The Missionary Review of the World — July 1937

1937

, The Murdoch Trail in Kentucky Alvin E. Magary What Rural Churches Are Doing w. H. Thompson Pioneering for Christ in Kwangsi A. C. Snead China and the New Life Movement Generalissimo. Chiang Kai..shek Thinking Yellow vs. Acting Yellow Geoffrey W. Royall The Problem of the Rural Church in Canada J. R. Watt A Brahman Christian……Nehemiah Goreh 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember September 27 – October 1 – Houston, of her service to Japanese women

Texas. Dean, Mrs. A. B. Haynes, the field of education. M>iss Loomis July 5-16-New Jersey Summer 618 Highland Ave., Houstori, Texas. was principal of Doremus High School School for Christian W 0 r k e r s, for girls in Yokohama from 1901 until Blairstown, N. J. October 5-6- Warren, Ohio. Mrs. her retirement last year. She is the George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., second missionary in this school to be July 8-13 – International Christian Warren, Ohio. so honored by the Emperor, the first Endeavor Convention, Grand Rap- being Miss Julia N. Crosby, one of ids, Mich. October 21 – Baltimore, Md. Mrs. the founders of the mission, who went David D. Baker, 410 N. Calhoun to Japan in 1871. July 11-16 – Anniversary, First Con- St., Baltimore, Md. ference of American Methodism. *** Old St. George's Church. Phila- Personal Items Dr. Tom Lambie, recently in charge delphia. Dr. E. Stanley Jones expects to be of the work of the Sudan Interior Mis- July 12-26- World Conference on in China for six months from August sion in Ethiopia and a naturalized Life and Work. Oxford, England. 15. He goes at the invitation of the citizen of Ethiopia, has recently re- National Christian Council of China. turned from a visit to Africa to sur- July 14-17-National Council of Fed- He will be asked to give attention vey the Nigerian field with a view to erated Church Women. Lake Ge- primarily to the strengthening of opening new stations to be occupied neva, Wis. church leadership in evangelism, lay by missionaries who will no longer be service and the Christianizing of the welcome in Ethiopia. Dr. Lambie has July 19-30-Religious Education Con- home, with such work for non-Chris- applied to have his American citizen- ference. Northfield, Mass. tians and students as may be carried ship restored. During his trip he and on without diversion from this main Dr. Rowland V. Bingham went up the July 24-31-Conference of the Asso- Nile to Khartoum and later flew from ciation of Christian Youth Move- objective. there to Kano, 1,800 miles across ments of America. Stony Brook, *** Africa to the west.

L. 1. Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, a member of *** the Board of Directors of THE RE- July 31-August 6-General Confer- VIEW, has been elected president of Rev. Hafiz Abood Faris, elected to ence. Northfield, Mass. the Woman's American Baptist Home represent Syria at the Centennial cele- Mission Society at its recent annual brations of the Board of Foreign Mis- July 31-August 7-Annual Interde- meeting in Philadelphia. sions of the Presbyterian Church in nominational Young People's Con- the U. S. A., is pastor of the church ference. Stony Brook, L. I. *** at Horns, Syria; president of the Synod Dr. William J. Reid and Dr. Wil- and moderator of the Syrian Evan- August 3-18 – World Conference on gelical Church. Through his leader- Faith and Order. Edinburgh, Scot- liam J. Reid, Jr., as father and son, ship federation among the Protestants land. in Syria has been effected and included have continuously led the First United the Covenantor churches (Reformed), August 16-23 – Christian .Endeavor the Irish Presbyterian Mission and the Conference. Northfield, Mass. Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh Danish Mission churches.

August 21-29-General Bible Confer- for 75 full years, the father holding As a schoolboy Mr. Faris attended ence. Stony Brook, L. 1. the American Presbyterian Mission the pastorate for 40 years. This School at Sidon and received his the- Sept. 28-30 – Annual Interdenomina- unique anniversary has recently been ological training at Suk-ul-Gharb. He tional Missionary Institute, Wom- is related to the talented Abood fam- an's Interdenominational Union of celebrated in Pittsburgh. In a curious ily which has furnished the Christian Philadelphia and Vicinity. First way the younger man has reproduced Church in Syria and Palestine with Baptist Church, Philadelphia. six pastors, several teachers, and a his father's work. The father was for number of workers along other lines. SUMMER CONFERENCES AND 15 years editor of the United Pres'by- He spent a number of years in Amer- SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS terian; the son has edited the same ica (1903-07), and organized an Arabic-speaking Presbyterian Church Council of Women for Home Mis- paper for 16 years. The weekly Bible among the Syrians of West Hoboken. sions and Affiliated with the Committee on Women's Work, School at the Y. M. C. A., which the *** Foreign Missions Conference elder taught for 30 years, was after- Rev. and Mrs. Phineas B. Kennedy, July 7-15-Northfield, Mass. Miss v.ho have spent forty years in Al- Amy O. Welcher, 796 Prospect Ave., ward led by the son for almost 20 bania and Macedonia as missionaries, Hartford, Conn. years. The U nit e d Presbyterian first under tHe American Board and Handbook, which the father prepared later in the Albanian Evangelical July 10-17 – Mountain Lake Park, Mission, are now in America and are Md. Chairman, Mrs. J. M. Knight, annually for many years, has been available for addresses on conditions 207 Roane St., Charleston, W. Va. and work in Albania. Mr. and Mrs. issued by the son for 22 years. The Kennedy have a fine lot of stereopticon July 17-24–Mt. Hermon, Calif. Mrs. slides and a large fund of interesting N. J. Forsberg, 1144 Eddy St., San father sent a full-page weekly discus- Francisco, Calif. information in regard to this little- sion of the Sunday school lesson to known part of the storm center of July 19-23 – Bethesda, Ohio. Miss Europe. Their address is 718 Ken- Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson St., his paper; here, too, the son has car- sington Ave., Plainfield, N. J. Moundsville, W. Va. ried on. *** ••• August 15-22 – Chautauqua, N. Y. Chairman, Miss B. Louise Wood- Dr. J. D. Jones, long pastor of one David Griffin, son-in-law of Rev. ford, 930 23d Ave. North, St. of the leading Con g reg a t ion a I Paul Rader, Chicago evangelist, ex- Petersburg, Fla. pects to make a 20,000-mile tour of churches of England, and well known Asiatic and African frontiers in a August 19-25 – Kerrville, T e x a s. three-wheeled motorcycle truck, ac- Chairman, Mrs. T. M. Cunning- in America as well as Great Britain, companied by Hubert Mitchell, of Los ham, 618 West Sydamore, Denton, Angeles. From Singapore their Texas. has been elected to the presidency of route will take them through the Ma- lay States, Burma, Tibet, across September 20-24 – Minnesota (Min- the National Free Church Council. Khyber Pass, through Persia and neapolis-St. Paul). President, Mrs. finally across the mid-section of Charles L. Grant, 610 Aurora Ave., *** Africa. St. Paul, Minn. Prof. Arthur H. Compton, eminent September 20-24–Southern California young physicist and Nobel Prize win- (Los Angeles). Mrs. H. M. Horn, ner, has been installed Chairman of 1955 Carmen Ave., Los Angeles, the Laymen's Missionary Movement, Calif. Chicago. Prof. Compton has served on the Committee for eight years. September 27 – October 1 – Dallas, Texas. Pres., Mrs. E. R. Alderson, *** 561 Goodwin St., Dallas, Texas. Miss Clara Denison Loomis, for thirty-five years a missionary in Japan under the Woman's Union Mis- sionary Society of America, was re- cently honored by the Japanese Gov- ernment by being presented with the Renju Hosho, the highest decoration

MISSIONARY for your magazine as a whole. lt IS Fastest

REVIEW OF THE WORLD well for all of us to keep before us to the DELAVAN L. PIERBON, Editor the general trend in the missionary world, as well as to know some of the ORIENT VOL. LX JULy-AuG., 1937 Nos. 7 & 8 speclllc pieces of work which are be- ing carried on by other churches Japanese Publication and Business Olllce– throughout the world. Your MISSION- Girl Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. ARY KEVIEW helps to keep us informed with at these points." Editorial and Executive Olllce– lantern. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. MABEL NIEDERMEYER, Entered as second-class matter at Director of Children's Work, Go direct fromVancouverand Victoria in 10 days by Em- Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under United Christian Missionary press oj Asia or Empress oj Act of March 3, 1879. Society, Indianapolis. Russia. Only 3 more days via Hawaii by Empress ojJapan 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. *** (fastest ship on the Pacific) Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. or Empress oj Canada. Con- Published monthly, except August. "You are surely issuing a most nect at Honolulu from Cali- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 193 7. splendid magazine. I bind the copies fornia ports. Low round-trip British agents – Marshall, Morgan so as to maKe constant use of them. fares include passage from and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, I have known of interest and contribu- and to Seattle. London. E. C. 1 shilling per copy, tions through people learning of needs 10 shillings a year. as given in THE REVIEW." ~r;4 MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- REV. WILLIAM H. ENSIGN. For rates and sailings, see LISHING CO., INC. Los Angeles, Calif. YOUR TRAVEL AGENT or Cana- dian Pacific: New York, Chi- BOARD OF DIRECTORS "I think ever*y *Ch*ristian ought to ca~o, San Francisco, 38 other ROUERT E. SPEER, President citIes in U. S. and Canada. A. L. WARNSHUlS, Vice-President read THE REVIEW. It is the best thing I have ever seen on missions. Many WALTER MCDOUGALL, ~'rea8urer of my congregation are oecoming en- thUSIastic over it. One night when a DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Secretary speaker disappointed me I talked for an hour on mIssions, giving informa- SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT tion gleaned from THE REVIEW."

WILLIAM I. C'luMBERLoUN PASTOR F. L. SHANNON.

D. J. FANT Beckley, -W.-V-a.- – – – MRS. ORRIN R. JUDO THE SECRETS OF SUCCESS WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH "Push," said the button. "Take pains," said the window. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER "Never be led," said the pencil. "Be up to date," said the calendar. Editorial Chat "Always keep cool," said the ice. "Do business on tick," said the clock. Our June (Rural America) Num- "Never lose your head," said the ber has already had a large sale and is still in great demand. Order your barrel. extra copies before the supply runs "Do a driving business," said the out. Here is only one of the many favorable comments we have received: hammer. "Aspire to great things," said the nut- "Allow me to congratulate you on the splendid issue of THE REVIEW for meg. June in which you present a fine pic- "Make light of everything," said the ture of rural America. This will be of great help to the rural church fire. movement." "Do nothing off-hand," said the glove: "Look up," said the telescope. THOMAS ALFRED TRIPP, "Make much of little things," said the Associate Director, Town and microscope. Country Dept., The Church Ex- "Look ahead," said the spy-glass. tension Boards of the Congrega.- tional and Christian Churches. Obituary Note.

*** Emma Belle Dougherty Pierson, for forty-two years the beloved and Other articles on "Christ and Rural faithful wife of the Editor of this America" appear in this present issue REVIEW, fell asleep in Christ at her and more will follow later, since the home in Montclair, New Jersey, on subject is to cover a year of Home June 18, after a serious illness, last- Mission study. ing over five months. She was born in Brooklyn, New York, on December *** 15, 1871, and early gave herself to Christ,., trusting in Him for salvation As usual, in recent years, there will and all her daily needs. For nearly be no August number of THE REVIEW. fifty years she was a remarkably suc- Instead the June and July numbers cessful teacher of little children in the each have a larger number of pages. Sunday school and led many of them Many subscrioers are away in August to Christ. Her personal charm and and the summer months are less (un- many talents were dedicated to His fortunately) active in church circles. service. Mrs. Pierson was deeply in- The omission of the August issue is terested in the work of Christ at home also a help in meeting publication ex- and abroad, was active in the missionpenses. ary work of her own Church, was an officer of the Montclair Missionary *** Union and for some years a mem.:er of the Board of Foreign Missions of Our October number will be looked the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. forward to with great interest as it will be devoted to the very important (Concluded on 3d cQ'/Jer.) topic, "Christ and the Moslem World." [337 ] Other recent *com* m*ents on the RE- VIEW show that God is using it to stimulate interest in the Cause of Christ. The following are some extracts from letters: "I wish to express my appreciation

© International Photo

A RECENT PORTRAIT OF GENERALISSIMO CHIANG KAI-SHEK AND MADAME CHIANG (See article, pages 356 to 362) REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LX JULY-AUGUST, 1937 NUMBERS 7 AND 8 Topics of the Times YOUTH – WHITHER? The situation is not wholly new except in the complacency with which many parents, teachers This is ideally the golden age of youth. Never and even professing Christians look upon it. have the young men and young women had such There are many who have high ideals for the opportunities. They are awake to this new day, Church, the school, the home; what are we going with its problems and possibilities in education, to do about it? Boys and girls are capable of in politics, in science and business. Youth is also great things and their interest is not difficult to awake to the new license and opportunities in capture for the best in God's creation and procrime and lust, in war and lawlessness. It is well gram. Left alone or misled they naturally run known that the age of convicted criminals has de- wild. creased by one-half in the past twenty-five years. The widespread use of the automobile for vice and The Christian Church has a responsibility for crime, the pernicious effect of intoxicants and the the guidance of youth because of her commission degrading influence of much that is found in from God and the ideals for which she stands. At movies and theaters and in modern literature; a crime conference held in Albany, former Justice the decrease in the influence of the Church; the Alfred J. Talley said that judges of the bench laxity in parental control, and the new disregard declare the main cause of criminality in Amer- ica is the "indifference of our people to the need for God and His laws fostered in too many schools of the American child for daily religious teachand colleges – all these have not only helped to ing." He continued: further inflame "flaming youth" but now endanger the whole life of the coming generation. Recently Why is it not time to make a fresh start? In the some high schools in Greater New York and else- policy of the State, religion is kept out of the schools, where have been the subject of shocked investi- because, unhappily, one religion was fearful that another gation because of the widespread immorality that religion would get some advantage and the fatal course was reported. Such immorality is not new but was adopted of wiping out religious teaching altogether. modern tendencies have made it more prevalent Pagan divinities and their amours may be glorified in the and open and less disgraceful in the eyes of youth. school- Nero, Cresar, Hannibal, Napoleon, Henry the In one city alone five tons of salacious books and Eighth-with all their human frailties, their wars and pictures, chiefly intended for boys and girls, were devastation, but the Almighty Father, the Divine Archirecently seized, while many tons more have barely tect, the Merciful Creator who holds the destiny of the escaped a similar fate. In New York certain de- American people in the hollow of His hand must not be grading "shows" have been closed but still the mentioned before an American child in an American State refuses to exercise <censorship in behalf of school. Why is it not time to make a fresh start? the youth. While we enact and enforce laws to protect physical health, lawmakers still permit The Hon. John C. Maher, Chairman of the the deadly germs of moral and spiritual diseases Parole Commission of New York, speaking of the to be spread by those who seek to grow rich there- influence of religion in the life of the criminal, said: "To me religion stands preeminently above all the police forces and all the armies that the world has ever conceived. It has an influence on by. Who can wonder at the wave of banditry, an individual that cannot be injected by a prison, murder and increasing sex crimes that have but can be injected by those who are experts in spread alarm all over the United States? the art of reaching the inner man. The aid of the [339 ]

Church and the clergy should be definitely en- Today superstitions are breaking down before listed to help solve the problem of crime." modern education; harmful social and religious customs-such as infanticide, child marriage and A member of the New York Parole Board re- the burning of widows-are outlawed by growing cently called attention to the need for cooperation. public opinion; caste is breaking before the ad- vance of modern progress and the awakening of While it is highly desirable that something be done on a the outcastes; women are coming out of purdah religious basis, practical experience shows that not much and are taking part in public life; Christ and His can be done unless the religious groups actually will be- teachings are coming to be honored by multitudes, come interested in doing something for the criminal. Judg- even of those who are still Hindus. All these ing from my personal experience of five years in New changes have come about by the patient teachings York City, in which we have dealt with now some ten or and influence of Christian missionaries and by twelve thousand cases, I believe that generally speaking the laws and education promoted by the British the individual clergymen of all the different groups are Government. definitely disinterested in the criminal. These and other signs of progress in India are Christians have tremendous opportunities and especially evident to those who have visited the duties of service which have not yet been accepted great peninsular continent at intervals during the adequately. Some of the greatest achievements past half century. Dr. John R. Mott, who has reever accomplished, not only in science and public cently returned from his fifth visit, first went out life but in religion, have been under the energy there in 1895 in the interests of the Student and leadership of youth. Jesus Christ and the Christian Movement. Again he visited India in apostles were young men; General William Booth 1901-02 to conduct an evangelistic campaign, and was a young man when he started the Salvation eleven years later to help organize the Christian Army; the Y. M. C. A. and the Student Volunteer forces of missionaries and Indian leaders. In Movement, the Missionary Education Movement, 1928-29 he went again to help interpret the J eru· and many similar activities were initiated and led salem Conference and to form the National Chrisby young men. Where are those today that will tian Council. Now he has returned from a three organize and carry forward a new Christian cru- months' visit in connection with the International sade to enlist the youth of today in the service of Y. M. C. A. Convention at Mysore. He returns Christ and their fellowmen? with great burdens on his heart for India. The new impressions he has received have brought The responsibility for the proper training of deepened convictions and a sense of wonderful youth is divided between the State, the Church opportuni ty. and the home. In most instances the influence of the State and the school is nonreligious and non- 1. There is the conviction that the work of the Christian, if not positively antireligious and anti- missionary is not yet done in India. It is only be- Christian. The churches today have little oppor- ginning and is of prime importance. With the tunity to train the youth because the breach has new constitution the land is progressing toward been widening between them. It is necessary that independence and is struggling to attain greater the clergy and Christian laity go after the youth unity and power. In view of the new possibilities and win them, rather than expect the youth gen- in material advancement in education, in ecoerally to come to the Church for instruction. But nomic, political and social life and in religious the key to the situation is the home, the funda- attitudes, it is no time for Christians to relax their mental unity of society. If the home is character- efforts. ized by unity, purity, honesty, love, joy, faith and reverence for God, and by a true understanding 2. The present-day opportunities of evangelism of Christ and His Way of Life, then there need offer a greater challenge than ever – especially be no fear as to the way youth, under the guidance among the Depressed Classes and the students. of God, will react so as to build a Christian world The Indian Church is in the midst of a five-year for tomorrow. campaign of evangelism. This calls for a clearer understanding of the needs of India and of the THE MODERN CHALLENGE OF INDIA power of Christ to meet those needs, both indi- vidual and social, temporal and eternal. India It is diffi<;ult for many today to realize the re- needs the whole Gospel adequately presented. markable changes that have come in India in the through united Christian effort. past half century. Things that were considered impossible then have now come to pass and 3. There.is the challenge presented by the Lindchanges that seemed could only be brought about say Commission to unify, extend and improve the in a century of effort are now taking place. This Christian educational work. There are today very is true in regard to religious superstitions, and unusual opportunities to reach the college students social customs, the stranglehold of caste, the low and to train them for Christian service. position of women, the immoralities of Hinduism and the strong antipathy toward Christianity.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

4. There is the challenge presented by the med- the Mexican republic have been unusually strin- gent against the practice of religion, some States ical opportunities in India. The physical needs of having enacted legislation that is a drastic at- tempt to throttle all public worship and religious millions of people are still uncared for, and the teaching.

medical missionaries are now looked up to and Certain states have limited the number of priests to about one for every 80,000 of the poptrusted by all classes. This work is practical ulation. In others, as Chiapas and Chihuahua, only one priest has been permitted for the whole Christianity that opens many closed hearts and state. Such limitation has now been declared il- legal by the supreme court of Mexico. In the case closed doors. of Roman Catholics, who form the greater part of the population, the number of priests allowed 5. The rural probtem in India presents a tre- by law has been far below the needs of the people. In at least two states, Tabasco and Campeche, mendous challenge in a country that is ninety per the law permitted only married priests to officiate in religious worship and to administer the sacracent rural. Here is a basic problem that affects ments, so that no Roman Catholic priest could celebrate mass unless he violated his oaths of the whole work. It calls for "new investigation, celibacy and broke the discipline of his Church. In Tabasco, which is perhaps the state in which agitation, experimentation and demonstration" by antireligious legislation was most extreme, church edifices have been razed, the bricks and stones those who have the best interests of India at used for paving the streets, and the sites converted into public playgrounds. Even children have been heart. obliged to take part in the public burning of cruci- fixes, and rewards have been given to those who 6. There is the challenge of the growing literacy informed against Mexicans who privately prac- ticed religion in their own homes. Now, however, and the need for good literature. With a rapidly the governor of this same state reports that he increasing number of readers, ~nd the influx of proposes to assume an "attitude of conciliation to cheap and harmful literature, Christians must the Church." So far, that conciliation is limited to granting the privilege of private devotion; provide better periodicals and books for the read- there has been no published statement lookina- toward the renewal of permission for public reing public. With a growing Church there must ligious exercises. In other states, as San Luis Potosi and Sonora and in the Federal District, be more funds provided to supply the members masses may be celebrated in most of the churches, and there seems to be a considerable relaxation with wholesome Christian reading. in the stringent enforcement of antireligious laws. In the State of Vera Cruz, some months ago, the 7. There is the challenge for an increase in the people forcibly opened the churches after a young girl had been shot by the police during a religious missionary staff in India. The economic depres- celebration. The President of the Republic sus- tained the people and the churches have remained sion has led to a decrease in workers and a con- open, although still under police surveillance.

sequent increase in the burdens borne by those Although there are indications that the rigor of the antireligious laws of Mexico is being rewho remain. While the Church of Rome is in- laxed, the concessions thus far made are of com- paratively little importance, except so far as they creasing her missionary activity, the Protestant show a desire on the part of some officials to be less strict and unreasonable. This more lenient Church is curtailing hers. There is danger that attitude may pave the way for a more liberal interpretation in the future, or for the abrogation as the older missionaries retire younger men and of legislation that has proved ineffective because obnoxious to the majority of the people. women will not be sent out'to take their places. During the period of antireligious agitation in The result will be an alarming hiatus. . Mexico, the Protestant work has suffered very 8. There is the' challenge of new opportunity for native leadership in India. At the coming Hangchow Conference in 1938 there will be fifty Indian delegates to ten missionaries. The Indian churches are eager for help and the Christians of other lands must stand by them. The National Christian Council of India, Burma and Ceylon has now formed provincial councils that have a most important field for service – but they need help to do effective work.

India, without doubt, offers one of the greatest challenges to Christians of the present day. The progress already made, the great vital needs of the people especially along spiritual lines, the dangers that come from anti-Christian sources, the new attitude of Indians toward Christ and the Gospel, and the readiness of the Indian Church to take up the burden of responsibility-all call on the Christians of Europe and America to in- crease rather than relax prayer and sacrificial effort.

THE .CHANGING SITUATION IN MEXICO In Mexico, as in Soviet Russia, the antireligious movement seems to have lost something of its former strength and vigor. The Federal laws in

_ THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [J uly-August

little in comparison with that of the Roman Cath- social strife in America, show that it is high time olic Church. This is largely due to the fact that for the Church of Christ to reveal His power to Protestants are a small minority of the popula- transform human society as well as to save indition, their ministers are g.enerally married, they viduals. have been careful to comply with all laws affecting registration and those that regulate public The missionary work of the Church has always worship, so that foreigners have refrained from been greatly affected by the attitude of the govconducting what have been defined as religious ernments in non-Christian lands, by the social services. Recent letters from Mexico indicate conditions and customs, and by the state of relithat there are now unlimited opportunities for re- gion and the influence of religious leaders. At ligious work of all kinds, and that ministers of the same time, missionary work has greatly af- Protestant churches, even foreign missionaries, fected these phases of life. Christ desires to transmay come and go when and where they will, form politics, society and religion in order that preach and otherwise help in conducting services, all life may be brought into harmony with the without restrictions on the part of public officials. will of God. It has always been stated by government officials that the drastic legislation was not aimed at the THE EDINBURGH CONFERENCE on "Faith and Protestant minority, which has always been law- Order" (August 3-18) will emphasize the reasons abiding and in no way has tried to exercise politi- for Christian uni,ty and the beliefs held in comcal power; it was directed against those mem- mon where all followers of Christ may unite. bers of the Roman hierarchy who presumed to consider themselves above the law and refused to The first World Conference on "Faith and submit to the laws, especially that one which de- Order" was held at Lausanne, Switzerland, in manded their registration. The main object of 1927 with 400 delegates present, representing over the lawmakers, it has been asserted, was to oblige 100 churches. The delegates of Edinburgh inthe Church to limit its work to the spiritual realm, clude representatives of Protestant churches in rather than attempt to control the State, and that, many lands and also from the Greek, Armenian in so far as it has obeyed the law, there has been and Assyrian communions. no thought of persecution. Today Christianity is being challenged as never WEBSTER E. BROWNING. before since the days of Constantine. From the fourth to the twentieth centuries a steady advance PROBLEMS AT OXFORD AND EDINBURGH was made in winning the allegiance of mankind to Christ, but now tkere seems to be a renewal of While Christians are told to be "in the world activity in non-Christian and anti-Christian but not of it," that does not relieve them from re- forces. The 1937 Conference 'must be conducted sponsibility for proclaiming truth, lifting stand- in such a way as to face realistically the present ards and righting wrongs. Jesus Christ not only situation of the Church in the world. preached the Gospel but rebuked sin wherever found and helped meet the material and temporal One of the definite achievements of the Conneeds of men, as well as those that were spiritual ference ten years ago was the conviction that and eternal. unity will not come by glossing over differences of belief. Now the churches must go on to the Important conferences of Christian church task of trying to share with one another what it leaders are to be held this summer at Oxford and is that the various confessions mean until we dig Edinburgh to consider how Christians, especially down through the rocks .to the Eternal Rock. of the Protestant churches, can work together more harmoniously and effectively to give Christ The first task is to realize the urgency of the the preeminence in our thinking and in following challenge of the world situation to Christendom His teachings and spirit in every walk of life. as a whole, and in the face of that challenge to discover and accept the underlying unity which At Oxford (July 12-26) about eight hundred binds Christians together through common loyalty delegates from North America and Europe, Af- toone Master, Jesus Christ. The second task will rica, Asia and Latin America, are to gather for be to press forward to help the Christians of all two weeks in a conference on "Life and Work in churches to realize, in things both outward and the Church, the State and Society." The presiding inward, the true unity of the Body of Christ. officer will be the Archbishop of Canterbury. The main lopics to be discussed at Edinburgh The conditions in the world today clearly call are: for more effective Christian testimony. The wars that devastate Spain and the threats of more Jesus Christ and His Grace. widespread and destructive conflicts in Europe, The Church of Christ and the Word of God. Africa and Asia, and the growing industrial and The Ministry of the Church of Christ. Church Unity in Life and Worship-visible and invisible.

A VIEW OF THE CHRISTIAN CENTEH AT BUCKHORN

The Girls' Dormitory (Englis Home, accommodating forty students), McKenzie Hall, and the Domestic Science Building The Murdoch Trail in Kentucky By the REV. ALVIN E. MAGARY, D.D., -<t&f Brooklyn, New York Pastor, Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church T HERE is a new state road in Kentucky, called Kentucky mountains to investigate conditions for the Murdoch Trail. the Board of Home Missions and, once having Thirty-five years ago a young Presbyterian seen the possibilities around Buckhorn, the life minister arrived at the little mountain hamlet of of an assistant minister in staid old Brooklyn was Buckhorn, Kentucky, with $250 in cash and un- far too tame. He proposed to some of the men of searchable riches in Christian faith. His name the church that they back him in a modest way was Harvey Murdoch. in a missionary adventure. They consented, and Today, Murdoch is gone, but the fruits of his since that day the people of the church have been faith remain. There is a school of 400 pupils, the main financial support of the work. Until more than half of whom are in the high school Harvey Murdoch died, in October, 1935, he came department, there is an orphanage, a hospital, a back to Brooklyn each year to tell the people how large farm on which most of the food for the things had gone in their beloved Buckhorn since school and orphanage is raised, and a church with last they saw him.

800 members. When Harvey Murdoch came to Buckhorn, Murdoch had been, for some years, a member there was no railway station within twenty-4ive of the pastoral staff of the Lafayette Avenue Pres- miles. There were no roads worthy of the name.

byterian Church, in charge of the work at the If you could afford transportation you rode on Cumberland Street Chapel. He had gone into the mule-back up the bed of the creek, realizing the [343 ]

while how much a mtile wouid 'be-impr()ved' if it a rare thing and even fUIieralsweI'EHioinftequeht could be equipped with springs. But most people as to be marked occasions. Usually, the body was walked and a tramp of thirty miles to school was put into the ground without even a prayer and not regarded as anything out of the ordinary. the funeral service was held at any time, from Conditions in that country are still primitive. The one to five years later, when a minister happened railway is still a dozen miles aw.:f1Y and the mule to be in the neighborhood.

Five years after Murdoch's coming the Buck- horn church had been organized and he was for- mally called to be its pastor at a salary of sixty dollars a year. To pay a minister anything was entirely against the traditions and practice of the people in those days. Today there is an entire Presbytery of 37 churches that has grown out of that first work. :.'Since the beginning, more than a church per year, has been organized. The first little log-house structures have been ' supplanted by buildings still extremely inexpensive and simple, but adequate and comfortable. To the eyes of some of the children from distant hamlets, children who have never seen a railway train, nor a building larger than a mountain cabin, they doubtless seem grand enough.

Buckhorn has worked a transformation in the country round about, but there is still much to be done. The old days, when the country was the scene of murderous mountain feuds, have passed, but even now the resort to gun-play is by no THE LATE HARVEY S, MURlDOCK (Grist Miu.. KEY "&Saw Mill Ir Eleeme Pta"… 10. Boys Dormitory.(, StoriQ) has by no means lost his place in the economy of life; but, when the season is not too wet, one can 2.Churth. " . Presidenb HOme . (l3tonea) get in by automobile in these days. Boys and girls still tramp over the mountains, a score of miles 3.6ymtlClsium. 12.. ReseY''Ioir. and more, at the opening of school. Sometimes a dozen of them will be brought in by truck, hav- A..LafClyette School Hell' (.t.1te'*~ 13. H~spitClI. ht St,rie') 10 Sm. ing ridden at least a part of the long way. There 14. G~ "s Home : (~t S"."'5) is often no other way to bring the sick to the hos- 5. M"nuo' Trofni"" H"JJ 15. G,,15 Dormitory. (5 St'Or,,,) pital except to carry them on a litter over the mountain trails. When the writer was there re- 6 . PrimC)1"V Hall. cently, a little procession, with mother and father leading, came in carrying a boy of six from his 7. Ki"d."fJOrt.".. 16. Oin,f't9 ,Hall. ~JL' Sto,let) home eight miles away. While we looked, as the 8. Boy~ Horne. (a 5…..iH) IT. Dome$tlc Sclenc.e. Hcdl (,a S"'lc~ little cortege stopped, we heard the mother utter a cry. Her little boy had died within a hundred e.Vie. Presidenb Home. (2 S't"'_ yards of the hospital. They had not reached it soon enough. THE BUCKHORN · PLANT In the old days freight was brought up the river in little hand-pushed boats, traveling a mile and a half an hour. For many children of the district almost no schooling was available and only one person in seven or eight was able to read or write well enough to be called literate. Harvey Murdoch was the only ordained minister of any denomination along the middle fork of the Kentucky River for 'a distance of sixty miles, from Athol to Hyden. Before his coming a religious service was

JAKE WOODS, THE OUTLAW

means a rare occurrence, particularly when plenty Church, Dr. Dinsmore, proposed that the class of mountain whiskey is mixed with the situation. undertake the support of a boy at Buckhorn. His The people are still desperately poor. The farmer proposal was adopted and the youth selected was may have ten acres, planted in corn. The arable a mountain boy, Elmer E. Gabbard. Through land runs along the creeks and is so steep that school and college and theological seminary they much of it can be cultivated only by hand. Many stood by him. Now, after a successful ministry, of the parents of the young people at Buckhorn he has left the pastorate of the North Side Preshave the best will possible toward the idea of edu- byterian Church of Chattanooga and has gqne cating their boys and girls but it is impossible for back to Buckhorn. He knows the people and them to pay as much as ten dollars a year for tui- they know him, and we may believe that he will tion. Yet the school takes them, so far as its carryon the work to yet more notable achievestraining capacity will permit. They work on the ments. farm, in the kitchen, everywhere; they do the baking, the cleaning, the plowing and harvesting. In these thirty-five years 6,000 persons have They are busy from dawn until night, with neces- professed their faith in Christ and 4,000 young sary time for rest and recreation. No busier, hap- people have been educated in this work started by pier, more attractive lot of young people will you a young man with $250, some good friends, and a see anywhere. They come out of poverty-stricken resolute faith in God. The influence of Buckhorn mountain cabins, knowing as little of the civilized is felt throughout the state of Kentucky and it world as a squirrel and, after a term of years at was a proper tribute to its founder that the state Buckhorn, go back as teachers, doctors, leaders in road passing near by was named "The Murdoch their communities, to change the whole aspect of Trail." It leads to Buckhorn; but the trail of life among their neighbors. Harvey Murdoch leads straight to Him who said, "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the One Sunday, some years ago, the leader of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto Men's Bible Class in the Lafayette Avenue me."

