could not have been. and no deficit when you left."

While he urged people not to talk Do not let anyone think that the about him, but about Christ, it was Fellowship has access to large inevitable that his name should funds: we have not. But when predominate. In the work I am people are soundly enough convert- describing there are no great ed to start off on a mission like names, no indispensable personali- this, they are also soundly enough

converted to be spiritually self- The most important thing in supporting, and not to lean on oth- follow-up is always one's own pri- ers for their expenses except where vate Quiet Time in the morning for specifically guided. We believe that Bible study, prayer, and listening here is a great lesson for this age to God for His directions. These, to learn, staggering as the churches for the convenience of remember- are under intolerable loads of finan- ing them, are usually written down cial obligation, and lacking the in a loose-leaf notebook. Probably spiritual power which will alone next in importance is a small, inti- help them to lift these loads. Sound mate fellowship where one's needs conversion is the basis of adequate and discoveries may be frankly finance. shared. It is als!) very interesting And follow-up-how shall all to see how quickly the church be- this continue? By the work of a gins to take on meaning for these revitalized church. The ministers people, who often for tlie first time of the city were back of us in this see it as a way to deepen and in- effort. They opened their pulpits to crease the life which they have just us. Some of them came a long spir- decided to live. One doctor told itual distance themselves. One me that he thought this movement clergyman toid me that he had bap- would "put the Church back on the tized hundreds of people, but he did map in this generation." Dozens, not know that in his ministry of I suppose hundreds, of people in over thirty years a single person that city, who never thought they had been brought decisively to could ever be doing such a thing, Christ: His whole life is now radi- are in living touch with God, ask- antly happy in the newly discov- ing and finding His mind upon ered power of being guided by the their problems, and drawing others Holy Spirit. The clergymen saw the after Christ. It sounds very much changes in their people, and in like the Acts, doesn't it?

those they wanted to be their peo- By the time the ordinary reader ple.. In the churches and in private has read this far, he will be saying houses numbers of small groups with some irritation, "Why doesn't are meeting weekly for the sharing he tell us how to do it ourselves?"

of experience and for united guid- My answer is frankly that I have ance. These groups may be ar- no paper-made plan by which any ranged geographically to take care minister can evangelize any old of one locality, or they may be town by following a few rules.

gathered according to interests, That kind of man-made evangeli~m like a group of insurance men who is what has ruined the very name meet every morning in one office evangelism for most people. We to begin the day with Quiet Time. must think in much more profound, There is nothing humanly organ- and in much more extensive, terms ized about them; they are made up than the conversion of anyone of people who have been changed, town by an individual: we must and want to learn the next stages. think of the recapturing of the These groups are kept vital by world for Christ through a close- honest sharing up to date between knit fellowship of converted peo- those who come steadily, and by the ple. Nothing less than this can get bringing in of new people who the attention of the many who want to find this experience. know that the church is too locally

preoccupied and too spiritually to have what he wanted the city timid to do its work in the world. to have: a thoroughly workable, Something must again set the tested, universal way of life in human imagination aflame with Christ which anybody can try exwhat can happen when Christ lays perimentally long before he may hold of a group of people. We be able to accept it authoritatively. need a world-wide movement of the Spirit in our day, and it looks as if The second is that the greatest we were beginning to see it. need of our time is for a movement which represents such contagious, Some Principles–From Experience simple, joyous religion as this, where any man can catch his spirit There are a few principles which at the flame. There was nothing distil from experience and which fortuitous in those ninety people we might notice. gathered in that dty. More than twenty b'"ears of pain and prayer, The first is that one person was of hammering and of recognition, responsible for touching the city. of loyalty and of falling away, of He was just a plain individual, and fidelity to one persistent ideal, of might as well have been led to stay hewing out individuals and seasonin business as to be in the ministry, ing them till they know the voice had that been God's plan for him. of God and the life of man, till they Profession had nothing to do with are welded into an unbreakable felit: possession everything. He rec- lowship-these are the things ognized in the Fellowship some- which lie behind that one gathering thing familiar through his own in- of ninety people thinking, living herited Christianity, yet something and working as one. The ordinary which stretched him so far that it evangelistic team is small and was like a new experience alto- fixed; often it is temporary, but if gether. Before he could begin to fixed it is inflexible, and does not touch anybody, he had to have in think to include beginners. This miniature the life he wanted his team is never quite the same in one city to have. People needed to find place as in another. Constantly in him and in his family some qual- new people are being brought in, ity of living which was different, and so trained for larger work. So which attracted them by its joy it comes about that, clear round the and simplicity and workability, and world now, you have a group of which challenged at the same time. people who know one another inti- The professional evangelist lacks mately, who begin work by being appeal for the average sinner and sure they have no "walls" amongst pagan. This man made friends with themselves, who are trained in loypeople like that. His language was alty and fellowship, who know how not stilted, he was natural, yet he to hit at just the same spot as the "had something." He was living on worker before them. This means concrete guidance. He was touch- that witnessing is going on all the ing individuals himself. He was time. At teas and luncheons, in living in constant fellowship, even churches and homes, wherever such if much of it was by mail, with a people are, there is evangelism. group which gave him opportunity Hundreds are teuched in this way for growth by comparison and con- who would never darken the door trast, by checking and sharing. of an evangelistic meeting, and The sum of all this is that he had

never even go to church. This them to come in with him. These movement has within it the power things are worth a thousand evanto reproduce itself in character- gelistic meetings for the gun-shy istic fashion, so that the colors do skeptic today who runs away from not fade out at the extreme edges. all professional religion. A town is Many will find in this movement, surprised and stirred when ninety people like this come in on a mission as did our friend who opened up of "peaceful penetration," when the city, things already familiar; I they see the fun they have, when think that all will find that the they find they live what they talk. movement represents to them spe- The interchange between city and cific challenge, if not to believe city, and indeed between country and country, is one of the marked more, at least to step out more characteristics of the movement. courageously upon what they do It has given it already an interdebelieve. nominational a'nd international character which may have implica- The third is that the most persua- tions as to church unity and inter- national understanding; already sive force for Christ in our time there have been far-reaching social is no longer the professional evan- results in the movement. But we gelist, and may not even be the believe profoundly that a Christian minister: the most persuasive force basis is needed first; and that this today is the converted layman who must come from the living impact of changed and Christ-centered knows the art of living and of win- people upon those who have yet to ning others. He has no profession- find that great eJ(perience. alisms. He gets at the people he wants to win, not only the less edu- Not one city only, but many, cated and more gullible members have been touched in this fashion. of society who frequent evangel- The movement is roIling. If you istic meetings. His business asso~ want to begin in your own town, it ciates recognize what has happened must begin first in your own life. when his business is conducted on The movement will be born through a new basis: when, for instance, the nucleus of those whom you he confesses to a dishonesty and reach directly yourself. restores to the right person, or when he calls in his fellow-workers and shares with them honestly his new experience and asks them for their help in the new life, urging HE COULD NOT GO-WHAT THEN1 A YOUNG man accepted for the African missionary field reported at New York for "passage," but found on further examination that his wife could not stand the climate. He was heartbroken, but he prayerfully returned t() his home and determined to make all the money he could, to be used in spreading the kingdom of God over the world. His father, a dentist, had started to make, on the side, an unfermented wine for the communion service. The young man took the business over and developed it until it assumed vast proportions -his name was "Welch," whose family still manufacturers "grape-juice." He has given literally hundreds of thousands of dollars to the work of missions. Every job is missionary work when we interpret it by stewardship.-Tke Presbyterian Advance.

YOUNG MEN OF

BY CAPTAIN REGINALD WALLIS Gl'11 crai ~ f vn~ t-urJJ uJ th e Oity oj Dublin Y. M. C . A .

Captain Wallis was in active service in the British army during the World War. Later he became secre- tary of the Y. M. C. A. in Dublin and has since been greatly used for the spiritual awakening and Christian training of young men. The Dublin Y. M. C. A. is conducted on evangelical and faith principles, without financial drives or emphasis on secular education, amusements, athletics and social lines. The entire budget amounts to ~nly about $10,000 a year, but the spiritual fruitage is large. The present financial de- pression has made rigid economy necessary and the support of the work must come in answer to prayer. This Associat ion gives proof that Y. M. C. A. work can be successfully conducted on Gospel lines with large results and without dependence for support on C AP T AIN llEGINALD WALLIS methods that are not fully consecrated by God. Captain Wallis is in America speaking at various conferences and may be addressed (until September 30th) at Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, III., or at 944 E ast 31st St., Brooklyn, N. Y.-EDITOR.

I N THE City of Dublin, the cap- the whole so mighty a lever to up- ital of the Irish Free State, lift the young men of the com- there is a successful evan- munity." gelical, soul-saving Young Men's Christian Association. The work The Dublin Association has ad- hered in its doctrinal basis and in is essentially Christian and aggres- its practical administration to this sively spiritual. Its one purpose ideal for eighty-two years since is to win young men for Christ and its inception in 1849. It stands as then weld them together into the a lighthouse of spiritual testimony. happy fellowship of Christian serv- From the roof to the basement you ice. Any inferior objective would will look in vain for even a smok- betray the sacred trust to which ing room, a billard table or any the Y. M. C. A. has been commit- other agency, often considered so ted. As Dr. Theodore Cuyler once necessary to attract young men, said: "When the Y. M. C. A. but which are sometimes found ceases to evangelize, it becomes a to hinder a full-orbed wholesome sublime impertinence." Dr. Arthur Christian witness.

T. Pierson also remarked: "Al- For over ten years it has been though no institution in the world my privilege to labor among the is perfect, it seems to me that the young men of Dublin – good-na~ Y. M. C. A., when its Christian tured, warm-hearted, and charac- chatader is maintained supreme, terized by that alluring South of is as nearly complete as any human Ireland temperament. Fine, manly, organization could be. I know of attractive Christians they make no other institution that has on when the Lord really captures 2 667

them and consecrates their delight- an average of fifty or more robust, ful characteristics to His own serv- keen, healthy, manly fellows. That ice. They are not in any sense meeting is a spiritual tonic. Fire, "nambys" or milk-sops. Watch life and a passion for souls charthem in the gymnasium (which is acterize their simple-hearted petionly a bare hall with very meagre tions. Open-air gatherings are held equipment). On the athletic field regularly on Monday nights in the I have seen a "Rugby" team of very heart of that Roman Catholic fifteen Christian fellows win their metropolis. Many stand around way through to victory, and wit- and listen with reverent attention ness for Christ on the way. Before to inspiring testimonies and apthe start of the game, I have known peals. Without denominational disthem to bow their heads in the pa- tinctions this happy family is a vilion and ask God's blessing on testimony to the unity of the Spirit the spor.t and seeking strength to and the one body of Christ. "play the game." The Dublin Y. M. C. A. believes in consecrated The original principles which recreation, as a means to an end, animated George Williams, the not an end in itself. Candidates revered founder of the Young for full membership in this Y. M. Men's Christian Association some C. A. are' passed individually at nine decades ago, stilI find expresthe monthly meeting of the general sion in this Irish branch. It has committee, a Board of Managers been and remains a living center composed mainly of "born-again" of Christian evangelism. The Metbusiness men. Scrupulous care is ropolitan Hall is packed every Sunexercised to maintain the spiritual day night with eager listeners to backbone of the Association. Evi- the Gospel. This evangelistic meetdence of conversion to God is a ing, with an average attendance of requisite for a full member. Asso- 1500, largely composed of young ciate members are young men of men and women, is the largest reggood moral character who desire ular gathering for any purpose in to use the "Y" but who may not the Irish Free State. The magnetmake profession of faith in Christ. ism which draws this young life These have no voting powers and together every Sunday night, sumcannot control the policies of the mer and winter, is no other than Association. Scores of associates the dynamic of the Word of Life. have been won for Christ and have The ushers are all Y. M. C. A. men become full members. with a salvation smile and a love for souls. The choir is composed Bible study is an important part of Christian voices, under the leadof this work. Every Sunday after- ership of a consecrated conductor. noon some seventy young fellows Bright Gospel hymns and choruses, meet for earnest but informal occasional solos or duets, are alstudy of the Word of God. Fellow- ways followed by a clean-cut evanship with this radiant bunch of gelistic appeal by a servant of God spiritual firebrands, hearing their with a living message. The Metrousing songs and testimonies, will ropolitan Hall has been the birthput red blood into the faith of any place of thousands of souls for downcast Christian. A weekly practically all the great evangelisprayer and fellowship meeting is tic campaigns in Dublin are held held on Wednesday evenings with under the auspices of the Y. M.

EVANGELIZING YOUNG MEN OF DUBLIN

C. A., and annual conferences are people together is like the spectacle convened here for the deepening of the Laodicean church. The of spiritual1ife. The reading room Church cannot compete with the is carefully guarded against the world, whose specialists can proentrance of any unsound period- vide a much more attractive icals or books. amusement program. Our Lord's commission is to "feed his sheep," Can the modern young men of not to "amuse the goats!" Many a today really be captured by these church and many a Y. M. C. A. has old-fashioned methods and held to- so lost its living message that "Ichgether without resorting to acces- abod" is writ large upon its porsories which are looked upon as so WHERE 1,500 GATHER EACH WEEK FOR THE Y. M. C. A. GOSPEL MEETING essential in such work today? Ex- tals. Yet it was never truer that perience proves that they can. In the Gospel, preached in the power fact there are no other means of of the Holy Spirit, still grips men so effectively capturing young life and presents an appeal to which in these days, as was true fifty they will respond in spite of the years ago. Give Christ a chance! alluring twentieth century reper- Men may change outwardly with toire of the world, the flesh and the the times, but the heart's need is devil. ever the same and there is only one d i v i n e remedy. Any religious The present buildings occupied movement descending to carnal by the Association have an intermeans to win and hold the young esting history. In 1922 we were in the throes of one of those peri-

odical disturbances for which Irish rackish, with no attractive facilipeople seem to have a peculiar rel- ties to offer young men. Dr. E. J. ish. Our Y. M. C. A. premises were Pace of the Sunday School Times, the first to be destroyed, whereas who visited Dub lin recently, the Catholic Young Men's Society writes: next door was left intact! But the Lord had provided better things When I recall those happy two for us. Shortly before this build- weeks spent in the Dublin Y. M. C. A., ing was destroyed, the Association the climax of four happy months spent came into possession of the present in the British Isles; when I bring buildings as a free gift by order back to my memory that fine bunch of of court. This was the divine pro- Irish huskies, wholesomely clean, ravision for the emergency. The diantly aggressive in their witnessing work multiplied in its effectiveness for Christ; when I see again that as a result of this apparent calam- nightly throng of 1,500 to 2,000 perity. The Sunday night meeting de- sons eager for the Gospel, I thrill veloped from a few dozen to its again to my finger tips. present proportions, taxing the full capacity of the Metropolitan I am frank to say I never saw a Hall, which lutd been erected in Y. M. C. A. like that of yours. It connection with D. L. Moody's visit stands out in contrast with Y. M. C. to Dublin some fifty years ago. A.'s on this side of the water painfully From the same platform today the to our discredit. Here it seems that same Message preached by that in the inverse ratio of splendid, costly, man of God is still sounded forth. physical equipment, the spiritual ob- jectives for which the "Y" was origi- These facts are all the more im- nally founded are sadly relegated far pressive when we remember that into the background, and in some the Protestant population of the places are almost apologized for. Irish Free State has now dwindled down to a meager seven per cent. There in Dublin in an old building, This gives rise to peculiar prob- never intended to serve as a Y. M. C. A., with equipment approaching lems. The Committee of the Asso- shabbiness, you have carried on magciation has no sympathy with fi- nificently. As I looked about me and nancial drives, but prays to the saw the utter want of equipment I Lord, as the Chancellor of His own marvelled at the mighty drawing Exchequer, to meet the need. The power of the Gospel, which alone atentire budget is only $10,000 per tracts and holds that splendid group annum, with no provision for lux- of militant Christian young men. urious administration or big-salaried officials. Evangelical money is The present building was never scarce in the Irish Free State and erected as a Y. M. C. A., and for part of the money needed is liter- nine years we have sought to carry ally prayed in every year. The on in spite of these difficulties, but Committee feels that they should feel that the time has come when make known to the people of God God would have us launch out for who love aggressive evangelism, more adequate facilities. In this the needs. The buildings, unfor- we seek the sympathetic, prayerful tunately are prison-like and bar- cooperation of God's people in order that we may do more effec- tive service for Christ in this very needy Irish Free State.

CHURCHES O~'~'ER RELIGIOU:; TRAINING ~'U){ YUUNG 1'IlJOl'LE

THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS BY THE REV. E. D. KOHLSTEDT, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa. Oorrespond'im'f} SecretfM'lI oj the Boa.Yd of 110me Missions lMla Ohurch Extension Methodist Episcopal Ohurch· .n.; MERICAN home missions are attractiveness of Christian ideals a task, altruistic in character of life; to reveal the ethical im- and unattempted by other plications, economic and social agencies, that ought to challenge significance of Christianity; to the utmost endeavors and re- demonstrate the fruitage of a func- sources of organized Christianity: tioning faith, vitalized by an ex- to insure to rural and urban com- perimental knowledge of essential munities, which without either realities in the spiritUal realm.

temporary or permanent personal Dr. Slosson defines religion as and material cooperation from else- "the perpetual realization of God; where would not benefit by them, the spiritualization of daily life."

the enriching ministries of the Canon Streeter maintains that Church of Christ. "Science is the expression of re- In the prosecution of their re- ality in terms of quantity; religion spective religious and social activi- is the expression of reality in terms ties, these denominational agencies of quality." But Saint James exseek cooperatively to portray the horts us to face the fact that re- *The sections served by the Methodist Epis- ligious realities are conclusively copal Board of Home Missions and Church Extpllsion include : the United States. Alaska, evidenced by a convincing com- Hawn!}, Puerto Rico, and a st:ict!y interde- bination of unselfish service and nominational missionary enterprISe In the Dominican Republic, foste1'ed by the Board for unblemished character. Christian Work in Santo Domingo. Through- The composite character of home out these territories, Methodism sustains cordial, cooperative relatio.nsi;lips toward similar denominational bome mISSIOnary agencies and missions must be understood in projects. 661

order to appreciate the significance functioning faith which touches of certain determinative factors the very tap roots of our individual that justify the validity of the mis- and collective ills: sin and selfish- sionary's claim to moral and ma- ness. The Sermon on the Mount terial support. Within the areas makes inner righteousness abso- embraced by Continental United lutely basic to normal expressions States and her possessions, our of individual and social human con- territorial contacts and functional duct. Dr. Robert A. Milliken, the activities are characterized by both Scientist, cherishes a conviction home and foreign field environ- that "it was because we lost belief ments, problems and service oppor- in the reality of moral and spirit- tunities. ual values that the World War The romantic story of American came; and if we do not find a home missions thrills the hearts of way to regain and strengthen that those who trace the trails and sense belief, then science is of no value."

the spirit of our country's patriotic Bewildered in mind and morals, pioneers and heroic circuit riders, mankind desperately needs the whose joint services to the nation clarity and buoyancy of a function- wrested a Christian civilization ing, fruitful faith.

from a forbidding wilderness. The The Christian Church is the most United States is the only first-class effective agency devised to date world power that was practically through which to channel Chris- born Christian; the colonization tianity's contributions toward the of America was characterized by a enrichment of humanity's heart, dynamic conscience. Current con- home and community life. Despite ditions indicate the danger of a the Church's frankly admitted limi- reversion to paganism unless tations; whatever men may think America's Christian Church con- of the crudities of certain credal stituency can be shocked out of its interpretations of Christianity; smug complacency. however severely they may be in- To develop democracies that are clined to criticize our imperfect safe for the world is even .more portraitures of Christian ideals of imperative than to make the world life and human relationships, the safe for democracy. Unless those fact remains that Jesus Christ, entrusted with governmental and Founder of Christianity, is still social control are dominated by the mankind's supreme character and Spirit of Jesus Christ, a democracy community service exhibit.

can become as ruthless as any au- "In spite of all its faults," says tocracy that has ever crushed le- Dr. William Adams Brown, "the gitimate human aspirations and Church of Christ is the one social activities. Only that democracy is institution touching men of all safe for the world whose super- races and nations which exists to structure is undergirded by the spread faith in the good God and fundamental doctrines of Chris- to unite men in a world – wide tianity: the fatherhood of God; brotherhood. Here surely is a fac- the brotherhood of man; the in- tor with which anyone must reck- finite value of an individual life. on who asks with soberness where We dare not ignore such consider- men are to turn for help in the ations. stupendous task of world recon- There is no substitute for a struction."

THE CHALLENGE OF HOM;E MISSIONS

The international significance of Under such circumstances there is home missions is evidenced by the scant hope for motion picture profact that the prevalent publicity duction improvement and purificaand portraitures of the worst fea- tion until the united voice of the tures of American life, radioed to Christian Church can be heard distant lands in the fraction of a with far greater emphasis in the second and flashed from commer- council chambers of America's cialized, debauched silver screens, movie czars. now constitute one of the most delicate and difficult problems that test The world-wide responsibility of the faith and fortitude of heroic home missions becomes convincforeign missionaries on the other ingly apparent with the perfection side of the globe. Cooperative of humanity's communication and criticism demands the discontinu- transportation facilities, the prac- tical annihilation of time and space MISSION GIRLS LEARNING 'ro MAKE HOME ATTRACTIVE ance of salacious, sex-saturated, and the advent of a "split-second" lawless, liquor-soaked films, with world. Hitherto distantly related their contaminating influence upon peoples have been compacted into the unfolding child life of the close neighborhoods, which need an infusion of the spirit of Christian world. brotherhood. Multitudes of effec- Unfortunately, too many stars tive missionary enterprises on the other side of the globe were initiof first magnitude in the motion ated and are fostered by returned picture sky, idealized and idolized nationals who were inspired to by impressionable youth, can quali- embrace Christianity while sofy as legalized, progressive polyg- journers in this country. amists, to whom the sanctities of the marriage vow, the sacredness So intimately do our home and of the American home and the laws foreign missionary activities, inof the land mean little or nothing.

terests and responsibilities inter- speaks with the "voice of author- lock; so intricate are the relation- ity" and of finality.

ships of organized Christianity's Second – Christianity's Bible is missionary personnel, home and a missionary manual, permeated foreign, that no thoughtful in- with the missionary spirit. The terpreter of local, national and in- New Testament context is liberally ternational movements, programs interspersed with stories of spirit- and policies for human betterment ual adventure, so characteristic of would presume to attempt their the spread of Christianity through- complete segregation. Not only in out the world. Personified by the America, confronted with the deli- advent of the Christ Child in Beth- cate and difficult twofold task of lehem, matchless revelation of di- Americanization and Christianiza- vine solicitude for erring mortals; tion, but in many otlier countries buttressed by the Cross of Calvary, is the fruitage of home missionary emblematic of love strong as death, service winning recognition. nay stronger; undergirded by the Incentives to the personal and Great Commission, embodiment of material support of missions ought the Master's valedictory to His to arrest the attention, stir the chosen disciples; exemplified by the heart and challenge the enthusiasm epochal message of the Apostle to of an alert Christian constituency; the Gentiles in the Athenian marto arouse in both clery and laity ket place, it is the impact of a the spirit that accounts for the missionary spirit that accounts for development of genuine Christian the respective contributions of hiscrusaders. Space limits preclude toric religious movements toward the mention of more than three: the sum total of good in the worTd. Third – The inescapable chal- First – Jesus Christ and His lenge of an unfinished task summessage to mankind, adequately mons us to service. Vast areas of taught and exemplified, constitute unevangelized rural territory and humanity's most vital mind and scores of sadly neglected, polyglot heart needs. His flawless character city centers throughout this counstands out in bold relief before try demand the attention of an the tribunals of twenty centuries American Christian statesmanship which subjected the validity of the with faith, fortitude and ability Nazarene's spiritual supremacy enough to spell problem with the claims to the acid test. His por- letters of opportunity. The range traiture of human possibilities in sections of the west, mountain recharacter building is unexcelled. gions of the south and backward Nations, governments, social and communities of New England, economic orders, even organized Ohio, Michigan and other states religion in some of its current reveal a wide-spread neglect of our rural missionary fields. Only forty forms of expression are manifestly per cent of New England's popu- lation is claimed by any church; imperfect and subject to labora- tory experimentation, but Jesus Christ is supreme. In the social thirty-three per cent of its populaand spiritual life of the world, His tion under nineteen years of age position is exclusive and impreg- is unidentified with any church nable; as can be said of no other school. Utah has seven counties personality in human history, He without a functioning evangelical

THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS

Protestant mission in anyone of school buildings, has no church struc- them. ture or regular religious ministry to The following exhibits are il- a population of nearly two hundred. lustrative of the missionary chal- A score of county parishes in the Ken- tucky and Tennessee mountains await lenge: the inauguration of an adequate social Dr. John McDowell, Secretary of the and spiritual service to hearts that Presbyterian Board of National Mis- hunger for a richer life.

sions, maintains that 10,000 American rural communities have no type of America's u r ban situation is ·church; that 30,000 American rural equally, if not even more disturb- communities have no pastor in resi- ing. Hundreds of congested city dence; that 13,400,000 American chil- centers, cosmopolitan communities dren under twelve years of age receive with their racial interlockings and no sort of religious instruction. State Librarian H. E. Dunnack, antagonisms, economic and social problems, clamor for considera- Maine: "100,000 of Maine's population tion. There is a studied purpose are without religious opportunities; on the part of corrupt politicians 95,652 families are unidentified with to defeat constructive legislation any church; 109,017 boys and girls of concerning moral issues. Organschool age are enrolled in no sort of church school." He estimates Maine's ized unrighteousness has become church attendance to be one in seven entrenched in the city. The grow- and mentions a community of 2,100 ing cities of America hold the people with 24 church members. balance of political power. If a Dr. Arthur Wentworth Hewitt, of democracy is to endUre, the work- ing majority of its voting units Plainfield, Vermont, author of "Stee- must be kept intelligent and moral. ples Among the Hills": "That some of The future of our country is at our villages are overchurched, I do not stake; the perpetuity of the sacred doubt, but am perfectly convinced that institutions, bought by the blood the greater part of our state is wholly unevangelized ground. The great majority of its people attend no church of a liberty loving people, is di- and are visited by no pastor." rectly involved.

Director of Publicity J. S. Swwell, Authoritative statisticians an- Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, sub- nounce that in the 1932 national mits data on Clare County, Michigan: election, the United States will eleven townships, with forty-six public have approximately 4,000,000 new schools and an enrollment of 1,000 chil- voters to reckon with. Unless our dren, an English-speaking American prospective as well as our funcsection with a total population of 4,640, tioning citizenry can be vitally inbut no church at all in action. terested in and persuaded to do Dr. L. H. Sweetland, Methodist min- . serious, constructive thinking rela- ister, Hays, Kansas: "Paganism pre- tive to current, vital issues; to ap- vails in parts of Kansas. Within preciate the proportionate value of fourteen miles of Hays, in an American community of prosperous farmers determinative factors in our social, where I recently held services, there political and economic life; to grip were children sixteen years old who the real meaning of national and had not heard of Jesus Christ. Kan- international movements for husas has hundreds of boys and girls man betterment, how can we hope who are utterly ignorant of religion." to sense the significance of our exacting twentieth century citizen- Russell Springs, an inland Kansas (:ounty seat with substantial cQurt and ship or to insure to our ~n~:rntion

a proportionately substantial con- in terms of constructive commutribution toward the sum total of nity service and the enrichment of good in the world? social relationships, is a matter of immediate moment to the Chris- With a minimum monthly rack- tian leadership of our nation. We eteers' extortion toll of one billion would profit by the development of dollars to pay, according to the a more vivid consciousness of re- New York Crime Commission's re- ligious realities; a more clear cut cent report; confronted by a cur- realization of the actuality of rent crime culture of perfectly ap- God's presence and guidance; a· palling proportions; challenged by general recognition of the primacy the strange spectacle of millions of of prayer in our religious life; men unable to support their fam- the cultivation of an overwhelmilies on account of an unprece- ing passion for unselfish Christian dented commercial collapse; and service; the proclamation of a our social and spiritual ideals positive, dynamic Gospel message; threatened by the propagation of an evident dominance of the spiritpagan philosophies of life, the se- ual incentive in all of our missionriousness of the situation ought ary activities. to shock a nominally Christian America out Of her false sense of Isn't it strange that princes and kings; security. A silent church constit- That men and money and minor things; uency is impotent and unfruitful. That common folks, like you and me, For her own sake and for the sake Are builders for eternity? of the world, America's mind and heart must be Christianized. To each is given a bag of tools; A shapeless mass and a book of rules; A revitalized church member- And each must fashion, ere life has ship, the restoration of a functioning faith, buttressed by daily flown, demonstrations of religious reality A stumbling block, or a stepping stone.

COMING ARTICLES ON HOME MISSIONS O NE of the richest and most Home and Foreign Mission Life important subjects for study Compared, by Lillian Oyler. is the field of Home Mission in America. The variety and in- Do Jews Become Christians? by terest are almost unlimited. This John Stewart Conning. number of the REVIEW is devoted to the Home Missions study topics Religion for the Migrant Workof the year, which are in line with ers, by Adela J., Ballard. those discussed at the National Congress in Washington last De- The Church and the Working cember. Man, by E. M. Wahlberg.

Several of the most interesting Spanish-Americans – Asset or a papers in hand could not be in- Liability? by E. T. Cornelius. cluded in this issue and will appear in a subsequent number. Do not What Substitute for Christianmiss them. Among these are: ity? by James 1. Vance.

Why Give the Gospel to the Mor- Missions to American Indians, mons, by William E. LaRue. by Henry Roe Cloud.

ARE THE

AMERICANS?

BY ELIZABETH R. HOOKER, New York Institute oj SooiaZ a,net Religious Research T HE number of church mem- even with the use of recently per- bers (of all denominations) fected methods. So much land is reported by the Census of Re- required to supply a family living ligious Bodies in 1926 was 47.7 per that even if all the land were taken.

cent of the population of the United up, the farm families would live States in that year.1 Where are the far apart; and at the present stage others, the more than fifty-two per of development the dry lands have cent of the people who are outside an average of one family to the the churches? Are they evenly dis- square mile. There are thus .great tributed over the country or are stretches' of hinterland where the there relatively more of them in nearest neighbor is several miles certain kinds of territory? away. Many of the roads are still To answer these questions and to unimproved. Both homes and study types of areas that might be farms, and public facilities and in- found to have comparatively large stitutions, are being developed in proportions of the people outside the face of great natural obstacles the churches, the Institute of Social and frequent crop failures.

and Religious Research2 in 1928 Dry-farming territory of wide began an investigation which extent is found in the Columbia brought to light the fact that six Basin of Washington, Oregon and different kinds of territory of wide Idaho; also in two regions of the extent contain exceptionally large Great Plains, which lie between a numbers who are not merely out- more humid belt on the east and an side the membership but who are arid belt close to the Rocky Moun- practically untouched by the influ- tains, and which are separated by ence of churches. stretches of rougher and less fertile Only four of these six kinds of land. These three regions cover an territory will be considered here. area larger than that of New Eng- All are of recent development and land and the Middle Atlantic States are found largely in the Far West. combined; and they contain 807,- 000 people living outside of centers Dry-Fanning Areas of 2,500 or more inhabitants.

The youngest of these types is In one of the three dry-farming the dry-farming country. This was regions, three-fourths of the people not settled permanently till after are outside the churches; in the the better watered lands had been largely occupied because it is so second, three-fifths; in the third, arid that harvests are precarious four-fifths. Churches of a sort are not lacking; but they are un- 1 Estimated as balfway between tbe Census evenly distributed, the villages and figures for 1920 and 1930. some hamlets having several or- 'The findings of this study are presented in ganizations of different denomina- ~~tn!~~a~~ii~~u~hR~~~~~::" Nle~ti~~~t °i9~~~ tions, and other small centers and ~~~StBb';;;~d~ol~aih~ ~r~s~~de;rt'lcf~r the state- wide reaches of hinterland being 667

without any churches whatever. stituting one-sixth of the land area With a few striking exceptions the of the continental United States. churches are small and poor, have Notwithstanding its low density, very limited ministerial service, in 1920 this area had 619,000 inconduct no activities except occa- habitants living in the rural dissional preaching services and Sun- tricts. day schools, and have failed to win the cooperation of large propor- In the grazing region consisting tions of the people. In a repre- largely of Utah, where most of the sentative dry-farming county sur- people are Mormons, 55 per cent veyed, five-eighths of the country belonged to churches in 1926; in families had no regular contact western Texas, where three-fifths with church or Sunday school. of the inhabitants are Spanish- American Roman Catholics, the Yet nine-tenths of the dryland- proportion of the people belonging ers are Protestant by tradition; to churches was 52.5 per cent. In and will be reached, if at all, by the two Protestant grazing regions Protestant religioUS agencies. the situation was quite otherwise. In one only one-fourth of the peo- Grazing Country ple, and in the other less than one- sixth, were enrolled in the church Many unchurched Americans are membership. Of the twenty-eight also found in the arid grazing Protestant counties investigated, lands. Here the people are even only six had as high a proportion more widely scattered than in the as one-fifth of the people in the dry-farming country; for there is churches; nine had less than a an average of only one ranch in tenth; and three had less than a seven square miles. The climate is twentieth. And in more than half too dry for crops to mature without the total area of the entire fifty-five irrigation and the irrigable acre- sample counties of four grazing age is extremely small. The herbage regions, including both Protesis so sparse in some sections that tant and Catholic sections, less a cow must walk twenty miles in than one-fifth of the people were a day to get enough to eat. Off the ch urch members. main highways travel is over rough roads or rougher trails. Centers In a Protestant grazing county are few, and are strung along the surveyed by the Institute, threewidely separated streams and rail- fourths of the families had no regroads, leaving expanses of uninter- ular contacts with churches; and rupted hinterland hundreds of at the hour of service eleven permiles across. sons were outside church doors to one inside. Grazing country forms far the largest part of the territory be- The churches are few-an avertween the Rocky Mountains and the age of only three per 1,000 square Cascade and Sierra ranges, and is miles. Almost all such churches as also found in the drier and rougher exist are clustered in the larger parts of the Great Plains. In these towns. Not a few counties of over regions arid grazing land extends 3,000 square miles each have but over practically the whole of 110 one or two churches outside the huge counties, occupying three county-seat. times as large an area as the dryfarming country, and in fact con- These town churches try to dupli- cate the buildings and the program

WHERE ARE THE UNCHURCHED AMERICANS?

of the churches of older regions. people outside the church doors at Their rank and file, and even most the hour of service was sevenof their ministers, know almost eighths in the Michigan county, nothing of the thinly populated nine-tenths in the county in Minnehinterlands stretching far away in sota, and eleven-twelfths in that in every direction. Now and then Washington. From three-fifths to churches are started in smaller three-fourths of the children were centers; but most of these are not enrolled in any Sunday school. very short-lived. Though the cut-over sections Cut-Over Sections have many churches-thirty-one per 1,000 square miles-most of A third kind of territory having them are small. The denominamany unchurched Americans con- tional competition is intensified sists of sections recently denuded here by the presence of churches of primeval forests. With their serving groups of various foreign trees they have lost much of their races. Being small and in a land taxable property, and most of the of poor people, the churches cannot industries that formerly supported afford good buildings, well-paid a great part of the population. ministers, or many-sided programs. Many people have moved away. What these little churches offer In some cut-over districts stumps does not appeal to the general pubare being uprooted with great labor lic of their communities. and expense, and agriculture is being developed. But the farmers The Washington county conoften have to contend with poor tained two large districts entirely soil, stubborn natural growths, destitute of churches. This unforest fires and inaccessibility of churched area had four villages of markets. They live in isolation from 300 to 500 inhabitants, and amidst stump lands, marshes and nine hamlets of over 100 inhabisecond-growth woods, and to a tants. The whole population of great extent upon unimproved this neglected territory was some roads. Schools and other institu- 6,800. A few Sunday schools and tions are still imperfectly devel- monthly preaching services held in oped. Many of the people are im- schoolhouses or private homes, atmigrants of varied racial origins, tracted very small groups of peoattracted by the cheapness of the ple. Nearly 99 per cent of the popuncleared land. ulation never or hardly ever at- tended a service of worship. Two cut-over regions were investigated by the Institute, one lying Seven-eighths of the people of about the Great Lakes and the the cut-over sections, however, other in the Pacific Northwest. have Protestant traditions. The These two regions have a combined responsibility for affording them area of 12,000 square miles, and a effective religious ministry rests rural population of one and one- therefore on the Protestant Church. sixth millions. Mountain Distriots In three cut-over counties surveyed in Michigan, Minnesota and Many unchurched Americans Wasilington, seven-eighths of the are also found in districts among people were outside the church high mountains. Here communimembership. The proportion of the ties and scattered families live in isolation from the outside world

VERMONT: Lamoille County Orange County _ Open country ~ Villages with fewer than 500 inhabitants ~ Villages with 500 to 2500 inhabitants fZ#jIJJ Hamlets ~ Villages without marked contrast in population ~ Towns or small cities Used in IfHinterlands of the Ohurch/' Institute of Socia' and ReUgious RescQiTch, New York.

DIAGRAM SHOWING THE PROPORTION OF POPULATION IN CHURCH MEMBERSHIP (1926), FOR COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT SIZES, IN COUNTIES SURVEYED, REPRESENTING SIX DIFFEREJiT KINDS OF TERRITORY.

and even largely apart from neigh- weekly services even in summer. boring mountain districts. The iso- The only church in the county-seat lation is intensified by steep and had regular preaching services only circuitous approaches, by the scar- during the three summer months, city of railroads and the poor con- and even that not every year. dition of many highways, and by There were half as many closed the deep snows of winter. Mining churches as active churches. and lumber activities, which have usually formed the incentive to set- Many of the original settlers of tlement, have in many cases slack- the mountain counties, who were ened or died out. Farming encoun- very largely miners, had never had ters peculiar obstacles and poverty church affiliations; and the little is nearly universal. The develop- churches have not acquired a posiment of the institutions of civiliza- tion of influence. The general pubtion has been arrested in many of lic are indifferent to them, and the older mountain counties, and in many even of the church workers the younger ones is still at an early show a lukewarm and shame-faced stage. adherence.

Seventy-nine mountainous coun- In spite of this widespread indifties are fOl,lnd partly among the ference to the churches, a large two great masses of the Rocky majority of the people consider Mountains situated within the themselves Protestants, at least to United States and partly among the the extent of desiring the services Sierra Mountains of California. of Protestant ministers at funerals. They have a total area of over 173,- 000 square miles, and a rural pop- These four kinds of new terriulation in 1920 of about 424,000. tory having many unchurched Americans, taken all together, oc- In the forty-four of seventy-nine cupy three-eighths of the area of mountain counties taken as samples the United States, and their rural in the Institute study, more than popUlation in 1920 was about three three-fourths of the people were and one-third millions. All this outside the churches. In half these territory, except two regions of counties the proportion was more grazing country, is Protestant by than four-fifths; and in eight coun- predilection, if not in actuality; ties, more than nine-tenths. More- and therefore constitutes a Protover, of the population of a county estant responsibility. surveyed, persons 0 u t sid e the churches formed thirteen – four- Common Obstacles to Church Work teenths of the population, and in the c 0 u n try districts, twenty- A plausible explanation of the twenty-firsts of the population. At presence of so many unchurched the hour of worship, only twelve Americans in these four kinds of per thousand inhabitants were new territory lies in the fact that present at any religious service, these areas all exhibit charactere it her Protestant or Catholic. istics that render effective religious Three-fourths of the families had ministry extremely difficult. Only no regular contact with any church. small numbers of people live within Six of the ten Protestant churches a convenient distance from comhad fewer than twenty-five mem- mon meeting points. Assembling bers each. Only one church had for services and group activities is restricted not merely by distance, but by bad roads, lack of bridges,

and topographical barriers. Most few lay workers and contributors, of the people are so poor that they low expenditures, restricted minis- have little margin from which to terial service, and a very limited contribute to the support of church- program. The little churches found es. Because of the youth of these in these areas have been unable to lands, common acquaintance and influence and to enlist the people of the habit of cooperation, which fa- their vicinities; and in many cases cilitate the development of such they have lost their hold upon chil- social organizations as churches, dren of their original members.

have barely begun to develop; and Having come from long-estab- in some districts there is not even lished and densely settled sections any place to hold services except of the country, the church people the little country schoolhouses. of these lands have tended to work These conditions constitute effec- toward the forms of church admin- tive handicaps to the work of the istration familiar to them in their churches. But that the difficulties former homes, that is, toward full- are not insurmountable is shown time resident ministers, circuits or by the fact that grazing regions yoked churches, and increasing de- where Mormons or Roman Cath- nominational competition. None of olics predominate have compara- these methods is adapted to the tively few unchurched persons, al- conditions of the newer lands.

though the common obstacles to As a natural consequence, the church work exist there in an ex- number of unchurched Americans treme degree. Moreover, under in these four kinds of new terri- similar conditions a very few Prot- tory is not decreasing. Indeed, estant churches alone in their among eight Protestant regions of fields, through strong and sus- the four types, the Protestant graz- tained work, have succeeded in en- ing regions and the mountain re- listing large proportions of their gions, which are the oldest, and in natural constituents. which churches have therefore been Ineffective Churches at work longest, have more un- churched people than the more re- The presence of many un- cently settled cut-over and dry- churched Americans, therefore, is farming regions; and among the not an inevitable result of adverse three dry-farming regions, the conditions; it is to be attributed in older have more unchurched people part to characteristics of the than the younger. In general, the churches themselves. Each church new lands are witnessing, not the came into existence independently, churching of the unchurched, but as the church of some group of set- the dechurching of the churched.

tlers with a common preference for Scattered indications are not a particular denomination. Because lacking in these areas, however, the settlers of most neighborhoods of new experiments in interdenom- represented many diverse origins inational cooperation, and of the both geographical, social and racial, introduction of methods of church churches of various denominations work that are better adapted to tended to arise in close proximity. the peculiar environmental condi- In regions where people are so scat- tions. Upon the fate of such recent tered and so poor, neighboring developments depends the success churches are inevitably small, with of the churches of the new lands.

PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS *

BY THE QRf NEaVtiO."1H/,uE' RMiM88iAonN8~NPNre.sbMyteOriRanSEJh'UDr~hD.:' N Yk A. or B oard u. e; T HE topic is broad enough to new angles of old problems. That cover most of the concerns of process of expansion, change, and home missions. Few, if any, exploration is the history of Home problems of church work are ever Missions. It is also its present completely solved. This is not so and doubtless will be its future. much a confession of weakness as it is a recognition that America The Problem of Extension has experienced a constant process of growth and change. There are The Home Missions Congress no static problems in home mis- formulated a definition· of Home sions to be solved by exact formula Missions which emphasized five asbut there are a succession of prob~ pects. The most elemental of these lems undergoing continuous alter- is "to make the Church available to those sections of America which ation. Home Mission work began as a lack its ministry." We may call problem of preaching the Gospel this the problem of physical extenand planting the church in new sion, the provision of at least a communities. Enlarging territory minimum of religious privilege for and expanding population kept our every community in home mission fathers keenly aware that no sooner territory. The planting of new was this problem advanced toward churches virtually ceased three solution in one section than it was decades ago save in growing cities recreated for them elsewhere. The and suburbs. In most sections the frontier line receded before them. larger denominations are substan- They never quite caught up with it. tially reducing the number of their Then, in due time they became churches. It is recognized that aware that communities differed in many areas have more churches many vital ways and that these than they need. On the other hand differences constituted other prob- thousands of small communities are l~ms for the church. The composi- still completely unchurched. Chiefly tIon of the population changed. this concerns the more sparsely Contrastp, in race, language, color, settled portions of our country. culture, ~conomic status and social Where populations are dense a opportunity, religious background community without a church is a and outlook, accessibility, and gen- rarity, although every expanding eral standard of living-such fac- city or industrial area furnishes its tors so completely characterized the quota of new communities for course of American development as which churches must be provided. to keep the missionary enterprise Usually both resources and interest constantly exploring new ways to are available for the meeting of meet new situations, or to deal with such needs. But there is a mar- ginal problem not so dramatically t" '1 I hls brief paper has no ambition to list! evident and not so easily command- ing either interest or support. Scatbi e one o:l!er a solution for all the unsolved tered throughout the country are Pptlreor mlet m8s: of home missions. Its limits only c<?mment on certain ones of unquesoned slgmficance.-H. N. M.

3 673

many thousand small neighbor- largement of the service of exist- hoods, mostly isolated, with their ing churches. The Congress defini- populations aggregating in the mil- tion of Home Missions includes as lions which together constitute the its first element the following: most striking instance of religious "To win men and women to dis- neglect. Every state in the Union cipleship of Jesus Christ, to unite in which there are mountains, or them with other disciples in the cut-over timber lands, or dry-farm- fellowship of the Christian Church, ing areas, or small industrial cen- and to educate them for worship ters attracting foreign labor, as and service at home and abroad by coal mines or oil developments, has helping them to discover and to its share of these unchurched accept for themselves and for soneighborhoods. * ciety at large the full consequence The fact that this neglected pop- of Christian discipleship." The ulation is widely scattered and is Congress repeatedly called atten- usually found in very small aggre- tion to the fact that within com- gates, makes religious ministry for munities amply provided with them a matter of serious difficulty. churches are very many people who Frequently Sunday-school missions are almost completely overlooked or some similar form of itinerant by them. In almost every commu- service offers the only practicable nity, large or small, are people out- solution. Elsewhere churches could side the churches who are never be maintained, but would need a definitely sought out with the chal- large measure of missionary sup- lenge of Christian discipleship or port which has not hitherto been the ministry of Christian service.

available. Generally speaking, no Sometimes it is a particular racial satisfactory program could be de- or social group that is overlooked.

veloped along strictly denomina- Sometimes it is an isolated rural tional lines but must be sought neighborhood near the borders of through the medium of interde- the community. More frequently it nominational cooperation. Such is just a case of scattered folk who distinctively missionary responsi- are not noticed by the churches.

bilities as the Mormon area, the In the beginnings of Home Mis- Indian reservations and Cuba, sion work there was constant em- show considerable populations for phasis upon the responsibility of whom no evangelical work has ever each church to extend its own min- been attempted. Here the impulse, istry not only throughout its own and at the outset the financial sup- community but into neighboring port, must come almost entirely communities. That emphasis is as from the outside. m u c h needed today as ever.

Churches frequently are lacking in The Overlooked Groups that missionary zeal directed to- There is another aspect of ward their own immediate areas. church extension which is con- They have generally no conception cerned not with the planting of new of a larger parish for which they churches or the development of new are responsible. They tend to think forms of ministry, but with the eii- of their own constituencies rather than of the total populations to be *' Cf. Hinterlands of the Ohurch. Elizaheth reached. The churches in the aver- R. Hooker, Institute of Social and Religions Research, 1931. age village draw enough members

UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS

from the surrounding country to nance of any reasonable program. weaken and discourage such open In many parts of the country a country churches as may still be startlingly large proportion of the there, but do not make a consistent rural churches have less than effort to strengthen such country twenty-five members each and opchurches or to provide that thor- erate on budgets of less than $500 ough ministry for rural people a year. In the towns and cities, which would make the country while there are, of course, many churches unnecessary. The result churches of outstanding strength, is that the country areas adjacent the typical church operates perilto village or town or city are be- ously near the line of bare subsistcoming the most poorly served sec- ence. tions in the nation. As regards the problem of the city, it was empha- This situation is, obviously, in sized in the Congress that the city part due to the existence of more must be viewed as a whole and that churches than our present church any consideration which does not strength could reasonably be exemphasize the responsibility of pected to support. In part it is due each church in a city-wide strategy to our failure to select out and is fatally inadequate. energetically develop that large number of churches which are in a For the country as a whole it is position to render valuable service significant that the proportion of but which have never been suffiour population which is outside of ciently promoted. Among the spethe membership of all churches has cific problems involved here are remained the same for at least many of the hardy perennials of twenty-five years. Prior to that Home Mission history-such as the time the church consistently grew development of competent leadermore rapidly than the population ship; the provision of a just and as a whole. It almost seems as if reasonable minimum of salary; the the Church were content to peg its development of local financial rework at the point which it has now sources for the support of the reached with half of the population church; the encouragement of local in and half of it out of the church initiative and local m.anagement. membership. There are considerations here of The Problem of Development. ecclesiastical policy which run well beyond the range of home mission- This consideration leads us at ary responsibility or resources. once to a third one which might be There are three striking facts, called the problem of church devel- however, that apply with almost opment. The Congress definition equal force to all of the larger emphasizes the need "to supply Protestant denominations. The first adequate church leadership where is that each of them has a very the work of the present church is large number of churches which unsuccessful or inadequate." It are either chronically vacant or are seems not to be generally appreci-· quite inadequately served. Many ated that a large proportion of all such churches are served by men Protestant churches in both city who are compelled to make much of and country are below the point of their living outside of their minisnumerical and financial strength try. Others are so combined in which is adequate to the mainte- circuits as to put an unreasonable

burden upon their ministers and elementary parish school conducted provide the churches only with as the precursor of the public long-range and part-time care. The school which the people are not yet second fact is that our existing interested or able to maintain and system of church support provides having as its objective the provimany of our ministers with some- sion of the standard elements of an thing less than simple justice. elementary training. Many such Burdens are piled upon them which schools formerly conducted have a man can hardly carry and the long since been given up. They support is inadequate and often precarious. Looked at broadly, it have achieved their purpose of eduwould seem that we have not yet cating the community to a sense of learned how to make the most effective use of our ministerial per- the value of public education and sonnel or to enable them to make the state has relieved the church of the most effective use of their tal- what in our Protestant system we ents. The third fact demonstrated regard as a state responsibility. daily from end to end of our coun- Ultimately it is to be hoped Home try is that the community which Missions will not need anywhere to is over-churched is usually under- conduct schools of this type since ministered and the thing that hurts our aim as the Congress put it is is not so much the surfeit of "to supplement rather than to subchurches as the lack of construc- stitute for the responsibilities of tive personal ministry. the state in education."

The Problem of the Underprivileged Other more advanced or more specialized types of mission schools The fourth element of the Con- were developed in due course. gress definition concerns our service to those in need: "In the case These schools do more than the of handicapped or retarded areas state might do if it were willing or underprivileged groups, to as- and able. They discharge a spesist in providing those institutions cific and particular missionary purand services which are the neces- pose in relation to our total prosary elements·of a Christian stand- gram. The provision of a trained ard of living to the end that the and consecrated Christian leader- Christian community life may be ship will be a major objective for developed." This aspect of Home a long time to come in all of our Missions raises a problem which is twofold, to know when to provide distinctively missionary areas. such service and to know when to Other forms of service ministry cease to provide it. which were developed rather later The earliest missionaries to the than the mission school have at- American Indians found it desir- tained places of grealfinfluence in able to teach them to read and write and to instruct them in the the present program. Medical servrudiments of agriculture and hand- ice is perhaps the most fundamenicraft. The mission school naturally resulted. As developed through tal of these. The more impoverished the years it has taken a number of sections of the country are still characteristic forms. There is the woefully lacking in hospital facili- ties and competent medical and public health service. We have not in this country generally estab- lished either in theory or in prac- tice the responsibility of the state in this field. Our Indian population

is about the only considerable ex- are poor; or alien, or imperfectly ception and even here the provision adjusted to their environments, or made by the Federal Government groups in process of transition, is quite inadequate. While the mis- there is definitely room for this as- sion boards have done yeoman serv- pect of our ministry.

ice in many parts of the home Christ and the Social and Civic mission territory in equipping hos- Questions pitals, maintaining doctors and nurses and conducting a general The fifth and final aspect of the health program, this, in relation to Congress definition takes us into the existing need, is probably the the realm of applied Christianity.

most undeveloped aspect of our This emphasizes our responsibility program. To cite a single instance, "to bring the Christian impulse to the Dominican Republic has one bear upon the broad social and physician to every 8,700 people as civic questions of our day." We are compared to one physician for here concerned with a problem of every 700 people in the United interpretation and education rather States. There are just seven than with the conduct of specific trained Dominican nurses in the institutions or activities. No con- whole Repubtic, all of them gradu- sideration of the duty and oppor- ates of the mission hospital, or one tunity of the church can ignore the trained nurse to 128,000 people, question of the bearing of Chris- whereas in New York there is one tian principles upon those problems trained nurse to every 305 people. of our modern world which chal- An unstandardized, but very lenge the consistency of our Gospel.

valuable feature of the service pro- The Congress noted, for example, gram of Home Missions, is the that "the exceptional difficulties community or neighborhood house. under which many of our fields are In some sections the neighborhood laboring in this year of business house is. the forerunner of the depression accentuate the respon- church, doing the pioneer work in sibility in the field of economic an area where personal ministry is well-being. We believe our Home the only possible avenue of Chris- Mission Boards should take the tian approach. In other sections, leadership in summoning Christian notably in the service of the alien people to shape the economic struc- populations of our great cities, it is ture of American life in accordance a more or less permanent adjunct with Christian ideals. It is not to the church, providing those enough to deal with economic crises forms of adapted service to per- as they occur. So far as in us lies, sonal need which require a special- we must take measures to prevent ized equipment and training be- their occurrence and to guarantee yond the resources of the average to all our people an opportunity to conventional church. There are no achieve a Christian standard of practical limits to the degree to living."

which this type of service could Various aspects of this problem be profitably expanded whether come up at almost every stage of through a separate service station our work. If our concern is with or through special workers at- the Negroes, or with any of our tached to organized churches. As foreign-speaking groups, notably long as there are families which the Orientals on the coast and the

Mexicans in the southwest, we can- our ecclesiastical assemblies. A not be oblivious to questions of race rather impressive volume of resodiscrimination. If our concern is lutions have been passed. The difwith our great industrial popula- ficulty here does not seem to be in tions we cannot avoid an inquiry as determining what ought to be done. to what Christianity has to say The "unsolved problem" is how to about relations in industry. Unem- get it done. The Congress emphaployment and poverty cannot be sized that we ought now to pass viewed as exclusively economic from the "resolution" stage to the phenomena. International goodwill "action" stage by an aggressive is more than a political problem. movement of concerted effort with One might almost indefinitely elab- the dual purpose of eliminating orate the catalogue of questions competition and of cooperatively that point the moral that the extending our service to all un- Church today must concern itself served areas. To this end our first with all these problems of life ad- need is a question of attitude and justment in our modern world. spirit. We have the technique and the organization. What we need is Comity and Cooperation a wider diffusion of a cooperative spirit. At the same time it is nec- To this list of unsolved problems essary and desirable that we consuggested by the Congress defini- tinue to extend and develop the tion of Home Missions must be various cooperative organizations added two others. One is the prob- which in cities, states and nationlem of interdenominational comity ally provide the channels through and cooperation. The sincerest which our evangelical bodies may friend of the church must concede work together in their common that there is here an unsolved prob- tasks and study together their comlem of great urgency even while mon problems. contending what is undoubtedly the case, that rather remarkable prog- If we could find the way· to ress has been made in recent years deepen the spiritual life of the along this line. This was expressed Church we would doubtless in so in the Congress findings in the fol- doing increase its missionary zeal. lowing significant sentence: "It is If the church as a whole had an inthe plain truth that awareness of escapable conviction that it must go the significance of this problem is a forward, doubtless the means with modern development, that much of which to go forward would be the urgency of it is created by mod- found. In all our work primacy ern conditions, that we are trying must be given to the fundamental in a decade to undo the mistakes of religious motive. A stronger detera century and that, however uneven our success, we have made mination to prosecute the work of real progress and are developing the desire and the will to go for- the church will grow out of nothing ward to success." but a deeper religious experience. For some years now the question of interdenominational cooperation "What we need and what we believe has had the serious consideration the church at large needs is a renewed not only of mission boards but of and more vital consciousness of God; a sense that Jesus is Saviour and that there is none other either for the indi- vidual or for society, that without Him we can do nothing, that through Him we can do anything that needs to be done."

THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY

GONE?

BY THE REV. MALCOLM DANA, D.D., New Haven, Conn.

Director Oountry Life Depa,rtrneut" Cangrega.Uona,l Church Extcnsh.m BoardtS T HE distinctly open country "Urban? Why, bless your heart, type of church is probably we are nothing but an overgrown destined to share the fate of country town. This city is made up the crossroads store and the village of farmers who brought along with blacksmith shop. A town and coun- them their own habits and ways of try church is on the way with a looking at and doing things."

parish planned to include both cen- The visitor told this incident to ters and adjacent countrysides. an audience a while later, and re- Rural religion and the country marked: church are therefore entering upon "These people were describing a new and most important era, al- the same thing, but from opposite though their work may be more poles of experience. What is going qualitative than quantitative. Those on is interpenetration. City influ- interested are challenged to devise ences are backing up into the coun- new plans and programs suited to try, and rural folks are building a changed and changing country- themselves and their customs into side. The task is not an easy one. the life of urban centers."

It calls for a modern appraisement This movement calls for serious of the country church, and for a and thoughtful attention! Such thorough understanding of signifi- silent and subtle interchange chal- cant trends and movements in the lenges rural and city churches alike rural religious and secular fields. to see to it that neither institution Rural·Urban Interpenetrations suffers from this important give' and take.

Both the rural and urban reli- :Back·tier Populations gious forces are challenged to deal with a movement described by a In contrast to the merging of in- well-known sociologist. He was terests is the development of a new visiting in a small Iowa town and type of rural isolation. The fact referred to it as "rural." The clas- of diminishing popUlations is gen- sification was resented in some such erally recognized. But the effects words as these: of the exodus to the cities, and the "We are not rural, or different moving of country people out to from city folks. We dress and act paved highways are not so well as they do. We have city conveni- known. Nevertheless, back-tier ences in our homes, and go to urban populations are developing in many centers for our pleasures and en- quarters of the land. Superior folk joyments." still live in depleted areas and will A few days later he was talking continue to do so. But these migra- to one of the leading bankers of a tions are partly responsible' for large city not far distant from this "rural vice equalling anything to same village. He happened to use be found in Chicago, New York or the word "urban," which evoked Boston; spiritual illiteracy match- this comment: ing any book illiteracy to be found 679

in the 80uthern mountains; and a peals to mere sentiment and emo- need for medical missions almost tion.

as keen as in India and Africa." Attitudes Toward Mission Aid Nor are these conditions charac- teristic of regions where the great A fourth challenge asks for a distances and sparsely settled areas newly conceived, better designated might be expected to produce isola- and differently administered "mis- tion and loneliness. They exist in sion aid."

older and more populous states, and Rural churches were never more are often to be found only a few needed to help solve the problems miles back .from old and historic of the American countryside, and churches quite given to celebrating to assist in mitigating serious con- their one hundredth and one hun- ditions existing there. But dimin- dred and fiftieth anniversaries. In- ished memberships and constitu- deed, "overlooking" is fast being encies make it impossible for them recognized as a more frequent and to do the work alone and unaided.

reprehensible sin than that of the Nevertheless, there is a growing more talked about "overchurch- disinclination on the part of rural ing." Churches of the countryside ministers and churches, and even are therefore challenged to go out more on the part of young men who from even small centers to experi- are thinking of entering the min- ence the joys of "detours," and to istry, to be termed "missionary."

discover the blessedness of a new Some think the time has come to mission and field of work in the drop that word from the vocabu- region of back-country roads. lary of religious work. What was Passing of Pioneer Home Missions once a help has become a hindrance and an embarrassment. Churches Another challenge has to do with which are most needed, and which the passing of home missionary have the best right to help, are days. These days are gone, along generally the very ones that will with the disappearance of the fron- not ask for or accept so-called "mis- tiers, and rural work is becoming sion aid." This prejudice is ex- pretty much alike everywhere. Dis- plicable! Words change their pop- sertations on such themes as "The ular significance and meaning.

Modern Efficiency of the Country "Charity," for example, used to be Church" sound rather prosaic when a strong and self-respecting word compared to the more thrilling with little or no suggestion of con- tales of pioneer days. descension, almsgiving or dole.

These changes undoubtedly ex- Nowadays the worthiest poor re- plain, to some extent at least, the sent "charity" and abhor even the falling off in benevolent interest slightest idea of becoming "clients"

and giving, experienced by all of of some social service agency. It is the major denominations. Never- much the same with the word "mis- theless, the rural religious enter- sionary!" The term once stood for prise is challenged to vindicate pioneering, the heroic opening up sound theory which claims that ef- of hitherto unsettled lands, and the forts to increase the efficiency of building of new civilizations. But the average country minister and now the word has become too much his church will, in the long run, get of a label to indicate churches re- more permanent results than ap- ceiving financial aid. And churches

HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY CHURCH GONE1

which have always been independ- sistance will be given or withheld ent, but are now fallen on hard according to the will and wish of times, are not likely to sue for certain individuals. So, with in- "mission aid." Thus, work which creasing frequency, some of the should be pushed more vigorously most needed and worthwhile than ever, and along new and ad- churches, prefer to die rather than venturesome lines, often' languishes ask for or receive "mission aid" or dies. administered in such a manner.

State ideas and procedures may State ideas and practice are adeindicate the way of escape from a quate to meet the situation. Devery real dilemma. The state frank- nominational funds might be raised ly realizes a tendency for popula- and administered in the same imtions and money to concentrate at personal manner, as supplementaurban centers, thus leaving behind tion or equalization funds. When depopulated and impoverished churches have raised a fair proporareas. It therefore creates and tion of the money necessary to semaintains special funds to help in cure privileges commensurate with matters of schools, roads and their needs and opportunities, they health. When these places have also would automatically become raised a certain percentage of the beneficiaries of funds created to funds necessary to meet local needs, stimulate that very achievement. they become automatically benefi- In lieu of all that country churches ciaries of state moneys set apart have given up from time immemofor the express purpose of supple- rial that city churches might live, menting their own. Such procedure such assistance could never be conis self-operative, self-adjusting, sidered "charity" or even benevoand works everywhere the same. lence. It would be sheer justice! Money is not given or received as The arrangement would be accharity. On the contrary, the meth- cepted as a just and equitable od is considered a just and states- method whereby churches everymanlike one. It enables peoples where might be helped to a leaderand communities everywhere to get ship, equipment and means, suffiand maintain institutions and priv- cient to guarantee to remote and ileges which guarantee the same impoverished churches and areas high levels of citizenship through- the same high levels of religious out the entire state. privilege now possible only to more accessible and well-to-do churches Like conditions in the field of and regions. rural religion argue for similar ideas and a like strategy. Church Comparisons with Modern Agriculture populations have always drifted cityward resulting in depleted and The fifth challenge to rural reliimpoverished country churches. gion and the country church is for Nevertheless, the latter are expect- a technic and attainment which can ed to cope with the most exacting stand comparison with those of the period of their history. The task great avocation of the countryside is an impossible one! Therefore -agricultUre. these churches must ask help, if they are to receive any, from some The rural church simply must state official or board. The trans- continue to exist and get results in action is highly personal, and as- the face of heavy odds. Its task is

rendered doubly hard because it is he will have little or nothing to do forced into daily comparison with with either. They will not be able the technic and achievements of to command his respect, following scientific agriculture and machine and support. farming. And few churches can bide the test! Nevertheless, they This challenge to efficiency does are challenged to do so. Two phases not belittle a primary need for conof this requirement are worth con- secration, spiritual mindedness, or sidering. religious fervor and devotion on the part of the rural minister. It In the first place, the rural does maintain, however, that coloschurch is bound to cooperate in sal piety can never do its perfect producing successful farmers. A work until it operates by means of noted economist cites the fact that a technic and program comparable according to a natural law there is to those of scientific agriculture. a tendency for the best lands to Nor is such efficiency alone matter pass into the hands of the most of ministerial efforts. The rural efficient farmer. Therefore, if rural minister has other needs than those America is ever to be evangelized of financial assistance. State offithe Christian farmer must be the cials are challenged to become best farmer." These statements sug- something more than mere placegest two queries. If the inefficient ment men and money getters. They farmer is even now being pushed themselves must become efficiency off the soil, will not a similar fate experts and field specialists interovertake the inefficient country ested and informed in a now well minister in a coming day of fewer established rural church technic. and better churches? Again, if evangelization of the countryside is New Conceptions a matter of making the Christian farmer the best farmer, must not The eighth challenge bids the the rural church be vitally inter- rural minister and the country ested in a successful agriculture as church acquire and practice right well as in the more distinctly spir- conceptions of both community and itual achievements? parish.

In the second place, the rural Accusation is made that the Protminister must be the peer of the estant Church has always possessedfarmer. Twenty-three per cent of two great weaknesses. It has not the people are now food producers. had a theory of parish based upon But the claim is made that ten per a study of the area to which it cent of the population of the United ought to minister, and it thinks in States will ultimately feed the nine- terms of constituencies rather than ty per cent. What does that sig- of populations. Parish, it is afnify? This. That ten per cent firmed, has never been a geographfarmer is destined to be the most ical concept at all, but has been the intelligent, highly trained, indus- sum of the church's supporters and trious, and efficient farmer that the adherents. Churches are primarily world has ever seen. There is chaJ- concerned abo u t "birth-right" lenge to the rural minister and his members, or about peoples of parchurch! Both must watch that ten ticular social levels or intellectual per cent farmer in method, equip- types. Families can live within ment, industry and results, or else easy distance of a number of churches and yet be no part of the

HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY CHURCH GONE?

attentive concern of anyone of the same. According to the latest them. definition, a Larger Parish is "a Such faults are largely due to definite area, preferably one form- early policies of Home Missionary ing a natural community, where days when it was the custom for the religious groups join in a com- denominations to rush in pell mell, mon ministry, with a representa- all together, to occupy so-called tive council and a diversified serv- "strategic centers." Such irreli- ice."

gious competitions in turn begat This is a sound application of the two unpardonable sins of Prot- sociological discoveries. It is also estantism, viz., over-churching and following the lead of such move- over-looking. And, strangely, the ments as farmer cooperatives and second has always been resultant the consolidated school, and for from the first! Surveys show an similar ends. The Larger Parish almost universal fact! Whenever secures for the rural religious en- and wherever there is congestion terprise unity of action and a of religious privilege at village and larger area of patronage and sup- town centers there is always a cor- port. It makes possible better responding neglect of nearby and leadership and more ample equip- adjacent countrysides. ments. The cooperating peoples get Happily, the challenge to better together what no single group things is being accepted. A fact- of them might get alone. The pro- finding age, with its "survey meth- gram is a seven-day-a-week one, od," is fixing responsibilities for and considers the whole man and a newly discovered "actual commu- the entire life process. It is "com- nity" or "trade area." These com- munity minded," and seeks to dis- munities include both villages and prove the general accusation made their respective "town's land against rural churches, that very foundations." Catching step with few of them "are community sociology, enterprising ministers churches in the sense of actually and churches are perceiving that serving, or attempting to serve, all the "parish" must be identical with elements in the community and all these easily discoverable natural aspects of community life." It is communities. And services ren- also "activity centered," and at- dered by the rural minister and the tempts to do away with another country church must be to every weakness of the Protestant Church.

last soul living upon such an "in- "The most amazing thing about the habited area of land." country church is on how meager a program it can keep alive and satis- Ministry to Areas and Populations fied. Such a program costs very A final challenge to the rural little, and secures benefits for the minister and the country church is community that are proportional." to think and serve in terms of areas "Over-looking" is also to be banand popUlations. ished along with over-churching! The newer ideas of community Every individual and family living and parish are finding their best within the Larger Parish is not application in an increasing use of only to be discovered, but also made the Larger Parish. The latter is "a part of the attentive concern" perhaps more of a movement than of one of the cooperating churches, it is a technic and plan everywhere and of the Larger Parish itself.

AMERICA ENDURE

RELIGION?

BY THE REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D., New York Author of "The Fell_shi" vf Toil!'; Secretary 0/ the ROMd of National Mi8sions oJ the Presbytenan Church in the U. S. A.