Jake Woods, the Outlaw* By J. S. BURNETT, Chattanooga, Tennessee Superintendent, Tennessee Mountain Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church O NE night high up in the Smoky Mountains other preacher ever had; you must try to save of Tennessee I was lost in a snowstorm. Jake Woods." Though I was frozen into unconsciousness, my horse carried me to a house. When conscious- How should I begin ? Jake was sitting before ness began to dawn again, I heard a fire cracking the wide fireplace as I packed my saddlebags. I and looking up saw a bearded man bending over, walked over to him. Taking a bill from my pocket, swearing because I would not open my mouth to I said, "Mr. Woods, I regret to offer you so little admit the neck of a bottle. In the moment of when you and your good wife have done so much delirium, I thought I was dead. for me, but this is a little expression of my ap- preciation for what you have done. I could not When my senses returned, I recognized the man pay you even if I were rich." asa notorious outlaw, with a price on his head, a man who had vowed that physical violence would He looked me over from head to foot with asfall heavily on any preacher who dared to enter tonishment. his house. "Put up your money, Doc," he said; "what we My rescuer and his wife did everything possible done for you was because we wanted to be clever for me. When bedtime came, he took me in bed to you. If you had come to my house last night with him and held me .against his great warm as a preacher, I would have turned you away in breast all night, never relaxing his vigilance for the storm and been glad if you were frozen to a moment. In the morning, I was little the worse death. Twenty odd years ago, when the Almighty for my experience, but the sun shone and the snow took our little boy, our only child, I swore that no was melting, and I was ready to go. Then it was man representing Him should ever come under that a Voice said, "You have a chance that no my roof. I kept my word till last night, but when your horse brought you I couldn't turn you away. • Condffilsed from The ahri8t~an Advocate. Now, you can go and have it to say that you have stayed all night with Jake Woods."

His last sentence was hissed through clenched I gave him the book and turned away saying, teeth. I never saw a man look so fierce. I had that his ','old woman" might come to hear me failed, so I picked up my saddlebags from the bedside and started toward the door. But some preach when I returned to the Flats School House. Power gripped my conscience like steel. "You Several times before I had preached at the Flats must try it again," the unmistakable order came. to but a few good souls, but when I arrived this I walked the floor, trying to find a ship to time the whole schoolyard seemed to be covered Tarshish, but none was in sight. I was sure that with people. The first man who gripped my hand, Jake guessed what I was suffering but he never until I thought I would fall off my horse, was Jake turned his head. Finally, I walked over to him Woods. "Doc, I fetch 'em," was his greeting. again, and with voice trembling from emotion, I said, "Mr. Woods, I have a little book that I want I walked into the schoolhouse. The women were to read and talk to a Friend of mine before I go, on one side of the aisle. On the end of the second will you let me?" He turned in his chair with his bench from the front there was one who caught back to me. His wife, sitting in the corner, said, my coat sleeve as I passed. It was Nancy Woods, "Doc, it's all right; go ahead." I began reading at church for the first time in more than twenty that wonderful fifteenth chapter of Luke, about the one sheep that had strayed, but was found. years. "Doc," she said, "there is something the matter There was the story of the Prodigal Son, too. When he came home, in tatters within and with- with Jake." out, his father was so happy that he would gladly "What like?" I asked. have killed everything on the place to make merry "I don't know, but he hain't like he used to be because his son had come home; maybe to spend some more. since you were there. He's been real good to me. Doc, please call for mourners today; maybe Just then I looked out of the corner of my eye Jake'll go up." and Jake Woods had turned around and was looking' at me with eager interest, as much as to say, The tears came to my eyes as I walked to the "Why are you talking about me?" He had sneered table and laid my saddlebags down. Jake Woods in the messenger's face who came when his father had beaten that woman almost to death once bewas dying and begged his son to come home. cause she had given a coin to a preacher. Many I dropped on my knees and took hold of God times he had driven her off in the storm. Once, while I tried to reach Jake Woods with one hand, but he was too far away. I held on until I re- in a drunken delirium, he had thrown her in the membered that the sin of lacking hospitality is fire. Now, she had been in heaven for three whole unpardonable with us in the Southern mountains. I said, "0 God; I came here more dead than alive weeks! last night, and this man and his good wife took The men came, with Jake Woods at their head, me in and nursed me back to life, and now they refuse to accept anything for their kindness. But walking like he was on air. Just behind him was Jesus Christ has stood at their door, ever since an old soldier of the Civil War, hopping on a stiff they have had a house, with outstretched hands knee. He hadn't been ih church since the war bleeding, and with thorncrowned brow, and they have slammed the door in His face. Help Jake closed. Woods sat on the end of the front bench Woods to tell Jesus Christ to come in today." and the old soldier by his side.

When I got up, Woods was sitting on the floor, The house was full of the good and the bad. looking at the door. I followed his gaze but saw The sermon that I had prepared would not fit, so nothing except the open door, with sunshine and I took for my text, "The Son of man is come to melting snow. After a minute, he said, to Someone apparently in the door, "Come in." Then seek and to save that which was lost." turning to me, he added: "He came in," as much as to say, "You can't throw it up to me any more." One standing by that·table at my side, preached that day, with convincing power. When I left the cabin Jake followed me to the gate. "Doc," he asked, "have you another of those When I let down the net, Jake Woods sprang to little books like you read out of awhile ago? My his feet and went down the aisle, speaking in a pap used to read about that boy and I guess I've voice that drowned mine: "Men and women come been him. If you'll lend me one and turn down a on! Doc's telling you the truth for I saw that leaf, I might find someone to read, and I think I Man when Doc prayed in my house. When I would like to hear it again." opened my eyes, He was standing in the door, with His hands stretched out and there were holes in them with blood running out. I saw thorns on His head, too. I told Him to come in and He came and I haven't been the same man since." , They came until it seemed that all would come. The result was thirty-five candidates for baptism.

Jake Woods went out to exhort and save the peo- ple of his acquaintance, and he reached more of that class in two years than I could have reached in a lifetime.

Some Rural Churches Are

By W. H. THOMPSON, Columbus, Ohio Field Secretary, Ohio Council of Churches SCATTERED widely over. the land are out- meetings, such as Day of Prayer for Missions, standing examples of what Christ can do for Youth conferences, annual business meetings, and country people through pastors who have social fellowship and creative leisure activities.

been born of His spirit of sacrificial service, and The pastor and his coworkers, the Rev. Rowland who have been endowed with consecrated intelli- Jones and Miss Elizabeth Streid, share their time gence. They have been scientifically trained, and in personal and pastoral parish visitation, each have answered the Divine call to country fields as church sharing in financial support according to foreign missionaries have dedicated their lives to ability. The pastor joins with pastors of other Africa, Asia, or the Islands of the Sea. denominations of the area in community-wide Parish of Templed Hills projects of religious and social welfare. He co- operates with the Agricultural Extension Service, Until eleven years ago when this parish was Farmers Institutes, Four-H Clubs, public school organized, there were in the region near Oak Hill, leadership and the county ministerial association.

southeastern Ohio, from eight to twenty Welsh "As prosperity seems again to be coming upon Presbyterian churches on a circuit served by a us," says Mr. Bicksler, "and the cities are beck- group of ministers, each living on a farm or hav- oning our youth to jobs, we feel we can send them ing some other occupation. with a background of respect for the church, be- Urider the advice and counsel of the late Warren cause locally the church has kept abreast of other H. Wilson, six of these churches and a mission things such as the schools and adequate equip- chapel were brought into a definite cooperative ment. Though we cannot expect to keep all of parish relationship with two pastors and a full- our youth on the farm, we can, with our spirit, time social worker. program and equipment, at least prepare them Five years ago the Rev. Harry E. Bicksler* was as Christians and church leaders." t· .

called as director of the Parish of Templed Hills. Ohristian Fellowship Parish At his coming the churches cooperatively purchased a fourteen-acre tract of land in the open A second example of the transforming power country, including five acres of dense thicket and of Christ in village and rural communities in Ohio a fine piece of clover mea,dow. Under Mr. Bick- through cooperation of a group of churches is sler's direction, a modern manse with every con- found in "The Christian Fellowship Parish" in venience was built, the thicket was transformed the southwestern part of the State. Six Christianinto a picnic grove in which a shelterhouse was Congregational churches entered into a "Parish erected, with table and kitchen equipment, with a Fellowship" two years ago under the joint passeating capacity of 600, for use by local organiza- toral leadership of the Rev. Ralph A. Brandon as tions, and as a meeting place for youth training Minister of Parish Administration, residing at conferences for southeastern Ohio. Hamersville, and the Rev. Theron A. Zimmerman as minister of Christian Education, residing at Each church in the Parish is organized and Pt. Isabel. cares for its own local business. There are three councils-the Elders' Council, Council of Women, The constitution under which these churches and Council of Youth. Parish Trustees are the work includes the following: holders of property which is owned jointly by all the churches. There is also a parish Federated Believing that friendly cooperation between our several churches in their religious, moral and social work would make possible a program of Christian activities that would Flower and Garden Club. The manse and the vitally strengthen the Kingdom of God in our several com- parish grove are used as a central meeting place munities, bring about a more efficient church and i:>etter build into the lives of our people the teachings of Jesus for the councils, and as a center for various group Christ and the principles of the Christian Church, we, the • Mr. Bicksler had completed a term of service in a Home Mis- following churches . . . do hereby pledge our loyal supsion Rural Parish in the far West, had been sent by his Board of port to the following Constitution and By-Laws. . . . National Missions to Europe to visit the great rural parishes of the ~~~~~~~?tt{es~nd had spent a year in graduate work in one of our pa~i~r'Or~:~~r~ 1r7Ils~,~ory is published in his recent book, "The [347 ]

The object of this organization shall be to promote the now joint studies are being made by all the pas- Kingdom of God through systematic and persistent meth- tors of the area, exploring the possibility of enods of Christian education, evangelism, worship, and com- larging the parish group to include churches of munity services; and to bring about a better religious, other denominations. Here again is a case of moral, and social atmosphere in our communities through especially trained pastoral leadership for the pasthe coordination of our efforts. tors are dedicated to town and country work, backed up by their national and state denomina- A Council, consisting of six representatives tional Councils, and have in their hearts the Spirit from each church, six members at large, and one of the Christ who "came not to be ministered unto, representative from each denomination included but to minister." in the Parish, chosen by the State head of that denomination, and the members of the staff, meets Example number three is the Federated Church quarterly and acts as the executive body. in the village of North Jackson, in. northeastern Ohio. More than ten years ago the Spirit of Christ moved the hearts of the denominational leaders and the members of three of the four local churches-Church of Christ (Disciples), Presby- terian, and Reformed in the U. S., to recognize the sin of local competition and division, and to work out a plan of union whereby the three churches united under the leadership of one pastor.

Each church retains its denominational connec- tion and benevolence contributions are divided equally among the three State and national offices. The Presbyterian building was selected ·as the place for united public worship. Sunday school classes use the public school classrooms. The Church of Christ building is used for Women's So- . ciety activities. The Reformed Church building is being razed and materials used to enlarge the Presbyterian building.

The present university trained pastor, the Rev. James D. Wyker, was formerly a member of the staff of Groton Larger Parish, New York. He came five years ago and under his dynamic lead- ership, and that of his unsalaried wife, a varied program of constructive Christian leadership is being developed with the many groups in the com- munity.

Horse-sheds Transformed ELDERS' COUNCIL, PARISH OF THE TEMPLED HILLS Two features of the program at North Jackson are worthy of special attention. A camp has been A program of systematic pastoral visitation, developed in a natural beauty spot, with creek, regulaz: Sunday school and worship services, an- woods and hills, with cabin, mess-hall and craft nual .evangelistic meetings and preaching mis- shop, vesper spot and recreation field. Here local sions, vacation church schools, youth activities, groups, including youth and farm women, asleadership training institutes and mission study, semble during the summer for from two to fiveis provided for each church. day- courses of study of the Bible, personal and community problems, recreational leadership, and A mimeograph machine, owned cooperatively, for social fellowship. The camp is also used for is used to publish a parish paper and by it the community picnics and family reunions. reports of all departments and committees are made available to all members. Was it not the Spirit of Christ who inspired the men of the church and community to dismantle These pastors cooperate with pastors of the the obsolete .horse-sheds of the Disciple's church' other churches in the area so that the program and use the materials in the construction of the for the whole community is coordinated. Even camp mess-hall and craft shop and the bridge leading to vesper hill?

As an expression of the ideal of Christian unity in local community Kingdom building, Mr. Wyker

AWAY WITH SORCERY AND MURDER IN PAPUA

has helped to develop a community coordinating absent in parsonages, and parish travel obligacouncil of character building agencies in North tions ten times greater than that of the average Jackson. Frank study of local problems has been city pa~tor. undertaken and allocation of responsibility for service programs has been made looking toward Through the le:;tdership of these pastors, town wise use of available resources and talent. and country youth are being won to Christ through evangelism and religious teaching, and The pastor also has assisted in developing "folk schools" for the study and practice of the prin- HORSE SHED TRANSFORMIDD INTO MESS HALL ciples of Christian cooperatives in his own and AND CRAFT SHOP neighboring communities. He is one of the vicepresidents of the Ohio Pastors' Convention and a are trained in the Christian use of leisure time member of -the executive committee of the Ohio and in high civic and economic and social ideals. Rural Pastors' Summer School maintained at Neighborhood feuds are being healed by their Camp Ohio by the Extension Service of the Col- ministry; lonely souls are befriended; comfort lege of Agriculture of Ohio State University. and counsel is brought to the sorrowing and the disillusioned. Churches having fallen into dis- The picture would not be complete if recogni- repute are being restored to the respect and contion were not given to scores of high-minded and fidence of their communities. devoted town and country pastors and their wives who, without special technical training of colleges and seminaries, never-the-less by diligent reading and frequent attendance at summer schools, short courses, and rural institutes, have kept abreast of the times in techniques and programs and ideals of religious education, youth activities, community cooperation with public schools, the Grange, Farm Bureau, Four-H Clubs, and Boy and Girl Scouts. They have served wisely and effectively in fields where the odds and handicaps have been terrific, salaries inadequate, modern home conveniences Away With Sorcery and Murder in Papua* A Story of the Work of God Under the Kwato Mission of Papua T HE Bohutu Valley, in Eastern Papua, long grasped him by the wrist, crying, "What are you presented a problem which no Government doing?" forces could solve. Fear of sorcery and spirits had led to the complete depopulation of the It was Lobai, the sorcerer, who was out to do valley, the tribes having fled to live in small the village policeman to death that night. Think- ing Merari was another sorcerer he pleaded for groups in the mountains around. No offers would his life, but Merari explained that he did not want possibly induce them to return to their villages. to harm" him. He told him about God, and ar- Reason is helpless before fear in Papua as in ranged to meet him next day at the village. Be- Europe. . fore the night was out he had surprised two other It was Merari, a tall, athletic Papuan of twenty- sorcerers on similar errands and arranged to meet eight, who first saw how these deep-seated prob-_ them the next day as well. lems could be answered. God told him in his time When they met at the village, two of the sorof listening to go up into the valley and investigate. So he went and lived in one of the villages. cerers immediately produced their ginauri, de- stroyed them, and gave their lives to God. But One evening he was out in the bush, and, as he Lobai held back, the sacrifice being too great. walked, heard some one approaching along the Then Merari did a daring thing. "We'U put it to track from the opposite direction. Stepping off the test," he said. "You say your charms are the track he waited, and as the man passed strong; I say God is stronger. Over there is the • From the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society Quarterly. This platform on which I sleep. You may come tonight Mission, founded by the late Rev. Charles W. Abel, has American headquarters at 156 Fifth Ave., New York. and put any charm on me you like. Then we will

see which is the stronger." Lobai hesitated, then life has been changed the death-blow to adultery answered slowly: "No, you are right. I tried has come because the sexual life of the natives is them all last night. But every time I threw my God-guided and released.

magic at you it came back at me." So he too was Eighteen months ago it became clear that new changed, and is one of the most fearless leaders ground must be found for the activities of the in the valley today. teams already mobilized. The Abels were granted Merari immediately sent an S 0 S to Kwato, permission to take on the mountain district of and a team came up to help him. They stayed a Abau, where the tribes still practice their homi- month, moving from group to group, bringing a cidal customs. Before a man was considered new life to hundreds in personal interviews. Some eligible for marriage he had to have killed or time later thirteen sorcerers and sorceresses came helped to kill some one. "Every male I met,"

to Mr. Cecil Abel of the Kwato Mission, and vol- writes Mr. Abel, "-and I met a great many-had unteered to give themselves up to the Government, served sentences of between two and ten years for sorcery being a punishable offence. The Governor murder."

pardoned them, and none of them have gone back Here the tribes have no background of teaching to their old ways. In the same way those changed whatever. No missionary had ever been into the in the little hamlets in the mountains received area. Everyone predicted the greatest difficul- spontaneous guidance to return to the valleys. ties, but when Cecil Abel went in with a team of Their fear had disappeared. Now they are gath- Papuan leaders the response was immediate. The ering into three large villages. The Government patrol lasted threll1 weeks, and at the end of that Patrol visiting the valley recently said that they time five chiefs came together, said how they could not recognize the place; the people and the agreed with the new way of life, but wanted to distribution of them had changed so utterly. see how it was lived out in the villages of the After four years the new life is increasingly Kwato district. "Only send a messenger," they active. A new corporate life is developing. In said, "and we will come down to you."

some villages the day starts with the blowing of When Abel sent for them, not five but forty a conch-shell in the dark morning stillness. A wanted to make the three days' journey to the sleeping village rouses itself and goes to bathe- coast. Only six could then be accommodated, but a reform which neither Government nor mission- for two months these chiefs mingled in the vilary could ever have enforced. Half an hour later lages and watched the everyday life of the inanother note on the shel.!, followed by complete habitants. When the time came to return home silence for about half an hour, indicates that the they got together for a farewell party, and Bawhole village is having a quiet time of listening ruma, their leader, made this speech: "The Govto God. Twice or thrice a week they meet cor- ernment tried to make friends with us, inviting porately as a community. us to feasts and 'Christmases' at Abau, but we It was in this way that guidance came to one went back unchanged. Then they took us off to previously poverty-stricken village to make one jail, four, five, six years. We didn't mind. Gov- corporate holding of all the land where their crops ernment rice and biscuits are very good. We were produced. Private interests gave way vol- came back unchanged. At last God's children untarily to community guidance, and the village came out of love for us and changed us right flourishes. Another village was guided to give round inside. Your food ·at Kwato is very good, its large surplus of produce in a bumper year to but we have good food too in Dorevaidi. We another village that was hard hit by a local bad haven't come for that. Your schools and works harvest. The men loaded their canoes, and the are very good. We would like to learn too, but we emotions of generosity and gratitude produced haven't come for that. We have only come for more spontaneous delight than the old communal one thing. To learn about God. Our hearts are orgies, for which the appetite has been lost. burning to go back and tell our friends all we In another community a common pool of coco- have learnt."

nuts, the only form of capital the native possesses, The true task has just begun. In Kwato are be- was made to inaugurate a new corporate manage- ing trained leaders adequate to changed the whole ment of the village consequent upon the change in course of Papuan life, while in the district itself the individuals composing it. The damage done the way is clear for a God-directed civilization to'

by civilization has been in some measure repaired. come into being. For the changing of lives is but Adultery, which was unknown under the old tribal the clearing of the undergrowth and the setting morality, became common when these ancient of firm foundations on which God may build a sanctions were removed, and the only penalty was culture of amazing richness, perhaps the pattern a fine. In many villages where the community for the Pacific.

HUNAJj._

~w-y'J'~.''..:. w;r"1, .MAP 0-1: KWEICHOW ~r .. I r.t/ TI"t! ~G'SI T.t <1{ Kw"h '.. … " ~§ ….-,~~ ,,.~, ~ / , ……Y.'.'..'.'.l.'.'.'..~~…• .~~~~.o…………," . " " ….. – P) .

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KWANG .TUNG PROTESTANT CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN THE PROVINCE OF KWANGSI, SOUTHWEST CHINA The Chcistian and Missionary Alliance has ten centers where 26 missionaries reside; in thirty other towns and cities chapels have been opened, lllanned by Chinese Christian workers.

Nine other societies are at work in the Province: Church Missionary Society (Kweilln); C. of E. Zenana Mission (Kweilln); Bible Churchman's Missionary Society (Nanning, Noming); Southern Baptist (Kweilin, Wuchow); Seventh Day Adventist (Nanning); Assemblies of God (Chungshan and Hohsien- both vacant); Independent (Wuchow, Kwelhsien). These societies report 34 missionaries.

Pioneering for Christ in Kwangsi By the REV. ALFRED C. SNEAD, New York I Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance 11i- ~==========================~ SOME years ago Old Eagle, a Chwang tribes- but still earnest and active, has been tramping man of the Province of Kwangsi, southern over the mountains and hills as a colporteur of China, came with ten other men from their the British and Foreign Bible Society, visiting the country homes to the city of Liuchow. There they wildest parts, wherever he could find members of heard the Gospel message. As he listened to the his own tribe. The Lord has blessed his efforts Gospel night after night Old Eagle accepted and a number of his people have been converted Christ and the joy of salvation filled his heart. and are now faithful members of the Christian He became eager that his own Chwang people Church. should hear the Good News and later accompanied The large southern Province of Kwangsi was the missionary on many tours of exploration and formerly one of the most backward in China. In preaching trips. There are nearly three million recent years, however, the province has become of these tribesmen in the Province and for the one of the more advanced in education, enlightpast few years Old Eagle, now seventy years old ened government, engineering projects, and the [351 ]

building of roads. The honor of having one of there is now a membership of more than 320 the first resident missionaries in the then hostile Chwang tribesmen in the Alliance Mission in and forbidden Province of Kwangsi fell to the South China. On an 800-mile trip in Western Christian and Missionary Alliance when its mis- Kwangsi, the .missionaries and Chinese found that sionary entered Wuchow in 1896 and resided in a thousands in the country markets could under- "haunted house," the only place then available stand scarcely a sentence of Mandarin, the pre- for residence. vailing language being Chwang. The Yao is one The city of Wuchow was built in A. D. 592, so of the least known and most primitive of the tribes that more than 1,300 years passed before the and there are many subdivisions. The Tung Church of Christ began to fulfil' the Lord's com- tribes, estimated at 300,000, live in the wild moun- mand, so far as Kwangsi was concerned. Today, tain fastnesses of Kwangsi and the neighboring besides the Alliance, the Southern Baptists and Province of Kweichow. These people, among two other American societies, there are four Eng- whom a missionary couple and Chinese workers lish societies, and a few small independent groups have been ministering for six years, listen to the working in the province. The Bible Societies are Gospel eagerly and some have accepted Christ.

Various divisions of the Miao tribes are scattered through the northern and western parts of the Province· and some of these, as well as other less well-known tribes, are being brought to the atten- tion of the Mission through long and often la- borious itinerating trips into hitherto unreached territory. The spirit of those who make these trips is shown in a letter written by the intrepid pioneer, Rev. W. H. Oldfield, the Chairman of the Alliance Mission in South China: "Here we are in the wilds of the west ready to start out with a party of thirteen for a tour among the tribesmen. The whole trip has been a time of blessing. First, we made a tour in the moun- tains of the north, which is commonly called Miao- land. There we came in contact with six differ- ent tribes, two of which we had never seen before.

The Gospel message was given and tracts .were left among them and we trust that this seed will be watered by the Spirit and will bring forth an abundant harvest to the glory of God.

Photo by A. F. Desterhajt "On the entire journey of over 1,000 English TUNG WOMEN OF KiWANGSI miles on foot through all kinds of mountain ter- cooperating with the various missions in circu- ritory, we were led in safety, but the very last lating the Word of God. Today after more than day, when almost within shouting distance of the forty years, there are still millions in the province city of Poseh, we were held up by robbers and two who have not been brought into vital touch with of the three loads we were carrying, containing the Gospel of Christ; and in the northern and bedding and clothing, were taken from us by these western portions of the province, where the Al- evil men. It occurred the day before Christmas. liance is responsible for evangelizing the people, It seems strange that this term of service should wany.tribes are entirely unreached. begin and end with a highway robbery, but I am glad we still have clothing. We do not change our During the past few years, pioneering trips plans, but in spite of somewhat disturbed condihave brought to light many tribespeople in the tions, we plan to leave day after tomorrow for the fastnesses of the mountains and the valleys of the last few weeks among the tribesmen of the west, interior, and these the mission and the Chinese and we trust through the prayers of faithful Church are making earnest efforts to reach. friends that we may be saved from further ·The population of Kwangsi is approximately trouble, though trouble or not we go forward in 12,000,000, according to the latest government His Name to the many peoples of the west that census. There are believed to be at least 5,000,000 have not yet heard the saving message of the tribespeople in the Province. The Chwangs, Gospel."

members of the great Tai race, are the most nu- With the growth of the Chinese Church in merous and easy of access. One hundred mem- Kwangsi, there has been a very encouraging debers of this tribe were baptized last year and velopment along true indigenous principles. Mis-

PIONEERING FOR CHRIST IN KWANGSI

RED-HEADED YAOS OF THE LOH-LI AND SI-LIU DISTRICTS, MR, YUEN, THE' EVANGELIST FROM POSEH, IS STANDING, HOLDING HIS ACCORD'EON siOonaries and Chinese workers are earnestly the church treasurer a sack of pennies amounting laboring to make the Church fully self-supporting, to $5.00, hOoping that other members might be wisely self-governing, and zealously self-propa- stimulated by his example, so that they could have gating under the leadership and by the enabling their own building. Mrs. Tseng, the treasurer, of the Holy Spirit. had a flourishing business and every comfort, yet she gave nothing. She was ashamed as she gazed When a congregation is able to supply six- on the sacrificial offering and a few days later she tenths of all its running expenses, including sal- left her shop and hurried off to see Dr. Moh, a aries, it passes from the oversight of the Joint prosperous man and a member of the church com- Committee (Chinese and Mission Executive Com- mittee. She Ooffered to give a plot Oof land fOor the mittee) to the direction of the Chinese Commit- building and to help buy the brick and lumber, if tees. The goal is to attain full self-support within Dr. Moh would take time to direct the workmen. four years after the church has become sixty per cent self-supporting. Finally a spacious street chapel was completed and furnished. The prosperous members felt a One group of Christians in the inland town of little ashamed of their ragged brother Lan and Kong Cheng rented a building as a chapel but urged him to wear better clothes. He quietly rethey often had to change their place of meeting plied that he had frequently been tempted to buy because the landlords blamed them for any calam- clothes but that he felt he must lay aside his penity that might befall their households. Finally nies for the church. As Dr. MOoh listened and Mr. Lan, one of the poorest of the members of remembered that he himself wore silk and fur the church, declared that they must build their garments while his brother member WOould not ownchapel. Daily he prayed to God to help him even buy a cheap padded gown because he was so think of some plan by which he might save money intent on His Lord's interests, Dr. Moh invited for the building. His fOOod was only such as the the poor man tOo his home where he gave him a poorest of men could affOord even in China, but good hot meal and a new gown. His son also was finally he and his wife decided to eat less and lay given work in the doctOor's office. NOoW a happier aside a few pennies saved from time to time. The man than Brother Lan can scarcely be found in poor man's body was weakened from the lack of all the countryside. He and his fellow church nourishing food and he was often chilled because members have found that giving is the Father's of insufficient clothing, yet he rejoiceq as his sav- way to added blessing. ings grew. After several months he brought to

Eleven organized churches, with a total mem- provided by the converts for continued meetings bership of 993, are now under the direction of the before the Bands have finished their ministry in Chinese committee. The combined membership the section. of all the Alliance churches in Kwangsi is 2,539 and many of these are expected to come into full In recent tours in Kwangsi and Kweichow, seven counties have been traversed, great moun- tain ranges were crossed, where the foot of a white man had never tramped. Thus, the search for new tribes and peoples goes ever onward in the confidence that, when they are discovered, mis- sionary volunteers will not be lacking and through the prayers and assistance of loyal friends at home, earnest efforts will be made to reach these tribes with the Gospel message.

One of the encouraging discoveries of recent trips is that a number of the tribes can be reached through the Chwang dialect, the Chwang workers had no difficulty in being understood by the vil- lagers and people along the pathways to whom they spoke.

During one part of the trip, four tribes were found of which the missionary writes: "The Heh-i, the Loh-Loh, the Ta Pan Yao and the Lan Tien Yao are still practically as much A CHWANG WOMAN AND HER BABY relation with the Chinese Conference within two MR. LAN, FORMER TAOIST PRIEST, NOW or three years. AN EARNEST CHRISTIAN The great unevangelized Yao Mountain terri- He is seated beside; some of the idols that he formerly worshiped. tory in Kwangsi, with its many thousands of unreached tribesmen has been entered by repre- neglected as they were a thousand years ago. It sentatives of the Chinese Church as their field for is true some Gospels and tracts have been distribevangelization. The Church publishes the Al- uted to some of them, but they have not as yet liance Weekly in Chinese, Sunday school papers, had an opportunity to hear and understand the and other helpful literature. Some of these have Gospel. On this tour we determined to get in a circulation reaching into nearly every province of China, as well as into foreign countries where Chinese have emigrated.

The Bible Training School, under Chinese leadership, often has among its student body representatives from many other missionary societies and church groups. It is recognized to be of a high standard and absolutely loyal to the Word of God and the fundamental truths of our Christian faith. Two important phases of work are the Short Term Bible Schools held in various districts and the ministry of the Chinese Evangelistic Bands who labor both among the Chinese and the tribespeople. In one month members of one of these Bands gave a brief Gospel message in 1800 homes and preached in all the towns and villages of the section in which it was laboring. In some places the work of the Bands is so fruitful that several groups of converts are baptized and places

PlWto by A CHWANG TRIBESMAN'S HOME IN THE' MOUNTAINS-HERE A MISSIONARY OFTEN SPENDS THE NIGHT. PIGS AND COWS ARE FREE TO ENTER THE FRONT DOOR ON THIID GROUND FLOOR.

close contact with them. On other trips we have long so as to discourage travelers, especially met them on the mountain pathways and have soldiers or robbers, from going that way. Though found them usually timid and retiring. On this the Miao carrier did not wish to continue the trip, however, we left the main pathways, secured journey, the Commission of the Lord still reads guides to take us back behind the mountain ranges "unto the uttermost part" and so the messengers to where the tribesmen have their homes, lived pressed on. Tribes in these distant places are with them in their huts, ate with them, slept with them, sat with them around their' camp fires, almost 100 % illiterate so the Gospel must be given dressed their sores, bound up their wounds, and told them the story of the Gospel. In a few days them by word of mouth. they became so friendly that they flocked around How do the tribespeople respond to the Gospel us as if we belonged to their tribe; when we left one tribe to pass on to another, there was a hearty message? A Tung tribesman, having been told invitation to call again, and we felt that another that a strange white man who loved his people tribe was ready and waiting to receive the Gospel was living in a distant town, left his mountain when we have men to send and means to support home and came to the city where he cautiously inthem." quired for the missionary. That tribesman is now studying the Word of God and looking forward to The Timber Yao people differ noticeably from the time when he can tell his ownpeople the glad other tribes in their language and in the women's new Story which he has so recently heard. Many dress. Their houses are scattered in groups of who hear the Message are eager to tell it to their two to five, with only an occasional small village. people in the scattered villages, and they find a The women of this tribe, as well as the Miao and hearty welcome as they sit around the camp fire Tung tribes, wear trousers instead of pleated evenings and tell to their friends and neighbors skirt like those worn in other tribes. Their silver the story of God's redeeming love. ornaments include a number of Hongkong coins, beaten plates of silver and earrings. Another young Tung from the hills of Kwangsi, who had studied in the City of Canton, returned to After passing through a valley, far beyond the his mountain home among fellow tribesmen, and contacts of civilization, the party came to a moun- was so oppressed by the dullness of his surroundtain pass where the natives had spiked the road ings that he planned to seek escape through suiwith sharp spikes of bamboo four to six inches cide. Then it was that a Chinese preacher, Mr. Loh, visited the village and gave the young stu- dent some Christian books. Through reading

these, a desire was created to know more of the This answer to prayer made a powerful impres- Gospel and finally the young man expressed his sion, not only on the sick man's household, but purpose to follow Christ and to become a teacher also on many other members of his tribe. They of the Gospel to his own tribesmen. had never seen prayer answered in this fashion and reasoned, "If the Lord can answer prayer in Through the witness of two Chwang converts, this way, surely we ought to trust Him for the Mr. Lan, formerly a Taoist priest, and Mt. Chiu salvation of our souls and our future happin!,!ss." Tak-sun, an earnest Christian farmer, a consider- Before long about forty of the tribespeople asked able number of Chwang tribespeople have been to be enrolled as inquirers and from this number converted, twenty-seven being baptized on one twenty-seven were baptized. occasion. Mr. Chiu constantly urged his tribespeople to accept this Jesus who worked such won- Many similar instances could be given as eviders when on earth and who is still the same dence of the saving grace of God among the tribestoday. people of Kwangsi. Millions of Chinese and tribespeople are yet unreached and the Mission One day a neighbor became very ill and the with its thirty-four missionaries and the 102 sickness increased in severity until the family Chinese wor-kers, 29 of whom are women, have a feared that he was going to die. After tribal large task before them. We commend to the remedies had failed, the family sent for Mr. Chiu, Lord's people for prevailing prayer these earnest who went at once to the sick man's bedside. After missionaries and Chinese workers that, as the exhorting the family to cast away their idols and new-born souls are instructed in the essential trust alone in Christ, the Christian farmer kneeled truths, they may be established in the Christian down and prayed to God for the tribesman's re- life and become effective witnesses to their fellow covery. The next morning he was much better tribesmen. and in a few days he was well.

China and the New Life Movement* CHINA'S present attitude toward religion and nificant Easter message is significant of the atti- toward Christ is somewhat confused. Con- tude some of China's leading spirits take toward fucian ideals, though a factor in the New religion. The country is more widely open to Life Movement, do not function religiously any religious propaganda than ever before. Though more than they ever did. China does not promise there may be some discrimination against gradto be more Buddhist than at any time past, nor uates from unregistered Christian schools there is is it turning Christian. To promote religion in none against qualified Christians for important China is no easier or simpler than in "Christian" governmental and commercial agencies. Furthernations. Nevertheless, the attitude of China to- more, there is apparent a desire for Christian day toward religion is different from what it has and church cooperation in reconstructive projects been in the past. No religious system is receiving that implies recognition of the religious dynamic the special favor of the state, nor is the state at- as one of the essentials to China's rebuilding. In tacking religion. Prominent Chinese, including other words, China has passed from a mood ansome Christians, do not in their attitude distin- tagonistic to religion. guish as sharply between Protestantism, Roman Catholicism and Buddhism as some Christians Present-day China is more aware of religion might wish. Official courtesies are paid to rep- than once was the case. There is an inarticulate resentatives of all religions when occasion re- feeling that economic, social and political changes quires. One hears little discussion of religious are not enough. Thus for all kinds of aggressive liberty yet it seems to be a fact in China though religious movements the hour is propitious. some deem it infringed upon as regards educational freedom. China is not aggressively anti- Three years is too short a time in which to religious at the moment. judge the New Life Movement which has set itself a stupendous task under unusually difficult cir- There is something to be said of a seeming cumstances. It is not an organization but a movefriendliness on the part of China to religion. ment. It cannot be judged solely in terms of its High officials participated in the platform ad- purpose- and a summary of its achievements bedresses given before a Catholic Action Congress longs to the future. Nevertheless, it has moved a year or so ago. General Chiang Kai-shek's sig- forward as regards the clarification of its purpose and understanding of what it should aim to do in • The first part of this article is freely quoted from an editorial terms of reconstruction. Taken generally it is in The Chinese Recorder. "An attack on the fundamental moral problem in

THE MOVEMENT OFFICIALLY DESCRIBED

China's social life." As a matter of fact insofar as program are already cooperating with the New the Movement tries to reform manners it has both Life Movement. All churches not so engaged to curb the exuberance of modernized Chinese might well consider how they may participate. manners and jar the inertia out of traditional What can Christians add to the New Life Moveones. In some places, however, the Movement ment is a question. But cooperation in any field has disturbed gamblers and those promoting com- can only be worthwhile if it is reciprocal. So the mercialized vice to the point where they have question, What can the New Life Movement conurged that the Movement should show less zeal. tribute to the churches? needs also to be consid- This is an indication of its possibilities as a moral ered. The Movement provides an opening for the force. The program outlined indicates how the manifestation of the religious dynamic hardly Movement is becoming a positive force for re- equalled heretofore in China. It offers to tie up building life as well as an obstruction to evil Christian energy and moral fervor with the life agencies and a reformer of manners. So far it is of China in new ways. As an indigenous movelargely urban but the direction and scope of its ment it is setting out to endeavor to do along sevactivities are turning to rural centers also. eral lines what Christians have been trying to do for many years. Church response to the Move- It has been said that "The New Life Movement ment's appeal for cooperation should aid in keepaims at the revival of the traditional virtues of ing it creative. If in places the Movement is more China." But those responsible for it also feel the sound than success the church should help give need of a religious fervor to energize these tra- the sound a deeper note. If, on the one hand, it ditional virtues and that they seek the aid of those is a revival of traditional virtues it is, on the other motivated by the Christian faith in particular. In- hand, a search for ways of developing and manideed, while his Movement is not set on building festing a modernized and vitalized life. It cannot up a religion or a church as such, Christians are go far in this without the deepening of spirit and to some extent active in directing its activities. consciousness that religious faith can give. Chris- The time has come for the churches to give it tians can help by demonstrating how their faith serious attention as a force in the life of China works in the simple or elaborate forms of reconwith which they can work. struction.

Churches engaged in activities as given in the The Movement Officially Described* By' GENERALISSIMO CHIANG KAI-SHEK President of the Chinese M'litary Affairs Commission THE New Life Movement aims at revolution- such traditional virtues as Li, Yi, Lien and Chih, izing the mode of life of the whole of the they are living today under conditions. which sug- Chinese people. It seeks by the application gest that they have just emerged from savagery. of the simplest and most effective methods possible to eradicate from the people those habits that China has 35,000,000 square liof territory and are no longer suited to the times and to replace abounds in natural resources, which if developed, them with a new mode of living in accord with could easily make this country one of the wealththe spirit of the age in which we live. In other iest nations of the world. Yet there is widespread words, the movement stands for the rationaliza- poverty and misery in the land. This again is due tion of the lives of the people, and is based on the traditional virtues of China as expressed in these to the neglect of the traditional virtues of China, characters, Li, Yi, Lien and Chih. namely, Li, Yi, Lien, and Chih.

The Chinese people used to set great store on China has 400,000,000 people who used to be these traditional virtues, the revival of which is well organized in all the essentials of life. But imperative and essential to the welding of China what spectacle do our people present to the rest into a modern nation. of the world today? They are disorganized, in- dolent, cowardly and torn between conflicting per- With a civilization of more than 5,000 years the verse teachings, leading a life little better than Chinese people attained long ago a high degree of that of savages. This again is due to the neglect refinement in matters of food, clothing, shelter of Li, Yi, Lien, and Chih. and deportment, but owing to their neglect of While it is true that the removal of the existing • From ChAnese Affairs, Shanghai crude and degrading modes of life of the Chinese people in favor of one of refinement depends to a

great extent on the revival of the old virtues of anything else. This work may be described as Li, Yi, Lien and Chih, it is equally true that under the work of the New Life movement. The extenpresent circumstances, when society is in a state sion and progress of the movement depends upon of chaos, when perverse ideas have permeated the the extent to which the people realize its need. It country, and when the great majority of the peo- should begin with individuals and later spread to ple are sunk in pleasure and indolence, immediate families and the community at large. It serves success can hardly be expected to attend the in- as the vanguard of the political authorities, but it troduction of political measures or the inculcation should not depend upon the latter for its success. of teachings of the right sort. If the modes of living of the people are to be improved, a start Objects of the Movement must be made first with the rectification of their bad habits. For this reason, the New Life Move- The attitude of mind of the great majority of ment offers the only road to the salvation of Chinese today is marked by drift and insipidity. China. This expresses itself in acts which do not distin-. guish between good and evil, right and wrong, Our late Chungli, Dr. Sun Yat Sen, said: "Min and private interests and public welfare. Hence, Sheng means the life of people, the existence of our officials are hypocritical, greedy and corrupt; society, the livelihood of the citizens of the country our people are disorganized and indifferent to the and the welfare of the masses." Although the welfare of the nation; our youths are degenerate problem of the livelihood of the people, or Min and irresponsible; and our adults are vicious and Sheng, may be considered from four angles, the ignorant. The rich are given to pleasure and exquestion of life is really the manifestation of the travagance, while the poor are low, filthy and other three aspects of the problem of the people's groping in the dark. All this has led to a complete livelihood. For the continued existence of so- breakdown of authority and discipline, resulting ciety certain guarantees are necessary. As re- in social unrest, which has in turn made us helpgards the problem of the livelihood of the people, less in the face of natural calamity and foreign there must be room for development and expan- aggression. If this state of affairs is allowed to sion. For the continuity of life, propagation is continue any longer, it will be impossible for us necessary. Life is the manifestation of all these even to lead the present kind of existence for very activities. In other words, life is a general term long. . . . . for all human activities. To rebuild the life of the people in accord with All activities arising from the propagation of modern conditions, especially to build a new social the race, from the preservation of life and also order, resort has to be made to political reform, from the development of the livelihood of the peo- particularly education, but in the past education ple assume different forms at different times and and politics in China have suffered from one beunder different conditions. Sometimes the en- setting sin, namely, cant and hypocrisy. This vironment also changes. Not until a man "renews has led to the ineffectiveness of laws, the uselesshimself daily" can he hope to have a rich and ness of technical talent and the impotency of abundant life. The life of a people must accord machines. Where a C.hinese is placed in the post with the time and environment in which it lives. formerly Occupied by a foreigner, it invariably A new life is possible only when there is a com- happens that the Chinese official cannot attain the plete break with the old modes of living. same degree of efficiency .as the foreigner. This is true of machines. Run by a Chinese, a machine Whether the people have a rich and abundant cannot yield the same output as it does when life depends primarily upon the existence of good under foreign· supervision. If we want to make government and on the extension of sound politi- our laws effective, the thing to do is not to imcal institutions, but this has a close connection prove the laws, but to get the right· men to adminwith customs and usages. ister them. The same is true of machines; Struc- turally, there is nothing defective about them: If during the transition from an old social what is needed is the right men to operate them. order to a new one nothing is done to assist the It is true that politics and education have an imintroduction and spread of new political· institu- portant role to play in the formation of character, tions by the introduction of new customs and but at the same time it is equally true that social usages, such new institutions are liable to be stul- customs and usages exercise a more important tified in their development. In other words, they influence over the lives of men. must be assisted by the inculcation of new ideas, preparing the minds of the people for their recep- That the Government will exert itself for potion. For this reason, every country makes the litical reform goes without saying. Unless we are task of changing the customs and usages of the prepared to let the nation go under without a people its first concern during the transition from struggle during the present national crisis, we the old to the new, for this is more important than

must act resolutely to put a stop to the present of food and clothing will not bring about social state of affairs and throw ourselves into the work peace, and if any proof is needed to substantiate of social reform. In short, we must make a clean this statement, it is an unquestioned fact that sweep of the existing social abuses and evils and crime abounds always in cities where there is take prompt measures to foster what is best and plenty and abundance. Moreover, can one serivital in society. This is the mission of the, New ously maintain that many of those who have Life Movement. turned to brigandage or become traitors and greedy officials have done so owing to fear of Contents of the Movement hunger and starvation? . . .

The New Life Movement advocates a mode of Li, Yi, Lien and Chih are general principles in living based on the principles of Li, Yi, Lien, and the establishment of states. This was true of Chih. In other words, it seeks to apply those ancient times and is true of the contemporary age.

time-honored principles to the daily conduct of Of course, each age has its own interpretation of men and women, especially in matters pertaining those principles. Let us explain them in the light to food, clothing, shelter and deportment. Any of modern conditions of life. Briefly, Li means one who fails to order his life in accordance with polite manners, Yi, chivalrous or upright conduct, this code is bound to fail. This is true also of Lien honesty or a moral sense 'of right and wrong, nations. and Chih, decency or an appreciation of moral There are people who are skeptical of this view. values. It is contended that Li, Yi, Lien and Chih, undoubtedly excellent virtues in themselves, may be There are two conditions associated with food, able to produce men of exemplary character, but clothing, shelter and deportment, namely (1) tanif we are backward in technical knowledge, no gible things, such as food, houses, roads, carts, amount of virtue can save China. This line of steamers, etc., and (2) manifestations, such as reasoning is untenable. It is true that knowledge eating and drinking, living, ·walking. is power, but knowledge is liable to be abused in The word Hsing, or deportment, however, has the hands of those who have no moral scruples. two senses. In its narrow sense it means walk- Li, Yi, Lien and Chih are the guiding rules of ing. In its broad sense it means behavior. Inconduct for individuals, society and the state. deed, in this sense Hsing ~ncludes food, clothing, shelter and deportment.

When educated men act contrary to these rules, The "San Min Chu Yi" ("The Three People's both the public and the nation will suffer. In Principles") in the chapter dealing with the short, Li, Yi, Lien and Chih are able not only to questions of food, clothing, shelter and deportsave China but to remake her. ment, emphasizes the material aspect of the prob- There are others who declare that Li, Yi, Lien lem. If there is any doubt on this score, it should and Chih are empty principles and can hardly be be dispelled by a perusal of this passage in "The expected to serve as rules of conduct for those Fundamentals of Reconstruction" which says: who live from hand to mouth and do not know The Government should assist the people in the where their next rice bowls come from or what development of agriculture so that they will have the morrow may bring. This fallacy is due to the enough to eat. It should promote the textile inteachings of Kuan Tze who maintained that be- dustry so that the people will have enough tovvear. fore a man can know decency he must have enough It should help the people to solve their housing to eat and wear, or as the Greek philosopher Aris- and transportation problems by building more totle said, before a man can be expected to be houses and repairing canals and roads. The virtuous he must have a competence. The funda- "Hsing" in the present New Life Movement is mental fact seems to have been overlooked by used in both its narrow and its broad senses. these skeptics that Li, Yi, Lien and Chih are the "foundation" of a man, and that if he does not Methods of the New Life Movement possess these attributes, he cannot have food and clothing. Leadership.-The direction of the whole New Life Movement is vested in the hands of the New In a society based on Li, Yi, Lien and Chih, one Life Movement Promotion Association in Nancan make up the lack of food and clothing by hu- chang. Branches of the association may' be estabman means, whereas in a society where these lished in the various parts of the country, but in principles are not observed, no amount of wrong- order to avoid confusion and to ensure common doing, such as robbery and theft can bring suffi- action, district branches should be subject to the ciency and abundance to the needy: Acts of Li, control of provincial New Life Promotion Asso- Yi, Lien and Chih are correctives to acts of strife, ciations. theft and robbery. In cases where Li, Yi, Lien andChih are flouted, even sufficiency in matters District and provincial branches should be jointly organized by representatives of various

public organizations, such as the Provincial and Chinese should have a decent standard of living, District Kuomintang headquarters, Bureau of which is another term for an artistic mode of liv- Public Safety, Social Welfare and Education, and ing. In ancient times China used to have the somilitary commissions. Subject to the direction called six arts and sciences: Rites, Music, Archof the l~al district New Life Promotion Associa- ery, horsemanship, calligraphy and mathematics. tion, the various guilds, schools, women's organi- These six things today have made the Western zations and rural groups may start separate New powers great and strong, although the Chinese Life groups. people for centuries used them as guiding prin- ciples of action in life. The reason why there is The work of the New Life Movement consists so much suspicion, jealousy and animosity in of investigation, planning and promotion. Chinese society today is that we have forgotten the teachings of our ancients. There is no hope The expenses of the movement should be re- of improvement unless we order our lives in acduced to a minimum and borne by those respon- cordance with the principles of Li, Yi, Lien, and sible or raised by the authorities of the locality in Chih. which there is a branch of the New Life Movement Promotion Association. Solicitation of con- (2) The poverty of China is due to the existtributions from outsiders is forbidden. ence of so many people who cannot produce any- thing of their own and who live on others. The The program of the New Life Movement will be productivity of the people must be increased. We drawn up by the New Life Movement Promotion must develop our immense natural resources and Association in Nanchang. The Movement will avoid waste. Everyone should consider it a first begin with a campaign for cleanliness and shame to depend upon others for his support. In orderliness. other words, everyone must work for his own living. There is no other way to relieve the pov- The formula of the Movement.-The Movement erty. of China and remove the source of civil strife should start with oneself and then extend to than to practise the principles of Li, Yi, Lien and others, with officials first, and then the masses, Chih in our daily lives. from simple things to more important tasks, and from public organizations, schools, etc., to the (3) In advocating Li, Yi, Lien and Chih as the lower classes of society. code of our daily conduct, we are inspired by the How the Movement may be promoted.-Per- or desire to "militarize" the life of our people. When sonal example, oral instruction, illustrated posters, campaign literature, plays and motion pic- a nation cannot fight for the defence its soil tures are some of the means by which the Move- against foreign invasion, it cannot be considered ment may be promoted. The New Life Movement a nation. We must cultivate martial arts if we Promotion Association will send delegates to visit are to overcome the present weakness of our counthe various provinces and districts from time to try. China today is overrun by Communisttime and inspect the work being done by the re- bandits. Civil war has not yet been completely spective New Life groups. In order to promote banished from the land. Our national territory a healthy spirit of rivalry between the various is growing smaller and smaller every day. Imgroups contests will be held. There will be prizes perialists join with traitors and Communists in for the winning groups. oppressing our people and undermining our coun- try. If we wish to deliver China from ,the present No compulsion should be employed in extend- crisis and bring peace and order to the land, we ing the Movement. Persuasion should be the must prepare to "militarize" the whole country. watchword of the "New Life" canvassers. Before this is possible, the people must be trained in habits of orderliness, discipline, cleanliness, Conclusion simplicity and accurate thinking. They must be law-abiding, conscious of their responsibilities and To sum up, the New Life Movement aims at the ready to die for the country. substitution of a rational mode of living for the present irrational mode of living of the people. A rational mode of living is realized when the How can this be effected? My answer is: by principles of Li, Yi, Lien and Chih are applied to making Li, Yi, Lien and Chih, the code of our the daily conduct of the people, especially in matdaily conduct. ters pertaining- to food, shelter, clothing and de-. portment. A great revolution will have been ef- (1) In advocating the revival of our traditional fected and the foundations of new national strucvirtues such as Li, Yi, Lien and Chih, the object ture laid when every Chinese lives in accordance in view is an artistic mode of living for all our with the principles of the New Life Movement, people. Many are apt to think that only a few which are based on the traditional virtues of Li, privileged persons can lead an artistic life. This Yi, Lien and Chih. is a mistake. It is within the reach of all. Every

Chiang Kai–shek's Interpretatiqn

of the New Life Movement in China* T HE New Life Movement was inaugurated medireval into the modern world. Those who have three years ago to quicken and to deepen the failed us are those who have refused to pay the work of reconstruction in China. Since then price of living the New Life. "You cannot serve the nation has progressed farther than we had God and mammon"; you cannot live a regenerated dared to hope, giving us a new faith in the future vitalized life and at the same time maintain a of our race. After these three years of experience selfish attitude toward society. we are more than ever convinced that the most vital force in the reconstruction of our nation is On this our third anniversary it is fitting that the spiritual life of the people. we should review some of the accomplishments of the past and perhaps more important still outline It has been a long and difficult task, and one the most pressing needs of the nation. that has required the cooperation of all the leaders of the nation, to unite China's scattered troops First and foremost let us mention the needs for into one strong national army. It has not been unity and internal peace. easy to improve communications, remodel cities and set forces in motion that will eventually im- The policy of the National Government is enprove the living condItions of farmers and work- tirely one of harmonizing, composing and settling ers. Yet in the long run these are the outward all differences through peaceful means, thus presigns of a new controlling principle, a new law of serving national resources and strengthening the life which we are slowly learning to follow. faith of the people in the ability of the nation to weather any storm. The unification of the armies This energy and courage animating our people, is not sufficient in itself. There must go with it and sometimes referred to as the national renais- that oneness of purpose and broadmindedness that sance, has been at work in China for two decades. enables men of all parties and of every faith to In a very real sense, the New Life Movement is keep in step, regardless of conditions, and while gathering together spiritual forces that are partly keeping in step to work together for the commonindigenous and partly from abroad. The New wealth. Life Movement is slowly winning the confidence of the people, for we are still very conservative, Throughout the country there are still minor and is fast becoming a centre where all agencies, disturbances where hungry men, masquerading both governmental and private, interested in the as bandits, take by force from their neighbors and welfare of the people, may find a common meeting from travelers what society should provide for ground. them in some other way.

Heretofore various organizations shouldering Economic Betterment and Education the burden of building a new social order have not only been scattered but they have oftentimes Benjamin Franklin has well said, "Poverty been perplexed by what seems to be cross-currents within the life of the nation. The river of New often deprives a man of all spirit and virtue; it is Life released three years ago in Nanchang is gradually gathering into one great flood embody- hard for an empty bag to stand upright." ing the currents of life and thought that go to unify and reconstruct the nation. Idleness, intemperance and extravagance are A year ago, on the occasion of the second anni- not the only stones that pave the road to poverty. vers.ary of the New Life Movement, the Generalissimo emphasized three immediate needs of the Corruption, inefficiency, oppression, malnutrition nation: sincerity, efficiency and living of the New Life. During the same year mistakes may have and an unjust social order also help to depress been made but none can question the sincerity of our national leaders. Most Of them have been the economic level. When the New Life Movelending. a hand as the nation emerges from the ment was inaugurated in Kiangsi, one of the first • Radio broadcast speech by Madame Chiang on February 19, 1937, In commemoration of the Third Anniversary of the launching things it did was to establish welfare centers st~::h~tW Life Movement. Reprinted from The Peoples' Tribune, where the economic and social needs of the people might be studied and gradually relieved. Through- out the nation it will continue to focus attention upon the economic factors underlying the needs of the masses. Without this there can be no in- ternal peace. Banditry and rebellion will cease only when nt heex tpteoopt hlee have enough to eat. inte rnal Second, need for unity and peace I should place education.

[361 ]

The growth of the modern school system Almost anyone of us can gather together a few throughout China is phenomenal. Everywhere we see the children with their school books com- friends interested in social service and through ing and going. The fact· remains, however, that the vast majority of the people are not informed pooling resources can bring new life to many a on many matters that concern their every-day life; ignorance and superstition still influence them to community. Incidentally in so doing you will find an alarming extent. great joy and lasting satisfaction. The New Life Movement last summer presented this challenging situation to the college students , A group of well-equipped devoted national leadof East China and received a hearty response. College students, both men and women, spend time ers without your help cannot bring new life to our in their own or neighboring villages teaching summer schools for both children and adults and nation. Such a social revolution calls for the coholding popular lecture courses in the evening. In time our educated people will catch this spirit operation of every intelligent man and woman of service and voluntarily will do 'what they can in their immediate neighborhood so that in a short throughout China. time illiteracy will be greatly reduced. What the national and provincial governments are doing to Many a great movement has slowed down bemeet this gigantic problem is very encouraging but we wish to make this appeal to our educated cause it has failed to grip the imagination and to people everywhere, that they must not rely solely upon the Government but should also carry re- enlist the enthusiasm of the rank and file. This sponsibility for those closest to them. I, myself, have found deep satisfaction in mothering a few is not true of the New Life Movement, and from hundred students in the schools for the children of the revolution and I recommend this form of the bottom of my heart I hope it never will be social service to my friends throughout China. true. You know as well as I do that the great Games and Healthy Sport failure of democracy is that we rely too much We all know that we receive much valuable education outside of the schoolroom. Last summer a upon a fe,w chosen leaders. In democratic China student from a Shanghai college, visiting his home village in Kiangsu, discovered that a large per- you are showing your appreciation of the nation's centage of the people were spending their leisure time gambling; without discoursing on the evils leaders in many ways and we are deeply grateful, of gambling he hastened back to Shanghai where he purchased and borrowed a few outdoor and in- for it makes us doubly sure of the solid foundation door games, including a small radio. He worked with the young men of the village in cleaning and of unity upon which we are building. I beg of whitewashing an old temple and in levelling a playing field. Within a few days he had games you not to take too much for granted and not to and competitions in progress for the younger members of the community and victrola and radio expect too much of a few leaders. If New Life entertainment for those who preferred to be less active. From his knowledge of the outsilje world really comes to all our people throughout the provand from newspapers and magazines he gave a series of evening lectures on subjects of interest inces, it will come because it has been unanimously and value to the community. When the time came for him to return to his studies at college the vil- supported in the heart of the country. lage schoolmaster had already taken charge of these activities and they are doubtless still in The last and most important thing that I have progress. to say to you is something that the President of Through the social-mindedness of another college student in providing a village radio, the peo- the New Life Movement has said over and over ple of his community have just heard the President of the N~w Life Movement speak to them. again. "New Life is something we live, not some- thing that we promote." It is a quality of life within ourselves, a standard of ·values that in- fluences every thought and action. The greatest Teacher that ever lived has told us that "what goes on in a man's heart determines the quality of his life." If New Life implies a change of heart then let us all make that change together on this the third anniversary of our great spiritual move- ment. A change of heart within each of us will soon prOduce the :riew and prosperous nation that we all long to see. .

*** A Missionary Resolve – By the Grace of God: We will "maintain the spiritual glow."

We will depend on spiritual means to achieve results in God's work.

We will not magnify statistics nor glory in mere numbers.

We will be slow to criticize others, but will seek to be our best and look for the best in others.

We will earnestly try to be free from race prejudice.

We will show love to others and devotedly seek their high- est good. _ We will ask God's help to solve our own spiritual problems so as to be more free to help others.

We will not be too impatient for visible results, but will steadfastly trust God to do "exceedingly abundantly above all that we can ask or think."

We will tarry until we are "endued with Power from on High" and then go forth to witness for Christ.

"He giveth power to the faint." Isaiah 40: 29.

Yellow vs. Acting Yellow*

By GEOFFREY W. ROYALL, Chao-Cheng, Shangtung, China Missionary of the Church of the Nazarene THE eyes of the world are turned to China to- ventions, raising money, holding bazaars in order day more than at any time since the Boxer that the Gospel (!) might be taken to the poor Rebellion, a generation ago. So much has heathen – these slit-eyed, flat-nosed, oily-faced happened in the last five years and so much more Sons of Han included!

seems about to take place. . . that' even the Span- A tragedy! Yes, and one that is enacted too ish situation has not turned the attention of the often in other churches. Can it be true in yours?

people away from the land of Sinim. If we are not vitally interested in the salvation Now, instead of attempting to transport you of the ",heathen" who live on your street, your to the Orient and thrusting you heart first into the neighbors and fellow-citizens, then why try to fool intriguing life of the Chinese, we will stay in the ourselves into believing that we are really con- Occident, and spend a few moments "Thinking cerned in the redemption of heathen ten thousand Yellow." We have "thought white" for so long miles away? If one cannot "think yellow" at that it will be no easy task to suddenly "think home, it is useless to try 'imd stretch one's reli- yellow." gious imagination across the Pacific. It will prob- Having just returned from the Middle King- ably be drowned before it reaches Honolulu!

dom, I was in a store in Toronto purchasing a Cincinnati, the metropolis of Ohio, is a great daily paper. A lady of large dimensions came in centre of religious activity. Some years ago at and asked for one of the popular weekly'maga- the annual district convention of one of the larger zines. As the news agent handed her the maga- denominations, the largest auditorium filled to zine and her change, he pointed in my direction hear a missionary of national repute lecture on and said: "This is the Reverend Geoffrey Royall China. The two front rows were reserved for who has just returned from China." ecclesiastical dignitaries – bishops, superintend- "Why how strange," she replied, responding to ents and the like.

my recognition. "I have just come from the Chi~ A passing Chinese, with a staggering burden of nese laundry. You know, Mr. Royall, I have a laundry, was attracted by the bright lights' and horrid sensation run down my spine every time I paused to read the announcements. When his enter that place. That yellow face that pops up eyes caught the word "China" and noted that this behind the counter when I hand over my husband's evening was to be devoted to an address on his shirts is enough to scare anyone. Slit eyes, flat own country, he passed through the doors and noses, oily face . . . ugh! I'm glad I was not walked down the aisle towards the front, with the born a Chinese. How awful it must be for you to bundle of clothes. The speaker was waxing elo- have to live among such people." quent when his eye caught the face of the Chinese I opened my mouth to reply but the words laundryman beaming celestially into his own.

clogged in my teeth and I was silent. . With a quick gesture he motioned the visitor to a "Well, we have a meeting of the Women~s Mis- seat and the visitor promptly sat down next to a sionary Auxiliary at three, so I'll be running corpulent bishop, at whose feet he unceremoni- along," the woman continued, picking up her ously planted the laundry. A few minutes later magazine. We watched her sail out of the store the good bishop discovered that one end of his with the trail of a Pekinese dog in her wake. frock coat was caught beneath the individual next "Mrs. Jones is one of the best workers in her to him an,d, as he turned to look and he discovered church," remarked the storekeeper. a Chinese, he rose to move to another seat. Near- My mind followed her down to her missionary sightedness prevented him from seeing the bundle meeting. Here was a church woman, busy week at his feet, and he tripped ungracefully over it after week, no doubt, year in and year out, work- with a resounding thud.

ing on garments, preparing boxes, visiting con- Can we doubt that at the moment the bishop moved away from the Chinese, Jesus came and * C()lldensed fram a missionary address given In the First Church sat down in his place? To separate ourselves in ~Is~~oena~:z~~~~':;nk~:, ~~~~~~s'19~~~lfornia, at the annual District pride from our fellowmen because of the color of [363 ]

his skin is to segregate ourselves from the Son of the window display. His hand was on the door- knob, when he looked up and saw a plain notice, Man, the "Friend that sticketh closer than a in English and Chinese, nailed just above the door: "Chinese and dogs not allowed." The suit brother." There is danger that a "paternal" at- in the window was most inviting, but the words above the door were not. titude toward the heathen prevents us from being The same ancient tram took the prospective "fraterna1." . customer back to the Chinese quarters and the next day his customers noticed a new sign tacked In the city of Los Angeles I heard the following above the entrance to his restaurant: "Europeans and dogs not admitted." story. The new Chinese Vice-Consul decided to As we think over these four incidents we are patronize American stores during his residence in forced to admit several things.

California and visited one of the American bar- First, the average American church member does not appreciate the wonderful advancement bers. The shop happened to be without other his cousins of Cathay have made in recent years. There is also a tragic lack of soul passion for their patrons on his arrival, and the head barber was redemption. When we have learned that we are our "brother's keeper" in America, only then can seated on a chair reading a newspaper. Hearing we accept this responsibility for our neighbors in other lands. a customer enter he lowered his paper and looked Second, a spirit of aloofness and feeling of suover his glasses. The Chinese official smiled, but periority is a great barrier to Christian progress in foreign fields. How much of our missionary the proprietor growled: activity is superficial? There is a vast difference between being "interested in foreign missions" "What do you want in here." and in being vitally burdened for those of other races tor whom Christ also died. How often we "Oh, just a hair-cut today," smiled the Chinese foolishly interpret the former for the latter!

Vice-Consul. Third, the influence of Christian civilization that we endeavor to send to the Orient is often "Well, we don't cut Chink's hair here, so get nullified by our pagan attitude of superiority to- ward those who come to our own shores. out," was the reply. Fourth, many representatives of so-called "And may I enquire the reason," asked the Christian business houses that trade in the Far East, are a positive hindrance to the efforts of the Celestial, his smile disappearing. Christian missionary.