N o ONE who knows history vantages which stable government will question the affirmation offers to the citizens, as a whole, that the religious need of and which orderly self-restraint the nation is its primary need. offers to each one, replace super- Until this is supplied the nation is natural sanctions and hold in check not secure and it cannot be free. the violence of masses and the self- A nation may exist without reli- indulgent impulses of the individ- gion but it cannot live without it. ual? History, if she cannot give a Experience has shown that reIi- complete answer to this question, gion is the most efficient of all fac- tells us that hitherto civilized so- tors in human history because it ciety has rested on religion, and furnishes at once essential ideas, that free government has pros- inspires great motives, controls so- pered best among religious peo- cial conditions and creates great pIes."

men. "Religion," said Daniel Web- Religion has a power that noth- ster, "is a necessity, an indispensa- ing else has to make bad men good, ble element in the life of a nation; to turn the profane to the holy, the there is no living without it." man unreal into the man most true.

Religion is the only basis upon Science has not that power, nor which a commonwealth that will has art. They are witnesses to the endure can be built. No amount of elevation of man, but they do not wealth or extent of culture has cause it. A noble religion causes ever given a nation strength when the elevation of man, creates his the religious element has been in science and his art. The forward decay. "Sometimes, standing in the movements of the world have been midst of a great American city," led by good men and women, per- says Mr. James Bryce in the Amer- sons made good by their religious ican Commonwealth, "one is star- ideals. History and experience tIed by the thought of what might prove that religion is the motive befaII this huge, yet delicate, fab- that turns the wheels of daily life, ric of laws and commerce and the inspiration that prompts self- social institutions were the founda- sacrifice, the force of will that re- tion it has rested on to crumble sists temptation and prompts obe- away. Suppose that all these men dience to truth, the aspiration that ceased to believe that there was develops character and guides con- any power above them, any future science. '-·'fII; before them, anything in heaven In America we are face to face or earth but what their senses told today with what may be called the them; . . . would man say, 'Let supreme moment in our history as us eat and drink, for tomorrow we a nation. It is the people who rule die'? or would custom, and sym- now, and unless God lives in and pathy, and a perception of the ad- rules through the people, the end 684 of all our struggles, the goal of all Democratization without Chris- our hopes and the boast of all our tianization is not sufficient to save progress wj]} be chaos, and chaos America. History shows that de- means death. No nation ever need- mocracy apart from religion is ed more than America needs the mechanical, powerless and lifeless high inspiration and guidance of -a form without a spirit. The an enabling and compelling reli- mere transfer of governmental and gious faith. social control from the self-seeking Socialization without Christian- few to the self-seeking many would ization is not sufficient to save not of itself be of any great benefit America. History abounds with to the nation or assure its endur- proof of the inadequacy of social- ance. Experience records the fact ization without moral impulse and that democracy apart from the spiritual power either to bring "fear of God" has always resulted about any permanent reform or to in failure, in disorder and in ter- account for it. The modern world ror. Lacking the spirit of Christ is beginning to see that no new leg- the Republics of Florence and Ven- islation win suffice. No new indus- ice yielded to dictators. For the trial system and changed economic same reason the first Republic of order in th~mselves will create the France passed through anarchy new social order which will insure and blood and then under the des- the endurance of the nation. There potism of the first Napoleon, and is no difficulty that cannot be over- the second Republic was easily come if one sets out with the right transformed into the empire of kind of citizens, but it must not be Napoleon Third.

forgotten that the chief sources of Democratization without Chris- our national and international tianity is not the way of salvation troubles are old-fashioned selfish- for a nation. Such a democracy is ness and ignorance. All efforts of a dead machine. Both history and socialization that ignore or evade experience demonstrate that de- the effects of selfishness and sin is mocracy cannot be worked without a socialization dealing with the a constant and practical recogni- symptoms of our social ills and not tion of the fundamental teachings its disease. What America needs of Christ, namely, the Fatherhood today is to be saved from the dis- of God, the brotherhood of man ease that is tarnishing its record and the infinite value of every hu- and impeding its progress; then in man soul in the eyes of God. When time the symptoms will take care democracy is based on these doc- of themselves. In laying the whole trines it is primarily a faith and stress on external conditions, in secondarily a form. Democracy is making these the main factors, the both a peril and a promise. With- chief element of the earthly para- out Christianity, it is a peril: with'

dise, socialization without Chris- Christianity, it is a promise.

tianization, is ethically imperfect Education without Christianity and inadequate to the purpose it is not sufficient to save America.

contemplates, n a mel y, that of Our fathers were wise in separat- bringing in a saved America ing the Church from education but wherein dwelleth righteousness, it does not follow that they intend- the only basis on which America ed to separate the Christian reli- can endure. gion from education. The effort to

do this has resulted in great in- be broken as soon as other ar- jury to both. If America is to en- rangements seem more profitable.

dure it must have the inspiration The Kingdom of God cannot be of religion and the restraint of claimed for America on any such education. "What God hath joined terms. The world waits for a de- together let no man put asunder," mocracy wise enough to rule and and experience is teaching us to- good enough to be trusted. It day that He has joined religion should be our prayer as Americans and education. To say that Chris- that such a democracy may be real- tianity has nothing to do with ized in America.

education is like saying that at- On the brow of the hill overmosphere has nothing to do with looking the bay where the Mayarchitecture. flower was moored they h a v e Character, rather than learning, erected a colossal statue of national is the primary need of a democracy significance. On the four corners that is to endure. Only as America of the pedestal repose four figures, is Christian can it endure. Social- representing Law, Morality, Freeization and education wit h 0 u t dom and Education. But above Christianity will inform America; these there stands erect the gigandemocratization without Christian- tic figure of Faith. Thirty and six ization will reform America, but feet she rises from the foot, which only as America is Christian can it rests upon a slate from Plymouth be transformed in a way that will Rock. With one hand she grasps insure its permanency. We shall an open Bible, and with the other never have a democracy in Amer- in graceful gesture she points the ica worth having on any other Nation to God. The only book she terms than those of Jesus Christ. opens to· the eyes of the world is He must be put into the thought the Bible-the book that has made of America, the conscience of the American Republic strong, and America, the relationships of the only book that can perpetuate America, the activities of America, it. The Bible has given us the only the spirit of America, if America true religion by which we have is to endure. Christ insisted that been led in our advances of liberty a nation's life, like man's life, con- and learning in the past, and the sists not in the things which it Bible offers us the only true relipossesses. Out of all the conflicts gion by which we can make progof abhorent forces it becomes clearer every day that the new ress in the cause of liberty and life order can only come to a nation in the future.

that has conquered animalism and God of our fathers, known .of old, has risen to the ranks of a brother- Lord of our far-flung battle line; hood founded on love and justice. Beneath whose awful hand we hold Mere social, political, economical Dominion over palm and pine; or educational conventions are like Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet, the treaties of nations-made to Lest we forget: lest we forget.

AS SEEN BY AN

BY PAUL AUH, Ph.D., New York Korean Dit:i8i(Jn~ Cornmittfc on PrifndtJj Rnlntions A mo'»g .Fo'rciyn Stttd(:nt8 T wo newly-arrived students in Men and the Elephant." Whatever America were engaged in an picture the present writer may argument about the price of paint of America can be only fragadmission to a moving-p i c t u r e mentary and not representative. theater. America is a paradox, a dilem- "How can that be possible," said rna. It seems to flourish outside one decidedly, "I paid fifty cents of logic, defying reason and disreonly yesterday to go into that the- garding consistency. The American ater, and yet you say you paid sev- scene is full of extremes, and conenty-five cents for the same thing!" fiicting and antagonistic tendencies.

The other retorted in a no less What is remarkable is that the firm tone, "The price sign called American people somehow seem to for that amount, and I complied find peace and calm in a life of with it." dualism. The typical American be- A third student came up and ing a realist, a pragmatist, seems asked what the argument was to gather enough harmony and about. When informed, he said: complacency in these inconsisten- "You are both wrong. The real cies. price is thirty-five cents. You fel- The visitor from the Orient finds lows being strangers here must in America opposing factors that have been cheated." baffle him. There are here two dynamically opposed philosophies The truth was that the three had of life, that taught by Western gone to the theater at three dif- civilization and that based on the ferent times when the admission teachings of Jesus. The contrast price was different: Weekday mat- inee, 35 cents; weekday evenings, becomes bolder because of the exag- 50 cents; Saturdays and Sundays, gerated emphasis upon material- 75 cents. All three students were istic philosophy. right, but only in part. This Western philosophy of life This incident roughly illustrates has taught the people of the West the difficulty of attempting to write to be acquisitive, aggressive, opon "An Oriental View of Christian pressive, individualistic, selfish, America" and describe any people dominating, and exploitative. It or culture. It is a difficult task but has nurtured the people on the it is doubly hazardous to attempt "Get-as-much-as-you-can" principle to characterize a country as vast of life; it has elevated hedonism and as complex as America. At to the throne of God; it has glori- present America is more like a fied force as the supreme virtue of "stew pot" than a "melting pot," man; it has exalted conquest as the and this complicates the situation highest achievement of mankind. still further. The foreign visitor is, Side by side with these rules of thus, unduly exposed to the danger conduct is a code of ethics set up of being like one of the blind men by Christ and directly opposed to in the story of "The Seven Blind the principles of materialistic civil- 687

ization. Christ taught a religion of sal peace and Christian brotherlove, self-sacrifice, humility, and hood, and yet their government renonresistance. It's system of ethics fuses to join the most useful agent is built upon the spirit of "Love of international conciliation and your enemy," and "Turn your other world peace. It is difficult for the cheek." It condemns brute force as Oriental mind to understand how base, hatred as inhumane. any people that recites day after day the petition, "Forgive us our These two systems have been trespasses as we forgive those who compelled to live side by side for trespass against us" can be a party the last twenty centuries. There is to lynching. no reconciliation between the two. They are incompatible. As a re- What is most baffling to the Orisult the West has attempted to live ental visitor is that the masses of a dual life, abandoning neither the American people are not conphilosophy and not fully accepting scious of such a dual living. Their either. complacency is a wonder.

Evidences of this dual standard The Oriental Christian is hurt of life abound everywhere. The for two reasons. First place, behistory of America especially cause he is an Oriental. His life abounds in examples. Here a for- and his religion are one, merged eigner finds the most kindly sort into his everyday conduct. He is of people, hospitable, thoughtful, taught to respect elders not as a sympathetic. But, on the other mere abstract theory, but as a hand, America is unanimously con- moral rule. He is instructed to redemned by the visitors from the gard wisdom as the highest way of East as· the most race-prejudiced, life, not as an idle principle. When un-Christlike country in the world. he is introduced to Christianity as Here one finds millions of dollars the religion of love, he takes it at spent for charity, both at home and its face value. The missionaries abroad, for public service, for mis- from the West show him the virtue sion work in foreign lands, and for of the Sermon on the Mount, and if many other types of work, and yet, he accepts its principles it becomes in contrast the foreign~r discovers his moral standard of conduct, and the most inhumane methods of not merely a set of beautiful ideals money-making, dollar-extracting, to be admired. and a mad lust for gold. The Oriental is deeply impressed with such Second, an Oriental is hurt in expressions of Christian devotion America because he is a follower as that stamped on coins-"In God of Christ. He keenly resents any We Trust." He witnesses the rep- abuse of Christian teaching. When resentatives of the people assem- he hears such expressions as bled in the Congress bowing their "lynch him ;"1 when he is called heads in prayer before making their deliberations, and then is as- :'Chinaman," in an offensive way;' tonished at the ease with which IS separated from other worshipers force is adopted as an instrument and is given an entire pew to himof national policy in its dealings with weaker nations. Teachers and 1 Refers to the meldent whiCh occurred in the preachers, leaders and other thinkers expound the benefits of univer- Cathedral of St. John the Divine In connection with a controversy between Judge Ben B Lin- say and Bishop Manning. .

'Refers to an incident in a New York City church.

AMERICA AS SEEN BY AN ORIENTAL

self3 in the temple of the God of In the meantime, the rest of the Love, it saddens and hurts him. world runs rampant.

Has the American Church ener- There are signs that the Amergetically combated the influence of ican Church of today is waking up. materialistic civilization? Unfor- It begins to see that religion must tunately it seems clear that the exert influence on the whole of life. Christian Church in America has Christians are accepting the chalfailed to bring a harmony between lenge of life issues and are comthe two divergent theories of life. bating evil influences instead of It has not succeeded in stemming retreating. A new dawn seems to the mighty torrent of materialism; be coming, and there are new reainstead, it has largely been swept sons to hope that the Christian reaside by the currents of material- ligion will ultimately build the istic teachings. Before the impos- Kingdom of God on earth. But the ing, glittering Towers of Babel, enemies are powerful. Will the the little temples of worship seem American people, who have been colorless and insignificant. Before nurtured with the milk of material the stampede of the powerful army comfort, be able to enjoy the life of mechanical civilization, the that Jesus lived? Christian Church seems to maintain its existence only by retreat- America may build the finest ing, conceding, and conforming. temples of worship, spend millions To the Oriental the American of dollars in Christian work, de- Christian Church seems to be an liver the finest sermons from its institution deprived of its soul and pulpits, produce the highest kind vital power. The living spirit of of literature on Christian dogmas, Jesus Christ seems to have been persuade everyone to attend church lost. The people are drunk with the services, and yet the real spirit and sweetness of material comfort. The soul of Jesus and His teachings Church has inherited a set of reli- may ultimately be found not in the gious dogmas and rites which mean West but in the East. less and less. The Christian religion has largely become class and The writer is not unappreciative race religion with purposeless and of the many American men and intermittent church-going. Reli- women who are the finest types of gion and life have grown apart. Christians. He has met here many kind, understanding, devoted, ear- 3 Refers to an incident in an Iowa church. nest Christians; but America as a whole is not Christian.

WHERE YOUTH ARE WANTED Dr. John R. Mott indicates seven lines of need for youth in active missionary service: (1) to fill important gaps in the missionary ranks; (2) to succeed competent missionaries who must soon retire because of old age; (3) "to supersede relatively incompetent workers;" (4) to reinforce the present staff in many fields in order to prevent the physical breakdown of over-worked missionaries; (6) to adequately man existing institutions in order to make their service more effective; (6) to give expert help in lines of specialization; (7) to enter totally unoccupied fields.

Western students raise the question: "Granted that we may be needed on the mission field, are we wanted there by the natives of the country?" This inquiry has been put to leading nationals in the Church in every mission field. Dr. Mott states the conclusion thus: "In all fields, occupied by three-quarters of the inhabitants of the non-Christian world, native Christian leaders without exception state that they both need and want more missionaries from the West, but they Bpecified that theBe must be the be8t that EurrYpe and America can provide."

4

BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

CHRIST AND THE VILLAGES IN And Jesus with his disciples with- drew to the sea: and a great multitude SCRIPTURE AND SONG from Galilee followed: and from Ju- dea … hearing what great things he For use with study book: "Christ did (Mark 3: 7-8). Comes to the Village." Song: "Glorious Things of Thee And Jesus went about all the vil- Are Spoken." lages teaching, and preaching and healing (Mat. 9: 35). And it came to pass, that he was going on the Sabbath day through the Song: "The Great Physician." grainfields; (Mark 2: 23).

And passing along by the sea of Song: "Far and Near the Fields Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the Are Teeming." brother of Simon casting a net in the sea: for they were fishers. And Jesus And in the morning, a great while said unto them, "Come ye after me, before day, he rose up and went out, and I will make you to become fishers and departed into a desert place, and of men" (Mark 1: 16-17). there prayed (Mark 1: 35).

Song: "Where He Leads Me I Will Song: "The Beautiful Garden of Follow." Prayer."

And seeing the multitudes, he went And it came to pass soon afterwards, up into the mountain: and when he that he went about through cities and had sat down, his disciples came unto villages, preaching and bringing the him: and he opened his mouth and good tidings of the Kingdom of God taught them, saying, (Luke 8: 1).

Blessed are the poor in spirit: for Song: "Hold the Fort." theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Now as they went on their way, he Blessed are they that mourn: for they entered into a certain village: and a shall be comforted. certain woman named Martha received him into her house (Luke 10: 38). Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. Song: "Let the Saviour In.''

Blessed are they that hunger and thirst And he went forth again by the sea after righteousness: for they shall side; and all the multitude resorted be filled. unto him, and he taught them (Mark 2: 13). Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. Song: "Peace Be Still."

Blessed are the pure in heart: for And Jesus went forth, and his dis- they shall see God. ciples, unto the villages of Cresarea Phillipi (Mark 8: 27). Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called sons of God. Song: "The Old Rugged Cross."

Blessed are they that have been per- They (His disciples) therefore, secuted for righteousness' sake: for when they had testified and spoken the theirs is the kingdom of heaven. word of the Lord, returned to Jeru- salem and preached the Gospel to many Blessed are ye when men shall re- villages (Acts 8: 25). proach you, and persecute you, and say all manner of evil against you Song: "Lord, Speak to Me." falsely, for my sake.

Rejoice and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets who were before you (Mat. 5: 3-12).

690

METHODS FOR WORKERS

And again he began to teach by the Jesus withdrew from thence in a sea side. And there is gathered unto boat, to a desert place apart: and when him a very great multitude, so that the multitudes heard thereof, they folhe entered into a boat, and sat in the lowed him (Mat. 14: 13). sea (Mark 4: 1). Song: "In the Secret of His Pres- Song: "The Life Line." ence."

And it came to pass that he went Woe to him that buildeth a town out into the mountain to pray; and he with blood (Habakkuk 2: 12). continued all night in prayer to God (Luke 6: 12). Song: "Lest We Forget."

Song: "In the Garden." And wheresoever he entered, into villages, or into the country, they laid And as he entered into a certain the sick in the marketplaces, and bevillage, there met him ten men who sought him that they might touch if it were lepers (Luke 17: 12). were but the border of hi,s garment: and as many as touched him were made Song: "Where Are the Nine?" whole (Mark 6: 56).

There arose a great persecution and Song: "Song of Galilee." * they (all of His disciples) were scattered all abroad throughout the re- Each gentle dove and sighing bough gions of Judea and Samaria … and That makes the eve so blessed to me went about preaching the word (Acts 8: 1-4). Has something far diviner now, It bears me back to Galilee. Song: "Faith of Our Fathel's." Chorus And he went on his way through cities and villages teaching (Luke o Galilee! sweet Galilee! 13: 22). oWhGearelileJee!sussweloevtedGasloileme!uch to be: Song: "We've a Christ for the Vil- Come sing thy song again to me! lages." (Tune: "We've a Story to Tell to the Nations.") Each fiow'ry glen and mossy dell, Where happy birds in song agree, We've a Christ to take to the village, And tell them of God's great love; Through sunny morn the praises tell A Christ who died to save them, Of sights and sounds in Galilee. A Christ who reigns above, A Christ who reigns above. And when I read the thrilling lore And the darkness shall turn to dawning, Of Him who walked upon the sea, And the dawning to noon day bright, When we take Christ to the village, I long, oh, how I long once more With His message of love and light. To follow Him in Galilee!

• Words by R. MorriS, LL.D.; Music by H. R. Palmer.

WORSHIP THOUGHTS OF A FURLOUGHED MISSIONARY A missionary sits alone in the crowd, thrilled by a harmonious beauty of the Christian Cathedral that dwarfs the shabby wonders of the East. A letter is in his pocket: •….. "We deeply regret finances do not permit your return to the field."

What would that stooped old Indian village Christian think of this delicate symmetry of the chancel carving? ….. What richness of organ and choir voices …… The cost of that organ would endow the school forever. What a processional of consecrated young lives that would mean!

Foolish dreams! …… Poor B-, out there alone……. Just a boy trying to do a pastor's work in a village full of ignorance……. So many problems …… Why didn't I wait until next year to take my furlough?

What a gem of a window! I hadn't seen that before. How unique, and how it fits the niche among the arching pillars, ….. Could anyone help worshiping here?

After all, the mud village is so minute, so unimportant. This is the very Presence of God!

What's this dull ache in my heart …… ?-George B. Garden, En Route to India, June, 1!J31, The Chri8tian Advocate.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions- FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America AN UNTOUCHED MIGRANT FIELD shoes, and food. What a Mexican should be paid is just enough to live on, with BY EDITH E. LOWRY maybe a dollar or two to spend. That's all he deserves. If he is paid any more In a study of Mexican labor in the he won't work so much or when we need United States made recently by Paul him; he's able to wait around until we S. Taylor, of the University of Cali- have to raise the price above what's fornia, we discover ·something of the legitimate.'

extent of a migrant field, to date un- "The pressing need for Mexicans in touched. In Dimmit County, Texas certain seasons is indeed some protecthere has been developed a cycle of tion to them. As was said by one crops including corn, casaba melons, grower who regretted that their cotton, egg plant, peppers, squash, wages are not higher, beans, spinach, lettuce, beets, broccoli, onions, citrus .fruit, strawberries and " 'The Mexicans' only protection is that cantaloupes. The laborers used in the they are the only labor available, and cultivation and harvest are for the you can't treat them too badly and hold most part Mexican and many are mi- them. The relations between Mexican grants. laborers and American employers are fine, and are regulated under economic, The peak seasons when the migrant not personal pressure.'

is in demand are from late October to "The attitude of Americans toward January and during April and part of education of Mexicans within their May. Here, as in other sections, the midst exhibits a wide range. The Mexican is making an inestimable con- dominant view is the one expressed by tribution to our national life and yet an onion grower: -what does he receive in return! "'The little education they get in the The following excerpts from this schools here spoils them, and makes them study reveal some of the difficulties trifling. They become peddlers and bootthe Mexican is facing. leggers, or seek some easy way of mak- ing a living. They don't want to do this "The view that 'the lesoS you pay (onion-clipping) or other work. Some them the more work you get done' is of them are bright, and get a good educommon among south Texas farmers. cation at San Marcos (colleges) or some The grower next quoted outlined the other institution, and are fine people. position in detail. Not knowing my They should be taught something, yes. identity, but suspecting my northern But the more ignorant they are, the origin, he voiced doubt that I would better laborers they are. The law which understand the point of view: keeps them out if they can't read (liter- acy test) keeps out the best laborers and " 'I saw an article by a northern woman; lets in the worst. If these get educated, she gave it to the farmers here pretty we'll have to get more from Mexico.' hard. Perhaps I'm talking to the wrong man; if you are from the North you "Another observed, won't understand. The Mexican is getting paid about four bits too much; he "'The white children are in school and gets from $1.50 to $2 a day. He should the Mexicans in the fields. The whole get about 3il. When he has a dollar in community wants to make a living and his pocket he won't work. You get more get rich out of Mexican labor.'

onions transplanted at 5 cents a row "A merchant who, like the grower tnhaatnureyoouf dthoe aMt e1x0iccaenn. ts.HeInt'esedjsusatbtohuet I~t quoted was unsympathetic W.Ith $8 a week, if he has a family, for clothes, thiS point of view, said: 692 "'They seem to be afraid that if they "'Because a – – – greaser is not fit learn, they can't handle them as well as to sit beside a white girl. Anybody who they do now. They seem to be afraid wants to get into trouble around here they will unionize and ask higher wages. can just try to put them in the same Some farmers are afraid that if the school. A man would rather his daugh- Mexicans are educated they will want ter was dead than that she should marry to buy land. Well, why not? They are a Mexican. The Mexicans are too dirty entitled to it. and filthy. If they separate in school the children learn the difference and they "Religion was cited both for and won't mix with the Mexicans. Of course, against the education of Mexicans if they contend for it, we will either have . . . It was a descendant of the earli- to take them into the school or else est settlers of the county who invoked build them another.' religion in favor of their education. "Separation is maintained even "'These people should have recogni- when admittedly uneconomic. As a tion, I say. They should be educated, -school official in one town stated, but it will have to come from some one that feels truly the need of the Bible "'We are going to build a new high quotation, "Do justly, love mercy, and school, and would have room to take the walk humbly before thy God.'" Mexicans in a (separate) room (in the American school), but the board is "Another south Texan with a strong afraid of public sentiment and will not religious strain, who had lived in the do it. They say they will build a sepacounty since cattle days also invoked rate school (for the Mexicans). It isn't the moral and religious appeal: economic.'

"'The Americans do wrong to the "An old woman opposed separation: Mexicans. As a Christian people we 'When we die we are all the same.''' should see that they are educated.' YENCHING CHAPEL "School authorities and teachers, like the general American population The Rural Evangelist Speaks of the county, were divided in their views. Some who did not favor edu- A recent Sunday morning service cating Mexicans have already been of worship at Yenching University quoted. Generally the teachers of was especially impressive. Dr. T. C. Mexicans thought the Mexicans should Choa, University Chaplain, was in be educated, and chafed under inade- charge of the service. The speaker, quate facilities, although one said in Mr. Tsai Yung Ch'un, was a young a bewildered sort 'of way, man with a fine spiritual face. Mr. Tsai was formerly a student at Yen- " 'I have wondered why they don't en- ching, having been graduated last force the attendance law. I see numbers June. For some months he has been who.have never been to school. We now working as a country evangelist for have more than we can do justice to. the American Board Mission in the We don't have time to do as good work villages around Paotingfu and Tinghas in the American school. If they went sien. As he told of the needs of these to school, it would raise their standard rural people and tne insistent call of of living, but of course onion work is service for them, his face revealed the what we have for them to do.' deep sympathy which he had for them, the Christian love which filled his "From a tenant farmer in a district heart, and the desire to give all, that with one school admitting only Amer- he might bring t[) them the uplifting icans came the most vigorous and emo- power of J eBUS Christ. tional utterance which I heard. In response to an inquiry as to why Mex- He told of how when he was about icans were not admitted to their to leave a certain village, word went school, put as mildly as I knew how, around among the church members, he flared back a reply charged with and that evening a number of them race, sex, and class antagonism: gathered at the house where he was staying. They were unable to express

the feeling that filled their hearts. voice saying, 'Be Jesus to them. Move They asked him to lead them in sing- among them in the way the Heavenly ing, "God Be With You Till We Meet Father would-that is your message.' " Again." Then for a long time they talked together. Finally one of them We were told that over eighty per suggested that they pray together. cent of the Chinese population belong Mr. Tsai said: "I prayed. I felt it to the peasant class. About ninety hard to leave them, for I don't know per cent of the whole population are when or who will come again to this rural people. "What is China but this village to be their helper. I could rural mass? If you want to save only put them in the care of our Fa- China you must save the masses. They ther. After my prayer, every one of are the real China." them prayed. So although the village homes are unheated, village life is In closing Mr. Tsai said, "I would warm. Oh, how I love that warmth!" like to present to you a word from Jesus: 'Unless a grain of wheat falls With great earnestness Mr. Tsai on the ground and dies, it remains told of the needs of these village pec just one grain. But if it lives, it yields pIe. He said: "The villagers are suf- a great harvest.' " fering from ignorance, poverty, disease and sellshness, the four great I came away with mingled feelings enemies of China." of great sorrow because of the suf- ferings of China's millions, and great As a concrete illustration, he told of joy in my heart because of Christian a twelve-year-old girl who was so Chinese young men and women, such bright that after studying three as the one we had just listened to, months in a class she was able to read whose consecration, Christ-like love the New Testament. When Mr. Tsai and faith in God, and self-sacrificing came to the viJIage he said, "This girl service give promise of a better, must have a chance for further edu- brighter day for China-a day of cation." But when he visited her more equal opportunities, of brotherhome, her parents said to him: ly love, and Christian fellowship made "Teacher, you see this girl. When- possibl.e through the mighty working ever a teacher comes to stay in the of Jesus Christ our Saviour. village she drops everything and goes to attend the class. But we are poor THE AMERIOAN INDIAN farmers. We cannot afford to let her go. At home she ean help to spin and Study for 1932-1933 earn a few coppers a day." Those who have felt the need for Other instances of privation, lack an up-to-date presentation of the of opportunity, and suffering touched American Indian situation and have the hearts of his hearers, and as the hoped for a year of study on this subdepth of his sympathy and love for ject, wiJI rejoice to know that .The these people sometimes choked the American Indian will be the theme for words, I saw more than one of the the interdenominational home mission listeners wipe the tears away. books in 1932-1933.

After giving other illustrations, Mr. Because of changes in per.sonnel Tsai said, "These all are suffering and management, the Indian Service from problems which are rooted in has been in the public eye constantly ignorance, poverty, disease or selfish- for the pa.st few years, and so it is ness." particularly fortunate that the Mis- sionary Education Movement and "During my first days in Tingh- Council of Women for Home Missions sien," the speaker continued, "I was were able to secure the consent of Dr. tackling the question 'What message Lewis Meriam, one who is thoroughly have I for the villagers 7' After these conversant with all aspects of the situfew months of work, and in the face ation, to prepare the book for adults. Dr. Meriam, who was the Technical of I'llch Slffl)rings, I feel within me a

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Director of the Survey of Indian Af- A course book for Juniors, containfairs conducted under the Institute ing source materials and suggested for Government Research at Washing- procedures will be prepared by Miss ron, is a member of the Society of Katherine Gladfelter, author of "Un- Friends (Quaker) and has a deep der the North Star." There will also personal interest in the Indian mis- be a reading book for this age group sionary work of the Church. written by Miss Dorothy Cate of the staff of the Indian Department, Na- His book will not deal with the past tional Board of the Y. W. C. A. but with the future of missionary work among the American Indians. For primary children there will be According to the tentative plan which a course book, containing source mahas been outlined, such subjects as terials and suggested procedure, prethese will be treated: Social and eco- pared by Mrs. Florence Crannell nomic condition of the Indians, or- Means, author of "Rafael and Conganized effort for Indian advancement, suelo" and Mrs. James F. Riggll. understanding the Indian point of view, attitudes of white people toward The Home Missions Council and the Indians, what is to become of the Council of Women for Home Missions, American Indian in the United States, which through the Joint Committee on winning Indian cooperation, coopera- Indian Work place directors of relition with the Government, evangelical gious education in the large non-reserwork, missionary service to Indian vation Government Boarding Schools families and communities, relation of and cooperate with the Government in missionaries to education of Indian helping to bring about better condiboys and girls, personnel for the mis- tions of living for the Indians, will be sionary enterprise. In brief, the book able to supply helpful supplementary will fall into two sections, the first material for use in connection with part dealing with the Indian situation this study. as it is today and the second with the outstanding opportunities for Chris- HOW TO OBSERVE LABOR tian service. SUNDAY Mi,ss Winifred Hulbert, the author of "West Indian Treasures" has been BY JAMES MYERS spending the past months visiting the Indian schools and mission centers Mr. Myers ts Industrial Secretary, Social throughout the country with the pur- Service Commission, Federal Council of the pose of writing a book for young peo- Churches of Christ In America, ple which will attempt to reflect the thought and aspiration of Indian The Sunday immediately preceding young people about conditions among Labor Day has been set aside by the their people and their own future. churches as a special occasion for drawing attention to the spiritual and Arrangements have been made to human values involved in labor and publish an adventure story for Inter- industrial relations. The Social Servmediates entitled "Three Arrows" by ice Commission of the Federal Coun- Rev. E. Ryerson Young, of Canada, a cil has issued as usual a Labor Sunday missionary of long experience among Message which is requested to be read the Indians of western Canada. The from the pulpit on Labor Sunday, story is founded on fact, especially on September 6th. Many churches also the life work of Robert Rundle, and post a copy of the Message on the shows how the labors of the early church bulletin board or give out missionaries have helped to prepare c'Opies at the close of the service. The the Indians for the new day. A "unit" Message this year deals with economic course with suggestions for group security for the worker,s as a demand ,sessions and with background material of human brotherhood and stresses will be issued for leaders. the necessity of all forces in society now planning permanent preventives of unemployment, as well as meeting the problems of immediate relief. It

is a clear challenge to the churches to during the coming winter. Detailed take the leadership in promoting a suggestions may be had from the So- Christian 80cial order which will abol- cial Service Commission, but especial attention is called to the need of study ish unemployment.* in women's missionary societies, young people's groups and adult Bible classes Realizing that ,something more than of present social conditions, of the mere pronouncements are needed in principles upon which a Christian soorder to show the way toward this de- cial order should rest, and of suggestsired goal, the Social Service Commis- ed waya toward its accomplishment. sion, together with the Social Action Because of the comparative dearth of Department of the National Catholic available discussion material in this Welfare Conference, and the Social field, the carefully prepared "Discus- Justice Commission of the Central sion Outline on Unemployment,"t Conference of American Rabbis, held published by Association Press, will in Washington last winter a confer- be especially wei com e d by the ence on Permanent Preventives of Un- churches. This course includes sugemployment. The sixteen notable ad- gestions for practical projects in redresses delivered at the Conference by lief work by church groups as well as leading employers, economists, govern- supplying a discussion outline of the ment officials, labor leaders and church great economic problems involved in representatives are now available in building a Christian social order. It printed f'orm and supply a rich source includes also significant reference quoof information; Copies may be secured tations, source material and bibliogfrom the Social Service Commission raphies. Perhaps no one thing would at 50 cents apiece. do more toward promoting conscien- tious concern and intelligent, conatruc- The Social Service Commission re- tive action toward a Christian social quests also that special prayel'S be order than to have thousands of offered in the churches on Labor Sun- groups in our churches following this day for relief of economic distress and l!ourse of study and action during the for divine light and leading toward coming winter. It would constitute the building of a brotherly economic a most effective follow-up for Labor order in which there shall be such Sunday. economic security for the masses of men as shall promote the good life for REQUESTS all. Miss Helen M. Brickman, Director In many cities union services of the of Indian Work, Home Missions Counchurches are held–sometimes out- cil and Council of Women for Home doors in the public park-with special Missiona, returned from her recent speakers, an employer, a labor union trip to the Indian field with these releader, a minister, and perhaps a city quests. Perhaps you or your friends official. In any case, all ministers are may be able to help. requested to preach on the religious significance of labor and industrial The Friendship Club, composed of problems. Suggestions for sermon Indians living and working in Albumaterial and a bibliography have been querque, New Mexico, needs games prepared and may be had from the and music for an orchestra. They Social Service Commission. meet every other week, bringing their supper and spending the evening to- It Is particularly important that gether. There are usually about sixty Labor Sunday shall usher in a con- in attendance. tinuing program in the churches in social service and industrial relations *Additional copies of the Labor Sunday Mes- t'·UneIp.ployment. a Discussion Outline" presfige ean be obtained from the Commission on pared by Prof. Harrison Elliott. Prof. Erdman Harris, of Union Seminary, New York, Miss the Church and Social Service, Federal Coun- Nellie M. Day of Chicago, and James Myers cil of the Churches of Christ in America, 105 may be obtained from the Association Press, East 22nd Street, New York; price $1.00 per 347 Madison Avenue, New York. hundred, 4 cents per single copy.

At the government hospital at La- plies were carried by horses, mules, guna, New Mexico, both the doctor and oxen, which obtained their suband nurses pled for hymn books and sistence from the grass that grew not sacred records for a portable victrola. too plentifully along the route. Hav- ing passed beyond the limits of civili- Any of the above should be sent to zation, and having left churches and Mr. J. C. Ross, 324 Columbia Avenue, religious institutions behind, the re- Albuquerque, New Mexico. straints of the Sabbath were soon for- gotten by most, and all days were alike The children and young people at employed in a diligent march onward. one of the government hospitals near The company of which I was a mem- Riverside, California, asked for sto- ber, however, had halted for one or two ries and story papers. These may be Sabbaths. Stopping one Sunday near sent to Saboba Hospital, San Jacinto, where several routes converged, one of California. our company counted 197 teams that passed during the day. The idea of NOTICE losing our advanced position-for we had started early in the season-and The Department of Study of the Na- week by week getting farther and fartional Board of the Young Women's ther behind, was not relished. The Christian Associations is offering a best of the grass, if not all of it, would course on "The Social Awakening of be used up by those ahead of us. The the Churches, 1850-1930," under the absence of any religious services and leadership of Dr. Vida D. Scudder for other reasons were adduced against many years professor of English Lit- stopping, and those who were in favor erature at Wellesley College. of resting were in the minority. But after the day's rest, on resuming our This course is to be given once a journey next morning we were not a week for twelve weeks, beginning the little surprised at the rapid gait of our week of September 28th at the national teams as compared with those of other headquarters, 600 Lexington Avenue, companies. In two days we had over- New York, N. Y. The day will prob- taken and passed more teams than had ably be Tuesday or Wednesday and the passed us on Sunday; and all the week time suggested is either late afternoon through we added to the number. or a morning hour. There will be a When the next Sunday came around tuition fee of ten dollars. every voice was for resting all day, and so we continued to observe the Sab- Since it will probably be necessary bath all the way through. I afterward to limit registrations for the course, compared notes with other similar the Department of Study for Associa- trains that traveled every day, and tion Leadership will be glad to have found that not only were they weeks at an early date the names of those longer in performing the journey, but likely to attend with a ,statement as to that they had lost many of their cattle preference for a late afternoon or and horses in crossing the last desert, morning session. while the remainder were unsaleable when they arrived at the journey's end TEMPORAL VALUE OF SABBATH because in so poor a condition. Ours, on the other hand, all arrived in good OBSERVANCE condition and readily sold for a good price."-Bulletin, Woman's National Col. W. H. Paine, one of the engi- Sabbath Alliance. neers of the Brooklyn Bridge, gives this account: "Some years since, before a railroad was built or a stage line established across the plains, there was a large emigration to California over land. The necessary sup-

ORW-WIDf

JAPAN. CHOSEN opportunity to be taken? What it will mean to the whole Christian campaign, The P?ess and Religion in Japan especially in the country parts, to have the daily press carrying regular and ONE of the most significant features good Christian articles cannot be over- of the present religious situation estimated. in Japan is the growin~ publidty given by the press to religious news and ideas. The newspaper editor knows Peasant Gospel Schools in Ja.pan public opinion and would not provide such articles if he did not feel that WITHIN the last three years, peashis readers desired them. The Osaka ant Gaspel schools have become a Mainichi, the biggest paper in the definite part of the program of the country, has now a religious column Christian forces in Japan. They occuappearing two or three times a week. pyan important place in the 1931 plans It started this feature some years ago, of the Kingdom of God Movement. dropped it and re-started it in answer These schools are deemed so important to popular demand. The Y omiuri, an- that last April, the Kingdom of God other big daily, has a full-time reli- Movement conducted a conference for gious editor and two or three columns the enlisting and training of leaders of religious matter every day. Other for these schools. Those connected big papers frequently carry religious with such schools shared their ex- periences with others who contemplate articles. entering upon similar lines of rural In the provinces the situation is even evangelism.

more hopeful. One paper is paying The first peasant Gospel school in for material supplied, and is the pio- Japan was opened in Osaka as recently neer of what will be the usual proce- as 1926 by Dr. Kagawa and Rev. M. Sugiyama. It was inspired on the one dure in future, if the religious forces hand by the Danish folk high schools, and on the other by the dire needs of are prepared to take the opportunity rural Japan. It was conducted for thus offered. Christian writers get a one month, and the membership was generous share of space and have no limited to fifteen young farmers, who cause for complaint. came from as many different prefec- tures. The curriculum was divided The Japan Christian News Agency, into three general subjects: the hisa cooperative and interdenominational tory of civilization, rural sociology, body, is issuing two articles a week, and Bible. Its purpose was to train which are syndicated to about forty young men who would return to their papers. It is only limited financial home villages as leaders. This school resources which prevent an almost un- has been continued yearly under the limited expansion. With adequate leadership of Mr. Sugiyama and since backing there is no reason why it then several rural schools have sprung should not be possible to have a Chris- up.-A. R. Stone. tian news agency of equal status with other news agencies in the country, The Kingdom of God Campaign providing good up-to-date material to the secular press. Once such a goal is reached, the agency will be in a posi- tion to support itself and so make a THE emphasis in the movement this permanent contribution to the evan- year is put on the mobilization and gelization of Japan. Is this present training of the laity for active and ef- 698

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fective service. Laymen's Training ADlerican FilDl8 a Menace Conferences are conducted for different parts of the empire. One has been MANY modern films are a menace held in Tokyo for Eastern and North- to the moral life of Japan and the ern Japan and one at Nara for Central National Christian Council of Japan and Western Japan. A total of 1,500 has been asked to take steps to secure laymen and laywomen attended these a stricter censorship on the part of the two gatherings. A high spiritual note police department in Tokyo. The chief was struck in each session. Japanese censor on his own initiative stated that their greatest problem is In order to project the campaign with the films from America. He said. into the unreached rural area with its that many of these films are highly 30,000,000 farming folk and its 12,000 detrimental to the morals of the Japunoccupied villages, short term peas- anese people and he hoped that the ant Gospel schools will be held in every National Christian Council would take possible rural district. The purpose steps to secure the stoppage of the of these schools is to train picked coming of these undesirable American young men and women from the vil- films. lages for Christian leadership in their own respective areas. The Executive Committee of the Council voted to call the attention of A "Training Institute for Peasant the Federal Council of the Churches of School Leaders" was held in Tokyo, Christ in America to this situation and April 9th and 10th and about 100 Jap- ask them to take every step possible anese Christian workers, laymen and to prevent the continued influx of unmissionaries especially interested in desirable American films into Japan. rural work attended this institute and acquainted themselves with the pur- This action was not inspired pripose, program and technique of this marily by missionary influence. The means of bringing the impact of the committee which called on the police Gospel to bear upon Japan's rural life. censor was composed entirely of Jap- anese. This protest against the type Abolition in Japan of American film coming to Japan is a protest from both Christian and non- EIGHT more prefectures have passed Christian Japanese. bills abolishing licensed prostitution – Fukui, Fukushima, Saitama, Effects of Newspaper EvangelisDl Akita, Niigata, Nagano, Kanagawa and Okinawa. THE newspaper evangelism method, in operation for a number of years, To date abolition has not been put seems to bring incalculable results in into effect, with the exception of Sai- reaching the people. In Tokyo, where tama where the last licensed houses a C. M. S. missionary is cooperating were actually closed on the 27th of with Japanese workers in this plan of December last. Saitama thus becoytles campaign, over 10,000 inquiries about the second prefecture in the empire to Christianity were received during free itself from complicity in this busi- 1930. One of the most important Japness, the other being Gumma where anese newspapers has welcomed arabolition was effected 36 years ago. ticles, and as a result applications for further news have come from all parts For the first time in Japanese legal of the Japanese Empire. Requests behistory a verdict was given in the ing received come mainly from young Osaka District Court declaring it no men of average education. crime to repudiate the debts owing to the keeper of a house of prostitution. Medical EvangelisDl in Chosen If this decision is sustained it will be epoch-making and will spell doom for T HE evangelists in Pyengyang Unthe system by which girls are bought ion Christian Hospital, Korea, under the specious pretence of making preached last year to thousands of in- ~ J9an.-E. C. Hennigar.

dividuals. About 110 showed signs of 60,000; probably one half have heard true repentance and a desire to become the Gospel. Christians. A Lay Evangelist A man who lost his eye in a fight some two years ago, became a Chris- To THE little village of Sol-Chang-i tian during treatment at the hospital (Wonsan District), there came one and went home where he led his wife day a young man who had been a and mother to Christ. He forgave his teacher in Mukden, Manchuria, but enemy instead of going to law for who had been compelled to return to damages, and this made a sensation in Korea in search of health. He was an his town. He is now an active and earnest Christian so he began to hold respected Christian. church services and one by one the families in the village were led to at- Another man, who is now a strong tend them. Today there is only one minister in the Presbyterian Church, family left in the village which is not was suffering with a boil on the neck Christian. His attention was also which gave him considerable pain. He drawn to the children who were growgave vent to his feelings with no un- ing up without an education. He orcertain sound, whereupon the doctor ganized a little school and began to said: teach them. At first he received no remuneration for this work, but later "Would to God you had as much the parents of his pupils offered to pain over y~lUr sins!" give him his food in exchange for his labor on behalf of their children. An That remark led to the transforma- interesting story is told of this man, tion of his life and a fruitful Christian that among other things he taught his ministry. pupils a temperance song and that their custom was to parade through Among Chinese in Korea the village every evening, singing it. As a result of this practice the saloons FOR many years the Federal Council in the village received less and less of Protestant Evangelical Missions patronage, until finally they were all in Korea has aided in evangelistic compelled either to close or to move work among the thousands of Chinese elsewhere. living in this peninsula. The Chinese themselves have given a total of yen ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC 3,639.94 to this work. There are six established centers, all occupying their Ne…. Philippine Field own buildings. These are in Seoul, Chemulpo, Wonsan, Pyengyang, Fusan APART of the Philippine field which and Hokuchin. New work is being the Presbyterian Board has handopened in Chunju, with a Chinese- ed Over to the Baptists consists of the speaking Korean giving half his time, Palawan Islands, declared to be the with still another beginning in Taiku. mQst needy and difficult field of the Philippines.. Dr. Thomas, of the Bap- In three of the stations there are tist Mission staff, after two months' day schools, where 83 boys and girls careful survey, reports at least 100,000 are taught the Bible, and a few have pagans who have never heard the Gosbeen baptized. The pupils all come pel. They have no written language, from heathen homes, and many are are pitifully poor, without any medical bringing their parents with them to care, but eager to receive friends who the services, will guide and help them. Dr. 'Thomas recommends that Filipino preachers A preaching tour extending to the be sent there at once, later an Amer- Manchurian border disclosed 14 pro- ican to supervise. He urges a farm fessing Christians, representing Pres- school rather than bringing the peobyterians, Baptists, Anglicans, Salva- ple from their mountain sections into tion Army, Marshal Feng's army, and one each from Wonsan and Fusan churches. The Chinese are scattered throughout Korea, and number about

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a town that is expensive and takes Celebes. Chinese are learning the them from their own environment. Malay language, and make excellent missionaries. The work has been greatly strengthened by the coming of a young Scotch- The Gospel for W orrora man, Alexander Sutherland, who has worked under the Baptist Mission of WHO are the Worrora? A tribe of Scotland in the Orkney and Hebrides aborigines inhabiting a corner of Islands. In addition to theological and Northwest Australia, numbering about Bible study, Mr. Sutherland has had 300 persons. All adult Australian training in tropical medicine, den- aboriginals speak several languages, tistry and house building, all of which their own and those of their neighbors will make him very useful in this new on either hand. Counting the neighfield. boring tribesmen who understand Worrora, there are perhaps one thou- Philippine Churches Unite sand aboriginals at present who speak this language. Worrora is a primitive, T HE Presbyterian, Congregational synthetic language, one where whole and United Brethren Churches in groups of thought are built up in long the Philippine Islands have united compound words, the despair of the under the name of the United Evan- translator. Rev. J. R. B. Love has gelical Church. The new church has translated the Gospel of Mark into a general assembly and conferences, this tongue. When it was completed, each with a moderator who acts as a and the story of the Crucifixion read traveling superintendent. There are in church, the eager interest of the elders and deacons in the local church- hearers was. a reward for the months es, with both offices open to women. of assiduous labor.

New Field in Dutch Indies NORTH AMERICA T HE little island of Bali has ac- Student Religion quired fame among scientists, because, with Asia ending at Bali and AQUESTIONNAIRE sent to 1,500 Australasia beginning at Lombok, an- ·students at Syracuse university other island only 15 miles beyond, the by two professors of psychology redifferences between these two islands veals the following facts: Eightare so amazing. Birds and quadrupeds twelfths of the 1,321 students replying found in these two islands, so close to hold unorthodox beliefs concerning the each other, are much more unlike than deity; three-twelfths are inclined to those of Britain and Japan. In this be liberal or agnostic; one-twelfth strangely fascinating island of Bali, tend toward atheism; only 24 students about the ·size of Corsica, there are are thoroughgoing atheists. In these about one miIHon people, mostly of the finding·s, the psychologists say, there Malay race, of whom about 150,000 is no evidence "that the effect of conare followers of a certain form of tinued study in college is to destroy Hinduism, and the remainder profess religious beliefs by supplanting them the faith of Islam. There are, how- with materialistic or mechanistic ever, some hundreds of thousands of views. The effect seems to be merely Chinese. Among these peoples no mis- one of liberalizing the individual sionary work whatsoever has been while he remains upon the side of done until recently, when the Dutch positive belief." It is interesting to Colonial Government consented to mis- note that nearly a fourth of 1,502 stusion work for the Chinese. So great dents rejected the miracles, one-half has been the achievement that the taking no definite stand, and one- Chinese converts now wish to have a fourth giving unqualified acceptance. foreign field of their own. Chinese Fifty-four per cent reply that some workers have accordingly been sent religious belief is necessary in order out to various centers on the island of

to lead a good life, while 28 per cent basic issues, and find something apsay only a code of ethics is needed. proaching unity of conviction, sub- sidiary questions of program and Congregationalists and Christians finance would take care of them-selves. -The Christian Century. Unite Forward Steps at the Christian En- THREE thousand leaders of the Congregational and Christian deavor's Golden Jubilee churches met at Seattle, Wash., June 25th-July 3d for a joint convention to T HE Golden Jubilee International ratify the union of the two denomina- Christian Endeavor Convention tions with a total of 1,050,000 commu- met in San Francisco, California, July nicants. After the ratification of the 11th-16th, with ten thousand young union and adoption of a new constitu- people present, broadly representative tion, officers we re elected to serve as a of the Christian youth and the three grand council for the purposes of man- million Christian Endeavorers of agement, this arrangement to continue North America. The new movements until 1935, when one directing head in Asia bulked large in the convention will be chosen. emphases. Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan was prevented from attending by ill- A Hopeful Methodist Conference ness. C. Y. Cheng, LL.D., moderator of the United Church of Christ in THE ten-day conference which the China, spoke on "The Changing Ori- Methodists have held at Delaware, ent," and said that China has "turned Ohio, is one of the hopeful recent de- the corner" in religion, and that the velopments in American Protestant- Church will again receive large enism. Confronted by the same problems listments. Edmund D. Lucas, D.D., of lessening interest and falling financ- Ph.D., president of Forman Christian es which confront most of the mis- College, Lahore, brought a stirring sion boards, the Methodist Foreign message of Christian progress in In- Missionary Society, instead of calling dia. World peace and interracial in the committee on ways and means, good will were stressed in addresses called in the committee on the state of by Colonel Raymond R'obins, Chicago; Christian thought. Instead of launch- Harry N. Holmes, field secretary of ing a campaign it set aside a period the World Alliance for International for -study. To take nearly three hun- Friendship Through the Churches; dred and fifty ministers, educators, Rev. Walter W. Van Kirk, New York, editors, laymen and women to a se- of the Federal Council of Churches of cluded spot for ten days of intensive Christ in America; Rev. A. E. Cory, discussion of underlying ideas and D.D., of the Disciples of Christ; and principles, without ten minutes being Rev. Wallace J. Anderson, secretary given to budgets, quotas or appeal of the Korean Christian Endeavor slogans, is a decisive break with the Union. promotional tradition which has ruled in the American denominations for A youth disarmament petition was years past. But it is a break long addressed to President Hoover, urging overdue, and of importance to all the him to use the new international law churches, now that it has been made. principle of the Peace Pact of Paris The Methodists brushed aside every- to cause our government "to take thing on the surface of their church leadership with a definite program for life to deal with underlying and ulti- the reduction of armaments." mate issues. They sought a ba-sis of faith rather than an outline of pro- The convention gave its heart to gram. Here, again, the conference the acceptance of Jesus Christ as perhad an importance more than denomi- sonal Saviour, to an enlarged program national, for if the forces of Protes- of evangelism and personal devotions, tantism would spend more time on to tithing and the -stewardship of abil- ity, and to the call upon some for full- time Christian service. The enlist-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment of more than sixty for Christian Cruz on Sunday, June 20th. The new life work was received. enactment allows one priest to every 100,000 inhabitants, a total of eleven Leaven in Chicago priests to 1,100,000 population. A violation of the law carries a fine of THE largest Protestant church in $500. The Papal delegate to Mexico Chicago is said to be the North made protest to the President, but he Austin Lutheran Congregation, which made no response. In the meantime, a has 3,112 confirmed members and priest was killed from ambush in the 2,000 in its Sunday schools. It began town of Huatusco. At the funeral of eleven years ago with fifty-one mem- the priest a riot occurred in which bers. Rev. F. W. Otterbein, the pas- three officers of the law and two civiltor, explains this remarkable growth: ians were killed and many injured. The Governor of Vera 'Cruz states that There is no doubt that the personal he has received sympathetic letters work of the people out in the world is from governors of other provinces, responsible for the continued large who are considering the enactment of growth in membership. Our people and similar laws. workers are instructed not to ask others to "unite with the church," but to "come St. Luke'. Hospital, Pllerto Rico and worship," or, as Andrew used to put it, "come and see." When they attend '!'HE EpisC'opal Board reports that services tpe Holy Spirit begins to work. St. Luke's Hospital at Ponce, Puer- The yearly canvass provides the names to Rico, which was aU but destroyed in of all unchurched families in the district. the hurricane of 1928, has been re- These are placed on a mailing list and built and was opened on May 12, 1931. they receive church literature. For the The new building is of Spanish archipast five years the majority of the acces- tecture, and has a capacity of seventy sions have been "out of the world." beds. It was built and almost com- pletely equipped at a cost of about Boys' Prayer Meeting $145,000. A chapel is part of a sepa- rate building. St. Luke's is staffed FOR more than forty years a suc- by Puerto Rico doctors. The advisory cessful boys' prayer-meeting has board includes six professional and been held in Westminster Presbyterian business men of Ponce. The nurses' Church, Elizabeth, N. J. It was or- training school provides opportunity ganized in the '80's by Frederick K. for Puerto Rican girls from church Day, upon suggestion of the pastor, schools to enter a profession of great the Rev. John Gillespie, D.D., who de- usefulness to their own people. sired training and participation on the part of a large group of boys just Koreans in Cuba taken into church membership. This prayer-meeting has formed an impor- AGREAT community project at EI tant part in the Christian training of Fuerte, Cuba, has grown from a hundreds of boys, efficiently supple- little Sunday school started in a primenting the preaching of the pastor vate home by a graduate of La Proand the teaching of the Sunday schooL gresiva School at Cardenas. A day Seven members of the class have en- school was started, and a new building tered the ministry and scores have has recently been built. The day school become church officers. It has aligned will be used as a demonstration school growing boys to definite Christian for the normal department of Carstandards and aided greatly in solidi- denas. The church is joining with the fying their Christian characters, be- school in making this a center of comsides affording a training in the lead- munity service. This project was the ership of meeting·s, in the practice of means of discovering a family of public prayer and intensive study of Korean Christians who have been livthe Scriptures. ing in that section of Cuba for years. They have Bibles and hymn books in LATIN AMERICA Church Law in Mexico Causes Trouble 'fHE new law, governing the num- ber of priests which shall officiate in Mexico was put to the test in Vera

their own language, and have kept up be sent back to Chile. I had an uncomthe family altar. The parents speak fortable half hour trying to persuade the very poor ·Spanish, but they are now officials from putting into effect such a bringing their children to school and drastic and uncalled-for action. I asked Sunday school. them if they had ever read or seen the Bible, to which they replied, "No!" I The Indigenous Church offered them a copy and asked them to r.ead it, and see what kind of propaganda I was engaged in. They accepted the MANY problems arise in the forma- Bible and let me go. On my return I met tion of an indigenous church in the same officials. They approached me Peru. With them all is the consistent this time with quite a different attitude, aim to make the evangelical congrega- and remarked that they had been reading tion a constituent element of the com- the Bible with "mucho placer y promunity, and not a group apart. One vecho!'-much pleasure and profit.

-Alliance Weekly.

instance relates to burial in public Schools Close in Colombia cemeteries. Priests assumed the Catholic Church had sole rights; the evan- I N. SPI,!E of the financial depresgelicals refused the easier way of a SIon m Bogota, Colombia, the separate burial ground, thus marking American School for Boys has an enthem as a people apart; after a time rolment of 308 pupils. Rev. Walter S. Protestants were allowed burial in Lee, missionary of the Presbyterian public cemeteries and a precedent was Church at Bogota, writes that many established. schools have had to close because of insufficient funds to continue to oper- The school problem was another. ate, including government public Despite the fact that mission subsi- schools. dized schools would be superior educa- tionally and ethically to many schools EUROPE provided by the government, it was agreed that persecution and disabili- The Y. M. C. A. in Italy ties inflicted by fanatical Romanists upon children of Protestant parents THE general measure taken by the was preferable if, eventually, the chil- Italian police authorities with redren might be recognized as having gard to "all youth associations not ditheir equal right to education in the rectly dependent on the Fascist party" schools of the nation, without suffer- also affected at first some of the Y. M. ing religious coercion. The battle is C. A.'s, whose activities were suspendnot yet won, but it is being fought, ed. As soon, however, as the aims and not for motives of intolerance, but to character of our Movement were expreserve the principle which is at plained to the Ministry of the Interior stake, namely, the right ()f the con- and the local Prefects, this regulation verts to be Protestant Christians, was immediately revoked so far as without detriment to their rights as these Associations were concerned. Nationals. This is an additional proof of the es- teem and respect in which the Y. M. C. A.'s are held in Italy. In all coun- Bibles Called "Red" tries (except Russia) to which the Movement has spread it is considered THE Secretary of the British and as a constructive Christian force work- Foreign Bible Society for Chile ing for the moral and spiritual welfare and Bolivia had the f()Ilowing experi- of youth. ence: When the customs official was going Spezia Minion through my suit case, he threw on the floor English magazines, Bible Society MR. E. J. MADDOCK, deputation reports, and Bibles I had with me, and secretary in Great Britain for maintained that they were "Red" propa- the Spezia Mission for Italy, gives the ganda. I was told to prepare to get off testimony of an Italian pastor, unconat the next station…;..a frontier town-to nected with tbe Mission:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK '705

"Tell the people of Britain that the ganizing congregations, editing their cause of Christ in Italy cannot do religious monthly, The Christian without the Spezia Mission for Italy. Union, distributing Bibles, Testaments While other people are doing good and tracts, attending to matters that work, there radiates powerfully from come up with the government, etc.

the Spezia Mission a singular sweet- The Union is practically the only ness and a fragrance of the Lord Protestant reading matter the leaders Jesus Christ which permeates the and members of the churches have.

spiritual life of the whole land." Unless funds are soon forthcoming The main work of the Spezia Mis- they will be forced to publish it only sion for Italy, whether it be in the once every two or three months. The meetings and services, the Bible Day movement has grown until there are Schools, the orphanage, or in a little over twenty organized churches, with meeting tucked away in some remote a combined membership of several corner ·of the Gulf or on the moun- thousand.

tains, is to lead boys and girls, and men and women to a saving knowledge Inconveniences in Bulgaria A of Christ. Attacks upon the Mission CRUDELY woven blanket weigh- ing forty pounds for a covering, have stirred many to see for them- selves, and real revival has followed. and a board laid on wooden horses for a bed, are considered minor details in A Visit to Poland Bulgarian villages where soggy black I N 1921, Rev. Jaroszewicz, a Pole bread, beans, and a few other vege- converted and educated in the tables form the diet of people. They United States, returned to his country spin their own clothing by hand and and began telling about Christ. His light their little oil lamps by holding a first convert was a fine, intelligent coal from the fire against the wicks woman who gave her home and its and blowing it into a flame to save sun;ounding land to the Union of matches. But these inconveniences Churches of Christ for an orphanage. mean nothing to the visiting mission- Mr. Jaroszewicz recently came to ary when he is able to preach in a America, seeking to enlist the aid of crowded room to attentive groups and Protestant churches, and following his number at timHS among his new fol- visit in Pittsburgh, Dr. R. N. Mont- lowers of the Way some of those who..

gomery of the Pittsburgh United Pres- prior to their reformation, were the, byterian Seminary, was appointed by village's worst citizens. "Now their- a group in that city to visit Poland, faces shine with faith and hope in and learn the facts of the movement. Christ," writes W. C. Oooper from He was most favorably impressed, and Philipoppolis, Bulgaria. Almost every'

found the leaders to be men of sterling family in one village has a Bible and character, zealous, but not fanatical, religion is the general topic of conver- making every sacrifice that the work sation in the coffee shops and reading might progress. The records and room. "It is a joy to work among routine were in sound condition. Pas- thHse people," Mr. Cooper adds, "one tors must earn their living, preaching forgets inconveniences when one sees on the side as they find time. people hungry for the message of The work now has its headquarters Christ."-Missionary Herald.

in Kobryn; eventually a building is to be erected in Brest-Litowsk, which World Conditions Reviewed I gives opportunity of reaching every N REVIEWING in detail the work of its missions in many lands the part of the country by the six railroads and six automobile roads which Presbyterian Board has this to say come into this city. In Kobryn, Dr. concerning the future: Montgomery found the leaders preach- The situation in Russia and the effect ing, visiting the different churches, or- of the ruthless anti-religious program of 5

the Soviet government again form the schools, medical schooJ.s, and colleges, outstanding feature of world news in the publishing and selling millions of field of religion. "Will Christianity defi- books and leaflets, establishing libranitely recede before atheism in the ries both permanent and itinerant, largest country on the European conti- putting on educational films in the nent? Will one-sixth of the civilized in- movies, and broadcasting instructional habitants of the globe go permanently talks from the giant radio statiun at pagan? Will the anti-religious impetus, Moscow. Last year ten million adults going East as well as West, engulf the were taught to read and write, most of first fruits of the harvest of Christianity them by volunteer leaders, urged on in China, Korea and Japan?" These are by Communist enthusiasts. Sixty per some of the questions which religious cent of the recruits for the Red Army leaders abroad are beginning to ask entered the barracks illiterate. Two themselves. or three years later they were ninety- five per cent literate. They are organ- The European churches are thoroughly izing study groups or "Red Corners" roused to the danger of the propaganda in every industrial establishment and that is sweeping over the Continent from classes and lectures in the "Workers Rusia, carried by radio, poster, pam- Clubs" and "Peasant Homes."-The phlet and motion picture to the most Churchman. remote village, and finding a ready hearing among the millions of unemployed AFRICA (Germany alone has 4,500,000 out of work now), many of whom have been Conference for African Children idle for a year or more, and are embittered against society and Church, as well THE International Conference for as against the state for their inability to African Children was held in Gecope with the world-wide depression. neva from June 22-25, 1931, with three hundred attending-including doctors, Russian Intolerance philanthropists, missi'Onaries, and rep- resentatives of various governments. ALL books and magazines are rigid- The International "Save the Children" ly censored, and the only news- Union organized this conference under papers are government controlled. missionary impetus. Three main ques- tions were dealt with: infantile mor- Most of the churches carryon services tality in Africa; education as it but the Soviet rulers seek to bring prepares children for life; and the about the eventual dissolution of the general conditions of child and youth church by turning the minds of the labor and the protection of child labor children away from God and the in Africa. church, and putting various handicaps upon the prosecution of active church Child labor in Africa presents an life. They have disestablished and acute problem in industrialized disdisendowed the church. They have tricts. The problem of infantile morclosed the seminaries. Religiuus in- tality is more serious and all reports struction of groups of three or more contain appalling figures; the percentchildren under eighteen years of age age is rarely less than twenty, while is prohibited. The priests cannot vote the most frequently recorded average and they receive no ration book to buy is between sixty and seventy. Such a food and clothing at the government situation can be met only by the joint stores. effort of all the colonial, native, educa- tional, and missi'Onary forces. Among No weekly activities, such as clubs innumerable causes-syphilis, tubercu- losis, children's epidemics, economical and classes, are permitted-nothing exploitation, native superstitions and customs were those most frequently but the carrying on of services of wor- discussed. This shows the necessity of ship.

The Communist government, des- potic though it be, is determined that everybody shall be educated (in every- thing except religion). They are build- ing schools, raising the salaries of teachers, giving free board and tuition to about half the students at technical

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

w'Ork in the field 'Of schaal and health th'Ority, either 'Of the missi'Onaries 'Or educati'On. even 'Of the G'Ospel."

The c'Onference decided t'O establish An A:frican Communion Service a center, under the directi'On 'Of the Internati'Onal "Save the Children" Un- OUR last c'Ommunion service (Sunian, in 'Order t'O carry 'On the inquiries day, May 24th) was the largest in and t'O c'Ollect d'Ocumentati'On 'On the the history 'Of the F()ulassi stati'On, ab'Ove and related questi'Ons. The In- West Africa. The Sunday before I ternati'Onal "Save the Children" Uni'On preached 'On Christ sending out the will be glad t'O send the res'Oluti'Ons seventy and I t'Old the pe'Ople that I v'Oted by this c'Onference t'O any'One ap- wanted seventy v'Olunteers t'O give a plying far them. wh'Ole week to pers'Onal w'Ork in the villages and t'O calling the unc'Onverted Revolt Against Authority in Africa f'Olk t'O come t'O the service. Over 'One hundred volunteered. I think that I N HIS rep'Ort 'On the missi'On fields they must have seen every man, w'Om- presented t'O the Paris S'Ociety 'Of an and child within a radius of 15 Evangelical Missi'Ons, M. E. Allegret miles of Foulassi. When such a gr.oup stated that the rev'Olt against auth'Or- .of c.onsecrated men and women went ity is 'One 'Of the seri'Ous problems 'Of f'Orth s.omething had t'O happen. I orthe day in Africa, as in other parts 'Of ganized 'Other groups, who were n'Ot the w'Orld. In 'Order t'O c'Ounteract it able to g'O, to hold little prayer-meetan attempt is being made t'O revive the ings each day t'O ask God's blessing on ancient religi'Ons 'Of the East. "Far the work that the 109 were d'Oing. the same reason," he said, "we are witnessing in Africa a revival 'Of the Last Sunday morning so many came 'Old paganism and same 'Of the really to church that there was no place to civilized people 'On the c'Oasts are re- put them and we had five 'Overflow turning t'O id'Olatr'Ous practices, t'O meetings. My wife had a meeting f'Or which they attempt t'O give s'Ome spir- 600 children in the girls' sch'Ool, Mrs. ituality by c'Ombining them with frag- Krug had a meeting at the dispenments 'Of Christianity. The rev'Olt sary, Mr. Krug held a large meeting against auth'Ority, the wave 'Of ma- at the boys' schaal f'Or the people wh'O terialism which is sweeping yaung and lived near Foulassi, for the people 'Old, men and w'Omen, 'On t'O the c'On- wanted to give the guests the good quest 'Of wealth and pleasure, the in- seats in the church. Our Foulassi crease 'Of alc'Oh'Olism and imm'Orality, evangelist held another meeting far the B'Olshevist pr'Opaganda for which F'Oulassi pe'Ople in the n'Ormal school the s'Oil is only to'O well prepared, the building and I held the service in the general unrest and unc'Onsci'Ous sad- church. There were 3,254 pe'Ople presness arising from the feeling that life ent, alm'Ost 1,000 mare than our larghas n'Ow no firm faun dation, the irra- est c'Ongregati'On in the past. When I ti'Onal and gr'Owing distrust 'Of the had finished preaching on the text white man, wh'O has last his 'Old pres- "Return unt'O me and I will return tige; all these fact'Ors …… are mak- unto Y'Ou," I called far all who wanted ing the missionaries' task far mare t'O return unt'O God to come f'Orward. difficult. The Christians themselves, One hundred and fifty pe'Ople came and especially those of the sec'Ond and third accepted Christ as their Savi'Our-41 generati'Ons, wh'O have not had to men, 51 w'Omen and 58 children. It struggle like their fathers to win and was a great day. Never bef'Ore have maintain their faith, s'Ometimes waver. I seen the Spirit 'Of G'Od w'Ork with Our missi'Onaries write that 'Our such power. Tw'O 'Of our new c'Onfeschurches are reaching the difficult age s'Ors are young men wh'O hold high where pe'Ople want to live their 'Own p'Ositi'Ons with the French administralives and d'O not easily accept any au- ti'On. The five strangest chiefs in this

section were present. That was un- but one said, uNo, Romans 8; for in usual as they neve}! come near the that chapter is recorded what God has church. None of them confessed but done for us in Christ, and we are aswe are praying that they will come sured that those monsters which have into His fold some day. slain their thousands cannot separate us from the love of God which is in The chief and government head-man Christ Jesus." who confessed at Nkumajap some time ago is an enthusiastic convert. He has Medical Work in Morocco released his women and is now showing others the Way.-Rev. Irvin W. SPECTACULAR success or impres- Underhill, Presbyterian Mission, West sive statistic,s rarely accrue to Africa. those who preach Christ in the North African territories once known as the Religions Training in Egypt Barbary States. Nevertheless, Dr. James Liley, son of the late A. V. THE general theme for a s:ries of Liley of the North Africa Mission, fourteen religious leadership con- feels that the soil is assuredly being ferences in Egypt this year was "Re- prepared for a plentiful harvest. Fez, ligious Education from a Theoretical ancient capital of Morocco, has a popand Practical Standpoint." Daily va- ulation of 120,000, more than twice cation Bible schools were also consid- that of Ta~gier, and possesses an anered. This movement is only two years cient Moslem university, where fully old in Egypt, but 59 schools were con- 1,000 young men are being educated ducted, a gain of 80% over the former in the tenets of Islam. In this strateyear. At least 2,360 students partici- gic center Dr. Liley, his wife and three pated, of whom 500 were Moslems. lady workers, find abundant scope for Every Sunday in Cairo more than 1,- medical missionary activities. That 500 boys and girls assemble in street the ministry of healing is breaking Sunday schools held in 26 localities. down prejudice, and opening doors for In Assiut, there are 1,800 in such Gospel testimony, is evident in many street Sunday schools and the total at- directions. Patients are now more tendance, including other cities, is ready to join in hymns at the services over 4,000. Bible lesson picture cards and to give heed to the Word. Dr. are a feature in each school. Many of Liley is often asked by the men to the children join the day schools. Of- attend the womenfolk in their houseten a street Sunday school is turned holds-a remarkable change of attiinto a day school and here the children tude as compared with former days receive a Christian education. Sheikh and French authorities allow full lib- Metry Dewairy is the field worker. erty for Scripture distribution and other forms of evangelistic work, ex- An Afriean'. Choice cept in certain military zones.