"I've got no time to argue," snarled the hair- "Thinking yellow!" does not mean "acting yellow!" It is a fallacy to suppose that Christ dresser. "Suppose our best customers from Holly- was a white man. In the book of Acts we read that when the Apostle Paul was standing on the wood should see me cutting your hair; what would steps of the castle waiting permission to address the Jewish rabble, the chief captain of the Roman they think? Do you suppose they want their hair guard asked: "Art thou not that Egyptian?" Christ and Paul were contemporaries and if the dressed with the same tools as I use on you? The chief captain mistook Paul for an Egyptian, it seems that he might well have mistaken Jesus for trade I have built up through years would be one also!

ruined in a day." The seventy-five thousand Chinese in America today constitute an outstanding challenge to the . "Before I leave I want to ask you a question," Christians of America-a challenge that has never been adequately accepted. said the Vice-Consul as he turned to the door. Christians can-learn to "think yellow" by learn- "Make it snappy then," grumbled the barber. ing to understand and to' sympathize with the Chinese. We need not "act yellow" in a sense of "I'm expecting a customer any moment." doing what is unworthy of a follower of Jesus Christ. The same Gospel that transforms us will "If my country came to you, as it has in the burnish the Chinese into gold fit for the King's crown. past, and gave Uncle Sam an order for five million dollars worth of machine guns and ammunition, seventy-five aeroplanes, two million dollars worth of scrap-iron and half-a-million dollars worth of modern factory equipment, would your people re- fuse the order? Would they say, 'We don't take Chinks as customers?'" Without waiting for the answer the Chinese stalked out of the shop. .

The tragedy was that at the same time he slammed the shop door he also slammed his heart's door on Jesus Christ. Today, that Vice-Consul is a chief executive under Emperor Henry Pu-Yi of Manchukuo. One of his tasks is to interview mis- sion board representatives who come with re- quests for government grants of land for hospitals and for other concessions. We wonder if he ever says to himself: ". . . We don't serve white for- eign devils."

Now let us take a boat to a foreign port in the "Dragon Kingdom," "thinking yellow" in Hong- kong. A young Chinese restaurant owner needed a new suit, and noticing a special sale advertised by a prominent down-town tailor, he planned to investigate. An antiquated street car took him to the foreign concession where he eagerly viewed

of the Rural Church in

~-.. I By REV. J. R. WATT, D.D., Kingston, Ontario I Registrar in Queen's Theological College EXCLUDING Greenland, Alaska and New- gave the ratio of urban to rural population as 53.7 foundland (a separate British Dominion), to 46.29 (urban, in Canadian census terminology, Canada comprises the entire northern part includes any separately organized municipality of the North American Continent. It has an area regardless of population). Since 1881 there has of 3,729,665 square miles as compared with the been a steady decline in the ratio of the rural pop- 3,776,700 square miles of the United States and ulation. In many of the older townships the rural . its dependencies and is slightly smaller than the population has declined as much as 50 per cent.

Continent of Europe. The estimated potential Even so two-thirds of Canadian congregations are agricultural land is 2,218,747,200 acres. rural or semirural in character. For this reason Occupying this vast area are 10,376,786 people, alone the welfare of rural congregations is a an average of 2.99 per square mile, but because major concen of the Canadian Church.

large areas are unoccupied this figure may be mis- It seemed necessary to state the foregoing facts leading. Prince Edward Island, with little unoc- that non-Canadian readers, unfamiliar with con- cupied land, has an average density of 40.3 while ditions here, might have some background against Ontario, with great areas unsettled in the North, which to look at the problem. In many respects has 9.45. East of the Great Lakes most of the the problem of the rural church is the same in population is found south of the 50th parallel and China, India, Canada or the United States. But in the West south of the 55th. the approach to and the solution of it must always Of this population 5,381,071 are of British take into account the local background with its origin, 2,927,990 of French, 2,067,725 of other unique local characteristics. Climate, density of races. The largest non-Anglo-Saxon groups are population, religious complexion, racial traditions, German 473,544, Ukrainian 225,113, Dutch 148,- are all factors of prime importance to workers in 962, Polish 145,503. The largest infiltration of this field, and must be taken into account in any non-Anglo-Saxon population is in the West. efforts at betterment. Some of these factors are Prince Edward Island is almost solidly Anglo- permanent, others are modifiable, and the problem Saxon while of the people of Manitoba, Saskatche- will change as they change.

wan and Alberta half are of non-Anglo-Saxon In a contribution as brief as this must neces- origin. sarily be, many significant elements must be In religion the population is 4,285,388 Roman passed by without reference. For example, there Catholic (of whom 2,853,117 are in Quebec and are in not a few communities the changing racial the Maritime Provinces), Jews 155,614, Greek complexion. Areas that once were solidly British Orthodox 102,389. The United Church is the and populous enough to maintain adequate reli- largest Protestant group with 2,017,375 persons, gious services are by steady infiltration becoming and the Anglicans second with 1,635,615. French or Ukrainian or some other racial color.

The climate varies with the latitude and other Then follows inevitably the ethical confusion and factors. Compared with Europe, except in the uncertainty that accompanies the clash of cultures territory on or near the Pacific coast influence by and the, difficulty that a thinning Protestantism the warm waters of the ocean, Canadian winters has to support its own religious usages.

are colder and longer with shorter, warmer and Since this and many other problems of the same drier summers. The temperature of the Pacific order are local to certain communities, they must Coast is identical with that of the British Isles in yield place here to other handicaps much wider in the same latitude. Of Canada as a whole it may their influence which effect all rural work. Of be said that the climate is healthful and invig- these denominationalism must be given first place.

orating, favorable to hardy bodies and vigorous Denominationalism is an inheritance. Histori- minds. cally Christianity was propogated and maintained Agriculture is the chief industry. In a single in the Dominion on a denominational basis. It year the value of the total agricultural production would serve no good purpose to quarrel with a has reached $2,000,000,000. The Census of 1931 fact that was, perhaps, in the evolution of Prot- [365 ]

estantism inevitable. But inevitable or not de- In these overchurched communities the work nominationalism in spite of much that was ad- suffers in several directions. Ministers are undermirable and praiseworthy must be debited with paid. If three men have to be supported where some things inimical to the rural church. When only one is needed stipends are inadequate and a pioneer community found itself, because of de- home mission funds that ought to go to new nominational zeal and prejudice, supplied with all pioneer work are expended in communities that the branches of Presbyterianism, Methodism, the might and ought to be self-supporting. Because Baptists and Anglicanism, it was not well of competitive denominationalism ministers have churched but shamefully overchurched. The con- to minister to areas too large for efficient work. sequence was a burden of maintenance that over- Serving, as many must, three, four and five points taxed the financial resources of the community, there is not a full program of religious work at inadequate buildings, and ,a conception of religion any place. Sunday school and Young People's that would be difficult to justify from the New work suffers because the groups are too small Testament. This condition has been improved for effective work and the minister's time is too greatly by the various unions that have taken much dissipated. Buildings once adequate when place. In 1876 the Presbyterian churches united preaching was the only function of the church to form the Presbyterian Church in Canada. In Gan scarcely be maintained and seldom are re- . 1883 the various Methodist bodies came together placed with modern buildings in keeping with in the Canadian Methodist Church. Then in 1925 present-day conceptions of church function. the Presbyterian Church, the Methodist Church and the Congregational Churches merged their A second handicap that adversely affects all identity to make the United Church of Canada. rural work is the measure of disesteem with which The Methodist Church as a whole entered this society and the Church regards the country and union, practically all the Congregational Churches country life. As a generation we are urbanand two-thirds of the Presbyterian Church in minded. The proof and causes of this fact cannot Canada. be here examined. It must stand biuntly while the consequences are set forth. The consequences of this latter Union for the rural work affected by it were far-reaching. The Very few men voluntarily and deliberately degreatest single incentive in achieving Union was vote themselves to country work. In too many the religious needs of the rapidly expanding fron- cases it is accepted as a second best because nothtier. In anticipation of Union hundreds of con- ing else offers. It is accepted with the hope that solidations took place and in the three years fol- a few years apprenticeship will open the way to lowing Union 560 amalgamations, rearrangement an urban appointment which carries with it the of fields, or uniting of charges were affected, in- hall mark of success. When this ambition is not volving 2,000 congregations. One Presbytery, realized there is a measure of secret disappoint- Kamloops, B. C., reported a saving of $2,750 per ment and a restlessness which most men strive year in Home Mission Funds. Within the area of heroically to conceal. But concealed or admitted the former Presbyterian Synod of Toronto there it reacts on the work and robs men of the joy in was a saving in money of $50,000 while 126 men service without which no man gives his best. required on a competitive basis were released for work elsewhere. In part society is to blame for this deprecation of rural life and service. The stage farmer with In spite of this improvement there still remains hayseeds in his uncombed hair is a libel that gets in the older parts of the Dominion much over- raucous laughter from cr'owds who appreciate churching in rural areas. The Union of 1925 af- very little the farmer's part in national economy. fected only three of the national churches at work "Who's Who" is a roster of city names – even in Canada. But within the United Church itself though many are farmers' sons. It is difficult to there is a natural enough reluctance on the part imagine any farm achievement that would earn a of many people to close unneeded churches, hal- man a place beside those who have achieved prolowed by'memory and long association, in the in- fessional distinction or made money. Urban newsterest of an efficiency that was not demanded in papers frequently publicize city pulpits while earlier days or encouraged by older conditions. rural utterances of equal merit go unnoticed. For this reason it is not impossible to find many hamlets of six or seven hundred people striving In part our Theological Colleges are to blame. to maintain four or five churches where only one They graduate students hopeful that they will add is needed. Eventually this anachronism will cor- lustre to the school by winning tall city pulpits. rect itself, but when it comes it must be without Among the courses they offer there is little serious too much overhead compulsion and so it will be effort at instruction in rural background or rural slow. psychology; and as little to impress students with the contribution that the farm makes to national character, culture and stability. Little pains are

PROBLEMiS OF THE RURAL CHURCH IN CANADA

taken to correct the silly heresy that country pas- Church at large. Today the average urban church torate,is a proof of mediocrity. has at its command much more adequate and In larger part than either society or the theo- steady resources than its rural neighbor.

logical college the Church itself is to blame for Today the farmer is not prosperous in Canada.

accepting these standards without vigorous pro- When taxes are paid and necessary living expenses test or effective resistance. Whatever it may have are provided for there is little left over for the held in theory in practice it has consented to such Church or any other community enterprise. Why a judgment. This is to be seen first in the scale agriculture should remain the Cinderella among of salaries in town and country. The average in industries is a question that clamantly calls for an the city has been always very much higher than answer. Of its truth there can be little doubt and anything attempted in the country. This, doubt- neither the Church nor the nation will be steadily less, is justifiable in a measure but the spread is prosperous until such adjustments are made as greater than can be justified. Because of the will secure for the farmer a fair return for his larger stipends and other advantages that urban investment risk and labor.

life offers the city exercises a selective power that It is obvious, then, that this problem cannot be tends to bring the ablest men to its pulpits. This solved by Church action alone. The economist and happens not because city posts are more difficult statesman must lend their aid before this handi- or more important but because of very definite cap can be removed. When it is corrected, as it financial and social advantages. The rural min- must be in the national interest, a new day will ister, frequently isolated, serving a community dawn for the country church. For the farmer is with a declining population of three or four small essentially religious. He is too close to the vital discouraged groups, who provide little effective processes of the world to be much impressed by a local leadership has a task far more difficult than godless humanism. His religion may be touched the average urban minister and needs, if he is to with fatalism but he knows that it is only the fool carryon, courage of the highest order. Yet the that says in his heart there is no God. If his Church is content to send its weakest men to the Church is meagerly supported it is by necessity most demanding tasks and remunerate them on and not by choice.

the lowest scale in the Church. That rural pas- Three conditions that enter into the rural torates are brief, too brief to face and solve the church problem have been briefly noted. What problems they present, is not to be wondered at. of the future? It is pleasant to be able to state in It is the direct consequence of the factors we have closing that definite progress is being made. The been considering and will not be corrected until outlook is promising. Overchurching is on the de- the Church wins back a true perspective and cline. The generation that takes up our work is creates sufficient spiritual dynamic to remove going to see some changes that the boldest prophet these abuses and inspire men to choose as Oberlin did not dare to anticipate a generation ago. The did more than a century ago. Church is slowly opening its eyes to the need and A third major handicap which touches the pros- profit of strengthening the rural base. More men perity of the rural church is the depressed status are hearing and responding to the call of the coun- of agriculture as an industry. The Church as an try without apology or the old sense of inferiority.

institution cannot carryon without suitable build- And governments are slowly learning that pros- ings, equipment and trained leadership and for perity and national greatness are not products of these a sufficient measure of financial support mass production in city factories but have their must be found in the community served or in the roots much deeper in the life of the soil.

FOLLY OF BEING POWERLESS If an electric car stands motionless on the tracks, it is nothing against the power of electricity. If an invalid has no appetite, and cannot go out of doors at night, it is no argument against things good to eat and the joy of starlit air. If a man does not know a flower by name nor a poem by heart, it is no indictment of the beauty of a rose or the charm of some poem. If we bear the name of Christ, but give no other sign of Him; if we go through the forms of Godliness, but live powerless lives, it is a thousand reproaches to us. To be powerless when Christ has all power, and we can have all we want, is an arraignment to which we can make no answer that is not self-incriminating.-Selecfed.

Service for Rural

~-.. I By the REV. LOUIS C. HARNISH, Standish, Maine IPJ…- W HERE shall we spend our honeymoon? Why should so much outside help be needed in This was one of the questions that two carrying on the work of the rural church? young people discussed as they made plans This question involves two other questions: for their wedding. One was a recent graduate of "Why not depend on local leadership?" "What a well-known college who was serving as Dean of are the special or unusual needs that ought to be Women in her Alma Mater. The other had pre- met?"

pared in a midwestern college for teaching. The In other words, what are the conditions which answer to their question came from the American make the revival of the rural churches so difficult, Friends Service Committee to whom the Sebago and why is there need of such a large amount of Lake Regional Parish of Maine had applied for volunteer work that can be done only with the help vounteer summer workers. Arrangements were of leaders from outside the community?

completed and the young bride and groom arrived The task of the Christian Church might be deon the scene. They found themselves in a colony fined as "ministering to the abundant life." Chris- of eight volunteer summer workers, housed in the tianity is a religion of culture. Ministering to hu- large parsonage at Standish. man needs in the spirit of Christ makes religion The Sebago Lake Regional Parish was one of vital. It was in this way that Jesus began the a number of so-called "Larger Parishes" founded work of the Kingdom in His day. People are led largely through the vision and energy of the Rev. from the needs they recognize to the needs that Hilda L. Ives who, in this case, served as one of are more fundamental, that is, spiritual needs. the volunteers. Other members of the colony In spite of all the advances and facilities of were a mother and daughter, two young women college graduates, and a young Harvard student. modern civilization, there are multitudes who need the ministry of health, of sympathetic understand- The mother was a woman of culture and of ex- ing, of encouragement, of wholesome recreation, perience in higher education, who served as house of social satisfactions, of culture, including music, mother. Her daughter was a teacher in the pub- beauty, literary appreciation, etc. Homes need to lic schools of a large city. be made more livable, more attractive, more com- The group lived together as a family, each par- fortable, more sanitary, and in many cases, more ticipating in the household duties. Daily confer- commodious. Parents need assistance and guid- ences were held at which reports of the preceding ance in the care of their children and in habit day were received and plans for the day discussed. training of their children from infancy. They With the aid of cars in various degrees of senility need cooperation in dealing with youth and in the group scattered over the field. Every home in family problems along many lines.

the entire region was visited and studies were This is a spiritual ministry and can never be made of the needs and problems which were re- made fully effective by any other ministry than vealed as a result of the home or individual con- that of Christ-directed lives prepared for the spe- tacts. cific task to which their energies are to be de- Partly as a result of the summer's experiment voted. It is this phase of Christian service that the Church must meet if its ministry is to be efa call for student volunteer Christian service was fective. This is true especially of underprivileged sent out through various channels. An article in sections. Nowhere is this service more needed the Boston Transcript brought many responses. than in many rural regions. More than thirty-five young people have served on the Regional Parish staff, mostly on a non-salary The lack of competent local leadership in many basis. For the past three years the whole staff rural sections..is obvious. The reasons for this. has been serving without salaries. Ordinary liv- lack are also obvious. ing expenses are provided and the staff live as a family in the Standish parsonage. Each person First: The membership of the rural churches is allowed ten dollars a month for strictly per- is for the most part pitiably small. Those who sonal use, but it is understood that no one will be constitute the membership are as a rule older peoallowed to suffer in case of emergency. ple. Many have lost their vital touch with the younger generation. There is also, to a large ex- [368 ] tent, a spirit of pessimism that weakens the in- sick. This is one of the greatest opportunities fluence of the group. for devoted service in the rural field. One member Second: At least one generation has lost out of our present staff is a registered nurse and has both in religious and cultural training. The demonstrated clearly the demand for such servyounger generation, including the young married ice and its practicability as a means of spiritual people, are not even connected with the church, service. except in a few of the more progressive parishes in very recent years. Even those who are mem- There is great need for people with home ecobers often do not take their religion very seri· nomic training, especially fitted to deal sympathetously. ically with families. Here is an opportunity to really transform homes and to instill in them the Third: Those who have the qualities and capac- religious atmosphere. Another line of service is ity for leadership have left their homes to find em- for people with nursery school and kindergarten ployment in other places. Some of these have training. The Regional Parish was instrumental become religious leaders in other churches. in securing Federal Aid for a nursery school which has been carried on for over two years in very Fourth: In rural communities people are scat- close and sympathetic relation to the leaders of tered, many living at a distance from any center, the Parish. It seems almost impossible to overmaking it inconvenient or impossible to attend estimate its value. Elementary Christian educagroup meeting with any regularity. tion must be closely related to the home and Fifth: The demands for Christian service in should begin in the earliest stages of the child's thinly populated regions of Maine and other parts life.

of New England are especially great. Facilities We recognize the value of music in the church that are available in cities and more advanced and in the home and in almost every phase of neighborhoods through schools and clinics, and neighborhood life. Whole generations have lost visiting nurse associations, through settlements out in music training. The schools have made a and civic centers are almost entirely lacking in beginning. Here is a great opportunity for the many country districts. Some "homes" are even Church. Every child that has the capacity ought worse off than those in the congested districts of to have the opportunity to learn to playa musical cities. instrument and to sing. We have done something Sixth: In most country districts there is a lack along this line, but very inadequately. There is need of, and in fact, a demand for many other of social responsibility on the part of the more lines of cultural service. A Harvard graduate privileged people. There is a tendency to regard interested in oriental pottery spent a summer in the people of lower standards of living as "no our parish teaching "coil and pat" method of good" and incapable of rehabilitation. These conditions are, in a way, similar to the making pottery. The response was astonishing. conditions that gave rise to the settlement move- There is demand for all lines of manual work ment in the cities fifty years ago; They give the' for both boys and girls. Recently our boys' Church its opportunity for the revival of the rural worker became very popular teaching the boys to church. Here is a situation that calls for the same make airplane models which could really fly.

heroic service as the foreign field. It is a service The call for volunteer service on the part of that demands the very highest qualifications of younger (and older) Christians is a reasonable character, consecration, spiritual development, one and is certainly in keeping with our Christian and technical training. It calls for the "mission- traditions. It has saved the Church in more than ary spirit" in the highest sense. But it is espe- one crisis. Why should not our young Christian cially in these sections that money is not available students and graduates give one or two years of for the employment of trained workers. How, free service in recognition of the privileges they then, can the situation be met? have enjoyed? Has the Christian Church less The experiment of the Sebago Lake Regional claim on its youth than the Mormons whose young Parish suggests one way of meeting the situation men are called upon to go out without scrip or which is, perhaps, worthy of consideration. It purse or remuneration to serve for a year or two involves, in the first place, sending out to our col- as missionaries? Has the Christian Church less leges and technical schools a call for volunteer right to such service than the State that drafts its service on the part of men and women of excep- young men for military service and training? tionally fine Christian character, technically Moreover, there are many educated Christian peotrained for some specific task. There is need for ple who are economically independent who might nurses with public health training to do educa- well practice their profession without salary.

tional work, serve as visiting nurses, and in case But how are these people to be maintained who of emergency to care temporarily for the very have not the means of their own? This leads to

370· THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [July-August

the second suggestion which has been tried out on is a project that ought to appeal to many people of a small scale in our Sebago Lake Regional Parish. larger means.

A staff of workers can live as a group or colony, The life of a group living as a family is an inunder good leadership, on a very small allowance. teresting experiment in many ways. It calls for The funds usually provided for two salaries will the exercise of. the finest Christian virtues. It maintain a staff of four or five. There is the pos- also provides the very maximum of social and culsibility, also, in rural regions of doing a little subsistance "farming." People in the country can tural satisfactions.* often give produce where they cannot give money. Evep so, funds are likely to be needed from be- • The Director of the Sebago Lake Regional Parish will be glad nevolent minded people outside the region. This to correspond with people who wish to consider giving themselves for volunteer rural service. It Is hoped that the Parish may become a training field for those who enter such service. .

Saving ~ Whole Rural Community* The Life and Work of John Frederic Oberlin T HE biographer says: "The story of Oberlin The soil was poor, the roads were bad, th€ peo- is that of a man who stayed in a remote valley ple were sick and ignorant – the only school- and did his work so well that the world made teacher was a man whose job had been pig herda path to his door. ing but he had become too old and weak for that so they sent him to care for the children. "John Frederic Oberlin was Franco-German. He never came to America; but an American col- Oberlin took a census which showed five villege was named for him. lages, 100 families, and 400 inhabitants.

"His salary was less than that of a teacher in Service. Oberlin said in his first sermon that our grade school; put, more than a hundred years "minister" meant "-servant" and he had come to after his death, the New Standard Dictionary lists serve. He told the congregation that men serve him as a 'philanthropist.' God by doing good to their neighbors. "Dear friends, one especially please-s God by good works. "He founded the first 'infant schools' on record. To do good works one does not need to have "He was a pioneer in scientific 'agricultural ex- money. Everything that is done for the public tension.' good or to ease the burdens of man or beast, when "In an age of intense religious animositie-s both it is done for love of God, is a good work which Protestants and Catholics worshipped together in rejoices his heart." his church. "He shielded Jews from persecution, and per- Road building. "Such a work, especially," sonally indemnified them for injuries -suffered in Oberlin continued in that fi:r:st sermon, "is the rehis parish. pair and good upkeep of roads." "Although in peril of his life during the French Revolution, he was given 'honorable mention' by He raised money in the city to buy gunpowder the National Convention for his work as an edu- to blast the rocks; he asked villagers to work with cator. him and when only two or three came, he started "He was nominated for the Legion of Honor the job alone. before the fall of Napoleon, and was given this decoration by Louis XVIII. Others joined him; a good road was made; a "He was awarded a gold medal for his work in bridge built and the Valley of Stone was connected agriculture and community betterment. He re- with the outside world. ceived messages of endearment from the Tzar of Russia." The other villages asked Oberlin to help them build roads. Work in a Country Church Schoolhouses. Oberlin bought a lot for a new Oberlin went from a city to live in a small vil- school building; raised the money to buy the malage and work in a rural community. He planned terials. to remain there 30 years. He worked as a carpenter and finished the job • From "Good News-Well Told," a pamphlet published by the in two and a half months. National Christian Council of the Philippine Islands. The facts are taken from Dawson's book entitled, "John Frederic Oberlln-A Prot- Next he built schoolhouses in the other four estant Saint." villages.

SAVING A WHOLE RURAL

Sanitation. Oberlin concluded one of his ser- the villagers, continued to dig. When the trenches mons thus: were four or five feet deep he lowered young trees "My friends, remember what I have told you. into them, mixing and pressing lightly around The pestilences which from time to time have car- their roots the kinds of soil believed to be best ried half the people of this valley to their graves suited to their rapid growth. He alsO" procured are not caused by witches. They are caused by slips of a few pears, plums, cherries, and some filth. Some of you, showing love to God by a re- nuts, and turned one of his gardens into a large gard for the common welfare, have heeded what nursery. Then he waited. The mountaineers had I have asked everyone to do and are keeping your never seen trees grow so fast. At last their premises free from filth that is a public nuisance. curiosity got the better of them. Of their own Others, showing an obstinacy that fills Satan with accord, they came to express their astonishment joy, have continued in their old and detestable and to ask him how they could raise such trees ways. What shall I say, then? Shall I leave them ' for themselves."

to start another pestilence, and let them learn Next Oberlin gradually introduced scientific from the Angel of Death when that messenger agriculture. comes to their door? Indeed, they well deserve "He was interested primarily in the character such teaching; but alas, when calamity comes the of the inhabitants of the Valley of Stone. He had good must suffer with the bad. No-I must try seen a vision of perfected humanity' in the char- again to save you. I cannot command you. But acter of Jesus unfolded in the Gospels. His con- see, dear friends and compatriots, what I hold in suming passion was the desii'e to lift all men to my hand ! Yes it is money – money that came that level. But it did not take long for a man who through the sale of grain from my fields. I offer had trained himself both in medicine and theology it as prizes to our countrymen whose yards, upon to see that bodies enfeebled by a degrading desti- inspection, are found to be free from filth." tution cannot go far on the road to spiritual per- An educational system. Oberlin changed office fection. Oberlin heard a voice that said: 'I was of teacher from standard of a pig herder to that hungry, and you fed me.' He must feed these peoof highest honor in the village. He wrote new ple. 'God is immensely rich!' It is not necessary textbooks; he organized "infant schools," the first for any child of his to go hungry. Wherever there kindergartens in the world. Thus he established is a need, there is also a supply. Apply the Golden in his rural parish the best school system in Rule and the scientific method, and everyone will Europe. have enough and to spare."

A demonstration in farming. When the people Then Oberlin's wife taught the people how to saw these things, they began to believe that their spin. In one year the small Valley sold to one manufacturer about 12,000 pesos worth. leader knew what he was doing. "The mountaineers were ready to admit that "Visitors to the Valley of Stone discovered that the inhabitants were more intelligent, honest, and Oberlin could lay a stone wall, clear a road, build polite than were any other peasants they had ever a bridge, construct a school, and teach them to seen. The schools and the church had done their read and write. But there was one thing a peas- work! A distinguished Swiss patriot, who had ant, living in the eighteenth century, would not founded a ribbon factory at Basle, was attracted believe that a city man could do. He could not to the Valley of Stone by the fame of its minister. teach them anything about farming. He urged his two sons to move their ribbon fac- tory to this place. . . . "Oberlin knew this feeling on the part of the peasants. He was wise enough to respect their prejudices, where these were deeply rooted. He "The factory was located in the Valley of Stone would not start by telling them about new meth- without further ado. (In 1812, Legand's entire ods and undreamed-of possibilities. But there establishment was removed to the Valley of was nothing to prevent his setting out some trees Stone.) The prosperity of the region was then as- and plants in his own gardens and fields. sured."

"One day there was much merriment in the vil- Called to America, Oberlin decided to remain lage of Waldsbach. Two fields, noted for the bar- in his Valley. He lived there sixty years (1767- renness of their soil, belonged to the parsonage. 1826) and won the whole Valley to Christ. Prot- These fields were crossed by paths much fre- estants and Catholics worshipped together in his quented by the peasants. The passers-by noticed, church. .

on the day in question, that the minister, with the This remarkable life of a Christian preacher help of a servant, was digging deep trenches shows how effective witness may be borne to through the barren fields. What did he expect to Christ through service that helps to elevate men grow in that place? . . . intellectually, economically and socially as well "Oberlin, disregarding the sly amusement of as spiritually.

BELLINGHAM PREACHING AND PRACTICING AMONG BEDOUINS OF

Medical Work Among Arabs in Iraq* -·of/ifJ.!,;;;1====B=Y=W=.=B=EL=L=IN=G=HAM=====~lll>o- -THE vast expanse of the Shamiyah Desert, gists, geologists, also search and journey with .. which lies west of the River Euphrates in high hopes of adding a little more to our knowl- Central Mesopotamia (the Kingdom of Iraq) edge of the almost unknown.

extends far into the Nejd (in Arabia). It is There are a very few who are called and sent bordered by the Syrian Desert to the north and to heal the sick and to preach the Gospel among by all the mystery of Arabia to the south. the widely scattered tribes of Nomad Arabs.

A trip into that supposedly empty desert would Nothing can turn them aside from their objective seem rather reckless to the ordinary individual; once the "call" is upon them and so long as their a sojourn over a period of years~whatever one's trust is in the Risen Lord. To them the way is objective-would appear nothing short of mad- old yet ever new with new and exciting dangers ness. Yet people do travel there, though one often and difficulties. There are the unpleasant sensawonders what attractions those great arid wastes tions in the burning sun at midday; terrible footh.ave to offer, and why people endure untold hard- soreness, thirst, fevers, loneliness-all new with a grim unexpectedness. The aches and pains, the ships, wandering about its vast empty spaces. sufferings and anxieties experienced along the Some travelers seek something new by way of wayside in the journeyings of a missionary are adventure: they experience queer itchings in the never fully told. Nor need they ever be told, for blood known to many as wanderlust. Organized they are forgotten mid blessings derived from parties of explorers, anthropologists, archreolo- ministering to the greater sufferings of those to * Condensed from 'The EvnngeHcal Ohristian, Toronto. whom they are sent. For those sick bodies and [372 ]

MEDICAL WORK AMONG ARABS IN IRAQ

sicker souls to whom they journey know not the women; they are moving off at the sight of uscomforts and love of the Risen Saviour. single file, along a well-worn track, carrying skins of water. The water in the water-hole is dirty But come with me-or rather with us, Christ and stagnant, but oh, how precious – water is and myself-if you would know something of the Life !.How sweet on the desert! "Let us hurry desert. We will take you into its unquenchable and tell them of the sweet water of Eternal Life." life as we live it, and as it really is. It is only a thought and cannot be done, for sud- denly we think of the. unwritten laws of the desert The journey requires a little over three hours and content ourselves and follow on, not daring by either camel or horse and is just as uncom- to mention them more than once to our Arab comfortable on either. Leaving our little home of dried mud, dwarfing itself in the distance, we THE MISSIONARY IN ARAB DRE.SS sway off into the wilderness, soon to lose sight of everything one connects with mankind. There is panion, who in the roughest voice he can muster, not a structure, mechanical contrivance or human is bidding them ,move from our path.. "It's easy being within sight. On every side is sun-scorched for us to go aroun~," we protest with a feeling of desert, dry, empty, silent, uncanny and bare but pity. .But t~y h~ve scrambled aside. One has for the presence of a few clumps of camel-thorn fallen over, and we pass on trying hard not to and ourselves. The sun beats down with a pitiless hear the oaths muttered by the Arab at our side. glare, and the surface of the desert becomes so hot that it will fry an egg. 'Perspiration oozes from The tents of the other Arabs are not to be seen. every pore; a gentle breeze from the south lifts The path winds and, twists through the thorns for up particles of sand that adhere to every inch of another four miles and we cross a rift in the desour uncovered skin. Even the thought of water ert, and there, to our relief, are the tents, black as makes us thirsty, but we refrain from drinking– the lean goats moving around. Our thoughts we shall only perspire more freely if we do. Our Arab companion comforts us with an Arab prov- flash to Genesis, arid we think of Jabal, Abraham erb: "Don't drink-less thirst; don't eat-less hunger?" So we sway along to the rhythm of the and Jacob, who were plainsmen dwelling in tents. gurgling water in our waterskin. To talk is a Surely they must have used tents like these even fatigue, so we rock and think, think and sway, Oh, why were camels made to walk so oddly? It's such an uncomfortable ache we feel across the belt. The glare hurts our eyes. We wish we could talk; we wish we could drink. Oh, if only there were one shady tree where we could rest. If only we could see something new or other nomads in the distance. Why, oh why, do people waste so much water over the simple washing of hands? A thousand and one thoughts flash on through the mind-we straighten up-relax, close our eyesmeditate-. We shall not get lost, Christ is at our side and even if there is no track we are comforted somewhat for our Arab companion is with us. On and on! .

Over a ridge and dpwn into an indentation. There is more thorn now:, and there-away in the distance-camels-"El Hamdu lillah"-unto God be praise. Further ~n are flocks of sheep and goats that 'appear to be grazing on sand for we see no grass. We begin to wonder what the black hundles are that move, for from where'we sit they appear to be framed between the camels' ears. It's a water-hole-no need for the Arab to tell us. The camels smeUed it long before we crossed the ridge and had we been unconscious from thirst the camels would have taken us there even if they themselves did not want to drink. They are wonderful, in spite of being awkward at times.