ANUMBER of evangelists were For "Starving America" gathered together studying the Scriptures. The missionary conduct- ,t N AFRICAN church has sent moning the class said: "SUpposing a robber came and threatened to take away ft ey to "starving America" ! Three all your goods, but gave you the option of choosing one article to keep. What dollars and seventy-seven cents has would you ask to have left?" All with- come to the Presbyterian Foreign out hestitation held up the New Tes- Board, from Batanga, Africa. It tament, saying, "This Book." The comes from a few native Chdstians missionary said, "But if the robber and is forwarded by Rev. Albert I: would not permit you to keep the whole Good, D.D., Presbyterian missionary of it, which portion would you pre- with the following letter: fer?" Most of them replied, "John 3": 4 m~nth or so ago there was a little art!cle In the Bulu n~ws s.heet, the Me/oe, tellIng of the hard tImes In America, and

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK'

indicating that there were actually peo- sionaries in China: 'The American ple in America who did not have enough priests are busy poisoning a nation to eat. This particular item caugh~ the which is in the process of regeneraattention of Pastor Eduma Musambl and tion. If America is sincere in her inhis son Musambi, who is an elder in the tention to help China, she must first church at Batanga, and they decided to recall her missionaries.' The same give something for the starving people in educationist also came to Turkey some America. They quietly told the church years ago …… and studied our edupeople about it, and entirely of their own cational system. When he returned to volition, a sum of money was gather.ed, America he passed the following judgwhich I enclose to you. I had nothIng ment on the activities of the missionwhatever to do with this matter except ariES in Turkey: 'The missionary to receive the money and transmit it. schools in Turkey are suspected of re- ligious propaganda; for this re:1scn A contribution of 16 cents was from they have lost their authority in all a widow who sold food to give it. the East and forgotten their educa- tional duty.' In no civilized country This is bread cast upon the water, are there religious schools. No civilreturning after many days. ized nation is willing to give its chil- dren to priests for education. But WESTERN ASIA imperialistic powers use these schools as tools for propaganda and conquest Turkey Getting in Step …… The most important duty of the new Turkey which is anxious for her 1'HE Turkish Government's interest independence is to stop the missionary in character training i,g seen in the activities which are the organs of imcourses introduced in the regular perialism. A secular government school curriculum on "Religion for the which has separated religion from Children of the RepUblic." These state cannot permit missionary and courses provide direct teaching religious schools. In Turkey no chance against cherished beliefs and customs, for existence must be given to misas, for example, magical or faith cure, sionaries." This is an evidence of the fortune telling, visiting graves to effect of godless education in America. make a wish, magic, lighting candles for the dead, the use of Arabic (which In Changing Peraia is not understood by the masses) in church services, and believing foolish GIRLS in the tenth-year sociology traditions. These "Religious Lessons" class at Iran Bethel School, conare really lessons in conduct, and are ducted by Presbyterian missionaries against things usually associated with in Teheran, have had a good many inreligion in that country. They advo- teresting experiences this year. They cate the use {If modern machinery, visited twelve government institutions, European science, cleanliness,' sanita- such as the government printing office, tion, scientific medicine, exercise; the the city insane asylum, an orphanage, acceptance of modern clothes, manner and finally, to crown the experiences, of eating, and civilization; the use of the head of the government airplane the vernacular and the separation of service invited the class to take a hop church and state. in his plane. These Persian girls a few years ago would hardly have been Turkey Anti-Missionary allowed outside the four walls of their homes. THE reactions against Christianity are still strong in Turkey. An INDIA, BURMA, SIAM article published under the title, "We Must Stop the Activities of the Mis- The Present Situa.tion in India. sionaries," in Son Posta, contains the following: "John Dewey, the educa- MR. RALLIA RAM, the late Mr. K. tional expert of America, studied for s'ome time the educational organiza- l T. Paul's successor on the Nation of China. When he returned to tional Committee of Y. M. C. A.'s of America …… he passed the following judgment on the activities of the mis-

India, Burma, and Ceylon, on his way large mission boards find their fito the Y. M. C. A. World Conferences nances reduced to such an extent that in the United States, made the follow- retrenchment on a large scale has been ing comments on the situation in In- forced upon them. dia: Making the Most of Life One of the most important tendencies in India is its rapprochement with SOME years ago Dr. Sam Higginother great nations of the East, more bottom received the following especially in matters of intellectual letter from Prof. N. A. Nitale: and cultural value. In February, there met at Lahore the first Pan-Asiatic "I am an assistant professor of bi- Congress vf Women, and an Asiatic ology in Wilson College, Bombay. The Teachers' Congress has just met for doctor has just told me that I am a the first time in India. This shows leper and must give up my work here that Orientals are becoming less in- at once. Will you receive me into terested in the West and more inter- your institution and let me do some ested in Asia itself. work for my suffering fellow men while I have yet strength 1"

The Nationalist wave passing over He was admitted and immediately India is not the first ()f its kind. set up a laboratory where he has Every ten years, it has been noticed, worked out several valuable tests. He there is a great renaissance of the has discovered that most lepers have spirit of liberty. What is new is that hcokworm, malaria or some form of for the first time this movement has intestinal trouble, all 'Of which must no religious coloring. The great ma- be eliminated before there is any hope jority vf Nationalist youth is hostile for cure. Not content with this great to religion. This is no reason why service he has organized a training Christians should not take an active school composed of young men and interest in the Nationalist movement. women who have been cured of A Christian Nationalist Party has leprosy. These young people are be- recently been formed. Its principles ing trained in laboratory work so that are as follows: "Indian Chri8tians they can go out and help in other in- must give their help to the national stitutions where they are sorely movement; they must take their full needed. In order that the training, share in the sufferings of the people; which requires about three years, may they must participate in the political be as thorough as possible, Professor life of their country; they must re- Nitale requires the study of English, nounce demands for special and legal mathematics, physiology, sanitation privileges for their community." and the elements of chemistry and bi- India's Latest Census ology, all of which he himself teaches.

FIRST information is now available At Miss Sorabji'. Grave regarding this year's census of India. The total population of this great "BESIDE her grave many lost all land is now 351,000,000, an increase fear of death as divider and of 32,000,000, or ten per cent in ten years. Judging by the preceding cen- conqueror," writes Miss Susie Sorabsus, the Christian population, includ- ji's sister from Poona. "Canon Butching Protestants and Catholics, proba- er of Bombay conducted the services which were attended mostly by non- christians. A wonderful thing hap- bly will show a thirty per cent in- pened. Naja, a lovely Parsee girl came crease, bringing its present total to forward and asked Canon Butcher to over six millions. Rejoicing is tem- announce that she wanted to be bappered by the fact that there are 30,- tized. It was a marvelous piece of 000,000 more to be evangelized now courage for her own Zoroastrian comthan there were ten years ago. Add to munity was there in greater numbers this the fact that nearly all of the than 'One wculd find them anywhere

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

else. The persecution has begun al- Siamese, form a Christian Literature ready. Her relatives and the high Committee, whose attention is devoted priest threaten her and alternately largely to translation. A prominent bribe her. The worst to face must be Siamese lady has revealed herself as that which I heard a relative shouting a poet of sufficient ability to compose at her: 'If you are baptized you will correct Siamese verse, and has pre- do a great wrong to one whom you pared some suitable adaptations of the profess to love. You say you love Miss Psalms for use in praise service.

Susie! You know how she loved her work, and St. Helena School. If you CHINA become a Christian, we'll wreck St. Mass Education Experiment Helena. We'll empty it. If you stay a Zoroastrian we will pack it so that REPORTS -of the ten year rural exit will have to be enlarged still more, periment, inaugurated by Y. C. a wonderful memorial to Miss Susie Jame-s Yen as a mass education movewhom we all love.' Again they urge ment show that the first year's enrol- 'at least be a Christian in secret, not ment in elementary schools is 14,210, openly, not baptized.' She needs our exceeding the quota set by the moveprayers."-A letter by Miss Cornelia ment by more than 4,000. Next year Sorabji. the goal is "no less than 30,000 young men and women." Economic education Si8.D1 Sends Musionar), has been progressing steadily and health education has begun. T HE Siamese are sending out their first missionary. Kru Seng Saa, An agricultural fair, similar to the his wife and children are going north- well-known county fair in the United east into Korat. Many of the people States, was held with a definite social there are primitive, frontier animists. and educational purpose. The morn- Very few are Buddhists. Kru Seng ings were devoted to demonstrations Saa is a Christian college graduate. and lectures, the afternoons to dra- He taught a short time in Pitsanu- matics. In cooperation with the Deloke, then took up city evangelistic partment of Agriculture, three farmwork in which he was engaged when ers' institutes were held at three this call came. He is a devoted worker centrally located villages, with sessions and a man of ente"prise. Since he of about two weeks. The total enrolbegan his work before there was a ment of the three institutes was over theological seminary, he received his 600. More than 500 stuck to their training by doing, with some study training until the end, and 451 reunder the missionary with whom he ceived certificates qualifying them to worked. His wife was for eight years be demonstration farmers. A travela nurse in the Chulalongkorn Hospital. ing clinic goes into selected villages They will be supported entirely by which have elementary schools and Siam churches. which are convenient centers for at least five or six villages. Vaccination and physical examinations are given.

Christia.n Council in Sia.nt Two health institutes have been held, AN INTERESTING development in with encouraging rEsults. Siam is the formation of a National Christian Council. American Equal Rights for Women A Presbyterian missionaries outnumber NEW law which gives to women rights equal to those enjoyed by tholle of other denominations, but Rev. C. R. Simmons of the Church of Eng- men has just been promUlgated in land Mission is chairman of the Coun- China, and works an amazing revolu- cil; and Rev. Clarence Norwood, head tion in Chinese family relations. The of St. Peter's School for Boys in Chinese woman is given absolute Bangkok, with one American and one equality before the law, not only in

marriage. but in all other' matters. The President of China is planning an Daughters are entitled to inherit their anti-lawless campaign in the provinces parents' estates equally with sons. of Hupeh and Kiangsi, has reorganized Under old law, Chinese women could the Central Military Academy, and not eVEn own property after they were himself ·spends four hours daily lecmarried. The new law of family re- turing and acquainting the students lations, now effective, makes no men- with the "brutal crimes" of Commution of the concubinage system, which nism and warning against its influhas been prevalent in China for cen- ence. These students, when trained, turies, and is still common in some will be sent to Communist areas to parts of the country. While the sys- spread "the gospel of Three People's tem is not specifically outlawed under Principles" in order to counteract the the new code, it is made unpopular; Red menace. for no provision is made for children of concubinEs to inherit. Christianity Gains in Quality Dr. Wang Chung-Hui, Chinese THE China Inland Mission baptized judge at the Court of International six hundred more converts last Justice at the Hague, worked out this year than the previous year. Chinese law in the new civil code, upon which leaders are measuring the serious rehe has spent more than a year. Legal sponsibilities of a:utonomy as a result Experts declare it a masterpiece, in- of the enforced absence of missioncorporating . the best principles of aries. Indigenous leadership in counmodern law and the best of ancient try mission hospitals is a striking Chinese customs, with little harm to success, and of one hundred and tweneither. ty graduates of Peking Medical Col- lege one half are in missionary service. Dr. Koo on China'. Chief Need Chiang Kai-shih, China's president, has built a church in his native town, DR. T. Z. KOO, of the National since' his baptism, and encourages Committee of the Y. M. C. A. in Christianity in every way. China, says that the chief need of China today, in order that its people Frightful persecution is another may again become creative, is not sci- side of the picture. Not long ago the entific or material development, but Reds took a town in the vicinity of contact with God. "When a people Hupeh. The Christians fled to the loses its contact with the vital person- church, hoping it might prove a refality of God, a God greater than any- uge. Before long, however, the Reds thing the human mind can conceive," entered and asked for the pastor. The Doctor Koo declares, "that people soon Chinese pastor at once stepped forbegins to lose its vision; and when a ward and said, "If you seek the pastor, people loses its vision its creative ca- I am he." They took him prisoner and pacitysteadily dies out." He says that he went to his death a few days later there was a time when the Chinese as triumphantly as any martyr in the were discoverers and pioneers in art, early church. In spite of unfavorable literature, philosophy, government and government regulations, the fury of science, but for the past thousand the Reds, threatening bandits, factionyears they have lived merely on their al wars, famine fever, and student past. propaganda, the church goes forward. A few years ago, Dr. Grenfell when Training Youth to Fight CommuniSl11 visiting China said: "You are to be congratulated. It is much more hope- BECAUSE of the activities of the ful where the church is persecuted Reds and bandits, the mission- than where, as in America, it is simaries of the American Methodist ply neglected." Board have been compelled to evacuate the northern part of Fukien Pr·ovince.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

MISCELLANEOUS waste of resources-with duplication and overlapping and such a misdirection of A Friend of Missionaries forces that valuable life and work have not counted to the. fun extent of their THE General Assembly of the Pres- possibilities, and huge areas are still byterian Church sent a message to untouched. Captain Robert Dollar; the famous shipping man, and a ruling elder, who 7. The Movement stands for New Tesis now eighty-seven and ill. He has tament principles of expansion, for widebeen remarkable in his businESS spread evangelism in order that groups achievements, and even more in his of believers may be gathered into churchreligious life. He was reported the es which, from the first, must be selfother day as still rising in the morn- governing, self-supporting, and selfing and conducting worship as he has propagating. done for over half a century, then returning to bed. He said recently: 8. The Movement stands for the truth that these Churches are under the care of the Holy Ghost and that they should be taught to depend upon Him for all their needs, spiritual and material.

"When I come to die, I hope I will have ClergYDlen Polled on War Question a hard day at the office, come home, read my Bible, then go to sleep and T HE sentiment of 53,000 clergymen wake up in the next world." May it on matters pertaining to war was sought by the World Tomorrow in a. be so i There are few of his kind left. questionnaire. Out of the 19,327 who responded, 12,076 believed that Amer- Here is another of his characteristic ica should go on record as refusing to sanction or support any future war. utterances, w:hich has worldly value: "Don't wait for your ships to come in. The questions and summarized an- swers follow: Just keep sending them out. They'll keep coming in all right as long as you Do you favor military training in send them out."

The World Dominion Movement our public high schools and civilian colleges or universities? Yes, 2,574.

HERE are eight of the twenty-one No, 16,018. principles set forth in a circular of Do you favor ,substantial reductions the WorId Dominion Movement. The in armaments even if the United head of the organization is Thomas States is compelled to take the initia- Cochrane, of England. tive and make a proportionately great- 1. The Movement stands for the evan- er reduction than other naUons are gelization of the world in this generation. willing to do7 Yes,15,449. No, 2,702.

2; The Movement stands for the final Do you believe that the policy of authority of t4e Scriptures and the Deity armed intervention in other lands by and atoning death of the Lord Jesus our government to protect the lives Christ, the world's only Saviour. and property of American citizens 3. The Movement stands for the obli- should be abandoned and protective gation which rests upon every Christian efforts con5ned to pacific means? Yes, to be a soul-winner and for impressing 12,017. No, 3,899. upon every soul won to Christ this paramount duty of winning others. Are you personally prepared to state 4. The Movement stands for the truth that it is your present purpose not to that its great objective can only be at- sanction any future war or participate tained if those associated with it are men as an armed combatant? Yes, 10,427. and women of power through prayer and No, 5,801. the indwelling of the Holy Ghost. Could you conscientiously serve as 5. The Movement stands for the com- an army chaplain on active duty in plete coordination of all that is being wartime? Yes, 8,700. No, 6,628. done at home and abroad to make Christ and His salvation known to every man, Do you rega.rd the 'distinction bewoman and child of this generation. tween "defensive" and "aggressive" war as sufficiently valid to justify 6. The Movement surveys the world, your sanctioning or participating in a country by country, so that it may find future war of defense? Yes, 8,316. out and direct attention to the regions No, 7,130.-The Churchman. of greatest need. It has thus created an Intelligence Department for lack of which there has in the past been a great

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us

receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Hinterlands of the Church. A study dents of America's religious problems. Noble character is the basis of usefulof areas with a low proposition of ness; knowledge of God and a right church members. Index by Elizabeth relation to Him is the basis of char- IRn.stHitouotekeorf 8vo. 314 pp. $1.75 net. acter; religious teaching and expres- Social and Religious Sur· sion are essentials to the knowledge of vey, New York. 1931. God. If America is to be strong and if Americans are to be Christians then There are religiously handicapped every man, woman and child should people and handicapped districts. Few have an opportunity to learn of God realize that only about one half of the and to worship Him. If this is to be population of the United States belong done the "Hinterlands" must be occuto any religious organization, Protes- pied for Christ. Miss Hooker shows tant or Catholic, Jewish, Hindu or the present need and suggests ways Confucian, Theosophist, C h r i s t ian for meeting that need. Science or Mormon. Many thousands live in communities where they have ThCeonRnUerlall. B1il7li1on.pagBeys. ChCalroleths, M$. 1.M00e;- no regular church privileges. Paper, 60 cents. Friendship Press, New York. 1931. Three years ago the Institute of Social and Religious Research began to A comprehensive and illuminating presentation of the economic and reliinvestigate six kinds of territory in gious background of more than onethe United States where rural churches half of the world's population who live in towns, villages, and open country. are absent, closed or ineffective. In The necessity for the application of some counties less than 200/0 of the the Gospel message in terms of compopulation are church members; in munity service, economic advanceothers the percentage is over fifty. ment, more adequate educational and medical advantages under leadership Miss Hooker, who has a useful ar- which is trained specifically for this ticle in this issue of the REVIEW, and broader program of evangelism among who writes this report of the survey, rural folk is convincingly presented. has done a careful piece of work, ac- The author has drawn upon his own rich experience in the field of rural companying her interpretation with evangelism and upon the experience of twelve tables and twenty-eight charts missionaries in home and foreign lands and maps. Her studies include the six whose labors bear witness to the poskinds of territory investigated, with sibilities of Christianizing rural soseparate chapters on the old hilly ciety through patient, persistent, selfareas, level areas, grazing regions, denying devotion and faith such as mountain sections, cut-over districts were nobly exemplified in the life of and dry-farming regions. She then John Frederick Oberlin and of others reviews the church situation in these of the present generation. Numerous territories and describes the attempted illustrations of the transformations remedies; six appendices relate to wrought by their efforts are offered tests for measuring church effectiveness, s tat i s tic a I findings, rural churches of Vermont, and the "Indices of Changing Social Pattern."

Here is a valuable study-especially for pastors in the regions mentioned, for Home Mis-sion officials and for stu- 714

BOOKS WORTH READING

in proof 'Of the enduring value ·of their It is to be regretted that this survey does not appear in the printed volume, work. nor does the report contain a list of delegates present. The importance of In a forceful advocacy of the right the conference is evident at a time when within the Christian church itof the rural billion of the world to self there are those who question the right and the wisdom of any effort on enjoy the privileges and 'Opportunities the part of Christians to include Jews in a missionary program. accorded to those wh'O dwell in the The report consists of two parts: cities, the auth'Or has carefully avoided the first containing the address; tbe second the findings of the conference. the implicathm 'Of many treatises on The former include an opening ad- dress by Dr. John R. Mott, and a the subject of rural sociology, that strong statement on the "Validity of the Christian Approach to the Jews" rural folk are different and that rural by Rev. James M. Black of Edinburgh. Two of the longest addresses are by life is "a thing apart" from the rest experienced workers among Jews- Dr. John Stuart Conning of New York, of the world. He reminds us again and Rev. C. H. Gill of England. They deal with major problems and issues that the m'Odern world is a neighbor- and the present-day emphasis in the work of Evangelism. Two chapters hood "within speaking distance across are by the newly appointed General Secretary of the International Comthe fence" in which the good of one mittee on the Christian Approach to the Jews, Dr. Conrad Hoffman. He is the concern of all, and that "no deals with the "Methods of Christian Approach" and the "Possibilities of accident of birth, no given occupation, Closer Cooperation." Other speakers included Basil Mathews, Dr. Julius no circumstance of race or nation Richter, and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. Dr. Dougla·s Mackenzie of Hartford should bar any individual fr'Om enj'Oy- answered the question "What Is It in Our Christian Faith that We Desire ing the common wealth of the world to Share with Our Jewish Brethren?"

and sharing its opportunities for Within the Four Seas–A Shantung Idyl. By Paul Richard Abbott. 12mo. The abundant life." We must bec'Ome bet- Commercial Press, Limited, Shanghai, China. 1930. ter acquainted with our rural neigh- This is another novel by a China bors, with their problems and their missionary, who, though not born in that land, has evidently kept his eyes possibilities, not in a patr'Onizing spirit wide open during his score of years of service there. It is full of Chinese but for the sake of the contribution atmosphere and introduces the reader to many curious manners and customs which they may make in partner·ship of the 85% of China's population who live in her villages and seldom go with all who l'Ove Christ and follow beyond the market towns.

His teachings, t'O the building of His The author has perhaps overdrawn the transformation of his hero thr'Ough Kingdom. It provides valuable and in- teresting collateral material for lead- ers and members of study class groups, besides furnishing helpful information t'O many who are eager to know the facts concerning the missionary need and program. J. M. S.

Christians and Jews. A Report of the Conference on the Christian Approach to the Jews, Atlantic City, New Jer- sey-May 12-15, 1931, by the Interna- tional Committee on the Christian Ap- proach to the Jews, International Missionary Council. Rumford Press, Concord, New Hampshire. 155 pp.

The Atlantic City C'Onference on the Christian Approach to the Jews dealt primarily with America and was the counterpart of the Budapest-Warsaw Conferences held in 1927 which con- sidered the Jewish question in Eur'Ope.

In preparation for the conference an extensive survey of the Jews in America and Christian work among them was made by Charles H. Fahs, of the Missionary Research Library.

participation in the great war as a reveal the same great need that exists coolie in France, and his development in America today. Every pastor, and into the courtly "Sir Galahad" of a others interested in Christian work, charming little French girl, who as will read this life story with deep in- his happy wife works wonders in his terest and profit.

crude ancestral home; but he has written a very interesting story teem- Twice Born Chinese. By Charles E. Scott. ing with adventure, altogether whole- 12mo. 159 pp. $1.50. Revell. 1931.

some, and definitely missionary. Those Chinese who have been transformed who would become familiar with the by surrender to Christ are the best Chinese background for the study of evidences that the Christian Gospel is China's life, her culture and her need, adapted to the needs of China and the will find it in this story in more at- world. Dr. Scott, a missionary of the tractive and more readily assimilable Presbyterian Church for over twenty form than in the ordinary study book. years and the author of "China From C. H. F. Within," tells here some stories of men and women who were so trans- If I Be Lifted Up. By Samuel Shoemaker, formed by the power of Christ. A Jr. 12mo. Revell and Company, New medicine faker became a personal York. worker for Christ, and ten other Chi- nese struggled through trials to tri- This is a timely, clear, helpful, scrip- umphs. These are stirring pages from tural, spiritual interpretation of the the history of Christianity in China application of the dynamic without -graphically told in terms of indiwhich Christianity has no saving pow- vidual experiences. er and no distinct message. This book meets a real need in modern life, for its appeal is vital and its method effec- The Religion of Jesus. By Toyohiko Ka- gawa. 8mo. 127 pp. $1.25. John C. tive. J. Men. Winston Co., Philadelphia. 1931.

Uncle John Vassar. By Thomas E. Vas- Our readers are already familiar sar, Revised by H. N. Miller and E. with the remarkable character, history N. Hardy. 12mo. 190 pp. $1. Amer- and work of this famous Christian ican Tract Society, New York. 1931.

A life like that of John Vassar is leader in Japan. Dr. Robert E. Speer an inspiration to higher living and supplies an excellent biographical more devoted service. He was a man sketch of Mr. Kagawa, the apostle to of strong personality, unusual power the poor, who in spite of many great and high purpose. Born in 1813 in physical handicaps, has become a noted Poughkeepsie, New York, of the same author, lecturer, evangelist and social family that founded Vassar College, worker. At present Dr. Kagawa is in he enjoyed few educational advantages America, lecturing in a number of uniand worked in his uncle's brewery for versities and colleges.

some years. In his early life John was The major part of the book is a very profane, though his parents were translation (by Miss Helen Topping), godly people, but he. was converted of Dr. Kagawa's interpretation of the during revival meetings when he was "Religion of Jesus." He bases his 29 YEars of age. Later he left the knowledge on the New Testament and, brewery business as inconsistent with while at times he seems to differenti- his Christian profession and he became ate too much between God and Jesus, a colporteur of the American Tract he accepts Jesus as the divine revealer Society with a salary of one hundred of God and the Redeemer and Saviour and sixty dollars a year and traveling of Man. He accepts the religion of expenses. John Vassar was a remark- Jesus as a religion of love, of right- able personal worker with a passion eousness, of sacrifice, of service. Dr.

for souls. His experiences in city and Kagawa closes with the words: "In country, in the army and on the road, modern life on this earth, love is all

BOOKS WORTH READING

dried up like a dry desert. But we World Revolution and Religion. By Paul want to restore once more a world of Hutchinson. 200 pp. $2. Abingdon light, freedom and love, satinaled with Press, New York. 1931. the power of the grace and love of J esus, which is like the soft rain of This book reminds us of the definispring." tion given of a pessimist-the man who blows out his candle to see how "The Way of Jesus Is the Way of dark it is. No one can dispute the God, of the Cross, and of the Holy seri,ous and disturbing conditions that Spirit." face humanity today-the disturbing factors of political, social, racial, and India: Land of the Black Pagoda. By religious changes in every land. These Lowell Thomas. 350 pp. $4.00. Cen- are ably sketched and emphasized as indicative of the dissolution of the old tury, New York.

Lowell Thomas,· an experienced order. But according to the author traveller, an expert narrator, and the it is because of these upheavals that author of a dozen popular volumes, the outlook for organized religi'On is knows what to look for and how to dark. When he speaks of the racial describe what he sees. He went to revolution the Mission Boards and the India expecting to stay two months, missionaries come in for severe criti- and he fell so completely under the cism. He says: "Missions as a recipspell of the East that he remained two rocal activity in which the white years. He roamed "back and forth for humbly acknowledges that he has as a total distance of over 60,000 miles." much to receive as to give, seems to He does not go far beneath the sur- them 'obvious nonsense, and they will face nor attempt a discussion of prob- have none ·of it. All of which forces lems, but writes as a reporter of the the observation that it is very doubtimpressionist type. He has given us ful whether Christian missions can .one of the most readable books of survive the coming and inevitable end travel in recent years, word pictures of white world domination." of a land that impresses every visitor, In the chapter on religious revolu- as it did Mark Twain, "a land of tion the impression is given that even dreams and romance, of fabulous as Darwin dealt the death blow t'O the wealth and fabulous poverty, of splen- old argument for the existence of God dor and rags, of palaces and hovels, based on "design," so Einstein's "relaof famine and pestilence; mother of tivity" touches the realm of morals. history, grandmother of legend, and "In a relative world, what becomes of great-grandmother of tradition." In right and wrong? And what is good? this era of close relationships, no in- That, in its simplest form, is the stagtelligent man can be indifferent to a gering question which, from this day people who constitute one fifth of the forward, confronts religion." human race and whose problems and aspirations are affecting the whole There is scarcely any reference to world. This book gives the reader a the Bible, and distaste is expressed for clearer conception of India, but we the Apostles' Creed. The author fails regret that it does not give greater to see that thrones and empires have prominence to the constructive forces passed away, but the Church of Christ that are operating. Mr. Thomas makes stands. The Sixtieth Chapter of Isafew references to missionaries, but iah and the closing chapters of Revelawhat he does say is sympathetic, par- tion are more optimistic. ticularly regarding medical missionaries, whom he highly praises. The We cannot call this a helpful book. lack of an index is a defect that We do not agree that our present should be corrected in any further Christless civilization can be saved from extinction by a new humanism. "Nor the church that now is will not at all survive" (p. 197). The conclud- printing. A. J. B. ing paragraph holds out some hope

for a new kind of a church (not built Korea: The Old and the New. By Ellaon the old foundations nor with the old name: "It will not be a church sue Wagner. 160 pp. $1.50. Revell, of one continent, or one race, or one creed. It may not be called by any New York. 1931. . of the titles that we know; not even by that title which seems very sacred Kaleidoscopic changes are taking to us, Christian. But it will be composed of those seeking and courageous place in Korea as throughout the Far souls in all lands who, in response to mankind's deepest and immortal urge, East. The cla-sh of the new civilizago out to do battle with all that is false and inimical to human develop- tion with the old produces staggering ment and who likewise go out passionately to find God." results. In 1880 there were still sign- We need not go out to find God, nor posts along the highways with the go far. He finds us, in Jesus Christ, who is with His church all the days words; "If you meet a foreigner kill until the end of the age. S. M. Z. him' he who has friendly relations with a foreigner is a traitor to his country." Today the young men with their Western learning and civiliza- tion think in terms as remote and dif- ferent as is possible. There is an un- quenchable thirst for Western educa- tion. "Schools spring up over night; books pour out of the press. The last decade has witnessed a revolution India's Religion of Grace and Christianity greater than, and more far reaching Compared .and Contrasted. By Rudolf than, the French Revolution. Old Otto. Translated by Frank Hugh F?s- shackles have been broken. This is a ter, D.D. 143 pp. 68. Student ChrIS- tian Movement Press, London. new Korea today." The effect of all this is seen in the everyday life of Dr. Otto is known to most readers the people-in their dre,ss and espeof theological books as the author of cially in the greater freedom of wom- "The Idea of the Holy." His excep- anhood and a special interest in the tional knowledge of Sanskrit literature preservation of child life. Superstiand his acquaintance with contempo- tions are disappearing and the last rary religious life in India make this chapters speak of the influence of recent volume of especial value to stu- Christianity in producing, directing, dents in this field. We say that the and controlling these stupendous religion of Christ should not be judged changes. This is a fascinating picby the faulty practice of its present- ture of present-day Korea with the day adherents, but by the Gospel of background of the heritage of the past its Founder. Likewise in passing by one who is in charge of a social judgment upon Hinduism we should evangelistic center in the old capital. know the teaching of its earliest books. What Dr. Otto has to say of s. M. Z.

the sources from which he quotes does Tukaram: A Translation from Mahipati's not detract from the supremacy he accords our faith and withal gives us Bhaktalilamrita. (The Poet-Saints of a broader view of the striving of the Maharashtra Series.) Translated from the Marathi by Rev. Justin E. Abbott, D.D. xx-346 pp. $1.25. Obtainable Holy Spirit with the children of men from the Author, 120 Hobart Ave., and a happier belief in the innate Summit, N. J. 1930. reaching out of the human heart towards God and salvation by grace. If This fictitious story of an adventhe author finds much in common be- turer with his Hindu god, who through tween the two faiths he also finds more the path of Bkakti is supposed to have of contrast, and this contrast should reached highest bliss, gives some inbe recognized and emphasized in India. sight into the inner life of non-Chris- A full glossary of the Sanskrit terms tian mystics. Missionaries may find used adds to the value of the book. here an introduction to the beliefs of a powerful and influential religious J. c. cult in India, and all will see in this

BOOKS WORTH READING

story an example of devotion to God. dresses is good, but the second on com- Fact and fiction form an indivisible ing to terms with the moral universe, blend but the teachings here presented i. e., human society, is outstanding. Its are surprisingly near those of the picture of Christ, is magnificent, meet- Christian Gospel. "Thou art unique in ing with full approval the modern stu- Thy possession 'of a pitying heart" dents' demand for inner instead of (p. 215). "There is no end to hap- outer authority, for an expressive and piness, where there is mutual sy~pa­ not a repressive moral code, and for thy and love" (p. 230). "Wrong thlllk- simplicity and unity of moral obligaing is the root of sin, and it has led many into trouble" (p. 322). tion. It is a vision .of great beauty and power, a real contribution to pres- M. A. Q. D. ent-day ChrIstian thought. P. w. H.

By the Waters of Babylon. By Louis Wal- Life of Cardinal Newman. By Gaius Glenn lis. 8vo. 222 pp. $2. Macmillan. 1931. Atkins, D.D. 338 pp. $2.50. Harpers, New York. There are rich dramatic, as well as religious, values in the Old Testament Nearly a century ha,s passed since history, biography and prophecy. Human nature and human needs have Newman, then a young Oxford Don, not greatly changed except as men and women have come into closer fel- startled the religious world with the lowship with, God-the eternal, the righteous, the loving heavenly Father. first of the epoch making "Tracts for Many of these eternal values are clearly brought out in this novel of the Times." The ideas that he set in the times of Zedekiah, king of Judah. It was a time of moral laxity, and the motion have profoundly influenced worship of Baal; of the oppression of the poor by the rich and of fear of Christian thinking ever since. Protforeign invasion. Jeremiah was prophesying in Judah and Ezekiel in Baby- estants cannot accept Newman's ultra lon. Running through the storywhich is slow of movement but well High Church opinions, which took him told-is the rationalistic view that Jehovah of the Hebrews was a tribal into the Roman Catholic Church; but god unlike Merduk the god of Babylon,' and Amon-Ra of Egypt, chiefly in they reverence his purity of character, being represented as a lord of mercy and justice to the poor and needy. his high aspirations, his unwavering The collection of the Old Testament canon is here described as a work of devotion to Christ, the beauty and scribes who gathered the best of Hebrew literature-but without any con- power of hi,s writings, and the spiritscious leading of the Spirit of God. uality that enriched Christian liter- Coming to Terms with the Universe. Rev. McNeil Poteat. 12mo. 85 pp. The ature with the "Apologia" and the im- Association Press, New York. 1981. mortal hymn-"Lead, Kindly Light." This little book, made up of three addresses delivered to Southern stu- This extraordinary man could not have dents, glows with a great desire to guide them into a real faith in Christ. had a more discriminating biographer The sincerity of the presentation, and the clarity of the argument leave little than Dr. Atkins, professor of homito be desired. Each of the three ad- letics in Auburn Theological Seminary.

He has a genius for analyzing charac- ter and motives and rare skill in de- picting them. We concur in the opin- ion that this book is characterized by "spiritual insight, a sympathetic in- terpretive mind, and masterly literary style, and that it is safe to say that it will find a place beside the two or three great books inspired by the life of Newman since he died forty-one years ago." A. J. B.

The Daughter of Abd Salalll–The Story of a Peasant Woman of Palestine. By Florence Mary Fitch. 75 pp. Richard G. Badger, Boston.

Seven months spent in Palestine gave the writer opportunity to study the home life of the people. This story

of a woman of Bethlehem throws a and heroism runs through the narra- flood of light on village life among tive, the hero finally triumphing over Moslems, from birth to death. The countless dangers and difficulties.

story grips the reader and between the lines folklore and ,superstitions not Report of the World's Committee of the generally familiar are accurately re- Y. M. C. A/s. 300 pages. 4s. Geneva. 1931. vealed and the facts themselves are a The comprehensive report of the plea for missions. A woman speaks; World's Committee of Y. M. C. A.'s published for the 20th World's Con- "Yet we were only half-glad. The baby ference of Y. M. C. A.'s contains a vivid statement of the seventy-:five was a girl! But she was a beautiful years history of the oldest internation- al youth organization. There is also a baby, and she was mine! We called description of the modern tendencies (political, economic, educational, and her Rasmeya, which means 'first class.' religious) which affect youth, and an explanation of some of the "signs of She grew ·strong and Mohammed loved the times" which are particularly prominent among young people today. her and I forgot my disappointment. The third chapter give·s a survey of Before she was a year old, she was be- the activity of the World's Committee during the last five years-its reortrothed to A'hmud, son of Mousa, Mo- ganization, extension, and deepening, hammed's cousin. He was three years etc. The last part relates to the prob- lems with which a youth movement is old. Mousa gave her a present and confronted in attempting to formulate a message adequate for the present promised to give her something at time and regarding the attitude to be adopted towards moral, international, every festival to keep her for his son; the formal betrothal was to come when they grew older. But one cold winter morning little Rasmeya sickened and by afternoon she was dead. I washed her little body. We sewed a fresh gar- ment about her. Others dug the grave and we carried her out and buried her.

The women said, 'She was only a girl.' " s. M. Z.

Gods of Wealth and War. By James L. interracial, economic, and sport ques- Stewart. 8vo. 288 pp. $2. Revell, New York. 1931. tions. These issues are approached in a spirit of frankness and determina- Like Dr. Stewart's earlier novels tion. A statistical chart of informathis tale of adventure in modern China tion regarding the Y. M. C. A.

is melodramatic and full of hair- throughout the world closes this vol- breadth escapades. It describes vivid- ume.

ly the scourges that beset China Miracle Lives in China. By Rosalind and phy,sical, human and demoniacal. The Jonathan Goforth. 12mo. 157 pp.

most realistic are the scourges of $1.50. Harper and Brothers. 1931.

locusts and of bandits with the very Dr. and Mrs. Goforth have had un- vivid picture of the trial of innocent usually rich experience as missionaries men before a Chinese court presided in China for the past forty years.

over by a Chinese chief. Dr. Stewart They have passed through many trials describes dark and baneful supersti- and sufferings for Christ and have tions in contrast with the enlightened witnessed many evidences of His wonand helpful influence of Christ. The derful power to change Chinese lives. elements of probability do not seem to The stories of over twenty of these hamper the author but the story moves "Trophies of Grace" are heart stirring along rapidly with sustained interest narratives. The record of facts and to the end. Dr. Stewart knows China the Chinese atmosphere reveals the and the Chinese and his tale reveals difficulties that face Christians in the present-day conflict with commu- China and the power of God to overnism and banditry. A story of love come all 'Obstacles.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1927

M.p of the Vganda Protectorate and Surrounding Territor-ie-a

HARTFORD Five Ways to Use Money SEMINARY FOUNDATION 1. Hoard it like a miser. Theological Seminary 2. Spend it on self. School of Religious Education 3. Give it away during one's life. Kennedy School of Missions 4. Distribute it by will. S. Invest it in Life Annuity Contracts. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President To hoard it will not bring real happiness A UNIVERSITY of religion. Three separate to either yourself or others; to spend it on schools of Christian training gro.uped on one self will produce a selfish and narrow ,har- campus, The Theological Seminary trains for acter; to give it away during one's life may the ministry i the School of Missions tor the mean want in old age; to distribute it by foreign field; the School of Religious Education will is to take a chaoce on having one's wishes thwarted after death and to lose the tor the lay worker a.nd teacher and for social joy which always accompanies giving.

service, Courses in any of the three Bchools But an investment in a Life Annuity Con- are open to all students. ThuB ()PP{lrtuDity is tract contains the good qualities 0 f aJl these of'fered for full-rounded reIigiollB education. methods and overcomes the obj ections raised to each. One's money is doing good, thus Hartford Seminary Foundation is located in bringing joy to himself and others. His the center of the jntel1ectual and cultural life generosity does not endanger his income dur- of New England, ha.lf way between Boston and ing old age for a liberal rate of annuity is New York. paid during life and as the whole transaction is completed before death, he is his own A serjes of handsome and weU..appointed executor and thus can be sure of having his buildings makes its campus one of the most wishes carried out. beautiful in its section of the country. The Case, Memorial Library containing 125,000 volumes is Let us send you coml'lete information for the use of the three schools. This is one of about the Life Annuity Contracts issued by the richest theological librafles in the country. the Institute. Address The faculty is composed of twenty· eight scholarly THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE I men and women who have attained distinction In. their respective tlelds. Box Y6, 153 Institute Place, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS I HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Hartford, Connecticut 1 Pioneering for Christ Give While in the Sudan You Live By MISS JOHANNA VEENSTRA AND AT THE SAME TIME with the United Sudan Mission. INCREASE YOUR INCOME Don't fail to get this book, telling of ANNUITY AGREEMENTS the call to the work and the experience~ of Miss Veenstra, missionary PROVIDE THE METHOD among the wild tribes of Africa. More interesting than fiction. Write for information to, Morris W. Ebne., Treasurer. Board 01 Foreigll This book has twenty~five illustrations of peoples and animals with MiniOlls of the Methodist Episeop~) Church. J50 which the author came in contact dur- Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y .. or ing her stay in the heart of Africa. W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mi,- Older folks, young people and chiI- sion. and Church Extension of the Methodist E:piscodren all enjoy this book. pal Church, 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa.

Bound in silk cloth with beautifully designed cover.

Postpaid $2.00 SMITTER BOOK COMPANY 513 Eastern Avenue GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Please. mention THE MISSIONARY REVl]JW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor CONTENTS FOR JUNE, 1927 Page FRONTISPIECE-MISSIONARY MAP OF FIFTY YEARS IN UOANDA EDITORIALS •.•………………………………………………….. 405 CHINESE MISSIONS IN THE BALANCE SUFFERERS IN THE MISSISSIPPI }'LOOD WHAT Is YOUR SC'ORE~ FIFTY YEAru:: IN UGANDA ………………………… R. ETHEL DOGGETT 411 A ,.ceord of the "Ilmarkable progress during the half century since Henry M.

Stanley first called for Christian missions to the Baganda.

TOURING WITH CHRIST IN ARABIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAUL W. HARRISON 419 Inte,.esting, personal experiences of a medical missiona,ry in the work of healing and teaahing among fanatical Moslems.

PIONEERING IN FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRIOA ., .' .. FLORENCE N. GRIBBLE 423 An account of the needs .net and the diffirmlties encountered in establishing missianary work in French Cameroun oountry of Western Africa.

A' CHINESE MAIL CARRIER …………………………… &lBERT GILLIES 428 NOMAD WORKERS IN AMERICA . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOUISE F. SHIELDS 429 A. very illuminating study of the migrant workers in the United States, their temptations and trials, the opportunities for work among them and what is being done by Christian Churches.

THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO THE JE:WS …………. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 439 A. glimpse of Sotne of the high lights of the recent {)onference of Christian worker'S among the Jews held at B!Ld.apest, Hun,gary.

INDIA'S NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . E. D. LUCAS 444 A. brief story of a recent meeting of the Cou",,,;l that represents all of tht; Chris- tian forces at work in India.

A CONFERENCE IN MADAGASCAR ……………………. M. A. HELLA.ND 446 The story of what happened when the various missionary sooieties working in the IslaM of Madagascar came together for an exoha"'ge of ideas.

THE WORD OF GOD AS A MISSIONARy ………….. ARTHUR T. PIERSON 448 THE PROGRESS OF ,CIlURCHES IN AMERICA FOR 1926 ….. R. K. CARROLL 449 BEST METHODS-How To, NOT How NOT To . . . . . . MRS. CLAYTON D. EUL:ElTTE 451 THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITED BY E,LLA D. MACLAURIN 457 THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN … EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 460 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ••……………………………….. – ….. 463 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 478 TERMS; $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clnbs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1927, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY. Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President Wm. I. Chamberlain. Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer publication Ollie., 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Ollie., 156 I!'ltth Avenue. Pa.. 250 a copy. $2.50 a year. New York City Entered as second-class matter at the Post Ollie•• Harrisburg, Pa., under Act or March 8. 1879. PERSONALS REV. J. KINGSLEY BIRGE, formerly eon· A Northfield in Asia neeted with the International College at Smyrna, has been called to Constantinople to A Committee of cooperate with Dr. MacCallum in the publi· American Missionaries cation work or the American Board in Turkey. desires correspondence with some Christian man or woman with suffi- MR. EUGENE OREN, the Foreign Minister cient consecrated wealth to lay the of the Cantonese Government, was born in foundations of an educational and Trinidad, West Indies. His mother, a Chi· evangelical nese, still lives in San Fernando. He mar· ried a ,Creole of Port of Spain and has two Northfield in Asia daughters and a son. Mr. Chen, when a resident of Trinidad, professed Roman Ca· Such a center of power is absolutely tholicism, and one of his brothers was the required to maintain and deepen the Session Clerk of a Presbyterian church in spiriruallife of missionaries and Asiatic Port of Spain. Christians. The Committee seeks a minimum of three hundred thousand HENRY B. DE1WING, PH.D., professor of dollars, and prays that God may di- Greek at Bowdoin College, has been chosen rect some Christian steward to respond the first president of Athens College, the new to this appeal. American institution in Greece which belongs to the Near East College Association. Address: DR. TOM LAMB[E, who opened the United American Missionaries Presbyterian Mission in Abyssinia, is now Field Director oE the Abyssinian Frontiers Mission, a recently organized branch of the World·wide Evangelization Crusade.

REV. DANIEL A. POLLNG, D.D., President c/o Missionary Review of the World of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, has become editor·in·chief of the Christwn REV. WILI,IAM G. MOCLUR-E, Presbyterian Herald, New York. missionary in Siam since 1886, died at Bang· kok, March 22d, in his sixty·seventh year. MRS. WlLLIAM EDGAR Gmr. lias been elected president of the' Federation or Wom· E. W. FRITCHLEY, for many years a vice· en '8 Boards of Fore,ign Missions of North president of the World's Sunday·School As·· America to succeed Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn. sociation, died at Ootacamund, India, on The office of the Federation has been reo March 8th. moved from Madison Avenue to 419 Fourth Avenue, New York.

*** MR.s. JOHN B. HAIL, who, with her hns· band, was placed, in 1922, on the retired MISS FLORENOE E. QUINLAN has resigned list of the .Japan ]I,nssion of the Presbyterian as executive secretary of the Council of Church in the U. S. A. after forty·six years Women for Home Missions but her successor of service, died at Wakayama, Japan, on has not yet been found. Miss Quinlan has March 23d. done most effective and self·sacrificing work for home missions in connection with the MISS MARY CAROLINE HOLMES, for thirty Council. The office of the Council has been :rears a missionary of the Presbyterian Board moved to 105 East 2,2nd Street, New York. in the Near E"st, died in New York City on March 3d. She was, for some time, a teacher REV. G. CAMPBELL MORGA,N, D.D., for· in the girls' school of Tripoli, Syria, and merly of London, has accepted a position was the author of "Between the Lines in on the faculty of the Bible Institute of Los Asia Minor," a book of experiences, and of Angeles. two novels, "Who Follows in Their Train" and" A Knock at the Door.'" For her dis· OBITUARY tinguished services in Urfa, during the war, Prance awarded her the Croix de Guerre MRS. MAIWARET WILLIAMS GREEN, the with palm. widow of the late Dr. Samuel Fiske Green, formerly a missionary of the American A MEMORIAL FUND OF $10,000, IN HONOR Board O. F. M. in Ceylon, died on March OF MRS. E. C. CRONK, is being raised by the 29th at her home in Hartford, Connecticut, "Light Brigade" of the United Lutheran at the age of ninety·one. Dr. Green was Church in America to erect a kindergarten a pioneer medical missionary in Ceylon and day nursery at the Ji·Ai·En, Kumamoto, 1863 to 1873. .Japan.

P1eaSB mention THE M[SSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to ad'Vertiser2. THE STORY OF FIFTY YEARS IN UGANDA (See page ~11)

Ml.S'SIONARY

~ VOL, JUNE, 1927 NUMBER L SIX CHINESE MISSIONS IN THE BALANCE T HE accompanying map (on page 406) shows the wide extent of the Protestant Christian missionary enterprise in China. – Every dot indicates the location of a city or town in which one or'more foreign missionaries have been residing. In most of them there have been from five to twenty missionaries. Practically all stations, except the port cities and some centers in the north and west, have now been evacuated by foreigners at the urgent request of their governments, Missionaries have regretfully left their' Echools, hospitals, churches and homes, and, by long, tedious and often dangerous journeys, have travelled to coast cities from which they can more easily withdraw from the country if it seems advisable, '?his course was taken, not merely to preserve the lives of the foreigIwrs from attack by fanatical and misguided Chinese, but to remove a cause of irritation and to prevent complications in the negotiations between Chinese and foreign governments. The withdrawal of foreigners will also lessen the danger to the lives of Chinese Christians who are suspected of being unpatriotic because of their friendship for the missionaries. While some foreigners have been illtreated and their property looted or destroyed, it is remarkable that so few lives have been sacrificed even where there was no foreign protection.

China is now more than ever divided into rival factions. Marshal Chang Tso-lin holds most of the northeastern territory; Honan is in control of General Wu Pei-fu, and Shansi and Shensi are reported to be a.cting independently. Marshal Feng Yu-hsiang, the Christian general, who has been in the northwest with his army, is reported to be marching to join forces with the more moderate Cantonese forces now under General Chiang Kai-shek. Marshal Feng declares that he is as strongly Christian as ever and will prove 4Q5

". .'

-~ • IN OPERATION — • UNDER CONSTRUCTION = . CONTRACTED FOR himself to be both a loyal Christian and a patriotic Chinese. The country south of the Yangtze- nearly one-half of China-is in the hands of the Nationalist forces (Kuomintang or Cantonese), but a division has occurred between the more radical party, favoring Russian Communism (with its atheism and freedom from restraint) and having headquarters at Hallkow, and the more moderate section, with headquarters at Nanking, and in control of the Shanghai District. Yunnan Province, in the southwest, is reported as not lined up with any of the contending parties. It is generally conceded that the Nationalistic party, which has adopted the principles of the late Sun Yat-Sen, is in general favor in China and has the greatest prospect for success in uniting the Ohinese on a national constructive policy and program.

1927J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

The following twenty-five points are supposed to be the Nationalist (Kuomintang) program for remaking a new China, as advocated by Dr. Sun Yat-Sen.

(1) To abolish "unequal foreign treaties" and place the Republic of China on the level in international affairs with other nations.

(2) Withc:1raw foreign military and naval forces stationed in China. (3) Abolish Foreign Consular jurisdiction. (4) Restore to Chinese control the concessions and settlements. (5) Restore tariff autonomy. (6) Regulate missionary schools, under Chinese National policies. (7) Divest aliens of the right to own property, establish banks, or issue notes, without sanction of the Rlepublic of China. (8) Assure to the people complete freedom of press, speech, worship, residence, and association. (9) Establish central control of finance; abolish likin (internal tax). (10) Eliminate surtaxes of land; suspend payment of land tax in advance; repeal the miscellaneous taxes; prohibit levying from the poor for military purposes. (11) Exempt distressed districts from land taxes and arrears of rent; prevent high interest. (12) Prohibit the CUltivation, transport and consumption of opium. (13) Reorganize the public properties belonging to the national and provincial governments; develop industry. (14) Render financial aid towards relief works (flood and famine); regulate 'the prices of rice; confiscate the properties of the anti-Nationalist leaders for the benefit of relief funds. (15) Assist the development of industrial agricultural, commercial and cultural organizations. (16) Put into practice the principle of tutelage; promote provincial autonomy and the popular election of provincial governors, mayors and village officials; organize assemblies of the people in the provinces, towns, and villages. (17) Promulgate labor laws, factory legislation, trade union laws; regulate minimum wages; prohibit the maltreatment of workers by employers or supervisors in the factories (both alien and national); improve working conditions, especially with regard to health and sanitation. (18) Guarantee funds for education which shall not be used for any other purposes; increase the salaries of the teachers in the primary schools; reduce tuition fees. (19) Improve the life of soldiers; advance their education; apply part of the fund from confiscation of the properties of the anti-Nationalist leaders for aged and disabled soldiers. (20) Guarantee and increase salaries in the lower grade of civil service and educational institutions. (21) Promote equality of the sexes; recognize the women's right of franchise on the same basis as men. . (22) Take a census. (23) Construet roads in every district. (24) Reform the system of currency; restrict the undue issue of paper money. (25) Assist the producers and consumers' cooperative enterprises with financial grants.

We are told by Mr. C. T. Chi, in The Chinese Christian Student, that the definite program for carrying out the above policy, carefully

mapped by Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, has been adopted by the Kuomintang. Internally, the first step would be a military dictatorship, and, after a considerable part of the country large enough to compose a governing unit has come under the party's control, an educational dictatorship would be instituted, and finally, when the revolution is completed, a democratic and constitutional government would complete the program. Externally, the party, in its war against imperialism, seeks the cooperation and alliance of all nations that honestly and truly treat China as their equal.

"Sanninism, which constitutes the creed of the party, is the creation of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen. It signifies 'threefold people's doctrine,' which is made of three parts viz., Mintsuism (Nationalism), llinchuanism (political democracy), and M'inshenism (economic and, looking at the doctrine as a whole, is democracy). The threefold doctrine aims at the establishment of what Abraham Lincoln called, a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. The salvation of China lies, first, in the protection of the people from foreign aggression by arousing the spirit of nationalism, secondly in the establishment of a real democratic government by preaching the theory of true political democracy, and finally and ultimately, in the buildjng of an economic system that will secure and guarantee the welfare and happiness of all the Chinese people."

In the midst of tht) present turmoil some of the Protestant missionaries have remained at their posts, but most of them have withdrawn at the request of their consuls. There is a division of opinion as to the best course of action for foreigners and their governments. Rome favor a strong policy to preserve life and property by the rresence of foreign gunboats and marines; others favor entire withdrawal of military forces and a manifestation of confidence in the Chinese-even though such action may bring temporary disaster. There is, today, no centralized power that is capable of maintaining order, protecting life and property, dispensing justice or performing the functions of a strong government, but such a time calls for patience and forbearance.

In the meantime, the missions in general have adopted a program as follows: (1) The withdrawal of their seven thousand missionaries from interior stations; (2) concentration at coast cities where there is less disorder and danger; (3) the return to homelands of those whose furloughs are due this year or who wish to resign; (4) the temporary transfer of some missionaries to other fields (such as the Philippines, Korea and Japan) where their services can be used to advantage; (5) the retaining of many missionaries in China to engage in study or other useful occupations until sufficient quiet is restored to permit their return to stations; (6) the handing over to Chinese Christians the custody of mission property until permanent adjustments can be made; (7) a general policy of

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

the nationalization of Ohinese missions with larger responsibilities placed on Ohinese Ohristians and conformity to Ohinese government regulations so far as these do not interfere with the Ohristian missionary character of .the institutions.

The missionaries have great faith in God, in the Gospel and the Chinese people. As a whole they strongly advocate a revision of all unequal foreign treaties and a return of foreign concessions to Chinese control in order that harmony may be restored between Ohina and other nations.

Ohristian missions in Ohina are in the balance. But the crisis is only temporary. The work of the missions has not been in vain. Schools and churches that have boon established may be closed temporarily, but they exert too great an influence in Ohinese life to be kept closed. A spiritual force has been set in operation in China through the power of God as revealed in Jesus Ohrist. '1'his power cannot be overthrown. Last year, amid all the disorders, one mission baptized 4,000 new Ohristian converts. There are many thousands of educated, consecrated, Spirit-filled Ohinese Ohristians who are ready to carry forward the work of Christ in Ohina if every foreign missionary should be withdrawn. The missionary program in Ohina may change and Ohristian institutions may be conducted, in future, more in harmony with the economic capacity and development of the Ohinese Ohristians. But in spite of difficulties, opposition and danger, the program of Ohrist cannot be defeated.

SUFFERERS IN THE MISSISSIPPI :B'LOOD T HE disastrous overflowing of river hanks that has recently overwhelmed the Mississippi Valley has inundated thousands of square miles of territory, has driven over 150,000 people from their homes, and has involved the loss of many millions of dollars worth of property. '1'he loss of life has been comparatively small, hut the suffering has been great and will be long-continued; disease also threatens the seven flooded states. If such a flood had occurred in Ohina-as is sometimes the case when the Yellow River overflows its banks-the loss -of life and the accompanying famine would have called for immense relief meaSUres. In the Mississippi Valley, the population is not as dense, nor the poverty so great, but President Ooolidge has called for $10,000,000 to provide immediate relief and hundreds of millions of dollars will be needed to remedy the condition that makes such floods a constant menace. Two hundred and fifty tributaries, inCluding fifty navigable rivers, drain into the Mississippi. Over 1,500 miles of levees from Oairo, illinois, to the Gulf of Mexico have been built to keep the river in its course. In many places, the bottom of the riverbed is higher than the roofs of buildings along the banks and now behind the levees homes, churches, schools, rich farmlands and plantations are inundated and

the populace has been driven out of large areas from the junction of the Ohio with the Mississippi as far south as the Gulf.

Already millions of dollars have been contributed to relieve the sufferers in response to nation-wide appeals. The Red Cross is undertaking the task of helping the sufferers and the Government will take up permanent relief and the prevention of future floods.

What Is Your Score?

A test prepared by Miss Belle M. Bra.in, Schenectady, New York.

T HE REVIEW offers these twenty questions as a test of your knowledge of missionary history. Grade yourself and your friends by the percentage of correct replies. Twenty correct answers will giv.e you a score of 100 per cent; ten correct answers, 50 per cent, and so on. When you have recorded your answers consult the correct answers found on page 477.

1. Who is said to have opened China" at the point of his surgeon's lancet 1"

2. What three famous missionaries to Africa died on their knees in the attitude of prayer 1 3. Why was George Leslie Mackay called the" Dentist Missionary" Y 4. What country is called the "Cradle of Islam" 1 5. What book was called by the London Spectator the "Robinson Crusoe of Missionary Literature" 1 6. Who was the first black bishop of Africa in modern times? 7. Whence came the first printing press 'Used in the stat( of Oregon? 8. What missionary did Robert Louis Stevenson wish to outlive in order that he might write his biography? 9. Under whose direction were 2,222 Telugu converts baptized in one day? 10. What young man, expelled from Yale College, became a famous missionary? 11. What officer of the Royal British Navy was a pioneer missionary in two continents Y 12. '''hat returned missionary was urged by the trustees to become president of Mt. Holyoke Seminary (now College) 1 13. What book, bought in a second-hand bookstore in Boston, taught Joseph Hardy Neesima that he could pray to God Y 14. Who preached the first Protestant sermon in Japan 1 15. During what war did Cyrus Hamlin bake tons of bread and launder thousands of garments for the suffering soldiers 1 16. What great missionary left America a Congregationalist and landed in India a Baptist 1 17. What young Scottish nobleman is called" The martyr of Aden" Y 18. Whose heart was buried in one continent and his body in another? 19. Why was Dr. Guido Verbeck, the great missionary to Japan, called" A Man Without a Country" Y 20. What great English missionary sailed for China by way of New York because no English ship would carry him direct to his field? (Answers on page 477.)

'1'HB DAILY HLE6BAP11, MONDAY. NOVEMBER 1S; .1875

,;)tIlgeographicai mileS itl, ~adtti'-iiivitll8'to reptLir to hin d .'~ .: A,,<IIl me to teU thewbite men that if ti·Y. .'. ,", ole ',only come to him bwiUgiva them 'a:ll~bil.r oV$lj: .1.0: ~n~.~'l.,*"~t.ol Now pI'h~erfe iisetlhedre in all' the Pagani;'0rtd.1t i'p~haehsc!i. more fora mIssion than . ga.nda~ ttp,;nt Colonel Lillant de Belleforids i~ my; wi~~ ihllt :200 ft· :!E,~!,. I speak the. .trllth, a.nd Iknowbe .. 'lfIU cor- :sever .etl~"t ,1;; ascer- }aro'rrdbeeonnmcthtame waaneU,ll-.iwsIiSahCsIaalyll:.vfionrTiethht,ee·aWCnadgoal!hnJM~nae'1ba,etshcoOInmgealmaia~.; Ibuts. j The, to the h, 't:O~llded Then why further spend needlessly vast 8ums primit.i,:e o on upon black Pagans of. Africa who have no 1I0W VISIl'

example of tl:ieir own people becoming Chris- cotton ~~/}~DA. tians bafore them? aIllsdpetol.kt:hteoFthreeeUMnei~vbeordsiitsiteis The I'" MillSion at Zanzibar dresA It and your IL& l!ouibasa. to the leading philaJIthropists, was a ~ect C6J,1- ~nd t~e pious people of',England" Her~! ga~tIe- grass r (y,mari~ me~ll!J y'our OPp0l'tumty:-embrace It I . The the rv, ,; " ~Me on the shot'es of the Niyanza call u~ iusid.'

;;licI!ft:j;he, ~~'Obey y.our 0Yi.n generoull instincts, and A'~hg lis,ton to the~ ;an4- 1" ~~~,re you that in o~ia tho :amis Bin :tear you WIll . ha11'e~!mora converts to ChrIS- ,(' wbIt ri;I'e ~ianity tha~. all; 'ot~eL" .Illissionari~ '; qu!te~ I to ;ia:?<il can nu~ber;. /l'he population of lIftesa s'!dug- • rn i,{ dO is very dense; I' estimate· thenum~r of ~ had ~iI1r811bjectsat2,OOO,OOO, YO? ~aed ~ot fear ~ , and spend: money upon Buch a mISSIon; as Mt~ IS .

~8l: BuJe rulel',an)lwill, repay its cost, tep"~:~:1 ,;.th 'II .. Il '#()fY~' coIFee}.,.~·~MR1.i … ' _a· ve!'} ~~•. ~ HENRY M. STANLEY'S LEl'TER THAT LIDD T'O THE FOUNDING OF THE C. M. S. MlISSION IN UGANDA Fifty Years in Uganda BY R. ETHEL DOGGETT, LONDON, ENGLAND Assistant Secretary of the Editorial Department, C. M. S.

H ALF a century ago Central Africa was practically an un- known land to the white man, who had scarcely heard of the little country of Uganda, lying midway between Cairo and the Cape. Two or three intrepid explorers had reached it with infinite toil, when bent on the discovery of the source of the Nile; but it was not until 1875 that anything was reported of the peoples of that region. Then H. M. Stanley, wl}o had first visited Africa at the request of Mr. James Gordon Bennett of the New Yark Herald, in an endeavor to find and help David Livingstone, reached Uganda in the course of a remarkable attempt to cross the continent from east to west. His interest and sympathy were at once captured by the people whom he met in the heart of Uganda. He found a king, chiefs, 411

and people sunk deep in superstition and cruelty, it is true, but combining to form a well-organized community, and showing intelligence and power of leadership which marked them out from all the tribes round about. Stanley's knowledge of Swahili enabled him to talk to King Mtesa, and he began to tell him of the wonders of the world outside, and especially of the great God who had created the world. The king's interest was aroused, and he begged that white teachers might be sent to his country. This request was emhodied by Stanley in a letter to the New Yor'k H eraU and the London Daily Tflegraph. AI': he wished to con- tinue his journey across Africa, he entrusted the letter to a Bel- gian officer, Colonel Linant de Bellefonds, whom he had met on the borders of Uganda. Almost immediately, however, this officer was killed, and only when a search party was sent out was the letter discovered in his long riding boot. It was then forwarded to General Gordon at Khartoum, and was sent by him to England. rrhe let- ter which was published in the Daily Telegraph on November 15, 1875, ended with these words: "0' that some pio1ts pract-ical misBion.ary would come here! . … Such an one, -if hc can be fonnd, would become the saviour of THE u~!j.~'W:~E~tltt~~ GmJrTG~ OF Africa. N owhcl'e in aU the pagan world is ther'e a more promising field fat· a mission than Uganda, H el'e, Gentlemen, is your opport'Ulwity. Embrace it! The people on the shores of the Nyanza caU tIP on you."

If the course of the letter was romantic, the response it evoked was no less so. Immediately a gift of £5,000 was sent to the Church Missionary Society by one who styled himself "An Unprofitable Servant. " 'J'his was followed by other sums, amounting within a week to £24,000.

No missionary committee could ignore this double challenge, and forthwith an appeal for recruits was issued which found its way to every cornel' of England, and also to a certain Scotch engineer, Alexander Mackay, who was studying in Berlin. Within a month he and a naval officer, Shergold Smith, had offered themselves for this

FIFTY Y'EARS IN UGANDA

service. Others quickly followed, so that in less than six months from the pUblication of the letter eight men had sailed for Uganda. Stirred by the appeal of human need, and impelled by the love of Christ, these pioneers released a new dynamic for the saving of Africa when they set out on their great adventure.

The story of the arrival of the first two missionaries on June 30, 1877, and of the trials from disease, opposition, persecution, and martyrdom which beset the missionaries and their African converts and helpers, is one of the epics of missionary history. It has been told and retold for the inspiration of those who come after and its retelling here would extend far beyond the limits of this article. '"

STUDENTS AT THE BISHOP TUCKER TRAINING COLLEGE If we cross the years and visit Uganda today we are confronted by a changed country, in which change the work of the Christian missionaries is acknowledged to have been the chief factor. Instead of the three months' toilsome march from the east coast through forest and swamp, the journey can now be accomplished in less than three days by a railway, which is one of the world's engineering feats, and by a well-equipped steamer across Lake Victoria.

Uganda is now a British Protectorate, each of its component parts being ruled by a king or paramount chief, most of whom are Christian men. Excellent roads, ordered justice, peace, and prosperity, are among the visible signs of the change which the coming of Christianity and of civilizing influences from the West have brought into the life of the people. It may be said without fear of contradiction that the Church, the British Government, and the native rulers • One of the best brief accounts is to be found in "Uganda in Transformation," by Bisbop Greslord .Jones, 1926. C. M. S. LondC>Jl.

M~SSION SCHoor, BOYS AT KAMPALA. THE CATHEDRAL IS IN THE BACKGROUND have all contributed to the uplift of the people, and that in their continued cordial cooperation lies the hope of further development.

The population of the Protectorate is now slightly over 3,000,000, of whom probably about half a million are nominally Christians. These Christian adherents are divided almost equally between the Roman Catholic Missions and the native Church of Uganda which has come into being through the work of the Church Missionary Society and is in communion with the Church of England. The native Church is highly organized on lines that were familiar to the Baganda in the regulation of their own communities. More than seventy African clergy share equally with European missionaries in the work of the Synod and the various church councils. All of these native clergy, in addition to the teachers and schools, are supported by African funds. The glory of the Church from its earliest days, when the fires of persecution might easily have checked public witness, has been its missionary spirit.

The Christian work began at the capital of the central kingdom of Buganda. From there it has mdiated in all directions to the farthest bounds of the Protectorate and beyond its borders. African has carried to African, often crudely and imperfectly, but with the accents of conviction, the message of the love of God in Christ. Everywhere, among ruling chiefs or primitive tribes and degraded tribespeople, among progressive Baganda or the shy pygmies of the inland forests, that message, conveyed through African lips and lives, has had transforming power.

To a great extent the Gospel has been spread through the schools, of which there are some 1,200 connected with the Protestant

1!f27] FIFTY Y'EARS IN UGANDA

Church in Uganda. These range from the extremely primitive type of bush school to the central and l1igh schools where a broad-based, if not very advanced, education is given. In the little village schools from the early days of the Mission, old and young have gathered, poring over their alphabet sheets in order that they might learn to read the Bible and be baptized. In the more effieient central and boarding schools, the New Testament still occupies the first place in the curriculum, for to fashion character after the pattern of Ohrist is the goal of the highest and most comprehensive education.

THE C. M. S. SCHOOL NG'ORA, EASTERN UGANDA Very largely as the result of the teaching in schools and churches, the country as a whole has moved socially on to a higher plane. Slavery was abolished more than thirty years ago by the combined action of some forty Ohristian chiefs who felt that it was contrary to the teaching and spirit of the New Testament. Despotic tyranny has passed, and the people can now enjoy-the blessings of liberty. For many years the popUlation of the Protectorate was steadily declining through ignorance, superstition, and disease. Now it has begun to increase, through the teaching of hygiene and the opening of a number of infant welfare centers under the care of African nurses, trained at the Maternity Training School, which is an offshoot of the O. M. S. hospital at Mengo. Polygamy dies hard and old pagan customs will not pass in one generation, but the position of women has

Leen appreciably improved, and the ideal of the Christian home is sinking into the hearts and minds of African Christians.

The past twenty years have been a period of marked industrial development. Improved communications have tended to stimulate trade of various kinds, but it is to the cultivation of cotton, first introduced by two C. M. S. missionaries, that Uganda owes much of its present wealth. Two years ago more than 200,000 bales of cotton were exported, and more than £3,000,000 came back in sterling to the native producer. Last year there was a decline in the cotton trade, but this has served to turn the attention alike of European settler and native producer to new sources of wealth. The first distillery for motor spirit has lately been opened, sugar refining is being taken up, and the cultivation of coffee is likely to increase. In these and other ways the African is learning how to develop the resources of his country and to take his share in supplying the needs of the world.

Since missions have played so large a part in the development of Uganda and its people, it is of interest to look in more detail at the methods employed by the missionaries during the past fifty years. Alexander Mackay took out with him in 1875 some lenses, and from a biscuit tin he made a lantern with which he showed pictures to the king and his court. At his hut he set up a lathe, a forge, and a printing press, and there he not only worked but he taught the boys who flocked round him. They learned to read, they learned to use their hands, and they learned to know One who could give abundant life. Thus the beginnings of Christian education were laid in Uganda.

Simultaneously Mackay began to translate the Bible into the language of the people, and in the face of almost insuperable difficulties prepared and printed the whole of St. Matthew's Gospel and the first fourteen chapters of St. John. A few years later the whole Bible was available in Luganda through the work of that brilliant linguist-missionary-George Pilkington. From the beginning Christian inquirers in Uganda have been known as "readers"; and probably there are few missions in the world where the Bible has been so widely circulated and read.

The early missionaries were deeply stirred by the amount of preventable suffering which they saw around them, and they opened a dispensary which brought relief to many sufferers. In 1887 the famous Mengo Hospital came into being-the first and largest of four mission hospitals which have given untold help to thousands of patients year by year. The witness of the hospitals to the love of Christ and to His care for the weary and diseased has been one of the most effective means of helping a superstitious and fear-ridden people to enter into the meaning of the Gospel.

Public preaching and pastoral work have naturally had a large share in the progress of the Church and have been undertaken in-

FIFTY YEARS IN UGANDA

creasingly by Africans. Indeed the governing principle of the Mis- sion throughout the fifty years has been cooperation with the African in the evangelization of the country. ,Vhether in matters of administration or in extensive missionary effort, European and African have moved together at a pace suited to the latter. Moreover, partly through the lack of European staff, and partly of deliberate policy, responsibility has been thrust upon the African as fast as, or even faster than, he could be brought to accept it. Attention is being focused increasingly by Government and Mission on the training of leaders, and for this vitallv important work European assistance will be essential for some ye"ars to come. But how magnificently the African responds, and how infi- nitely worth while are the efforts to help him to meet the new de- mands made upon him! 'Take two or three examples: Recently Uganda has mourned the loss of Sir Apolo Kagwa, 'who for more than forty years had been prime minister. He was among the first converts to Chris- tianitr and shared in the persecution of early days, as well as in the new learning brought by the missionaries. The son of a chief, in due course he rose to high office, and displayed qualities of char- acter and statesmanship that would have marked him out as a CANON APOLO KIVEBULAYA great man, judged by the standards of any country.

A twentieth century hero is Canon ,Apolo Kivebulaya, who for many years has served as a foreign missionary from Buganda to the peoples of the Belgian Congo and the pygmy forest. A new language, strange conditions, hardships innumerable, severe persecution, are some of the difficulties which he has encountered in the strength of a great love for his Master and for needy men and women. By Europeans and Africans alike he is recogni'zed as a saint of God and a truly remarkable missionary.

Nor are the women of Uganda any less ready to respond to the call of Christ and give themselves to service. Story after story could be told of the capacity and devotion of these Christian women, whether it be the Queen of Toro who year by year prepares candi- dates for confirmation, or the simple village teacher who ventures into a disease-infected area to witness for her Lord by helping those in peculiar need.

2

What of the future~ As the Bishop of Uganda warns us: "The magnitude of the apparent success must not blind us to its inevitable limitations." 'rhere is much that makes for progress. Forces of the Spirit have been released and are at work throughout the length and breadth of the country, purifying and ennobling life in all its relationships. The Government has shown its desire to secure the cooperation of missions and of enlightened native leaders in extending and developing the facilities for Christian education. New rail- ways are projected which should be an immense gain to the indus- tries and the country.

But when all this has been said, it must be recognized that there are powerful forces antag- onistic to progress. Five out of six of the people are still pagans or Moslems, so that the moral atmosphere leaves much to be de- sired. Again, more than one or two generations are needed to change the instincts of heredity. It must also be admitted that, while much of incalculable benefit has been brought to Uganda in re- cent years, the vices and dangers MEMORIAL WHERE THREE CHRISTIAN of Western materialism have BAGANDA BOYS ~8~~E .MARTYRED IN crept in also.

'" The African is quick to accept, and quick to lose Christianity," says one who knows him well. In this jubilee year of the Uganda Church and Mission it is the earnest desire of all the Christian leaders that the spiritual life of the Church shall be deepened and strengthened. Towards the attainment of this end the Church throughout the world can cooperate, for it is as the tide of divine love and power can flow unhindered throughout the whole Body that the youngest, weakest members will enter into the experience of fuller life.

Fifty years ago, Alexander Mackay wrote from Uganda, "I am very sorry to have to inform you that our cherished hopes as to the Sultan's late edicts for the suppression of the slave trade, are hitherto vain. I find slave caravans passing Saadani every day with almost one hundred children in chains, per diernl" Thank God, that curse has been abolished!

OMAN WOMEN WAITING FOR THE MlSSIONARY

. Touring with Christ in Arabia BY PAUL W'. HARR.ISON, M.D., BAHREIN, PERSIAN GULF "N0' Missionary of the Reformed Church in America I don't want to see you." The irritated skipper of a British India steamer was talking to an itinerant medical missionary, who did not believe in the Nordic myth. "All I want is for you to understand that you cannot travel deck on this steamer. I won't have white people mixing with the natives in that way."

In vain did the missionary protest that the company's Bombay agents sell just f>uch tickets.

"N0, sir, no mixture of Europeans and natives on this ship." So the missionary unwillingly surrendered twenty-four additional mission rupees and added a millionth part of a per cent to Lord Inchcape's dividends. The missionary did not even try to present the Gospel to the skipper. It was needed badly enough but the time seemed unpropitious. :More or less silently he paid the second class fare from Lingah to Dubai and afterward unlimbered his camp cot among the deck passengers, where he found good air to breathe and more congenial company. "Come over here, I want to talk to you" said an Egyptian Arab, a fierce and bitter nationalist. He had just come from a visit of some weeks to Bahrain, where he had been preaching the evils of British suzerainty and the need of solidarity among Moslems. The seed had fallen on stony ground, and he bemoaned the degenerate times. Now 419

he was on his way to Dubai where he hoped to stir the faithful greatly. It is hard to get such a man to listen to the Gospel. He is full of politics. The old Turkish rule he immoderately praised, which panegyric left quite cold those of us who had lived under their rule. Several attempts were made to get his attention for Christ's message, but with no success. Even the missionary's composure was upset temporarily by his vociferous assertion that America's present policy was obviously dictated by fear of England. That night we had to ask forgiveness for forgetting that "the Lord's servant must not strive."

But Dubai was afraid of foreign complications so the Egyptian missionary of nationalism was not allowed to land. We fared only a little better, not being permitted to enter Dubai itself, the commercial center of the district. Half a loaf, however, is better than no bread and we accepted an invitation to visit a much smaller town twenty miles further on and to treat one of its prominent merchants who needed surgical attention.

The whole trip was one of surprises. I had never met so unreasonable' a ship captain, nor such a fire-eating nationalist. I found myself later the guest of a man affording perhaps the finest example of unostentatious hospitality and benevolence that I have ever seen. Though -himself needing care for six weeks, my host provided generous quarters where other sick and needy people might come for attention. Across one end of the large courtyard he built a shelter from the sun, providing in this way a verandah twenty feet or more deep, an ideal shelter for the patients who came in large numbers. ,Ve had thirty or more in-patients much of the time, and every morning, noon and night slaves came from the house bringing milk for those whose diet had been so limited by the doctor's orders, and meat and rice for all who might eat more substantial food. Those lacking a bed were provided with one, and anyone needing fuel had only to ask for it. I have seen many beautiful things among the Arabs, but I think I have never met with anything equalling the simple, 1m· ostentatious, almost automatic benevolence of that house.

It was easy to talk of the things of Christ to that man, but very difficult to make any real impression. All he wanted, he found living as a Mohammedan. It is true, he did not find all of it in his religion. The intense Mohammedan puritans of Inland Arabia reckon such as he, infidels. To a very unusual degree he walked in "the light that lighteth every man coming into the world." Nevertheless he was a sincere Mohammedan and any faith in Christ beyond regarding Him as a superseded prophet seemed beyond his reach. A sense of des- perate inadequacy and helplessness comes over the missionary at such a time. If Christ could meet and talk with such a man, surely He could put His finger on some hidden area of conscious spiritual need, just as He did with the Samaritan woman, and he might thus lead him straight into the Kingdom of God.

TOURING WITH CHRIST IN ARABIA

That hospitable, kindly old man is typical of the Arabs of his district. Courteous and earnest and tolerant, they offer a marked contrast to the men and women whom we meet in other parts of the peninsula. Several came to ask us to conduct a Christian service on Sunday so that they could come and listen. What an opportunity! That first Sunday seventy-five men were listening for the first time to the Good News of Christ. The missionary goes to his knees when he faces such a service. Just what does God want us' to present to these people 7 That first Sunday we tried to tell them what Christ meant when He told Nicodemus "Ye must be born again," for in Nicodemus Christ met a man who must have resembled these Arabs very closely. They listened with great courtesy and agreed that they needed new hearts. Thus they were able to go one step beyond Nicodemus in their comprehension of the message, but no further. All we could do was to pray that, like him, they might later come into an effective faith.

On the second Sunday we told them of the nature of Christ's salvation,how His own life flows into us to be our life just as the life of the tree flows into the branches. Orthodox Mohammedanism is mechanical and cold, the most formal intellectualism imaginable. As might be expected mystical movements have run from time to time through it, gaining temporarily a tremendous vogue. The great Shiah schism has that as its underlying basis. This mystical aspect of the Gospel made apparently a deeper impression than that presented on the previous Sunday. It seemed to the speaker that some of those Arabs looked into the open door of the Kingdom of God with real longing of heart that Sunday morning. But the price of entrance is high in Arabia, and the inevitable reaction after such a service seems to be a renewed and revivified effort to find the blessings of Christ in their own religion.

There are two things that make it hard for the Arabs to enter the Kingdom. One is the price that must be paid for gaining the new and the other is the very great attractiveness of the old. The great feast of the Mohammedan year came while we were in Ajman and, as always, everybody went out to attend a sunrise prayer meeting. The whole town was there. A row of men five to ten deep, in bright holiday clothes, stretched for a hundred yards and more. Ten feet behind them was a similar row of women shrouded in black. 'fhe -preacher stood in front on a raised platform, and after a short reading, led the worshippers in prayer. It was a wonderful sight, perhaps two thousand people reverently seated on the desert sand, in the cool of the early morning, the sun just appearing over the mountains in the distance. The deep blue of the sea was in front, and the desert stretched out to infinite distances behind. Palm trees were scattered thinly over the landscape as in a park at home.

As the service drew toward its close the low thunder of cannon

in the distance told us that fifteen miles away to the west morning prayers in Sharga had ended. A few minutes later a louder boom from Urn el Gowein on the east announced the same thing from there. Our prayers came to their close a moment later and the earth shook with a tremendous report from the guns by the Sheikh's castle. Ajman also had finished. I have been in Catholic services where the elevation of the Host is accompanied by a peal from the great bells of the cathedral, and a man must be made of stone to be unmoved by such a service; but I have never seen anything to compare with this Mohammedan service, where simple, unostentatious worship is not trapped with tinsel and gilt, but is a part rather of the awful and divinely beautiful works of the Omnipotent God and where the humble worshipper joins hands with similar worshippers the world around.

The missionary witnessing such a service hopes very earnestly that when the Church of Christ appears in Arabia it will learn from Mohammedanism, will learn indeed a very great deal. He hopes that it wiil remove the Western clothes that the missionary tends to put on it, and in their place will put on the garb of the East.

But the aching desire of the missionary's heart to give this people Jesus Christ is not diminished by seeing such a superb service. He knows that this is the one nest of chattel slavery still remaining in the world. He knows that of all Arabia this district is most terribly cursed with immorality, unless perhaps following its rapid Westernization, Bahrain can now compete for this evil preeminence. He knows that the pearl divers are oppressed and mistreated unspeakably. He knows in short that the splendid Arabs in this district of Oman, like every other splendid people in the world, are not delivered from the power of sin and selfishness by any services, however beautiful and moving, by anything except by the power of Christ. Therefore he prays, not simply that God may give him on this trip the wisdom and the grace to present a picture of Christ free from its Western defacements, he prays even more that those to whom God has entrusted wealth at home may be guided by His Spirit to such gifts as will make possible for that country of hospitable and kindly people, not only an occasional visit by a missionary but a permanent mission station with a continued and prayerful, and please God an adequate and effective presentation of Christ. Then we will see services of worship that are not only simple and sincere and beautiful, but also powerful and transforming because in them the people shall meet Christ.

A KARRFJ. NATIVE WAS "SURE" HE COULD RIDE MR. GRIBBLE'S BICYCLE. HE

PERMITTED A TRIAL WITH HIS FRIENDS ASSISTING. 'I'HE MISSIONARY'S PORTERS ARE IN THE BACKGROUND.

Pioneering in French Equatorial Africa BY FLORENOE N. GRIBBLE, M.D."

W HEN Stanley, whose birthplace had been Wales and whose adopted country was America, was exploring the Congo for the King of Belgium, a young Italian named De Brazza was also exploring for his adopted country, France. Reaching Stanley Pool first, he claimed the country on the north and west for the land of his adoption.

French Equatorial Mrica has today an area of approximately 700,000 square miles and comprises four districts, Gaboon, the Middle or Moyen Congo District, the now familiar district of Oubangi- Chari-Tchad, and Lake Tchad military district.

The capital of this immense territory, Brazzaville, is a beautiful and attractive city. The ornamental palms and fragrant flowers enhance th~ artistic beauty of the landscape. Notwithstanding these facts, the white population scarcely exceeds five hundred, and consists principally of officials, traders, army ~fficers and their wives, with a small missionary population.

• (Note: Among the unnamed '<many other brave fol1owers of the Cross in AtrIca," there should be mentioned the late Rev. JameS S. Gribble, husband o,f Doctor G"ribble. He led the pioneer party of the Mission Oubangui-Chari, and! laid down his Hfe in establishing the first Station. Without his courageous faith and sacrificial labor, this needy field would not now be in process or evangelization.) 423

The native population of ]'ronch Equatorial Africa is varied. Tribes of mixed blood inhabit the coast regions. One has the desert tribes in the north and the Bantu tribes of the lower Congo, including the well-known Bakongo and Bateke. Yet there is little congestion in French African population for the sum total of all these tribes aggregate not more than ten million. If the population of these vast territories were equally distributed, it would average only fifteen to the square mile.

One of the most densely populated regions of these vast domains is found in the Oubangi-Chari-Tchad district, lying east of the Camerouns, north of the Belgian Congo, and west of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. In this district are some members of the Bantu groups, but THE MISSIONARY'S HOUSE- BUICK WITH GRASS ROOF for the most part the population consists of mixed blood from the Arab and Berber strains. Especially is this true in the eastern extremity of the district where are found the Zande, whose prowess is so well known, both in conquest of other tribes and in hunting.

The French African native is no longer a cannibal because cannibalism is under the ban of French law, death being the punishment of every native convicted of eating human flesh. But witchcraft, fetishism, secret societies and many other customs of tribal life hold the heathen native in their sway. Mohammedanism has gained the tribes of the north, and Roman Catholicism has made many inroads along the Congo and Oubangi R.ivers.

The officials are respected by the people and the French language is taught to the native. While religious services may be conducted in the language of the people, yet the schools give instruction in the French language only. Missionary schools come under the same official regulations as government schools, and teachers must obtain

1927J PIONEERING IN FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA

the" Superior" Certificate from the" Alliance Francaise" in Paris, . – the recognized school for the preparation of foreigners desiring to teach in French colonies.

'rhe government is carefully administered. 'rhe chief executive is the governor-general who resides at Brazzaville, and who is assisted by lieutenant-governors, one residing in Gaboon, one in Moyen Congo, one in Oubangi-Chari-Tchad, and one in the Lake Tchad Military District. The lieutenant-governors, thus presiding over their respective provinces, are assisted by administrators, presiding over subdivisions of the provinces known as circonscriptions or dis- A FOUR-CYLINDER MOTOR CAR IN Al'RlCA tricts. Each of these administrators is assisted by black soldiers or police, many of whom are recruited from Senegal.

So far as possible, even with this efficient organization, the French colonial government r espects the tribal laws, and the administrators work through the native chiefs, appointing, guiding, directing, removing them, but permitting them to employ their faculties and talents, and as far as possible respecting their inlleritance. The native is subject to tax, and herein lies a large part of government revenue. The rate of taxation is in exact degree to the degree of subjugation which can be obtained and maintained.

The French Government, then, has the great northwestern part of Africa, all other nations having their territories surrounded and isolated like little patches amidst the overwhelming preponderance of French possessions, extending as they do from the Mediterranean on the north to the Atlantic Ocean with its gigantic curves on the south and west, and from the vast flow of the Congo and its tributaries on the east and south to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan on the east.

It is a great privilege to be permitted to be a missionary in these extensive domains, and every missionary society therein located has before it an expansive future fraught with issues enormous and weighty.

Yet French Equatorial Africa with its coast line in Gaboon is by some strange anomaly dep endent for its equatorial exit and en- ONE OF NANA'S SONS, YAKANENGlE, HAS BECOME A GREAT SOUL WINNER. HAVING LED SCORES OF HIS PEOPLE TO CHRJST trance into Africa upon the Belgian Congo, which has no coast line but which controls the mouth of the Congo. The little Belgian railway which has been built around the Livingstone rapids in the Lower Congo is utilized by the French as well. But this will soon be changed, for the French are prospecting a railway from BraZizaville to a point in Gaboon 250 miles distant and known at Pointe Noire, situated near Loango.

PIONEERING IN FRENOH EQUATORIAL AFRICA

One of the greatest contributing factors to progress in French Equatorial Africa is the wonderful system of automobile roads recently inaugurated by the Government. These roads not only bring government official and people nearer together, which was their primary purpose, but they form a network of amazing highways for the Gospel. The completion of a road is always immediately followed by the removal of the people from the mountains or the bush to the roadside. Planned as military or caravan roads for earthly administration, these thoroughfares are fast becoming the highways along which the Church militant advances to the evangelization of Africa's last frontiers-along which also the caravans of the Gospel shall penetrate the dark ignorance of paganism. We stand in French Africa at the threshold of vast unknown territories, less developed in Equatorial than in North Africa, but also needy, and awaiting the Church with its message of salvation. Protestant Missions at work in French Africa include the Swedish Evangelical in the vicinity of Brazzaville, the Swedish Baptist in the vicinity of Bangui, the Oubangi-Chari Mission in the vicinity of Bangui, Bossongoa, Boali and Bozoum, the Mid-African Mission, east of Bangui, and Center of Africa Mission contiguous to the preceding and the Africa Inland Mission·which has recently been established at Zemio. The Oubangi- Chari Mission, of which the author is a member, was started in 1918, after the pioneers had done previous service in British and Belgian territories. The first station was opened at Bassai, near Bozoum, in 1921, after three years of enforced waiting and importunate prayer. The second station was opened at Yaloke in 1924, and the third at Bossangoa in 1926.. The three tribes, the Karre, the Baya, and the Banou, have responded favorably to the Gospel, now having a total church membership of between 2,500 and 3,000.

The object of the Mission is the evangeli'zation of the Oubangi- Chari-Tchad district of French Equatorial Africa, with a line of advance continually toward the northwest, contesting the Mohammedan advance among the tribes yet pagan, and seeking eventually the conversion of tribes already gone over to Islam. The Mission is under the auspices of the Brethren Church of America, with special dependence upon the faithfulness of a prayer-hearing God. The immensity of the field, the darkness of paganism, the falsity of Mohammedanism, the prevalence of disease including leprosy, sleeping sickness, malaria, etc., constitute in themselves a call to prayer on the part of all God's children for all missions, and for every force endeavoring to cooperate in the evangelization of these frontiers.

In the footsteps of Livingstone, of Laws, of Huntington; in the trail of Hurlburt, of Haas, of Cedar, and of the many other brave followers of the Cross in Africa, let us press forward with the wondrous story of redemption until our Lord Himself shall return to claim His Bride.

A CHINESE MAIL CARRIER* H IS name was "Shih," and "ShIh" means '~stone," but we never called him Peter. From the day Mr. Ting had bought fifty pairs of chopsticks from his humble stall, and he had heard that there was a "Jesus Hall" in the town-something he had never heard of before-ShIh had moved forward in his knowledge of God.

Now his little shop bore the sign-board "Rock of Ages." The rigidly-shuttered door on the Lord's Day, marked the little hunchback as a Christian, even if he had not beaten a big brass gong on the High Street, and called out, "Come to worship at the Jesus Hall," as he smiled his way along to the East Gate., Across the street was the Chinese post office, and the postmaster was a Christian-wealthy, fat and flourishing, Mr. Chow stepped over the roadway one morning. "Venerable ShIh," he said, "in your old vagrant days you tramped many a mile with heavy loads. Are you good for a long walk now, I wonder? We're short of a courier, and trustworthy men are few. Could you start on a run at once, to help the Chinese Government today?"

"Ah, Brother Chow, I served the devil and opium then. Gladly for the post office, and for you, my fellow-Christian, I will do my best."

""

The Conference was closing. It had come to the testimony and consecration meeting. Tan, the first believer in those two counties, rose to promise every free day through the winter for itinerant preaching and bookselling. He had done much of such yeoman service before.

Some pledged a few days' help at preaching campaigns or bookselling trips. One or two would go to Bible classes for a month, and some spoke of giving" a tenth" of their gain to the Lord's work.

Then the little hunchback rose. He knew it was useless to stand behind the high desk on the rostrum, and so he spoke from his place near the wall. "I am a poor little chap to look at, but what would I have been if the Lord had not saved me 1 My opium would have landed me in hell ere now."

"And I have been carrying the mail for the Chinese Government. It was the proudest day in my life. I looked at all the big strong young fellows on the road, as I ran through the villages, with my bags swinging from the pole. Why had Mr. Chow chosen me-me, but for the grace of God an old opium-sodden vagabond 1 And God had chosen me too!"

"If anyone ought to give a tenth to God I ought to do so, but I can't I read or figure. However, the Post Office gave me eighteen hundred' cash'

J' for the job. I can't give the Lord less than two thousand, and the church treasurer can have it as soon as he likes to call !"-Robert Gillies.

'London Christian, 1/20/27.

A OROP IN A WALNUT GROVE. LOS ANGELES OOUNTY

In these groves little children can earn as much in a half day as they formerly earned in a whole day-before the schools started halfwday sessions.

N omad Workers in America BY LOUISE F. SHIELDS, REDONDO BEACH, CALIE'ORNIA "Faxes have their holes and the wild birds their nests, but the Son of Man bath not where to lay his head." Matthew 8: $0. "Ye know the gmce of our LOl'd Jesus Christ. Though he was rich, yet for your sake he became poor, that ye through his poverty might become rich. fj Corinthian. 8: 9.

ARICKETY automobile of 1912 model stopped beside the road near an orchard where huge apples lighted the trees with flame and gold. The driver of the car leaned forward to question the men and women on ladders who were stripping the trees of their wealth. The woman sitting with him on the front seat held a baby on her lap and a three year old beside her. A row of towheads peered through the ragged curtains of the back seat.

"What's the chance of getting a job here~" called the man in the car.

"Full-up!" replied the man who seemed to be directing the work of the apple pickers. "But it's only four miles to Cashmere where there's an apple knockers' employment office. Might try there. Go foul' miles the way you're headed now!"

429

The car wheezed down the road into the town and drew up near the Episcopal church parish house where rows of cars much like his own were parked three deep in the side street. The entire family rolled from the car to the soft green lawn in front of the building, where they found the door blocked by job-seek~l's. ~ ;: The five children shouted with glee and even the mother forced a wan smile when the man reappeared at the door and announced, "We've got a job, the first in three weeks. That church-guy's all right. He gave a ticket for us to get some hot soup before we go to the orchard!"

This family is only one of thousands who follow the crops all year on the Pacific Coast. Seventy-five per cent of the field workers are Mexican and the language barrier is added to other problems in California where there is a twelve months' rotation of crops. In Oregon, Washington and British Columbia, where ninety per cent of the harvesters are American-born and English-speaking, there is a three or four months' intermission of work" For a few months in the fruit season of the Pacific Northwest many leave their rented quarters in cities to try a "vacation with wages." The families who travel only a part of the year bear the title, "one croppers," or "two or' three or four croppers." Children's earnings add to the family paycheck.

PEOPLE WITH A VISION What had the Episcopal church in Cashmere, Washington, to do with labor distribution ~ All great, new movements center around a verson. Rev. E. C. Schmeiser had come with his wife from a downtown mission in Chicago, both imbued with the spirit of Christian service. After observing one apple season they instituted the free pmployment service in the parish house, and opened also a reading room with a writing desk. Many workers arrived too early for the jobs and were without means of support until the harvesting provided them with funds. So a soup kitchen was opened with the understanding that all who could do so would pay a small sum after they received wages. Donations of meat, bread and vegetables from local merchants and gardeners helped to keep down expenses of the soup kitchen.

Cashmere merchants declared that this was the first apple season when they had been free from the annoyance of a score of interruptions every day from strangers seeking direction to employers. The young minister seldom appeared on the street without a string of men trailing along, one talking with him and the others waiting their turns to ask him about jobs, or living quarters or, in some cases, seeking spiritual advice. Before the close of the harvest, workers came for interviews about the most intimate personal and family affairs.

That minister and his wife spent six days a week from 7 A. M. till 6 P. M. in their employment office and often had calls at their

NOMAD WORKERS IN AMERICA

home before and after these hours. At the end of the season they were weary and ready to leave for a vacation, but they were radiantly happy and were planning to enlarge their service next year.

The Presbyterian church in that same town devoted its Sunday evening service in the apple season to special programs for the "apple knockers" with musical features by the "knockers" themselves; and cooperated with some of the leading orchardists in evening entertainments on the ranches.

A MOTHER AND CHILDREN IN A NOMAD WORKER' S SHACK The churches in every agricultural community have the same opportunity as in Cashmere in the Wenatchee Valley, Washington, to demonstrate Christ-like sympathy for those who have left their homes to work in sections where specialized crops demand more workers than can supply jobs for the entire year.

There is a need for regulating the migratory labor movement by extending to the Pacific Coast the service of the Farm Labor Division of the Department of Labor which now operates chiefly in the Middle West. Until these economic needs may be met, the churches seem to be the only organizations with sufficient vision to pioneer in this emergency relief. The Council of Women for Home Missions has a well-defined

social service program under the direction of its farm and cannery migrant committee. This has been in operation since 1920 and has included six projects in canneries and truck garden centers on the Atlantic Coast. Since 1924 it has also established six projects in the sections that produce apples, berries, hops and cotton on the Pacific Coast. The interest of the Council was stirred by such instances as the following: A young mother with a six-months-old baby in her arms joined other mothers and little children on the truck which started early one morning from the harvest labor camp under the stately fir trees by the Willamette River in Oregon. Men walked beside the truck. After the boisterous crowd of workers reached the field for the day's work, this young mother laid her baby on a pile of canvas sacks. Later a truck driver said: "I did not see the baby. But, thank God 1 My horses saw it and shied away from it!"

The young mother said: "Yes, it was a narrow escape. But the sacks were dry over on that ground where we had finished picking. The vines are wet where I-had to lay my baby down this morning."

Near the row of babies on the wet vines, toddlers, bedraggled with the dew, pulled at their mothers' skirts. Children, just a little older, were picking into their parents' baskets for a part of the time, but were often trampling the vines and causing a sharp rebuke from the check-boss. Those same cl>tildren who were chilled by the dews and the fog of early morning stayed on into the burning sun of noonday. Sickness was causing a labor turnover of 300 to 500 per cent each year during the harvest period on that big hop ranch.

The manager of the ranch put on a health and recreation service the next fall, 1923, which succeeded in holding his crew to its maximum, 1,000, instead of his losing all but 300 at the end of the first ten days, as in 1922. He completed his harvest eight days sooner than usual. He also saved overhead expense of $15,000 to offset his investment of $800 in welfare equipment and in salaries of the workers who administered the day nurseries, daily newspaper, first aid for minor injuries, and evening entertainments which kept the young people from questionable resorts. The social workers also cooperated with the church people of neighboring towns to conduct religious services on the ranch.

The neighbors of the hop-grower mentioned were impressed by the success of the plan and were ready to cooperate with the Council of Women for Home Missions. As a result, in the summer of 1924, day nurseries, health service and evening entertainments were undertaken with supervision by teachers and college students. The employers paid the greater part of the expense, while women of local

1927J NOMAD WORKERS IN AM'ERICA

churches provided supplies and some volunteer service. The Council paid a part of the salaries. "

The Oregon departments of labor, health and education started a program to regulate conditions caused by the large number of transients. Any Christian man or woman with a vision of service to their fellow men could accomplish in any part of the United States, a work similar to that carried on in the Oregon farming community. There are two adjoining counties with 25,000 to 30,000 migratory workers every summer.

Women comprised more than half of the 198,147 workers employ~d in canning establishments of the United States in September WHERE THE CHIEF CROPS ARE GATHEREn BY MIGRAlNT WORKERS In the United States, nearly ninety per cent of the cultivated acreage Is used tor five cropscorn, hay and forage, c()tton, wheat and oats. These constitute over seventy-five per cent of the value of all crops. Next come potatoes, tobacco, applIes, barlew. rye and sorghums.

of 1919. Only 35,692 workers were engaged by these same establish-: ments in March of that year. The difference represents 162,455 workers brought into the cannery districts, from neighboring cities or from the year-round migrants who travel.among the canneries, and the garden-truck and fruit harvests. Many women take their children with them for the easier processes of the industry or leave them to unsupervised play around the labor camps or rented quarters in the towns. Some cannery managers deny children entrance to their plants because of danger from machinery or because of the children's damage to the fruit.

* The Council of Women for Home Missions, with headquarters at 105 East 22nd St.. New York City. will confer with church leaders in any part of the United States on this type o! service. It has a stereopticon lecture on this subject, with 60 finely-colored slides and rull text which may be rented at nominal cost.

3

Government statistics are not available for the number of "fruitfollowers." An estimate for the one state of California may be based upon the statement of the department of education that there are 20,000 children who have no chance for an education except in the seasonal schools organized by this state department. According to the school census of 1920, the ratio of school children between the ages of 5 to 15 years to the total population of California would indicate at least 117,647 migratory workers in California agriculture.

A MOVE ACRoss TIlE BORDER Mexicans are the preferred laborers in the cotton, citrous fruit, nuts and vegetables of California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, and in the beet-growing district of Colorado. A conservative estimate places the number of Mexicans now in the United States at 1,500,000, with possibly three fourths of that number in the southwestern states. The remainder are scattered through railroad operations of the Middle West and even in the steel industry of Pennsylvania.

In many sections of the Southwest, the Mexicans live in labor camps which the California Immigration and Housing Commission and the state boards of health in other states find it difficult to make sanitary. The language barrier, the difference in customs and the constant shifting from crop to crop present difficulties for religious effort which make it the more surprising that the Protestant Church has already in its membership more than 15,000 Mexicans in Southern California. The Roman Catholic Church, to which the majority of these Mexican workers are adherents, has a few social service centers for them, but none in agricultural districts, so far as reported, Health and recreation centers will go far toward winning to American standards the masses of dark-skinned neighbors who are pouring into the labor vaccum of the Southwest and whose children. born in the United States, are growing up to American citizenship. The Council has already appointed one full-time. Spanish-speaking worker among the migratory Mexicans in the Imperial Valley, and has received requests for organization in other centers as soon as it can enlist sufficient financial support.

On the Atlantic Coast the migrants in the cannery and truck garden centers are from Russia, Italy and other European countries. The Gulf states report their shrimp cannery workers to be the "crackers" or other" poor whites." The large cotton area of the Old Southland is harvested largely by the resident Negroes, but the volume of migration to the North and West has left some of the southern cotton sections in need of transient harvesters. Secretary James J. Davis of the U. S. Department of Labor reports that in 1926 his Farm Labor Division took 227,000, the surplus of cotton pickers and 7,200 cotton choppers from the burnt-out districts of Texas where the cotton was a failure, to the great cotton sections of

NOMAD WORKERS IN AMERICA

Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi where there was a shortage of labor. .

Beet-sugar workers deserve an entire story of their own, with their increasing numbers, mostly Mexicans, for the summer and fall months, in Idaho, Michigan, Ohio, South Dakota, Iowa, Colorado, North Dakota, Wyoming, Kansas, and Wisconsin. They are usually brought in on contract for the peak of the labor demand, and are left at its close without any help to locate future jobs. Usually they are without sufficient command of English to get information. The Great ,Vestern Sugar Company is endeavoring to establish its beet workers in Colorado in homes of their own, with gardens to culti- vate between the beet seasons. Denver charitable agencies complain of the hordes of beet workers who drift to them after harvest, and MANY BABIES ON THE lWITOMA RpN'OH IN OREGON HAD "LITTLE MOTHERS" WHOSE BACKS WERE NO'!' STRONi1 ENOUGH FOR THE BURDEN become dazzled by the white lights and unfitted for later service in agriculture. The churches have here an opportunity to help these needy people to establish homes and community life.

The wheat belt comprises Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, North and South Dakota, certain sections of Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Canada, with limited areas in other states. The Farm Labor Division of the U. S. Department of Labor now mobilizes and distributes about 100,000 harvesters annually, from the June harvest in Texas to September and October in Saskatchewan and Alberta. Many of these men follow the wheat for four or five months. Kansas employs 20,000 to 30,000 wheat harvesters in a normal year, Nebraska somewhat less, Oklahoma 12,000 to 15,000, the Dakotas more than any of the three.

Mr. George E. Tucker, director of the Farm Labor Division,

estimates that 75 per cent of these are single men or deserters. The 25 per cent who are family men represent occupations ranging through college professors, students, lawyers, journalists, ditch diggers and skilled mechanics who want a change of scene and employment. Of last year's harvesters 55 per cent were under 30 years of age, with the largest group at 24 years. Fifty-seven per cent had served in this capacity for 5 years or less; 43 pel' cent for more than 5 years; and 19 per cent for more than 10 seasons.

The wheat harvesters live in the homes of the farmers, or in bunkhouses and barns. They work hard for long hours, and are too =-'~=~,…., tired for week-night entertain- ments, but where Sunday is a harvest holiday the local churches have a chance to bring' Christ's message and help to these voyag- ers on the golden sea of wheat. The Methodist Episcopal clm rch at Larned, Kansas, has conducted basket lunch meeting'S on "shirt- sleeve Sundavs" in the wheat sea- son, and has· cooperated with the county agricultural agent in a wheat harvesters' recreation cen- ter.

Several denominations have done effective service among the men who work in timberlands. In the Washington-Oregon-Idaho re- HARDY MEN OF THE WOODS WHO GROPE gion the Presbyterian Church, FOR 'I'HE GUIDANCE OF A "SKY PILOT" U. S. A., is supporting eleven such workers who bear the name" sky- pilot"; the Christian Church em- ploys one; and the Methodist Episcopal Church, about a half dozen workers. The lumber men are more or less saturated with I. V. W. teaching, and sometimes resent social service organized by their employers, but they are less suspicious of the churches.

The men in the logging industry work only a few months at a time, usually from February or March to June and then suspend operations because of the fire hwzard in the dry summer months. They resume work in September or October and work until the heavy snow blocks their camps for the winter. Isolation and lack of wholesome recreation, the short term in a locality, and temptations to squander earnings and to sink into vice of the cities between jobs, make this group especially in need of the ministration of the skypilot. Radio sets would be a god-send to the camps and would help

NOMAD WORKERS IN AMJERICA

MEXICAN CHILDREN PICKING COTTON IN COACHELLA VALLEY, CALIFORNIA the missionaries prove the friendliness of the churches that send them, Books and magazines, forwarded by arrangement with denominational headquarters, might help make the Church's prayers come true. The sky-pilots cover large areas and can touch each camp at only rare intervals. Thousands of camps still remain without a messenger of Christ, but the agencies of moral destruction surround them on every side, Clean and decent quarters in the Northwest cities are needed for the lumber-jacks between periods in the timber, with opportunities for reading, writing, recreation and rest without danger of robbery or moral temptation. The First Presbyterian church of Portland, Oregon, has such a center in its "Men's Resort." Other city churches might supply similar aid.

The denominational church boards are doing little or nothing, and the local churches not much more, for the large numbers of loggers in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New Hampshire and Maine. The Crossett Lumber Company in Arkansas supports a Y. M. C. A. at a cost of $7,000, and maintains a welfare department in the mill town costing $4:0,000 annually. The Long-Bell Lumber Company and others have made generous appropriations for welfare work. The Loyal Legion of Loggers and Lumbermen, popularly known as the" Four L," a cooperative organization which held the North Pacific timber industry steady during the 'VorId War, con-

tinnes its service to the mind and body of the timber workers, but in a limited area. Nineteen states report more than 4,000 workers, each, in this lumber industry, ranging from 4,701 in New Hampshire to 24,371 in Washington.

SOLDIERS AND SAILORS Several denominations are supplying chaplains for the Army and the Navy, and camp pastors. The Protestant Episcopal Church organized in 1844 the Seamen's Church Institute and is now operating 16 branches of it in the United States and the Philippine Islands. The largest institute is in New York City and ministers to thousands of seamen each week.

CONSTRUCTORS, MINERS, AND FISHERMEN Other migratory workers are fishermen on our sea coasts, lakes and rivers, and especially in Alaska during the salmon seasop.; miners, oil field workers, gangs of construction workers on highways, railroads, irrigation projects, and hydro-electric developments.

All of these are engaged in essential industries which are contributing to prosperity. Is it right that the workers should have to surrender all the privileges which may be enjoyed by the American home owner? Most important of all, shall they surrender the right to have the Gospel of Christ preached to them by word and deed 7 How shall they hear without a preacher~ And how shall wc preach except we be sent Y WILL THE CHURCH MEET ITs RESPONSIBILITY 1 America has become a nation on wheels. Shall leaders in the Church combat the menace which threatens to remove a large part of the population from all grooves 7 Shall we help to regulate the migration of workers in agriculture, industries, fisheries, timber and other seasonal occupations, through an enlargement of employment service for intCilrstate distribution of labor? The Church may also influence agriculturists to return to diversification of crops. In the emergency before the economic change is wrought, the Church may redeem for Christian citizenship the two million men, women and little children who migrate all year in the United States, looking for work. Shall the migratory workers be an asset or a menace to America 7 What will the Church do~"

* Acknowledgment is made, for assistance in preparing the above article, to Rev. Ralph S.

Adams. chairman Mfgra,nt Groups Committee, Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missjons; Dr. George McCutchen McBride, head of Geography Department,. University of California, Southern Branch; Mr. Ross Gast. Agricultural Department, Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce; McKinney Plan Company (arcbitects). Los AngeJes.

CITY OF BUDAPEST, HUNGARY, ON THE DANUBE

The Christian Message to the Jews An Account of the TVorld Conference at Bttdapest BY REV. SAMUEL 111. ZWEMER, D .D.

SOME yoars ago Rabbi .Joseph Krauskopf wrote a little book on the Genesis and Exodus of prejudice, in which he used these pathetic words: "Long have we hoped that the teachings of Jesus will at length convert the Christian. Long have we hoped that if Christians, professing enthusiastic admiration of the Sermon of the Mount, find it difficult to follow its principal teaching to do good to those that do ill, they will at least endeavor not to do ill to those that do no ill. And, for making such an appeal, no course is better than asking the Christian to consider the teachings of the Nazarene martyr, of Him whose life and deeds meant love and self-sacrifice, who, according to gospel story, died with words of forgiveness from His lips for those who put Him to death. Freely forgiving those who did Him wrong, how much more would He have abstained from wronging those who never did Him harm. And if He has consciousness of what is being done on earth, how great must His sorrow be to know that those who profess themselves followers of His, those who call themselves Christians, are full of prejudice against Jews, against the people who were His people, of whom He was born, among whom He lived and labored, whom He loved, for whom He suffered and died."

439

Today we witness in all lands, not only the passing of the ghetto, but, at least among Christian leaders, the earnest desire for the passing of prejudice and for ushering in a new day in which the Message of Christ's love shall be carried to the Jews in unmistakable terms of loving service. The ancient city of Budapest was wisely chosen for a world conference on the aspects of this present problem, and the Scottish Mission, which is carrying on a most successful work, were the hosts of the conference with gracious hospitality. The new "~n~ ;,:mc ~~t!''' situation throughout the entire BoldoD ujh811 G1uckliches NeuJahre l J ewish world since the war and the tendency to drift away from the synagogue towards modernism were compelling reasons for this gathering.

From some twenty countries a hundred workers among .Tews (men and women), came together, special papers by experts on vi- tally important aspects of the sub- ject having been distributed by post in advance. These papers in- cluded an analvsis of the tvpes of Jewish people ~nd their wo'rId dis- tribution; the present-day move- ments in Jewry, including the disintegration of traditional Ju- daism, the drift from the syna- ";""r~!O,)'I~"II'!~;.r"I)lOl'' I"~.','r~ ; fIJ'JJ~ .tr"nJ",~'ljClI>to~, .~"l;l'.":. gogue, the development of Jewish 11)" nationalism, and the Jews' search A JIDWISH NEW YEAR CARD FROM for spiritual satisfaction; the in- tensification of anti-semitism and BUDAPEST the use of literature in order to interpret Christianity to fifteen million Jews and to interpret Jewry to Christians.

Dr.•Tohn R. Mott presided as Chairman of the International Mis- sionary Conncil, and the Regent, President Horthy, cordially received a delegation from the conference. For six days (April 7 to 14) the delegates met in daily sessions and in special committees on the problems of evangelization and message, methods of work, literature, training and operation, Later in a plenary conference the care- fully considered findings on these subjects were revised. Elements in the new situation were shown to be that multitudes of younger Jews are greedily drinking in modern knowledge, scientific discovery, new political theories, and are questioning the arti- cles of their faith. This" drift from the synagogue" is a drift much more to atheism, agnosticism, and materialism than to Chris-

THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO THE JEWS

tianity. The reasonings of the rabbis are also evidences-like Dr. Klausner's "Life of Jesus"-of a renewed sympathetic approach to the personality of Jesus on the part of eminent Jewish leaders.

The presence of a considerable number of Hebrew Christiansmany of them converts from JUdaism-hailing from the Near East, Europe and America, brought first-hand knowledge of real value. On Sunday afternoon, the question was put to these delegates, "What did you find in Jesus Christ that you did not und and honestly can not be found in Judaism 1"

In response to this question, and in an atmosphere of natural and profound fellowship, one after another spoke-men who had come out of Orthodox Judaism and out of atheistic and revolutionary circles. The answers included such statements as these: "Christ is redemption from sin while Judaism can only condemn sin; He is the THE CONFERENCE OF CHRISTIAN MJSSIONS TO ,JEWS ASSEMBLED AT BUDAPEST. HUNGARY (APRIL 7 TO 14) reality of the Messiah of which Judaism gives simply the promise; He is a personal experience changing life and making man a coworker; the sender of a community beyond nation and race, whereas Judaism gives only the community of the one nation." One said: "I never knew God until I met Jesus Christ."

The intellectual difficulties advanced against Christianity by Jews were faced, and such conceptions that a Jew need lose his nationality in becoming a Christian were contradicted.

Sometimes the discussions became warm but the temperature, although it might lead to difference of opinion, did not lead to contradiction or disintegration. The hopes of Zion were expressed by a number of delegates. No one could help being impressed by the intellectual ability and special fervour of the Hebrew Christians who represented many lands. One was reminded of the Hebrew Christian national hymn of which one stanza translated into English reads as follows: "As long as there is a drop of blood in our veins, the heart does not stand still. And love burns within us to our sister 'Lo-Ruharna.' Our hope is not yet lost. The hope of the Prophets,

the seers of God. Our nation will yet seek the face of her Messiah and God."

The results of the committees on findings covered the whole of the fields outlined and will later appear in the report.

rrhe obligation, inherent in the Christian faith, to care for the bodies as well as for the souls of men, was affirmed as invariable and universal in its application. For this reason the reinforcement of the work of medical institutions, of homes, and community centers was advocated.

The cardinal problem of the recruiting, training, and welfare of workers was handled vigorously in the direction of seeking workers among the most promising fields of students, of raising the concep- tion of the work to a higher level, and of equipping not only with a biblical, theological and general education, but also a training in ,Jowish thought and faith.

The existence of the conference was itself a fine illustration and a convincing evidence of the need and the desire for wider and more fruitful cooperative effort. The conference turned to the Interna- tional Missionary Council, which in fact made the conference pos- sible, to make its findings known to the churches and agencies, as well as to devise permanent means for insuring continued consul- tation and sharing of knowledge and experience on common prob- lems in addition to research and joint activities.

The wonderful opened door for service, the magnitude and the • difficulty of the task, the limited forces available-all caused the conference to lay special emphasis upon avoiding all unnecessary duplication of effort and lack of concert in planning. This was shown to be especially necessary in Jerusalem and Palestine.

After recognizing the existing literature for Jews, of which some is ephemeral and some permanently valuable, the conference asked for a descriptive catalogue of existing literature. It then pressed for new literature for Orthodox, Reformed, Progressive and "Ma- terialistic" types of Jews, boys and girls and students, on many sub- jects, in book and pamphlet form, as well as literature to give Chris- tians a right conception of Jews and of their responsibilities to them. The impossibility of meeting these large demands with econ- omy and efficiency without cooperation led to the adoption of far- reaching proposals for literature and cooperation.

A forward-looking policy on the fundamental problem of Chris- tian education was finally put forward. The aim was outlined as that of providing the best possible secular education in a Christian atmosphere leading the young mind towards the person of Christ. In countries where anti-semitic influence makes the public schools almost intolerable to the Jew, this situation creates a special call to express Ohristian love in giving education. It was recognized that this involves a large demand for staff, buildings, equipment and cur-

'IHE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE '1'0 THE JEWS

riculum of a high quality. Liberty is essential for teaching the New Testament and Christian truths to Jewish children. Other emphases were laid on keeping in touch with boys and girls after leaving school by the use of clubs, classes and correspondence; the use of play eenters, educational and physical training classes, summer camps, va- cation Bible schools-all coupled with definite Christian teaching at which attendance is voluntary. The desire was expressed that all Christian movements among youth-the Student Christian Move- ment, the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., Boy Scouts, Girl Guides- should include Jewish youth in their activities. The great need for special work to meet the special conditions of the life of Jewish womanhood was emphasized in the findings of a special Committee on Women.

A survey of the whole Jewish world was demanded. The situa- tion created by the passing of the ghetto places a new obligation upon chnrches to work for Jews within their neighborhood. The presence of multitudes of Jews in many universities places a similar obligation upon the Student Christian Movement. The long record of injustice and ill usage of Jews was deplored and a call sounded to penitence for such violations of the spirit and teaching of Jesus Christ. The urgent and growing need for a special presentation of the Christian message to the Jews of the world was emphasized.

The conference was both stirred and sobered by the greatness of the need and opportunity presented in the world and by the scattered and inadequate forces available for meeting them. The fact that so many responsible leaders from such varied areas have met and have reached common findings on so many fundamental problems, is itself a new fact of untold promise for the future.

We were told that in Southeastern Europe there are great mass .movements of the Jews away from the synagogue and toward the Church. Some seventy thousand, in recent years, have embraced Christianity in Hungary, forty thousand in Poland and perhaps sixty thousand in other lands including America. The International Hebrew Christian Alliance of which Sir Leon Levison is chairman is doing much to bind together the Jews of all lands, who are finding ill Christ their ideal and their Saviour. The validity and vitality of our faith are involved in preaching Christ to Mohammedans and .Jews. Theism is not sufficient, one of the Hebrew Christians remarked, I knew nothing about God until I knew Jesus Christ. At such a conference faith was stirred to its depths and one could look forward to a brighter day: "When Israel shall know, whose heart their hardness broke, Whose side they pierced. whose wrath they did provoke, Whose dying love for them upon the Tree, Cried, 'It is finished,' and so set them free."

India's National Christian Council*

BY E. D. LUCAS, I,AHORE Principal of Forman Christian College T HIS National Ohristian Oouncil meets once every two years. Of the sixty members thirty are Indians and thirty are foreign missionaries. About one third of the delegates are women. The Chairman of the Council for a number of years has been the Rev. Dr. Westcott, the Bishop of Calcutta and Metropolitan of the Church of England in India. The Vice-Chairman is Dr. S. K. Datta, the General Secretary of the Y. M. O. A. of India, Burma and Oeylon. The delegates represented every branch of Christian work in India.

Among interesting problems discussed by the Oouncil Meeting were the following: The Transference of Responsibility from Missionary Organizations to Bodies Representing the Indigenous Church.-There are two main types for the transference of responsibility. One practised by the Anglican missions is that whereby their work has been merged in the general work and organization of the diocese of a bishop. The mission is merged entirely in the diocese in which it works and the diocese composed of both Indian and foreign members of the Church controls the work of the missionaries. In Protestant and Oongregational bodies the work has been put under the direction of joint Boards or committees composed generally of one half Indians representing the local churches and the other half missionaries. No methods in and by themselves have been found to give success. Very often the problem is really more a problem of evolution than of devolution, and as both experience and numbers increase there is an inevitable transference of responsibility and activity to the indigenous Church, but to expect a weak, scattered and illiterate' Church to undertake work heretofore done by highly organized missions is to expect the impossible. There was unanimity on the neces~ sity of securing a greater sense of responsibility on the part of the indigenous Church for the entire work of the evangeli'zation of India by every possible method, and the results that have been attained so far are by no means discouraging.

Another problem discussed was the relation of the Ohristian Ohurch to the question of Inter-communal Rivalry, which is now one of the most distressing facts in Indian life. Dr. Datta read a paper on the extent of this inter-communal rivalry and its causes. From the 24th August 1923 to the 22nd July 1926, 73 serious clashes between Hindus and Mohammedans in widely scattered areas took "This council, which includes both missionaries and Indian Christians from all Evangelical Christjan bodies in India, Burma and Ceylon, recently held its biennial meeting in Calcutta.

444 place in India. One of the interesting facts is that these clashes be- came progressively more numerous and more serious. The entire number killed runs into the hundreds and the wounded into the thou- sands. Dr. Datta traced the causes of this inter-communal rivalry back into the nature of the Mohammedan conquest, which reduced the majority of the population of India to a state of subjection, in which they adapted themselves to Mohammedan rule by a process of the more warlike maintaining virtual independence in the more inaccessible and semi-desert districts of Rajputana and the less warlike taking control of finance and commerce and of all forms of business, even to administering the revenue and finances of Government itself, and thirdly by a rigid social boycott of the Mohammedans. When the British came the Mohammedan was pushed out of the position of ruler and there was nothing left for him but to enter the Army or to find a very subordinate place wherever he could. The Hindus, although the British themselves were a commercial nation, quickly took advantage of their knowledge and skill of revenue administratibn of business and finance to fill all the important offices. With the establishment of a complete legal system the superior energy and business talent of the Hindus brought the land as well into their possession. With the coIning of the reforms the Mohammedan leaders have stirred up thein pwn people to a sense of grievance and injury, as they are really the "11ave nots" of India as against the Hindu "haves." Sir Fazl-i-Hussain, the Mohammedan leader in the Panjab, has been the most aggressive leader in this matter.

The National Christian Council has done great service in stimulating interest in Rural Edncation. The work at Moga and other places has been of revolutionary significance to rural education throughout India. As India is largely an agricultural country, and agriculture by far the most dominant industry, it is of untold value to India to receive stimulus in the training of village youth.

It was reported that the Rockefeller Foundation has furnished money for an Industrial Sut'vey of India and that an expert in the subject will reach India this summer to spend two years in a thorough investigation of the industrial conditions in India. There will be an Indian man and woman associated in this study. This is with a view to educating public opinion and also to reveal what actual service Christian bodies can render in industrial centres.

The Council through its officers has done much to aid in educating public opinion on Moral Questions. The Secretary of the Council made a very thorough study of opium in India, and as a result the Government of India has decided to stop all export of opium by the year 1935. In the meantime a steadily lessening amount is being shipped. Public opinion has also been stimulated and educated in the matter of the" Age of Consent," betting and gambling and the

censorship of cinema films, and other important matters affecting the morals of countless people.

It was decided to advise the establishment of a Christian school for the study of Islamic languages and culture at Lahore. Various missionary bodies and the Indian Christian Church are prepared to cooperate in this matter, and it is hoped before many years to have a school at Lahore somewhat along the lines of one already established at Cairo.

The Council, with great regret, accepted the resignation of Rev. "Villiam Paton, M.A., as one of the Secretaries of the National Christian Council in view of his having been urged to accept the post of Secretary of the National Missionary Council with head-quarters at London. Dr. Nicol Macnicol, a great missionary scholar, who has spent many years at Poona, was elected to succeed Mr. Paton.

This year will see the return to India of the major German missions, such as the Basel Mission, the Gassner Lutheran Mission, and certain other German societies, which have in the past done great work in different parts of India. At the close of the War no one could have imagined that these missions would be permitted to return short of a generation and the fact that within less than a decade they are to be reestablished with the hearty cooperation of both the Indian Church in these areas, and of other missionary bodies, British and American, is largely due to the wise guidallC.e and activity of the National Ohristian Oouncil. The hope of the Christian Movement in India is along the lines of greater cooperation and unity amongst all Christian bodies. And here the National Christian Oouncilleads the way.

A Conference in lVladagascar BY RE,V. M. A. HELLcAND, S.T.M., MANASOA, MADAGASCAR Lutheran Board of Missions T HE evangelical missions working in Madagascar held their third Intermissionary Oonference in Tananarive from August 23-30, 1926. The first conference was held in 1913; the second shortly after the Centenary Festival in 1920. At both of the former conferences there were delegates from Europe representing the mission boards but at the third conference no such delegates were present. Two friends from Europe, voted honorary members of the conference, were Miss Owen, traveling for the British and Foreign Bible Society, and Rev. F. Bjrk, a pastor and young people's leader from Sweden.

All evangelical missions* working in the island were represented • The represented were: The London M'issionary SOciety (the oldest in the island), the Society 101' the Pl'op,agation of the Gospel. thQ Norwegian Mission Society. the Friends' Foreign Missionary AssooiatIon, the Norwegian Lutheran Church in Amedea, the Lutheran Board of Missions. and the Paris Missionary Society (Mission Protestante FraD<;aise). At the opening session the officers of the conference were approved as elected by the Interm.issionary Committee; natne]y: Rev. Fr. Bjertnes (N. M. S.) president; M. Ie pasteur Prunet (M. P. F.) vice-president; Rev. W. EVAns (L. M. 8.) general secreta.ry. Two native delegates were millute secretaries:.

1927J A cONF'ERENCE IN MADAGASCAR

at the conference, both by missionaries, and by native delegates, for the first time. Three native delegates were allowed for each mission. The Intermissionary Committee has for some time included one native member from each mission.

The proceedings were conducted in Malagasy. The president reminded the delegates of the fruits of the Gospel in Madagascar, as shown by the fact that delegates from tribes that formerly made incessant war upon each other were now sitting together making plans for the advancement of God's Kingdom. "We are the' light' in this land. Let Christ be mirrored in us."

The various subjects for discussion were. each introduced by a member of the conference designated by the Intermissionary Committee some time in advance. Of the subjects discussed, five con- THE CONFERENCE OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS AT TANANARIVE, 1926 Seated in tbe middle of the group-loft to rjght- are Rov. Bjertn€s, Norwegian M. S. President. Rev. 'V. Evans (London M. S.) Secretary of conference, Mr. Sims, (Friend's MJss'ion), p.resident of luter-mission committee, M. te pasteur Prunet (French Mission l, Vice-president of conference.

cerned school work, including Sunday-schools; two were questions concerning evangelical propaganda and home visitation; one concerned alcoholism; one the Croix Blanche, a society for the promotion of clean morals; and, finally, one question on the problem of the metis.

One result, in school matters, was the decision to appoint a school commission with an executive secretary spending a certain part of his time in this intermissionary work Such a commission is to consider the pUblication of textbooks, give information and counsel, and in general to represent the school werk of the evangelical missions before the authorities in the capital. Such cooperation will be much appreciated, especially by missionaries employed in educational work.

The question of Catholic propaganda was considered at length but the delegates of the S. P. G. announced their inability to take part in this discussion. The Roman Catholics let the evangelicals break the soil and do the pioneering work, after which they begin their propaganda.

On Saturday a mass meeting was held in Ambatonakanga church, built in memory of the Malagasy martyrs. Miss Owen gave a very interesting account of some of her travels in the interest of the Bible Society, and the Rev. Bjrk from Sweden spoke on Genesis 37 : 16: ' 'I am seeking my brethren."

The Intermission~ry Committee and the Intermissionary Conference work, along the lines laid down by the International Missionary Council, are in Madagascar the organ of all intermissionary work. Thus each individual station is connected with the world movement for the spread of the Gospel among all peoples. Our hope and our prayer is that God's Kingdom may come and His will may be done al~o in this far away island.

THE WORD OF GOD AS A MISSIONARY M AN is sometimes bound, "But the Word of God is not bound"; the restrictions and restraints which limit and fetter men do not touch the Book. The lapse of time and stretch of space do not affect it. It knows no depth, disease or decay; utters no unwise word, takes no wrong step, forms no indiscreet alliances, and lowers itself by no political entanglements or worldly compromises.

This Missionary is never weak or weary, needs no rest, and is unaffected by climate, diet, or local surroundings. Ever the same in the fullness of its vitality and efficiency, it accommodates itself to every new environment, equally adapted to all varieties of human temperament.

A stranger alike to external hardship or internal disquiet, this Mes. senger of God never halts in obedience, hesitates in aim, or stumbles in action. It speaks as powerfully to the ignorant as to the educated, the poor as the rich, the low-born as the high-born; is not intimidated by threats, dismayed by persecution, or destroyed by violence.

It is alike unmoved by the skeptic's scoffs, the worldling's indifference, and the bigot's intolerance. It claims to have in it, as His Living Book, God's vital power, and to be Life-imparting, so that men are born from above through it as God's "Seed." (Acts 7: 38; Hebrews 4:12; I Peter 1:23; James 1:21.) These claims, the history of Missions puts to the test, and proves God's Book to be His chosen channel whereby His Spirit pours life into human souls. Hence, even where living men have not yet borne their witness, His Word has often won its triumphs. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Progress of Churches In

for 1926* BY H. K CARROLL, LL.D.

(Compiler of the First Complete Offieial Census of Religions in the United States) T AST year's reports from the churches indicate net gains in com- L municants of 489,556, which means that all losses from death, withdrawal and exclusion have first been filled with new members, and nearly half a million increase the strength of the various religious bodies.

The net figures by denominational families, however, show a downward tendency. The churches, almost without exception, have been pruning their membership rolls by eliminating large numbers of absentees and of the inactive. The Roman Catholic Church is not included among those losing by this process, because it has no lists of communicants and constituents, such as the Protestants keep, nor does it grant letters of dismissal to the migratory. Its lessened growth may be attributed to lessened immigration and to failure of dioceses to report regularly their population. All the churches are aroused over their losses and will doubtless take measures to reduce them.

Among the separate denominations, the Roman Catholic stands first with 16,193,171 and the Methodist Episcopal second with, 4,545,- 866, then come the Southern Baptist with 3,707,523, the National Baptist (Col.) with 3,310,969, the Methodist Episcopal, South, with :3,538,311, the Presbyterian U. S. A., with 1,868,055 and the Disciples of Christ, with 1,436,575. The Northern Baptist has 1,374,688, the Protestant Episcopal, 1,173,679 and the Congregationalist, 918,029.

The number of ministers for 1926 is 216,167, indicating a loss of 647. The number of churches in 1926 was 236,131, an increase of 181. In the previous year there was a decrease of 828, a remarkable difference.

Six bodies, aggregating more than 6,000,000, make no report for 1926, and several of them make no attempt to gather statistics every year. Many denominations leave it to the United States Census Office to ascertain and publish their statistics decennially.

The annual gains of all the denominations for the last seven years, from 1920 to 1926 inclusive, are as follows: 1920, 754,654; in 1921, 1,013,296; in 1922, 784,292; in 1923, 690,992; in 1924, 621,630; in 1925, 984,846; in 1926, 489,556. Thus the gain in communicant members last year was the smallest in seven years.

*From The Christian Heralil~ Ne,w Ynrk City.

449 4

SUMMARY 0]' DENOMINATIONAL GAL.."IS AND LOSES Denominations Summary in 1926 Gains for 1926 Miniflters Churches Communicants Min. Chs. Com.

Adventists (5 bodies) ……….•• 1,570 3,019 1'50,891 d16 8 1,799 Assemblies of God ………….. 1,270 1,074 62,042 115 165 11,656 Baptists (14 bodies) ………… 52,584 62,103 8,670,895 dl,332 d390 66,022 Brethren (Dunkard) (4 bodies) 3,333 1,309 156,76S dOll1 d5 6,60S Brethren (Plymouth) (6 bodies) (c) 4.58 14,244 Brethren (River) (3 bodies) …. 166 89 4,877 2 d142 Buddhist Japanese Temples (c) … 34 12 5,639 Catholic Apostolic (2 bodies) (c) )3 13 2,768 Catholics (Greek (9 bodies) …… 681 675 751,880 30 25 22,250 Catholics (Roman) (3 bodies) …. 24,712 17,494 Hl,303,471 Christadelphians ……………. 218 el7 147,257 Christian Church ……………. 1,0'17 79 4,061 Christian Union …………….. 390 1,0.16 114,136 1 73 Church of Christ Scientist 4,576 320 18,200' d33 d36 d2,333 2,288 4 2 400 71)2 376 Churches of God & SaintS' of Christ 10.1 94 3,311 4 527 (Colored) …………….. . 4.52 488 29,011 92G 666 21,076 Church of God (Winebrenner) Churches of God, General Assembly 155 200 6,000 5 1,000 Churches of Living God (Colored) ] 03 93 0,552 3 d2 23 (2 bodies) ….. '……….. . 2,501 1,548 New Jerusalem Churches Sweden· 63,823 ,1411.) 62 4,0-56 13 borgiau (2 bodies) ……… .. ),784 Church of the Nazarene ……… . Communistic Societies (2 bodies) ..

Congregationalists …………. . ;',5110 5,'636 (f)918,029 16,369 Disciples of Christ (2 bodies) … . 9,378 14,582 1,754,512 216 297 r14,887 1,9'77 2,143 208,171 ENangelical Church …………. . 67 5,179 4H Evangelistic Associations (15 1,167 207 13,933 ,119 8 27,047 bodies) (c) …………… . 1,324 332,667 29 25 d76 Evan~elical Synod of N. America 1,369 35 6,225 694 115,452' Free Ohristian Zion (Colored) … . 721 1,091 357,135 Friends (4 bodies) ………… .. ]O,4{)3 1,683 036,389 533 59 18,522 Jewish Congregations (c) ……. . 238 42,152 10,795 15,549 2,fi88;279 241 Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) (2 626 43 2 500 bodies) ………………. . 477 43,258 23 4,671 1,.524 d60 d743 48,098 Lutheran (20 bodies) ……….. . 44,508 1,018 90,310 d100 10 1,315 62,559 8,968,288 Scandinavian Evangelical (3 bodies) 157 1 51 2,038 119 172 29,119 8 Mennonites (12 bodies) ……… . 718 106 6,281 ,11 008 Methodists (15 bodies) …….. . 418 Moravians (2 bodies) ………. . 28 14,400 4 r188 48,730 Non·sectarian Bible Faith Churches 282 33 926 Pilgrim Holiness …………… . 14,438 192 22 cl2 8,768 Holiness …………………. . 5,793 15,504 5,353 Pentecostal Holiness ……….. . 2,421. 7,831 2,610,71'6 31 9 6,0-37 Presbyterians (9 bodies) …….. . 2,724 1,173,679 Protestant Episcopal ……….. . 70 )49 136 3,2'73 Reformed (3 bodies) ……….. . 4,014 68 547,024 910 Reformed Episcopal …………. . 1,655 8,622 15 6 53 Salvation Army ……………. . 52'5 American Rescue Workers …… . 7 165 77,689 ) dl Sehwenkfelders ……………•. 6 7,858 Social Brethren ……………. . 21 1,589 6 r172 689 Spiritualists ……………… . 600 22 1,800 Temple Society ……………. . 690 6 d1 dl,325 Unitarians ……….'………. . 2 75,000 United Brethren (2 bodies) ….. '.. 482 2 260 d109 cl47 2,297 Universalists ………………. . 2,225 368 Independent Congregations …… . 466 3,558 58,713 267 604 410,631 879 49,794 48,673 Grand Total in 1926 .. , . . . . . . 216,167 2'36,131 47,550,902 d647 181 489,556 Grand Total in 1925 ……… 216,814 2:35,950' 47,0-61,346 3,702 r182'8 984,846 (b) No late returns. (c) Census, 1916. (d) Decrfllase. (£) Estimate.