But there! we see that the black bundles are

in those long ages past. There they stand in all is in God. "God is great," they mutter, and now the stark loneliness of the desert. is the time to tell them of God's greatness. They love a good story and will listen with patience; Someone is running to meet us; a shout goes but in like manner we have to listen to their up, others follow. Several barking dogs race to stories, with patience equally as great, or they will show their teeth, but the first to greet us are the not listen to our next. Usually their stories are flies. We attempt to speak. Several flies are in about the prophet Mohammed and Jimree, and our mouth, but we soon get used to it. what they lack in propriety they soon gain in amusement. The Arab has perfected the art of The Arab at our side mutters: "Allah Wakeil" telling a story; much gesticulation, gasping and (God our Trustee), and touches the camel's neck. repetition goes with everyone. The following is With a series of grunts it kneels at an alarming typical of the kind that tickle their imaginations, angle, head down and forelegs first; we hold tight and this, by the way, is believed by them to be until we get a jolt from behind and know then she true. is properly settled. We alight with relief and have the feeling that it is good to he on mother One mullah, such a good mullah he was, never was there earth. But before the feeling has rushed around a mullah like him. Never! our aching limbs we must give our greetings with "Peace," which is answered by "And on you be He was always most careful in his ablutions, and always peace." washed his hands before going to pray. And as was his ha0it he always held out his hands, always held out his A dozen or more dirty palms are thrust into hands he did. But the sparrows belonging to the mosque ours and in our pockets with impunity. The bag knew, and at prayer time always flew down to rest on his with the medicines is in the safe-keeping of the hands and cling to his fingers to drink the drops of water Arab, who freely clouts one and then another of that gathered at his finger ends, until not even a drop rethe besieging crowd. A score of questions are mained and his hands became dry. asked in as many seconds about our health and welfare, and what we have brought. We are then At the end everyone gasps, and the teller, to led to the Sheikh's tent where some measure of confirm it, will swear by his Prophet that it is not peace is assured. Greetings and questions are re- false. peated and a dusty rug is placed at our disposal. So we relax. A new dung fire is lighted right at Finally we tell our story, a guest's, privilege. our feet; coffee beans are roasted and pounded. Then comes our time for medical treatment and We ask someone to bring our water but sour milk more Gospel. These Arab nomads suffer from alis brought in a filthy container instead, with flies most every ailment it is possible to imagine-sore swimming on its surface and every inch of its ex- eyes, open sores, the only covering of which are terior covered. To brush them off would send the flies; infected wounds; cuts, burns, skin dismore diving into the beverage, so instead we blow eases and internal complaints too numerous to them to the far side and take sucking drafts of mention. Very seldom do they wash and never the milk until our thirst is quenched. If we should with soap. They are so poor that one cannot be weak in the stomach and complain about the imagine how poor until they are seen-no money, flies, we may hear comments to the effect that we no stores. They live mostly on dates and the have been given both food and drink and that meagre supply of milk from their flocks. Perhaps they were sent by' Allah. twice a year they take wool, hair and skins to the town, which may be a handred miles away, and But we have come to preach the Gospel, but preaching, in the ordinary sense of the word, there they exchange their pJoduce for clothes and cannot be done, so we shall have to win them by cheap luxuries. tact. If we can first attend to their sadly-neglected bodies they will then listen with eagerness Those diseases for which we have no cure we to the wonderful healing power of the Great Phy- commend to God in prayer and He honors the sician, for they never forget a kindness. faith of His servants. The men and boys are treated first; then we go to the women and girls. First we must have coffee and discuss the latest It is pitiful. But a half can never be told. We news; then follows a general talk. They know leave messages of comfort and promise to come why we are here but it's beyond them to know again, if God so wills. "Inshallah" they repeat why we are not afraid. Government officials visit from their hearts. them on rare occasions, but always with an escort of several armed police. After giving our treatments we return to the Sheikh and ask permission to go. He presses us "Are you not afraid of being stabbed and to stay the night, but we have had the experience robbed," they often ask, for they love talking of before. We pick off a few lice that are visible on such subjects. We tell them briefly that our trust our dress and make excuses. We return home as the. coming night chases another passing day to

HANS EGEDE-MISSIONARY TO GREENLAND

the west, to bathe in four gallons of water. If Their trust is in a dead prophet while ours is in that is not available-be patient, Brother! Christ the Risen Lord. bore our sufferings on Calvary and made one sacrifice once and for all; therefore no sacrifice is too When next we visit the spot we find the water great for us to make for Him. We think of the hole dry and the desert empty and bare. All is Arabs we have left behind, and our hearts ache. quiet. They have gone, Gone! GONE! BUT WHERE???

Hans Egede – Missionary to Greenland Last year was the 250th anniversary of Hans Egede's birth. We are indebted to Dr. O. M. Norlie of Luther College, and to the News Bulletin of the National Lutheran Church for the following sketch of this interesting and inspiring Lutheran missionary of long ago.

H ANS EGEDE, the Apostle to Greenland, Gardar, Greenland. Then, for a long and dreary was born January 31, 1686, at Senjen, stretch of over three hundred years, nothing is Northern Norway, 250 years ago. This said about Greenland.

busy world will do well to pause a moment to It was Hans Egede who brought the question up listen to a brief tale about his life and labors. He again. A graduate of the University of Copenwas a hero and saint whose monument is the hagen at 21, he at once married and accepted a ChuroCh of Greenland, of which every person in pastorate in the fishing town of Vaagan, Lofoten Greenland, except two, is a baptized member. Next to Australia, Greenland is the largest island Islands, Norway. While there he read about the in the world. It is more than one-fourth as large Greenland settlements and the Church that had as the United States. It is the most northern once been planted on that remote island. He beland in the world, and perhaps the coldest, for its gan to think about it and to talk about it, and, interior is covered with an immense shield of ice after much careful and prayerful consideration rising from 4,000 feet to 11,000 feet. Its mon- concluded that he ought to go there as a missionstrous fjords discharge numberless icebergs, some ary to his countrymen. He laid the matter beof them ten miles long and a mile or more deep. fore the bishops of Trondheim and of Bergen, but The habitable portion is a thin fringe along the their replies, which were delayed a whole year, southwestern and the southeastern coasts, an area were just honeyed words. His parishioners at first thought his views interesting, then they proof 46,740 miles, or 5% of the total island. tested, later became angry and finally regarded him as deranged. His wife, Gertrude Rask of The first settlers in Greenland were the ancient Bergen, at first did not share with him his desire Norsemen. GunnbjflSrn, Ulf Krage's son, the sages to go to such a desolate and unknown field, but say, was driven by a storm to the coast of Green- through prayer she became convinced that God land in 876 and wintered there. Erik the Red willed it and never afterwards wavered in het made a settlement there in 983, and called the support of him. To this day she is reckoned as land Greenland, hoping to attract settlers. At one of the noblest missionaries in all the annals one time there were six thousand Norsemen liv- of nineteen hundred years of mission work.

ing there. In 1715, Egede wrote a pamphlet defending his In 999, King Olaf Trygvasson of Norway sent idea as to the need of mission work in Greenland and resigned from his pastorate in order to arouse Leif Erikson to Greenland to Christianize it. In- interest for the mission cause. People regarded cidentally he made a voyage of discovery and him as a madman. Church people would not listen found Vinland, and his name is best known as the to him anymore. He turned to the merchants. discoverer of America in 1000. In the Norse He went to Bergen to enlist the merchants in an sagas and the Vatican archives are found occa- expedition of trade with Greenland. It was all sional notices of the Church which Leif established in vain for they dared not make the venture. in Greenland. Thus, in 1112, Pope Paschal II ap- Now, fortunately, the King of Denmark-Norway, pointed Eric Knutsson Bishop of Greenland. In Frederick IV, had started a mission college and 1121, Bishop Eric left Iceland for Vinland. The had sent two missionaries, the German Pi~tists bishops after him are mentioned in the Icelandic Ziegenbalg and Pliitschau, to be missionaries vellums by name in regular succession down to among the Tamils around the Danish trading set- 1409. In a letter of Pope Alexander VI, dated tlement at Tranquebar, South India. The sending 1492, the year of Columbus' discovery of America, of these two to India is considered as the beginthe sad condition of neglected Greenland is reviewed and Matthias is appointed Bishop of

ning of modern Protestant missions. Egede be- ing venture rather than a missionary enter,prise, took himself to the King, who at first refused to and for a year they had not been able to do any consider the Greenland project, but later prom- trading with the natives. In fact, they could not ised to give an annual amount of money to it and even buy provisions and as their supplies were gave Egede public endorsement. With this back- .getting dangerously low, were firmly determined ing, Egede began to get a more respectful hear- to leave for home on a certain day. But, on the ing and by 1721, after thirteen years of agitation, day set for leaving Greenland, three Norwegian he had a trading-colonizing company organized boats came into sight. They brought supplies and and a ship purchased for the voyage. With his reinforcements, and took home such of the colfamily and forty men on board he set sail from onists as were discontented. And so the work Bergen on May 3, 1721, and arrived off the south- went on. At length through the children Egede west coast of Greenland on July 3, 1721, two was permitted to do some small acts of kindness months later. As the natives seemed fearful and among the Eskimos. Fear of him waned and he fled at the approach of the newcomers, he occupied became a welcome guest. He was a hard student a little island off the coast, which he called and made good progress in their language and HaabetsjiS (Island of Hope). This island was to began to understand their ways. At last, on Janbe his headquarters for seven years. uary 10, 1724, he gathered some seventy of them in one of the larger houses and for the first time The Greenlanders, Egede found to be, I).ot de- preached to them in their own language. scendants of the old Norsemen, but an Indian tribe called Innuits or Eskimos. The Norsemen Four years later Egede moved his colony from had disappeared, and their sixteen large churches the little island to the mainland and named the and their houses were all gone. As stated, the new station Godthaab (Good Hope). It is still natives were timid and afraid and unapproach- one of the chief towns of Greenland and the seat able. They had had experience with strange of the Greenland Lutheran Theological Seminary, ships, with whalers and merchantmen who had which trains the native ministry of today. Other often come to rob and kill as well as to barter. stations were added as time went on: one at On one occasion, according to Egede's "Dagbog" Christianshaab in 1734 by Hans Egede, several (Daybook) a whaler came and set fire to an by his son, Paul, later on, as at Frederikshaab in Eskimo village, came again the next year and re- 1742, at J akobshavn in 1749, at Claushavn in peated the crime. No wonder they were afraid 1752. The king gave Hans Egede the title of of Egede and fled to the hillsides when he came Bishop of Greenland, later applied to his son, Paul ashore. In fact, the first year he was on the Island Egeqe, and other successors. of Hope the village on the mainland near by was emptied of its inhabitants. It was mainly through But though Egede had won the confidence of his children, Paul and Nils and the two daughters, the Eskimos, there were many hardships. Buildwho played with the Eskimo children, that ing material and many kinds of food had to be imfriendly relations were gradually established. ported from Europe. There was often danger of starvation and real famine. There was sickness Egede set to work to learn the language, which and even plague. The opposition from the native was not then written. He started to translate the priesthood was deep-rooted. Some of the colonists catechism and portions of the Bible into their and traders that had come over were not morally tongue. It was a difficult undertaking, for their what they should be. In 1727 the trading comvocabulary was very meager. How, for example, pany which Egede had organized dissolved, as it could he render "Lamb of God" to a people who was not a paying venture. This was a hard blow, had never seen a lamb and had no word for it in but Egede asked his king in· faith to send him their language? There were other obstacles too. more workers, and he sent him two new mission- The native priests did not welcome the new re- aries, Ole Lange and Heinrich Milzong. In 1731 ligion. The people, like ignorant heathen else- a ship came to port with the sad news that Fredwhere in the world, were prone to superstitious erick IV, the friend of missions, both in "Greenbeliefs and practices. One superstition was that land's icy mountains" and· on "India's coral sickness was due to witchcraft. So, when some strands," was dead. Egede got orders to return one got sick, the thing to do was to find the witch to Norway. The royal support was withdrawn. that was causing the trouble. Usually some poor, But the Greenlanders urged him to stay, and Gerhelpless old woman was seized, tortured to death, trude, his wife, agreed with him that it was their her heart taken out, her body sawed to bits and duty. So they stayed on. The new king, Christhrown into the waves of the sea. There was tian VI, joined the Pietist movement and became no hope of curing a sickness until this had been friendly to the mission cause. Count Zinzendorf done. Such superstitions died hard. was present at his coronation and witnessed the baptism of two Greenland boys that Egede had Again, the expedition had been at base a trad-

HANS EGEDE-MISSIONARY 1'0 GREENLAND

sent to Denmark to be trained. This gave Zin- and enlightened people, due to the solid foundazendorf an idea, which his Church, the Moravian Brethren, then and there began to .put into action. tions laid by Hans Egede and his son, Paul. The idea was to bring the Gospel to the heathen. Zinzendorf pleaded with King Christian VI to When Hans Egede came back to Norway he was support Egede, and from then on Christian was a staunch friend of the Greenland mission. Zinzen- engaged in speaking about the work of his misdorf went a step further. He himself would send missionaries to Greenland to help out. He sent sion. The University of Copenhagen established three good men to start with who made their first station and headquarters at a place they called a Greenland Seminary and made" him the director New Herrnhut, some distance north of Godthaab. Strange to say, their coming was in many ways a of it, a position he held until 1747, when he asked hindrance to Egede's work, for they opposed him, notwithstanding that he was always kindly and to be relieved. In his retirement he lived at Stubhelpful towards them. The worst hardship that befell the mission during Hans Egede's stay was bekj~bing on the little island of Falster, Denmark. the smallpox plague in 1735. A boy came down with this dread disease, which spread rapidly from There he died on November 5, 1758, at seventyhut to hut and laid waste whole villages so that there was not a man left to bury the dead. Some two and was buried beside his dear wife in the three thousand died of the scourge, including Gertrude Rask Egede, the beloved and faithful Nikolai Cemetery. The Eskimos to this day call wife of Hans. Then, at her death, broken down by untiring labors and sorrow, he asked that he him the "Unforgettable Father." " might return to his homeland for a season of rest. He preached his farewell sermon on July 28, 1736, A DOCTOR'S NIGHT AT FATEHPUR* vona.mth.e. s.a.d"text Isaiah 40: 4-"1 have labored in (By one who sleeps on the Hospital roof) But had he labored in vain? Although after The birds have hushed their sweetest bedtime songs, fifteen years of work he had baptized only twenty For dusk has quickly faded into night. people, he had prepared the soil and had /'lown much good seed that was to bear abundant fruit. The monkeys, crooning, moaning in the trees, Said one native to him: "You have done for us Are soon to hush, until the break of light. what none of our own would have done. You have stayed by us in our sickness and fed us out of A traveler on his way to cheer of home, your store. You have buried our dead who other- Goes singing down the now-deserted road. wise would not have received burial and would have been devoured by dogs and ravens and foxes. Anon come jingling bells and trotting hoofs- But above all you have told us about God and the An ekka driver clicking-on his load. Saviour and Heaven, so that we can die in joy and have a sure hope of a better life in the world When time has come for sleep, a jackal howls, to come." And then the pack let out blood-curdling cries His work was continued by his son Paul Egede, 'Til all the dogs awake and start to bark; who spoke the Eskimo like a native and was a It seems as though they echo round the skies. truly great linguist and administrator. He wrote in the Eskimo language a dictionary, a grammar, And from the distance comes the rhythmic drum Luther's Catechism, the New Testament, the Of tom-toms, of some Hindu wedding feast. Church Book. He extended the missions along the whole west coast of Greenland over one thou- And long into the night their frenzied beats sand miles. The Church in Greenland has ever Grow faster, when all else from sound has ceased. since been a living Church, although like the churches in the homeland it was at low ebb dur- Then wearied from their play, 'tis silent night ing the period of Rationalism. The first heathen And all sleep on, but those who guard the townin Greenland to be baptized, a Protestant, was in 1725, the last was in 1856. Heathenism has been The chaukidars, who call abruptly out, driven from the land. They are a God-fearing While others answer, walking up and down.

And then-sometimes-that sleep disturbing cry: "Oh, chaukidar, oh, come unlock the gate,"

And heavy wheels come crunching down the path. The prodded oxen stop, and then I wait.

And muffled voices soon are heard below, The lights flash out, with tasks soon under way, Inevitable footsteps to my roof Of nurse who calls, "A patient's come to stay."

And then below, the night becomes as day, And we all work to save that woman's life, The baby's too, if haply it still lives 'Spite villagers with ignorance so rife.

And just before the dawn there comes a lull, The woman resting, sleeping after pain; Before the birds their morning chatter start, There's stillness and some peaceful sleep again.

Upon my sleep there breaks a glorious hymn; It is the nurses at their start of day.

"So soon, another day in which to live?" Oh yes, to praise and pray, and work and play. GERTRUDE J. SMITH, M.D.

• From The Missionary lAnk, New York.

Martyrs of

1- 1Ilf By the REV. MURDOCH MacKINNON, D.D. Il~- THREE generations ago Erromanga, a large tions of war. Now we have built a vessel to carry island in the South Seas, was in the grip of the Word of Life, a more excellent thing, and no heathenism. Domestic life was practically vessel has ever been built in this historic dockyard unknown; the tribes were at war, and victories with more pleasure than John Williams V."

were celebrated by public feasts at which the The report of this happy event stated that as bodies of captives were served as a delicacy. But the vessel struck the water the Scottish pipers, the cries of little children and the groans of without direction beforehand, struck up the Scot-'

strangled widows were wafted hither by the warm tish air, "Off to the Isles," amid a hearty burst of breezes from the South, and found response from cheers.

the heart of Christendom. Eighty years ago Mr. and Mrs. George Gordon "I am received with the utmost respect," writes arrived at Erromanga on the mission vessel, the Dr. H. A. Robertson, in one of his recent reports. John Williams, and for upwards of four years "Peace and goodwill prevail all over this fair they lived and worked there. Three months later, isle." he had translated the Ten Commandments. Mrs.

The secret of this change may be deciphered Gordon began by teaching two small boys, who from a tablet erected within "The Martyrs' Me- afterwards became faithful Christian teachers. morial Church," Erromanga. A part of the in- Kindness and unselfishness never yet failed to scription reads thus: disclose hidden worth in the human heart. The younger people listened to the story of Jesus and SACRED TO THE MEMORY the love of God; the old people heard of the cross of the Missionaries who died on this Island of Calvary and the Home of "many mansions." They were intensely interested, and the work GEORGE N. GORDON seemed to prosper. ELLEN C. GORDON But heathenism dies hard, especiaiIy when the Killed by the people of Unepang greed of civilized men allies itself with it. The May 20th, 1861 cruelties and falsehoods of the sandalwood traders JAMES D. GORDON. outstripped anything that benighted Erromanga Killed at Potnuma, March 7th, 1872 could produce. The influence of the missionary tended to make the dishonesty of the trading more difficult. Hence the trader prejudiced the people George N. Gordon and his devoted wife were against Mr. Gordon, saying, "He brought the the first European missionaries to live on Erro- measles to you for did he not tell you that God's manga and to John Williams belongs the honor judgment was coming? He also caused the earth- of having been the first to suffer martyrdom quake and your other misfortunes."

there. He had carried on successful work for The poison had the desired effect. A plot was over twenty years in other islands of the South laid and speedily executed by nine savages, Lovo, Pacific, but no sooner had he and his friend Harris a chief, being party to it. What are one unsus- landed on Erromanga than the murderous people pecting couple against Erromangans with toma- fell on them. Thus they consecrated the island hawks. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon sleep on the banks with their blood, and the little streamlet flowing of the Williams River but no heathen celebration, red that day spoke of peace to the dusky sons of no cannibal feast disturb their dreams. The the South. Christian young men who laid them to rest vowed The launching of John Williams V at Grange- that they would win Erromanga for Christ or mouth, England, a few years ago, forms a sig- perish with their missionaries in the attempt. .

nificant commentary on the saying that "the blood The mother of George Gordon, of Alberton, of the martyrs is the seed of the Church." A rep- Prince Edward Island, had still another son, and resentative of the shipbuilding company said: the heroic spirit which she communicated to her "We have built vessels for commerce, for pleas- children was not crushed. By the grace of God ure, and, I regret to say, vessels to carry muni- she was ready to give this other son to Christ in [378 ]

SIXTY YEARS IN THE CONGO BELGE

so great a cause. J ames Gordon was preparing to them and the Spirit of God worked directly ort for the ministry, and when he heard of his broth- their hearts. He who called Williams called his er's death, he said, "Now it is my turn, I must successors. The Gordon brothers were nature's go." He sailed from Halifax on the famous Mis- noblemen, tall, handsome, athletic. They were sion ship, Dayspring, and in 1864 arrived at the men of intellectual power, with a genius for lanscene of his brother's labors and martyrdom. He guages. They were eloquent, persistent, fervent. gave himself to the work with enthusiasm, pre- They were men of prayer. senting the Gospel to the people in its simplicity and power. Progress was evident on every hand, The Church lives by spiritual conquest, and the and the Word that was sown in weakness was be- Gordons were bent on conquest in the name of the ing raised in power. But the spirit of heathenism Christ and in the power of the Cross. Their death was not yet appeased. It called for another vic- seemed premature and the sacrifice great, but tim. Disease broke out and the missionary was Erromanga is now a Christian island and today again blamed. Nerimpaw's two children died sends out missionaries. The heart of our people after Gordon had given them medicine. (The was stirred and the church at home was wakened hundreds of other children whom he treated, re- out of sleep. covered.) Enough! While he was translating the Acts, and had reached the account of Ste- The foreign missionary not only extends the phen's martyrdom, Nerimpaw's tom a haw k Church abroad, but also is used to save the Church plunged deep into his head, and he too "fell at home. In an age when the world is too much asleep." in evidence, it is inspiriting to hear of these brothers, who gave themselves to the service of There is nothing that calls forth the heroic Christ for the sake of redeeming men. The one spirit like a manifestation of heroism. The Gor- was the first missionary to live, and the other the dons had heard of Williams and as growing boys last martyr to die, on Erromanga. The Church had listened to the voice of John Geddie. The re- that gave the Gordons has other heroes awaiting ports of his work in Aneityum appealed strongly the call of the Master. The Christ who has saved Erromanga can save the world.

Sixty Years in the Congo BeIge By the REV. THOMAS MOODY Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society AFTER Henry M. Stanley crossed equatorial Congo, with one thousand mISSIOnaries superin- tending the work. The church members in all .L'. Africa and came out at Bauana in August, Belgian Congo number over 250,000, in addition 1877, the English Baptist missionaries to Christians under instruction who number 275,- started for the Congo in 1878. The missionaries 035. More than ten thousand village schools enof many other societies have also entered until roll over 350,000 boys and girls. they have practically occupied the Belgian Congo Many of the mission stations have had very for Christ. great blessings. Sona Bata, of the American Bap- From that day to this the progress of the work tist Foreign Mission Society, where I spent the last few years, was opened in 1890. After several has been wonderfully blessed of God. The mission- revivals we had an exceptional turning to God of aries have gone in with the idea of preaching the the natives in 1921 in which for ten years in suc- Gospel of Christ to the natives and giving them cession over a thousand people were baptized each the Word of God in their own tongue as soon as year and were received into the church on confesit was possible. As a result today the Christian sion of faith. At present there are 10',309 memchurches are in every part of the Belgian Congo, bers connected with this station, with 303 village a large number being self-supporting, self-propa- schools and 7,874 pupils. Besides the church gating, self-sustaining, indigenous churches and boarding school there is a school for medical aswith schools, from the common bush school to the sistants and nurses. The Sona Bata field covers schools for the preparation of teachers and 10,000 square miles with 100,000 people and 2,000 preachers to carry on the work. A large amount villages. We have preached the Gospel in one of the work is done entirely by the African teach- half of their villages but the other 1,000 we have ers and preachers, the oversight of the mission- not entered. When I went out in 1890, there were aries, often being limited to one or two visits a less than 5,000 church members in all the Belgian year to the churches in charge of the natives. Congo and now they number 250,000.

At present there are some forty different Protestant missionary societies working in Belgian

GIFT REVEALS THE GIVER-A

"God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life." John 3: 16.

This verse tells of the greatest Gift the world has ever known. Other passages from God's Word march in procession before the mind : "In this was manifested the love of God toward us, b.ecause that God sent his only begotten Son into the world, that we might live through him." 1 John 4: 9.

"Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends." John 15: 13.

"Without shedding of blood is no remission." Hebrews 9: 22. "Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him."

Hebrews 7: 25. "No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, . . . he hath declared him."

John 1: 18.

The mind clings to the thought, God's Gift, even Jesus, reveals God to me; then is it not true that my gifts reveal me to God?

Jesus, God's Gift, reveals to the human heart far more of God than mere paper and ink can ever convey. Four characteristics of God the Father are definitely revealed in His Gift and are all suggested in the words of John 3: 16.

1. GOD'S GIFT REVEALS GOD'S LOVE "GOD SO LOVED . • . that he gave his only begotten Son." "God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us."

2. GOD'S GIFT REVEALS GOD'S VISION "God so loved THE WORLD that he gave his only begotten Son." "Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature."

3. GOD'S GIFT REVEALS GOD'S WISDOM "God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him SHOULD NOT PERISH." "The wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord."

4. GOD'S GIFT REVEALS GOD'S POWER "God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in hi1n should not perish, but HAVE EVERLASTING LIFE." "He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life."

If Jesus, the Gift of God, reveals to us God's love for us, God's vision of the needy world, God's wisdom in providing a way of escape from sin, and God's power to save, surely our gifts also reveal us to God.

Take a. backward look at your gifts of the past year, to test yourself by them. Center your thoughts on the gifts which you plan to bring in the coming year as gifts to Him, week by week and month by month. Ask yourself: What do my gifts reveal of my love for Him who gave all for me, of my vision of this sin-stained world, of my knowledge of the way of salvation, and of my faith in God's power through Christ to save all men everywhere. If you are not sure that the revelation made through your gifts is in line with what you feel in your heart, will you sacrifice even more, until you are confident that, seeing the gifts, God will know the depth of your love. Then you will know the secret which Jesus sought to disclose, but which has been kept from many of us: "It is more blessed to give than to receive." -Adapted from Janie McCutchen, in "The Presbyterian Survey."

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A Brahman Christian-Nehemiah

The Father of the Author of Uln the Secret of His Presence"

I T WAS a great victory for the Christian mis- the fame of Pandit Goreh, had an interview with sions when Nilakanta Sastri, the Indian pandit him at Benares and took him to Europe as his and scholar, abandoned the Brahmanic reli- tutor in 1854. ,In England, the Goreh was allowed gion of his forefathers and accepted Jesus Christ. an audience with Queen Victoria along with the Nilakanta was born on February 8, 1825, in a Maharajah. He also attended theological lectures village near Jhansi. He belonged to a high class at Islington. This stay brought him into contact konkan family and his father, though born in with some of the great men of the Church of Eng- Poona, migrated early to the north. Soon after land and he had the privilege of meeting with Prof.

Nilakanta's birth the family moved on to Benares, Max Muller at Oxford.

the citadel of Hinduism. Here Goreh was brought For thirteen years Goreh worked as Headmas- up in the lap of luxury as an uncle became Dewan ter of a school under the Church Missionary So- of a State and he was given the best of education ciety., In 1861 he was ordained a Deacon and at that time. He studied Sanscrit under learned sent to start a mission at Mhow in Central India Shastris, specializing in the Vedas, the Nyaya and and later to Chanda in Central Provinces. At grammar. He had a strong prejudice against Cawnpore he came in touch with the Brahmo Christianity as he thought it a "religion fitted for leader, Keshub Chandra Sen, and in the course ignorant Mlechchas only." But Goreh began an of discussion discovered to his surprise that earnest study of the Bible to pick holes in it and Keshub had not read books on the evidences of strengthen his position as a st,aunch advocate of Christian faith. This interview made Goreh Hinduism. The Sermon on the Mount captivated take a special interest in Brahmo Movement and him and drew him near to Christ. His interest write pamphlets to win them over to the Christian steadily grew and contact with missionaries con- faith. He criticized Brahmo Movement as a com- vinced him that Christ's religion is the only satis- promise between Hinduism and Christianity.

fying faith. His father and uncle implored him In 1883 Goreh wrote his important work in not to desert them and their religion, but Nila- Marathi entitled, Is there any proof that Chris- kanta stood firm in his conviction. He challenged tianity is a divl~nely given religion? to meet cer- the pandits of Benares to debate the truth of the tain religious difficulty of Pandita Ramabai who Gospel of Christ. Though his deep affection for was not then a Christian. Later he published a his father made him hesitate to embrace Chris- series of his lectures entitled, Christianity not of tian religion, he finally was baptized on March man but of God. Among his many other publica- 14, 1848, by the Rev. Robert Hawes at Jaunpur tions, and one of the most useful to missionaries, and was given the Christian name of Nehemiah. was-The genuineness of the Holy Gospels. His It was not easy to bring his wife to the new health gradually failed and he passed on to his faith. After his baptism she was supposed to be Rest on October 29, 1895, at the age of 70. It widowed and was kept in privacy. Later, by great has been remarked of him, "The intensed devotion efforts, the husband and wife were brought to- and self-denial of the Brahman missionary, his gether though she remained Hindu for some time. genuine humility and modesty, as well as his pro- Finally, she saw the light revealed in Christ and found erudition, set off the eternal mode of his was baptized with their only daughter, Ellen life, his poverty, his emaciated look, his plain Lakshmi, shortly after joining the Goreh Church. mendicant-like attire-made him to be regarded Unfortunately the mother died soon, leaving the by the people generally, European and Indian, as orphan girl who was the father's pride and joy. a Sadhu, the beau ideal of a Christian missionary."

This daughter has immortalized her name through By his example, and the vigor and persistency her great hymn, "In the Secret of His Presence." of his advocacy of the Christian Gospel, he was She passed away recently at Cawnpore, after a able to convert several men who afterwards be- long period of distinguished service in the cause came his colleagues in the great task. Christian of Christ. evangelism to be truly effective and fruitful in Nehemiah Goreh was an excellent writer and our present day calls for Christian Indians of a used his profound knowledge in Sanscrit in trans- rare type like Nehemiah Goreh with intense de- lating some work to justify the ways of Christ to votion, deep conviction and self-denial.

his fellow-countrymen. Maharaj Duleep Singh, By T. D., in "The National Missionary himself a convert to the Christian faith, heard of Intelligencer."