METHODS

ii HOW TO AND NOT HOW NOT TO By MRS. CLAYTON D. EU1.ET'l'E, OHICAGO, ILLINOIS Chairman of the Civic Committee of the Woman's American BaptIst Home and Foreign Missilm Roeieties How to do what ~ How to present any other religious or philanthropic Foreign Missions to the local church. project there is a direct or indirect The growth and strength of the mis- benefit to the individual, his family, his community, his city or his country. sionary enterprise are increasingly de- At such times as occasionally occur pendent upon the presentation of when the element of catastrophe or missions in the local church. Shakes- emergency enters into the foreign mispeare solemnly asserted that "good sionary 'appeal, this difficulty is partly digestion waits on appetite and health overcome, for it lies in human nature on both." Certainly missionary in- to rise to unselfish and heroic effort terest waits on information, and ade- nnder the urge of an emergency. But quate missionary support on both. If snch effort is not long sustained. this indeed be true, then perhaps we have a clue to the diminishing receipts However, it is not only natural self- of many missionary societies. Perhaps L"hness and indifference to what seems the cause is not now being presented of no personal concern that make the in a sufficiently definite and arresting task difficult. A further element of manner. A catalog of the different difficulty lies in the arguments. against methods being used might not seem foreign missionary work loudly prof- to justify this conclusion. Their name fered by American tourists who have is legion. It is not our purpose, here, visited the lands where such work is to attempt to add to this sum total of hl'.ing carried on. It matters not that definite methods. We may accomplish they have given to it at most only a more by considering the question de casual, superficial inspection, and novo, and outlining some things which sometimes have not even taken the would facilitate and make of more time to visit missions at all. The lasting effect the presentation of mis- vociferous insistence of their criticism sions in the local church. We are con- is usually in inverse ratio to their real sidering at once a science, governed acquaintance with the work; but of by definite rules which we may dis- this their auditors are unaware. Is cover, and a business, which demands there not a quaint justice in this chalconstant attention and assiduous pro- lenge, made when one of these decriers motion if it is to succeed. curtly refuses to contribute to the This is a task which is most diffi- offering because he does not believe in cult, important, and far-reaching in Foreign Missions: "Take some money, its effects. It is difficult because the then; it is for the heathen'''! There foreign missionary cause has no ap- would be no foreign missionary work parent bearing upon the life of the if it waited upon such people to iniindividual-he does not seem to share tiate and support it. But how would in or to benefit by the results. And they themselves have been given the in this old self-remembering world gospel message if their own viewpoint that fact is often quite enough to keep had been shared by early Christians? interest at the zero point. In almost Fortunately for them, it was not.

451

The task we are considering is im- (1) Determination to reach the en- portant, for it concerns the completion tire local church; to seek to make the of obedience and the fulfilment of the Christian Mission enterprise a church obligations entered into by us when affair, receiving official consideration we accepted salvation for ourselves. of the groups directing church action The basic, inescapable function of and policies, instead of being the con- the Christian Church, that for which cern of a limited number of people.

it was established, and that for which One successful method for accom- it has been preserved through the long plishing this is through the establish- ages, is the missionary function. ment of a Board of Missions, coor- Many Christians are willing to sup- dinate with the other official boards port missionary work which is close at of the church, with its membership hand; but unless the Gospel is carried elected or appointed by the church in "into all the world" there is not en- the same manner as the other boards.

tire obedience to Christ's command. This Board of Missions recommends a Foreign missionary work is the final missionary budget to the church for flowering of Christian love and friend- its adoption, promotes measures for ship; necessity for it is implicit in meeting this budget and makes its re- Christianity itself. ports directly to the church. It also Our task is far-reaching-not be- makes plans for stimulating mission- cause of th~ distance involved, but in ary interest on the part of the mem- a causal sense. It is far-reaching in bers of the church, and for furnishing its effects upon the lives of those en- information concerning missions. The listed; in its results in the lives of day of haphazard missionary presen- those reached with the gospel mes- tation should be over. The aim should sage; in knitting together the fabric be to develop interrelated plans of of the nations; in weaving into this presentation with essential unity in fabric world friendship, world peace, spite of necessary diversity of method.

world standards of action and (2) Adaptation to the manner of thought; in bringing in the Kingdom life, motives and power of response of of God, with all that that term eon- the group to bc reached. Presentanotes. tions which in a city church prove powerful and compelling, fail utterly The Five "Ps"

Let us eonsider successively Pur- in a rural ehurch, and vice versa. pose, Personnel, Principles, Problems The type of church to be reaehed is and Plans. of vital importance in determining the I. The Purpose is to lead Chris- method to be used. Similarly, the tians to know about, believe in, advo- type of individual in the group is a eate, support and pray for Christian determining element. 'l'here should missions in foreign lands. be careful adaptation to diversity of II. The Personnel to whom pre- training and temperament. How lacksentation is to be made is found in a ing in discrimination it is for instance, cross-section of the local church: to base the foreign missionary appeal (a) The pastor, in most cases the leader solely upon obedience to the Great in the religious thinking of his flock. Commission, in a group whose mem- bers cannot think in terms of abstract (b) The laymen-interested bnt otherwise absorbed.

(c) The women, saintly and otherwise. obligation. Their interest may be in- (d) The yonng people, popularly known stantly won, however, by simple tales as up and coming but sadly enough in many of eager response to the Gospel on the cases up and goiJng out from the church's part of natives, and by intimate active life.

(e) The ehidren, sometimes the terror of glimpses of resulting changed lives. the preseut, albeit the hope of the future. Like Paul, we should be ready to em- III. The Principles which should ploy all means that we might by all govern presentation are, broadly means win some.

speaking, three: . (3) Recognition that persistent and

1927J BEST METHODS

pertinent publicity is absolutely essen- seminaries, more especially lately, tial. there have been established courses in Missioml. But in many there is still (a) A publicity which presents the Gospel no intensive study of the motives, as the basis of Foreign Missions. methods and results of Missions. The young minister does not therefore (b) A publicity which gives salient mis· have missions woven into the fabric sionary facts in simple form. One wise en· of his religious life-the promotion of thusiast (a specialist in business publicity) Missions does not appear as an essenprepared and placed in strategic positions tial part of his ministerial task. placards, each containing a simple question, When it is brought to his attention with the statement that the answer would later it seems something superimposed be posted in a certain place. Curiosity was aroused, interest awakened and the answers and is consequently often reluctantly were sought. and inadequately incorporated into his church program. A pastor, who (c) A publicity which avoids unnecessary is now outstanding for his missionary use of technical terms. We smile at the interest, has frankly said that college story of the boy who thought a furlough and seminary produced no missionary was an ox cart because he saw a picture of impression upon him and he entered a missionary getting into such a vehicle and the gospel ministry with his only read underneath the words, "Starting home memory of missionary influence that on his furlough." But a lack of under· of a "Farther Lights Society" for standing of many oft·used terms is not un· girls, conducted by a woman of the usual, and is a real handicap in developing church. A visit to the orphanage of missionary interest. the Church Missionary Society in Nazareth, where nearly a hundred ( d) A publicity which quite naturally orphaned children of Arab parentage takes church members into its confidence were being fed, clothed and taught in regarding foreign missionary problems and the name of Jesus Christ, he calls his situations. "exposure" to actual missionary work, and he credits this visit with his (e) A pUblicity which interprets news· paper reports of foreign events, and is alert, conversion to Foreign Missions. But where necessary, to counteract the effect of few of our pastors are able to take such reports. trips to far lands in the early years of their ministry and thus secure the The Six Problems missionary impulse which might have come to them during their years of IV. The Problems to be recognized preparation. They are not to blame and solved are many. There seems to that this situation exists, but we are be at least one problem for each group not free from blame if we do not do of the Personnel to be reached and, in all in our power to change it. addition, some others thrown in for good measure. (b) The Laymen's Problem. The laymen in our churches depend (1) The Pastoral Problem. How largely upon the pastors for their can we expect the Pastor to be mis- understanding of religion and what sionarily inclined and to welcome a it involves. Without missionary presprogram for foreign missionary pres- entation from the pulpit, therefore, entation unless Missions has appeared there is no adequate participation as a basic, fundamental part of his from the pew. Even personal appeal~ official preparation for the ministry? to laymen for contributions result in Yet how many of our theological sem- failure, for the laymen reply that they inaries offer distinctive courses in will consult their pastors, and pastors Jfissions for which the student is ex- who have no missionary vision do not pected to register just as naturally readily permit what they consider and inevitably as he registers for "outside causes" to receive contribu- Homiletics or Old Testament Prophecy 1 In some cases, I have been told, there are courses in Missions and Church History, with emphasis upon Church History. (The combination offers a resemblance to the cans of what the market calls pork and beans -a partnership in which pork is often characterized by its infrequent and irregular participation.) In some

tions which might just as well be re- of their standards. 'l'here should tained for current expenses. A fur- never, however, be omitted or mini- ther problem is that for the average mized that which alone is the motive laymen too often Missions has as- and the power of Missions-the Gos· sumed a feminine aspect. Tolerant pel of Jesus Christ.

and smiling, he thinks of his wife as (e) The Children's Problem. Child- "over at the missionary meeting" hood has not stood still in its language and does not know that Missions is a and in its ideals. The same need for man's job, challenging and deserving adaptatkm and for comprehensible all that he· has of time, devotion and appeal exists here also. This need is resources. clearly recognized and met by some (c) The Woman's Problem. Wom- of the specialists engaged in mission- en, while not in reality the pioneers ary education for children, with the in missionary work, have had more result that where their plans are leisure for the study of Missions and adopted and followed the interest of they are as a rule farther along in the children is enlisted to a remark- missionary thinking than the other able degree. One boy wrote a note to groups in the church. The problem himself and placed it in a conspicuous here is simply to call this fact to their position lest he should inadvertently attention and ask their assistance in forget to attend the" missionary meet- making Missions as real to tlle rest ing," so fascinating had it beeome, of the church. as it is to them. Their and so linked with the dominant in- patience and tact and ingenuity can terests of his life.

then be depended upon to assist in co- A man past sixty years of age re- ordinating the entire missionary pro- lated recently that as a child l!e gram of the church. eagerly gave the contents of his bank (d) The Young People's Problem. to help a missionary from India buy An article in a recent number of one an elephant to be used in evangelistic of our outstanding magazines written touring through the jungle. The lad by one who has had years of teaching never forgot the thrill of part ownerand observation in a large state uni- ship of an elephant in the jungle, and versity, has for its title" Wanted-A as he grew to manhood he never lost Substitute for Righteousness." The the missionary interest thus aroused.

trend of the article is not what one (f) An Additional Problem. A might fear from that subject, but is problem which is very real in many rather an exposition of the fact that foreign missionary societies arises young people do not think in the from the fact that the secretarial force terms employed by the present gen- is reduced in number below the point eration of adults. While they may of efficiency because of a budget based be led to choose the things or the acts upon inadequate receipts. We have which we term righteous, they will here the time-honored" vicious circle"

not choose tllese things because they –our people do not give more gen- are "righteous" but rather because erously, we are told, because they do they can be shown to con.form to what not receive more definite, concrete in- are the young people's own highest formation; they do not receive more standards, differently expressed. If definite, concrete information because the missionary enterprise is to appeal they do not give more generously.

to present-day young people and to That is, their gifts do not make pos- win them for active adherents, it must sible the employment of those who can be presented to them in phraseology devote their time to making foreign which they understand, and not in missionary work vivid, vital and real.

terms of a day that is past. It must I have been told that the Protestant be voiced by those who are in their denominations have an immediate confidence and in sympathetic touch local ehurch building program of with the shifting names and nature $500,000,000. How unthinkably small,

BEST METHODS

in comparison, scrm our most ambi- t.hen welcome suggestions and plans tious dreams for the support of For- for putting Missions into the lay eign lIissions. A corps of officers less thinking of the church, and will willoverworked and with more time for ingly make room in their sen'ices, conf!tructive yet simple, concrete pres- from time to time, for missionary entation of needs and facts would presentations. They will also give have opportunity to bring about a :issions a new and more worthy place foreign missionary program which jn their preaching. Among the means would be a more worthy complement for' accomplishing these results are; to this splendid church building project. (a) Pastors' conferences, addressed by missionaries and mission executives. Plans for Each Problem (b) The personal influence of pastors who V. Plans. There should be at themselves recognize the essential missonary least one plan for each problem. Some (. haracter of the Gospel. of these, however, need not be amplified as they suggest themselves in the (c) Especially prepared literature which very contemplation of the problem. makes clear the urgency, the importance and the inspiring results of the missionary enter· '(1) Let us take steps to encourage prise. Pastors have often been won to an ollr seminaries to establish chairs of intelligent interest in Missions through mis· missions, and to elect to those chairs sionary incidents and illustrations supplied men or wom.en who are educational to them as material for sermons. experts and recognized as authoritieR in missionary subjects. Our pastors (2) Let us put upon the foreign will then go into the ministry equip- missionary enterprise the masculine ped with belief in the supreme im- stamp in addition to the feminine one portance of and knowledge about the which it has so long horne. Let us missionary enterprise. (It might be more frequently ask laymen to talk possihle, where this is necessary, to as- missions to each other and to the sist the seminary in financing this whole church. Not long ago a man of addition to its faculty and curricu- great wealth who had built up and lum. Certainly later results from a become the president of the largest missionary ministry would more than husiness of its kind in the world, was repay the effort, and douhtless givers invited to occupy the pulpit of a could he found who would he appealed large city church on Sunday morning. to hy the permanent and increasing Among other things, he said, "The value of such a measure.) Might it man who says 'what happens in China even be possible to go a step further is not my funeral' is digging his own and request that elective courses in grave, and it will be a grave for his -:Tissions, with credits, of course, he soul as well as for his body." It offered by colleges, surely by Chris- would he impm;;sihle to estimate the tian colleges, and possibly even hy yalue to Foreign Missions of such a tho~e under private control? statement from a man of his known achievements, or the influence which While such measures will greatly it doubtless exerted upon the business benefit the missionarv cause in the fu- men and the amhitious young men of ture, we recognize that our problem that audience. is a present one. Why may we not, therefore, pending the strengthening Let us encourage our laymen to of the seminary's missionary influ- think for themselves in the matter of ence. endeavor to estahlish a vital giving, and to realize that the thoughtmissionary contact with our pastors, less or indiscriminate giver is not the ('specially with those who do not yet generous one but the lazy one. It is recognize the rightful place of mis- true that "the Lord loveth a cheerful sionary emphasis in the business of giver." but He has wider use in His being a religious leader? They will kingdom for the intelligent, conscien- tious giver, the one who accompanie~ bis gift with his interest and his prayers. Therefore let us link foreign missionary appeals and presentations

to the interests which the individual upon the workers, and limitations are is known to have. continually hedging in a work, the (3) In some denominations work- glory of which, if it were allowed to expand, no man might predict and ing under what is known as a coop- only the omnipotence of God might erative program, the plan obtains of' determine. Certainly a cooperative allotting to Foreign Missions a certain movement ought seriously to concern definite percentage of undesignated itself with and seek earnestly to discontributions. In some cases this per- cover and to remove the causes of centage was not based upon a desire actual detriment to the work carried to allocate for foreign mission work on by some of the organizations enthat proportion of receipts which gaged in it. Whether the detriment would seem fair and just after a study is the result ()f or merely exists simulof all denominational responsibilities. taneously with the program of coop- It was based rather upon the as- erat.ion is not material and does not sembling of the budgets of various or- affect the principle of united responganizations for a given year or years, sibility for the good of all. No party and thus may be said to be more or to a unified movement can suffer as less accidental. As a result, the :B'oreign Missions is in many instances amount spent for foreign missionary now suffering, without serious reacwork appears to bear no definite rela- tion upon such unified movement, and tion to the number and the need of without injury to the entire. missionthe group served. It would therefore ary enterprise. seem reasonable and desirable that a careful, comprehensive and impartial It has always been true that emstudy should be made of this question, phasis upon Foreign Missions does not with a view to ascertaining and recom- lessen or det.ract from interest in mending an equitabie basis of support other types of work carried on for Foreign Missions. through united eff()rt. An outstand: ing Home Mission executive has many (4) There is another important con- times said that "Foreign Missions is sideration which has direct bearing the tide that lifts all the ships in the upon the presentation of the foreign harbor. " The right ki;nd of a coopmissionary enterprise. In some de- erative program-and who desires any nominations where what has been re- but the right kind ?-has nothing to ferred to as a cooperative program is fear from an adequate emphasis upon in force, this cooperative program Foreign Missions; the cause of Christ seems engaged in displaying what the and the spiritual welfare of our French would call "the defects of its churches have much to gain thereby. qualities. " Now the excellent qualities of cooperation are many and ob- At the meeting of the Federation ()f vious. But if a cooperative movement Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions does not bring about or at least con- held in Atlantic City during January, tribute largely to the growth and suc- this truth was emphasized: "Only as cess of the organizations uniting in it, new tides of spiritual life begin to it defeats the very purpose of coop- flow within the Church can the waiteration, which is mutual benefit and ing tasks be accomplished." Let us aid in performing all the tasks of all. not forget also t.hat in the Providence It is an all too evident fact that the of God only as the waiting tasks are cause of Foreign Missions is not bene- undertaken and accomplished' will fiting by increased support and re- new tides of spiritual life begin to flow within the Church. The foreign sources. In fact, it cannot even be missionary tasks are waiting to be said to be holding its own. The story undertaken in that complete consecrais told in steadily mounting deficits, tion and fulness of devotion which in continued retrenchment and suc- Christ asks of those who would follow cessive reductions in expenditure. in His train.

Restrictions must constantly be placed

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. McLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK BUILD A WALL OF FAITH AND tinue steadfast in their purpose LOVE AROUND THE CHURCH to make Christ known as the IN CHINA sure hope of China's national Days of unprecedented spiritual, life. mental, and physical turmoll in China 6. That throughout the Christian constitute a challenge to all sincere and intelligent followers of Christ Church in America and Europe throughout the world. there may arise a determination We urge Christian people to be con- to make the principles of Jesus tinally in prayer for this great nation Christ operative in every avenue in the hour of its intellectual and through which we of the West political awakening. Let us all pray: touch this great nation. 7. That to men and women every- 1. That the Missionaries may maintain where may come a vision of a courage .and a radia~t faith in Christian China where the Spirit the eternal values and ultimate of God shall be triumphant. success of their work, and that And above all let us all pray a they may be led to reflect in special prayer of: counsel and deed the true motive and purpose of their presence in 1. 1'hanlcsgimi..g-for the spiritual awaken- China. which is taking place among the Chi· nese. 2. That the Chinese Christian leaders thrust into the midst of unex- 2. Confidenco—-that the Spirit of God is able to make righteousness and love suo preme.

pected and heavy responsibilities FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF may be girt about by the strength NORTH AMERICA.

and wisdom of God, and may be FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF enabled to live as Jesus would, FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH and thus contribute to the up- AMERICA.

building of their new nation the GINLING COLLEGE, CHINA essential and vital elements of the Christian faith. "The Nanking incident" bas 3. That the Christian Church, though brought that ancient Chinese city and tried as by fire, may be greatly its many Christian institutions into strengthened and enabled to en- the headlines of the newspapers of the dure faithfully through all hard- world and into the serious thinking ships without faltering in the of governments and or mission supreme task of the interpreta- authorities. What actually happened Hon of Christ in an relationships on March 24, and who was responsible of life. for attack.., on foreigners-mission- 4. That government officials of West- aries, business men and government ern nations may exhibit true repl'esentative&-is not yet fully friendship for China, and sincere understood, and therefore judgment sympathy for the Chinese in must be delayed.

their best aspirations. The news from China, so perplex- 5. That Christians in the United ing and disturbing, if thoughtfully States and Canada may have a studied, shows great historical events sympathetic appreciation of the shaping before our eyes. China, the difficulties facing this great ancient and vast, "has struck her people, and that they may con- tents and is on the march. " Whither, 45,7

no man knoweth, but there is hope as whole city can be seen, and outside the well as danger in times of change. city wall in the far distance the It is a time to pray. • Yangtze River. Purple Mountain Revolutions-not only a political makes the view glorious, gold in the revolution, a declaration of independ- morning, purple at night.

ence against foreign domination, but Three academic buildings form a social and industrial revolution, quadrangle open to the east, facing revolution in science and educatioT.l Purple Mountain: a recitation buildand in literature-are in progres~. ing, a science hall, and a central build- And besides a revolution a civil war to ing which has in it a temporary unify a nation that has long showed chapel, the gymnasium, a formal guest a preference,for "states rights. " hall, a music studio, and small rooms Neighbors and friends may wish to for use by student organizations.

help. Sojourners and guests may feel Four dormitories provide a home for abused by having to withdraw for a the faculty and s.tudents.

time, but China will have to decide The buildings of the college are in her own destiny. Among those present in Nanking on Chinese style, carried out consistently in exterior decoration in columns, the day of "the incident" were the faculty and students of the Woman '8 cornices and roofs, and in a detail of windows, with a restrained use of Christian College-Ginling-for which many in America have worked and color. The seven buildings now in use prayed since before its opening in are part of a larger group of four- 1915. iE:ight mission Boards, Smith teen planned for 400 students. The College, the China Medical Board, money for the buildings was raised in and the Young Women '8 Christian As- a campaign for O'riental colleges carsociation provide more than two thirds ried on between ]920 and 1923. The of the expenses, fees from the students present buildings with land and amounting to nearly one third. Gin- equipment haWl cost approximately ling is incorporated under the Re- $435,000 Gold. gents of the State of New York, thus having the right to grant the B.A. Because of disturbed conditions atdegree to her graduates. tending revolution, the opening of schools has been a problem in many parts of China, but the new term at Iu September 1923 the college Ginling opened February 17, with all moved to its new campus with 100 the students back, except those whose students enrolled. The total enroll- home~ were in distant provinces. As ment in September, 1926, was 152, the day of battle drew near, seven representing twelve provinces, eleven Rtudents were called home by fearful denominations and all ranks of parents. They left reluctantly, but society. obeyed, as many missionaries have left The faculty of thirty has ten with reluctance in obedience to con- Chinese, two English and eighteen :mls and bishops who felt responsible Americans holding degrees from Bryn for the lives of their charges.

:Mawr, Chicago, Columbia, Clark, A student wrote shortly hefore the Drury, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Southern army entered Nanking: Mount Holyoke, Oberlin, Smith, Wel- "Last Saturday evening the stu- lesley, Western, Wisconsin, and Ox- dents were going to have a lantern ford, England. procession, but on account of the un- The college has a campus of forty settled conditions outside, they post- acres lying between Drum Tower, and poned it indefinitely. In its stead we the west wall of the city in a region had a large party in the gymnasium.

of rolling hills, some of which are There were grand marching, folk wooded, and pleasant valleys, ofl'ering dancing, class sing-iug and games.

all the attractions o£open country. Everybody seemed to have enjoyed it From the hill-top on the west the much…… .

19~iJ WO:IAN '8 l"ORElGN ~il188ION BUL'LET I N

•. Ch ina is very mu~h upset; it is hlwe the goodwill of all the ~outh trne there are strikes, anti-British llmerican people. Bishop Oldham, in hc:eling~, anti-Christian feelings, but charge of Methodist work in South these must be as passing side lines along with the main force. At the America, says of this great effort: same time thero is a great body of "In my life-long missionary serv- Chinese Christians and non-Christians in China today, working very ice I have seen nothing more comprehard according to the principles of hensive, more statesmanlike, more ,JeSlIs to bring a better understanding and more lasting peace between all opportune than this united effort on the nations of the earth. .:IIy brother. the part of Christian Churches of thc '1'. Z. Koo, is going to America on United States to equip in a worthy March 12th to represent China. manner these institutions in South Alnerica. ' , "Your prayer is greatly needed One of the main endeavors under ,,,ill now, because we do not kilOW what the head of "specialists in health" happen to us next. But we put is to provide nurses who can develop ourselves in the hands of our Heavenly health centers and dispensaries in the Father, and trust Him, so we mig];t needy places. Perhaps this is one of have peace in our hearts." the greatest opportunities of the en- EDUCATIONAL ADVANCE IN SOUTH tire effort. AMERICA '1'he Women's Cooperating Com- The Campaign for $2,590,000 for mittee, of which ~lrs. :Ioses Charles Educational Advance in South Uigel, a graduate of Santiago Col- America reported on .!fay ] 8t that lege, Chile, is Chairman, held a it had rea(lhed the $615,000 mark. This luncheon in November at the Hotel campaign is a cooperativc effort of Commodore, New York, at which t he United Christian .:Ilissionary Society, the Presbyterian Board of nearly a thousand women and many Foreign ~Iissions, the .:I[ethodist Epis- men were present. Many prominent copal Board and Woman's Foreign South Americans were in attendance, Missionary Society, the Committee on including Hon. Vincente Ramitez, Cooperation in Latin America. and Minister from Paraguay; Sr. Ale- .:IIaekenzie College for an "inter- .iandre Bolini, Consul General of continental program of Christian edu- Argentina; Sr. Pablo Pacheco, Concation, social and health instruction" sul General of Paraguay; and Dr. in twelve strat('gic centers in South Erasmo Braga, author and educator. America. This program is in response Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt presided to South America's request for North at t11e speaker's table, and Dr. Mary American cooperation. The money E. ''{oolley, president of ~rount Holwill be used "to strengthen ten out- ~'oke CAlllcge was one of the speakers. standing schools and three seminaries, to provide specialists in health, social $43.000 was subscribed on this ocservice, religious education and litera- casion. ture, and to assist in the work among the needy millions of Indians." Thp Meetings have been held in several leaders of South America, both in the cities of the middle west, and during Evangelical Church and outside, have the spring women's luncheons in asked our assistance in this task, and Pennsylvania cities have won the inthe institutions which have been terest and enthusiasm or large groups. selected for cooperative development The Camp~ign is not only getting the necessary funds for the Educa- tional Advance in South America, bnt is one more experience in fellowship with sister denominations, and one more effort to promote better under- standing between the United States and our South American neighbors.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 E. 22ND STREET, NEW YORK COMITY 4. Differences in ecclesiastical pro- From a report of the Committee of the cedure complicate the situation. For Home Missions Council and C()uncil of Women example, different denominations ilfor HOome Missions, H. N. Morse, Chairman. lustrate differing degrees 0:1' control (a) by minor judieatories over local This subject involves the :l'ollowing churches, (b) by superior judicatories questions: over minor judicatories, (c) by mis- sionary organizations over local situ- 1. Under what circumstances shall com· ations, (d) by national societies over petition and over·churching he held to ex· their local or regional representatives. ist? There are different methods of han- dling funds and controlling their ex- 2. What are the minimum essentials of a penditure with divided control in local church program which should be reo many instances. garded as constituting adequate occupancy of a neld and on the basis of which a par- 5. Particular situations are compliticular church should be accorded exclusive cated by a great variety of factors; responsibility' for illustration, property investments 3. What principles of procedure are now feasible for boards to enable them, at the earliest possible date, to remove home mis' sion aid as a factor in over·churching and competition'

Many complications and confusions or endowments, theological differare involved in this question of comity ences, questions of denominational because of different factors inherent prestige and 0:1' traditional attachin home mission work. The following ments and loyalties, meager ideals of points might be cited: church work and of Christian li:l'e and responsibility prevalent in many com- 1. The various Protestant denomi- munities. nations have, apparently, no common opinion as to urgency 0:1' comity or as 6. Home mission aid is only one to their responsibility :l'or it. Neither factor in the comity problem. Se1£- is there agreement as to what consti- supporting churches are equally imtutes comity as distinguished from portant.

unjustifiable competition. 7. While competition and rivalry 2. Each major type of community are not wholly absent :l'rom any of the or of population served presents a major fields of mission work, in most different aspect of the question, re- of the exceptional areas there is somB quiring some differentiation both in sort of machinery or procedu.re for standards and in proeedure. dealipg with it, as there is, also, in 3. In actual adjustments, there are most major cities and in some states.

at least five distinct "focal" points There is, however, a wide variation to be considered: the local constitu- apparent in ideals, in methods and in ency, the minor church judicatory, effectiveness. It seems fair to state the regional or areal officials charged that the Town and Country field ap- with responsibility :l'or the extension pears to present the most complicated and oversight of denominational and difficult situation.

work, the superior judicatory and the 8. Finally, no one agency seems to national missionary societies. Each have a clear track in attempting to of these presents a different problem. deal with the question.

Further, the lack 0:1' any common ec- These points are cited to make clear clesiastical unit, geographically speak- that it will be no light task to rid our ing, increases the difficulty 0:1' obtain- Protestant mission work of overing effective action :l'or any consider- lapping and competition. The fur- able area. ther one proceeds in this study the 460 more vital does it seem that we should should be asked to undertake the re- immediately move out of the realm of sponsibility of maintaining at least academic discussion and scattered ex- the minimum standard of service and perimentation and grapple with this equipment in that community.

problem in a serious and thorough- The following alternative methods going way. of adjustment are generally recog- Comity Principles Applicable to Eng- nized as applicable under these cir- lish-Speaking Work in the Town and Country Field cumstances : The unconditional withdrawal of o'ne de· nomination in favor of the other, or 1. A field sh,all be iI'egarded as ade- The withdrawal of one denomination in quately occupied when, for each 1,000 favor of the other on the basis of a recippopulation, homogeneous as to lan- rocal exchange (i. e., favoring the with· drawing denomination in another commu- guage and color and reasonably ac- nity), or cessible from a given point, there is The withdrawal of both in favor of a present one church meeting at least the following minimum standard of third not now present, or The formation of a federated or commu· nity church.

service and equipment: 5. No new enterprise should be initiated with missionary support in Resident pastor devoting full time to contravention of the above principles. work of the ministry, Public worship every Sabbath, Sunday·school meeting regularly, 6. Mission aid for building pur- Edifice reasonably adequate to needs of poses should not be given a competing the community for worship, religious train- church as above defined. ing and service, provided that where a ehUl'ch has or is proposed to have the ex· 7. In the expenditure of missionary elusive occupancy of a field it will receive money in the Town and Country field in Christian fellowship all varieties of the following objects should be re- Evangelical Christians without subjecting garded as of primary importance: them to doctrinal or other tests which do not accord with the standards of their reo (a) As a first ,responsibility, to spective faiths. build up the highest type of service 2. Conversely, a coiIdition of over- standard for each church which now churching and competition shall be has or which is proposed to have the held to exist where the number of exclusive responsibility for a field. churches in the community exceeds the above ratio, if at least one church (b) To strengthen particularly for demonstration purposes, churches per] ,000 people maintains this mini- which face situations of unusual difmum standard of service and equip- ficulty or unusual strategic impor- ment. tance.

3. Where, within the terms of this (c) Adequately to occupy now un- definition, an aided church is main- occupied communities and to serve tained in competition with a self- now unreached populations.

supporting church (i. e., a church 8. Where the work of a given which draws its current support ex- church is to be discontinued, the clusively from the given community), policy should be definitely to dissolve the latter, if it meets the minimum its organization and unite its member- standard shall be regarded as entitled . ship with other existing churches.

to the field and the grant in aid to the 9. As a step on the way to complete competing church should be annually cooperation, competition is held to be decreased looking to the complete ces- particularly unjustifiable if between sation of aid at the end of three years. churches belonging to the same one of the following recognized groups. 4. Where no one of the churches in an over-churched community is se1£- (1) Liturgical churches supporting as above defined, the de- (2) Churches practicing the baptism of be· nominations- concerned should confer lievers only at once to determine what church (3) Churches of' other denominations.

10. Each mission board or agency Southern CaUfornw (Los Angeles)-July is urged immediately to undertake a 7-12-Mrs. Chas. D. Hill, 1488 W. 27th St., study of its aided churches to deter- Los Angeles, Calif. mine where competition as above defined exists. W'ilson College, Chambersburg, Pennsyl- vania-June 29-July 6-Mary C. Peacock, CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF Torresdale, Pa.

MISSIONS Winona Lake, Indwna-July 25-August 1 -Mrs. Henry Harmeling, 24 ~,ast 1D'7t" St., AfB.liated with Chicago, Ill.

Conncil of Women for Home Missions Home Missions Institute DATES AND CHAIRMEN FOR 1927 C'Alndueted by Council of Women for Home Missions Bethesda, Ohio-July 11-15-Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, W. Chautauqua, New York-August 14-19- Va. Mrs..John l<'erguson, 156 5th Ave., N. Y. Ave., N. Y. Boulder, Colorado – June 15-2:4 – Mrs. Frank 1. Smith, 515 E. 11th Ave., Denver, RELIGIOUS PRIVILEGES FOR THE Colo. BLIND Dallas, Texas – October 3-7 – Mrs. Merwin A. Stone, 48()7 Swiss Ave., Dallas, It has been found that the American Texas. Bible Society, in providing the Bible in both Authorized and American Dallas, Texas (Negro)-October 3-7- Standard Revised Versions in 30 Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., Dallas, volumes, has made the largest contri- Texas. bution of any Protestant Evangelical society. DeLand, Florida-January 31-February 5 (February 1-7) '-Mrs. Dora Smith, 135 Next are contributions of the Bast New York Ave., DeLand, Fla. Seventh Day Adventists, 19 titles; Protestant Episcopal Church, 7 titles; Houston, Texas-First week in October- McConkey l"und, 4 titles; and single Mrs. Chas. Fred Jewett, 406 SuI Ross Ave., books by other societies not specifical- Houston, Texas. ly connected with any denomination.

Illinois-Missouri (Greenville" IlI.J-June The total titles, aside from Scrip- 20-24-Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., tures, of religious books published by Webster Groves, Mo. evangelical bodies or interests, so far ascertained, is 20, and 5 other titles Lake Geneva, Wisconsi1V-.Tune 27-July 4 have been announced as contemplated. -Mrs. Henry Harmeling, 24 East 107th St., Chicago. Ill. Roman Catholic publications num- ber 9 titles and 38 contemplated; Mills College, Oakland, Californw-June Theosophists, 3 titles and 22 contem- 22-29-Mrs. Paul Raymond, 90 Santa plated; Christian Scientists, 4 titles; Monica Way, San Francisco, Calif. Jews, 1 title.

Minn&ota (MinneapoU..-St. Paul)-June The need for a further and con- 2·0-24–lMrs. F. F. Lindsay, ,2:5 Seymour tinuous supply of healthy inspira- Ave., S. E., Minneapolis, Minn. tional or informational religious books from the Protestant evangelical point 'Mt. Hermon, Californw-July 6-13-Mrs. of view is emphasized by all ac- C. W. Brinstad, 2929 Lincoln Way, San quainted with facts, as well as by Francisco, Calif. facts themselves.

'Mountain Lake Park, Maryland–Jnly The amount of religious literature 26-Angust I-Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720 made freely available for the blind by Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. other sources is increasing. The duty of Protestant evangelical churches is New Orleans, Louiswna-November 8-12 clear. Mrs. John S. Kendall, 1427 Broadway, New Orleans, La.

Northfield, East Northfield, Massaahusetts -July 5-ll-Mrs. Charles E. Blake, 7 Angell Court, Providence, R. I.

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-……….- Mrs. Joseph Deupree, 1609 West 19th St., Oklahoma City, Okla.

St. PlltBrsDurg, F!orida.–February 6-11- Mrs. George W. Cooper, 250 Fifth Ave., N., St. Petersburg, Fla.

FROM MANY

AFRICA earnestly pray that this movement may teach and exalt Christ rather Tribute to the Nile Mission Press than merlieval superstitions and tradi- tions. " I N JANUARY last, the number of different pUblications issued by Books tor Sahara Oases this great agency for taking Chris- tian truth to Moslems had passed the AT THE last annual meeting of the 600 mark. The following letter from Nile Mission Press, Rev. Francis an educated Moslem convert bears Brading reminded his hearers that testimony to the value of its work: the Sahara Desert contains thousand" of oases, some of them very large, One For a long time Christian missionaries in southern Algeria has a population have worked without fruit, and many are of 22,000. He continued: not' aware of the real cause of their past failure. Experience has taught me the "The thing that struck me on mak- reason: Their 'work in the past was r('- ing inquiries was thiR, that about stricted to preaching and teaching, and seventy-five per cent of the men and consequently their work was done locally boys in these oases can read literal'," among non-Christians, only to be heard and Arabic, whereas right along the coast forgotten again, They recently have suc- not ten per cent of them can read, ceeded by means of the books of the Nile M is- The reason is, I think, that in the sian Press. You can hardly meet with a oases they have plenty of time for preacher, teacher, or a COlpol·teur or Bible- study. There are also schools, to which woman who has not some of the N. M, P. they are willing to go to learn to read. pUblications in his pocket. Moslems who So you have a wonderful possibility have not yet adopted Christianity have for disseminating Christian literature started to realize the virtues of this religion, here. They have nothing else to read. and the soundness of its principles. The Koran is an expensive book, and you do not find many copies in an Sunday~S"hools in Coptic Church oasis. But give them Christian litera- ture, and they will read it. So I do REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROW- feel that the Nile Mission Press has BRIDGE reports of the Sunday- done wisely in coming on the scene in school movement in the Orthodox the Barbary States, because there it Coptic Church in Egypt: "It is not has a field which is almost unparalofficially connected with the World's leled. " Sunday school Association, but our secretaries have a friendly part in Growth of Cameroon Schools these efforts. Eight thousand copies of weekly lesson helps are issued and the President of the Council is Father Butros Abd-el-Malak. Lesson picture rolls through our office have been pro- vided for the Cairo and Khartum LESS than a generation ago, miscathedral schools. There are now sionaries in West Africa of the thirty-five schools and a staff of over one hundred teachers, The Bible is Presbyterian Church, says George directly used in teaching, the pupils Schwab, "were paying fathers to al- low their boys to come to the Mission are encouraged to study it in their to learn to read and write. Today homes, and the class work is not un- those boys, instead of being the wild, like that in the Protestant schools. painted, brass-ornamented, unlettered The Secretary is Habib Effendi, Prin- people their fathers were, are the clean, quiet, and at least partially cipal of the Clerical College. Let us 463

educated teachers in the more than as he was, into a deep grave, the seven hundred village schools of the coffin being dropped on to his living Mission. In these schools along with body, and the grave filled in. Today the eleven station day and boarding in this same district there are conschools for boys, and the ten schools nected with the C. M. S. Mission a for girls, there are now enrolled 30,- hundred churches in different stages 299 pupils. Besides which there are of progress, all of them places in which eighteen students in the theological the Gospel of Christ is being preached. school, more than one hundred ap- Pastors and catechists and schoolprentices in the industrial and agri- masters all are housed and provided cultural, school and forty teachers-to- for by the people themselves. Anbe in the normal schooL" other district of ninety churches has also been taken out of the original Open Door to African Dwarfs district, and is now self-supporting and developing rapidly. MRS. E. G. HARRIS writes from Yaounde, in the Cameroun, West Tests for Zulu Christians Africa: "We spent a Sunday at our farthest inland evangelistic point-a THE Anglican bishop in Zululand beautiful spot, with a nice little bark writes of the people in his diocese: church which serves as a school dur- "The children are delightful little ing the week,' and has about 200 chil- folk, and come gladly to school and dren enrolled. At daylight, we were church. And the Zulus are a fine race, awakened by the great drum which with dignity, forbearance, patience, resounded for miles through the and many virtues. The old superstiforest, telling the people that the Sab- tions and bad traditions in sexual bath Day had arrived, and that every- matters cause us some trouble; they one must cease his labors and come to cannot be driven out in one generaworship. Before the hour of service tion. But when Europeans ask what had arrived the crowd commenced sort of Christians they make, we point coming, for, of course, it was a great out these five evidences: they know occasion, because white folks were how to pray, and pray well; they present. A little company of the know how to worship, and value their dwarf people came in to see us. They religion; they give well for the suplive far back in the forest, and are port of those who minister to them, very hard to reach on account of their and to the funds of the Church, and timidity. One of their number is give labor in building their churches; Christian, and he wants to come here they set to work to win others' to to the station and learn something of Christ in various ways; they know . soul-winning, so that he can go back how to submit to discipline." to his people and win them. Another open door to service." THE NEAR EAST "A New Creation" on the Niger A Turk Seeks the Secret THE Church Missionary Society AN AMERICAN Board missionary calls attention to the transforma- in Syria writes of a Turkish shoption which has taken place in the keeper in a small town near Alex- Owerri district of the Niger Diocese, andretta who has been reading the West Africa, in the last quarter of a New Testament. Recently he said: century. Then it was the general "I did not imagine that 'there were custom at the funeral of any im- such deep truths in Christianity or portant man to capture a slave. In that such wonderful events were told the cours.e of the burial rites a lux- of in the New Testament. What wonurious meal was laid before the derful power Jesus has!" captive; immediately afterwards, he was bound hand and foot and thrown, The missionary continues: We hope that this young man may be· come a leaven among the Turks here. One

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of the things that has influenced him most ing the good wishes of the American is the change seen in the lives of one or two Bible Society, is now the property of young men, since their cOllversion. This every professor in this the only Mochange is to him a mystery. "How is it hammedan school of higher religious that such a great change can take place in one's life ~ I know all their old words, instruction in Turkey.

deeds and actions, but now they have be· come entirely different men. Is the secret of this in you, or is it in Protestantism~" My The Bible House in Jerusalem answer was that the secret is not in men, T HE ceremony of laying the but in the New T'estament in his hand, in cornerstone of this building is thus its truths and in the Jesus whom it de· described by Eva.ngelicaJ Christenscribes. dom: "The High Commissioner for Turkish Translation of Koran Palestine laid the stone and the dedi- T HOUGH Mohammedan religious cation service was conducted by Dr. authorities have always declared MacInnes, Bishop in Jerusalem. the translation of the Koran to be Bishops of the Greek, Armenian, sacrilege, the Turkish Government has Coptic and Syrian Churches were within the last three years lifted its present, as well as the Abbot of the ban on the pUblication of ,such a Abyssinian Church. The missionaries translation. Accordingly, despite ec- working in Palestine flocked to the clesiastical out-cries, three transla- service, which will he long rememtions of the Koran into Turkish have bered by all who attended. Jerusalem been put on the market. It. is reliably -apart from its sacred associations– stated that some 14,000 copies of these still stands as a strategic center for Turkish Korans have been sold. Some Bible work. There peoples of many Christian missionaries are finding the races meet. We cannot ten what may translated Koran an ally. Turks who be in store for the Christian Church heard the sounding Arabic of the in Jerusalem. It may one day become Koran without understanding any- the mother of many churches still unthing imagined it to be charged with dreamed of by even the boldest mistremendous and mystic meanings. sionary dreamer. One thing is cer- But in translation most of the ascribed tain : a.s long as the Bible is the grandeur disappears. It is sometimes center and source of Christian teachsufficient to place a Koran and a ing God will bless the work of the Testament in the hands of a reader Jerusalem Church."

and leave him to draw his own con- A Group ot Persian Converts clusions.

Bibles for Moslem Theologues REV. R. C. HUTCHISON, Ph.D., writes from the boys' school in T HROUGH a friend on the staff of Teheran, Persia: "'The school is hav- the (Mohammedan) theological ing tbe greatest year of its history, faculty of the University of Stam- and the Christian work is making bouI, the agent of the American Bible amazing progress. I am at present Society was given the opportunity of most interested in a group of thirteen furnishing Bibles in useful languages new converts, who are studying with for the students' reference library. me. All are upper-classmen, all are Not only was the gift welcomed, but men of real leadership, most are from the suggestion came back that the excellent and powerful families.

members of the teaching staff would Their high intelligence, deep devotion be glad each to possess a copy of the and spiritual insight, their earnest Turkish Bible. Such a request com- and effective prayers, the sacrifices ing from a quarter which one is accus- which they are making, their in- tomed to regard as the home of reli- grained gentleness and irrepressible gious pride and exclusiveness was fun and humor are all a constant most encouraging. A nicely bound revelation to me. When the Persians Bible in Turkish or Arabic, each bear- know the Christ, I believe they will S

show us a new type of Christian dis- cently sent this message to Chinese cipleship. " students working in vacation Bible schools: Women's Hospital in Bahrain Tell them we love them, and our love travels through the midst of distance and DR. PAUL HARRISON, author of time, travels unchecked towards them with "The Arab at Home," reports all the fire and fervor of good will. Tell from Bahrain, Arabia, as follows, them we mark their progress with loving after what he says have been two bad interest and shall do the same for manv a pearling seasons, which have resulted coming year. Tell them only this, and nothin bitter and increasing poverty: ing more-that India sends her love to them.

"Numbers h:we been turned away from the hospital, not because they Railway but No Gospel F were unable to pay a fee, but because OLLOWING the liberation of slaves and the opening of a comthey would have nothing to eat during their proposed stay of perhaps modious hospital in Nepal has come two weeks. Due to this extreme pov- the inauguration of the first passen- erty affecting all classes except the ger railway in the country. This took very rich, the work of the year has place with great pomp and ceremonial been very light. The outstanding on February 16th. The line has been event of the year was the completion .constructed from Raxaul, on the of 'the new hospital for women and border of British India, to Amlekh- children. " What this splendid build- ganj, twenty-four miles distant. .The ing means to the women has been Indian ·Witness comments: shown, says Neglected Arabia, "by We regret that the enlightened men who the increased numbers at the clinics are now at the helm of State in Nepal have and by the genuine joy they mani- not yet seen fit to open their country freely fested on the opening day. They have to ministers of the Gospel of Christ. . . . at last a place of privacy, where they The Church in India could not desire a more need not draw their veils closely every challenging foreign missionary task than to carry the Gospel into this most exclusive time they hear a step or turn a kingdom as Boon as the way is opened.

corner, as they did when the women's quarters were in the men's hospitaL" High-Castes Buy Bibles INDIA AND SIAM T HE Bombay Auxiliary of the Bible Society quotes in its latest Vacation Bible Schools in India report the following incident told by T HOUGH the Daily Vacation Bi- a missionary who is responsible for ble School movement is well estab- the management of a Bible depot in lished in China, it is within a com- his town: "This Bible depot has been paratively short time that it has taken the means of opening up work among hold in India. The world association the high-caste people as no other which directs this interdenomina- agency has. We have sold a large tional movement, working through number of English Bibles and gospels the national Christian couneils and to high-caste Hindus. Early one church federations in many countries, morning a Hindu gentleman came to quotes as follows a recent letter from the depot and asked the evangelist, India: " Our work is progressing 'Who is this Jesus who is mentioned slowly but surely and this vacation we in the tract you gave me yesterday V I hope to arrange for no fewer than 1()() have read and reread the tract four schools in South India all managed times and I could not sleep last night.

by college students. It is a new fea- Do you have any books telling more ture of rural service for which we are about Jesus l' The evangelist gladly enlisting volunteers." told him concerning the New Testa- There is a kinship between students ment, and the high-caste Hindu teaching in these schools wherever gentleman agreed to purchase one for they are located. Indian students re- eight annas. But he could not take

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

it from the hand of the evangelist for spirit with which they responUed to fear of breaking his caste. So the New the call was to me most beautifuL Testament was placed on the floor of May we from our abundance give as the shop and the Hindu took it away joyously to our Lord as these from with great joy." their little."

Waning Influence of Gandhi A Moslem Invites Christians GANDHI is a spent force, women MISS PHEBE EMERY, a Method- are taking a significant place in ist missionary who does evangelpolitics, and sentiment is growing istic work in many villages outside of against strong drink, are features of Budaun, United Provinces, writes of the survey of India in the 90th an- an interesting experience: "In one nual report of the Presbyterian Board village we were invited by a wealthy of Foreign Missions, presented to the Mohammedan to bring our Christians General ABsembly in San Francisco, and hold the meeting in his dooryard. May 26th-June 1st. On the first of Thinking that he did not understand these three points the report states: just what was involved in a Christian service, and that he might object espe- Politically, Mr. Gandhi seems to be a cially to the prayers, I hesitated at spent force. Nevertheless, no man in this first about accepting the invitation, generation has made such an impression on explaining as tactfully as I could that India, and the' verdict of the future will we wished to hold a full Christian probably sustain the impression of the service for the benefit of these bepresent. In his doctrine of non·resistance lievers, and that he, as a good Moand patient 'snffering he has reminded many hammedan, might take exception to a Hindu and Moslem of Jesus Christ. Hav- some of the things we said. He asing been himself so profoundly influenced sured me, however, that he was ready by the life and teachings of Jesus, it is not not only to listen, but also to take part strange that the Indian press has recently as far as possible in the service, so we raised the question, "Is he a Christian in accepted his invitation and soon were disguise' '" This seems to have been due seated under a large tree in his courtprimarily to the fact that Mr. Gandhi has, yard with an audience of about fifty at the request of his students, been teaching Mohammedan men seated around us. the Bible in Gujrat National College. I have never had a more respectful or reverent audience, even among Chris- Tithers in the Punjab tians, and our host himself set the ex- ample by bowing his head as we did T HE "New World Movement" when we prayed. He accepted a Bible which the United Presbyterian portion from me very gratefully and Church has been stressing here in the invited us to hold our services in his homeland means much in India, too. house each time that we came to that From Madhapur in the Punjab comes village. " this report: "Recently the superintendent of our district presented the India Hears from Tuskegee claims of the New World Movement to the district workers at their DR. ROBERT MOTON, principal monthly meeting and stressed the giv- of Tuskegee Institute, who has ing of the tithe. Each one of the recently returned from a world tour, workers pledged the tenth of his in- visited the Madura Mission of the come to the Lord's work. Then the American Board while he was in Inpurpose of the Church in the Punjab dia. The missionaries report that his to raise 100,000 rupees for special visit served two important ends, in work was presented and each one that he not only showed the Indian pledged one month's salary. To those people what the well-educated Ameriwho have an abundance this may can Negro is like, but he gave support seem an easy thing to do, but these. to the idea that literary education in men only receive from six to ten dollars per month and most of them have a wife and children as well as themselves to clothe and feed. The joyous

India should be supplemented by in Siam. These presbyteries are of- trade and business training. This is ficially attached to New York Synod.

a thing which educators are trying to The action of the Presbyterian Board impress upon Indian students, and will doubtless result in the organiza- Dr. Moton emphasized the connection tion within a short time of the new between hand and brain, which Tus- church. It will start with approxi- kegee has always stressed. The Con- mately 50 organized congregations, gregationalist quotes: 150 native groups not yet organized as When the question-period came, the Hindu churches, and 9,000 communicants.

and Christian men who were listening to Dr. Moton put their consciousness of their OHINA AND TIBET own problems under a ruling race of different color together with their slight knowl- Statu. of Y. M. O. A. Property edge of the Negro in America, and bombarded him with questions. He was quite A TOTAL of approximately $2,315,- equal to them. Typical queries were as fol- 000 has been invested through lows: "Do the Negroes have to study in the American and Canadian National English, or may they use their vernaeu- Councils of the Y. J!I. C. A. in Aslars f" " Are Negroes allowed in high gOY· sociation properties in China. Titles ernment positions ~" "Is there a Negro to nearly all these properties, which press ~" "Does every student at Tnskegee are mainly buildings, are held by the learn a trade1" "Do you have trouble with Chinese Y. 11. C. A. They are thereinterracial marriage'" fore not open to confiscation on the Siamese King Visits Missions ground of being foreign-owned or con- HIS Majesty, Prajatipok of Siam trolled. The properties in which made in February his first visit American and Canadian funds have to the northern part of his kingdom. been invested comprise seventeen At that time he presented honors to buildings, one conference property, three missionaries of the Presbyterian three schools, and over thirty resi- Church in the U. S. A., Dr. James W. dences for housing secretaries. The McKean, Rev. William Harris, and total amount is exclusive of $410,789 Dr. E. C. Cort. In addition, the king invested by the American Y. M. C. A. showed his appreciation of the mis- in three Navy Associations at Shangsionary work conducted by the Pres- hai, Hankow, and Chefoo, and the byterian Church in Siam by donating Legation Y. M. C. A. at Peking, to the mission about $2,250 to be ap- operated for men of the U. S. Marine propriated as the mission desired. On Corps.

the occasion of the king's visit to the leper asylum at Chiengmai, Dr. Mc- Selling Bibles to Bandits O Kean suggested as the chief, present NE of the colporteurs employed by Otto Braskamp, of the Amerineed a good road between the asylum and the city. Dr. McKean was later can Presbyterian Mission in Ichowfu, informed by the king that next year's Shantung Province, met in his. recent road budget will include the" metal- travels eight different bands of rob- ling" of the five miles of road to the bers. One of the band leaders asked island on which the leper asylum is him, "What is your business ~ " He situated. replied, "I am working for Jesus, Independent SiaJ11elle Ohurch spreading His Gospel. I tell people good news of great joy and the way T HE Board of Foreign Missions of to happiness." The bandit spoke up the Presbyterian Church in the and said, "Well, what do you think U. S. A. has approved the organiza- I am doing and what business am I tion of a proposed independent Pres- engaged in?" The colporteur replied, byterian church in Siam, where it be- "I cannot guess." He replied, "I am gan its work in 1840. This proposal a true robber. We kill the rich in has been approved also by the Siam order to help the poor." This motto, Mission and by the two presbyteries with the following ones, were written

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

on their red flags with white charac- very great thing to persuade any girl ters. "Practice righteousness as a or woman to accept a Bible. Now substitute for God." "Dark and they are willing to go without a new gloomy world, blue sky." These dress or other things to wear at the bandits inquire from the poor peasant Chinese New Year in order to save farmers where the rich people live enough money to buy a Bible. Their and how much property and money families do not want them to have a they possess and then kidnap them. Bible and often will not give them the Practically all the well-to-do people money. I wish you could step into our have left their homes and property classrooms today, and see the girls and live in walled cities. and women with red, green or some kind of newspaper-covered Bibles in Good News from Yenching their hands. After school, before they A CABLEGRAM received in New go home, they usually wrap up their York the middle of April from Bibles carefully in their handker- President J. Leighton Stuart of chiefs, so they will not be spoiled Yenching University, Peking, said during the walk home."

that there was not much cause for anxiety concerning conditions at the Bible for Buddhist Lama R University, although the wives and EV. EARL A. HOOSE, of the American Bible Society in Peking, children of ~ome of the foreign members of the staff had left for Korea as describes a call which he made, in a measure of precaution. Dr. Stuart company with Dr. D. V. Smith, on the stated that within the University both Panchan Lama, whom he calls. "the the Chinese and foreign teachers. and Living Buddha, " and "the civil head the students were working together of Buddhism." The missionaries harmoniously, the disturbances serv- were kindly received by the Lama, to ing to draw the whole university com- whom they presented a Bible. Mr.

munity closer together. Academic Hoose writes of this: "I trust he will affairs and building operations were read the book the Society presented proceeding as usual, according to Dr. him, and I shall await with interest Stuart, and there was no apparent the doctor's report of any questions reason why these should be discon- about the text. But we, at least, have tinued. The Chinese generally were done the deed. The Living Buddha acting in a friendly manner to the has received with his own hands a University and the situation presented copy of the sacred Scriptures, and a splendid opportunity for the prac- whether he reads much of it or not, tice of international fellowship and I myself saw him open the book, and of Christian principles. The Chinese believe he will do it again, and that advisers of the University regarded he will read for himself the story of any danger as unlikely except in an the Saviour of all men."

interval when a change of government might be taking place, which was not On the Roof of the World T likely to occur in the near future, ac- HESE words are chosen to de- scribe its location by the Kokonor cording to the cablegram.

Women Prize Their Bibles Gospel Mission, which is at work in Tangar, Kansu Province, a trade T HIS significant testimony to the center on the main caravan route to value of "the world's best seller" Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. V. G.

comes from Christiana Tsai, a Chinese Plymire writes: "In Tangar we have Bible woman in the Kiangnan )Iis- been reaching Tibetans from all parts sion of the Presbyterian Church in of the' country with the gospel mes- the U. S. A.: "Ten years ago when sage. Weare the last missionaries on the Lord called me to do Bible this great caravan route–there are woman's work, it was considered a no others between here and the wes-

tern border of this great elevated ognized Christian workers as far land……. Several years ago General superior to those of any other religion. Ma-a Mohammedan-sent his troops At a conference of leaders of the to fight the Tibetans and he has suc- various religions he reported the receeded in getting them pretty well sult of a religious survey, in which it under his control in this section of was found that Buddhism had about the country. This has opened the 48,000,000 adherents, Shintoism 17,- northern portion of this long closed 000,000, while Christianity had only land to the missionary. vVe now about 210,000. He concluded by saytravel far into this secti'on with a de- ing: gree of safety-a thing we could not do in former years. We now have AccoTding to this survey, however, Chrisfriends among the chiefs and head- tianity shows superior influence and men of different tribes a number of strength. If you, (addressing himself t.o days' journey from Tangar. the Buddhist leaders present) do not sen- ously consider this matter, then in fifty or one hundred Years Buddhism will lose its place and inflt;ence in the nation.

Korean Exiles in Manchuria ISS E. :'II. P ALETHROPE, of A Soldier Seeks "A Bible Life" M the' United Church of Canada R Mission in Manchuria, reports: EV. L. C. :M. SMYTHE, of the Southern Presbyterian Mission "Wherever one travels in the Lunch- in Xagoya, .Japan, writes as follows ingtsun District, one may see pathetic of a young Japanese soldier: " He little groups trudging along through is a native of Nagoya and a workman the valleys and over the mountain in a factory here. I met him a couple passes. They are immigrants to this of years or so ago at a preaching hall. Manchuria land of promise, those_ He came to my house a few times whom impossible economic conditions and to church once or twice but after are driving from their native Korea. that drifted out of my life and I …… One cannot but feel that there forgot all about him. Last spring I is a great opportunity here for the received a long letter from him from Christian w{)rker. A little kindness a military barracks in Korea where and help now, when these people are he is going through his period of arriving so destitute in the strange military service. He was sick in the new land, would do more to impress hospital and heard somebody reading them favorably with Christianity than a book aloud. On listening closely many years of work under ordinary he realized it was the Bible. He had conditions. " no Bible and since losing touch with me had drifted pretty far from Christ JAPAN-KOREA but when he heard the familiar words, Japan Sees Its Need – a flood of feeling came over him and ~~THE officials of the Imperial Christ seems to have taken hold of Government of .Japan," says the his soul. Immediately he wrote me and since then I have had a series report of the Presbyterian Board of of most extraordinarily interesting Foreign }Iissions, presented at the letters, revealing his whole soul and General Assembly lfay 26th to .June thoughts with complete unreserve." 1st, "are deeply concerned over the After :'Ifr. Smythe sent him a New prevalent social situation." The head Testament, he wrote: "I realize that of the department of religions, in ad- my life must be a Bible life." dressing the Kational Christian Coun- cil, stated that he himself was con- A: Japanese Rebukes Tourists vinced that spiritual solutions for .Japan's social problems must be JAPAN was the first foreign country found; that he had come to believe visited by "the floating unithat .Jesus was the real source of all versity," which ended its cruise in spiritual education; and that he rec- New York late in April. An experi-

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ence of it theological student in Tokyo, and cities. The country people are who acted a"s a stud"ent interpreter for conservative and it is hard to find men the party, is a fresh illustration of able to work successfully among them. the obstacles which some tourists from There are a few Christian communiso-called Christian countries put in ties, but the number is pitifully small. the way of missionary work. He says: Rev. H. W. Myers, D.D., describes the contribution which Kagawa, I was taken into a cabin by certain whom he calls "perhaps the most American students who said to me, "We widely-known Christian in Japan," want to get some wine and whisky. If you and who has many friends in the wil! get some for us, we will give you a lot United States, has been making to of money." You can imagine how I felt. this work. This took the form of I hacl no words with which to answer them; what he called a "peasants' evanso I simply prayed and looked steadfastly gelical school, " which" met for a into their faces for a while. "Perhaps he month in February and March. Dr. can't understand English at all," they said lIyers says: 'In the forenoons lecamong themselves as they repeated their re- tures on the Bible, the life of Christ quest. As I continued in silence, they de- and church history alternated with cided to give me up and try some one else. lectures on agriculture and economics. Presently I said to them quietly, "I under- The afternoons were taken up with stand what you say, but I do not under- practical work, and in the evenings stand why you do such a thiug. I know special lectures were given by promithe law of your land. I am a member of nent speakers on various subjects. It tbe Y" M. C. A. How can I help you in was a sort of religious Chautauqua such a thing as this f" They began to leave planned for the farmers, and will be me one by one and I was left alone in the a splendid wedge in winning an opencabin. ing for the Gospel in many rural communities. " "Doll-Messengers" Findg Christ While in Prison THE thousands of dolls sent by American children,to carry their APRESBYTERIAN missionary in friendly greetings on the occasion of Chungju, Korea, writes:" One the annual dolls' festival this spring of the most interesting students in our seem to have appealed to the imagina- Men'8 Bible Conference for the whole tion of the people of Japan, who are field this year was a young man who carrying out a similar plan of their had recently completed a seven years' own. The Bulletin published by the sentence in jail. As he became an ex- Japanese Students Christian Associa- pert in weaving willow ware, he was tion in the United States announces: sent to the far north to teach his art "The Japan Juvenile Red Cross in a prison. There he came in contact Society is nOw engaged in preparing with Christians, who had been sent Japanese dolls to be sent as mes- to jail for political offenses, and was sengers of friendship to ten leading led to the faith by them. He wrote to countries of the world-America, his mother of his new-found peace France, England, Italy, Belgium, and urged her to become a Christian. Canada, Australia, Czechoslovakia, She began attending a church three Bulgaria and Roumania. The num- miles' walk from her home and is now ber of dolls to be sent will be smaller baptized. His wife also attends and than American dolls sent to Japan, is learning to read her Bible and but will bring about similar result hymn book. He holds meetings, and a within wider circles. The first ship- Sunday-school for the village chilment was expected to be made early dren, in his father's house. Pray that in April." his father may find the faith and that they may build up -a strong church in Kagawa's School for FarJDers their neighborhood. "

T HE National Christian Council of Japan has undertaken a special evangelistic effort among the great untouched masses outside the towns

"The Mountain of Grace Camp" younger brother to Christ and he, too, has begun an active Christian life." ATOWN in Korea where mission- aries of the United Church of Korean Sunrise Meetings Canada conduct a Bible Institute bears this striking name. Of old, this REV. WILLIAM SCOTT, of the was a frontier fort; now it is a lum- United Church of Canada Misbering center and a market town for sion in Korea, writes of a certain cereals. A missionary writes of the evangelist, Kim Sugno by name: last session of the Institute: "Over " 'He's all the time at prayer,' said seventy students gathered from four a fellow-pastor to me, Such men win adjacent counties, some having a following. I confess with shame walked over ninety miles to attend. that I was not always equal to paying Forty men and thirty women were the price he asked, but, one morning, enrolled and'maintained their attend- after a sleepless night of waiting for ance throughout. A ten days' preach- the hour, I got up at five 0 'clock and ing campaign was held at the same made my way to the church, about time as the Bible Institute and sev- three quarters of a mile away. Snow eral conversions were registered. had fallen during the night and lay Lantern slides of the life of Christ six inches deep, but there, in that were given separately on a women '8 little church, I found some hundred night and a J1.len's night. Two grad- and fifty Christians were out through uates were given their diplomas after the cold, 'a great time before it was a five-year course of study in the Bi- day,' and were now waiting to be led ble and about fortv scholars took by Kim Sugno into the heart of God. courses leading to the certificate for Most of them did this for ten conteachers under the Teachers' Train- secutive mornings." ing course of the Korean Sunday- School Association." ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC W <>n by a Gospel P<>rti<>n Consecrated Coconut Trees DOES it pay to go hither and yon, T HE story of a Filipino Christian preaching the Gospel and dis- is thus told by Mrs. Charles N. tributing tracts in broadcast fashion? Magill, of the American Presbyterian Rev. Gordon K. Chapman, of Asahi- mission in Tayaba : "'When one gawa, Japan, asks this question and church was in arrears to its pastor, then answers it by telling the follow- owing to shortage of crops and to having story: "A young man of his own ing built a chapel, an elder of the accord started to attend church and church volunteered to pay the whole soon purchased a Bible, and it was amount. This man entered a homestead not long nntil he was showing a deep nine years ago, cleared the forest, and interest in finding Christ as his planted it to coconut trees; he has Saviour. When the missionary asked added other land and trees, until now him what had led him to come to a he has five thousand, many of which Christian church, he said. 'Soon after are bearing well. Four years ago he my parents died, I happened to be heard the Gospel for the first time, walking along the street and a worker and was wonderfully converted. Now gave me a copy of a gospel. When I he is an elder and a very zealous read it, I knew that at last I had worker. He has no children, and he found the thing for which my heart and his wife are spending their surlonged, and God led me to this plus income in the promotion of the church. ' He was baptized last sum- Lord's work. He told us the other mer, immediately undertook definite day that he expects when all his trees Christian service and is living an open are bearing to help especially in the and consistent Christian life among erection of better chapels for all the the railway men. He soon led his poor churches. "

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()'hristians in Micronesia Hawaiian……. Later in the day T HE latest reports from the Micro- conventional Easter services are held nesia Mission of the American in the various churches-American, Board, which is at work in the Mar- Hawaiian and Japanese predominatshall Islands and on Kusaie, one of mg.

the Caroline Islands, give many interesting facts. The printing press NORTH AMERICA of the Mission is located at Kusaie, Bibles Given to New Citizens T and during the year under review it HE American Bible Society took advantage of an unusual opporhas printed nearly 340,000 pages, chiefly the Bible in the Kusaien lan- tunity for the distribution of Scrip- guage. Out of the entire popUlation tures to immigrants when nearly one of 10,412 in these islands were 3,366 . hundred aliens, representing twenty- church communicants. There were 3,- two countries, were sworn in as 891 in the Sunday-schools studying citizens of the United States in the the Bible from week to week, and al- Federal Court at Dallas, Texas. Rev.

most as many in the Christian En- J. J. Morgan, secretary of the south- deavor Society. These island people, western Agency of the American whose chief, if not only, means of Bible Society, writes of the occasion: support is the copra, contributed last "We were privileged to present each year to the support of their own newly-made citizen with the books of Christian work $2,403. This, meas- Exodus and Matthew- in convenient ured in terms of the day's work or vest-pocket form, and to explain why the cost of living of a family for a we gave these particular books…… .

day, indicates contributions far in ex- Judge Atwell prepared the way for cess, compared with the sources of the presentation of Scriptures in a income, of the contributions to Chris- very effective brief address, calling tian work in American churches. attention to the large part the Bible There are twenty-three organized has played in the making of our churches in the group. nation."

Easter Morning: in Honolulu Methodist Latin-American Mission I ~ HO~OLULU a greater mixture REV. VERNON 11. McCOMBS, of races and colors can be seen D.D., Superintendent of this united in Easter worship than any- organization, which functions in cowhere else in the world. This state- operation with the Board of Home ment, made in the New York Times, Missions and Church Extension of the is supported by the following descrip- Methodist Episcopal Church, writes tion: At sunrise on Easter morning of it: "It might now become a regua Christian service is held on the lar annual conference. It is really Punchbowl, an ~xtinct volcanic that now except as regards pastoral crater rising behind the town. The relations. Our' annual conference' thousands of Christians who attend of the missions is presided over by the service are of all nations, all the resident bishop. At that time, the creeds, all colors, all classes. Some 30 Latin-American pastors and 27 ascend part of the way in auto- other workers on the 31 circuits remobiles; others toil painfully up the ceive their appointments. Each year rocky paths in bare feet and simple the workers' reports show steady cotton garments. The presiding minis- growth in members, in giving and in ter may be a white American bishop, the volume and types of work. The or a brown-skinned Hawaiian pastor, one little mission 'without a pane of according to seniority. He may be glass,' of fifteen years ago in Pasaassisted by Catholic priest or Japanese dena, with a handful of discouraged or Chinese Christian pastor. The members and a total giving that year service is held in both English and in all the )Iission of $63, has grown

tgoiv2i~5g6,2 members and $12,000 annual Church for greater activity in Chris- with World Service paid in tianizing these native Americans. The latest statistics show that there are full on twenty-four charges, and the 350 000 Indians as compared to 270,- 544' in 1900. The Commissioners feel quota of the Mission fully met." that the reason greater support is not "iven to the Christianizing of the To Train Rural Pastors Indians is a lack of knowledge con- cerning them and their needs. They H ARTFORD Theological Seminary urge that the churches see~ to have has taken the preliminary steps missionaries from the IndIan fields for the establishment of a Country address them concerning their work. Life Department. There has been a One of the officials stated: steadily increasing belief among those having to do with town and country If you scratch through the skin of two churches that a ministry should be thirds of the Indians today, you would tind provided specifically trained to me~t a pagan. The Christian Church is needed the particular needs and opportum- to work amoug these people as much as any ties of the rural church. Hartford's other people on the face of the earth. new department will admit graduates of agricultural colleges, without Praying Kiowa' Indians Greek, on an equal basis with those from liberal-arts institutions. Of the REV. F. L. KING, Baptist misninety semester hours required for a sionary among the Kiowa Indians seminary graduation diploma, twenty- in Oklahoma, writes of their prayereight may be elected in work offer.ed fulness and their spiritual developand supervised by the Country LIfe ment along many lines. He concludes: Department. "If this spirit of evangelism con- tinues to deepen and broaden in this Korean Church in New York tribe of Indians there will be such an outpouring of God's power as there T HOUGH it is estimated that there never has been known here before. are never more than 150 Koreans We find ourselves unable to be at all of all faiths in New York City at one the meetings, but our presence is not time, sixty-three of them are members necessary. There are now so many of a flourishing Methodist church of earnest and active Christians, and so their own. Most of these Koreans are many that can read the Bible, that students who have found their re- the prayer meetings go on just the lationship with the Church in Korea same. Last Sunday there were 110 so satisfying that when they come to persons at one of our regular meetthis country they want t{) continue it. ings. Weare praising God for all With the aid of the Home Mission His great work in our midst." Board of the Methodist Episcopal Church, they have purchased a build- LATIN AMERICA, ing at 459 West 21st Street. They themselves made most of the pay- Mexican Protestant Teachers ments on this church and also pay the salary of the pastor, in spite of T HE educational program of the the fact that the majority of the mem- Calles Government, particularly bers are working their way through college or university. in the matter of providing thousands of rural schools, was referred to in the April R1EVIEw. Mrs. M. A. Mor- Asks Help for Indians row, of the Southern Presbyterian T HE Department of the Interior, tChhisurpcrh~gwrarimteiss of the wav in which through the Board of Indian Com- being related to evanmissioners, has recently issued a report of' an extensive survey o.f gelical missions: Christian missions among the AmerIcan Indians, and in it appeals to the J'aturally there is a dearth of teachers for so many schools. The administration turned to Protestants to supply the need. Graduates of our Presbyteriau schools are

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

now holding positions as district super!n- man, Bulgarian and Czechoslovakian origin. Rev. F. A. Barroetavena and tendents heads of gdierlpsartjmuse~nt.sfi,niasnhidngpr?mU-f Rev. E. N. Bauman spent two or three cipals. 'Boys and months visiting these scattered fam- ilies, holding gospel services in t~e grammar schools are rec81vmg appomt- homes, distributing Bibles and Ch:ls- tian literature, baptizing, marrymg ments to be "missionaries," as these rural and rendering every sort of Christian service to these solitary pioneers. "It teachers are called. We are encouraging would be difficult," writes a mission- ary, "to exaggerate the cheer and the many to withstand the tempt,,;tion of a good blessing that these two Bible coaches have carried with them to these new salary today and keep up theu studIes; for countries. "

very soon the Government will demand a Colombian Boys in Bible Study higher grade of teachers. . . . The Secre- REV. W AL,TER S. SCOTT reports of the Presbyterian school for tary of State is a Presbyte.rian: The As- boys in Bogota, Columbia: "Every class has a daily Bible lesson and sistant Secretary of EducatlOn IS an ~lder every pupil must commit to memory one or two verses daily. Each day in the Presbyterian Church. The Pres.'dent after the verses are recited, the re- maining fifteen or twenty minu~es of the National University is a MethodIst. are used in expository teaching WIth very personal application to the lives Notable Guatemalan Christian of the boys. The boys show a vivid interest in this and often ask search- MISSIONARIES in Guatemala are ing questions. This is the more satis- rejoicing in the influence of Don factory when one realizes that many Marcelino, whom one of them de- of these boys come from fanatical Roman Catholic families and come scribes as "a barefooted Indian who only because they know that our methods of teaching are so much a dozen years before was but a drivel- superior to those of other schools. To get our teaching they plan to tolerate ling idolater and witch doctor, self- the Bible class but not really to listen. Then in spite or themselves they get centered and utterly useless to his interested and listen intently."

fellow men,' now transformed by the Gospel into a splendid Christian man, a tremendous power for the regenera- tion and progress of all that region."

"Vhen this man was converted he didn't know one letter from another.

"hiYmet~"tasnadysbtehfoeremiassiloanragrey, "we saw audience, read the Bible, give his testimony to the power of the Gospel in his ~ife, and direct a clear, strong, beautIful prayer leading the devotions of all up to God. He spends practically noth- ing on himself, but gives the entire product of his farm year after year to God. What he gives is a veritable fortune for him and would set him up in luxury."

Further Use of "Bible Coaches" A "Twice-Born Man" in Brazil THE value of the "Bible coach" REV. H. P. MIDKIFF, who has -a Ford truck fitted with sleep- been at work in southern Brazil ing quarters for two or three col- under the Presbyterian Board since porteurs and with room for books- 1910, tells this story of one whom he in spreading the Gospel in outlying calls a "twice-born man": "Fransections of Argentina, was described cisco Gomes had been everything that in the January REVIEW. Methodist was mean and vile but, having moved missionaries have one of these vehicles to a new community, he came in conin Uruguay also. One goes from tact with a notable family of Chris- Montevideo as a base, the other from tians in the frontier and became Rosario, Argentina. The" coaeh" converted. His life has become comfrom Rosario visits the colonies and pletely changed. I had ridden to his settlements of northern Argentina. town accompanied by four men, one Many of these colonists are of Ger- of whom had in the old days helped

beat Francisco up when he was in- not to make any allusion to religion, vading another man's home. I have to the church of Rome, to Protesnot yet met Francisco, for he was on tantism in general nor to liberty of a journey when I was there, but his worship! The speaker, an eloquent wife gave the most touching testi- ex-monk, managed to obey the order mony to the wonderful difference literally but his allusions to the that his conversion had made in their religious situation in general were so home life. His case is widely known, well understood that he was frequentas he had been a notorious character." ly interrupted by hearty applause.

Bolivian Indian Chnrch Swedish Lutheran Anniversary T HE steady growth of the Indian SWEDEN is to celebrate this month church in La Paz, Bolivia is thus the four-hundredth anniversary reported in the Latin American Evan- of the establishment of the Lutheran gelist: "One by one, or more often Church in that country. At W>esteras family by family, people have pre- Reformation Diet day will be obsented themselves for baptism until served June 21st, in the presence of there are now over seventy adult the King, the royal family, the cabmembers. About twenty of the men inet, and the Parliament. are always ready to speak or lead in prayer in the meeting when called "Poly,gam.y Legalized" upon. The attendance has reached as high as 170, which means not even UNDER this heading, The Literary standing-room left, and there are not Dige'St summarizes the comments seats for over half that many. At of various anti-bolshevik editors on the the beginning of this year we were present so-called marriage and family able to start a day school for the chil- law now in effect in Russia. The dren of our Indian members, which chaos of relations between men and now has about thirty children attend- women has reached such a stage, it ing it ….. On the other hand, we is charged, that even some Soviet aunever go more than a few weeks thorities have became alarmed. Sowithout hearing of fresh cases of per- viet courts, it is alleged, are crowded secution of evangelical Indians." with mothers claiming support for their children and "naming several EUROPE men as 'cofathers' of their offspring. " In the Moscow lsviestia, an official Religious Restriction.. in Spain organ of the Soviet Government, M. Vassiliev-Yuzhin, the substitute for REV. WAYNE H. BOWERS, the Supreme Attorney of the Soviet American Board missionary in Republic, writes as follows: Spain, reports that, under the present military dictatorship, it is practi- By rendering not only the legally '{ regis· cally impossible to secure permission tered '" but also the "unregistered" marriage from provincial governors or city defensible by law, we shall be giving legal mayors for holding large gatherings protection to the growing practise of polyg· of any sort outside the chapels. Such amy. Indeed, if a man comes to a Soviet permission is necessary, as "constitu- Bureau and registers his marriage to a tioual guarantees"-such as freedom woman, and if then other women come and of the press, of meetings, and so forth can show that he lives with them also-shall -have been suspended for several we have any justification for not recogniz· years. One governor granted per- ing them as his" virtual wives" f Certajnly mission for such a meeting, to be held not. in a theater in Salamanca, without understanding clearly that it was to Many Soviet jurists, it is reported, be evangelical in character. He dis- believe that it is better to recognize covered the fact and sent for the polygamy than to leave thousands of principal speaker and ordered him mothers and children penniless and unprotected.

NEWS FROM :MANY LANDS

Slave Areall Today concealed under aliases, but often vic- tims of an acknowledged system of T HE editor of the Spectator re- slavery." "So," says Orient and cently said in London: "We find Occident, "spoke the editor of one of terrible evidence of how much greater the most respected papers in London. and more widespread are the remains And now comes the report from Geof slavery than we supposed. When neva of the Temporary Slavery Comsome fifty years ago I used to hear my mission of the League of Nations, refather talk about slavery, and how he vealing the existence of slave trading had as a young man refused to eat and slave raiding in the following sugar because it was slave-grown, I areas: Sahara, South Morocco, South used to think that with the abolition Tripoli, the Libyan Oases, Rio de Oro, of slavery in Brazil, which I of course, Senussi Country, Abyssinia, Liberia, well remembered, the work of the China, Hedjaz (slaves for the Hedjaz Anti-Slavery Society was honorably accomplished. We had only got to are smuggled through Egypt, Sudan wait a few years and it would be im- and Eritrea, Somali Coast) and possible to find slaves unless in a few Arabia. (Slaves from the far East harems. Unhappily we have found are smuggled to Arabia through the out in quite recent years that there native states of India or the Dutch are still millions of slaves, sometimes East Indies.) "

Answers to the Missionary History Test (Questions on page 410.) 1. Dr. Peter Parker, first medical missionary to China.

2. George Schmidt, first Protestant missionary to South Africa; John I.Judwig Krapf, discoverer of Mt. Kenia, highest peak in Africa; David Livingtsone, greatest explorer of the nineteenth century.

3. Because he extracted 21,000 teeth in 21 years in connection with his work. 4. Arabia.

5. "Among the Mongols," by James Gilmour.

6. Samnel Adjai Crowther, Bishop of the Niger.

7. From Honolulu, the gift of the missionaries of the American Board in Hawaii to the Whitman Mission in Oregon.

8. James Chalmers whom he called the "Great Heart of New Guinea. "

9. John Everett Clough, Baptist missionary at Ongole, India.

10. David Brainerd, missionary to the American Indians. 11. Captain Allen Gardiner, pioneer to Africa and South America.

12. Fidelia Fiske, founder of Urumia Seminary, Persia. 13. "Robinson Crusoe," by Defoe.

14. James Curtis Hepburn, pioneer Presbyterian missionary.

15. The Crimean War.

16. Adoniram Judson, founder of Baptist missions in Burma.

17. Ion Keith Falconer, third son of the Earl of Kintore, and founder of a mission to the Moslems of Southern Arabia.

18. David Livingstone; heart buried in Africa, body in Westminster Abbey, London.

19. Because he was born in Holland, educated in the United States, and served many years in Japan, but could not secure citizenship in any of the three countries. .

20. Robert Morrison, first Protestant missionary to China.

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-

L'HE REV1EW.

From Every Tribe an,d Nation. Belle M. reading doubly effective. They show Bl'ain. 12 mo, 176 pp. $1.50. New the kinship of all mankind and the York. 1927. power of the Gospel of Christ under many circumstances and in many The story-teller's art is perhaps the climes. oldest in human history. In ancient days, it was the only means of teach- ing history. Today stories of men United Churches. Elizabeth R. Hooker. and events, either real or imaginative, Six maps and diagrams; numerous statis- comprise one of the most effective tieal tables; 298 pages. $2.75. New forms of literature. In matters of York. 1926, history, patriotism, character, religion This important and careful study and conduct, story-tellers often in- of united churches in the town and struct and inspire. country area of the United States, is Among the most fascinating, in- a part of the American Village forming and stimulating stQries are Studies of the Institute of Social and those gathered from missionary expe- Religious Research under the direc- rience in all lands. Miss Brain, a wide tion of Dr. Edmund deS. Brunner.

reader, and a skilled story-teller, has The author, Miss Elizabeth R. Hooker, not herself told these half a hundred gave the greater part of her time for stories, but has allowed others, with two years to the investigation of :first-hand information, to tell them in these united churches. She is one of their own way. They are gathered the most experienced and most from many sources, not accessible to thorough of the Institute's surveyors.

the general reader. The narrators in- The study was made by corre- elude Dr. Arthur T. Pierson, Dan spondence, questionnaire survey, or Crawford, Jean Mackenzie, Sherwood personal field investigation of all re- Eddy, Mrs. Howard Taylor, Charles ported united town and country E. Scott, Sam Higginbottom, Paul churches in the United States, exclud- .

Kanamori, Mrs. Horace Underwood, ing the South where very few united Henry H. Jessup and others. The churches are to be found. The town stories themselves deal with the life and country area for the purpose of and adventures of missionaries and of this study is considered as the coun- natives, in Africa, the Near East, In- tryside, hamlets, villages and towns d~a, China, Persia, Japan, Korea, with a population of less than 5,000.

Slam, Islands of the Sea, and Latin In this area in thirty states there were America. They are long and short found 977 united churches in the true (some too short), suited to many sense of the term. Only forty-four tastes, but all are worth reading, and of these were organized before 1912 will be of real value to those who and 381 were organized between 1918 wish to illustrate missionary truths and 1924, which number was being in lessons or addresses. They also are added to at the rate of thirty or more good stories to tell to Sunday-schools per year.

or for reading aloud at a sewing cir- Miss Hooker presents her study in cleo A. dramatic quality is combined foul' parts, which deal respectively with spiritual purpose that makes the with the development of united 478

19!17] THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

churches, the types of union, the prob- a special study to be undertaken by lems of union, and the necessary adjustments. The occasions for organic one or all of the adult classes in the union were–decline in population, shift in population of different de- Sunday-school. A clearer undez-~ nominations or faiths, loss or death of individual supporters, decline of eco- standing of this whole movement, nomic prosperity, lack of increase in income proportionate to the general which you will without doubt have rise in cost of living and increased cost of maintenance of churches. Modi- after studying this excellent volume, fication of the attitude of country people toward sectarian divisions also will encourage you and your fellow had an important place in the movement. Christians to a home missionary proj- The united churches were studied ect which will result in a united efin four distinct groups, divided according to type· of organization. fort to make the Church of Jesus These types as classified by the author are the Federated Church with 312 Christ effective in the whole life of examples, the Undenominational Community Church with 137, the De- the entire community, and will bring nominational Community Church with 491 congregations, and the Affili- a finer missionary spirit to the hearts ated Church with but 37 units. Miss Hooker traces the experience of these of all than they have heretofore exfour groups in the matter of com- perienced. R. s. A. bining forces, organization, denominations participating, membership, Awakening Womanhood. By F. Hughesservices, finances and property, lead- Hallett. 84 pp. Is. Church Missionary ership, activities, benevolences and Society, Salisbury Square, London. 1927. cooperation. She answers many of the controversial questions of fact In brief compass and very convenconcerning united churches and shows ient and usable form, the author deus clearly, through experience, what scribes the Woman'8 Movement in m~y be expected from each form of Africa, Moslem lands, India, China unIOn. and Japan. A chapter is devoted to each of these divisions, with a descrip- This book is a splendid addition to tion of the condition of women in the the library of Town and Country past; the recent awakening; the Church literature and should be in problems, difficulties, needs and enthe hands of every pastor and church couragements of the situation. The leader .in rural America. If your chapters answer the introductory community is over-churched, you will question: "What is the real cause of want to know the blessings of united this movement among women all over action, first through the experience of the world! What is at the bottom of the pioneers in the field of church all this change?" union as so well pictured in this volume, and then through personal The author's firm conviction is that experience in your own community. "some power outside themselves is You will want to study the types of filling the hearts of women everyorganization carefully and then the where with a deep longing, a spiritual conditions in your community. There hunger, for a more abundant life than is no better way than to use this study course for an interested group they have ever known before, and that in the local congregation, or even as longing can only be satisfied by the best."

The book is a timely contribution to the literature th·at will be helpful in studying the textbook issued this year by the Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions, "A Straight Way Toward Tomor- row. " M. S. p.

Frank, Bishop of Zanzibar. Life of Frank Weston, D.D., 1871-1924. H. Maynard Smith. IlIus., xi, 326 pp. $3.00<. New York and London. 1926.

This volume is almost wholly de- voted to the opinions of an eminent leader of the Anglo-Catholics, who as have been built, electric lights have Bishop of Zanzibar felt in conscience been installed, and other material bound to oppose the action of Church benefits of civilization have been in- Missionary Society Bishops at Ki- troduced. In place of illiteracy, igkuyu, on the adjacent African main- norance and superstition, there is land, when they participated in a widespread education, with books and union conference of missionaries of the worship of God as revealed in various denominations in 1913. The Christ. Uganda has abolished slavery eontroversy brought Dr. Westcott be- and enjoys the rule of Christian kings fore the public, where he remained, under British protection. Arts and both in Africa to a slight extent and manufactures have been introduced to a great extent in England. Though together with new ideas of health and at the Lambeth Conference he was an happiness. Such contrasts show the advocate of church union, he drew the power and blessing that come through line against non-conformists and all the Gospel under enlightened rulers. Protestants, and felt that, if neees- sary, Anglo-Catholics should rally Pioneering for Christ in the Sudan.

under any common Catholic standard, Johanna Veenstra. 8 vo. 233 pp. $2.00. even if carried by the ,Pope at Rome. Grand Rapids, Michigan. 1926.

The limited space devoted to his The country in which the author life as an African missionary shows Uved and labored as a member of the him to have been a sacrificial and un- Sudan United Mission is strictly wearying man, giving himself unspar- speaking, Southern Nigeria. Her ingly to his beloved Arricans, and in story is a vivid, warm-hearted, soul- his cathedral city of Zanzibar to aU ful history of her call and preparation foreigners needing his aid. He re- for the mission field, her journey to veals, however, a special leaning to- Africa and h'er life and varied experi- ward Romans, both clergy and laity. ences with the African people. She The chapter on a sisterhood that he tells many interesting facts and inci- established, "The Comminity of the dents-not only as related to herself, Sacred Passion," shows his strong but in connection with the people, mystical character and his deep devo- their customs, spirit worship, and tion to Christ as seen in the Holy their moral and physical life. It is a Sacrament. Some of the rules laid vivid and informing narrative of down for Africans training for the pioneer missionary life in this land priesthood are worthy or imitation, of moral and spiritual darkness. The though exception will be taken to his call to preach the Gospel here is strong points of emphasis on Catholicism. for the need is great. The results are H. P. B. encouraging in spite of problems and difficulties.

Uganda Contrasts. P. L. Garlick. Map and Illustrations. 12 mo. 74 pp. Paper, Is. Central American Indians and The Bible. London. 1927. W. F. Jordan. Introduction by W. Regi- It is fifty years since Protestant nald Wheeler. 88 pp. $1. New York. missionaries entered Uganda in re- 1926.

sponse to Stanley's appeal. Great The late W. F. Jordan was a true transformations have taken place and able friend of the Indian. The since then. Fires of murderous hatred population of Central America and for Christians have been extinguished, of the republics in the northern part and fires of love for all mankind have of South America is largely Indian been lighted in Baganda hearts. In- in blood; and as Secretary of the stead of a long, difficult trail in the American Bible Society in Mexico, jungle, in the face of wild beasts Central America and the Upper'

and savage men, a railroad now runs Andes, Mr. Jordan had ample oppor- to Uganda from the coast, and tunity for study and service of the steamers ply the lake. Good roads native inhabitants of those regions.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1927

· A Sample of the Missionary Educational Investment in China- Some of the

Pure Linens Pure quality in Linens is the corner,stone upon which McCutcheon's has built its reputation as "The Treasure House of Fine Linens in America." And every woman who appreciates beauty of design in Linens knows that she will find here merchandise to meet her taste. Exquisite patterns in Table Damasks, the latest novelties in Fancy Linens, handsome Towels as well as simple or elaborately embroidered Sheets and Pillow Cases await her selection.

Me Cutcheon's ['l'f) FIFTH AVENUE FORTY-NINTH ST.

Dept. No. 20 ",,,_w New York ~- AN INSIDE GUMPSE l W E WOULD like to spread before you all of the soul-stirring experiences which come to us weekly in the practical work reports from our students. But since this is impossible we are quoting from a few that you may share the joy with us.

j A man converted jn jail through the instrumentality of a group of students wrote to one as foIIows: "r have joined a Sunday-school class, the Christian Compapionship Club and the choir, so you see I am very busy ip the Lord's work. I sing at tqe missions in j Chicago and give my testimony of how Jesus saved me a wretched sinneri in the Cook ' County jail. .

"I have already been the means of bringing two or three souls to the Lord each week, ) but I give Him all the praise. When a man is a Christian he always likes to tell the other fellow about the Saviour."

Our Practical Work Director says: "The work in the railway shops is typical of most of the work carried on by our groups. The men have but thirty minutes for eating and when our group arrives they are seated around in a circle leaving room for the group in the center. The group is composed of a number of musicians, two or three good speakers and personal workers who know how to speak to men. It is not an uncommon occurrence to have five or six men at one meeting come out of their own accord and take a stand for Christ in the sight of their fellow workmen," .

A Mission Superintendent testifies: "Your students have been a wonderful help to the attend- ance of the Mission. Souls have been saved, Christians built up in their faith, and Biblical interpretation made profitable. Your students have a warm place in the hearts of our people.

They are always made welcome because of their Christian fortitude,"

If you would like to have a share in carrying on the work of the Moody Bible Institute your gift will be very thankfully received. If you have funds for an investment which would help this work and also bring you returns for life we will be glad to tell you about our Annuity Plan, THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE 1153 Institute Place BoxY5 Chicago, Illinois Pleas. mention THE MISSIONARY REvIEW OF THE WOHL" In writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJIIOT CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1927 Page FRONTISPIECE •……..•….••. .SOME OF THE FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN CHINA EDITORIALS ………………………………………•……………..• 325 RUSSIA AND THE PRINTED PAGE A RECl!lNT LETTEII FROM CHINA SHALL WE HAVE A MISSlONAlLY JOHN E. WILLIAMS OF NANKING CHAUTAUqUA 1 A CHINESE VIEW OF THE SITUATION IN CHINA ……..PAUL CHIH MENO 331 A view of the present (Jonitition and outlook in China by the Chinese Chlristwn seuretary of the Chinese Christwn Student Association in New York.

MISSIONS IN OHINA-TO-DAY AND TO-1rlDRROW …….. EDWARD H. HUME 337 The President of Yale in China, the American College at Chang8ha, reviews the events of the past few months a.nd interp·,.ets them in ..elation to mMsiona.-y progress and opportunity.

TURKEY, THE TREAT1ES AND THE MISS10NARIES ….. CHARLES T. RIGGS 343 A Ufe-lqng ..esident of Turkey interp.-ets the recent treaties and agreements with ..eference to the missionary situation and outlook.

OONDITIONS AT HOME THAT HINDER WORK ABROAD …………… . •..••.. .. ..••…. .. ..••••. . . ..••…. . , . . . • . • . . . . . . " .. MRs. F. F. LINDSAY 349 A frank stuily of the Church and of American Christianity and its influence on Christwn misswnary activities.

A CREED FOR MISSIONARY SOCIETIES ……………… · .. MARY A. VAIL 352 THE COUNTRY COMMUNITY AND THE COUNTRY CHURCH ……….. . …… ………….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MALCOLM DANA 353 A stuily of rural or rurban Ufe in America and the responsibUity of the Christian Chu.-ch.

IF BY ANY MEANS WE MAY SAVE SOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LUC'lE G. OWEN 363 A story of effective evangelistic work in the Philippine Islands by means of postal contact.

AN INDIAN CHRISTIAN LIGHTBEARER-PART II . . . . . . . . . . . H. A. POPLEY 366 Conc!usWn of the life story of Dewan Bahailur A. S. Appaswamy, a remarkable Christwn of InilW.

WHAT OHRISTIANITY MEANS TO ME . . . . . . . . . A YOUNG CONVER.T F1tOM ISLAM 370 A WE.LL CONDUCT~D LEPER ASYLUM ………………….. P. A. BENNElt 371 The story of a mode! work for lepers in Ind·ia.

THE CONVERSION OF A WIFE-BEATER ……………… . A. B. PATTER.SON 374 A story of the power of the Gospel in a West African village.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …. EDITED BY ELLA D. MAcLAURJN 375 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN . . . . . . . EDITED BY FLORE'lCF. E. QUINLAN 318 NEWIS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….• 380 FOREIGN MISSIONS LIBRARY …………………………………….. 397 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1927, by MISS!()NARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBlJSHING COMPANY. Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President Wm. 1. Chamberlain. Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publlcation Oillce. 3d & Reily Sts.• Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Oillce. 156 Fifth Avenue. Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. New York City Entered as second-elass matter at the Post Olllee, Harrisburg. P …. under Act of March 3. 1879. PERSONALS I HARTFORD REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., the well· SEMINARY FOUNDATION known authority on missions to Moslems, and editor of The Moslem World, left Theological Seminary America for England on March 26th to attend the conferences of missionary workers School of Religious Education among Jews to be held in Warsaw and Buda.pest. From there he goes to south- Kennedy School of Missions eastern &urope to investigate the situation in rega;'d to Mohammedans and, in the autumn, with Mrs. Zwemer, will begin a series of conferences in India.

** w. DOUGLAS MACKENZIIl, President R.Ev. RoBERi' H. MliLLIGAN, D.D., for- A UNIVERSITY of religion. Three separate merly a missionary in West Africa, and re- schools of Christian training grouped on one- Ilently pa.stor of the Presbyterian Church in campus. The Theological Seminary trains tor Mt. Kisco, N. Y., has been appointed Secre- the ministry; the School of Missions for the tary of tbe Upper Andes Agency of the foreign field; the Schnol of Religious Education American Bible Society, to succeed the late tor the lay worker and teacher and for social Rev. W. F. Jordan. service. Courses in any of the three schools are open to all students. Thus opportunity is * it o1Tered for full-rounded religious education.

LoRIN A. SHEPARD, M.D., son of the well- Hartford Seminary Foundation is located in known American Board missionary, the late the center or the intellectual and· cultural life II Shepard of Aintab," has just been of New England, half way between Boston and granted a permit to practice medicine in New York. Turkey and has sailed for Constantinople. A series of handsome and well…appointed * buildings makes its campus one of the most beautUu1 in its section of the country. The Case MISS RUTH RULE, who for the last five I ~~~g~i~s~i~[~~ ~~~~~1~~~~o1;.510~~isv~~u:ne: !~ years has been head of the Y. W. C. A. in the richest theological libraries in the country. the Balkan States, has been appointed sec- I The facu1ty is composed of twenty-eight scholarly retary of the W'oman's Board of Domestic I men and women who have attained distinction in their respective fields.

·I HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Missions of the Reformed Church in Amer- I Hartford, Connedicut iea. .. * ..

REV. ERW M. NORTH, PH.D., son of Rev. Unlimited Good Frank Mason North, D.D., of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal "The interesting information re- Chnrch, has been elected Associate Secretary ceived yesterday enclosed with the of the American Bible 80eiety. Annuity check. makes me more anxious than ever to inVest some- *** thing more in your greo.t work EJ}WARD H. HUME, M.D., who has been connected with" Yale-in-China" since 1905, and president of the college since 1923, has resigned from the -presidency. The disturbed conditions in HnnRll Province have made it . necessary to close the college for the present.

CANON SELL, author of "The Faith of because of the unlimited good it Islam," and for thirty-eight years Secretary does. I want to be sure that moot of the Church Missionary Society in Madras, of what I have been able to save India, wher~ he still resides, recently eele- will not be wasted after I am brated his eighty-eighth birthday by the gone." publication of his twentieth volume of commentaries on the OId Testament and allied The above is an abstract from a letter literature.

OBITUARY of an Annuitant who remitted $10,000 for the seventh Annuity Agreement, REV. JAMES STALKER, D.D., anthor of totaling $48,500.

, I Imago Christi" and many other widely- For further information write : Morria W. Ehnea, Treasurer, Board of Forei~ read religious books, died February 6th in Missions 01 the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 O~ieff, Scotland, where he was born seventy- Fifth Avenue, New Yorl., N. Y., or nme years ago. . W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis- sion. and Church Extension of the Methodist Episco- REV. CHARLES SCANLON, D.D., Director of pal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, P•. the Department of Moral Welfare of the Board of Christian Education of the Pres- bJ:'terian Church in the U. S. A., died in ~lttsburgh, Pa.., March 21st, in his fiftyeIghth year.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 0" THE WORLn In wrIting to advertIsers. huildings of Napking University; a Union Christian Institution, of which Dr. .Tohn E. Williams was the Vice-President.

A Sample of the Extensive Foreign Business Investments in China-The large new Hongkong-Shanghai Bank on the Bund (Water Front) of the International Settlement in ShanghaL SOME OF THE FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN CHINA

MAY, 1927

L FIVE RUSSIA AND 'l'HE PRINTED PAGE T HE power of the printed page to influence thought and action has 'been recognized ever since the invention of the printing press. This medium of thoughts has grown in influence as literacy has increased so that the power of the press-for good or evil-is proverbial. It is evident in political campaigns, in advertising and in educational and religious work.

Russia has recognized the efficacy of the printed pages in her political and social propaganda. Reports from China state that millions of dollars have been spent to present communistic ideas to the Chinese. Leaflets, hand bills and posters are scattered broadcast to sow political and industrial revolt, together with atheism, in the minds of Chinese students and other literate classes. The propaganda has been effective, in spite of the specious reasoning with which its' arguments are often presented.

Not only do Russian "Bolshevists" make wide use of the printed propaganda to spread false doctrines in China, but they also use the same method widely among the people of Russia and other European countries, and in America and other lands. Some of the papers printed are marked by blasphemy and teachings out of harmony with Christian morality. Papers are printed in Moscow bearing the imprint of the Russian Communist Party of the Bolsheviki largely devoted to ridiculing the idea of God and ,religion and that are particularly bitter against J eaus Christ. The Atheist Society publishes two papersr-" The Atheist" (for the peasants) and "The Atheist at His Bench" (for industrial workers). The Bezbogenik (The Atheist) has many cartoons, including a recent picture showing Jesus Christ as an emaciated mortal at whose sacl'ificiallife and teachings is pointed the finger of scorn. Capitalists and materialists are represented as those who, in His name, bleed, drive, rob, and persecute the working men. Many comments in these'

325

papers are too disgusting to bear printing in English. This propa- ganda is broadcast over Russia and naturally has a great influence on the youth and on others who are uninformed. Copies are also sent over to America for distribution that they may continue to dis- pense falsehood and poison. The accompanying illustration shows the cover of a recent issue of the" The Atheist at His Bench," which pictures how the Russian communistic propaganda is extending over the world. The "Russian Reds" are seen marching in the Soviet Republic and extending their activities to France, England and across the sea to America. It is not a question of whether the people of other nations desire these doctrines; they are thrust upon all nations through inter- national propaganda.

A daily paper of similar char- acter is published in New York and is called Russky Golos (The Russian Voice). It seeks to fo- ment discontent, suspicion and strife, especially between rich and poor, and between Christian and infidel. A recent issue says that all wealth, now in the hands of the privileged class, belong to the la- borers and therefore may legiti- mately be confiscated. Religion is described as the "opiate of the people" and God is misrepre- sented A COVER OF THE RUSSIAN COMMUNIST as a hardhearted and graspin!r PAPER, Bezbogen1k ("The Atheist"), showing the ex- L.J capitalist seeking to te,:;~~n toofp:~j~:r J;~d~~g~:~a N;,r~myO~~s- grind down the poor.

The October number of Cur- '·ent History calls attention to the fact that atheism is making strides in Russia and says that Emilian Jaroslavsky, president of the "Union of Atheists," has his office in the headquarters of the Communist Party Control Committee, of which he is secretary, being picked by Lenin for this position. "He is passionately interested in the anti-religious campaign, and is giving his whole life to the task of winning the Russian people away from their old beliefs and con- verting them to the new faith of Marxism and Leninism."

Jaroslavsky in 1925 also published what is sometimes called "The Soviet Bible," printed in modern type and making mockery of the Old Testament book by book. The title of the first volume is "The Bible for Believers and Unbelievers: 1st Part, Creation of .the W orId," and it is put out-under Governmental Editorship,

EDITORIAL COMMENTS 3~7

Moscow, Leningrad, 1925. Already over ninety thousand copies have been printed. In this volume the Bible is mocked and the idea of God is ridiculed j His priests are represented as mercenary, and engaged in defrauding the people by playing on their superstition.

Similar propaganda is carried on in America by Russians through anti-religious Communistic papers which are not quite so crude and coarse as those printed in Russia. One paper called The New Wodd is published in the Russian language, with the avowed purpose of rousing the hatred of the working classes against capi- talists. But the most extreme propaganda is that which advocates free sex relations and de- nounces God, Christ and the Church.

How can this destructive propaganda be overcome? The way to combat suspicion is with open dealings; the way to dis- credit lies it with truth; the way to overcome hatred is with love; the way to put down atheistic and blasphemous utterances is by wit- nessing to the true God by lips and life and by educating the youth to know and follow Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Sav- iour. Russian Communists recog- rOC:Y'AtpcmH£HHOf H1AAmtUCmll. ni'ze the power of the press. The Government has refused many ap- MOCtUlA t9t.'f AIEHMHI' A plications for the publication of THE COVER OF "THE SOVIET BIBLE" -TO CREATE UNBELIEF Bibles and Scripture portions in Russia. The excuse given is "lack of paper," but such lack is not observed in their Communistic prop- aganda. Fortunately some Bibles and 'l'tistaments are published in Russia, and Communists in America may now be reached with the good news of God's love and life through Christ and of the Christian way of life in righteousness and truth, in peace, good-will and brotherly kindness. Some excellent little leaflets have been printed in modern Russian by the American Tract Society. These leaflets include the Ten Commandments, the eighth, twenty-third and twenty- seventh Psalms, prophecies concerning Christ, verses on sin and salvation and the Beatitudes. The planting of this "good seed"

will counteract much sowing of tares. God will give the increase.

SHALL WE HAVE A MISSIONARY CHAUTAUQUA1 USUALLY those who wish to receive an education are asked to come to school and college and be taught. Some teachers have, however, conceived the idea of taking educational opportunities to people who are in isolated communities. The Chautauqua plan has been widely developed by which the school goes to the students. While, in some places, it has produced a strange mixture, in general it has been a boon to small towns. Similar methods have been used in the Southern Mountains, where Berea College has taken education to remote people in a series of classes and lecture courses. The result has been, not only to instruct them but to give them an appetite for more knowledge.

Recently, a "Swarthmore Chautauqua" has been founded, on a national community foundation, with a notable list of trustees who are seeking a $5,000,000 endowment. The purpose is to promote popular education and cultural advancement by bringing the best teachers to small communities for a limited period. Following a "vitalizing personal contact;" made during a week of Chautauqua lectures, courses of university extension will be carried on to follow up the preliminary work.

It would be a truly worth-while achievement if some Christian philanthropists would conceive and bring to fruition the idea of an endowed Christian and missionary Chautauqua to carry into remote and neglected regions the best type of instruction in Ohristian truth and in the progress of God's Kingdom among men. Lectureship foundations in these subjects have been established at colleges and seminaries, where the students have already a wealth of instruction, and educational institutions have been richly endowed in great centers but the remote regions are stilI neglected or are dependent almost wholly on very inadequate instruction. A foundation with a $5,000,000 endowment, and a commanding Ohristian personnel on its Board of Directors, could carry out a program of inspiring religious instruction that might exert a wide and abiding influence in rural communities where educational opportunities are extremely limited. What a boon it would be to hard-working people in such a community if inspiring messages and a week of teaching could be made available by the best Christian preachers and teachers. Oircuits might be planned so that talent from neighboring cities would serve these neglected communities and the work might be followed up by correspondence courses supervised by the best local talent. What a blessing might come, for example, if a team consisting of a leading preacher, an experienced Sunday-school worker, an enthusiastic missionary and a song leader could visit for a week a village community in Maine, a parish in rural New York State or a district in the mountains of Tennessee or West Virginia.

God may lay it on the hearts of some of His stewards to under-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

take a work for evangelical and missionary enlightenment such as is being carried on to promote a higher type of training in literature, in hygiene, in child-training, in better amusements and in general secular branches of knowledge.

A RECENT LETTER FROM CHINA CHINA as a whole is not antagonistic to Christianity. In fact, the great masses of Chinese know little of it. There is, never- theless, a strong anti-Christian propaganda as well as an anti-foreign agitation carried on by students. A missionary wrote, on January 10th: The Nationalistic party took possession of the British Concession and Customs (in Hankow), running up their flag on the British buildings. British women and children took refuge on the gunboats-also some Americans, In Nanling (Anhwei Province), on Christmas night, numbers of defeated soldiers began to pour in, and, as is their custom, demanded money. The three thousand soldiers demanded $60,000 and they received most of it, so have behaved fairly well. If the money had not been forthcoming, they would have looted, killing those who resisted and probably burning down their homes. The women of the city fled into the country. We kept our gates (of the compound) barred, fearing they might come in to loot, but the Lord kept us in safety.

In W'uchang, the Nationalist party put on a play before thousands of people. They had a mock chapel and preacher, also a mob which destroyed the chapel, killed the preacher, and burned the image of Jesus. This, of course, was meant to incite the people to do likewise. They also had larger posters of pigs crucified on crosses. A Lutheran church was utterly demolished and an outstation chapel of Wuchang was destroyed.

This year (in Nanling Hsien), we have been entirely free from the antiforeign or anti-Christian spirit but the province of Anhwei has not yet gone over to the Cantonese. Not all the Southern element are anti-Christian. Marshal Feng is intensely anti-British although Dr. Goforth spent months in Marshal Feng's camp, at his invitation, teaching and baptizing many of his soldiers. Since Dr. Goforth returned from furlough, Marshal Feng will hardly notice him-all because he is a Britisher.

It is hard to understand Marshal Feng. He has a large army and his soldiers are well disciplined. They are welcomed by the people wherever they go, never looting or misbehaving. Nurses in hospitals have told me that Marshal Feng's soldiers are so different from other soldiers that it was a joy to care for them.

One wing of the Nationalistic party do not believe in any religion and want to wipe out every form of religion in China, "But God-." They seem to make all their reckonings without God.

We sympathize with them in their desire to be free from foreign domination, but they are unfair and unjust, to treat their best friends-the missionaries-in such an unrighteous manner.

Dr. John E. Williams, of Nanking O NE of the most saddening events in connection with the recent attack on foreigners in Nanking, was the murder, by a Cantonese soldier, of Dr. John E. Williams, the beloved and honored vice- president of Nanking University and devoted friend to the Chinese people. Dr. Williams was ruthlessly shot by a soldier who was robbing him, although he was not resist- ing. This death is an unspeak- able loss to China as well as to the Christian Church and to Mrs.

Williams and their four children and to many friends.

John E. 'Villiams was born on June 11, 1871, in Shawnee, Ohio, and was graduated from I Marietta College in 1894, and from Auburn Theological Semi- nary, Auburn, New York, in 1899. In August, he was mar- ried to Lillian Caldwell and was appointed a missionary to China in 1899 by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterial!

Church.

He became an outstanding scholar in the Chinese language.

Nanking University, which has now been closed, had approxi- mately 1,000 stUdents, and in- cluded a department of agricul- ture and forestry, a big hospital and nurses' training school, a JOHN E. WILLIAMS language school, and a middle An American Presbyterian missionary and school, and the College of Arts Vice-Pres'ident of Nanking UniversitY. when he was kIlled by Chinese soldiers while on his way and Sciences, of which Dr. Wil- to chapel in Nanking, at 8 p. m .. , March 24, liams was dean. 1927. In a letter written from Nan- king last January, Dr. Williams said: "We seem to be at the most crucial stage in the development of the Christian movement in China.

. . . We hope that this time will be passed with steadiness and quietness on the part of the representatives of the Powers and that they will come to a fair understanding. In the last three or four years, we have not had a semester in which there was a finer spirit of understanding and sympathy on the part of all our Chinese faculty and the students than this past semester. Students and faculty are coming to realize more deeply that the drive against Christianity means a great responsi- bility on their part for the Christian teaching and for the Christian cause. "

Dr. Williams and his family had many friends in America and in China to whom this tragedy comes as a stunning blow, but he has not labored in vain and his death will not destroy the fruits of his labors in behalf of Christ and his Chinese brethren.

A Chinese View of the Situation in

BY PAUL CHIH MENG, NEW YORK General Secretary of the Chinese Students' Christian Association T o THE Ohinese people and Americans who have observed recent developments in Ohina, the present situation in Ohina gives very good reasons for optimism. At last the people as a whole have regained confidence in their potentiality and have caught a vision of a free and independent country, unhampered by foreign intervention and unequal treaties.

The present situation in Ohina is not to be compared with the Boxers' Uprising in 1900. The Boxers' trouble was more or less mob violence, while the present uprising is by the people and with a definite program. Furthermore, the present uprising is distinctly a people's revolution, the object of which is to recover the sovereign j'ights of theil" nation and to make their country a commonwealth for all classes 'of people. The three people's principles of Sun Yat-Sen correspond more or less to "A government of the people, for the people, and by the people." Only Dr. Sun's principles are more explicit and based more on modern social and political ideas.

The nationalistic spirit in Ohina should not be confused with Bolshevism. It is, on the contrary, synonymous with patriotism in the best sense. For almost a century, Ohina has suffered economically and politically under the unequal treaties forced upon her by seventeen imperialistic nations, and the oppression of military dictators. She now becomes conscious of her strength and is determined to shake off any chains and to remove any obstacles that prevent her from becoming a free and independent nation.

Ever since the founding of the Republic of Ohina in 1911, Ohina has politely asked the Powers to take steps to abolish the unequal treaties. These appeals have been either ignored or evaded. Promises were made to Ohina by the Powers at the Washington Oonference in 1922, but the Powers did not make sincere efforts to fulfill their promise!'!. Oonsequently some of the Nationalists in Ohina are led to believe that if Ohina wants to recover her sovereign rights, it must be done bv force.

How'did Russia win the good will of the Ohinese nation? Russia in 1924 voluntarily relinquished her special privileges under the unequal treaties in Ohina and openly avowed that she would treat Ohina as a friendly nation on an equal basis. The Ohinese people as a whole do not know what Bolshevism is nor what has happened in Russia since the Russian Revolution, but they do know this-that Russia, of her own accord, willingly gave up the unequal treaties and became Ohina's friend, while the other nations did not even attempt to make known their intention to give up the unequp1 treaties.

331

The "Cantonese" or the "Southern" Government is composed of the so-called Central Committee. On this Committee there are Nationalists and Communists. The Nationalists aspire to make China a free and independent democracy, while the Communists advocate the workers' revolution or "Bolshevism." Russia has direct influence over the Left Wing or the Communists of this Committee. But the Central Committee is not controlled by the Communiststhe majority of the members of the Central Committee being Nationalists. To those who have studied the social structure and temperament of the Chinese people, Communism will never find fruitful soil in China.

The "Cantonese" Government has a definite program and definite ideals. It is erroneous to call it the" Southern" Government. Though it has had its center of activity in the southern part of China, yet the Kuomin Tang, the party in control of the" Southern" Government, has its supporters all over China and among the Chinese overseas. It is misleading to call it either the" Cantonese" Government or the <iSouthern" Government. It is not a "Cantonese" Government, simply because it is not in Canton nor is it controlled entirely by the Cantonese. 'l'he administrative offices of the Government have been moved to Wuchang and Hankow. Some of the most prominent leaders in the Government are not Cantonese. It is most appropriate to call this organization the Nationalist Government. The Nationalist Government is well organized. It has definite proposals regarding public finance, education and foreign policy. The most impressive thing about the Nationalist Government is that it is not militaristic, nor is it controlled by one dictator. The army is under the control of the civil authorities, which ,is in turn governed by the Central Committee. Furthermore, it has for its ideals the three people's principles of Sun Yat-Sen and the realization of a nation that is free from foreign bondage. "The Cantonese Government is probably the best government Canton has had since the Revolution," says Dr. James M. Henry, ex-President of Lingnan University of Canton, China. "The Southern Government is the only government in China that has a real program and that has actually introduced and performed social reform. "

The press in America has made much of Russia's influence in the present turmoil in China. It has repeatedly pointed out that ammunition and expert advice are being given to the" Southern" Government by Russia, but it has failed to point out, either consciously or tmconsciously, that British support is with the "North." According to recent reports from China, the most up-to-date equipment of Chang Tso-lin's army is partly from England. There is also evidence that the British are supplying, at the same time, a large amount of ammunition to General Sun Chuan-fang.

Chang Tso-lin was a bandit leader in Manchuria. He was hired

A OHINEBE VIEW OF THE SITUATION IN CHINA

by Japan to fight in the Russo-Japanese War. Later he was made an officer in the Chinese Army in Manchuria at the request of Japan. During recent years he succeeded in controlling Manchuria. Chang Tso-lin has aspired to become the dictator of China by force and is at present controlling Manchuria and the greater part of North China. In contrast with the Nationalist Government, the so-called "Northern" Government is dominated at the present time by one man, namely, Chang Tso-lin.

"South" is the name popularly given to the Nationalist Government, while the" North" is at present represented by Chang Tso-lin. In the eyes of the Chinese people, it is a fight between a party with a definite program and ideals against a party that has no program or ideals but is under the dictatorship of one man. Sun Chuan-fang is an ally of Chang Tso-lin. He is attempting to stop the Nationalist Army in the province of Chekiang. Wu Pei Fu is another ally of the so-called" North. " General Feng Yu Hsiang, the Christian General, is an ally of the Nationalist Party. The people of China have no respect for' Chang Tso-lin, nor any sympathy with the Communists. They submit to his rule in Manchuria and part of North China simply because he has a very strong and well-equipped army. The moral support of the Chinese people is with the Nationalist Party.

At the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Chinese Students' Alliance in America it was resolved that the three people's principles of Sun Yat-Sen be adopted as China's ideals and program. At the same conference it was also resolved that the Chinese students should recognize the Nationalist Government as the government of China and that the same government should be recognized by the nations of the world.

The unconditional support of the Nationalist Government by the Chinese students indicated at the same time their sentiments toward the unequal treaties. Their, three resolutions sent to the State Department at Washington represent the sentiment of the Chinese people. They are: First, we resent the landing of American Marin'es and the increase in American naval units in China. Second, we request the American Government to refrain from participating with the other foreign governments in interfering with our internal affairs. 'rhird, we request the American Government to take independent, immediate and concrete steps toward abolishing the unequal treaties, including extra-territoriality, which is at the root of all anti-foreign agitation.

Since the Washington Conference in 1922, some of the Chinese people have been led to believe that the United States has deviated from her traditional policy of friendship and independent action in her dealings with China. Mr. Charles R. Crane, ex-American Minister to China, believed that the United States should have long ago led in initiating the negotiating of new treaties with China, in place

of the conventional tariff and extra-territoriality. He said at the Johns Hopkins Conference on American Relations with Uhina (September, 1925), "We have wasted three or four years, and many of the things that we propose today ought to have been done at the time of the Peace Conference." . . .

The Chinese, who have come into contact with the liberal thinking people in America, have found that the American people as a whole mean well to China and want to do the fair and just thing in the present crisis. However, this friendly sentiment in America, though widely spread, has not been crystallized into action. Consequently nothing has been done to enable the Chinese people to see concretely and to feel actually that there is such a sentiment. On the other hand, some Chinese observers have been led to believe th-at the United States has been influenced by the tradition of concerted action of the Powers in China and that for the sake of aeting with the other Powers in China the United States has sacrificed opportunities by which she should have shown to China her sincerity in pursuing a disinterested and just policy. If the United States had voluntarily renounced her special privileges under the unequal treaties as Russia did, the United States would have undoubtedly become China's greatest friend and the strongest moral influence in the Far East. Authorities on American trade with China, such as Mr. Eldridge, chief of the Far Eiastern Division of the United States Department of Commerce, and Mr. Julean Arnold, Commercial Attache to the American Legation in Peking, have both asserted that the modification or abolition of the conventional tariff and extra-territorial rights would increase instead of hamper American trade in China.

To those Chinese people who are in China and have never come in contact with the liberal thinking Americans, there is a growing feeling that America has become one, of the imperialistic Powers which regard China as a market place and are willing to hold on to their special economic and political advantages at the cost of China's sovereignty and independence. They have some good reasons for believing so. The United States participated in addressing the Ultimatum to China on March 16, 1926. During the strike in China in ,June of the same year, American Marines were landed in Shanghai to assist the British. The still recent reports of the dispatching of large naval forces from the United States to China have strengthened the belief of the Chinese people that the United States has changed her traditional course of non-intervention in the internal affairs of China. . . .

Perhaps the most innocent sufferer from press sensationalism in the present situation is the missionary enterprise in China. The press has declared that Christian missions there have collapsed and that investments of over $100,000,000 by Christian organizations in America were to be confiscated. According to cable messages from

A CHINESE VIEW OF THE SITUATION IN CHINA

the missions to the International Missionary Council, the most re- liable and recent report is that out of approximately eight thousand American missionaries in China about one-half have left their posts in the interior at the request of American consuls.

The prominent note in the declarations of the American and British Governments has been that their respective governments would use all necessary force to protect the lives and interests of their nationals in China. That the British and Americans and any other foreign 11ationals are entitled to safety in China is not questioned even by the extremists in China. However, it must be remembered that civil war is going on between two parties in China. Civil war always creates unrest, lawlessness and mob violence which are uncontrollable. The Chinese people themselves, according to Americans who have recently returned from China, suffer from the civil war many times more than the foreign interests. A large number of foreigners are scattered throughout China. The question is, is it possible for China. to stop the civil war without fighting the real issue, or is it more feasible that these foreigners should withdraw from the dangerous regions where the unrest is worst 1 The Chinese people welcome intercourse with foreign nations in trade, travel, and culture exchange, but they would resent any intervention or secret diplomacy which would support a certain faction in China to the detriment of China's fight for democracy and independence.

There has been considerable concern over the future of the Christian religion in China on the part of a large number of Christian people in America. There is protracted civil war and unrest ill China aUJl anti-Christian propaganda has been fermented by Communists.

This anti-foreign and anti-Christian feeling may impede the progress of Christian work in China but believers in Christ should not be discouraged and give up their work in China. In the words of Dr. David Z. T. Yui, Chairman of the National Christian Council of China, "Is Christianity a luxury to be enjoyed in peaceful times only to be discarded in hours of difficulty, or has the Christian re·· ligion, as well as the Christian people, something to contribute to a people in their struggle for democracy and independence ~ "

We, the Chinese Christians, believe that the anti-Christian sentiment has been generated partly on account of the propaganda and chiefly on account of the un-Christian dealings of the so-called Christian nations with China. We also believe that the civil strife and unrest in China are only temporary. Furthermore, we believe that the Christian religion has taken root in the national life of China because it has much to contribute to the religious and to the spiritual life of the Chinese people. When the gloom of internal struggle and external threat is dispelled and the Chinese nation is once more on the normal road of progress the inherent value in Christianity will be demonstrated in individual lives and institutions. An ideal or

commodity that has intrinsic value as well as the capability of serving mankind will eventually prove itself. The future of Ohristianity, as well as that of science and democracy in Ohina, need not cause worry. The point is whether we have faith enough to brave difficulties. Will the Ohristian people in America look beneath the surfaee 7 A OHINESE OHRISTIAN STUDENT DECLARATION'"

In regard to the present situation in Ohina, we, the Ohinese Students' Ohristian Association in North America, believe that the nationalistic spirit is underlying the efforts of Ohina to become a democracy, unhampered by the bondage of the unequal treaties. We believe that this nationalistic spirit has been generated spontaneously in the Ohinese people and that the number of people there who are influenced by Oonnnunistic propaganda is negligible. We further believe that the Ohinese people as a whole are united in supporting the political party which has a definite and constructive program, internally and externally, for the abrogation of all unilateral and unequal treaties that infringe upon Ohina's sovereignty. . . .

We find that the anti-foreign sentiment is caused by the long delay on the part of the Powers to take steps to restore to Ohina her sovereign rights and that the anti-foreign and anti-Ohristian demonstrations were staged by extremists, and that the Ohinese people as a whole welcome intercourse with the nations of the world on a friendly and equal basis.

The Ohinese people have not forgotten the traditional policy of the United States of justice and friendship toward Ohina. There has been a growing sense of comprehension on the part of the Ohinese people to witness that the United States appears to have deviated from her traditional policy and has adopted the policy of concerted action with other Powers at the expense of justice and friendly relations.

We believe that the use of force on the part of the Powers in Ohina will further aggravate and intensify the graveness of the situation, and that the Chinese people will be reasonable in response to sincere efforts on the part of the Powers to deal with the present situation on the basis of equity and justice.

We sincerely hope that the United States will pursue an independent course in opening negotiations with China for new treaties based on justice and reciprocity, and that the United States will readily recognize the party that has won the support of the Chinese people as the de jure government of the Republic of Ohina.

(Signed) THE OENTRAL EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE OHINESE STUDENTS'

C H R 1ST I A N A'lSOCIATION IN NORTH AMERICA.

* From The Chinese Christian Student.

NANKING

_CU~TURALtO~$~UTH EASTER AMEllltA" Clll$U~ NIVERSTTV ~ HN'INCO EGE DRUM .TOW~R JAP.NE5£COIISUlAlE • NANKING UNIVERSITY· Scale 1: +6,000 ,.. …. 0 Va Missions in China-To-day and To-morrow BY EDWARD H. :mUME, M.D. President of Yale·in·China, Changsha, Hunan 1. Political Events: March 24th was a serious day for missionary developments in Ohina as unexpected attacks on missionaries and the property of missions in Nanking on that day, together with attacks on business men and consuls in the section of the city quite close to the Yangtze river, led to vigorous action on the part of 337 2

American and British naval authorities who fired on groups of Chinese attacking an American colony, causing some loss of life. Of American casualties, three have been reported. Rev. John E. Williams, D.D., vice-president of the University of Nanking and a member of the Presbyterian Mission, was shot and killed by an insolent Chinese soldier-entirely without excuse or provocation. Miss Anna Moffett, also of the Presbyterian board, a teacher, was wounded twice, but not seriously. Mr. Earl Hobart, Standard Oil manager, injured his foot because the rope broke by which he was being let down over the city wall. It is reported that three British and three French citizens were also killed. On the Chinese side, cablegrams from Shanghai indicate that the Nationalist commander-in-chief puts the losses at six killed and sixteen wounded. The seriousness of the situation does not lie, however, in the number of casualties, regret- table as these are, but rather in the fact that the attacks made by soldiers appear to have come from men wearing the uniform of the Nationalist army. The evidence indicates that the communist wing of the party had carried on a good deal of propaganda and had incited some of the soldiers to make the attacks. Another serious aspect of the situation is, of course, that the American ships were compelled to fire in order to protect the lives of American citizens. Many of the foreigners who were evacuated from Nanking that day testify that only the barrage from the American war vessels prevented a greater loss of American life. Others express the belief that the presence, both in Shanghai and at Nanking, of foreign military and naval force, irritated the radicals of the Nationalist army and led them to an attitude of defiance. Meanwhile General Chiang Kai-shek, the Nationalist commander-in-chief, has expressed deep regret for the incidents and has promised to start searching inquiries, agreeing also to punish those fOll,nd guilty and to indemnify the families of the foreigners who were killed or wounded. Similar utterances have been made by Mr. Eugene Chen, the Nationalist Minister of Foreign Affairs at Hankow. Naturally, however, the foreign military and naval authorities discount these assurances, since in the dissension between the right and the left wing of the Nationalist party, on several occasions the will of the moderate element has been disregarded by the extremists.

A noteworthy element in the situation is the restrained attitude of Japan. Baron Shidehara has been making every possible effort to avoid a show of force, and has approved the conduct of the Japa- nese officers at Nanking who went ashore unarmed, so as to avoid all cause for provocation. He has urged the Japanese to conduct themselves with restraint, realizing the value of good will between Japan and China. It is announced that Japan does not propose to ally herself with any concert of powers to issue ultimatums to China and to present demands for indemnity in connection with the Nanking

1~271 MISSIONS IN CHINA-TO-DAY AND TO-MORROW

losses. The attitude of the State Department at Washington has been similarly moderate.

From the missionary viewpoint, a very serious result of the Nanking episodes is that the American Minister in Peking, together with the consuls in many cities, has concluded that every precaution must be taken to avoid another similar clash with the Chinese and that, therefore, missionaries should be evacuated from large areas of China before there is further trouble. Cables received during the SHANGHAI PRE5SYTfRIAN ,._._…….,.. ….._.

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week of April 3 to 10 indicate that the senior missionary officers or councils have accepted these urgent recommendations of the consuls and that, as a result, the mission stations in Shantung, Chihli, and other northern provinces are being evacuated as a precautionary measure. The stations in the Yangtze valley, in Hunan and most of those in Fukien province had already been evacuated. A few missionaries have refused to leave their posts.

2. The Friendship of the Chinese: Amid all the welter of disturbance and the widespread outcry against foreign imperialism,

nothing is more reassuring than the continued friendship of the common people all over China. Instances of friendliness, even at the risk of life, are reported from many provinces. In Changsha when a missionary doctor was about to leave, a silk merchant called 011 him and begged him to remember that even if it were deemed expedient to withdraw to Shanghai for a time, he must come back soon, "for we are all your friends, and this trouble will not last long." From Szechuan in the west and from Foochow in the east, where feeling has run high, reports come that the people are genuinely friendly. In Chengtu, Szechuan, when a boycott of the West China University was attempted, friendly students and teachers brought food and supplies to the campus by night and made it wholly clear that the regard of the Chinese for the missionaries was as genuine as ever. The testimony of notable Chinese as to the work and significance of the missionary is overwhelming.

It becomes evident that in a few places the attacks on institutions have been the result of long-standing grudges, either against individuals 0'1' against some attitude in the institution that has rankled. Recent visitors to China express their belief that the missionary movement has meant more than words can tell. President Wilbur of Leland-Stanford University, who was in China during the winter reports: "A prominent Chinese when asked by me the source of the new social activities evident in Chinese life, told me that he could think of no single recent social advance in China which had not had its inception either from a mission or missionary or from some Chinese who had come in contact with Christian influence. "

Nothing is more stirring than the account of the loyalty of the girls at Ginling College during the disturbances at Nanking. One of them had a relative in the Nationalist army. 'When he learned of the attacks being started in the college area in Nanking, he immediately sent an armed detachment to surround the institution and to make possible the safe evacuation of the teachers and students. No widespread anti-missionary movement has occurred among the Chinese. '1'he withdrawal of large numbers of missionaries from their stations has been insisted upon only to avoid further armed clashes.

3. The Days .Ahead: Three things seem to stand out as essential in considering the future of missions in China-hope, adaptation, cooperation. Confidence in the Chinese people must be maintained. The Christian movement in history has thriven on opposition from its enemies. The Church has been purified, its members have been driven to greater reliance on our Master, its spirit has been purged, and its message has been clarified, by difficulty and by persecution. Many thoughtful Christian leaders in China today state that their contacts with leaders of the anti-Christian movement have shown how far the latter are from any spirit of deep-rooted animosity.

MISSIONS IN CHINA-TODAY AND TOMORROW

Many of them seem, rather, to be seeking to discover whether the message of Christianity is to be found in the spirit and life of Christ, in a body of dogma or in the external philanthropies and activities connected with the Christian movement. For the most part there is no opposition to Christ. There should be, therefore no loss of hope for the future of missions.

But the function of the foreign missionary in the future will be different. This has been admirably stated by Bishop Roots of Hankow, in China Christian Year Book for 1926 in an article entitled "The Changing Function of the Missionary.'" In the past the missionary has been director, leader, the maker of decisions, the planner and thinker for every type of Christian activity. That day has passed. The missionary will be wanted in the future, if he is humble, cooperative, ready to work under Chinese leadership, and more ready to surrender office than his Chinese colleagues are to have him do so. The great call is for the missionary to be a friend, a companion, an adviser, an interpreter of .Tesus. Whatever may have been·the contribution of the missionary in the past through his works, in the days to come his greater service will be to bring to the Chinese a spiritual message. If Jesus Christ is seen in his life, he will be wanted permanently. His work may be modified in many ways. The Chinese declare that mission schools must become a part of the national system, with a greater degree of Chinese leadership in administration and teaching. Foreign church workers must take their place with their Chinese colleagues, following the instructions of the councils of the Chinese Church.

In other words, it is anticipated by many students of the situation that the missionary movement in China must become even more than it has already become, a cooperative quest for spiritual reality, in which the Chinese Christian and the missionary from abroad will work side by side. More and more, the Oriental interpretations of Christ may enrich the knowledge of Him by Western Christians. '1'he Christ of the Chinese Road, like the Christ of the Indian Road, will deepen our understanding of the Universal Christ.

The Religious Situation in Mexico T HE basic factors in the religious situation in Mexico have not been altered since last September. The Naticmai Government in Mexico has maintained its decision to enforce the constitutional provisions concerning religious organizations anq their activities; the Roman Catholic Church has refused to obey the laws, particularly in regard to the registration of its priests, and has made demonstrations against the laws by the withdrawal of its priests from the churches, by an economic boycott, and by appeals to the R{)mRn Catholic Church in the United States for sympathy and support. The Protestant Mission Boards, without exception, have instructed their missionaries to obey the law and are carrying forward their work within constitutional limitations. The present laws affecting religious activities are extreme, but there is the hope that they may be modified later in a constitutional manner. President Coolidge has stated that the religious dispute in Mexico is a domestic issue and has refused to advise governmental action as urged by a certain portion of the Roman Catholic Church;

HALL, THE RELIGIOUS CENTER 1:1 THE IS,LAND OF G UA~I

all In this buildln~ a native school is cond ucted during the d !:'~ y, movies are t:;hown at night arul cllUl"I:h s~rvif'es al'e held on Sunday. Chaplain Hall is interested In of these.

A Home Missionary on the Foreign Field BY REV. COE IIAYNE. NEW YORK W HEN is a home missionary a foreign missionary1 Answer: when he is a chaplain to Americans in a foreign land. This is the experience of a home missionary, W. R. Hall, chaplain in the United States Navy, stationed at Guam, Marianas Islands, in the Pacinc Ocean. Guam, the largest of this group of islands, is approximately nve thousand miles west of San Francisco and fifteen hundred miles east of Manila. It was formerly a mission station of the American Board, but, at present, tbe Capuchin Fathers and this one missionary worker a I'e the only missionaries doing religious work among the natives., 'rh e Am erican Baptist Home Mission Society has granted Mr. Ha 11 assistance in the purchase of needed equipment.

Chaplain Hall, a regular Xavy chaplain, is head of the Department of Education in the Island government which is administered by the Navy, the captain being governor. There are three regular preaching services on Sunday, and personal work among the one thousand service men and their families. They are scattered in nine units, some of them more than twelve miles apart.

The Department of Education has oversight of twenty-four schools in which there are more than three thousand children. '1'here are one hundred and eighteen instructors and workers, and an expenditure of more than $50,000 every year.

342

the Treaties and the

BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS OF CONSTANTINOPLE T HE American Senate failed to ratify the proposed treaty with Turkey, althou.gh Americans in C~nstanti:t;J-ople, r~pres.en~ing all groups of mterests there–busmess, dIplomatIc, mISSlOnary, Christian Association, educational, and others-strongly urged ratification.. All classes of Americans resident in Turkey were prac- tically unanimous in this attitude. But why? Our missionaries in that land do not depend in the least, for their safety, or ability to carryon, or personal freedom, on the existence of such a treaty.

They have never asked or wished special favors. Nor do our mis- sionaries crave any extra-territorial rights, such as used to be guar- anteed by the treaties with China and Turkey and some other coun- tries. Neither is it true that a treaty with America is any protection to converts to Christianity from among the nationals of such coun- tries. The American Government has not assumed any protectorate over any such persons.

But the absence of a treaty puts all American residents in a posi- tion of being merely tolerated by the Turkish Government, without the same rights as those enjoyed by persons of French, British, Italian or other nationality. To be without any legal standing at all is not a fair position in which to leave American citizens, whatever their calling. The ordinary rights of humanity, the status of those of other foreign nationalities, is all that Americans in Turkey have been trying to secure.

Rear-Admiral Bristol has for more than eight years been acting as High Commissioner of the United States, but without America having ever recognized the Turkish Republic, or appointed him or anyone as its representative to the Turkish Government. Officially, he is a private citrzen in a country with which his own Government has no relations. Despite this handicap, he has succeeded to a re- markable degree in winning the confidence and trust of the Turkish officials; and now comes the word that he has made arrangements with the Turkish Foreign Minister, Tewfik Rushdi Bey, temporarily assuring America the most favored nation treatment, and paving the way for an, exchange of ambassadors at an early date. Thus the damage to the prestige of America caused by the failure of the Treaty to secure the two-thirds majority has been largely remedied, owing to the dignified and magnanimous attitude of the Turkish Govern- . . i '" I i":lWr ment.

It is noteworthy that the Turkish daily press with remarkable unanimity took the view that a permanent settlement had simply been unfortunately postponed, by the action of our Seullte, but that 3§'3

there was no reason for retaliatory measures, and that the friendship of the two countries rested assured. The newspapers recognized the fact that the Americans resident in Turkey had done all they could to secure the passage of the treaty, and were to be counted as friends, despite the failure. The'Turkish Government has consented to a prolongation for a year of the temporary commercial agreement, by which America is exempt from the law levying much higher customs duties on nations with whom Turkey has no treaty. The agreements now made through Admiral Bristol have also guaranteed the reestablishment of diplomatic and consular relations on a reciprocal basis.

What will be the effect of all this on missionary work7 In one sense, we may say, none whatever. But in fact, this work has now the assurance of being able to go on with a more friendly feeling on the part of the Angora authorities than would have been possible if no working agreement had been arrived at between the Governments. It has not seemed probable at any time within the past three years that missionary work would be seriously interfered with, or the missionaries told to leave, even though the treaty had failed entirely. For the past ten years, our missionary representatives there have been living and working without any treaty between their country and the Turks; and there has been steady progress in the work and the opportunities during the past three or four years. Treaty or no treaty, there is plenty to be done in the living of the example of Christ, and in the quiet personal contacts which explain the power of our Saviour through love and sympathy. But besides. all this, much has been and is being done through the very practical help of' the hospitals, three of which are functioning in Asia Minor, exhibiting the spirit of the Great Physician to thousands of the sick and alllicted. And now right on the heels of the happy issue of this negotiation by the genial Admiral, comes this telegram from the missionaries in Constantinople: "Embassy holds assurance medical permits Shepard, Dodd, Dewey, Nute. Admiral Bristol urges importance immediate utilization rights granted."

Here is an immediate and gratifying step forward. For four or five years, the Turkish Government has taken the attitude that, owing to the absence of any treaty relations with this country, no American could be allowed to take the examination for a license to practice medicine in Turkey; only those who held such licenses before the war could be permitted to practice, So that while British, French and Italian doctors, at least twenty of them, were granted permits, no Americans could apply. The four young physicians mentioned, all well qualified and all having learned Turkish, have been patiently waiting for several years for this opportunity which the Turk has now granted. This will mean new vigor for our undermanned hos-

TURKEY, THE TREATIES AND THE MISSIONARIES

pita]s, and possibly the reopening of one or two more which have been closed for lack of personnel.