[ 381 ]

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO The Place of Missionary Edu- ary interest and motivations that outlook. Circulation of the right sort cation in Church Enterprise will withstand winds of criticism of books will help. and droughts of spiritual aspira- Shall missionary education be tion. There is a lack of qualified teachers integrated into religious educa- of missionary education. Three things tion? "This," says Bulletin Dr. T. H. P. Sailer and a com- are needed by these teachers: Mis- No. 5 of the Professional Ad- mittee consisting of Leila Bag- sionary information, knowledge of visory Section on Missionary ley, Genevieve Brown, S. F. missions, and contagious missionary Education of the International Mack and J. L. Lobingier (chair- interest. A s'U!bje'ct like missions Council of Religious Education, man) have gathered together the needs not only the material that can "is a perennial subject." Among results of the discussion of the be found in the teacher's quarterly, the bulletins of this Section, topic at a meeting of the Profes- but a broad background. Few teachprevious issues of which dealing sional Advisory Section, in Chi- ers have this. Methods other than with specific, interdenomina- cago, and supplemented them those in Sunday school classes and tional methods have been re- with suitable new material for group meetings will be needed. . . . viewed in this Department, the the pamphlet. Here are a few present one is far and away the high lights indicative of the Without leaders of this type missionmost comprehensive and schol- motif, method, trend and sub- ary education will be integrated only arly and deserves careful study ject matter: in name but not in fact. The most on the part of pastors, Sunday ideal curriculum on paper will be deschool superintendents and de- The principal aim of education is vitalized if presented in a perfuncpartmental heads, as well as tory way. Therefore the first move leaders in men's and women's to expand our interests and help us should be to concentrate on securing organizations in the local church leaders and improving their quality. and denominational executive to see things in a broader perspective. boards. It goes deeper than any Has missionary education a real mere "ways of working"-down Missionary education should not seem contribution to make to work that is to the undergirding religious already being done in religious eduand educational principles which to be a competitor with issues that cation? Let us not seek to introduce render mere patterns secondary are more immediately important, but missionary applications, illustrations and relatively inconsequential in and talks because missions must be that the trained person can work an aid in broadening our vision so gotten in somehow, but because it out his own methods on any really enriches experience. Chrisgiven subject – whether it be that we shall see thin~s more as God tianity is essentially a world religion "Rural Missions" or "The Mos- sees them. The essential thing that . . . and is needed by the whole lem World." world. . . . The material should not missionary education contributes to be lugged in by the ears but help to The claims of this new Bul- add significance. . . . The five min-' letin to citation in a methods religious education is a sense of uni- utes a Sunday or 20 minutes a month department are valid in that talks to a whole department or school very fact and also that in its versality, with a knowledge of the should not seek merely to add variety latter portion it dips deeply into or furnish information, but to make specifics for every department needs of all mankind and a growing religious education more vital by supof church endeavor. It is a plying the elements that are needed large-sized, twenty -three – page participation in the meeting of those but too frequently omitted. pamphlet that will challenge the understanding of simple folk as needs. . . . Missionary education The new courses of study for the well as the most intellectual church school are inserting specifically workers who desire to dig more rests on the assumption that Chris- missionary lessons or short units. deeply and discriminatingly into tianity has something of supreme . . . The present arrangement offers the human soil of all age inter- a great opportunity. Well qualified ests in order to implant mission- value for all mankind, and that this teachers can arouse such interest in the subject that outside work will be will not be transmitted without spe- undertaken. This may lead to church schools of missions, independent dis- cial effort. It holds that Christianity cussion groups on missions, campaigns of missionary reading and special is a universal and not merely a na- projects. The only way to secure time is to make the subject so attractive tional or racial religion, that what- that people will give time.

ever efforts are worth making to pro- The best way to deal with such a situation (where the atmosphere of vide religious education for ourselves local churches is depressing to the missionary spirit) may be to trans- and our communities are equally de- plant individuals temporarily to other climates such as summer conferences sirable for other groups throughout where they mary catch the heOJ1Jenly the world. . . . Without the knowl- edge of Christ for personal guidance or social cooperation, their (the ma- jority of needy mankind) welfare be- comes a major concern of a Kingdom- centered curriculum. – The attitude of the pastor and other church leaders will be very important (in securing an adequate ideal of a basis for this new curriculum). The issue may be faced in meetings and discussion groups. Delegates may be sent to summer conferences and in- stitutions where they will get a larger [382 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

VtstOn. Where this is not possible it 3. Do I carry these brotherly Methods Briefs for Primary may be best to concentrate on a small, ideals into my daily rela- Teaching select group. Under these conditions tionships with people of the temperature may be raised as it other racial, national and Mexico: On table covered would not be for the staid majority. social groups? with serape or other colorful Manifestly, missionary education 4. Am I adding an intimate woven scarf, arrange pottery, will never be effectively integrated knowledge of a race or unless people will bestow brains and people to my intellectual plain or painted gourds, clay pains on the process. At the founda- assets each year? tion of the whole matter must be the hats used as pin trays, cans of effort to bring people to care deeply 5. Do I feel that other people string beans, Mexican pictures for the thorough integration of mis- have a contribution to cut from magazines, etc. Make sionary education. Churches which make to my life, or do I posters of cut-out pictures to iltry to operate machinery without suffi- feel that missions implies lustrate talks. Tell how the rovcient steam will surely be disap- a one-way relationship? ing vegetable pickers live in povpointed. erty and squalor, children- 6. Does my conception of home working hard like their elders- Then follow "Practical appli- missions inc 1u d e the do not even know the meaning cations of integration for church Christian solution of such of "home." Adapt stories from organizations"; some "Practical problems of our national "The Laughingest Lady," by questions for discussion" such life as social and economic Elinor Cowan Stone; "From as: the use of costumes, curios, justice, race relations and Every Tribe and Nation," by stunts, etc., for entertainment or the alcohol problem? Belle M. Brain (using the story, decorative purposes, employ- "Dona Carmen, a Living Episment of conventional methods, 7. Am I endeavoring to secure tle") and denominational leaflets outlining a year's programs for for missionary education on the subject. Have the chila women's association so as to its normal, integral place dren cut small adobe houses integrate their work into the in the worship, the in- from bogus paper and make a whole program, best plans for struction, the offerings Mexican village on sand table or linking up the Sunday school, and the activities of all in window, adding trees, a donetc. ; "factors essential to in- departments of the local key, chickens and children. Posttegration"; some practical cur- church life? ers may be made of children riculum suggestions as to form, feeding donkeys or chickens, material and methods; "Over- 8. Am I increasingly seeing picking beans or carrying hamhead counsel and cooperation"; and using opportunities pers of them, and donkeys bear- "Integration from the viewpoint for the disseminating of ing panniers loaded with beans. of the denominational program" ; missionary knowledge and Women may be making pottery. questions proposed to executive interest through the loan- Have offering taken up by darkboards of the Presbyterian, the ing of missionary books haired boy in white suit with Congregational and Christian, and magazines, the choice wide, bright sash tied over the United Lutheran and the of hymns at meetings shoulder and under arm, the Methodist Episcopal churches where I preside, the em- gifts being received in highare given with summaries of the phasis in my pub lie crowned beach hat with little replies; and a very concrete prayers, the collecting and balls on edge of wide brim. He specific section devoted to plans sharing of pictures, sto- may be assisted by girl with for children's, young people's ries, pageants, p I a y s, straight black hair, wearing red and adults' programs in mission- curios and costumes? or yellow dress and bright scarf ary education. This last is well tied over hair. Chicken sandworth the price of the pamphlet, 9. Have I read at least one wiches, small servings of string which is only 25 cents. Send book the past year in the beans with oil dressing, sliced orders to Miss Leila Bagley, 810 general field of missions? hard-cooked eggs or sman bowls Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. of chile con carne, both of the 10. If I work with children or latter served with crackers, may Measuring Myself-A Mission- young people have I read be used as refreshments. "Jesus ary Efficiency Test at least one book on mis- Loves Me" and "Jesus Loves the sions in my specific field? Little Children of the World" 1. Do I have thoroughly Chris- are appropriate songs. tian motives for my mis- 11. Am I sharing my resources sionary activities? Are with the missionary cause Indians: Give local color with they definitely based on in a systematic manner? pottery, baskets, beads, mocca- love for God and love for sins, tiny totem poles, etc., ar- man? 12. Have I made any actual con- ranged on table covered with tribution to the cause of Indian blanket, and with bright 2. Am I cherishing more broth- missions during the past posters made from cut-out pic- erly ide a I s concerning year other than my finan- tures. Feathered headdresses other peoples each year? cial contribution? may be made by the children Can I see the worth of the from craft paper or even com- individual regardless of -United Christian Mission- his race or culture? ary Society Leaflet.

mon brown wrapping paper, from "The World's Children for for Indian and South American Jesus." Refreshments of pop- studies (which were used in the ornamenting with feathers and corn balls or plain popcorn, United Study Course last year) drawings with colored crayons. candy in shape of pumpkins or may be had from denominational Large or small wigwams can be grains of corn. One may some- missionary literature headquarmade from the same paper. times find little candy turkeys. ters or the Missionary Education Color long strips of paper first Movement, 150 Fifth Ave., yellow, then orange, then brown South America: Keynote, a N. Y., at 75 cents each. "Stories (several children working on large map of country with inter- South of the Equator" will be same strip), making all strokes found very helpful. lacing letters, A, B, C, for Arin same direction. Soak paper gentina, Bra z i I and Chili, Groups not adhering to the mounted down front. Leader current United Study courses two or three minutes in water, may form their plans from such open carefully over bucket, drain points out location and tells suggestions as the foregoing; off water and crumple between something about each of three while workers using the new fingers as fine as possible. countries, then says she has a Spread flat on folded news- bag of gifts from South Amer- topics of "Rural America" and papers, coat with orange shellac, ica from which the children, "The Moslem World," noting the coming up one at a time, may principles involved, may be aided using large, flat bristle brushes select something. For this a in working out their presentawhich may be cleaned in alcohol, going-away bag has previously tions to little folks at the age the shellac being diluted with been paeked with a bone button, when eye-gate, ear-gate and a-lcohol if too thick. When dried bone-handled toothbrush, leather hand must be made teammates. coin purse, little red shoe, billthis paper looks and feels like fold, band from sewing machine, The suggestions are from skin and makes a fine wigwam. leather-covered boo k, jacket, Annye L. Allison's work among Large one very effective made chipped dried bee f, gelatin, juniors. over framework of poles, tied together at top and fastened to coffee, chocolate, cocoa, Chili The outlines raise the quesfloor. Fasten paper securely to pepper, mixed spices, orange, tions of the Church's responsipoles at bottom and lace together bility in relation to social condiwith raffia or twine, using large lemon, grapefruit, Brazil nuts, tions, to what extent such re- silver spoon, glass set in lieu of sponsibility can be formulated raffia needle not too sharp. Have a diamond, ostrich feather, into a universally applicable sys- monkey fur, rubber bands, children draw on 9'xI2' paper eraser, comb, phonograph rec- tem of Christian social prinfigures of Indians, wigwams, ciples, what our personal and shocks of corn, fish, pumpkins, ord, bright feathers, sea beans, group responsibility is, where toy snake and other appropriate we obtain our criteria and data deer, bears, turkeys, ponies and objects wrapped in tissue paper in arriving at judgments, and large Indian heads. They may to look like gifts. Have each how we can implement these string popcorn or macaroni principles in terms of social ac- gift opened, laid on table and tion. The programs are inbroken into small pieces, with explained. When bag is empty, tended primarily for the monthly disks of construction paper in meetings of the women's or- give talk on the country, discuss- ganization, but have additional lieu of beads, to be worn with ing the things it needs from us suggestions for their more exthe headdresses. They also en- – Bibles, religious literature, tensive use in general group joy making posters of wigwams churches, Sunday schools, hos- meetings. Pastors would find pitals, etc. English books not them heJpful for the midweek or cliff dwellings, trees, corn, church services. pottery, rugs, baskets, etc., these available because the language to be drawn, painted or done in is mostly Spanish. Names of *** paper-cutting. Let them bring missionaries may be given, prayer offered for their work "Prayer in the land of the fir such things as arrowheads, bas- and Bible verses found begin- tree and pine. kets, beads, shells, etc., from home. Indian nature writing ning with A, Band C. Prayer in the land of the fig always interests them and they tree and vine. like to learn the signs. Have The results of an imaginary dark-haired boy wearing head- trip to South America were vis- Prayer where the waves dash loudly and cold. dress and blanket collect offer- ualized by the writer in an iming in basket or jar. A box for provised moving picture – pic- Prayer where the lion stalks fearless and bold. some Indian mission may be tures pasted on strip of paper packed. If a victrola is avail- with explanatory cap t ion s, Prayer in cathedrals whose able, play such selections as names of missionaries written spires tower high. the "Love Call," "Marcellina," etc. Use selections from "Hia- and verses chosen for each Prayer in kirks and cabins watha," "Lady Yea r dIe y' s country, the ends of this long close by. strip being fastened to two Guest," "Joc's Coals of Fire" broomsticks turned by boys to Prayer where two are gathered (from "The Rules of the Game" show the entire reel. The leader to pray. by Lambertson), and various read all script aloud for the benstories of mission work among efit of the little folks unable to Everywhere, eve r y w her e, prayer today." Indians. Close devotional part read for themselves. Textbooks of meeting with Indian stanza The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK "I Was a Stranger" the curt 'Move on, you!' of the transient bureaus and camps in sheriff at the county line, or ac- operation-295 bureaus and 190 "For I was hungry, and ye tual arrest and sentence to the camps. With the reduction in gave me to eat; I was thirsty, workhouse or the chain gang, relief spending in 1934-1935 and ye gave me drink; I was a have been and still are the pen- came the order to the states "to stranger, and ye took me in; alties too frequently exacted close intake at the transient cennaked, and ye clothed me; I was from the victim of unguided mi- ters and camps and to liquidate sick, and ye visited me; I was in gration. Having no responsible the entire program as of Novemprison, and ye came unto me. agency to direct him to oppor- ber 1, 1935. Then shall the righteous answer tunity for personal employment, him, saying, Lord, when saw we he drifts or is shoved in this di- "During the 20 months of life thee hungry, and fed thee? or rection or that. ' of the transient program, state athirst, and gave thee drink? and local authorities had been And when saw we thee a "Not all those who move from completely absorbed in adminisstranger, and took thee in? or place to place are mentally or tering ERA, CWA, and various naked, and clothed thee? And physically competent to under- other related activities under when saw we thee sick, or in take to fend for themselves in a 'emergency' legislation. No prison, and came unto thee ?" new field. But men are not al- thought had been given to an Matthew 25: 35-40. ways at fault for having no adjustment of the old poor laws money saved on which to sup- to meet new conditions." "Move On, You!" * port themselves after months in the lumber camp, or on railroad "By March, 1936, many states "Traditionally the American construction, or following the had become thoroughly alive to people have regarded the stran- crops. Often enough the wages the fact that it was not enough ger who asked for alms as a for which they work are grossly to ask for federal funds with ne'er-do-well whose own fault it inadequate to meet their needs. which to meet the needs of tranwas that he found himself in Compelled as they are to take sient relief, but that there must such sorry straits. Let him help the only jobs they can get, there be a sharing of responsibility himself ! Was there not oppor- are times when they need help between national and state govtunityand success for every man from the society which tolerates ernments and that the states to take care of himself if he these conditions." must face the fact that their 'had it in him'? own laws of legal settlement The depression years of 1930 were, by their rigidity and lack "The man who takes to the and 1931 saw a tremendous in- of uniformity, creating some of road' today in quest of work crease in the numbers in those the very problems of which all carries with him, unaware, the illegally "riding the rods." Still states complained." ball and chain of the settlement more were "thumbing a ride." laws of Old England. If work is The budgets of private agencies Three interstate conferences not found and, need develops, he which had been aiding these have been held. suddenly finds himself in an transients were steadily declinalien community, unwelcome, ing and the numbers needing "In all these conferences the with no legal claim for aid, with help were steadily increasing. Committee on Care of Transient limited private charitable re- A National Committee on Care and Homelesst kept up a drumsources available to him, and of Transient and Homeless was fire on the objective of federal, with suspicion directed toward composed of individuals from state, and local responsibility in him as a dangerous character. national agencies concerned with this field, together with em- The hospitality of the police some phase of the problem of phasis on the basic remedies of station, the 'two meals and a transiency and homelessness. 'surer direction and guidance' flop' in a municipal lodging Through the efforts of this com- for men in search of employhouse or second-rate mission, mittee the Federal Transient ment. Unification of the laws Program was formulated. of legal settlement throughout • Excerpts from "After Five Years," pub- the United States was urged, as lished by the Committee on Care of Tran- By 1934, forty-four states and was the vesting of responsibility sient and Homeless, 1270 Sixth Avenue, New the District of Columbia had York, price 10 cents, t The Council of Women for Home Mis- [385 ] sions Is represented on this Committee. in the state governments to de- was a desire to express the spirit Kingdom of God under the captermine settlement. The federal of the Preaching Mission-unity tion, "Thy Kingdom Come." Dr. and state authorities were asked of effort for the Kingdom of Lyman said that to Jesus the to prov'ide the necessary funds God. Kingdom meant living the will with which to meet the relief of God and that His was one life needs of the unsettled person. The four organizations, The lived in harmony with God. An Council of Women for Home ideal was held before this great "Each of these conferences Missions, the Women's Commit- group of city women to leave the appointed a continuing commit- tee of the Foreign Missions Con- distracting small things and live tee charged with carrying out ference, the National Council of lives in harmony with God, decertain recommendations of the Federated Church Women and voted to the interests of His conference and with bringing the Women's Cooperating Com- Kingdom. What could not be the resolutions of the conference mission of the Federal Council accomplished by this challenge to the attention of the proper of Churches, combined to bring to seven hundred women put authorities. together the church women of into action? metropolitan New York. Nearly "The Council of State Govern- 700 sat down in fellowship. The second speaker of the day, ments, meeting in its Third Gen- While the greater number were Rev. Joseph R. Sizoo, D.D., lately eral Assembly in Washington in from metropolitan New York, come to New York from Wash- January, 1937, with representa- including cities and towns in ington, D. C., brought rich extion from 45 states, adopted a New Jersey, We s t c he s t e r periences from his contacts with series of resolutions favoring County, New York, and Long varying groups. All he found 'uniform and reciprocal state Island, there were guests from going back for satisfaction of laws to iron out some of the con- Poughkeepsie, New York; Stam- heart-hunger to the Christian flicts in the field of social se- ford and Norwalk, Connecticut; faith. Dr. Sizoo had as his topic curity.' It recommended a stand- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; "For Such a Day as This," and ard requirement of one year to Washington, D. C. ; the Bay pointed out how Christian womgain settlement; a provision for region and Southern California; anhood in such a time must meet retaining the old settlement un- Atlanta, Georgia, and Toronto, the heart-hunger of the world til a new settlement was ac- Canada. for the Gospel. He said we quired; relief and service dur- have got to develop a new kind ing any period of inquiry as to The luncheon was planned of heroism. settlement; authority vested in the state public welfare depart- under the chairmanship Of Mrs. Dr. Robert M. Searle, as secment to determine settlement; retary of the New York Federafunds available to the state for Augustus Trowbridge, who was tion of Churches, offered the inreimbursement of local commu- vocation, and the benediction nities for service rendered to also the charming presiding was pronounced by Rev. William transients; and approval of the officer. By her long-range plan- Adams Brown, D.D., Chairman 'Uniform Transfer of Depend- ning Mrs. Trowbridge was able of the Committee on Universal ents Act.' These resolutions, to bring to the luncheon group a Life and Work. bearing as they do the stamp of cable message from India from approval of the official delegates Dr. E. Stanley Jones as follows: In closing we quote from a from 45 states,constitute the "Personal gratitude your signifi- letter of Dr. Brown's received crystallization in government of cant move toward unity. Light after the luncheon, for it exa sense of social responsibility in that direction. Follow it." presses what so many feel: for the non-resident." Another cable message of bless- ing on the undertaking from I do not know when I have attended May Luncheon for Church Maude Royden and a third mes- a meeting which seemed to me more sage from across seas, from vibrant· with thrilling possibilities. Women Lady Astor, "All we who profess It was not merely the fact that the the Christian faith will unite large company assembled was an ir:.- On May 10 at the Hotel Bilt- when we understand and apply dication of the resources of far-reachmore, New York City, a really Jesus' message, 'Now are we the ing and intelligent service which the significant luncheon took place. Sons of God,' and follow His Church possesses in her consecrated There had been several May Day command." President Mary E. womanhood, but still more the fact luncheons sponsored by one Woolley was prevented by the that your meeting together, instead interdenominational organiza- one hundredth anniversary of of separately, was an indication of tion for the missionary women Mount Holyoke College from be- your recognition that whatever difof metropolitan New York but ing present. In her place at the ferentiation of function may prove this luncheon sponsored by the guest table was Mrs. William wise from the point of view of effecfour interdenominational or- Adams Brown. tive administration, the cause is at ganizations . t h r 0 ugh which heart one. Dr. Mary Ely Lyman, just rechurch women have been work- turned from receiving an hon- May this cause which is one ing, symbolized a new epoch. orary degree from Mount Hol- be served whole-heartedly by The thought back of this effort yoke, brought a strong message every woman who has taken the on what church women can con- name of Jesus Christ upon her, tribute toward bringing in the and may she give herself entirely to Him in "Such a Day as This."

EMMA JESSIE OGG.

~ Our World–wide

I A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO EUROPE the influence of a book by the restore the crucifixes to their original headmaster of a Jewish girls' places on the walls. The Bible in Spain secondary school whose study of anti-Semitism has led him to In his May Day speech Hitler In the latest report of the realize that the only solution to is reported to have declared: "I British and Foreign Bible So- the Jewish problem is to be will not tolerate that the German ciety, reference is made to the found in Christ. Two hundred people's authority shall be mentriumphs of the Bible in Spain Jewish families in Bucharest are aced from any quarter. . . . during the present conflict and prepared to become Christians, That holds good above all for distress. Although the civil war but the State church refuses to the churches." was raging in Spain for half the encourage the movement. . year with which the report As to the children of Chrisdeals, a circulation of 211,000 -Watchman-Examiner. tian people he said: volumes was achieved. The Bible Society's depot in Madrid Religious Education in Sweden We will take their children and was kept open during the siege will educate them to become new Gerand the Society's agent remained The Lutheran Church is the mans. We will not permit them to at his post. State Church in Sweden and in lapse into the old ways of thinking. all high schools and colleges re- We will take them when they are ten Evangelism in Belgium ligion is a required subject. It years old and bring them up in the includes Bible study, church spirit of the community until they are Within the past few months, history, comparative religion eighteen. They shall not escape us! the Belgian Gospel Mission, and missions. School work befounded by Mr. and Mrs. Ralph gins every day with a religious -New York Times. Norton, has opened seven new service lasting about fifteen mincenters, making a total of sixty- utes, with a view to training What of the Waldenses? six in which the Gospel is reg- pupils to do serious thinking on ularly preached. M. Vansteen- religious and ethical questions. This oldest evangelical church berghe, one of the directors of in the world, a church that has the Mission, was converted from Teachers of religion are re- withstood more than 30 organatheism in England during the quired to be members of the ized persecutions, today has 250 war, through the reading of the State Church. Great demands churches and missions in Italy. Bible while in a hospital. are made as to the teacher's per- Because of retrenchment in sonality; he must preach by his other churches, the Waldenses M. Vansteenberghe tells how character the same ideals that are carrying more responsibility one center was opened as typical he teaches. for Christian witnessing in Italy of all the others: A brushmaker, than ever before. Last year living near Ypres, heard the -The Christian Advocate. they provided over 88 per cent Gospel at a meeting last June, of the money spent upon their was converted, and straightway The Cross in German Schools Missions throughout Italy, their asked if a hall could be opened H 0 s pit a 1s, their Children's in his village. With his small An order to replace the cruci- Homes, their Homes for the life savings, he enlarged a brick fix in classrooms in Germany Aged, their College at Torre Pelshed attached to his house, so with pictures of Adolph Hitler lice and their Theological Semthat it is capable of seating forty has resulted in great excitement inary at Rome. Their congregapeople. On the opening day, and open resistance. The Liv- tions are larger than ever, and sixty crowded in, and others ing Church says: Italians in increasing numbers stood outside the door listening. are joining their churches. The unyielding attitude of Roman -Life of Faith. Catholic parents forced the authori- It is clear that an evangelical ties at Konnersreuth to restore the agency, such as the Waldensian Jews Turn to Christ crucifixes to the classrooms in that Church, is more needed in Italy city. Upward of 100 irate townsmen than ever before. The Barbican Mission to the marched to the home of the school Jews, London, reports that sev- superintendent and chanted in unison AFRICA eral hundred Jewish families in their demand for restitution of the Rumania are prepared to accept Christian symbols. The intervention 11 Duce and the Moslems Christ. This is largely due to of the police, with drawn revolvers, failed to intimidate the townspeople. A New York Times corre- The upshot of this demonstration was spondent in Egypt declares the an order from the local authorities to majority of Moslems are unal- [387 ]

terably opposed to Mussolini's Protestants Not Wanted Tea With Tracts claim to be "defender of the in Tripoli Moslem faith." Sheikh Musta- Dr. Burkitt of Nairobi in pha el Maraghi, rector of the The medical mission for Mos- Kenya Colony, Africa, is a dithousand-year-old Azhar Uni- lems and Jews in Tripoli has rector of a tea plantation and at versity in Cairo, and recognized been closed by Italian authori- the same time carries on Chrisas the ecclesiastical head of Mos- ties, and the missionary doctor tian work. He is promoting an lems throughout the world, says: was ordered to leave the terri- East Africa Colportage Society "Only a Moslem who believes in tory. For half a century the for the distribution of Scripture the religion of Mohammed and North Africa Mission has main- portions and evangelical booklets lives up to the laws of the Koran tained this healing and preach- among the blacks from many can be the defender or protector ing center, the only evangelical tribes who pass through on their of Islam. No other person, no witness in the whole of Libya. way to mines and plantations. matter of what race or religion Complying with Government re- They eagerly read anything they or nationality, can be our de- quirements, the purpose of the can get in their own dialects. fender." mission was described as: "Ex- Dr. Burkitt has an attractive plaining the way of salvation depot in Nairobi which he hopes Their religion forbids Moham- through the Lord Jesus Christ to duplicate in other centers of medans from being ruled by non- in obedience to His commands, East Africa. -So S. Times. Moslems, and those of that faith and also endeavoring to show the in the Near East are not at all love of God in our medical con- WESTERN ASIA interested in Mussolini's pro- sultations." nouncement. After Fifty Years A' government ordinance of Cairo's College for Girls Two reports from North Syria August 26 authorized the mis- prove that progress may appear The American College for sion to continue under three con- over a stretch of half a century, Girls at Cairo, administered by ditions: (a) No religious prop- which cannot be seen from year the American Mission in Egypt aganda. (b) Nurses to have to year. The first is that of for the United Presbyterian Italian diplomas. (c) Premises Rev. D. M. Wilson in regard to Church of North America, is the to conform to Hygiene Inspec- Tripoli, written in 1853; the lineal descendant of the first tor's regulations. The doctor other, written fifty years later girls' school in all Egypt. The was unaware of this Ordinance by Rev. F. W. March, who died cornerstone of the first building until it was read to him at the last year after 60 years in Syria. was laid February 25, 1908. The police station; after which, original college building fund charged with disregarding its "We mention schools not bewas raised through the personal terms, he was ordered to leave cause we have any, but to state efforts of its founder and first and the Mission was closed. the reason why we have none. president, Miss Ella O. Kyle, Near the close of the last year supported by a committee in -Moslem World. our school in Tripoli was broken Pittsburgh and individuals in up by the Greeks…. At none both Egypt and America. The Good News from Nigeria of the villages is there any proslargest single contribution was pect that a school would open the $30,000, a gift from Mr. John D. H. G. Farrant, field secretary way for a preaching station; and Rockefeller, Sr. It is the most of the Sudan United Mission, to sustain a school for the sake advanced Protestant missionary gives an encouraging account of of the influence of the school school for girls in North Africa, present conditions in northern alone, under any native teacher occupying a strategic position in Nigeria. Although a few years we can. employ, we regard as a a city that is the largest in the ago a missionary would be able waste of missionary funds. . . . continent, and that is, at the to give the names and histories Since last spring the Christians same time, the intellectual and of all the converts, today that have lived in constant fear of spiritual center of the Arabic- would be impossible. By far the their Moslem neighbors, indeed speaking Moslem world. greater number of converts of a large part of the Christian recent years have been won, not population fled in midsummer The student body numbers by Europeans, but by Africans. to the mountains where many of mor~ than 400; courses include It is the aim of the Mission to them still remain. . . . If asked the whole gamut of a girl's edu- "blacken" the work as much as whether there be signs of a cation, from the Beginners' De- possible. Thirty men with their brighter dawn our answer would partment through the equivalent wives and families are being be very unsatisfactory." of an American Junior College trained at Gindiri for evangeliscourse. Among graduates are tic work. Two centers in the "The Tripoli field has eight found doctors, nurses, lawyers, heart of one Moslem district, organized churches, most of musicians, teachers, office work- which had not been available for which include groups of villages, ers, an artist of note, Egypt's missionary effort during thirty so that the eight churches take sole aviatrix, and a host of effi- years, are now occupied. The in all the church members of the cient wives and mothers. opening of a new leper colony at whole field. Each church has a Maiduguri means the possibility native preacher. There are 23 of reaching 1,000,000 people. outstations including 25 schools -The Christian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

which are visited regularly. In suggested that since the mission- threw herself on the body of her the eight churches are 767 mem- aries had discovered the source dead husband prepared for crebers. . . . During the year, 31 of disease, doubtless they would mation. God knows what else persons have been received on provide a new and safe fountain. she did in the name of Christ the profession of faith. The eight "Unfortunately," said the mis- Great Physician." churches working together as a sionary, "our mission has no Presbytery have established a money for such projects, nor Physical Training for Women Home Mission work; a commit- have we as individuals." tee composed wholly of Syrians The Physical Education Colhaving been appointed to receive Finally it was agreed that if lege for Women in Bengal is an and disburse funds and direct the missionary could provide the experiment financed in Canada. the work. They have raised cement for a sealed fountain, the It has made a beginning with 9,000 ps." headman would provide the 16 pupils, Europeans and In- labor. Now the 2,000 people of dians, from various parts of In- -Syria News Quarterly. the Moslem village get clean dia, women of good educational water and the Christians are standing who think it worth American Mission Press welcomed as friends. while spending time and money to obtain this extra qualification. The year 1934 marked the -Monday Morning. Even for girls, education is no centenary of the American Mis- longer confined to books; they sion Press in Beirut, Syria. The INDIA AND SIAM are the healthier and happier Press was founded in 1822 on for the change. Calcutta has the Island of Malta for service Seeing Below the Surface had a physical education college in the Near East, but it was not for men for a few years, and its until 1834 that it was actually "World travelers who visit influence is already felt throughmoved to Beirut, where it has port cities, stay in good hotels out the province. The girls' colnow completed over one hundred and follow guides may have an lege will soon be as well known. years of missionary publication interesting time, but they learn and printing for Arabic-speak- little of human suffering and its A recent demonstration of the ing lands. Its literature now amelioration," writes a corre- College was largely attended by goes to some twenty-five differ- spondent of the Christian Evan- prominent people of Calcutta. ent countries. gelist. -Indian Witness. Many missionaries and in- "My saddest experience has digenous workers have aided in been to note the look of fear, as New Methods in Rural Work various ways. A zealous young well as suffering, in the faces of Swiss has recently printed at the teeming thousands-a look born Evangelistic work in rural Press a useful leaflet, "How to of ignorance, disease and under- areas seems to be taking a new Read the Bible." Dr. N. Nucho, nourished bodies; a ghastly look turn, and promises well for Director of Hamlin Memorial of futility because there is no building up the Church. In gen- Sanatorium, has distributed in physician, no hospital, nurse or eral, the emphasis is: the past several years thousands medicine; and worse yet, no of copies of a tract on "Tuber- courage that comes from the (1) Seek to concentrate evangelistic culosis and Its Prevention," Spirit of Christ. In most orien- effort in villages and seek to build largely at his own expense. tal countries, as well as in Cen- up the old Christian communities; tral Africa, there is probably no (2) oDtain a mediating leadership; -Syria News Quarterly. more than one trained physician (3) make a decisive and deep im- to every 200,000 people. pression on chaudhri leaders by liv- Disturbing the Village ing with them; (4) aim to make them "A few years ago I spent sev- the firebrands that will set the villages When a missionary came to a eral hours with a medical mis- aflame, and (5) get them to take re- Moslem village in Syria, it did sionary in India. This delicate sponsibility for follow-up work. not take his trained-nurse wife woman gave herself and her long to tell him that much of the service to people in their filth, It is a new experience for old disease rampant in the town was ignorance and abysmal super- converts from the sweeper class due to the public fountain, where stition and suffering, packed in to live in the same tents with the women dipped hands and poverty like rabbits in a warren. city folks, and "break caste" by jars to draw the family water She dressed wounds many times eating with them. It is also a supply. after having taken out the mag- new experience for them to work gots. She cleansed the fly larvae to schedule and obey the call of "It is the will of Allah that from the festering eyes of little the bell, and in the evenings to there should be sickness," said children and bound them with get the exer_cise afforded by the village headman when it was healing lotions. She gave con- games of football. urged that he take steps to rem- solation and sedative to a dying edy this condition. "You stran- man who had hold of the tail of -Indian Witness. gers are disturbing our village. the sacred cow which had been Please go away and do not come brought into the house to help Andhra Christian College back." in his dying moments. She com- forted a wailing widow as she The United Lutheran Church On second thought he shrewdly of America and the Church Mis- sionary Society of Great Britain have worked out a plan of coop-

eration in Andhra Christian Fruit of Leper Work and shot them. Their bodies College. The first C. M. S. pro- were dumped in a lime-filled fessor will join the staff on Dr. and Mrs. J. W. McKean, trench, and the village was looted July 1. Lutherans will provide now living in retirement at and burned. A smaller group a dormitory for C. M. S. stu- Claremont, California, were mis- was slain near Canton, and Candents. sionaries in Siam for thirty ton authorities are also said to years, establishing the first or- be engaged in making a round- It is hoped that the American ganized work for lepers in that up of all lepers. Lutheran Church Mission, the kingdom. About 2,000 lepers American Baptist Mission, the have since entered the asylum at Military authorities had long English Methodist Mission, the Chiengmai. There are 450 there threatened to end the little Canadian Baptist Mission and now and nearly all have become Happy Valley colony in their efthe American Methodist Epis- active, praying Christians, mak- forts to wipe out the disease. copal Mission will also coop- ing regular contributions to the work out of their very limited Mission to Chinese Buddhists erate. allowance for food money. The Christian Mission to Bud- Women Elders in Siam A recent letter from Chieng- dhists is now fifteen years old. mai Leper Asylum includes this Its first headquarters were in The Leper Asylum, Chieng- statement: "Mr. Pia begs to Nanking, but in 1926 the center mai, Siam, has the distinction of hand to Dr. McKean two ticals was moved to Shatin, near Honghaving the first women elders in and to Mrs. McKean two ticals kong. The influence of this work the Presbyterian Church. Nang to be used in God's work." (A extends to every large monastery La and .Nang Kan Gao were tical is worth about 50 cents.) in China and even reaches elected to eldership in April, Japan, Malaya and Formosa. 1925. At that time Siam formed -Monday Morning. Since the beginning of the mistwo presbyteries of the synod of sion over eighty Buddhist and New York. These two saintly CHINA Taoist monks of "lay-devotees" old women went about the duties have been baptized as Christians of their high office with a hu- "The Bread of Life" and some have become pastors mility and joy touching to be- of churches. In addition, there hold. A cracker manufacturer of are several thousand "Tao Yu" Hongkong encloses in each tin -interested men and women. There had been good reason of his wares, shipped throughout for their election. Many leper China and the Netherlands In- Until recently this work has women were so crippled they dies, a small paper on which is been supported by funds from could not come to the chapel, and printed in four languages- Norway, Sweden and Denmark, missed the comfort of the weekly Chinese, Javanese, Malay and but it is expected that the Anservice. These women therefore English-the text, "Jesus said, glican Church will help next asked that two of their number I am the Bread of Life." year. The plan is to form a be made elders to comfort, teach brotherhood of converted Budand administer sacrament to When a representative of the dhist monks, already accustomed helpless shut-ins. The two most British and Foreign Bible So- to celibacy, who will live together loved were Nang La and Nang ciety called on this man recently and be available for special evan- Kan Gao. Nang La had been a he showed him a drawer full of gelistic· work among educated wretched beggar. Her near letters which he had received, Buddhist lay folk in the cities, relatives did not care for her asking for more information and among the hills of Yunnan. and at the progressive signs of about this Jesus, "the Bread of leprosy drove her away from Life." In reply, he always sends .-Chinese Recorder. her home. Her only recourse a copy of St. John's Gospel, with was holding out her twisted a personal testimony to its in- Results from Small Efforts hands for alms. Then she found fluence on his own life. Christ and began to "serve the During her stay in China, Lord with gladness." -Alliance Weekly. Muriel Lester says the most re- markable piece of work she saw Nang Kan Gao lived in He~then 'Cruelty was the transformation of a vil- Chiengmai where her husband lage in twelve months. Two was an elder in the church and Presbyterian missionaries re- missionaries lived so close to the she herself was a great Bible port the execution of 80 mem- Chinese in fellowship and so student and ardent Christian. bers of a leper colony in Yeung- close to our Lord in spirit, that Her husband died and Nang kong, Kwangtung Pro v inc e, by using only their spare time· Kan Gao carried on alone. China, by civil and military au-_ and spending almost no money When it was discovered that she thorities. These lepers lived in they were able to evoke from the had leprosy, still in its early a little cluster of huts known as peasants of a neighboring village stage, she immediately started Happy Valley, and existed by sufficient confidence, communal on foot to Chiengmai. Because their own efforts, aided by the ambition and initiative to set up the disease was caught in its missionaries. A lone survivor three schools, a library and early stage, it was arrested. told of hiding in a sewer of the reading room, a daily clinic, a village while soldiers bound his -Siam Outlook. associates, carried them to a hill

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

public exhibition of agricultural Better Conditions for Women "I told her that the baby produce in which five or six other villages cooperated, and a A Woman's Life Improvement seemed well and strong, a finegroup of voluntary actors, stilt Association is being sponsored looking little fellow-I thought walkers, conjurors, to enliven by the Kiangsi provincial gov- she was doing a good job. She the long days of the New Year ernment. For six months the holiday. Association will investigate the said no, he was spoiled. She living conditions of women in couldn't feed him properly, she A leading medical man had Kiangsi. Then plans will be couldn't train him properlybeen helping the peasants near the grandparents wouldn't allow his hospital set up a credit and worked out for the promotion of it. Every time she tried to cormarketing cooperative. Amazed the welfare of women. From rect him, they interfered and at the resourcefulness and re- July, 1937, to June, 1942, is to scolded her! I tried to sympaliability that was forthcoming be the period of enforcement. thize with her, but I told her it In the first year a home econom- was her job, and a tough one. he summed up his whole ex- If only there were any hopes of perience of China: ics' school will be established. training the grandparents !" The second year will see the ex- "There is no country like it. tension of the program to ten JAPAN-CHOSEN Here one gets such big results more districts: the third year to 20 more districts; the fourth from such small efforts." year to 25 more districts; and Intensive Rural Campaign -The Christian Advocate. the fifth year to 27 more dis- In experimenting with ways Mui Tsai Slavery tricts, thus finally covering the and means to carryon its cam- whole province. Special stress paign for "100,000 new men and boys for Christ in ten years," For some years the British will be laid on needs of farming the Brotherhood of St. Andrew Government has been trying to and working women. Physical is giving a full half of its energy education, civic training, indus- this year to stirring up activity end the practice called Mui Tsai, trial and farming production, whereby young girls are sold useful social activities and set- in rural evangelism. An Insti- ting up of good habits will all tute for training rural workers into service – to work for the receive attention. will be held in Tokyo, August purchasing household without pay and without the right to -China Critic. 16-21, when a well-planned, leave. Yet in spite of legal en- practical demonstration course actments, ways and means have How Would You Answer This? will be conducted by rural workbeen found to continue the prac- ers in such problems as evantice, which cannot be considered What is the proper way to de- gelism, woman's work, young anything but a mild form of cline taking a baby to bring up? slavery. The recent findings of This is what a missionary in men's work, church school meththe Royal Commission appointed Hainan would like to know, and ods, and health and occupational to investigate this matter make here is why. schemes. Only three rural work- ers, lay or clerical, from each of clear such a conclusion to any A young Christian mother the ten dioceses, will be invited has been much interested in the to participate in the first instiimpartial investigator. feeding and care of her baby, and came to the Mission at in- tute. The Onabake Mission was The Manchester Guardian gets tervals with questions. She had chosen as being best suited for to the heart of the problem when asked for a book on "Care and demonstration purposes, being it says: Training of Children." Let the missionary finish the story: located five miles from the rail- If it were possible to discover what way station, in the midst of a girls are Mui Tsai, the present legis- "She was the fi'rst mother I countryside completely population in Hongkong and Malaya, properly enforced, would be sufficient to lated by small farmers. This abolish the practice. The difficulty, had known to intimate that she little mission was made possible as the Commission and all other in- was not fully qualified to bring through a gift of $1,000 secured vestigators have realized, is that the up any number of children. But by Bishop Dallas, following his possessors of a Mui Tsai naturally claim that the child is something else I had not seen her for several visit to Japan last year.

-an illegitimate daughter, a child left weeks, when she came up one -The Living Church. in their care by relations, or, gen- Sunday after church. When I erally, "an adopted daughter-in-law" went downstairs to greet her, More Japanese Deities -that is, a girl child adopted until she said, 'I've brought my baby she is old enough to marry a son of to hand over to you, so you can To Japan's national pantheon, the house. The only practical meas- bring him up properly,' and she which is said to include "eighty ure that has ever been suggested to myriads of gods," 1,148 new stop this is to register. all adopted pushed him into my hands, con- deities were added in solemn daughters-in-law and, if necessary, all tinuing, 'I don't know how. I ceremonies last April. They children transferred from their par- want you to teach him and feed were soldiers of the empire who ents' care. The Governments in Hong- him and train him-it wouldn't had died during the past year. kong and Malaya have always resisted be hard for you. It's hard for this on the ground that such measures me. I'm not equal to it. Oh, The ceremonies in form and would logically lead to the registration and supervision of every girl in meaning have no Occidental the colony. I'll pay you,' she added.

counterparts. The rites were Even before the tent meetings ISLANDS OF THE PAOIFIO carried out in darkness. Against the local congregation had felt the black background of the the old church building inade- Demon Possession in shrine the white-robed Shinto quate, and had taken up a sub- South Seas priests and military officers who scription, at great sacrifice, of assisted made striking, ghost- one hundred yen. A wealthy A missionary in the South Sea like figures. Three thousand Christian woman in Taiku Evangelical Mission, working in members of the families of the who had grown up in that village the Solomon Islands, thinks that dead and the highest officers of gave another hundred. Follow- those who scoff at the reality of the army and navy were present. ing the Sunday service all joined Satan and demons, would revise in a parade. "A couple of hun- their theology if they could be First, the chief priest of the dred strong we marched a half in a heathen village for a few shrine invited the spirits of the mile to the river-bed," writes days. He tells of a notorious departed to enter the sanctuary. Mr. Adams, "We each, men, old witch doctor whose mind was Rites were held to felicitate the women and children picked up a incapable of grasping spiritual new deities on their elevation. stone according to our strength. ideas. When he was convicted In solemn procession, with a mil- We marched back to town, while of sin and he accepted Christ his itary band playing a funeral an- non-Christians lined the streets mind cleared, and his joy was them, a small portable shrine, to see the strange parade. We unbounded. But Satan did not conceived to contain the spirits deposited the stones in the easily release him. Next day a of the new deities, was carried church courtyard, and then held man hurried to the mission, crythrough the courtyard to the a brief service dedicating these ing: main temple. All lanterns and first offerings to the future place other lights were extinguished of worship to the one and only "Come quick! Old Mae-hui during its passage. When the true God and His Son. It was shake-shake too much; old fell a ark was placed in its proper a witness of solidarity among devil come back." niche the shrine lights were relit Christians." and offerings of fruit, vegetables The old man was found graspand wine were placed before the Stages of Growth in Korea ing the rafters of his low dwellnew spirits. ing, shaking the building with The figures tracing Presby- great power, and crying out in Those deified in the recent terian Church growth in Korea an unearthly way. Prayer was ceremony brought the total so since 1900 are significant. The offered and soon Mae-hui called worshipped to 130,967. first decade of this century saw out, "Lord Jesus, save me from a growth of 1,1000/0 in adher- this devil's power." Immediately -New York Times. ents, but in the second decade he fell exhausted to the floor and slept heavily for a few hours. A Witness of Solidarity the increase was only 3 %. Dur- He soon recovered and has gone on since a happy Christian. Edward Adams writes from ing the third, the figure advanced Taiku, Korea, of results that fol- to 26%, while in the six years of NORTH AMERIOA lowed a week of tent meetings this fourth decade there has ten miles from Taiku, where a been the almost unbelievable in- Oommission on Unity church had been established ten crease of 75.5%. years ago, but they were ten Largely as an outgrowth of years of struggle for bare exist- Baptized membership has not the National Preaching Mission, ence. A little farther into the kept pace with this. While it a new "Commission for the mountains are two more groups was 1,000% between 1900 and Study of Christian Unity" will -about three miles apart-very 1910, the next decade shows carryon. "a continuous educamuch in the same condition. Too 76%, the third 33%, and the six tional program," both as to the far from the main currents of "conditions that create the de- Christian activities, and with the years of the fourth 24 %. There mand for a greater unity" and strong and overwhelming back- as to the various proposals by ward pull of a hostile society, it were no native pastors in 1900; which unity may be achieved. has been a discouraging strug- there were 40 in 1920; then an The educational program would gle. A native pastor, four lay increase of 3500/0 in 1920, of strive to produce attitudes favorworkers, two women and two 127% in 1930 and 29% in 1936. able to an advance in unity, and men made up the Gospel team. readiness to give open-minded For three days the tent was filled These figures reflect the great consideration to whatever plans (500-800 people) morning, noon revival that followed loss of in- seem most promising. and night. Workers took turns dependence; the period of conin addressing the multitudes solidation that followed, a period Some of the conditions behind· with time out only at meals. By that has now passed and the the demand for greater unity Sunday night 140 decided to ac- Church seems to be entering an– are: cept Jesus as Lord and Saviour. other forward movement. Mis- Two evangelists ~tayed to do fol- sionary work in Korea began in Overchurching in local areas. low-up work, and the next week 1884; Christians now number Inefficient use of resources. 20 more decisions were made. 520,000. Since the total popula- The meaninglessness of our divisions tion is 20,500,000, each Chris- tian must win 40 others! when transplanted to the mission fields, where new churches are -Christianity Today. being created.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The lack of moral authority in a British Army by a man named been studied very little, if at all. Church which appeals for unity Jackson at the time of the Amer- The results of their research is in the world at large, when it ican Revolution. Today one can then compiled, and used by gov- find albinos, mulattoes, as well ernment agencies, universities, has such insufficient unity within itself.

Progress in Kentucky's as combinations of these, and Bible translation societies and negroid and Indian features. scientific research societies. Mountains Little was done concerning This offers opportunity for their physical, mental or spir- Rapid changes are being made itual needs until the Episcopal service and discovery seldom in the Kentucky mountain com- Church began work there sev- surpassed in the realm of scienmunities. Many county seats eral years ago. Two years ago, are connected by good roads; tific research, as there are hunrivers once crossed only by fords Rev. Albert Chillson took hold dreds of extremely interesting have been bridged. Many good of the work. He found malnu- languages about which very schools have been erected. trition was widespread, high mortality among children and little is known, and long-sought 'rhe College at Berea operates destitution in general. Mr. Chill- secrets about the relationships a "book car." One who travels son gained their confidence by of people and streams of migrain it writes: tion. The Institute's headquar- repeated visits, and when he ters are at 506 Commonwealth During my almost six years of trav- proposed a religious service in Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

eling I have seen six new school build- the near-by schoolhouse on Sun- The Mormon Program ings replace old ones. In three in- day afternoons they responded of Today stances a two-room building has taken amazingly, both in numbers and the place of a one-room school. With It is well to know just what the new buildings, conditions have im- in their participation in the serv- the Mormons are up to in these proved. The better light and freshly ices. So far, only a beginning United States: painted walls seem conducive to clean- has been made. liness. In one school a small kitchen 1. Nearly 2,000 emissaries at work, has oeen equipped for serving hot -The Living Church. without salary. lunches.

Transportation of pupils to Saving the "Shreds" 2. Using deceptive radio talks mis- leading many.

county high schools is becoming Said Horace Mann in a lecture 3. Using millions of copies of perimore common. For the Cumber- on education: "The ash e s, odicals and tracts, all craftily written land National Forest the govern- to lead people to believe things utterly shreds and wrecks of everything contrary to the Bible. ment has already purchased are of some value." A California 300,000 acres, and plans even- reformatory is acting on this 4. Having a great building era; theory, and results are in sharp while it has already seven so-called tually to buy a total of 1,338,000 "temples" costing an average of acres, in seventeen counties of contrast to most misnamed "re- Kentucky. formatories" from which youtps $770,000, it is building soon a $525,000 plant in Los Angeles, another in Idaho, a new meeting-house in Chi- There are still very many commonly come out worse than cago costing half a million, besides its regions in which "the roads run when they entered. two $100,000 ones there; has another planned in Philadelphia; owns Manup the creeks, and the creeks run At the Preston School of In- hattan Congregational Church, New down the roads," many regions dustry, as this institution is York.

in which one must abandon all called, the boys are "cadets" in- 5. Has doubled its numbers twice thought of a car, and travel on stead of "inmates." Its cluster and one-third since the census of 1890 mule back or in jolt wagon to of buildings, with campus and and teaches that it is to rule the one's destination at some settle- world. ment or schoolhouse. athletic field, resembles a pleas- ant little college. Bars and 6. Has nearly all its Senior high- WILLIAM J. HUTCHINS. school students in its "Theological armed guards are only for a few Seminaries" one hour daily. "Jackson Whites" in sullen and vicious ones. The 7. Has millions of yearly income, rest have classes and military from tithing and large secular busi- ness interests, with which to do all New Jersey drills, learn trades, and are made this. 8. Has enough control over its peo- An isolated, backward group to feel that society is not against known as "Jackson Whites," liv- them, but on their side to aid ple to keep its proselyting force filled; ing in New Jersey, a few miles them to b e com e physically~ every young man expected to serve from the most heavily populated morally and mentally fit for use- two years or more. section of the United States, pre- ful citizenship. sent an ethnological puzzle. To -Light on Mormonism. -Evangelical-Messenger. Economic Freedom for Indians the original Indian settlers were Linguistic Research Hundreds of Navajo Indians added at least two other strains; met early in April in the Navajo Hessian deserters who in fleeing Each summer there is held an capital, Window Rock, Arizona, from their British masters had Institute of Linguistics, for the to draw up a new constitution.

settled in the hills and a part of purpose of training practical They desire a Legislature instead the 3,500 women, some white, linguistic investigators, and to of the old Tribal Council, which some black, imported under con- locate them among indigenous is claimed not to be representa- tract as camp-followers for the tribes whose languages have tive of all the people. Some of

the delegates were draped in torial officials, as well as mis- Fellowship will take part. The blankets, and some, college edu- sionaries, are deeply concerned campaign, lasting five or six cated, appeared as business men. over the situation. years, is designed to reach the All discussions were in the The Alaskan Native Brother- entire population of 16,000,000, Navajo tongue. hood, a Christian organization, which includes 3,000,000 of non- Seventy years ago this tribe has appealed to the missionaries Spanish – speaking Indians. A numbered 8,000; today there are for help in applying such restric- large circulation of the Scrip- 50,000 members. Their reser- tions to the traffic in intoxicants tures will be a feature of this vation includes 16,000 acres in as would afford the native people great effort.

Utah, New Mexico and Arizona. some measure of protection, and -Christianity Today.

Their land is rich in coal and save them from the moral de- oil. They own a million sheep, struction with which they are In the West Indies threatened. Victories over tempand their blanket business is ap- tation are being won by Alaskan The Presbyteries of Puerto proaching a million dollar indus- Rico and Cuba have been contry. Their constitution will be church members, who are sub- ducting evangelistic campaigns j ected almost daily to the sever- far more extensive than ever besubmitted to the "white fathers" est tests of the genuineness of fore. It is estimated that about at Washington. their Christian profession. 2,000 new members will be re- -Alliance Weekly.

Canadians Plan Federation Point Barrow Hospital Burns ceived as a result. These mem- bers have been trained for the Plans for a Canadian Federa- The hospital at Bar row, most part in the Sabbath schools. tion of Churches, fashioned Alaska, erected in 1921 by the The campaign has been carried somewhat after the Federal Presbyterian Board of National Council of Churches in the Missions, has been totally de- on by the pastors after weeks of United States, have been sent to stroyed by fire. The patients preparation. the heads of the Anglican, Bap- were removed safely, but meditist, Presbyterian and United cines and surgical equipment The Presbytery of Cuba or- Churches, the Salvation Army were destroyed. The loss is cov- dained two new ministers this and the Disciples. This proposed ered by insurance. Until July 1, year. They were members of federation would provide for 1936, when the operation of this the Sabbath school years ago, "the setting up of some coordi- hospital was transferred to the received their training from the nating council, so that in mat- Office of Indian Affairs of the ters of common interest we may U. S. Government, it provided mission schools of Cuba, and have the means of expressing the only health service available their seminary training in the ourselves, through one voice, to some 2,000 Eskimos. which could speak for the Prot- Evangelical Seminary in Puerto estant Church of our country." Emergency quarters h a v e Rico. One of them has estab- been fitted up, and medical sup- It is hoped thus to formulate plies and surgical equipment lished a church in what was fora united front of all Protestant have been shipped by dog team merly a garage, the only buildbodies on social questions, such from the Kotzebue Hospital. ing available when he was comas war and temperance, and for Mrs. Fred S. Klerekoper, wife pelled to move from a rented national evangelical work. of the missionary at Barrow, building, because of the annoy- who is a fully trained, registered -Advance. ance of a public cafe. The gar- age has been transformed into a nurse, will respond to emergency very attractive church audi- calls. Encouraging reports. have torium. The young minister and been received from the Klere- kopers regarding the progress his wife represent the new gen- Liquor Evils in Alaska of church work in the Barrow eration of Cubans, well prepared area. With characteristic devo- intellectllalIy, thoroughly identi- "The repeal of the Prohibition tion, the congregation continues fied with their own people, and Amendment was a major calam- definitely committed to the ideals ity for Alaska," says Dr. John of the Kingdom of Christ. M. Somerndike, Secretary for Alaska under the Presbyterian -The Presbyterian.

Board. "Ketchikan, for example, to carry forward the local pro- New Deal in Dominican with a population of less than gram of community worship and Republic 4,000, has 65 saloons where service. -Monday Morning. liquor is dispensed. Similar conditions prevail in every Alaskan LATIN AMERICA Long before the present gov- ernment used the term "New town and city. It is claimed that Evangelism in Mexico nearly two-thirds of the ship- Deal" it was a reality in the ments of Alaska steamship lines A cooperative effort in wideconsist of liquor. Its devastat- spread evangelism is being ar- Dominican mission field, and sixing effects are seen especially ranged, in which, among others, teen years of united action on among the native population. the National Bible Society of the part of United Brethren, Methodist and Presbyterian forces have proved its value. Immorality and every form of Scotland, the Scripture Gift Mis- Operating under four departvice follow in the wake of this sion, the Evangelical Churches ments – evangelistic, medical, evil. Government and terri- and the Latin America Prayer educational and social, the Board

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

for Christian Work in Santo Do- Need for Nationals in its annual feast and bull-fight. mingo has moved forward in a The constant noise and din of unified program w h i c h has The general situation in Cen- the drunken band all night long reached every stratum of Do- tral America directs attention to made sleep well-nigh impossible. minican life, and has become a the need for national Christian With the governor's permission vital factor for improvement. workers. Efforts are being made I was able to preach in the pub- There has been a substantial in- to send Christian workers into lic plaza as well as sell books, crease in the number of evan- several new Departments in before the bull-fight began. We gelicals. English Wesleyans are Guatemala, EI Salvador, Nic- had a good congregation and the now incorporated in this union aragua and Honduras. Foreign people were quite keen to listen church, and this year there was missionaries will take part in the to our message. held in Samafia the centennial advance, but the importance of celebration of the founding of the Bible Institutes at Pana- "The governor is a slave to the Wesleyan Methodist Church jachel for Indians, and that at drink. His wife asked if we had in that district among the Eng- Guatemala City and at San Jose a cure for this curse, and turnlish-speaking colored people, who in Costa Rica for Spanish-speak- ing to the two boys with me, I had migrated there from Penn- ing students, is increasingly ap- said, 'Senora, there are two of sylvania, New Jersey and the parent. Moreover, travel be- them. Ask them,' and Matias Carolinas in 1824. In 1837, tween the republics becomes Arela warmed my heart with his England sent a pastor who more difficult by the application splendid testimony. He was a founded a church with 60 char- of measures chiefly designed to known drunkard, but is now a ter members. The oldest mem- exclude foreign competitive im- free man through Christ. ber is 96 years old. Hanging on migration. News from Costa Rica the wall of her home is this indicates that the Government is "A seven hours' horseback motto, painted by her husband: taking drastic measures to limit journey took us to Copapata, "Childron United you stand de- the number of incoming mission- and here we saw the nucleus for vied you faull. Childron when aries; and the Minister of For- a growing work. We visited this you see remember me-E. eign Relations of Colombia has other small towns and made con- Anderson." Thus the idea of also announced that no more tacts with some who are really unity is foretold. -Advance. missionaries are wanted in Co- keen to know the way of salva- lombia. His veto is particularly tion. I always think of the town Woman's World severe against any further in- of Santa Rosa as the place where crease of single women workers. Satan's seat is. The ]ileople are The Presbyterian Board re- exceedingly bitter against us ports great progress in the West -World Dominion Press. and are very fanatical Catholics. Indies during the last few years In 1931 we held meetings there, in the organization of women's Belated Eft'orts in Guatemala but owing to continued persecu- tion the Indians stopped roming. societies in the churches. There Roman Catholics are making However, on this visit we had are now 18 church societies in every effort to regain lost ground the joy of baptizing five from Cuba, with 491 members, re- in Guatemala. Their efforts are the town itself, who professed porting more than 700 meetings commendable in many ways: a faith in Christ as Saviour. So during the past year. On their better type of clergymen; more keen were they that we hold a own initiative they have con- active rural work; better educa- convention there, that we did so. ducted seven Sunday schools and tion for children; certain im- Some fanatical women turned distributed 7,000 pieces of litera- provements in the quality of up, hoping to disturb the meetture. Each society has estab- their press; and even a strong ing; but we sang hymns until lished a "wardrobe," collecting party within the church, work- they went off in disgust. They and distributing used clothing to ing to purify the church, or at repeated the experiment the folthe community. Miss Edith M. least to remove the objections lowing day, but a terrible hail- Houston, worker at large, re- that laid it open to'complaint and storm drenched them and they ports that while visiting in the favored the advance of the made a hasty retreat. Not once home of one of the members of Evangelicals. Meanwhile, the were we disturbed again. Later, the societies, she found the evangelical cause continues to a son of one of these fanatical woman of the house examining grow by leaps and bounds. women who had attended the her coat and murmuring, "It meetings for the first time exwould make three little pairs of -Guatemala News. pressed the desire to know the pants." She lost no time in res- Lord. cuing her coat from the modern In Southern Peru Dorcas. Afro-Cuban Cult Alex. Jardine, writing for The Many of the societies have Neglected Continent, tells of a According to the Literary Diprayer groups, meeting once a new Christian group at Macu- gest there is in Cuba a cult month with the sole purpose of sani, southern Peru, who had whose rites sound like a page praying for the evangelization sent a special reque>st for an from pagan Africa. Kidnapof Cuba. -Monday Morning. evangelist to visit them. Mr. ping white children and human Jardine responded and says: sacrifice are a part of the cere- "We found the viUage occupied

monia!. Forty of their witch (66.79 %) are of the opinion aries in fourteen different fordoctors were arrested last De- that religion is losing ground. eign countries. Of the 2,728 cember and twenty others are churches in these foreign counalready serving long terms in World Religions tries, 2,000 are self-supporting. the Government prison. The total membership is 204,894. World Dominion has recently Rumania reported 6,050 bap- This cult originated at Sabee, published tables as authentic as capital of the West African slave are available of the percentages tisms, which was the largest coast kingdom of Whydah. It and numbers of the religions of number reported for the year. claims 500,000 votaries in Cuba, the world: of whom 100,000 are whites. – Watchman-Examiner. Catholic …….. 350,000,000-17% Gospel Bus in Chile Orthodox ……. 150,000,000- 7% Asia's Children in Sunday Protestant …… 230,000,000-11% School For the past three or four years the Presbyterian mission Of the non-Christian religions India has the largest Sunday in Chile has taken an active part school enrolment in Asia, with in the work of distributing the the Confucianists form 17 %, Korea a close second. There are Scriptures throughout r u r a I Hindus and Moslems 12 % each, 285,000,000 children in Asia areas by means of a gospel bus. under fourteen years of age They have made long trips with Buddhists, Animists, Shin- (excluding Asiatic Russia), out through the country whenever toists, Jews and others making of which number 2,800,000 beweather permitted traffic away up the remainder of the 2,040,- long to Protestant communities from the central highways. 000,000 in that class. -that is one in a hundred. Only Hundreds of New Testaments about one-quarter of these chilhave been left in the homes of Lutherans Go Forward dren have been touched by the country people, many of whom Sunday school. Some have been never leave their thatched huts. The American L u the ran receiving religious instruction in In each place the missionaries Board of Foreign Missions in day schools, but such privileges take the opportunity of telling adopting its budget on April 22, in day schools are rapidly disthe story of Christ, reading from removed a 10ro cut in mission- appearing. -Alliance Weekly. the Bible itself, training new ary salaries, and voted to send Christians, and opening new during the year one new or re- Women's Missionary Magazine avenues of interest. placement missionary to each foreign field, and also to make After years of discussion and -Presbyterian Banner. to each field a special contribu- planning, the Women's Mission- tion of $1,000 during the year ary Magazine of the United MISCELLANEOUS ($500 for British Guiana) for Presbyterian Church issued its buildings or general work. Ar- first number in August, 1887, Is Religion Losing Ground? gentina gets $1,500 because of with 2,300 advance subscrip- special needs at Eldorado. The. tions. Mrs. Sarah Foster Hanna In the January Fortune ap- total financial advance for the had the honor of first advocating peared the results of a survey on year is $30,000. such a magazine. Mrs. W. the status of religion in the Clark Hutchison, of Xenia, Ohio, Other indications of renewed was its first editor, and served United States today, based on progress are the building of a for 27 years. She was followed 4,500 interviews secured by For- church in Kobe, Japan, and three by Mrs. George Moore, who tune's investigators. new buildings at Zorzor, Liberia. served for 21 years. A fund The erection of new buildings at raised as a memorial to her sup- An equal number of men and Tsingtao, China, will proceed as plies illustrations for the magawomen were interviewed in all soon as the Luther League of zine. It is now under the capable major geographical areas, in America has attained its objec- editorship of Mrs. J. P. White, both rural and urban communi- tive of $10,000. formerly a missionary in Egypt.

ties. The various economic A special effort to cancel the o Lord our God, thy mighty hand levels were represented as fol- Board's debt is making headway. Hath made our country free; lows: prosperous, 10%; upper The treasurer was able to report that indebtedness had been re- From all her broad and happy land middle class, 27 %; lower middle duced to $80,000 by last March. The regular budget of the Board May worship rise to thee; class, 38%, and poor, 25%. is $471,727. The question: "Is religion in Fulfill the promise of her youth, Baptist Gains Her liberty defend; , America today gaining or losing .More than 17,000 persons, the By law and order, love and truth, ground?" The consensus of largest number in one year in judgment: the history of the Foreign Mis- America befriend! sion Society of the Southern Religion gaining……….. 24.8% Baptist Convention, were bap- The strength of every state increase Losing……………….. 49.90/0 tized by the Society's mission- Same ………………… 17. 20/0 aries and native workers last In Union's golden chain; Has no influence ………. year. The Society has mission- Don't know…………… 1. 3% Her thousand cities fill with peace, 6.8% Her million fields with grain- The virtues of her mingled blood Of those definitely believing In one new people blend; that religion is either gaining or losing, more than two-thirds By unity and brotherhood, America befriend! AMElN. -Henry van Dyke.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Christianity in the Eastern Conflicts. Eastward. The Story of Adoniram tions and achievements of the A Study of Christianity, National- Judson. Portrait. 8vo. 240 pp. next thirty-seven years fill the ism, and Communism in Asia. By Round Table Press. New York. volume. Judson's first wife died William Paton. 224 pp. $1.50. 1937. after fourteen years in Burma Chicago, Willett Clark and Co. and he later married Sarah 1937. There is no more fascinating Boardman. After a few years she too entered into rest and This is a very timely book. or more stimulating reading Judson married a third time. Mr. Paton is a secretary of the The dangers and the difficulties International Missionary Coun- than good missionary biog- overcom~ in pioneer mission cil. Last year he made a trip work for Christ present a very which took him through the Far raphies. They contain stories different story from that of East, India, and the Near East. most modern missions. Those The letters which record his im- of adventure in new fields, sac- were the days of giants and of pressions are among the most heroes and heroines. informing documents of their rificial service, love and rokind that this reviewer has seen. mance, information about new The biographer is a graduate At the insistence of his friends, of Brown University and now Mr. Paton put the substance of peoples and strange lands and professor of missions in Berkthose letters into book form. eley Divinity School, California. Here, then, is a record of what customs, and the study of char- He naturally sympathizes with a thoughtful observer has seen acter development under many Judson's change to Baptist of present conditions in the adverse conditions and toward views, which was the immediate most populous parts of Asia. high ideals. The life of Adon- reason for the founding of the Mr. Paton's concerns are pri- iram Judson, pioneer mission- American Baptist Missionary marily missionary. He is, how- ary to Burma, is such a treas- Union. The biography is vivid ever, interested also in the set- ure house. He has furnished and sympathetic, revealing the ting in which missions must material for many biographies, way God works to build up His work. These chapters contain, histories and historical novels Kingdom "in spite of dungeon, therefore, pictures of trends in in the past eighty-five years. fire and sword." politics, economics, and thought This is a well written life his- tory, documented, with clear The Israel Promises and Their Fulwhich affect the life of the purpose and abundant human filment. By Samuel Hinds Wilkin- Church. interest. While not a spiritual son. 195 pp. 88. 6d. John Bale, interpretation, it is a sympa- Sons, and Danielson. London. 1936. The book does not end with a thetic record. travelogue. The author has What is the teaching of the properly added an interpreta- The subject is too well-known Bible regarding the future of tion. The second half of the to require extended comment. the Jews? The answer would book he terms "Reflections." Going out with his young bride, seem to be simple enough. It is Mr. Paton states what he be- in 1812, as one of the first in fact far otherwise. There are lieves to be the Christian mes- American foreign missionaries, in general two main views held sage. He discusses the relation he found they were not wanted by Christians. One follows the of Church, community, and state by the British East India Com- Jewish interpretation of the in the Far East. He describes pany that controlled foreign re- ancient prophecies concerning the present condition of the lations with India. Moreover, Israel that there will be a recon..; younger churches as he has seen Judson and his wife decided stitution of the Jewish nation in them. He also gives space to that they could not work as Con- Palestine under the Messiah the relation of the Church to the gregational missionaries but when the Jews will reach the changing social order. Mr. must work as Baptists. This highest pinnacle of earthly do- Paton is always soundly evan- cut them off from home support minion and glory. Some Chrisgelical and always sees below for a time. Forbidden to work tians maintain that this will be the surface to the significance in India, after they had come realized at the second coming of of the transient scene. 12,000 miles and were five months away from home, finally K. S. LATOURETTE. after trying Mauritius and Pen- ang, the J udsons found a "crazy old vessel" to take them to Ran- goon. The trials, horrors, hero- ism, joys and sorrows, priva- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the Rl!VIIlW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 397]