The educational situation is encouraging, despite the steps toward the secularization of all schools which have been taken by the Government. It is the policy of the Turkish Government to make no distinctions between government-supported schools and those wholly supported by private enterprise; so that the rules for American schools, as for British or French, of which there are many in the country, are the same as for the schools set up and supported by the Government itself. And it is the settled policy of the present regime to make its schools as efficient as possible; and the leaders are convinced that one factor in keeping Turkish schools retrograde for so long was the domination of the clerical element, and the methods of Koranic teaching. It would be difficult to hold that they are wrong in this view; and they have therefore suppressed the teaching of the Koran in the Moslem schools; this must henceforth be done in the mosques instead, if at all. As a logical accompaniment of this step, the teaching of religion in all schools, Jewish and Christian as well as Moslem, has been forbidden; and the young Government points to the state school systems of France and the United States, as examples of the necessity and advantage of complete secularization of the educational branch. This step has necessitated a re-evaluation of the entire question of missionary education. "Vas it worth while to keep open schools in which the Bible could no longer be the backbone of the curriculum, as it originally was ~ Our missionary educators, after careful and prayerful consideration of the matter, came to the decision that rather than close all schools and secure no educational influence in the Republic, they would comply with the regulations of the Government and keep the schools going. The results are abundantly justifying the decision. Missionary schools are of course recognized as Christian schools; the influences there exerted are definitely Christian, in spite of the removal of religious teaching from the schedule.

With returning confidence on the part of the Government, there are fewer and fewer restrictions placed on our schools; while the Government itself, in place of discouraging parents from sending their children to us, has this year sent a large number of government pupils to our institutions. The more conservative newspapers have been carrying on a propaganda against the American schools, because of their influence over the students; and their testimonies have been interestingly frank and complimentary, and the attacks have served as good advertising. The increase in attendance is shown by a table that appeared in the Missionary Herald for April, which shows that while in 1923 there were 736 pupils in the mission schools, of whom 236 were Moslem, during the current year there are 1,257 pupils, of whom 919 are Moslem-or an increase of Moslem pupils from 32% to 73ro of the total attendance. Character-training is a matter of

personal contact more than it is of formal teaching; and the students in our schools today are getting what they could not possibly get anywhere else-the direct radiance of Christian lives through their teachers. And the increasing degree of freedom being granted in moral teaching, together with the official proclamation of total impartiality on the part of the Government in matters of religion, give reason for hope that present restrictions will not be permanent, but that little by little there may be a larger freedom, when it shall be proven that a Christian Turk can be as good a patriot as a Moslem Turk.

Regarding the general attitude of the people, a quotation from a recent letter is illuminating: "The new code provides for absolute freedom of conscience in the matter of religion. 'Propaganda' is prohibited, children are not to be proselytized, but persons over 18 years of age are perfectly free to adopt any religious beliefs they desire. And events seem to indicate that this freedom is an actual fact, and that the country is prepared to stand by it. Along with these developments we find a deep and sincere interest in things religious among many people. There are many who feel a need of religion in their personal life and in the life of the nation. They have not found that need satisfied in the more formal worship of older days. Nor are they seeking for another religion, another system, such as Christianity. Perhaps most of the younger generation have come to regard all religion as rather futile, not really worth bothering about. But yet there is idealism among them, eager desire to serve the nation, and in many a real longing for deeper communion with God, and spiritual power for their own lives. And when a talented young girl asks us how to keep the morning Quiet Hour, what are we to answer unless we are keeping it faithfully ourselves! What can we do to help them in the strengthening of their personal lives, and the building up of their nation into strong, useful, friendly participation in the family of nations? If they can see that Jesus Christ makes a real difl'erence now today in our lives, we feel sure that they will want His help in their own lives."

Another sidelight shows the attitude of the government officials toward Americans. Mr. Luther Fowle, Treasurer of the American Mission, returned to Constantinople March 5th from a visit to Angora. During his stay at the capital, he happily had. the opportunity to speak with the Prime Minister, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Health, the leading editorial writer, and half a dozen deputies. He reports that all these officials frankly indicated their good will toward the Americans in Turkey and commented on the correct and friendly efforts of these Americans in making known to the people at home the facts concerning the new political and social currents that are now governing this land. A step of great significance is the discontinuance of the special Court of Independence (a sort of civil court-martial) and a return to the normal procedures of civil law. The Treasurer was so fortunate as to be present in the Grand National Assembly when Ismet Pasha addressed that body on this question and won their vote of approval.

19271 TURKEY, THE TREATIES AND THE MISSIONARIES

Perhaps even more than the missionary institutions, the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. have had rough sledding in Constantinoplethe only point where they are trying to operate in Turkey today. Accused of disloyalty and of secret contravention of the laws, and forbidden to carryon their usual religious programs, because they did not even claim to be churches, they have more than once been threatened with being closed entirely. Yet today Turks frequent these Association halls more than ever before, and the accusations against the "Y" are heard less often and are less threatening. They have seen the usefulness of going right ahead showing the Christlike friendliness for the youth of the land which those youth get nowhere else. These institutions are both American also, and the present renewal of cordial relations between the Governments will be of help to them as to the missionaries.

Turkey needs the advice of experts in improving her agricultural and domestic life; and along these lines too the missionary has an approach to the Turk. There is not as yet anything so extensive to show as the work of Sam Higginbottom in India; but a beginning has been made in agricultural training at the International College at Syrma; and in several places individual missionaries have given their neighbors valuable assistance by example and by securing for them supplies for their farms. Every missionary home also is a social centre that helps, to varying degrees, in influencing the home life of those who call and watch. And many a missionary lady goes into the homes of her Turkish neighbors and helps them with suggestions about child training and hygiene. Such visits frequently lead to opportunities to speak a direct word for Jesus, which finds lodgment, God only knows how deep, and will bear its fruit, though without observation.

One of the most direct and noticeable opportunities for service today among the Turks is in the line of a Christian literature. Not the class of literature known a generation ago as Sunday-school books-most certainly-but of two kinds. In the first place, the 'l'urkish translation of the Bible is being revised, and better suited to the language of today than that made by Dr. Goodell and his colleagues. The Bible finds a steady sale among Turks, even as it is; hut this improved version will no doubt he more popular, and help them to understand.better the Book they have never understood, although they admit its divine origin. The other sort of literature stressed now is healthy, helpful books of various sorts with a distinctly high moral tone, though not labeled religious. The best seller among these is Dr. L. A. Shepard's "Health Talks," the first edition of which has been entirely exhausted and another is called for and will soon be ready. Tw; of the readers recently issued from our Publication Department have been adopted by a Turkish school as textbooks for their pupils; and several other recent pUblications are

meeting with a gratifying sale. The Turk is reading as never before; and he wants to have something better than the French novel or its translation.

In this connection, interesting and hopeful word comes regarding a reading-room opened about five years ago as an experiment by the missionaries, on the great central avenue of the old quarter of Stamboul, for Turks. The place was at first under a sort of suspicion, many thinking it a propagandist centre and deserving suppression. It has, however, steadily grown in the appreciation of the public, and has now over five hundred regular patrons, beside many others as casuals. Nine Turkish dailies, nine American periodicals, and twentyfive or more Turkish weekly and monthly magazines are on file; and aside from consultation books, there are also nearly three hundred used as a circulating library, representing law, literature, philosophy, sociology, history, religion, science, ethics, and other lines. The regular attendants include lawyers, doctors, engineers, retired government officials, judges, and professors and students in the University and in a lycee or high school near by. An urgent request has come from women that they be given similar privileges; but for the present it seems best, especially owing to the large number of young men who frequent the room, to limit its use to men. Could a similar work be undertaken for women and girls, the attendance would no doubt be still larger from the very start. This reading room is being used as a centre for conversations with the missionaries, who come there to meet those who wish to have personal talks on vital subjects.

This is a critical time for the Turks; for they have thrown away so much that they used to consider essential in their religious life, and something must take its place. The Moslem theological seminaries have all been closed up; the Dervish orders have been forbidden to conduct their religious exercises; the sacred graves of saints have been padlocked; the Koran has been shut out of the schools; polygamy, though allowed by the Koran, is forbidden; and the age-long seclusion of women is being made impossible, by the forcible removal of the veils and the partitions. Faith in the whole system has been shaken, and the Turks are inquiring what next. Many are studying into vital Christianity-not the churches, but the life and words of Jesus, the Messiah. "And who knoweth whether thou art come to the kingdom for such a time as this 1" These words may prove as prophetic today as they did in the days of Esther; and it is with this hope that the missionaries take new courage from the increasing opportunities given them through the growingly friendly attitude of the Turkish Government.

at Home, That Hinder

Abroad * BY MRS. F. F. LINDSAY, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Vice-President of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE conditions in the Church at home, which hinder the cause of foreign missions may be fairly characterized as ignorance, indifference, critical disapproval, unwillingness to assume responsibility, and a distinct hesitancy in responding to financial appeals.

Since the missionary motive is implicit in: the Church, one concludes that serious fault must lie in the working plans and methods of the Church, or at least, that these do not lend themselves, either adequately or successfully, to promotional activities along missionary lines.

This statement is not intended as a criticism of either pastors or church members. It is simply a citation of facts with which any student of present-day conditions must concern himself. Weare passing through some strange and startling experiences. As a nation we entered the world war to help "make the world safe for democracy." Now we are confronted with a larger, more difficult task, that of making democracy democratic.

As a Christian Church we have been engaged for a century or more in sending Christianity to the pagan nations of the world. Now a rude awakening comes to us, as these self-same folk show us conclusively that the real task of the Church is to make Christianity Christian.

Have we, in these two experiences, a criterion that enables us to understand conditions in the Church which hinder or thwart missionary procedure? Does the Church need to be democratized1 Does the Church need to be Christianized?

For generations the Church has maintained that its principal function is prophetic utterance! The prophet's influence and authority have rested upon the assumption that his message was of divine inspiration. And now the people have grown accustomed to the message!

They see only small results accruing, and with new demands upon their time, due to countless intriguing innovations, they go unmoved upon their individual ways. The pastor's time is filled to overflowing with the preparation and delivery of his message and with the harrassing demands of modern life. He looks on with perplexed and • An addre•• delivered at the Atlantic City Foreign Missions Conference, January 17, 1927.

349

troubled mien at Sunday services that are no longer commandbg in influence, and at a Lord's Day that is losing its sanctity.

But in spite of all, the Church continues to expend ninety pel' cent of its effort, its time and money on the tradition-honored method of pulpit presentation, entirely regardless of the fact that the great problem of the Church at present is not how to create emotion and inspiration, important and necessary as those are, but how effectively to translate those moral and spiritual assets into action.

The message may be very vital, wonderfully scholarly, and Spirit-filled, but if there is no corresponding Spirit-imbued plan for putting into immediate practice the truths presented from the pulpit, then the whole Christian system breaks down. A congregation or church membership whose only concerted action relates itself to a financial campaign, which has no recognition of the duty of corporate Christian service, is unworthy the name of a church. It is just here, where the prophetic leaves off and the application of the message is supposed to begin, that we are without adequate leadership and organized expression.

It is in dealing with childhood and youth, in the homes, the public school, the community, in all this great and significant realm of religious, civic and industrial beginnings, that the Church, while claiming to occupy the field, finds its working plans entirely inadequate.

The missionary undertaking, like the moral and spiritual training of youth, lies in this "No-Man's Land" of the Church! The investment of initiative and responsibility in one man, which has been of natural and logical growth in the past, manifests itself in connection with the missionary enterprise in a very definite way. The promotional and educational lines extend from the Boards, down through secretaries and pastors, to the local church. In the very nature of the case the duties and responsibilities of the pastor preclude the possibility of his becoming a promoter, in any large way, for the various benevolent activities of his denomination. The local need demands most of his time and his best efforts. As the church is at present constituted, the demand upon the pastor that he shall be agent, representative and chief executive for the benevolent boards of his communion forms one of the greatest hindrances to the adequate promotion of missionary interest.

This brings me to the main point of my presentation. The Church needs to be democratized. In far too much of our current vocabulary the" Church" connotes the clergy! It must, in a Wholly new sense, come to mean the laity as well. In a little booklet on "Democratic Christianity" by one of our most trusted leaders, I read these words: "The church does not belong to men until they feel that its program is their program, and that they can-have some part in shaping the program. It

CONDI'l'IONS AT HOME THAT HINDER WORK ABROAD 3

will not suffice to approach a class of men with the sweeping statement that the church belongs to all men. The church must be more concrete, more specific. "

A way should be found t9 bring the laity into a definite and sustained participation in church work.

There is need of distinct separation between the promotional and administrative supervision of applied Christianity, of which missionary endeavor is a part, and the basic work of prophecy or preaching. An adequate organi'zation should be effected, the sole purpose of which should be the training and use of the laity, not only in local and community activities but also in the direction of the world-wide activities of the Church.

This lay organization should be connected through official lay channels with the great Boards of the Church and receive plans from them and report progress to them. It should be both promotional and administrative in its scope.

A "spoon-fed" laity will not meet the requirements in this day of world needs. Challenging tasks must be assigned to them, responsibilities great enough to command their respect and attention must be given them and they must be made to understand that the task assigned is theirs alone, and that none other will assume it.

All this presupposes on the part of the church leaders a clear perception that "prophetic utterances" are valueless unless immediately and visibly expressed in terms of action; that appeals calculated to stir the emotions are demoralizing unless such emotions find a channel at hand for logical and natural expression. It presupposes finally a recognition of the fact that responsibilities placed upon the laity will result eventually in opening reservoirs of power, ability and finances hitherto unreached.

Representing as I do a lay missionary organization which has been in successful operation for fifty-seven years, during which time it has made a consistent advance, I speak with confidence when I say that if the Church is to meet the exacting conditions of the present, the laity of the Church must be definitely organized and given a place in its councils. When a lay organization is effected, that shall have promotional and administrative functions, I believe that we may confidently expect certain outstanding results to accrue.

1. A new day of spiritual power will dawn in the Church. Confronted by a world task of immeasurable consequence, laymen will be forced to their knees for wisdom and guidance. Learning to pray they will learn to serve, and sacrifice.

2, A wide dissemination of missionary facts and knowledge will almost certainly follow.

3. There will be a growing intimacy between the missionaries on the field and their supporters at home. Similarly, increased interest in the foreign projects of the Church will be noted.

4. Finally, a large increase in volunteer workers may be expected.

The Church must be Christianrzed, if Christianity is to be Christianized. Since the Oriental world is beginning to look to Jesus as the only hope of the nations, while it is refusing the Christ of our creeds and churches and turning the search-light on to the so-called Christian nations, we have no choice but to look the whole situation fairly in the face. If we are really to Christianize all our contacts, we must begin at the beginning-at the local church in the community. A conquering church means a clergy revitalized and filled with the sacrificial spirit. It means a laity trained, enthused, willing to assume responsibility, willing to serve in any capacity and willing to give sacrificially.

A CREED FOR MISSIONARY SOCIETIES 1. We believe that we are coworkers together with God. 2. We believe that there should be a missionary society in every church organization. S. We believe the church is a missionary organization, therefore every member should be a member of the missionary society also. 4. We believe that our Lord expects both men and women to do their part in the spreading of the Gospel, as His instruction was to " go, " "tell. " 5. We believe this responsibility should rest equally upon aU Chris- tians, not upon a small portion. 6. We believe that eaeh member should have a moral responsibility regarding financial matters, in the prompt payment of dues, pledges and free-will offerings. 7. We believe that in order to give loyal adherenee to the plans of work provided by those in authority, we must be informed in regard to the needs of the fields and the results already accom- plished. 8. We believe that there is no better way to obtain this information than to subscribe for missionary magazines and read them; also other literature on missions. 9. We believe that our workers and their work should be faithfully remembered in our prayers, and that prayer calendars are an efficient aid to that end. 10. We believe that through earnest prayer and thorough knowledge of conditions, the gifts to the treasury will be largely increased.

-By MARY A. VALE, in The Home Mission Month1;y.

Country Community and the

Church* BY MALCOLM DANA, D.D., NEW YORK CITY Director of the Town and ,country Department of the Congregational Ohurch Extension Boards T HE FIELD. The word "community" now-a-days implies a certain rurbant relationship, spoken of by such men as Paul Douglas, Luther Frye and Dr. Galpin. The village or town, for example, may constitute a legal community. But it is not the actual community. Small centers, and larger ones as well, are merely service stations for open country areas which can be more or less clearly defined. The small town business man, perhaps unconscious- ly, thinks of his community in terms of the "trade-zone" and is always trying to enlarge that area of patronage. As a member of the local Board of Trade he also tries to show the villagers and country folk that their interests are in common and that neither could exist for any length of time without the other. He finds it quite a task to develop a mutual consciousness of this rurban relationship and to produce a corresponding sense of loyalty. It is done only as the man from the country is made to feel a real ownership in the institutions at the center by being given a representation and participation in their management. Only thus does he come to think and say" my high school, my library, my store and my church. " The retired farmer is often termed "a tight-wad" because he does not show any apparent interest in community affairs. The fact is he never WaS taught the community game .while he yet lived .on the farm. Nor has the townsman always had at heart the real interests of the country people whom he lures to the center for social, ec&homic and other priv-ileges. :,', It is absolutely'essenthiLto the efficiency of th€ rural church that it recognize its rurbant relationship since "only that village or town church will live that buttresses itself up by a strong country work. " The country minister should never think of himself as called to minister to a parish limited by the confines of a village or town.

Both he, and his church with him, are bound to serve over an area, with special obligations toward all peoples of the countryside. There are those who claim that the consolidated school spells the ultimate fate of the open country church. If that be so, then the church at the center must all the more meet its rurban obligations,. For it is • A keynote address delivered at the joint session of the Home Missions Council and the Councll or Women for Home Missions, in Philadelphia, January. 1927. t A term Signifying a. rural town, an area containing a rural town, or a village and its adjacent countrysIde, 353 3

the folks of the open country who will be compelled to come in long distances to the consolidated church, and they are likely to prove faithful in the proportion that attention is shown them where they live. As far out as the enterprising village tradesman goes to solicit business, so far out the church must go with pastoral oversiglit and religious privilege, for it still bides true that" a house-going minister makes a church-going people. " And therein lies a tragedy! Farmstead visitation and open country serving are the most neglected forms of ministerial and church work.

The Force-The rural church is not only a field, it is a force. A modern practical age is more wont to think of it as a force than a field. Ecclesiasticism, on the other hand, is credited with caring for the church primarily as an institution. The times are exceedingly utilitarian, and they are quite apt to measure the worth of the church by the same methods which are used in valuing other community institutions. Harlow S. Mills seems to estimate the church that way in his delightful little book "The Making of a Country Parish." He 'appears to think of the church as a means rather than an end and as only one among many other community institutions. As such it must be willing to abide any tests of usefulness. The church: is not to ask favors because it is rated as holy. Indeed, one of its greatest missions is to demonstrate that holiness by virtue of a real impact made upon every last man, woman and child in the community whether they are in the church or not, for or against, and whatever be their race, color or religion. The church must be a genuine service institution, serving all of the people, all of their interests, and all of the time. It must do this over the entire rurban community. By doing so it will prove that it really is the best institution in the community, and it will be the last one any person will wish to see move out. For it will have become" a felt necessity. "

Few country churches have become such a force in so wide a field. I am convinced, however, that thousands of rural ministers and churches wish to be. But a situation in which both find themselves forbids it.

An Indictment-What impact has the country church as a whole made upon the countryside 1 Facts and figures will not be to our liking. The country over, the ·rural church has not measured up to its opportunity or the tragic need. It is not doing so today. This fact concerns Home Mission Boards for the failure is most largely that of Protestantism. Father Edwin V. O'Hara cites the Roman Church as probably seventy-five per cent urban and the Protestant Church as .seventy-five per cent rural. Incidentally, the Catholic Extension Society is assisting in the consolidation of parishes which, with other experimentation, marks a new departure in its rural church administration. The move to consolidate parishes into larger units is in harmony with the trend of rural organization.

THE OOUNTRY COMMUNITY AND THE COUNTRY CHURCH

The tragedy of quoting statistics is that we have become so hardened to them that they make no apparent impression. Allowing for a wide margin of fallibility, they present a terrific indictment. The Institute of Social and Religious Research is sponsor for certain figures which appear in "Empty Churches" written by Dr. C. J. Galpin of the United States Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Dr. Galpin suggests there that it is generally supposed that country people are intensely religious and inveterate church-goers. Yet the figures reveal the fact that after one hundred and twenty-five years of preaching and evangelizing only one-fifth of them go to church. rrhere are, roughly speaking, seventy-two thousand communities in the town and country areas of the United States. Thirty-three thousand of them, or forty-two per cent, have churches but no resi- (.lent pastors. Seven out of ten have only a fraction of a minister apiece, and it would require thirty-four thousand additional ministers, each giving full time to his work, to provide a minister for every pastorless community. And the wrong is largely against the open country! Seventy-eight out of every hundred town churches have resident pastors whereas only seventeen out of every hundred country churches have them. Two-fifths of the one hundred thousand town and country churches are standing still or losing ground and only one half of them are making a ten per cent gain yearly.

This is not all or the worst of it! The country is. the place of children. There are two and a half million more children in the country than in the cities. Or, to quote Dr. Galpin, there are four million more children in the thirty-two million of folks living on the farms than in any like bloc of city people anywhere. Yet one-fourth <Jf the rural churches have no Sunday-schools. One million six hundred thousand children live in communities without them and two million seven hundred and fifty thousand more children do not go to Sunday-school for other reasons. Twenty-seven million of all the children in the land are not in Sunday-school and seven out of ten of them get no religious instruction at all. The average Protestant child receives probably less than twenty-four hours of such schooling from one end of the year to the other. This means that four million farm children are virtually pagan and without knowledge of God and that youth is going to the cities pagan from homes which were once pious and godly. Dr. Galpin is certainly right in his conclusion that Bible illiteracy ranks as a problem with book illiteracy and that as great unanimity must be shown in rooting it out as is shown in the efforts to eradicate book illiteracy.

A. Primary Cause-It is not pleasant to quote such figures I And yet, in my judgment, they ought to be quoted and requoted until they register in our minds, hearts and wills and we proceed to grapple seriously with a situation which can be remedied.

Why does this situation exist over the American countryside?

The answer is not hard to find. Such a deplorable state of affairs is due to the two great sins of Protestantism-over-churching and u?1der-churching, the latter being most often a consequent of the first. I remember that it was admitted by the participants in six interdenominational Every Community Service Visitations, made under the tuition of the Home Missions Council, that the situation is most largely due to a home missionary policy which has persisted throughout the years whereby the various denominations have been wont to rush in pell-mell, all together, to occupy" strategic centers" to the general neglect of open country areas where there was little prospect of early "self-support" or where the work might be a missionary charge to the end of the chapter. Religious competition is always self-ce1ltered and churches engaged in a competitive struggle for existence seldom put Kingdom interests first. Surveys made pretty much all over the country show that where there is congestion of religious privilege there is nearly always a corresponding lack of any concern for the open country.

The cure for this situation is perfectly evident. During the above mentioned Home Mission Council surveys it was frankly said Ly most, if not all of the denominational representatives, that "we have not men or money enough to finish work already begun." Then the hope of evangelizing the neglected areas of rural America lies in freeing both money and men fr{)m over-churched centers to serve where there is no religious privilege at all. A policy of fewer and better churches might well be the practice of the denominations represented in the Home Missions Council and the Council of ,Vomen for Home Missions.

The General Situation–Let us now come to grips with a general situation quite characteristic of the common countryside. And I shall not lessen the force of major ominous conditions by citing more pleasant ones.

A recent book, "American Villages," written by Luther Frye, reveals the fact that during the past twenty-eight years or more the towns have gained almost as rapidly as have the cities and if immigration be discounted they have been im increasing factor in the sum total of rural populations. It is all the more important, therefore, that ways and means be devised whereby these rural centers can come into their own. Villages and towns are, however, with numerous exceptions, unattractive, and have been steadily losing out in business competition with the cities. A profitless agriculture makes the future look darker and more unpromising. Such places can hardly be expected to be proud of themselves or the country to glory in its own rural institutions. There may be a dawning copsciousness that old days are gone forever and that any comeback must be along new lines. But it is not easy, as Lloyd George suggested at the close' of the war, to "cease harking back to good

THE COUNTRY COMMUNITY AND THE OOUNTRY CHURCH

old times and get (J, new day." The small town is overdone economi- cally and an outworn theory that "competition is the life of trade" has resulted in a duplication of like kinds of businesses. This false economy has also gone over into religion. The latter is highly com- petitive and methods are used there which high grade doctors, lawyers, bankers and business men no longer tolerate in their pro- fessional relations with each other. Robbing a bank is a crime. Stealing church members and even churches is often taken for re- ligious enterprise. Amidst a drab environment the church buildings are often drabber still and not structures of which the community has most right to be proud. It often appears little short of an insult to me that the Almighty is asked to meet His people in such churches. Few churches have real programs which, together with their build- ings and equipments, are directly related to community needs and opportunities revealed by a careful and painstaking survey of both.

This is the consummate tragedy! The struggle to perpetuate themselves on the part of competing churches is at the expense of the community and not for its bettermeDt and religion itself is a divisive rather than a unifying influence. Churches envy each other's successes rather than rejoicing over them. Nor is this the most pathetic circumstance! The support of too many churches is not merely unbusiness-like and a wrong use of sacred funds. It taxes those who are least able to give of their resources of time, labor and money, making religion a burden rather than a joy. Business men are embittered and alienated. Wanting trade from all the churches, they cannot go down on the subscription list of the church of their own preference. They must give to everyone of them. Again, a competitive struggle for existence cripples both ability and willing- ness to give to benevolences. Many an apparently over-churched community might not be that if the churches would systematically care for the open country. But competition tends to destroy any felt obligation to do this. Statistics show that the tenant farmer is unreached in almost the exact proportion of his numbers and that the farm-owner is equally neglected. A noted specialist declares that Protestantism has no program for the new-American but "detours round him." Finally, too many churches perpetuate groups which are too small to function effectively. There is not genius or leadership enough in anyone of these churches to maintain an ideal worship, to conduct an efficient religious education program, or to lead out in a satisfactory social service. Such churches do not attract or hold modern youth or the masculine. They are not "going concerns." It is true that figures Miss Hooker, author of "United Churches," gave me quite recently seem to indicate that several churches in a community will often enroll a larger total membership in churches and Sunday-schools than will one or two. But when

it comes to community service she naively remarked-" they are fighting units."

Such conditions are all the more disastrous because of the great agrarian problem confronting America. The latter has largely to do with the preservation of a sufficient population upon the soil. Machine farming and scienti:fic agriculture are demanding fewer and fewer people on the land so that the task becomes one of quality rather than mere quantity. And the chief function of the country church has always been that of producing a high quality in rural peoples. Even so, there never was a time, in my judgment, when the rural church had such an opportunity to become again "center" and "central" as right now. To this end, therefore, ruinous competition must be done away with so that the church of the countryside may command a ministry which will rank with the educated farmer, so that it can afford equipment which will compare with modern machinery upon the land, and so that it can practice a technic which will, be abreast of that used in scientific agriculture. Union efforts make this possible. Recent surveys show that two hundred and twenty-seven federated churches in one hundred and seventynine villages have resident pastors as over against thirty-five in non-union efforts, and that ministerial salaries double where there are two as over against four churches. Forty-three thousand dollars was gained for benevolences by sixteen federations.

But after all, this is the fact that should burn itself into our minds, hearts and consciousness: Over-churching is not merely wrong. It perpetuates an impossible situation, absolutely preventing anyone of too many churches from doing a creditable piece of work for the Kingdom.

These conditions have also vitally to do with the "youth question." Young people are deserting the country partly because of a lack which stronger, better and more interesting churches might supply. Youth is leaving the churches, or is not found in them, because it increasingly hates all sham and detests sectarian rivalries. It might be well for us to consider a warning recently uttered by a religious education specialist, himself a middle-aged man, who affirmed that the church is essentially an adult institution seeking to impose its own grown-up ideas and ways upon a youth of clearer vision, more catholicity, and equal convictions with itself. The conditions have also to do with recruiting for the Gospel Ininistry. The latter is made difficult because the young man and young woman know their home town through and through. These young people are as ready to respond to the heroic as ever. But what of the heroic is there in the religious atmosphere of the town or village to challenge them Y If the young man gets as far as the seminary or the religious training school is it any wonder that he prefers to volunteer for foreign missionary service rather than to remain in the homeland

THE COUNTRY OOMMUNITY AND THE COUNTRY CHURCH

with its competitive religion1 Hosts of young folks are going to the agricultural colleges and are the very ones who should return to the country. They are fitting themselves, apparently, for every other kind of leadership except the religious. And why1 Many frankly say that they do not consider the rural ministry a man-sized job and that the work of the county agent, the farm bureau representative, and the home economic specialist, has more of religious opportunity in it than the Christian ministry under small town conditions. These young folks are not hesitating to adopt the country as a field for their life work. They propose going there as apostles of cooperation and not as agents of non-economic competition and un-Christian sectarianism.

Frustrated Desires-It will doubtless surprise the readers of Miss Hooker's book "United Churches" to find only nine hundred and seventy-seven such churches listed in the town and country areas of the northern and western states. Those who are unfavorable to the att.empts of churches to come together into larger units will probably cite this as a proof of exaggeration on the part of friends of the movement. The conclusion is not warranted! Miss Hooker enumerates, in four classes, only those churches which are united in fact rather than in name. For example, she finds the hard-worked expression "community church" employed in at least six senses. She also excludes from her study areas which contain forty or fortyfive per cent of the town and country churches of America. And, after all, nine hundred and seventy-seven united churches, or almost one per cent of the town and country churches as a whole, is not a bad showing when it is considered that most of those unions have been started within the last dozen years. Nor does the enumeration take cognizance of the numberless places where a union of church forces is right now being agitated and which is certain to result in a rapid increase in the above numbers.

If anything is to be made of the seemingly small number of united churches it constitutes a story of frustrated desires. I cannot recall ever having been in an over-churched community where there had not been one or more efforts to remedy the situation. But desires had been set at naught and bitter feelings had resulted. The fault was often with the churches themselves. The people of the countryside can stop over-churching whenever they will by absolutely refusing to pay for it. But there are folks who care more to "run the church" than they do for Kingdom interests. It is surpassing s,trange, too! For they know perfectly well that feeble, struggling, poorly equipped and indifferently led churches can never hope to do anything but a mediocre work. Again, the fact that properties which were bought and paid for by the people themselves were vested in outside ecclesiastical organizations gave every advantage to opposition. Difficulties, manufactured or realt endless inaction and

ceaseless red-tape, produced a weariness and discouragement which finally gave up in despair. But more often outside and partisan ecclesiastical interference defeated efforts looking toward closer cooperation or federation. Kingdom interests were again sacrificed. Heavy burdens and grievous to be borne were fastened upon faithful folks who really deplored and even hated religious competition. Each church was obliged to continue to limit the efficiency of every other rendering it impossible for anyone of them to do a work worthy of the name of the Lord. Here again, how different is the story of united churches I With them numbers grow, and enthusiasm is bred by numbers, adequate equipment and able leadership. There is a felt ownership of the church enterprise and a sense of personal responsibility for it. People come to think in terms of the community and not those of organization.

The Overhead-The overhead expense is often much criticized. Is the criticism just? "llat really is the attitude of those who have officially to {io with the churches, especially of those next to them1 Personal fellowship between officials in closest touch with the churches is always enjoyable. But I wonder if a "thus far and no farther" atmosphere does not often prevail in such gatherings preventing a fearless consideration of sectarian sins affecting the real welfare of the Kingdom. There is not always entire frankness and sincere trust, nor are all the cards laid upon the table. Certain ones are fearful lest someone "put something over" to their denominational disadvantage. Others feel that this or that official is playing the game because he has to, and that "he will stand watching." Accusations are made, openly or in private, and frequently backed by cases, to the effect that some denominational representative went into a team-play with selfish motives, took an unfair advantage, or did not live up to his agreements. Such feelings and recriminations are unworthy of co-workers under God!

The "old guard" made up of those who cannot see virtue in any communion save their own is steadily diminishing. An increasing number of officials frankly admit the utter futility and sinful waste of religious competition. Inter-denominational efforts are being made, particularly in New England, to mitigate such evils. Ecclesiastical pronouncements in this direction are increasing. Nevertheless, these facts remain j Those who deal directly with the churches have not yet gotten rid of a subtle fear that if they report a loss of churches to their superiors they will somehow be demoted. Despite official declaration of the top over-bead, and the comity pronounc.ements of these two Councils, they are still afraid to believe that the test of good superintendency and ideal presiding eldership consists in a militant passion for giving up churches wherever such action is for the glory of God and the advancement of his Kingdom. Nor has the pressure from the top yet convinced them that they should

THE COUNTRY COMMUNITY AND THE OOUNTRY CHURCH

be equally active in helping to eliminate self-supporting churches in highly competitive fields.

The Way O~d-This seems perfectly plain. It lies in the direction of an inter-denominational team-play ready and willing to sacrifice and put Kingdom interests first. The sin of Protestantism is not one of ignorance but of wilful persistence in the face of known or easily ascertainable facts. For example, it is perfectly well known how large an area and how many folks can reasonably be expected to support one church and pastor. These two Councils two years ago put the number of people at one thousand! If the denominational leaders were willing, and refractory churches would let them, it would be entirely possible to sit down tomorrow and work things out. Just as was done around the table at Versailles, only for purposes of giving and not getting maps, figures and facts could be assembled and statesmanlike allocations, reciprocal exchanges, and denominational and ,inter-denominational y'okings devised, which would cort;lpletely do away with over-churching. In so doing, no denomination would suffer any lack of opportunity, prestige or financial loss. On the contrary, better pieces of work would be done and monies would be freed for a larger benevolence. And more to the point, vast areas and classes of folks yet unreached in so-called Christian America would no longer be neglected through the lack of money and men. Every last man, woman and child in the land might thus be given religious privilege.

Are we willing to do iU The desire of country folk for larger and more efficient churches is growing and achievements in this direction are inevitable. And it wiII be worse than a tragedy if such church federations shall be effected in spite of officialdom and not because of it, or in a bitter spirit of revolt against "ecclesiastical domination. " Churches should be able to look upon their denominationalleaders as friends to whom they can come for impartial advice 'lnd counsel. They should find these leaders willing to help and not hinder the majority mind of the community in getting the kind of religious privilege it really wants and can consistently pay for. Friendly guidance is necessary, for there are good ways and bad ways of coming together. There are superior and inferior forms of cooperation and federation. And all union efforts should be consummated decently and in order. To such ends, therefore, the officials next to the churches must know that sacrifice of churches is to be more and more expected at their hands and that its reward will never be aught but "well done."

Proposals-It is altogether probable that denominations will continue to exist for a long time to come. There is a consequent necessity for a perfected team-play between them. During the war every company in the A. E. F. strove to make itself the crack company and to surpass every other in efficiency and in military dis-

cipline. But this was not really the ultimate aim! It was to be done so that the United States might have the finest army the world had ever seen and so win the war. And when the battle was joined the army knew no division. Even so, Dr. Galpin declared not long ago that 011e stage in the modern religious movement was passed and that anothRr was at hand. The first was signalized by the amassing of data by the Institute of Social and Religious Research and kindred organizations sufficient to lead the Ohurch of Jesus Ohrist out of its dilemma.. The demand now is for folks aflame with the passion of a Paul who will use both this technic and the accumulated findings. Dr. Galpin said further that "when the Allies in the late war came to their senses and found that their struggle was not a rope pull, nor a barbecue, but a life and death struggle, they elected Foch to give universality of will to the cause."

A similar universality of will must be given to the religious enterprise if the rural church is to evangelize the countryside. Last October the New Yark Times headlined what it termed was a most notable gathering of some hundred ministers and laymen who assembled at the Roosevelt Hotel to consider no less a subject than "A Union of Churches by the Abolition of All Doctrinal Differences." That theme is to be further discussed .at a meeting of the World Conference on Faith and Order at Lausanne, Switzerland, next August. In my judgment, such an attainment is ideal, but it lies in the remote future. I would suggest the following as being more immediate in its possibilities as well as having the absolute right on its side: (1) That the Oomity Oommittee of the Home Missions Oouncil and Oouncil of Women for Home Missions, together with the two Executive Secretaries of these Oouncils, be empowered to bring together a meeting of the highest officials of the denominations represented in these two Oouncils, to consider thoroughly the over-churched and under-churched conditions throughout the land, whether of home missionary or self-supporting churches, for the purpose of devising some immediate and comprehensive plans for freeing men and money from congested areas to be used in the yet unserved American countryside: (2) That this committee be requested to call into cooperation the personnel, method and data of the Institute of Social and Religious Research, the Research Bureau of the Federal Council of Ohurches of Ohrist in America, and kindred agencies, to assist in planning this enterprise: (3) That the committee secure agreement of the above mentioned high officials to put into effect an immediate and concerted instruction to those in closest touch with the churches, and through whom adjustments must be made, whereby they shall be urged to lend every encouragement and assistance to all movements having

THE COUNTRY COMMUNITY AND THE COUNTRY CHUR.CH

in mind a wise cooperation or federation of churches and peoples into larger units and shall know that such doing will receive high merit at the hands of their superiors: (4) That the committee be instructed to take immediate steps to inaugurate a militant campaign of education for the instruction of peoples and churches in the needs and advantages of Christian people coming together into larger church units, and to help them in adopting the best forms of union and the wisest methods of securing the same: (5) That the committee consider the possibilities of securing an inter-denominational endowment or subsidy fund to be used in carrying the Gospel to people and churches in neglected and unserved areas and for purposes of supporting such a work which may always oe a missionary charge and therefore too heavy a burden for anyone denomination to bear alone..

(6) That the Comity Committee be authorized, either collectively or individually, to attend the next annual meetings of the various denominations represented in these Councils for the purpose of presenting and securing approval of the above suggestions: (7) That the following goal be set and the slogan adopted by these two Councils-stronger and better town and country churches and religious privilege for every unreached person in the American countryside within the next five years.

Conclusion-Here is a magnificent challenge and a program of endeavor which will certainly meet the needs of the country com· munity and permit the country church to reach its ideal objectives.

If By Any Means We May Save Some BY LUCIE G. OWIEN, LONDON, ENGLAND EVERY nation, every society and every individual, before start- ing any fresh work, naturally spends time weighing the best means of approach. To the Christian, this is peculiarly true for, although knowledge of former success in Christian work greatly helps, yet how often local conditions call forth entirely new and untried methods.

Workers of the American Bible Society in Manila in the Philippine Islands find themselves peculiarly situated.

On every hand are crowds of young life anxious to learn and crowding into universities, hospitals and similar institutions.

In Manila, the Bible Society has established a work, offering the one thing needful, the Word of God, so essential to young life, but neglected and forbidden to these ardent Roman Catholics.

At length, a plan was decided on by the Bible Society which, under God, has been much blessed.

1. A one-eighth page advertisement was inserted in one weekly English magazine for eight months.

2. This advertisement brought forth four thousand replies. To each one who answered was sent a small Gospel of John. In this little volume was inserted the following "Foreword" on a separate slip: This little book, taken from the Bible, is published separately in the hope that the reading of even this small portion of God's Word may strengthen the reader in his or her life's purpose.

The entire Bible, or its parts, such as the Old Testament and the New Testament, is published by us in all languages and main Philippine dialects. Catalog on request.

AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY 636 Isaac PeraI, Manila 3. A month later everyone of these four thousand received a letter and also" Suggestions to Bible Readers" and" Great Men on the Greatest Book. "

The letter, printed on Bible Society stationery was (in part) as follows: To Gospel of John readers; The Gospel of John is a great book, is it not f Here are a few facts which may interest you: This Gospel was written by the Apostle John, "the disciple whom Jesus loved," about ninety years after the birth of Jesus and sixty years after His death and resurrection. John knew Jesus while Jesus was on earth and was a very old man when he wrote this Book. It is a part of the Holy Bible, which is God's message to men through His Spirit. The rest of the New Testament and the Old Testament contains beautiful messages from God and Jesus just as this one book does. As you continue reading the Book, you will surely see as many others have seen, that the Gospel of John is more than human-that it is indeed divine (holy).

We hope you will continue to read this little book and try to follow its teachings, learning more and more of Jesus and His Word. If you have in your mind any questions concerning the teaching of the Gospel of John, or of any part of the Bible, we shall be pleased to answer them for you to the best of our ability.

Some of the "Suggestions" enclosed with this letter are as follows: FOOD FOR MIND AND HEART Read these Famous Chapters: The greatest Sermon: Matthew 5-7. A Midnight Talk: John 3. He Took our Place Isaiah 53. Eyes Opened: John 9. Ten Commandments: Ex. 20; Matt. 22: 36. The Way of Death: Provo 7; Rom. 1. Full ConfeRsion; Psalm 51. Free Mercy to All; Isaiah 55. The Larger Life: I Corinthiar:s J5. Heaven and Hell; Revelation 19-22. Bless the Lord: Psalm 103.

IF BY ANY MEANS WE MAY SAVE SOME

MEDICINE FOR SPECIFIC COMPLAINTS: If lonesome or blue and friends untrue: Psalms 23, 27; Luke 15. If trade is poor: Psalms 37, 73 ; John 15. If discouraged or in trouble: Psalm 126; John 14. If you are out of sorts: Hebrews 12. If you are losing confidence in men: I Cor. 13. If skeptical: John 6: 40, 7: 17 j Phil. 2; 5-11. If you cannot have your own way; James 3. If tired of sin ; Luke 18: 9-14 j Luke 7; 36-50 j Psalm 32. If very prosperous: Psalm 24 j Job 1, 2; Luke 19; 1-10. Happy conclusion: Psalm 131; Matthew 6; 33 j Romans 12.

The words of "Great Men on the Greatest Book" included testimonies to the Bible from the President of the National University in Manila, from Abraham llincoln, Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Huxley, Daniel Webster, Lord Roberts and others.

A month later, a second letter was sent. More than half the recipients replied, asking for a catalog and giving their home addresses. The following is the form of the second letter: My dear Friend: Pardon me for writing you further concerning the Gospel of John, but I am very much interested in having you read this little book and others like it, Buch as the Gospel of Matthew, Mark and especially the Gospel of Luke.

You may not know this, but we do have these little books (as well as complete Bibles) in your own Fmpino languages and you would be delighted, I know, to be able to read these wonderful messages in your own tongue. You may send us a stamp for the Gospel you desire, naming your dialect, or we will send you a catalog giving the prices of the Bibles, both in English and Filipino languages.

A month later a third letter was sent, asking whether, in reading about Ohrist, they had felt a longing to know Ohrist as a personal Saviour_ Towards the end of the letter an invitation was given, asking for the readers to state any difficulties they had and any suggestions they could make whereby they could receive help on this all-important question.

Within the first fortnight, thirty-seven had replied and, in most cases, the writer showed he was seeking to find a personal Saviour.

The Secretary then sought his committee and, through them, the ministers of all denominations helped to conduct a correspondence Bible class.

Mohammedans today seem hungry for knowledge and almo3t all of the Moslem world is open to missionary effort and to approach through Ohristian literature. Is not this method worth considering1 How many secret believers and enquirers would welcome such an ,opportunity of securing friendship and help unknown to those round about them!

Indian Christian Light-Bearer-II

The Story of Dewan Bahadur A.. S. AppasU'amy, Pillai of Palamcottah BY REV. H. A. POPLEY, MADURA, INDIA District Secretary of South India National Council Y. M. C. A.

YOUNG Appaswamy showed the same independence of thought as a Christian convert as he had formerly done in his Hindu surroundings. He refused to change his habits or cut off his K udumi, the tuft of hair which was regarded in those days by missionaries as a sign of heathenism. He continued to be a vegetarian, and always maintained that, though he had entered into a religion of freedom, this did not include freedom to wound unnecessarily his friends and relatives. His conversion had been hard enough for them to bear. He did not want to add to their difficulties by changing his mode of life. So he was able to retain many of his Hindu friends and to influence them for good.

Neither did he think that baptism meant the end of his search. He remained an enquirer and a seeker to the very end of his days. He continued to be interested in the Brahmo Samaj, and attended their prayer-meetings and the lectures given by Keshab Chunder Sen, which had a great influence upon his spiritual development. Later on when Theosophy was introduced to Madras he did not join in the hue and cry against it but studied it sympathetically and carefully.

He also continued his study of Hindu scriptures, learning a little Sanskrit and keeping up his Tamil studies in Saivite literature. He always declared that he owed a great deal to these scriptures. He was ever ready to welcome truth wherever he found it.

In addition to the band of Tinnevelly converts who had come out before him and were living in Madras he enjoyed the friendship of Rev. A. R. Symonda, Principal of the school at Sullivan's Gardens, to which he went for a short time. Appaswamy remained in Madras until he had passed the matriculation, supporting himself by doing munshi work.

Every young convert has to face a period of reaction and in Appaswamy's case this occurred during his sojourn at Sawyerpuram, to which place he went from Madras as munshi to Mr. Billing of the S. P. G. Mission. He fell ill twice and had no friends to look after him. His family at that time would have nothing to do with him. So he felt his loneliness and isolation very much. He was only a few months at Sawyerpuram and then took up work as a clerk on the Ettiyapuram Estate. He tells us that this period of his life was the time when he formed the habits of study and devotion which 366 meant so much to him in later years. The Manager of the Estate was Mr. W. E. Ganapathy Pillai, one of the converts of Mr. Cruickshank's school and a thorough Christian gentleman. The influence of his life and example was an inspiration to the young man and one of the most important factors in his development. It was here that he learnt that thoroughness and patience, carefulness and method count for much in life. He impressed others by his faithfulness and integrity which were often tested at Ettiyapuram in the work that was given to him. At Ettiyapuram he was married to the daughter of Mr. Ganapathi Pillai, his friend and helper. It was at Ettiyapuram too that the reconciliation with his family was effected, both his father and mother coming to stay with him there. His father took a leading part in arranging his marriage. While at Ettiyapuram he decided to take up the legal profession and started practice as a Vakil. His love of truthfulness comes out in the care with which he thought out this whole matter before deciding to become a lawyer, particularly in reference to the question of maintaining a practice of honesty in the profession.

From there he moved to Tuticorin, the southern port of the Presidency, and gradually began to obtain a large and lucrative practice. In his autobiography he tells us that he allowed the pursuit of money to become too dominant an influence in his life at that period. It is clear however that he always refused to compromise his religious principles, and often came into conflict with judges because of his frank Chrif'ltian testimony. On one occasion his love of truthfulness led him to give evidence against his own father in a Civil Suit for which the defense had cited him, knowing that he would speak the truth without fear or favour. Bishop Caldwell, who used to visit Tuticorin, helping him greatly in his spiritual life, particularly in leading him to place emphasis upon Christian character and influence rather than upon money-making. He was also greatly helped by an English business man of Tuticorin who consistently applied his Christian principles to business life.

In 1878 he moved to Palamcottah and began to practice in the District court. Bishop Sargeant and Rev. T. Walker were then in Palamcottah, helping by their Christian character and remarkable ability to build up the young church. The young vakil threw himself into Christian work with all his soul and became one of the pillars of the church in Palamcottah. His unsullied character and Christian tstimony, his sound judgment and practical ability made him a wise counsellor and a valuable worker.

In his profession'he rapidly rose to the front rank in Palamcottah. He was permanently retained by the Zemindar of Ettiyapuram as his Estate Vakil, and this alone brought him a large practice and a considerable income. He was one of the few Christians who moved freely with all classes of people and who had won the esteem and

respect of Hindus. The missionaries of those days did not encourage a too friendly relationship with the Hindus and so the Christian community kept largely to itself. Within the Christian community there were also very bitter caste differences between the Vellala and the Nadar converts which caused a great deal of trouble. Those were the days of the Sivakasi riots when the Maravars, who reckoned themselves as one of the higher castes, organi'zed a deliberate attack on the Nadars who were seeking to improve their position. The bitterness at that time between these communities was almost as great as is the Hindu-Muslim bitterness today in North India. In all these controversies Mr. A. S. Appaswamy was a force for peace, moving freely with all, both Europeans and Indians, with high and low caste, Christian and Hindu.

In his own record he states that between 1875 and 1890 he was drifting into a secular view of things, mainly concerned with building up a fortune and occuping a prominent public position. This judgment is no doubt largely a result of his own humility, as he devoted a large part of his time to Christian work and was ever zealous to lead his friends and relatives into his own experience of Christ. As a recognition of his public work he received the title of Rao Sahib from Government and later on that of Dewan Bahadur.

In 1890 a great change came over him, largely due to the death of his patron the Zemindar of Ettiyapuram, and to a serious illness which he had immediately afterwards. So in 1901 he determined to retire from his profession and to devote his life entirely to the service of God. He first threw himself wholeheartedly into evangelistic work, touring the district with Rev. T. Walker and Rev. T. A. Douglas, evangelistic missionaries, or with some other like-minded friends and spending all his time in the service of the Gospel. In this work he was as thorough as in his professional work, making it a point to call on the leading Hindus of every village and to have long talks with them in addition to public preaching.

He helped in the formation of the Indian Missionary Society of Tinnevelly and in the organization of the National Missionary Society of India. It was at this period that Mr. Sherwood Eddy came into close touch with him and each of them gained a great deal by this intimacy.

In his own family his Christian life and testimony had an increasing influence. His sister and her children were converted through his efforts and his parents were greatly changed in their religious ideals. His father developed a peculiar kind of Saiva mysticism, one feature of which was the frequent repetition of the sacred formula" Saravana Bhava," which has special reference to the second son of Siva-the god Subramanya. Mr. Appaswamy says that his father on his death-bed confessed his belief in Christ as the Son of God and the Saviour of mankind.

1927J AN INDIAN OHRli"TIAN LIGHT BEARER-II

During these latter years Mr. Appaswamy made a further study of Hinduism with a view to finding its points of contact with Christianity and to utilrzing ideas and methods which could be applied to Christian life and practice.

He felt that the religious experiences of Hindu saints and mystics should be studied in the same way as we regard those of Christians. These experiences were of very great value to Mr. Appaswamy himself in his later years and sometimes he found his own thought and experience more akin to those of Hindu contemplatives than to those of Christians.

In the later years of his life he had much help and inspiration from a Hindu relative who was well versed in the practice of Siddhanta Yoga. To Mr. Appaswamy he became a guru leading him to find in some of the yoga practices means whereby his own soul could achieve a more perfect communion with God. He published a book on this subject a few months before he passed away entitled "The Use of Yoga in Prayer." (C. L. S. Madras.) Mystic visions became a part of his daily experience and were a real encouragement and inspiration to him. He often used to tell me of these visions and it was clear that they meant a great deal to him. Some of them reminded me of the visions of an eclectic saint at Lahore, whose religious outlook was a mingling of the thoughts of the Gita and St. John's Gospel. The essential part of these visions of Mr. Appaswamy was that God was seen as Light in many forms. He says, "I practice advaitic Yoga and I behold God as pure Light. He has no form. He appears to me in his primeval and original condition as Light. When I practice another type of Yoga, I see the Christ appear before me in his Sukhsma Saria, (i. e. mystical body) of dazzling glory."

There is no doubt that his practice of Yoga Sadhana helped him to concentrate his mind on Christ more firmly and clearly, and at a time when the minds of most men begin to lose their power he was gifted with a habit of concentration and with a clarity of thought which were remarkable. It is interesting to trace the progress of his Christian thought in his later years. The method of Yoga Sadhana was for him a pathway to the feet of the Lord. While remaining absolutely loyal to Christ and His teaching and continually renewing his experience of Christ's saving power, he more and more expressed himself in the language of Hindu bhakti and Sadhana. When the writer was staying with him about two years before his death, Mr. Appaswamy used to put on the gramophone records of some of the finest songs of Saivite bhakti and also the Christian songs of his first Christian guru, Pandit H. A. Krishna Pillai. The essential content of his religious life was Christian but the expression of it took on more and more of a Hindu coloring. Meditation and contemplation filled a great part of his life but he never lost 4

his passion to help men to see the glory of Christ. He passed away at the age of seventy-eight on April 14, 1926, from a peaceful sleep into the land beyond, leaving all his affairs in perfect order and explicit directions in regard to his estates.

By his life and high moral rectitude, by his love and service, by his sympathy with all in need and his appreciation of all that was good, by his passionate evangelism and by his vital and genuine religious experience, Mr. Appaswamy continually commended the personality and teaching of Christ to all his Hindu friends and acquaintances and led many of them to see in Him the Light that lighteth every man and the Saviour of the world.

WHAT CHRIST MEANS TO ME* Testimony of a Young Man Converted from I.lam I HAD gone through the Koran once under able leadership and at- tended ,many services of worship in the large and small mosques. I had lived among good Mohammedans for many years, but had subsequently the privilege of mingling with the finest type of Christian people.

One of the primary faotors, therefore, in my conversion was the example set by Christians: their every-day life, their general behavior, their willingness to serve their fellowmen regardless of race, nationality or color. Another factor was the systematic, habitual and careful reading of the Bible. More than twenty years ago the wife of a great missionary had a little school of a dozen boys and girls from good non- Christian families. During one hour a week she read with them the Bible first from the Old Testament and then from the New. The children learned some of the Psalms by heart and some of the sayings of Christ in the Gospels. I bear witness here that this planting brought forth abundant fruit. I find great joy, peace and inspiration in the Bible. I find rest and encouragement. I have never known the time when I have read the Bible without finding something new in it. I have yet to g() to my Bible in hours of defeat and despair and discouragement and not find help in it. The more I read my Bible the easier it is for me to believe that Christ cares for me, and the more do I enjoy the assurance of everlasting and abundant life in Him.

I have believed His promises and I have realized them. The more I have trusted in Him in everything, the more He has been able to do for me. I did not embrace Christianity without long meditation. And I can say without reserve that all I have and all I am, all that I do and all I can do is Christ's. He is all in all to me. He has helped me as a teacher in engineering, asa Sunday-school teacher, and as a man. I doubt not that He will help me to cast off everything that still keeps His spirit from me:

A Well Conducted Leper

BY REV. P. A. BENNER, CHAMPA, C. P., INDIA T HE word" leper" strikes terror to the human heart. The dis- ease is dreaded not merely because of its loathsomeness, but primarily because until a short time ago leprosy was believed to be incurable. India, according to the census of 1911, has 150,000 lepers, the majority of whom wander about without home and hope.

In 1896, a missionary, Rev. WeHesley C. Bailey, visited Ambala and preached to a small colony of lepers. He was so impressed with the misery of these unfortunates that he went home to Ireland and pre- sented the need of lepers to the churches. The happy result was that the Mission to Lepers in India and the 'East was organ- ized. This international and in- terdenominational society has brought hope, cheer and joy to thousands of afflicted people the world over.

Th{' Leper Home at Champa.

Central Provinces, India, is owned by the Mission to Lepers and superintended by workers of the General Conference Mennonite Mission. It was opened in 1902 with two lepers who came to the mission compound to beg. The A SUFFERING LEPER number of inmates today is 403, exclusive of 30 untainted children of lepers. Segregation is one of the best means of stamping out the disease and hence this institu- tion insists on strict segregation.

The success of an institution is proportionate to the continued interest and sympathy of the superintendent. Next a general plan must be adopted which does not merely consist in wards for male and female lepers, but a church or common house, a dispensary and per- haps a hospital, an office, an observation ward, a ward each for tainted boys and girls, a store room, etc., etc. If these things are planned from the beginning, it will make superintending easier, the institution more attractive and affective.

The staff of the Champa institution consists of the superintendent who receives no financial remuneration from the Mission to Lepers for this work. A caretaker has the direct oversight of the inmates 371

and sees to it that all healthy lepers work from two to four hours per day, except Sundays. He buys and portions out the weekly allow- ance of rice, wood, etc., makes out and presents for signature aII reports to Government and Feudatory States, etc., etc.

Some superintendents strongly favor the employment of a cook and give the lepers a common mess, whereas the majority allow the lepers to cook their own food. The latter plan has the advantage of providing such food for the patient as he likes besides giving him pleasant employment. This Asylum gives to each leper, rice, fire- wood and Us. 1.6.0 per month in cash and allows each one to cook his own food. The cash is used for the purchase from the Asylum shop of sueh articles as salt, pep- pers, oil, etc. 'rhe money is disin- fected.

The medical work is in charge of an Indian doctor. ·Wounds are dressed every morning, while minor ailments, such as fevers, colds, coughs, etc., receive atten- tion in the afternoons. Experi- ments with the injection of ethyl esters have been begun but the re- sult cannot yet be told. In other asylums marked improvement has been noticed after an extended period of treatment. The care- taker, doctor and compounder are Christians. ,Vater carriers and AN UNTAINTED LEPER LAD a few other servants complete the staff of this home.

Although the attendance at religious services is not compulsory, all lepers gladly attend divine services and Sunday school. Love and sympathy in the institution are the drawing cards. The non- Christians say: "Get away, don't came around my house, don't bathe in this tank, etc." The Leper Home says: "Come on, wel- come-just make yourself at home." It is a joy to see timid lepers become bright cheery Christians. About one-third of the inmates are Christians. Their prayers and singing will encourage anyone interested in this work.

The tragic part connected with leper work is the "tainted"

children. These ought to be segregated from the older lepers. Med- ical authorities agree that leprosy is not hereditary, hence the segre- gation, care and instruction of "untainted" children form a very important branch of the work. It is difficult at times to persuade

A WELL CONDUCTED LEPER ASYLUM

parents, especially mothers, to give up their children. Where they are not separated the possibility of infection is continually present, especially during the first three years of the child. We therefore try to segregate children immediately after they have been weaned.

Their cottages contain not only sleeping and living rooms, but a place for games and library, good baths, eto. All of our tainted children attend school, which is at present taught by a leprous teacher. We teach" the three R 's" only. In this way lepers may learn to read hymn book, Bible and other books. All untainted children attend the mission school but not the school for tainted children. When they have reached a proper age they are trained for some vocation.

The religious services, including prayer-meetings and singing classes in the Leper Home, are conducted by the superintendent, assisted by other Indian mission helpers.. It is not always easy to administer proper discipline and it is wise to leave as much as possible of this in the hands of the leper inmates themselves. In both sections, male and female, we have what is called a Panchayat made up of five iepers who settle all minor difficulties and quarrels. It is a joy to notice how these Panchayats take a genuine interest in the welfare of "their home." ·When the superintendent would have pardoned a returned runaway, the Panchayat said: "No sir, he must be punished for having run away, else many others will run away for a season and then return as though nothing has happened." The punishment is generally a reduction in the monthly allowance.

The Champa institution is only in its beginning. Just as soon as funds Will permit, we hope to put in a good water system, build two cottages for tainted boys and girls, two cottages to serve as observation wards and a number of cottages for men and women.

SOME OF THE BUILDINGS AT THE LEPER ASYLUM. CHAMPA. CENTRAL PROVINCES

Conversion of a Wife Beater·

BY REV. A. B. PATTERSON, EBOLOWA, CAMEROON, AFRICA Evangelist, West Africa Mission, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HIS story has been broadcast from village to village in the Camerouns, West Africa, till it is known everywhere through the mission churches. A wife of a polygamist wanted to become a Christian, but her husband plainly told her that he hated such an idea. She persisted, however, and became a Christian, although she knew well that trouble was in store for her. When she used to go to services her husband threatened all kinds of punishments. He used to go into her house during her absence and take whatever food he found there and give it to some of his other wives, thinking in this way that he would be able to make his Christian wife jealous. He used also to beat her regularly on her return from service.

The remarkable thing in the eyes of the villagers was that the woman never complained to her neighbors about his abuse as is usually customary. One day while the woman was at the river fishing, the husband planned what he would do with all the fish over the amouut which would be prepared for him. The following day, before going to service, the woman arranged her surplus fish on a rack over a smoky fire in order to dry it. During her absence her husband went· into her hut and took all the fish.

Having tried all manner of devices to make his wife give up her Christianity, but without avail, the husband calmly announced on a Saturday that she was not to attempt to go to church on the morrow without first calling him. On the Sabbath he calmly accompanied her to church and at the close of the service, this man rose unexpectedly and announced that he wanted to commence following Jesus Christ. Vilhen he was asked the reason, he replied that it was due to his wife's conduct. When he was told that a Christian man must have only one wife, he replied that he had decided to release all the other wives, and to live only with this wife who had shown him by example what a true Christian can be.

rt eventually transpired that the woman had not only been outwardly enduring hardness as a good soldier of Christ but that she had been praying for her husband.

• From the Presbyterian Maaazine~ MarCh, 1927.

374

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. McLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK THE FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S would help; the necessity of trans- BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS lating spiritual power into service. OF NORTH AMERICA It is suggested that such retreats Findings and Recommendatio…. of the be made increasingly a part of mis- Annual Meeting sionary gatherings.

Atlantic City, January 8-11 The World T&IIkz The program of the annual meet- International, Inter-racial, Indus- ing of the Federation of Woman's trial. Boards of Foreign Missions of North Facing the world task, the Oriental America centered around the theme, speaker emphasiZed the need today of "The Family of Nations in the King- making known the love of God re- dom of God." Sessions were given vealcd in Jesus to satisfy heart hun- to the analysis of the world task fac- ger; the Occidental stressed the need ing Christian people and organiza- of presenting the Christian message tions, presented from the point of in every land because such evils as view both of the Far East and of the disease, ignorance, potential causes of West. Since the world is so swiftly friction and materialism in the pres- becoming a neighborhood, the ques- ent world neighborhood can be re- tions of international, inter-racial moved only by the application of and industrial relations were imme- Christian ethics and the spirit of Je- diately before us and were seen to sus to world relations.

be vitally connected with the expres- The following recommendations sion of our Christian faith and the were adopted: working out of the Christian program. 1. That we reaffirm the recommen- To permeate this changing order with dations of last year in connection the spirit of Christ is our inescapable with international, inter-racial and responsibility. Sessions were given industrial relationships.

also to the contribution which the 2. That we urge and practice in- Federation could make through its ternational friendship through indi- various activities and departments. vidual and community as well as An inspiring session was that con- wider contacts.

ducted by young people presenting 3. That we fa.miliarize ourselves the challenge of world situations to with conditions and movements in youth and youth's contribution to foreign countries and the relation of their betterment. our own countries thereto not relying The retreat on Sunday morning, alone on the public press, but using with the theme brought from the Com- every known means to ascertain the mittee of the International Missionary facts.

Council at Rlittvik, "Only as new 4. That we strive to create a right tides of spiritual life begin to flow public opinion based on this under- within the Church can the waiting standing.

tasks be fulfilled," prepared the dele- 5. That we write to our represent- gates for the consideration of these atives in the legislative bodies of our o v e r w h elm i n g responsibilities. respective countries concerning bills Thought and prayer centered on the dealing with international relations, tasks to be faced; sources of spiritual urging passage of those which repre- power; the Church of Christ; the sent justice and tend to create good- essential qualities for individuals who will among the nations, and disap- 375

proving those which foster suspicion, make the largest appeal to them- J. jealousy or race hatred. reverence for truth, the challenge of Christian social service, the pioneer 6. That we endorse the House Con- spirit, sympathy with student intercurrent Resolution No. 45 now in ests everywhere, a vision of what peo- Congress on just treaty relations with ple may become, the call of a great China·*t spiritual adventure. Possessing a genuine spiritual 7. That we cooperate 'with the other organizations that have a com- yearning and a desire for self-expr~s­ mon concern with us in the better- sion, the young people of AmerIca ment of industrial conditions among women and children. find themselves responding naturally and with deep sympathy to the tides The Oontribution of Youth of national aspirations arising in other countries. The "message of hope" in the Findings of a year ago found expres- The statements of ,young people sion in the Christian Conference of themselves, the recent Milwaukee Stu- American and Oriental Students at dent Conference, and the work of the Princeton, held under the auspices of Federation Student Committee all in- dicate that the young people of today the Evanston Continuation Commit- make two fundamental requirements tee. After a sincere self-searching of Christianity, namely, reality and through directed Bible study, the the application of Christ's teachings to every department of life. students, remarkably free from a na- Those who are to help in these tional or provincial point of view, ad- world situations must have the finest dressed themselves to the solution of academic training, familiarity with world problems. They expressed their the religious, cultural and political conviction that the responsibility for background of other peoples, convicextending Christ's Kingdom through- tion that existing industrial condiout the world is a task for East and tions must be remedied, a proved West together rather than the task ability in their chosen work, a spirit of the West alone. of sharing aId of identifying them- If young people are to make their selves with the, peoples among whom full contribution, emphasis must be they work, even perhaps to the extent of freeing themselves of the protecput on some of the elements which tion of their own' government. Above all they must in themselves exemplify ~ this recommendation referred to the the spirit of Jesus. Government of the United States the Canadian delegates refrained from yoting. Those who are responsible for ditThe following bill, known as the "Concur- recting the first service of young misrent Resolution" No. 45 was introduced into the sionaries should exercise the greatest care to make effective their early sig- House on January 4', 1927, and referred to the nificant days. Residents in the home Committee on Foreign Affairs: of older missionaries and an immedi- "Whereas it is felt that the situation which ate assignment to work without pre- liminary language study may. now exists in and with regard to China is Ofl:e which, if not promptly dealt with upon a basIs through the desire of the experienced missionary to influence and guide, reof justice and equity will endanger the peace of the world; Therefore be it resolved, sult in modifying their individual contribution. That the president of the United States be. and he hereby is, respectfully requested forth .. The following recommendations were adopted: with to enter into negotiations with the duly accredited agents ot the Government of China, 1. That the importance of our work authorized to speak for the entire people of in connection with foreign students China, with a view to the negotiation and the be recognized and much more largely extended. drafting of a torre aty or of treaties between the United States America and ethoer Republic of plac the treaties China which shall take the now in force between the two countries. whicb provide for the exercise in China of A.m~rican extraterritorial jurisdictional rights or lImit her full autonomy with reference to the levying of customs dues or other taxes, or of such other treaty provioiollS as may be found to be unequal or- nonreciprocal in ('tararter. to the end that henceforth the treaty relations between the two countries. shall be upon a wholly eQual and reciprocal basis and win be such as will in no way offend the sovereign dignity of either of the parties or place obstacles in the way of realization by either of them ot their several national aspirations or the maintenance by them of their several legitimate domestic poliCies."

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

.. .2. That we continue to study the meetings, women's clubs and civic present youth situation and promote groups, (c) information bureau for knowledge of and participation in travelers that they may be put in con- Foreign Missions on the part of young tact with the mission work of their people in every way possible, not sep- own denominations and with interarating them from the rest of the group, but integrating the thought denominational institutions. and activity of both older and young- 3. That we endorse the plans of the er, experienced and less experienced. Committee on Summer Conferences 3. That the present effort to place representing a more intensive study young people on our missionary Boards be continued. of the needs of the constituency and new methods of educational approach: 4. That we study the best method (a) preliminary conference of leadof introducing new missionaries to ers, (b) democratic control and prothe field in order to conserve their gram making. individual contribution. 4. That we commend the work and 5. That we work through and with report of the interdenominational inall student agencies for a unified ap- dustrial committee appointed a year proach to these young people in our colleges. ago, and endorse its recommendation that each Board appoint a special 6. That we cooperate with the Stu- committee to investigate its industrial dent Volunteer Movement, especially mission work along lines to be sugthis year, in any way that will gested by the Industrial Committee strengthen their convention. which may serve as a basis for future developments. Contribution of the Federation 5. Deeply moved by the significance To continue and make more effec- of the beginning of an international tive the cooperation on which the Fed- observance of the Day of Prayer in eration is based, it is essential that which we can pray with, instead of the work of every committee be car- for, the women of the world, we recried forward during the coming year. ommend that this observance be ex- In some instances it will be necessary tended to include larger numbers of to extend committee programs to meet women in all countries, looking forexisting needs. ward to the time when Christian wom- The following recommendations en can be united in a World were adopted: Federation.

1. That we give increased support That we endeavor to make this cirto the expanding programs of the cle of fellowship as wide as possible Woman '8 Christian Colleges, other in our own communities, including union institutions and the Committee women of all races and nationalities. on Christian Literature for Women and Children in other lands. That we pray for the Convention on Faith and Order to be held in 2. That we endorse the plans of the Lausanne in the summer of 1927. Committee on Home Base Cultivation looking to an understanding of the 6'. That we render all possible aspresent task of Foreign Missions in sistance to the groups preparing, its relation to world problems and through researeb and observation, for to increase participation in our co- the program of ilie Jerusalem meetoperative work: (a) week-end con- ing of the International Missionary ferences, (b) speakers' bureau for Council in 1928, and that we make the aid of local federations, student a renewed effort to increase the" tides of spiritual power" which alone can ensure its success and vitalize the life of the Christian Church. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK A NEW DAY FOR CONFERENCES eight to ten thousand women and girls By EULLA ROSSMAN attend these conferences every sum- mer there is still a shortage of trained In electrical terminology we find leaders for mission study classes and the expression "stepping up" to de- in other tasks of missionary organnote the process of giving the current izations, showing that there is a loss greater carrying capacity to enable it in "carryover" value. to go fUrther, to accomplish more. With this "stepping up" process, At the meeting of the Executive power can be transmitted hundreds of Committee of the Council of Women miles and on being "stepped down" for Home Missions held in October, at its destination is ready to perform it was agreed that the Council urge all the tasks required of it. upon leaders of conferences and schools of missions the necessity of In this new day for conferences definitely bringing home to the women we want to consider a "stepping up" in attendance their responsibility for process for conferences, institutes and translating into actual service the schools of missions. And let me ex- training they have received at the conplain right here that the terms are ference. This action was particularly synonymous. Some organizations have significant since none of the women always lliIed the word "conference," of the Eltecutive Committee had been others have been forced to change attending the Conferences on Conferfrom" school of missions" to " confer- ences and shows the feeling that conence" to secure reduced rates granted ferences need "stepping up." religious gatherings by railroads. Let lliI consider briefly ways in During the past two years confer- which these conferences can be more ence leaders have been studying the helpful, and have a greater carry-over situation in a series of conferences on value. Conferences, striving to find out how efficient the conferences are, and A preliminary conference which whether it is possible to give them brings together the members of the greater carrying capacity-to "step committee, the faculty, the speakers them up." These leaders represented and some leading delegates will help a varied constituency, denominational to unify the program, will give better and interdenominational, adult and team work and give the conference a junior, distinctively missionary, stn- tremendous send off. I remember one dent, business and industrial groups. sad case .in which the climax of the The conferences have, in themselves, conference became almost an anti· been a valuable demonstration of the climax because the speaker of the eve- new conference procedure. No set ning did not arrive till the evening program was prepared. No one came train and while he was a nationally with a speech or address but each one known speaker his message was for- came because of definite responsibility eign to the whole atmosphere of the for a conference of some kind, each conference.

one had problems, each one presented One" stepping up" process for our the problems the first evening and the conferences has to do with self-determ- discussions of the following days cen- ination, giving to the delegates a con- tered upon the solution of the prob- centrated experience of right living; lems. Here, as a starting point, were giving a share of the control of the the complicated life situations. conference may be an educative part But in spite of the fact that from of the program. The program may 378 not pass off as smoothly as under auto- value. The new data and new outlook cratic control, but the experience must be connected up or they mean gained by doing things will offset the nothing. We have not learned any- lack of smoothness; the guiding prin- thing that we do not practice. Get- ciple is to increase responsibility with ting at the needs of the delegates is the capacity to take on responsibility. most difficult. It involves getting in- Complete democratic control cannot dividuals and local groups to analyze be thrust upon a conference for it their own needs. It involves ques- would result in chaos. tionnaires, tests, surveys. Local dis- In the last annual report blank sent cussion groups can send their findings by the Council and Federation to to the program committee. schools of missions was the question. In this new day for conferences, I "What share do the delegates have in would place the greatest emphasis on planning the program for next year 1" the development of youth. The Among answers to this question were, younger women must have a larger "May give suggestions to the com- part. It seems a bit difficult for us more experienced women to give the mittee. " "A discussion at tile closing less experienced their chance to get session." One conference puts some what we have. In our" stepping up" delegates on the program committee, process we are going to give the younger women a part in the conferbut 50% of the answers were, ences. They can be trained for leader- "None. " Thus, in half the confer- ship in discussion groups on vital ences, those in attendance have no topics and in demonstration projects. chance even to express opinions to the committee in charge. It is necessary Social and personal adjustments to find out where in the scale of readi- can be worked out with strong leaders ness between no participation and full in character growth. With genuine participation a conference is and then complicated situations as a starting take the steps which will carry it still point, groups of young women may further. For instance, the whole think through to the solution. They group can decide the type of program can plan and conduct the twilight it wants, leaving it to the committee hour or similar service, tryout experto develop the program according to iments in self-government in camps the needs of the situation. It is necessary for the leaders to find some way and young women's departments.

of getting at the needs of the delegates This may sound like rather a revolu- in their home churches and organiza- tionary program with many innova- tions. Perhaps the lack of carryover tions, but it is not expected that any from conferences is due to the fact one conference will make radical that the delegate has not found herself changes in one year. E'ach committee tied to the home situation while at the will study its own conference and de- conference but has considered it a cide upon one or more experiments to plea~ing in1lerlude or vacation. A be tried out-experiments which will person carries back only what she can best fit into the program usually car- nse in her own life. She may get an ried out, and an attempt will be made "emotional kick" out of the confer- to evaluate results.

ence, for people who attend confer- The whole purpose of education is ences and other meetings, too, can to make life more worth while, and build a habit of being stirred to high a conference which does not produce feeling without responding to the real results is a failure and not worth the situation or feeling any individual re- time and expense put into it. A really sponsibility. One may be stirred by a Rnccessful conference is the one in wonderful address on race relations, which every person in attendance but if it is not translated into a finds herself farther along the interest changed attitude toward other races scale at the close than when she came, it fails to have any "carry over" finds her life enriched and unified.

·",-.___NEWS FROM ,.MANY

CHINA from fifty-two commercial and indus- trial bodies in Shanghai voicing regret A Chinese Christian Business Man for the Nanking assault .on foreigners and the destruction of their property. A FINE type of Chinese Christian They urge patience and continued is described in the latest issue of confidence in the Chinese people. Mr the magazine published by the Chi- Chu replied to the Shanghai organizanese Students Christian Association tions asking them to urge the Nationof America. Liu Tze Ru, agent of an alist authorities to protect the foreign- American sewing-machine company ers and prevent a recurrence of the for the province of Szechwan, recently Nanking affair in other cities. He transferred his property worth $133,- hoped they would insist by peaceful 000 to a board representing the local means upon a reorganization of the independent church, the Chungking Shanghai municipality under Chinese orphanage and the Y. M. C. A. This control. property and the business will be handled by this Board and the yearly He also has issued an appeal to the income will be divided among the world in behalf of China, asserting three organizations. "For thirty-two that in time she would work out her years," says The Chinese Christian own salvation and do utmost justice Student, "Mr. Liu has stuck by his to foreigners. "Peace and tranquillity decision to be a Christian, made at the can only be assured," he says, "when age of twenty-four. He is a leader in international good understanding and the local independent church which, mutual confidence prevail." refusing foreign funds, owns its land and buildings. After a world tour in The Future of Yale-in-China 1924, Mr. Liu resolved to give all his property to the organization in DR. ANSON PHELPS STOKES Chungking which he felt could carry says that while Yale-in-China is on a larger service to society. Mr. Liu closed, there is expectation that it will was one of the leading men in the open when the presaut trouble has organization of the Y. M. C. A. three passed over. He refers to "touchyears ago and has since been its presi- ing evidences of appreciation from dent. He is a leader in the business the Chinese gentry and other friendr; circles of Chungking, where his ex- and of regret that our work must be ample will be an inspiration to other temporarily discontinued." He quoteR wealthy business men to endow such the following resolutions passed by work as these organizations are do- the trustees of the Society of Yale-ining." China at their recent meeting in New Haven: Chinese Express Regrets 1. That the institution developed during I NTELLIGENT Chi n e sea r e the past twenty years in Changsha with ae- strongly opposed to anti-foreign tive Chinese cooperation must be continued and anti-Christian agitation in China and made as permanently useful as possible.

and many Christian Chinese stand 2. That, because of the changes taking ready to sacrifice their lives for their faith and for the Christian mission- place in Central China, the sitnation be rearI.eS. Recently als0 Chu Chao-hs'm, Chinese delegate to the League of Na- studied so that withont departing from its tions, announced receipt of a telegram standards Hnd ideals the scope and methods of work at Yali may be modified to meet more adequately the needs of a new China. 3. That an effort be made to maintain a Chinese staff of at least three members in 380 addition to the American staff now on the meetings at the church. After-meetfield, in order to render any possible service ings have brought groups from ten to by private teaching, medical work and per· twenty-five when we have real heart- to-heart talks about the way of salvasonal contact. 4. That the trustees authorize the memo bers of the staff in Changsha to make such tion. The motto of our church for arrangements as they think desirable with September was, 'Work with God for the purpose of using the hospital and other the Salvation of the World.' This buildings for the public good. month we have for a motto, I Possess Yenching University'. Equipment the Riches of God!' The wayside pul- pits have been hung out daily in six- T HIS Christian institution, with an teen places throughout the district, enrolment of 500 men and 150 emphasizing this month the need of women, has been well equipped by its new huildings for the work which it good home life. Throughout the preis undertaking to do. Located about fecture we are shedding a light with five miles from Peking, the university owns over one hundred acres which these. Would that all the good seeds might bear fruit!"

include, beside academic buildings, of Chinese Tribute to Y. M. c. A. little hmocks, many trees, two small lakes, and the gardens of the Agricul- FONG F. SEC, who for several tural Department. The academic years was chairman of the Nationbuildings are of adapted Chinese ar- al Committee of the Y. M. C. A. in chitecture, very graceful and decora- China, and of whom it is said, "His tive with their curving roofs and influence in educational and welfare eaves painted in many colors. The in- organizations and as editor of the teriors of the buildings have cement English publications of the Commerfloors, running water, steam heat, and cial Press in Shanghai is equalled by electricity. The Women's College has that of few men in China," recently its own administration building, a res- made this statement: idence for the Dean, two other resi- The present appears to be a dark hour dences for faculty members, a recita- for the Christian movement in China. Yet tion building, dormitories, and a sci- I believe this is only a passing phase. I ence building. Beside the Colleges of think our people, on the whole, are too level- headed to remain long under the radieal in- Arts and Sciences for men and women Buences from the outside and may be trusted there is a School of Religion, and t? regain our balance in time. During this special departments in Agriculture, time of great upheaval and sweeping changes, when the minds of our young men Business, Education, Home Econom- are swayed by the tides of nationalism, wa ics, Journalism and Leather Tanning. need the stabilizing power of Christianity as never before to guide our thinking and Church Mottoes in West China give fiber to our moral and spiritual life.

~~E VERYTHING looks very dis- The Young Men's Christian Association has been of untold blessing to hundreds of couraging this fall, but what thousands of us in our fight for character. appears as man's disappointment may In this trying hour we need the material prove to be His appointment," writes and moral support of Christians of Western Rev. Chester F. Wood to Missions lands. This is not the time for them to withdraw their support. For them to do so, from Yachowfu, West China. "The it seems to me, is to desert the cause of ways of God are mysterious and mar- Christ at a very critical moment.

velous. From the promise of a prosperous indigenous church we are with- Importance of One Christian R held f()r a while, and the organization EV. JOSHUA VALE, of Shang- hai, writes in China's Millions: and planned big gatherings are suffering, so we have had to give our- "Only one convert! Yes, but if that selves more to personal work this fall. one convert should prove to be a man Weare having good meetings in the of outstanding ability and leadership, street chapel and have also had some what then? More than sixty years goo d Sunday evening evangelistic ago a young missionary came to China

and was appointed to the Province of churia was spared the letting loose of Chekiang, the first field worked by the hell," commented the North China China Inland Mission. After some Herald. "The courage, perseverance eight years, owing to ill health, he was and wisdom of our two Mukden com- obliged to go home and never returned rades, the humanity of their cause, to Ohina. During this short period their intrepid bearing and entire de- in China he baptized only one convert tachment from political and personal and therefore in after years was matters carried their point."

tempted to look upon his work as in vain. If this good brother could have Miao Cannibals Now Christians visited with us the district now under REV. HUGH BOUSMAN, of the the control of this one convert, his Presbyterian Mission at Kachek, heart would have been greatly cheered on the island of Hainan, has had some and he would surely have realized interesting experiences among the that his work was not in vain in the Miao people, who live in the interior Lord." Pastor Ren, who was bap- of the island~ He tells of having tized when sixteen years of age, has heard one of them say, only a few been at work in this one district for months ago: "One time robbers atfifty years. tacked our village. We killed one of An Ameri"a~ Peacemaker them. According to our custom we took some of his bones and made soup THE story has come by way of and each of us ate a little of it. " This London of how an American man is the headman of a little Miao Quaker, Mr. J. E. Platt, of the Y. M. village of ten or fifteen families. C. A. Mukden, and a Scottish medi- Many of these people are now Chriscal missionary, Dr. W. A. Young, tians. "On a recent trip to visit them," says Mr. Bousman, "we sat on senior doctor of the Mukden Medical the side of a high mountain. Before College, were instrumental in arrang- us, in the little pocket-like valley on ing an armistice which led to peace in the mountain side were the mud- daubed and leaf-thatched houses of the civil war in North China. Several the villagers. Beside us was the vilmonths ago the armies of Wu-Pei-Fu lage chapel we had come to visit. and Chang-Tso-Lin were facing one These Miao Ohristians are more another with every prospect of the nearly self-supporting than many of long continuance of the strife. General the Chinese village Christians. They Chang '8 son when on a visit to Muk- build chapels for traveling Ohristian den keenly feeling how injurious for preachers to use. They themselves the best interests for China was a come morning and evening· to have further continuance of the civil war prayers and to sing before they go to begged his old friend Mr. Platt to try to open negotiations at the front. Dr. their work or to bed." Young was brought into consultation, and the American and the Britisher finally acceded to Ohang-Han-Ohing's JAPAN.KOREA urgent request. They had no light No Religious Regulation Bill W task in front of them. No Ohinese OW has come from Tokoyo that the bill which the Japanese Govwould accept the risks. Foreign ministers had forbidden their consuls to ernment had introduced for the regu- intervene, and foreign business men lation of religions has been shelved af- felt they must hold aloof. On the ter a month'~ debate by the Peers understanding that their task was Oommittee and will not reappear this that of bringing the peace delegates session. The bill was aimed primarily together, Mr. Pratt and Dr. Young to correct abuses which have grown up unprotected and without any docu- in connection with the Buddhist and ments made three strenuous journeys Shinto temples. It was proposed to from Mukden to the front. "Man- grant Christianity an official status,

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

but, as the gift was coupled with reg- girls from the Buddhist Girls' Colulations and wntrol in many matters lege. One of them has received bapin which Christians in general claim freedom, the native churches started a tism and led the other four ro the vigorous agitation against the bill which eventually was successful. The class. Another member of this class bill would have created public trusts is a wealthy woman who came saying for church and temple property, an she needed Christianity to fit her for innovation which Christians consid- the task of training her four children, ered inequitable, as their church who are in the Sunday schooL She property has all been bought and paid has now asked for baptism. . _ . The for, while temple lands were granted Christian women of Japan are makby the State. ing a special effort for prohibition just now, and they need the sympathy A. a Japanese Sees ADlerieans and prayers of the Christians in America." ADACHI KINNOSUKE tells in a 11 current magazine how his desire A Soldier Loyal to Christ to learn English took him years ago to Dr. Walter A. Lambuth, later a EVERY Japanese man who is ablebishop in the Methodist Episcopal bodied has at least twelve months Church South, by whom he was led to of military service. A certain gradu- Christ. Now in the United States, ate of the Meiji Gakuin in Tokoyo, Mr. Kinnosuke who says, "The light who is now performing this service, is of all religions burns purer in the the only Christian in his company and mission fields than at their home he has met a certain form of persebases, " comments as follows on his ex- cution in ridicule and misunderstandperiences: ing. One of the officers has nick- named him "Yaso," a rather disre- Here I have seen literally millions of spectful form of the name " Jesus," Christians in perfectly good standing in the and this officer calls out "Yaso, come Church take something of a pleasure in here," or "Ask Yaso to do that," speaking nnkindly of their richer neighbors. which is a bit trying. But yet after I have seen more millions of them entirely all he considers it a great honor to be happy in revising the Sermon on the Mount called " Jesus" when he thinks of the to read: "Lots of men can serve two meaning of the name, so he bears it masters. Ye can serve God and Mammon." patiently. And gradually the other I have seen still more millions of equally soldiers are wming to understand and excellent Christians take the name of God appreciate him and some of them in vain-and in the jolliest manner imagin· listen to him with deep interest when able. . . . I have seen that old-fashioned he explains the meaning of his Christhing-which we Japanese stilI think a good tian faith to them. He is quite feardeal of–caIIed parental control become a less in bearing testimony to Christ at lost art among the Christian people in this all times and tries to interest even his country. These and a few other things have officers in the Christian religion. had their effect upon me, of course. I am wondering if Christianity in Christendom is Japanese Christia.n Lepers dry rotting. They have bewildered me not a little and made me a triBe weary in my I N THE government leper colony ;joints as I tried to make my painful way at Oshima, Japan, the Buddhist along the straight and narrow path. influence was at one time so strong that the missionaries who came to Christian Women in Kyoto visit were stoned away and eventual- ly gave up any attempt to work there MISS FRANCINA E. PORTER, until some years later, when a leper of the American Presbyterian named Miyake San came to the hos- Mission in Kyoto, Japan, writes of pital and inquired about Christianity, two of her many interests in the field saying he wished to know more of it. where she has been at work since Through him a group of the patients 1882: "In the class for women and girls that meets on Sunday morning in the church near by, there are five

became sufficiently interested to send gelical Missions in Korea, in making an invitation to the missionary teach- its February issue what is called "an ers to return. He was the first to All-Korea Number." Its eight prinbe baptized. He is now quite an old cipal articles were all contributed by man, but still takes a leading place Korean Christians, and the table of in the leper church. There are thirty- contents gives some idea of what the five baptized Christians, and many Korean Church is thinking about, as others are interested. Nagata San well as of the ability of its leaders to leads in the intellectual life of the give expression to these thoughts. It colony as well as in the spiritual. He reads as follows: plans the Christmas programs, edits the little magazine published by the "The Church and the Young People"- patients, and teaches sometimes four Rev. S. O. Pyun. Bible classes a day; but chief of his talents is that for Japanese verse. He "Educated Mothers Korea's Supreme is blind and partly paralyzed, but it Need"-Miss Frances Li. is he who leads his fellows to search for loveliness in the things about "Does Korea Need a Women's Medical them. This, band of leper Christians SchooU"-Miss Y. C. You, M.D. is noted for its intercessory prayer. "The Primary Quality that Determines a Personal Co'ntaets in Japan Missionary"-Mr. Hugh Heung-wu Cynn.

MR. AND MRS. F. S. CURTIS "The New Role of the Missionary"- went out to Japan under the Prof. P. O. Chough, Ph.D. Presbyterian Board (U. S. A.) in ]888. Out of her long experience , 'Should the Mission Hospitals he Turned Mrs. Curtis writes: "When we came Over to the Koreans f "-Oh Keung San, to Japan, and for many years, our M.D. idea was that the first duty of an evangelist was preaching. Now, as "Christiauity Versus Old Native Things" far as the missionary is concerned, in -Mr. Pyun Yung Tai. this country his, principal and most telling work is with individuals, by "The Necessity of Women's Hospitals' " conversation and letter. To reach out -Miss D. S. Hyun, M.D. to your neighbors on boats, trains and in the shops and offices, and to give Healing Lepers at Talku ample time to even 'unlikely' callers and to workmen, and then to follow THIS is the title of a booklet deup. tlLose who respond-to spend full scribing the new plans for the detin. 'in prayer for them individually, velopment of the leper work at Taiku, these are now the main avenues of Korea, issued by the American Misservice for the ordinary missionary sion to Lepers. Dr. Fletcher is asking evangelist in Japan. There is often for the means to provide a chapel and a wonderful response to letters. a central dining hall and service Several young men have gone from buildings for the 500 patients he will our English classes to university or soon be caring for in the dormitories other schools, in other cities and they on the compound, to install city water seem overjoyed to hear from us, as and to build a home for untainted do the young women I have taught." children. The cost of these items ranges from $300 to $3,000. In ad- An "All-Korea" Paper dition to making the hospital proper more adequate for the needs of the in- ~ N INTERESTING departure from creased number of patients, Dr_ Fletcher has worked out a plan to A its usual procedure was made by serve the lepers of the entire province, numbering about 2,000, by a series of the Korea, Mission Field, which is is- out-station clinics, or treatment stasued by the Federal Council of Evan- tions. Each of these is to be in charge of a qualified nurse, preferably a leper who has been trained in the Taiku hospital in giving the treatment which has resulted in his own parole as practically cured. A Korean doc- tor will visit each station once every week or ten days, treating those in the early stages of the disease, and refer-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ring the advanced cases to the Taiku straight back from the lobby, and the hospital. By this means treatment arrangement of the building, says will be provided for those most amen- Rev. George W. Wright, is greatly ad- able to its benefits, those in whom the mired. The present enrollment is disease has not advanced far, who seventy-nine, this number including probably would not take the drastic those enrolled in the three years of step of entering the hospital, and who pretheological or college work as well in this way can remain in their own as those in three years of the semi- homes between treatments. nary, the full course being now six ISLANDS OF THE SEA years. Besides the fifty-four minis· The Maoris in New Zealand terial students there are fifteen ex- pecting to be teachers, two social T HE Anglican Archbishop of New workers, one an engineer, one a jour- Zealand writes: "There are about nalist, one a lawyer. One girl is train- 26,000 Maoris in the diocese of Auck- ing for dormitory management, one as land, and eighteen Maori clergy who a deaconess teacher, one young man is work under a European superintend- in training for Sunday-school field ent, The majority of the Maoris be- work, one is a married woman taking long to the Church of England, but Spanish and one gives no idea as to they are very susceptible to the in- his future.

fluence of false teachers and prophets No Racc Problem in Hawaii of their own race and even of the Mormons, There are many Maoris T HIS is the testimonv of ex- Governor Allen of Ka'IlSas, who who have lapsed from the faith in writes after his recent visit: "No one consequence of the evil results of the in Hawaii discusses race problems. Maori wars and the subsequent con- They studiously avoid them, With a fiscation of Maori lands. The disas- dozen races living in harmony under trous policy of the British Govern- one flag, the problem is to keep your ment in attempting to subdue th@ mind on the job of living together, Maoris by force of arms, especial1y in not upon the subjects that emphasize face of the :fact that the Maoris were the obvious difficulties. Therefore, far less to blame than a sec60n of the everyone in the Islands from the Pakelas who endeavored to cheat the Governor down says in answer to the Maoris out of their lands, has left inevitable question: 'There is no such much bitterness behind and much suspicion of the Government, with problem. ' They all thus declare itwhich the Church in the mind of the Japanese, Chinese, Hawaiians, Sia- Maoris is associated. The Church has mese and Americanese. No one deexcellent boarding schools for Maori clares jt with greater vigor ann …erboys and girls in Auckland, and the sistency than the American…_,In provincial college of St. John the every schoolhouse in the Islands, Evangelist situated near to Auckland under practical and sensible teachers, trains the Maori ordination candi- they are inculcating the same doc- dates in conjunction with the Euro- trine, " pean students."

NORTH AMERICA Training F'ilipino Pastors "A Student in Industry Group"

T HE Uuion Theological Seminary THIS is the title given to a project in Manila opened the 1926-27 sponsored by certain members of school year in its fine new building. the Society of Friends in Philadel- This is a beautiful structure three phia. The American Friend says of stories high, with a roof garden above, it: "Plans are now shaping up satis- factorily for the Student in Industry and provides adequately for class group to be sponsored by the Home rooms, laboratory, library and offices Service Section in Philadelphia this of administration. The chapel is 5

coming summer. " The purpose is When I came here eighteen months primarily to afford an opportunity ago, there were no officials, no prayerfor those interested in human rela- meetings, no woman's organizations, tions to find out by actual experience and all of the churches were in poor some of the many difficulties arising repair. The Mission Board was payout of the adjustments of the workers ing $100 toward the pastor's salary. to their industrial environment. Mem- The circuit had 545 members scattered bers of the group will meet in Phila- over five churches, all farmers who delphia for a week-c~d conference would go to church once a month, if from June 25-27. Following that they it was not too cold or too hot and will find their own jobs in Philadel- dusty. The first thing was to organize phia industr:es, and make arrange- prayermeetings at the churches. One ments for their own living accom- very doubtful old farmer said: 'You modations. They will live on the can't run no prayer-meetin' here; wages they earn, and for a ten weeks' they ain't never had none no time.' period attempt to study through their That particular prayer-meeting has own experience some of the industrial grown from nothing to seventy-five problems facing employer and em- and eighty. The people want the ployee. The membership is to be Bible and will come miles to get it made up of men and women from the even after a hard day in the field. eastern colleges, who are warned that What of the circuit today? There is "these projects are not adventures. one new church which has been picked They will involve for many students for a rural church demonstration difficult adjustments to new ,vays of point in North Carolina. All of the living, and will tax the grit and re- churches have improved in apsourcefulness of each member. pearance. Four prayer-meetings and four woman's missionary societies Church Members Become Mormons have been organized. The parsonage has been improved to the extent of TllE Utah Gospel Mission is au- $6'00, the pastor's salary has been thority for the statement that raised and the Mission Board has been li,rormoni~m "of both kinds" is mak- notified that its gift is no longer ing about 10,000 converts a year, and needed. Last year for all purposes we that "nearly everyone was once a raised $10,124, over three times the nominal member of some Christian amount ever raised in any previous church, " Of course the bulk of the year. " converts are of the humbler classes, often really wishing to do the right Interracial Relations in Chicago thing, and even real though greatly misinformed ,Christians. Meanwhile, I f' CON~ECTIOX with the oband largely by just such means, M or- servance in Chicago of Race Relamonism is doubling every twenty-five tions Sunday, Dean Shai18r Mathews yea.rs, instead of being about" dead" of the Divinitv School of the Pniveras people often think. It has kept sity of Chicago said: "There are in about 2,200 emissaries at work for the Great IJake states of Mich;gan, many years, and they get three or Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin four converts each per year. besides more than 500,000 Negroes, most of doing greater evil in sowing false doc- whom have come from the South in trines and distrust of the Bible, the recent years. Chicago '8 Negro populaministry and the Church. tion approaches the 200,000 mark. They are here in the North to stay and Rural Work in North Oaroliua we welcome them. Their motives in migrating have been entirely worthy. ROBERT E. BROWN, a graduate They have sought economic improve- of the Biblical Seminary in New ment and educational advancement. York City, writes: "A preaching We should value them highly as citidrcuit with five points is a handful.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

zens becaUlle they merit it. The In- cording to many old customs but who terracial Commission of the Church have adopted some of the modern Federation feels that its most effec- ways-frequently the poorest-and tive work can be done in getting the are emerging into something better races acquainted and in informing or worse, according to their surround- each group of the advancement of the ings; (3) the young people who, in- other. " fluenced by education and changing environment, are entering the cities, Trained Christian India.D.!l towns and rural districts to which T HE Tucson Indian Training their work calls them and are becom- School at Escuela, Arizona, con- ing on the whole a quiet, unassuming, ducted by the Presbyterian Board of worthy people, an asset to their com- National Missions is now in its thirty- munities and to the nation."

ninth year, and about forty per cent of the present enrollment consists of Mexican Problems in Texas G children of former pupils. Over 1,- EORGE L. CADY, discussing in The American Missionary some 600 boys and girls have attended the school since the founding of it and of these problems, says: "Discrimina- now many of these are recognized tions are reported in theatres and leaders in their horne communities. hotels and even a consul of the Some are evangelists, others are Sun- Mexican Government was refused day-school teachers; some are elders service in Texas. Mexican children and deacons and many more are doing are often excluded from playgrounds.

their share in improving conditions In most places separate school build- on the various reservations. The ings are! operated for Mexican chil- largest Indian church in the United dren. This was advocated by many of States is among the Pimas. Fifty the best educators for pedagogical years ago they were pagan; now there reasons as the education of the Mexi- are over 2,000 communicants. All can children has been desultory on their native churches are manned by account of their migratory habits and Indians and they are sending their their presence would retard the prog- evangelists to other tribes. The ress of the classes where the American Apaches, their historic enemies, have children attended. It was not stated become entirely. friendly, largely that the Mexican children are inferior through the splendid work of one of when given equal opportunities ….. .

the school's boys, Wilson Walker. One foreman of a cotton mill said: 'The Jl,Iexican is the most servile of all Types of American Indians the kinds of labor we employ.' And the AFTER calling attention to the mill was practically operated by Mexi- wide distribution of the Indian cans only. Of course it is well known communities, and the variety in their that the greatest opposition to the new languages, a missionary comments: "A few years ago we classified the Negro is that he is ceasing to be servile Indians according to their localities and the Japanese has always refused or indigenous occupations; for example, the plains tribes, the nomadic to be. What will happen when the shepherds of the Southwest; the vil- Mexican has begun to rise and assert lage tribes, the fishermen of the North- himself and when he ceases to be a west and the civilized tribes of the day laborer and comes to demand the right to own his own horne and till his own land'"

Southeast. Today there seems to be a tendency, much less scientific, to LATIN AMERICA classify Indians about as follows: First.Rand Study of Mexico U (1) The picturesque type, often fea- NDER the leadership of Hubert tured in magazines; (2) those who C. Herring, the Social Relations still live in Indian communities ac- Department of the Congregational

Education Society has for two years of the Catholic Church from a protected or· sponsored a so-called "Seminar on Relations with Mexico." The July, ganization into an independent entity…. 1926, REVIEW reported the success of the experiment last year. The party The ecclesiastics are empowered to continue of thirty-eight this year included Protestant clergymen, Jewish rabbis, their religions teachings in the public lawyers, editors, writers, lecturers, representatives of women's organiza- schools, not as a part of the official currie· tions and business men. The program ulum nor as salaried officials of the Gov· of these seminars covers a ten-days' stay in Mexico City. These days are ernment, but as private citizens and in percrowded with interviews with the leaders of the Mexican Government fect equality with the ministers of other de- Mexican and foreign business in: terests, Protestant and Catholic reli- nominations. . gious leaders, educators and other significant spokesmen for the cultural, Church Unity in Venezuela educational, political, economic and religious life of the country. REV. C. A. PHILLIPS, of the American Presbyterian Mission Mr. Herring says: in Caracas, Venezuela, writes of a visit to the Scandinavian Alliance We went because we believed in friendly Mission in Maracaibo: "They were relations between the United States and dedicating a new church building and Mexico and because we wanted to know the had invited representatives of each Mexicans better. We did not go with any mission to attend. The group of misidea of becoming experts upon oil laws or sionaries and national workers in atreligious controversies, but because we hoped tendance had an inf.ormal conference we would be better able to interpret Mexico regarding the work in Venezuela, the to the United States after we bad learned discussion centering around the adto know some Mexicans and had heard from visability of establishing a national their own lips the story of the struggles church in Venezuela. A series of through which they are paBsing in their propositions to serve as the basis for effort .to establish a strong and just govern· the government of said church were ment m that desperately unfortunate land. drawn up and approved by thQse present and it was decided to present Status of Priests in Chile these to the different missions. The interior of the republic is full of souls THE formal separation of Church who are hungering for the food which and State in Chile which was an- satisfies, and longing for a better way nounced in the June, 1926, REVIEW, is then they have known hitherto. The beginning to bear fruit. In reply to members of the Church have been newspaper reports that the Chilean quite enthusiastic over the possibility Government had decided to eliminate of a national Evangelical church and the Catholic priesthood from public are preaching the doctrine ot unity offices paid out of the national as much as they can. It is quite postreasury, the Chilean Embassy in sible that this church will become a Washington issued about April 1st reality during the next year." the following statement: Brazilian S. S. Progress The constitutional reform of 1925 brought REV. H. S. HARRIS, World's Sunabout the friendly separation of Church and day School Association Secretary for Brazil, was recently requested to State. The order referred to would apply visit the city of Sao Sebastiao de Paraiso, about fourteen hours distant only to those ecclesiastics who were serving from Sao Paulo, and hold a Sunday- school Institute for the workers in as chaplains with the armed forces or as this field, in which nine years ago there were only two Christian beteachers in the public schools since those in lievers. A Sunday-school, however, was organized about that time and charge of worship have been given in a ever since it has been the chief means of evangelizing the city and surroundtransitory provision of the Constitution of ing towns. At the Institute just held, 1925, a subsidy of 2,500,000 pesos aynenaurasllty~ to be paid during a period of nve his Grace the Archbishop of Santiago as the h~,,:d o~ the Catholic ~~r"lI in Chile, a pro- VlSlon mtended to faclhtate the transition

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

workers were present from the eentral brought out the fact that Peru was Sunday-school and from four others backward in its development. I asked in near-by places, all under the general what they thought was the reason for direction of the pastor at Sao it, and' what they thought could be Sebastiao. These five schools reported done. They all gave splendid answers.

an average total attendance each Sun- Olga Bianizza waved her hand franti- day of 465 and the work is growing cally and when she was given permis- rapidly from month to month. The sion to speak, this in substance is what two watchwords of the Sunday-school she said: 'Peru is backward because movement in Brazil are "Efficiency" the people are not educated. If they and "Extension," and the devotion are not educated, they cannot think to these ideals accounts largely for the and they don't know how to do things.

fact that the Sunday-school enrollment There are no big industries developed in Brazil has trebled during the past by Peruvians because the people are ten years, growing from thirty to 90,- selfish and will not cooperate. What 000. Institute work and teacher-train- I think Peru needs, most of all, is ing classes are stressed as means of good schools. If I was jete (superin- promoting efficiency and of preparing tendent) of the schools, I would have workers. all fiscal (public) schools have media (high schools). Then if I was big, I Mennonites GQ to Paraguay would go into the interior and educate FOR two centuries the Mennonites the Indians.' I must confess that I have passed from one Christian was completely taken off my feet to country to another, seeking a resting- get an answer like that from a twelveplace and have not found it. The year-old. "

founder was a Swiss radical in reli- gion. Their tenets are similar to those Pan-American Children's Gifts of the Friends. The members refrain THE sending by American children from taking the oath, and from mili- of thousands of dolls for the antary service, and usually from the nual "dolls' festival" in Japan has official life of citizenship. They been one striking illustration of the settled in western Canada in large principle that friendship among the numbers, but came into violent conflict with the Government during the children of different countries is a war. They have now secured large firm foundation on which to build concessions of land in Paraguay, 2,000 world peace. Another working out of miles up the river Uruguay. An ad- the same principle is found in the vance guard of 309 recently shipped recent arrival in New York City of a for that point, and it was estimated huge box addressed" To Indian Chilthat at least 2,000 would have reached dren of North America" and sent by that fertile country by the end of the Avmara Indian children of Bolivia April. The Government has given through the La Paz mission. Dolls in picturesque native costumes, reed them 3,000 acres of rich land and a whistles, baskets and pottery in brilcharter promising them freedom from liant colors are laborious and painsmilitary work or service for all time. taking examples of the children's -United Presbyterian. self-denial and labor as well as friend- A School Girl's Program for Peru ship and good will. The gifts will be distributed by Miss Edith M. Dabb T HE Women's Foreign Missionary of the Y. W. C. A. to Indian children Society of the Methodist Episcopal on the reservations. "These children Church conducts a successful school are descendants of the ancient Inca for girls in Lima, Peru. One of the civilization in La Paz. The people teachers recently wrote: "One day are famous as makers of the most per- in geography class the discussion was fect thread in the world and for their led so that the children themselves weaving. The weaving even from

these young children is exquisitely a striking effect. The order and done." The poverty of the Aymara decorum were unexceptional, but Indian makes this Pan-American gen- there seemed no sense of restraint. erosity the more remarkable..- This, indeed, was one of the character- istics of the services. Nothing was EUROPE more notable than the eager-hearted manner in which the prisoners ap- London Student Campaign peared to enter into the spirit of each night '8 proceedings. " All the preach- UNDER the leadership of the ers paid the men the compliment of British Student Movement, a appearing in ecclesiastical garb. united six-day campaign in the colleges and hospitals of London took Religion Today in Rnssia place late in February. For this campaign forty-four colleges had been GEORGE LANSBURY, a wellpreparing for nearly two years, and known British Socialist, describthey had the help of thirty-eight missioners, including seven bishops and a ing changes he found in revisiting long list of clergy and laymen. London is one of the largest student Russia recently, makes a number of fields in the world. The Student Movement is at work among over 27,- statements which, says The Americam 000 students in London, while there are in addition a large number of law Friend, "seem to rest upon careful students and students in polytechnics doing a full-time course, who are as observation." He believes that a new yet untouched by the Movement. The program of the mission issued by the expression of religion is developing in London Council tells us that "yast numbers of these students are out of Russia, and describes a visit to a touch with all organized Christianity, and just drift along without ever monastery where, although the abbot getting or making an opportunity to discover what Christianity stands had at one time been arrested for for." This mission was therefore intended primarily to present the Chris- counter-revolutionary propaganda, tian challenge to a larger number of students than are normally drawn in- the orthodox churches are full, and to Christian Union activities. there are many other groups carrying Evangeli$m in Scottish Prisons on their own types of religious serv- AN INTERESTI~G experiment in preaching the Gospel to those in ices. Church property has been prison is reported by the Record of the United Free Church of Scotland. confiscated, but all types of churches A fortnight's special religious services were recently held in Barlinnie are open and freely attended by those Prison, for which every facility was granted. All the churches partici- who desire. He says: "The fact that pated, and the Salvation Army also had its turn. Attendance was the mass of people are openly and optional, but at every service there were about four hundred prisoners. avowedly not Communists makes non- No officials were present. "The absence of every semblance of official sense of the statement that the Russian surveillance, " it is said, "had at once nation is forced to renounce religion and accept atheism as a creed. The peasants who make up the mass of the people are still loyal to the forms of religion." .

"Zoi" Brotherhood in Greece SPECIAL atfention is being given to Sunday-school work in Greece by the "Zoi" Brotherhood of the Orthodox Greek Church. This work has the hearty support of the Arch- bishop and of the clergy generally and there are some among their clergymen who are rendering exceptional co- operation. The" Zoi" Life Brother- hood is a very active and devout group of people who have banded themselves together to spread sound Christian literature throughout

NEWS FROM MANY LAKDS

Greece. They maintain a publishing found his way to the American society and a tract agency. They issue Board's school at Beira, where he bereligious books and tracts and their came a Christian. A few years later family newspaper has a circulation of he went to America, took the normal 40,000, the largest circulation of any course at Hampton Institute, and paper in Greece. Their work is afterward was graduated with honor strongly evangelical and deeply re- from Columbia University. Last fall ligious. The Brotherhood is composed he returned to his old home, greeted of lay and clerical members about his mother and proceeded to Mount seventy-five in number. The lay mem- Silinda to engage in missionary work. bers work in banks, offices and busi- So impressed was the British Comness houses but pay all their earnings missioner with Simango's ability and into a common fund which is used for bearing that he invited him to his own the circularization of the Bible and home and then summoned the natives their special publications. They live to meet him. Two thonsand gathered very cheaply in order to save their at }Iount Silinda, where the Commis· earnings. for the prosecution of their sioner, introducing Simango as an work. example of what education and Chris- tianity can do for an African lad, AFRICA urged them to send their children to school. Then he took him to Chikore Missionary ~rders by Radio and Tanganda and repeated the speech before other throngs. It is said VISIONS of foreign missionaries that Simango has shown a fine spirit ordering supplies and communi- at all times and has accredited himself cating with their Board and friends on everv side and will undoubtedly be from fields all over the world bv a great' power among his people. means of radio messages have resulted from the receipt of a radiogram from Canadians Take Angola Work Mr. Edwin Cozzens, Presbyterian missionary in the Cameroun, 'Vest ONE result on the mission field of Africa. The radio message from Mr. the organization of the United Cozzens was received by V. S. Volz, Church of Canada has been the recent J amesville, Minn. It was addressed turning over to its Board of Foregin to Clarence A. Steele, Assistant ;Iissions a section of the territory in Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board, Angola, West Africa, occupied by and was as follows: "Please duplicate Canadian Congregationalists in coorder of June 16, 1926 to Henry A. operation with the American Board. Kienzle, New York, one dynamotor The J[issionary Herald comments as equipped as previously." In sending follows on the arrangement: "Perfect the message to the Presbyterian For- cooperation in .service and harmony eign Board, Mr. Volz stated that he of purpose will be maintained, though received the message at 12: 05 a. m. Chisamba, Kamundongo, and Dondi and that, due to daylight coming on can no longer be claimed as stations in Africa, the signals faded out so of the American Board. Each year, that he was not able to get the ship- traveling by 'kaffirmobile' or Ford or ping instructions. By means of this hammock, the missionaries will gather radio message, Mr. Cozzens's order for a joint annual meeting, and each was filled immediately and the long year the native members of the one delay that would have ensued had the Church of Christ will seek the order been sent by mail was obviated. precious guias or permits from the authorities which will safeguard them An African's Notable Record as they tramp two or three days' journey, with their food supply on K AMBA SIMANGO, born in a their heads, to join in the yearly grass hut in the lowlands or series of revival meetings known as Portuguese East Africa, with nothing behind him but a pagan ancestry,

the conference." Currie Institute for to us, made a complete confession, and boys, Means School for girls, and the asked us what to do about it. He Sarah H. Bates Memorial Press will knew that acknowledgment to the be continued as union enterprises. Government of his theft and deceit might send him behind the prison Zambesi Industrial Mission bars, but he was ready for anything RECENT news of this enterprise is that he might get the peace of God in thus given by the London Chris- his heart. So he went straight to the tian: "Things have changed since the government officials, confessed his Mission was established in 1893. War misdeeds, and paid back all he had has ceased, slavery has disappeared, stolen. If we should ask him today life is guarded as in civilized lands, if that experience was worth all it cost the poison ordeal has disappeared, and to him, his face would immediately other evils have hid their heads. light up and he would answer with a Schools, which are centers of evan- glad ' Yes.' "

gelistic efforts, are dotted over the land. On the stations, where the central A Moslem Builds a Cburch A churches are, each of the monthly MEMBERJ of the Egyptian Mis- sion of the United Presbyterian communion services is attended by a thousand or so native Christians, who Church tells this unusual story: "One gather from all the outlying villages to Sabbath morning not long ago I be present-some of them traveling a preached at the first meeting held in day's journey on foot. Most of these a new church building in one of our possess the New Testament in their Egyptian towns. A number of Chrisown language (one consignment of tians from neighboring towns were Testaments from the Bible Society present to share in the praise and worweighed about ten tons, and did ship. It is interesting to note that this not cost the Society a penny, as meeting-place was built by a promiall were bought and paid for by the nent Moslem, who owns a large tract natives) . The book is no ornamental of land around the town. He had p<lsse!;sion. The people have been built a mosque for the M{)slems. Then taught to read, and love it. They de- the Christians requested him to put up light to spread abroad the Good Tid- for them a building for a school and ings, for every native convert becomes church. Although there was some opa propagandist, anxious and eager to position, yet he had the building bring others. Much has been ac- erected. Of course, it is a very uncomplished, but yet much remains to usual thing for Moslems to build a church for Christians. It makes a be done." fine meeting-place for that small town, Confession Brings Peace and is a wonderful improvement over C F. CONOVER, a missionary of the poor building in which they met • the American Friends Board of formerly. That Sabbath mbrning was Missions in Kenya Colony writes: one of joy and thanksgiving."

"At our last monthly meeting a native man gave his testimony. For THE NEAR EAST years back his face has been so cloudy Women's Social Work in Turkey A and surly and without a spark of joy SUCCESSFUL attempt has been made to interest the students at in it. He had been carrying a burden of deceit and theft against the Constantinople Woman's College in Government ever since the war. A variolls kinds of social service and to few months back the Spirit of the secure the cooperation of the women Lord gripped his heart and each new of the city in caring f{)r the needy circumstance in his life caused the about them. Through the social serv- burden to grow heavier until one day ice center maintained by the college, h ecould stand it no longer. He came young women stuQents have an op-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

portunity, even while pursuing their hotel, and in stone graven over the studies, to have some practical experi- doorway is a text or Scripture, 'When ence in playground work, community the Lord helpeth, we are helped in- clubs, educational programs, and case deed.' It was necessary for the rabbi work. Some of the outstanding activi- and an interpreter, a Jew, to be pres- ties of the social service committee are ent representing his former faith; a "Children's Hour" conducted for and Mr. Payne was there as represent- boys and girls of the neighborhood, ing the Mission and the Christian classes in games and gymnastics held community. He had to make a decla- regularly in a Turkish orphanage, and ration after ten minutes' private in- a sewing club which makes and re- terview with the rabbi, in the presence models clothes for distribution among of the Governor. The rabbi knew him the poor. as having been a believer already, and Near East College Association the interview, when he declared that he firmly believed in Jesus as his T HIS organization has been in- Messiah and Saviour, was cut short. corporated by the six American He had to lay his hand upon a Hebrew Colleges in the Near East-Robert copy of the Old and New Testaments College, Constantinople Woman's Col- in the presence of the Governor when lege, the American University of Beirut, International College of he took this step."

Smyrna, Sofia American Schools, and Christ in Armenian Hearts Athens College, Greece-which have been affiliated informally for the pur- By WAY of a paper published in pose of economy and efficient manage- Lucknow, The Indian Witness, ment and for raising the $15,000,000 comes this story from a missionary in endowment fund needed to put them the Near East: "I remember an afteron a permanent financial basis. The noon spent with a little group of purpose of the Near East College As- church leaders and workers. Almost sociation, according to an announce- every person in the room had seen his ment by the executive committee, is to dearest butchered or driven to death give to internationally-minded people by the Turks. As they sat there they "who believe in this movement of one by one gave their testimony to practical idealism an opportunity to their acceptance of what we called enlist in a movement that offers a 'the Christian way of revenge.' One practical program for producing of these leaders writes, 'I am ready to leadership, creating understanding preach to Turks as soon as the op" and inspiring cooperation among the portunity comes. I believe the blood peoples of the Near East." The aim of my nation will not have been shed is to have 100,000 members by Janu- in vain. I am always ready to pray ary 1, 1928. Headquarters are at 18 that the remnant of my people may Bast 41st Street, New York City. be the means of bringing the Turk to Christ.' Another in the same group A Jewish Con-vert's Examination says, 'I say that this is just the time T HE British Society for the Propa- to begin gospel preaching among the gation of the Gospel among the Moslems. The general attitude of Jews reports the baptism of a man in the Christian churches in the Near whom its workers in Palestine had East should be the attitude of Christ, long been interested, and continues: that was f()rgiveness, sympathy, love, " According to the government rule in prayer and brotherhood. Every Chris- Palestine, it is necessary where there tian church that is conscious of her is a change of faith, for the convert call cannot stand aloof. but will be to go before the representative of the ready to cooperate and work with Government, and this he did in De- prayer and Christlike life that will cember. The building in which the contain cr{)ss and martyrdom and not interview took place is an old German only a high and comfortable life.' "

A Loyal Witness in Arabia beautiful passages, sought to show him the great love that God through AFTER describing some of the al- Christ had for mankind and urged most overwhelming obstacles him to read it with an open prayful which those in Arabia who want to mind." follow Christ must overcome, Rev. DIrk Dykstra of Amara writes: INDIA, BURMA and SIAM "There is one man in our station who has held to his lone course for the Hindu Students Exalt Service last five years and is bravely living the life of allegiance to Christ, and A ~ I:ITERESTING illustration of testifying every day by his words and the way in which the spirit of his works to the love of God as it is Christianity influences those who are in Christ Jesus. It is marvellous to in contact with it, even though they see how the grace of God can take a still hold to their own religions, is man whose early years were steeped furnished by a report from the colin the teachings and the superstitions lege in Madura, South India, which and the bigotry of Islam, and, simply has been conducted by the American by filling him with the sense of the Board for many years. The Hindu love of Christ, transform that man students have formed a "Brotherinto a preacher and an exponent of hood of Service" which works for the Gospel.. His main religious diver- quality and not quantity. "Weare sion used to be to chant the Moharram not interested in having large numservices, some of the most tragic and bers join this Brotherhood," said a at the same time the most fanatic member, "but only those students who Moslem.literature. But now his chief are interested in service." They buy delight is the reading of the Sermon cotton and spin it into thread which on the Mount and the Twelfth of they giye away to the poor to be woven Romans to any who come within the into cloth. Their purpose is stated as range of his voice." an Association to "render service to- wards the upliftment of our nation in An Arab's Interest in the Bible the following ways: 1. Village or- ganization; 2. Prohibition of drink; DR. IDUIS P. DAME, of the Ara- 3. Remoyal of untouchability; 4. Edu- bian Mission of the Reformed cation of untouchables as well as of Church in America, who contributed the poor; 5. Spread of home inan article on his medical mil;sionary dustries, especially khaddar (weavwork to the February REVIEW, relates ing). the following incident in Shugra in Nejd, a very fanatical city in the heart Fame of Moga School of Wahabiland: ' .We were entertained there by one of the town T HE unique work which is being leaders. This man is one of the few done at the training school for vil- Arabs who actually reads, reads not lage teachers at Moga, in the Punjab, only relig:ous books, but especially is becoming more and more widely historical and books of general inter- known. Recently a request was reest. Almost at once he picked out one ceived by the school for four Mogabook and said: 'I have a book here trained men to go to Abyssinia to that I do not understand very well. teach in a state school, which is under I want to ask you a great many ques- the patronage of the Crown Prince. tions about it. One of mv friends was "This," says the annual report, "is one day in Damascus a~d he bought an illustration of the Rervice Moga is this book in a book-store.' It was an called upon to render to the cause of Arabic Bible. Unfortunately he had Christian education, not only in our been reading it with a prejudiced own Mission, but in the Punjab and mind: to find fault was his chief aim. throughout India, Ceylon and Burma. I invited his attention to some of the This is the first time a call has come from a 'foreign' land……. It is

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

especially encouraging that our a very good memory. Not only did visitors during the year have been not she repeat for us the Commandments, only missionaries, but Indians, Chris- the Lord's Prayer, and the Creed, but tian and non-Christians, who hold quoted some verses from the Bible and positions of educational leadership. applied them to real life. And so Another way in which Moga is 'a should each lambardarni prepare service station' influencing educa- herself. Why? Because there is no tional thought in India is through the other woman to teach the Christian Village Teachers' Journal which is women of the village the truths of being increasingly used by educators Christianity; there is no other woman to report and discuss experiments in to call the women of the village toelementary education." gether on Sabbath morning for wor- ship; there is no other woman to be a Bible Study Popula.r good Christian example to the village women." MR. S. K. CHATTERJI, Head- master of the Boys' High School Chinese C,hristians in BUrDla in Calcutta, writes: "A change has come over the student population. TWENTY-FIVE years ago a few There was a time in my student days Chinese Christians from Fukien when I happened to be the only Chris- Province went to Rangoon, Burma, tian student in the class. I used to seeking relief from both religious perfind the floor covered with torn pages secution and ecoll{lmic hardships. of the Scriptures, and the boys trod Soon they were joined by others; and them underfoot. In my school I teach some Christians also came from the topmost class of boys in Scripture. Canton to join the growing colony. Two years ago I was taking them in Twenty years ago the Chinese Meth- St. John's Gospel. It was nearing odist congregation, speaking the dia- Easter time. I said I would skip lect of Hokkien, gathered around a certain chapters and come to the Pas- simple table to carryon their worship sion of our Lord, because I wanted together. Today the Hokkien-speakthem to realize the full meaning of ing Methodist Episcopal Church is Easter. Wednesday came, and I had self-supporting j with its energetic not come to the end. Next day, Thurs- Chinese pastor it expects to have a day, I had a class in English composi- membership of 500 within a few years. tion, but when I entered the class the There is also a young Cantonese pasboys as a whole stood up and said, tor in charge of a growing congrega- 'Sir, we would rather that you took us tion of people who look back to Canton in Scripture.' English composition is as their home. The Methodist boys' a subject which Indian boys are very school has 130 Chinese pupils. keen on, and for them to say they preferred Scripture came as a very Young Siamese Missionaries great surprise to me. This is what Christian education has done and is REV. LOREN S. HANNA, of still doing." Lakawn, Siam, writes of a party of Siamese Christians who started out A Christia.n Headman's Wife recently for French Indo-China, to work among the Kamoo people there. MRS. V. E. COAPMAN, of the He says: "Young Elder Jewell and American Presbyterian Mission his wife and two small children in Lahore, India, writes: "The Chris… started out on the long journey, travtian lambardars of thirteen surround- eling by auto, boat. ox cart, and afoot. ing villages were called together at Where foot travel is necessary we arour camp"for a jalsa (meeting). We ranged to have the mother and chilasked them all to bring their wives as dren carried. 'rhe baby was only the Memsahiba wished to tell them all about a month old at the time they something. Karm Bibi of Dhamke has left. In the party are also Deacon

Sook, a newly ordained deacon of the formerly President of Princeton, who Kamoo community in Muang Sai; and took an active part fifty years ago in Hru (Teacher) Chai Ha, who went founding the Alliance, has agreed, up there twenty-five years ago from notwithstanding his advanced years, Lampang, but who was forbidden by to cross the Atlantic in order w the French Government to preach. preach the sermon at this service, and He has ministered faithfully to the other leading ministers from Europe few who remained loyal Christians and America are expected to take during the years of persecution." part. The Third General Continental Conference of the Alliance is to take GENERAL place at Budapest early in September.

World Religions and Peace The Hungarian Reformed Church is T HAT a preliminary conference on making elaborate preparations for plans and arrangements for a this event and has undertaken to re- Universal Religious Peace Conference, gard as its guests all visitors from the to be held in 1930, will be held during time of their arrival at Vienna till the the summer of 1928, has been an- end of the conference.

nounced by the Church Peace Union. The union was founded in 1914 by Y. M. C. A. Emphasis on 1927-9 Y Andrew Carnegie, with the view of OUNG Men's Christian Associa- tions throughout the world will bringing the c'ombined religious life of America to bear upon the problem of observe the years 1927, 1929 and 1929 obtaining permanent peace among na- as the nineteen-hundredth anniversary tions. The preliminary conference of the three years' public ministry of will be attended by fifty individuals Jesus. According to the general eon- representing eleven religions; the of- sensus of Christian chronologists, the ficers of the Church Peace Union, and anniversary falls within those years.

ten additional representative men and The call for this observance has been women chosen at large throughout the issued by Dr. John R. Mott, chairman world, making a total of seventy-five of the World's Committee of the Y.

delegates, representing twenty-nine M. C. A. to the forty national councils different countries and forty-five na- and alliances represented on that com- tionalities. Dr. Henry Atkinson, mittee. The plan was approved at the General Secretary of the Church world meeting of the Y. 1L C. A.

Peace Union, in making the announce- which was held in Finland last Au- ment of the conference, said; gust. The idea is largely credited to There will be no attempt to compare re- R. F. McWilliams, of Winnipeg, ligions or to judge or read.just according to Canada, chairman of the Canadian any schedule the religious faith of any in- National Council. The commemoradividual or people. The sole purpose of the tion, in its general aspects, will be conference will be to consider how the forces carried forward, Dr. Mott states, by of religion in all ""tions can be mobilized in a concerted action against war and that "furthering an intensive study of the spirit and those things that make for war. personality, work and message of our Presbyterians to Meet in Europe Lord Jesus Christ concerning the whole range of the life and relation- THE Alliance of Ref 0 r m e d ships of men." The bulletin of the Churches Throughout the World Home Division of the National Coun- Holding the Presbyterian System is cil points out that" to recall the days arranging for two important gather- of His ministry is to be driven back ings this year. The Jubilee of the past Christianity to Jesus Christ First General Council, which was held Himself, " and that "in the story of in Edinburgh in 1877, is to be cele- those brief years of service which brated by a special service in St. overturned the world there must lie Giles' Cathedral in that city Wednes- the secret of creative power. All sorts day, July 6. Dr. Francis L. Patton, of men are asking for the answer. " iRAP " Vuu' 'VV'U'

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.- rHE REVIEW.

American Agricultural Villages. Edmund construction in villages of as many de~. Brunner, Gwendolyn S. Hughes and churches as a city would need. There Marjorie Patten. 330 pp. $3.50. New York. 1927. are ~ore churches in villages in pro- For some reason the village has kept portIOn to the population than in any out of sight of our popular philoso- other type of community, and even phers, especially church strategists, more than the surplus of churches is and we did not know we had such a the superabundance of ministers. In phenomenon_ Now Dr. Brunner and addition to the village thinking of it- his associates of the Institute of Social self as a city, the National Boards of and Religious Research have drawn Missions think of the village as "a back the curtain. And behold the strategic center"; and many an ad- village! So impressed are the writers ditional church has justified its ex- with the peculiarities of the village istence by its promise of ministering that they propose a third census divi- to farmers round about.

sion, besides "Rural" and "Urban" Unfortunately the relations of the namely" Villager." A village is n'ot village to the people on the farms are a city; it is a thing by itself; a new not cordial; that is, in the greater experience which people have not ad- number of cases they are indifferent mitted they were enjoying. So that or antagonistic. The farmer feels this Dr. Brunner and his fellow workers deeply, and he expresses his alienation are holding the mirror up to the man by refusing to go to the village church.

living in a place of not less than 250, Dr. Brunner brings out the increase not more than 2500 population, and in the number of villages that are are permitting him and his neighbors establishing cordial relations with the to see themselves as villagers. country about, and he is impressed This book goes beyond its predeces- with the great increase, in recent sors and tells what is the structure, years, of attendance at the village the anatomy, the inevitable table of chur~he.s by country people. In spite contents of a village. Of course, we of thIS lllcrease the proportion of the all knew before, but what we vulgarly people in the country who attend the know we do not deliberately say. Who village church is very small. The expects anything as he motors into a farmer in the Middle West is more small town, into a country village, but alien to the village than the farmer two stores, two railroad depots, two in the far West, perhaps because the banks, and a warehouse or more at village process has been going on least three lodges and three to frve longer there. Those of us who have churches? You could count them if labored for the evangelization of it were dark-and you can depend country people know all too well that upon this analysis, which could be !he village churches neglect the people made farther-if you had not facts III the country and that the resources to go on. Just as a man has two eyes of the Home Mission Boards have been and two ears, so a village has this concentrated where competition is structur~. The refusal to recognize greatest, namely, the villages. A that a VIllage is a village caused the change for the better in an increasing 397 attendance upon village churches by The Church and Missions. Robert E. Speer. 12, mo. 222 pp. $1.75. New York. 1926. farmers is caused by the drift of farmers into the village on their own There was never more need than toinitiative. The probability is that the day for a clear and convincing note as to the essential character and the more prosperous come to town to real program of Christianity. Dr. church and the poor people either stay Speer shows that there is no need for at home or attend the weakened and a new Gospel and that there is no other Gospel than that set forth in irregular services in the country. The the New Testament. There is, how- Institute has been studying the rural ever, need for clearer conception of it population for eight years past and and for living more in harmony with the expressions of disquiet at the the teachings of Christ. Dr. Speer growth of ecstatic and irresponsible calls attention to the expression of Christianity through the missionary sects, usually on the margin of a work of evangelical churches and shows how the Church grew in harvillage or town, are very emphatic in mony with the world-wide program of Christ. The present-day aim of tlie this volume. Church is expressed in missionary en- terprises at home and abroad. The But the great question in this book new demands are created by new conis-what is the village to one who ditions–intellectual, social, industrial studies the American scene? The and religious. " The Rich Fruitage of Foreign Missions" is described in the pages which answer this question are concluding chapter.

a delight because they give sure in- The book is a stimulating and valuformation. A village is a compact of able contribution to C h r i s t ian thought; it is rich in facts and illus- "services." . This name is given by trative material gathered from wide Professor J. H. Kolb of the University reading and vital contacts with East of Wisconsin. The farmer would say and West. these service agencies are "ex- China, Yesterday and Today. E. T. Wilploiters" and in the northwest" para- liams. Revised Edition. Large Map. Ilsites. " They are the banks, the stores, lustrations. 8 vo. 664 pp. $4.50. New York. 1927. the lodges, the processing factories, China is much in the public eye and the warehouses. tl.e newspapers. in the daily press dispatches. Many Above all, the village is made by the fundamental questions are asked that are here answered intelligently and railroad. Lodges are a factor in a correctly. The book was published in 1923, but has been revised and village and one wonders anew at the brought up-to-date by rewriting the American habit of joining. However, sections on present conditions in the chapters on "Spheres of Interest" no one cares for the young people, and "The Struggle for Democracy." It is an interesting and informing especially are boys neglected, so far story and an excellent book for study as social provision is concerned. or reference.

One is moved, in reading this fine China Today Through Chinese Eyes. Eleevolume to congratulate Dr. Brunner ond Series. By Seven Chinese Leaders. on the great feat he has accomplished 12 mo. 115, pp. $1.25. New York. 1926.

as a survey worker. All of his studies The names of David Z. T. Yui, M. are precious in putting the subjects T. Tschou, P. C. Hsu, T. C. Chao, T.

of vague discussion into the field of assured knowledge. What we used to guess about and differ upon, without an umpire to decide for us, we now can agree in, and. because of this satisfactory collection of facts, we can go on to the more important issues.

Here is sensational material. The Protestant churches administer one of the greatest businesses in America; it will not be long until they realize that knowledge has come and they must use it. w. H. W. T. Lew, F. C. M. Wei and T. Z. Koo thor is a professor in Duke Univerare sufficient to make one wish to read sity, North Carolina, and the son of this book. We are not disappointed, Bishop James Cannon, Jr. for it presents a view of China from Putting on Immortality. Clarence Edward the standpoint of native-born Chinese, Macartney. 12 mo. 189 pp. $1.50. Re· educated in America and Europe, veIl. New York. 1926. loyal Christians and earnest patriots. They write on the present situation in The seyeral chapters of this book politics, industry, education, religious were probably originally composed thought, and the needs of the Christian movement in China. We cannot as sermons. The style is sermonicagree with every position they take, but it is exceedingly helpful to have inevitably so, for the author has the their view of conditions, the outlook and the remedy, homiletic habit of thought. The titles of the various chapters indicate the trend of the author's thought: "What All Men Feel," "Pagan Ideas, " "Old Testament Ideas,"

Christianity in the Modern World. Ernest "Can We Talk with the Dead?" DeWitt Burton. 12 mo. 195 pp. $2.00. Chicago. 1927. "The Resurrection of the Body,"

"The Last Judgment," "'Future Ret- These papers and addresses, pub- ribution, " etc. There is much of lished after the death of Dr. Burton, comfort on almost every page. Lit- form a collection of fugitive utter- erary allusions are frequent and his- ances on religious themes. They are toric references are numerous: Of course th~re is no sustained argudivided into two series, the first deal- ing with" The Religion of Jesus and ment. Immortality is one of the un- of Paul," and the second with" Chris- proyables-but none the less tenable tianity in the Life of Today." on that account. "The heart has rea- They represent the more "liberal" sons which Reason never knew." The school of modern theological thought philosophical student has access to and show the personal religious con- more rewarding books on immortal- victions of one who has been known ity, but this volume may well be put best as a technical New Testament into the hands of those who have been scholar and as an educational execu- bereaved, who believe in Christ, yet tive. The last three of the sixteen ad- who lack assurance. It is a docu- dresses touch upon some phases of the ment which on the whole tends to con- missionary enterprise, more particu- firm our intuitions of imm(>rtality larly from the viewpoint of an edu- and rekindle our courage in the face cator. Two addresses refer briefly to of death. c. c. A.

the present currents of life, and to the problems of religious education in From Japan to Jernsalem: Personal Im- pressions of Journeying in the Orient. China. c. R. E. Christine I. Tinling. 144 pp. $1.25. Xew York. ]926. A History of Southern Methodist Missions. James Cannon, III. 12 mo. 35( pp. Traveling as a representative of the $1.50. Nashville, Tenn. 1926. 'World's Woman's Christian Temper- ance Union, Miss Tinling was chiefly The Methodist Church, South, has interested in a study of the use of had a remarkable history for worthy alcohol and narcotics in the countries achievement. Their missions began which she visited. In Japan and nearly one hundred years ago and now Korea, in the Philippines, Manchuria, extend to China, Japan, Korea, Man- India, Burma, Egypt, and Palestine, churia, South America, Mexico, West she addressed large audiences, chiefly Indies and Africa. This volume is of students, and everywhere she had full of facts and was prepared for a the cooperation of missionaries and textbook. It consists largely of was well received by the people. In names and dates and is too dry to describing her visit to Manchuria, she attract the general reader. The au-

says that a temperance worker "is alone; but with a conviction as to often welcomed where the direct what he regards as a Christianity of preaching of the Gospel would not be more worth than that commonly tolerated. " Japanese officials in practiced today. The last chapter Korea are supporting the work of the voices the need for a new reformation W. C. T. U. by introducing scientific to complete that of Luther's day. In temperance education in the schools setting forth present conditions Dr.

and colleges. As a book of travel in Eddy makes a strong plea for con- the Orient, this book claims no special fronting the situation with positive distinction, but is a good presentation Christian action in keeping with the of the work of the W. C. T. U. and of results of modern education.

the progress made by the nationals J. F. R. of various countries in organizing against the evils of drink and opium. Japan Reute. Berlin. 1926. Ostasien Mis- sion. By Missions direktor D. Dr. Witte. F. A. G.

New Challenges to Faith: What Shall I The prolific director of the Ostasien Believe in the Light of Psychology and Mission, presents in compact form in the New Scienc~1 Sherwood Eddy. 256 30 pages, full information about Ja- pp. $].50. New York. 1926. pan, its geography, its people, the To write a book with such a title is changes that have come in the life of to lay heavy demands upon one's self. Japan, the life in the old religions, Whatever we may think of the au- proofs of the success of Christian thor '8 point of view, or his conclu- missions, the work of his own society sions, he is never dull, and is often and a final short appeal. . For succhallenging to the reader's thought. cinct information for use in study Much study evidently lies behind this classes this little book is unrivalled.

book. The volume is the result of a Justo Rufino Barrios. A Biography by Paul sabbatical year spent in Columbia, Burgess. 286 pp. $3. Philadelphia. 1926. Teachers College and Union Theological Seminary during 192fi-26, to study Because of its author, its authenfresh currents of thought, and the ticity and its subject, this book delatest conclusions of science and phil- serves a permanent place in the bioosophy. graphical literature of Latin America.

We may question Dr. Eddy's judg- The author is a Christian scholar, ments and conclusions in many re- a missionary of the Presbyterian spects but he grips the reader. His Church, who is devoting his life to chapters are: The New Science; The pioneer service among the Indians of New Psychology; A New Discovery Guatemala. In the preparation of of God; The New View of the Bible; this biography, Dr. Burgess has gone What Is Christianity? The New Ref- directly to the original sources in ormation. In these he covers the Spanish, both oral and written, and views of Evolution and Relativity; his book is authentic and reliable.

Behaviorism, Psychoanalysis, the Ges- Justo Rufino Barrios was President talt School; the new view of God in of Guatemala from 1873 to 1885. He Nature. In his chapter on the Bible fought tyranny in every form, ecohe presents the principle of gradual, nomic, political and ecclesiastical; today he stands "in the place of popprogressive revelation, stating that ular esteem in Guatemala which "a frank facing of all the facts does Lincoln occupies in the United States." The description of Presiconstitute a challenge to faith. " dent Barrios' battles with the Roman "What is Christianity" is answered Catholic Church, the expUlsion of the by saying "It is following Jesus' way Jesuits and the limiting of the temof life, in love of God and Man." poral and political power of the "This is not static, but progressive, Roman Church, the framing of a nathe germ out of which life develops. "

The author speaks for himself