Christ. The other view holds that have taken place. Arabia, terest. Dr. Corey is one of the Syria and Palestine, Egypt and recognized leaders of the foreign that the old covenant was abol- Africa, Turkey, Iran, India and m iss ion a r y enterprise, and the Farther East are then con- writes out of long and rich exished by Christ and under the sidered specifically in illumi- perience, first as secretary and nating chapters. While Islam is now as president of the. United new covenant the Church is the still considered an almost impos- Christian Missionary Society of sible field for Christian advance, the Disciples of Christ. His legitimate heir of the promises this book gives an encouraging knowledge of missions is wide record of the progress made. and accurate. He shows the made to Israel. Instead of an The Moslem attitude to Christ is wider range of world missions, changing but Mohammed's fol- "beyond statistics." His clarity earthly dominion and glory, the lowers are becoming more ma- of literary style, wealth of facts terialistic. The weakness and and illustrations, and cogency Church has come into possession strength of Islam are clearly of argument make delightful shown. The absolute necessity reading. So good a book should of a spiritual Zion and a richer of life through Christ might be have an index. more positively stressed. Mosspiritual inheritance. lems who become Christians ARTHUR J. BROWN. know that there is no hope in One of the ablest exponents of Mohammed. The Young Moslem Looks at Life. By Murray T. Titus. 8vo. 181 pp. the latter view is Philip Mauro, Christ and the W orId Today. By $1.00, cloth; 60 cents, paper. Wm. E. Doughty. 12mo. 126 pp. Friendship Press. New York. 1937. whose volume, "The Hope of Methodist Book Concern. New York. 1937. Moslems are an interesting Israel: What Is It?" has had a people. They follow one of the Dr. Doughty was for some most positive religious systems wide circulation and a potent in- time a secretary of the Laymen's in the world and are exceedingly Missionary Movement and later missionary-minded. Many Mosfluence. It is because of this in- of the Near East Relief. He is lem youth are wide-awake and a man of missionary vision and are in training for leadership. fluence that Samuel Wilkinson a clear and convincing speaker In the first chapter of this study and writer. This little volume book for young people in Amerhas written his book to counter- describes the "New Age" in ica, the author introduces Mo- which we live – with its good hammed Bey, a young Moslem act its effect which he regards and evil; "The Changing World" of Kashgar, who desires to see that offers a challenge to Chris- the world by making a pilas harmful and misleading. tians; the "New Destiny" that grimage to Mecca. The book is faced by the Church and the describes his experiences and As director of the Mildmay various nations and races; the reactions and shows that while "World Mission" of Japan, India his eyes were opened to many Mission to the Jews, of London, and other lands; "America in weaknesses in Moslems, his ex- the New Age" and its vast op- perience at Mecca overwhelmed Mr. Wilkinson brings to bear on portunity; the "New World So- him with Islam's greatness. ciety" seen as the Kingdom of the problem a deep interest in God and "Christ's Summons" to Dr. Titus then goes on to show a new departure, calling for a clearly the main facts about Mothe Jewish people and the re- new crusade. hammed and his religion, the practiC'es of Islam and the results of a life-long study of the It is a book of facts, carefully sults seen in the family, in poli- selected and interpreted to show tics and religion. He closes with Scriptures concerning the m. the author's views as to why and a Moslem view of Christianity how the world should be made and Islam's challenge to the He undertakes to establish on over to conform to the spirit and world. Young people will do purpose of Christ. The facts well to read it. They will then impregnable foundations the in- are impressive but we believe have deeper appreciation of that the Bible leads us to expect Christ and Christianity. violability of the promises con- the complete fulfilment of Christ's purposes only when lie What Is the Moslem World? By cerning Israel and the certainty returns to reign. Charles R. Watson. 8vo. 207 pp. $1.00, cloth; 60 cents, paplr. of their plenary fulfilment. His Beyond Statistics. By Stephen J. Friendship Press. New York. 1937. Corey. 188 pp. $1.00. Bethany book is a very valuable contri- Press. St. Louis. Mo. 1937. Few men know the Near East Moslem world better than Dr. bution to the study of the sub- Here is one of the best of re- Watson. He was born in Egypt cent missionary books, small in of missionary parents and has ject, but we wish that its mes- size, but large in value and in- been a missionary there for twenty years. In this adult missage had been less controversial and less limited in its scope by the arguments which he seeks to meet. These books by Philip Mauro and Samuel Wilkinson are keen and interesting ex- amples of diverse Biblical inter- pretation. J. S. CONNING.

Mecca and Beyond. By Edward M. Dodd and Rose Wilson Dodd. IlIus. 12mo. 222 pp. $1.00, cloth; 50 cents, paper. Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions. Boston. 1937.

Mecca, the "Forbidden City" to Christians, is a name to conjure with for Moslems. Dr. and Mrs. Dodd have both lived among followers of Mohammed in the Near East and have been in touch with them ever since they left Persia (Iran). This popular and well-written study book is good reading for it deals, not with abstract, but with concrete facts and incidents. First the authors view "the Moslem and his world" as a whole and show the remarkable changes

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

sion study book he has given the the churches and missions are well told, always attract children main facts about the lands and included, with 2,298 mission- and at the same time educate peoples where Islam holds sway. aries. The information is un- them and develop their human He points out many peculiarities avoidably and unfortunately in- sympathies. A child naturally of the Moslems and the "grip- complete. has no racial prej udices and can ping power of Islam." He also Bust., Until Seventy Times Seven. By be deeply interested in the way May Wyburn. Illus. 12mo. 192 presents the main facts as to the children of other lands live and contact of Christians with Mos- pp. $1.25. Loizeaux Bros. New talk, work and play. Here, by lems. Where Dr. Watson fails, York. 1936. means of captivating pictures we think, is in dealing with the The Water Street Mission, on every page, with attractive New York City, has long been verses and stories, the reader is weakness of Islam, its increased introduced to children from antagonism to Christ as known known as a place where modern Greenland, China, Japan, India, to Christians, and its supreme miracles are wrought. The story Africa, the Philippines and from of lives and natures transformed Palestine. Here are friendly, need for the Gospel. In looking and regenerated there have a attractive stories for very young to the future he calls on Chris- perpetual thrill and will never children, suitable for use in the grow old. Here the widow of home and Sunday school, as well tians to make better use of their as by teachers of young children resources, to understand the the former superintendent, a in day school. true man of God, gives some of task and its difficulties, to use these wonder tales of city mis- Kill or Cure. By Muriel Lester. 135 more strategy with a united ap- sion work, under the subtitle of pp. $1.00. Gokesbury Press. Nashproach to the problem. Mission- three Biblical names of three ville, Tennessee. 1937. aries to Moslems know that un- superintendents – J ere m i a h failing faith and prayer and lov- This is an avowedly "peace (McAuley), Samuel (Hadley) tract," by the woman who has ing sacrifice are required, but and John (Wyburn). These men been called "the Jane Addams" that the fruit must come from of England and who had become the Spirit of God opening blind are worth knowing and the eyes and bringing new life to dead souls. stories of their lives and the In the Jungles of New Guinea. By harvest that resulted from their internationally known not only Missionary R. Hanselmann. lllus. seed-sowing and watering fur- for her remarkable Christian Pamphlet. Lutheran Book Concern. nish good illustrations for ser- Columbus, Ohio. mons as well as excellent read- service in the tenement district ing. Here is a place where men New Guinea is still unknown were truly converted. They of London but for her eloquent to most Americans, in spite of knew it and others knew it by the fact that it is an immense the way their light shone before advocacy of world peace. In island and has great wealth and men and glorified God. Read interest for explorers, anthro- these "wonder tales" and pass this little book she convincingly pologists, scientists, exploiters them on to others as a witness and especially for missionary- of the redemptive power of shows the utter futility of war minded Christians. Christ. and the urgent need of develop- Mr. Hanselmann, a Lutheran Just Like You Stories. For Boys and missionary in the Mandated Ter- Girls. By Mrs. Henry W. Peabody. ing attitudes and methods for ritory, gives here his impres- Illus. 186 pp. $1.50. M. H. Leavis. sions of the flora, the fauna and Boston,. Mass. 1937. preventing it. Some readers the natives. A little is told about his experiences with them Eyegate is one of the most ef- may feel that she carries her and the effective work of the fective means of entrance into Lutherans. the mind and heart and soul. pacifism to extremes, but they will respect her sincerity. Dr.

Stanley Hunter adds an inter- esting biographical sketch of the author. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

About the Old Faith. By Henry W.

Frost. 12mo. 128 pp. $1.25.

Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1937.

The Evangelical Handbook of Latin Wise guidance in a child's read- In these days of new man- America. Paper. Quarto. 119 pp. ing is therefore one of the most made cults and of militant un- 48. Committee on Cooperation in belief there is need for short, Latin America, New York and the important avenues of learning. clear studies in revealed truth. World Dominion Press, London. And yet multitudes of children 1937. today, even in Christian homes, Those who are experimenting in With excellent maps, statisti- are having their tastes vitiated, new creeds need to avoid the cal tables, general information, their standards lowered, and toadstool variety of philosophy and directory of missionaries in their future endangered by the that carries death. each of the Latin American silly, distorted and often degrad- For half a century Dr. Frost countries, this volume gives val- ing reading they find in news- has tested the brand of faith uable up-to-date information. papers and books. Dr. May which he presents here in simple Everyone interested in the Lazar, research assistant of the outline. It has, m 0 reo v e r, progress of missions in these Board of Education, New York proved its value for two thoutwenty-one countries (including City, warns against many fairy- sand years and continues to islands in the West Indies) tales and "series books" that bring life and strength today to should have this Handbook for distort their ideas about life. those who follow it. Here is an study and reference. Most of True stories of children, when elementary volume for students,

rather than an advanced treatise Immensity. God's Greatness Seen in With Christ in Africa. By Rev. D. A. Creation. By Clarence H. Benson. McDonald. Illus. 158 pp. 28. 6d. on the Christian faith. Dr. Frost Illus. 8vo. 140 pp. $1.50. The Marshall, Morgan & Scott, Ltd., bases everything on the Bible, Scripture Press. Chicago. 1937. London, Edinburgh. Obtainable in though in many cases the refer- America from Zondervan Publishences are lacking. His general The wonders of God's uni- ing House, Grand Rapids, Michigan. verse can be grasped only faintly $1.00. 1937. topics are: The Godhead, Christ, Man, Sin, The Scriptures, Fun- -its magnificence, its order, its "The persons who say, 'Let design, its harmony in immen- the Africans alone; they are damental Doctrines, The Church, sity and in minuteness. There quite happy,' have never lived Christian Experience, Christian is fine opportunity for unending close to African life." For Privileges, Christian Services, forty years (1892-1931), Rev. Vital Topics, The Unseen World, study for it is a study of the D. A. McDonald lived among the works of God. Mr. Benson here people of South Africa, daily Prophecy and the Final State. gives glimpses of the wonders adding to his evidence that "The For most purposes the studies of astronomy and the lessons we dark places of the earth are full learn as to God's character and of the habitations of cruelty." are too analytical. There is no purpose. The author is director The story of his life and work argument but rather a series of among the peoples of Kafraria numbered statements to set forth of Christian Education Courses and North East Transvaal rethe author's interpretations of in Moody Bible Institute, Chi- veals a genuine understanding and appreciation of the Zulus the Bible teaching. There are cago, and is author of "The and Vendas among whom he almost no extra Biblical illustra- Earth, the Theater of the Uni- faithfully and victoriously contions or examples of the way verse" and other volumes. Here ducted his business of "life- is a book that makes infidelity changing." these truths work out in life. impossible to an honest, intel- Young people who wish to know From the point of general in- ligent thinker. It is also fasci- terest the effectiveness of the what the Word of God says will nating reading and furnishes an book is somewhat hampered by find Dr. Frost's studies illumi- immense amount of material for nating. Missionaries will also sermons. Every chapter is linked up to Bible passages and find them of real value to clarify the closing chapter is on the their own thinking and as a text- book for use with converts.

Except Ye Repent. By Harry A. "Star of Bethlehem" – not yet a too exact emphasis on the Ironside. 8vo. 191 pp. $1.50. clearly identified. names of obscure places and American Tract Society. New York. people. But the genuineness, the 1937. Pioneering in Kwangsi. By W. H. Oldfield. Illus. 8vo. 208 pp. whimsical naIvete and the splen- The number of strong and Christian Publications, Inc. Har- did Christian vitality of the man convincing evangelical preach- risburg, Pa. 1936. make his narrative a real testi- ers seems to be diminishing Kwangsi is one of the larger mony to the joy of courageous rather than increasing, so that and generally unevangelized Christian living.

volumes of sermons, like this, provinces in southwest China. FLORENCE LERRIGO.

are prizes worth having. Dr. Here The Christian and Mission- Ironsides, pastor of the Moody ary Alliance has done and is do- Cross of Christ. By George P. Pier- Memorial Church, Chicago, is a ing a remarkable work among son, D.D. $1.50. 173 pp. Amer- ican Tract Society. New York. powerful evangelical and pop- Chinese and aboriginal tribes. 1937. ular preacher and a clear ex- The courage, sacrifice, and perpositor. This series of sermons severence of these missionaries This timely little volume is , on Repentance won the $1,000 have produced some remarkable well worth a young Christian's prize offered by the American results. (See the article by Rev. examination and p ray e r f u I Tract Society. They are worth A. C. Snead in this issue of THE study. Dr. Pierson, for forty years a missionary in Japan, it – short, evangelical, Biblical, REVIEW.) practical, arresting, adapted for The Rev. W. H. Oldfield, one places the Cross where it should present-day needs. This series of the pioneers, describes vividly be, at the center, and he focuses takes up the meaning of repent- the land and people, the material the divine light of God's Word ance, Christ's call to repent, the progress in recent years and the upon it from all angles-"from teaching of various apostles and work of the Alliance in its vari- above, from the background, Biblical writers on the subject ous stations and outstations. It from its very self, from either and the results of preaching re- is a story of faith, of courage, of side, from the foreground, from pentance today. Ministers and adventure and of achievement. below, and from the ensuing missionaries will do well to study There are still millions who are centuries." In doing so he brings this volume carefully and to unevangelized and one can travel forward the essentials of the preach on the same subject hundreds of miles without see- Christian faith that need emoften. It is too much neglected ing a Christian chapel. Some phasis and restatement at the and too superficially treated. of the best work is being done present hour.

"Except ye repent, ye shall all by Chinese Gospel Bands that Dr. Pierson is well qualified likewise perish," are the words are trained and then go out to for this work not only from a of Christ to religious leaders of evangelize their fellow country- scholastic standpoint but also His day. men. from personal experience. After

from Princeton Uni- The Deeper Life. Max I. Reich. 115 of this Course

versity and S e min a r y, he pp. $1.00. Wm. B. Eerdmans. Young People's Society may preached these truths in Japan Grand Rapids, Mich. , converted into a School for and America. A. H. P'ERPE1'UO. Bible Training. Four Point Project Program. Based New Book. on Missionary Heroes Course No.1. 1936 STUDIES IN CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE Theodore L. Conklin. 30 pp. Board But, Until Seventy Times Seven. S. of Education, American Baptist Four Parts-52 Lessons. Part I, The Bible-The May Wyburn. 192 pp. $1.25. Asso. New York. God of the Bible. Part II, The Christ of the Bible Loizeaux Bros. New York. -The Holy Spirit. Part III, Man-Sin and Redemp- God's Methods for Holy Living. tion. Part IV. The Church-Future Events. Christ and the World Today. Wm. Donald Grey Barnhouse. 93 pp. E. Doughty. 126 pp. Methodist 50 cents. Revelation. Philadelphia. Send 15c in stamps for current issue. Book Concern. New York. The History of Sin. Happy Though HRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS.IN(; My Servant Moses. E. Ray Cameron. Poor. History of Temptation. Men 187 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. Whom God Struck Dead. The 1502 N. Third St., Hlrrisburg, PI. Marks of, Sonship. When Winter Then and Now in Kenya Colony. Comes. Donald Grey Barnhouse. Bishop Lauress J. Birney, retired, Willis R. Hotchkiss. 160 pp. $1.50. 16 page leaflets. 10 cents each. of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Revell. New York. Revelation. Philadelphia. died in Pasadena, California, on May 10 at the age of 65. He was born in James Hudson Taylor. James J. Living in the Ministry of Song. Tom Dennison, Ohio, and after graduation Ellis. 96 pp. 18. Pickering & Jones. 180 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering from Boston University School of Inglis. London. & Inglis. London. Theology, served several pastorates. He was elected Dean of Boston Uni- Pioneering in Kwangsi. W. H. Old- Obituary Notes versity in 1911 and in 1920 was ele- field. 208 pp. Christian Publica- vated to the Bishopric, with China as tions. Harrisburg, Pa. (Concluded from page 337.) his special mission field. Mr. Frederic F. Helmer, editorIal Christendom and Islam. Their Con- secretary for North America for the tacts and Cultures Down the Cen- China Inland Mission, died in Toronto, turies. W. Wilson Cash. 205 pp. Canada, March 19. Mr. Helmer had $2.00. Harpers. New York. filled various positions in the C. I. M., among others Publication and Prayer Church Unity. F. H. Knubel. 86 pp. Union Secretary. He remodeled 75 cents. United Lutheran Pub. China's Millions and founded Young House. Philadelphia.· China.

OBJEOTIVES AND PRINOIPLES FOR YOUTH We earnestly commend the following personal and social objectives for. the enlistment of youth: .

I surrender my life to Jesus Christ and His way of living and I enlist in His service.

I believe that it is the purpose of God to make Christ known in all the world so that all human relationships will be controlled by God's law of love. I propose to live, so far as He enables me, as if His Kingdom were now recognized.

I will faithfully observe a "quiet time" each day for meditation and prayer and the study of God's Word.

I will regard my lifework as my share in extending God's Kingdom. I will choose my life- work in accordance with what I can discover to be God's will, and not for personal selfish gain. I will practice restraint and self-denial in all my personal nabits.

I will keep my friendships on a high level, not conforming to lower standards of the world, but helping to lift the standards of my group to the best that I know, as God has revealed His way of life.

I will serve Christ through the Christian Church, doing all that I can to make it the effec- tive instrument that it must be if God's world is to be truly Christian.

I will oppose the war system as murderous and selfish, and will work ceaselessly for the establishment of peace based on righteousness and love.

I will refrain from the use of alcoholic liquors, and will work to rid the world of the degrading liquor traffic.

I will treat those of all races as my brothers and sisters made in the spiritual image of God.

I will give myself to the creation of better economic and social conditions wherein every member of society shall have opportunity to earn a livelIhood for himself and those dependent upon him and wherein every member of society shall have sufficient to meet his economic needs.

I will use my leisure time only for such recreation as is wholesome and will enrich and uplift personality, and will refrain from amusements which injure or degrade myself or others.

I will give of my time, as far as possible, to working for the building of a Christian world -in personal work, public speaking, writing, and circulating literature, and in every possible way evangelizing for Christ.

I will give sacrificially of my earnings and other possessions to support the enterprises which are working to build a Christian world.

I will conscientiously seek to obey the Will of God as revealed in His written Word and will put Him first in all things-that Christ may have the preeminence. -Adapted from "The Evangelical-Messenger."

THE SPECIAL uMOSLEM NUMBER"

OF THE MISSIONARY ~'WORID This October Issue will contain articles on CHRIST AND THE MOSLEM WORLD Why Take Christ to Moslems? Samuel M. Zwemer The Gospel for Mohammedans W. Wilson Cash Present.day Trends in Islam Edward C. Dodd Moslem Reactions to Christ • James Haldane My Experience with Moslems Frank C. Laubach Christ and Moslem Homes . Eleanor Calverley What Christ Has Done for Me • S. Khoobyar A Sermon by a Former Moslem Saee'd Kurdistani and others—with maps and illustrations ORDER COPIES IN ADVANCE FOR YOURSELF AND MISSION STUDY CLASSES 25 cents a copy $20 a hundred $2.50 a year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streel:s, Harrisburg, Pa.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor READ THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER Patience (Editorial) George Swan The Arabic Version of the Bible Paul Erdman The Bible and Moslems • J. Christy Wilson The Bible in the Balkans • James Oscar Boyd The Koran as Magic Bess Allen Donaldson Moslem Chronology in China Isaac Mason Shi'a Standards of Hyderabad • • Kate Greenfield A Statistical Survey Carlo Gasbarri Why Not Canonize Mohammed? Mounir R. Sa'adeh Egypt Tastes Independence Pierre Crabites Book Reviews ••• Current Topics••• Survey of Periodicals __-+)0 SUBSCRIBE NOW ~~-._ 50 Cents a Copy. $2.00 a Year (postpaid) In combination with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City $3.50 a Year. (Foreign Postage, 50 Cents.) British Agents: MARSHA!.!., MORGAN & SCOTT, 12 Paternoster Buildings, !.ondon, E. C. Price in Great Britain, Eight Shillings a Year, net

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1918

Progress of Korean

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ I I ~:!~:.s,,~o~~~~~~ =§ i=-:==::: For Use in Church Calendars and Missionary Meetings. =-E;=: :: (Selected from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE 'WORLD for September.) ;: –:: 1. The Christian natives of the islands of Aniwa in the New Hebrides which was –;: Dr. John G. Paton's special field, not only pay the salaries of all their teachers :: but contribute regularly for the mission hospitals and other obi ects outside the :: .:: islands. (See page 651.) :–: –:: 2. The heathen population of the New Hebrides is steadily decreasing; the Christian population is actually increasing in many places. The death rate decreases with :: :: the advance of Christianity in any section. (See page 651.) :: :: 3. The John D. Wells School in Seoul is one of the missionary institutions giving to :: their students valuable training in Korean industries and at the same time assist- -:: ing the boys in the expenses of their education. (See page 675.) -:: :: 4. Paraguay, a country nearly as large as Spain, and with a percentage of illiteracy :: –=:: of over sixty. is practically without any organized missionary work. It deserves to be called "the neglected land of the Neglected Continent." (See page 681.) -=-:: :: 5. With every Oriental woman student in America the Young Women's Christian Asso- :: :: ciation maintains friendly relations, through visits from a special secretary, invi- :: :: tations to summer conferences, and in other ways. (See page 695.) –:: -is 6. In the twelve cities in China where Sherwood Eddy recently held his remarkable series of meetings, large bodies of Chinese Christians had been prepared to do :: -:: personal work, and the selected non-Christians who were brought to the meetings :: and there signed decision cards are now being trained in Bible classes for church :: :: membership. (See page 671.) :: §:: :: ~ 5 i: 7. Churches representing ten different Presbyterian bodies at work in China have § ~~i~isdh t~n~t~~~~ic~~e goe~:;:ia~~~~lb~s:i;nsC~i;ea, t~n~ak:P~h~i~t~l~ce: ~g~ ~ § -:: organization. –:: 8. One of the most remarkable instances of Christian internationalism which the war :: :: S:: has produced is the sending of a deputation to the Allied Armies at various :: § points in Europe by the Young Men's Christian Association of Japan. =:: .= 9. The present King of Siam is disregarding the guarantees of religious liberty estab- =:: lished by the late King, his father, and in many ways is promoting Buddhism. In :: both Siam and Ceylon Buddhism is now being emphasized as the national, and :: -:: Christianity as a foreign, religion. -:: =§- =is 10. About 400 camp pastors, representing the leading Protestant denominat!ons and serving in the various training camps throughout the country, are rendenng va.Ju- :: able service in connecting the men in camps with the churches in the surroundmg –:: communities. –:: :: 11. Though the total membership of the Christian Church of all branches in Japan is :: :: only about 300,~half of them being Protestants-a Japanese educator has ex- :: :: -=:: pressed the opinion that there are in all Japan 1,000,000 people who follow –=:=: Christ in their hearts. -= :: 12. The Salvation Army in Germany and Austria has been wil?ed out by an or?er. of :: the Kaiser, all the real estate and other property belon~m~ to the or~alll~ation :: :: =-=:: -==:: having been confiscated months ago. Over 100,000 SalvatlOllIsts are fighting In the Allied armies.

5111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111"" 1I11111111111r.: • HAWAI I • ~ I ~ It'~PHZ ll:", "", U The e w rE a Women in Asia A MAP OF THE CONTENTS <t) for ~o OUR VIEW OF THE WOJU,.D IN THLS NUMBER e.·(ff.~'Wh"'~ =>."'C""" _'~2.'…•• LEADINC .urna.u AND EDITOIUALS 0.. I AU INDICATED av TTTlLS in China's Crisis THE "UIlBElt OF ptEWS I'TEMS AUST~rAI'" ON EACH COUN11tY IS lHDlCATED 1- . Z!:AL,a.NQ ay AaAJIC MUMDlALS 1530 The New Hebrides Since John G. Paton

W. T. GUNN ITINERATING IN THE NEW

The missionary and his helpers are passing a very dangerous mountain path

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. September, 1918 NUMBER NINE XLI.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE NEW ERA FOR WOMEN IN ASIA T HE emancipation of women in the Orient is progressing rapidly. From being the slave or the plaything of man, kept in seclusion and in ignorance in many lands, woman is throwing aside the veil, is coming out of the zenana, is entering school and college, and is taking her part in civic life. The Christian missionaries are directly responsible for this awakening. They first inspired and directed it. Today there are colleges, as well as schools, for women in India, in China, and now in Japan. These are being mothered by the Christian women in America and are destined to playa large part in the development of Asia.

The "roman's Christian College was opened in Tokyo, Jap;:tn, last April, and was marked by impressive exercises. Before the hour set, all space reserved for friends and visitors was packed, and only the central section of the hall was left vacant for the student body. "A thrill went through the audience," writes Rev. A. K. Reischauer, "when, accompanied by music, the first class admitted to this new institution came in double file and took their assigned places. To many, who during the past seven or eight years had prayed and worked for the establishment of this college, this seemed like an epochal event, for the bright and earnest faces of these 84 young women looked like the dawn of a new era in Japanese life and civilization."

President Nitobe, who read the Imperial Rescript on Education, afterward made the main address of the day. He pointed out the great need of an institution of this sort which intends to place such great stress upon an education that develops in the student broad sympathies and real strength of character. He showed how Japanese education is lacking in these fundamental qualities and outlined the grade and scope of the work which the college is undertaking.

It is already becoming clear that the new institution will naturally draw very heavily from the best families in all parts of the land who want to give their daughters the advantages of a higher education, but who are anxious to have them in the safe atmosphere of a Christian college while they are away from home.

The college begins with 84 students, all enrolled in the preparatory year. Students from Girls' High Schools who applied for admission,.

were found to be not as uniform in their educational qualifications as they should be, so that one task of the college will be to equalize things as much as possible. The courses are the following: Liberal Arts, Japanese Language and Literature, English Language and Literature, and Business, including Social Service. After the school gets into permanent quarters it is expected that several other courses will be added, especially courses in Household Science, P~re Science, and Kin- dergarten Training. .

The Japanese feel that what America and Canada have done in establishing this new institution is a real challenge which calls them to help support the movement. It is hoped that the permanent site for'

the school will be given by them, and as the school grows in influence it ought not be difficult to have it financed more and more by Japanese donors. A college of this nature will be a tremendous factor in bringing in the new era of woman, the era of Ohristian womanhood, dominated by a spirit of service and sacrifice.

THE SOCIA'L PROGRESS OF KOREAN WOMEN SOCIAL problems are presented by the modernization of women in the Orient. In Ohosen even ten years ago the women, while not enslaved or entirely secluded, were domestic and separate from men. They kept much at home and when on the street wore picturesque green silk coats over their heads. In the Christian churches a partition separated them from the men and only Christian girls received any education.

With the coming of the Japanese, a great change has taken place. Japanese women in Seoul number over 32,000. Women have acquired new legal rights in the courts, including ownership of property and permitting divorce; they walk freely in the streets with uncovered heads; they mingle with men in the streets, trains, shops and theaters. Many churches now do not have a partition and some have mixed choirs. There is a spirit of freedom in the air which too often develops into license. Women are seeking an education and are entering into business and public life. One sphere which they have entered to great advantage is that of medicine and nursing. Many have been graduated as trained nurses and recently three fully qualified Korean women physicians were graduated in Seoul.

These changes in the social status and public life of women have

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

created problems which the missionaries must help to solve. The gospel of Ohrist, while it brings liberty, also brings new life and higher ideals with power to direct the new found freedom. Women, under Ohristian directions are learning how to care for and train their children, how to care for the sick and how to inspire men to higher ideals and service. But the need is much greater than the opportunity. Every school and hospital, says Mrs. Appenzeller, in the Korea Mission Field} is turning women away and the church classes cannot care for the many who seek to know a better way of life. Not one Korean woman in ten has any help in adjusting her mind and her habits to these new conditions and opportunities.. Poverty is bringing new temptations to many and the new openings in the industrial world are very attractive. The tobacco factory is the largest in Seoul and employs several hundred women and little children many of whom work for seven cents a day. The tragic results of child labor are already evident in crooked bodies and spiritless movements. Women are also employed in government printing works, and in Imperial cotton and silk mills. Japanese women are further advanced than the Koreans and many are forewomen in factories, ticket sellers on railways, telephone operators and shop girls.

The Ohristians in the Orient, both foreign and native, should study the problems connected with this new entrance of women into public and industrial' life. The native churches may accomplish much by evincing an interest in toilers and in the application of Ohristian principles to their lives. Two foreign women are devoting their time to work among the Japanese working women. Ohristian social work should be conducted among industrial women in Korea if they are to be protected from evil and trained in the Ohristian life.

INTERNATIONAL OHRISTIAN FOROES I NTERDENOMINATIONAL co-operation is growing in America and Great Britain through the Federal Oouncil of Ohurches and other inter-church movements. International Ohristian co-operation has also been fostered by the 'World Missionary Oonference, the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations, the World's Society of Christian Endeavor and other organizations.

The war is bringing Christians together in unusual ways, as, for example, in sending a deputation to the Allied Forces in Europe from the Young Men's Christian Association of Japan. Ambassador Morris, speaking at a mass meeting in Tokyo, said: "The Japanese Y. M. C. A. Deputation to the European front is almost as significant as the first mission sent to the West by the Tokugawa Government over fifty'years ago. By that mission Ja:pan signified her intention to end her isolation and join the western peoples in their forward march. Today, I believe this Deputation means that you are resolved to take your place along-

side the men of the West in standing for brotherhood and fair play and international law and righteousness."

CHUBCH UNION IN CHINA M ANY Chinese desire a national Christian Church, based on faith in Jesus Christ and without any emphasis on particular forms of government, worship or minor points of theology. A step was taken in this direction when on April 16th a Provisional General Assembly of the Presbyterian Ohurch in Ohina was organized in Nanking. One organic church was thus formed out of the churches pstablished by ten missionary bodies, namely, Presbyterian U. S. A., Presbyterian South, Dutch Reformed and German Beformed, from the United States; English, two Scotch and Irish Presbyterian from Great Britain; Canadian Presbyterian and New Zealand Presbyterian.

The Federal Council has also adopted resolutions favoPing union with the churches of the London Mission and the American Board, both Congregational bodies. Delegates from these churches were heartily welcomed by the Oouncil. There was some discussion of a creedal statement, but it was finally decided to continue as under the Federal Council, that is, each body working under its original symbols until the adoptIon of a statement by the regularly constituted Assembly.

The missionary spirit of the Ohinese Church is well illustrated in the adoption of the following resolution: "On the occasion of the formation of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Ohina, we yvould recognize the most important task before the Ohurch to be the wider propagation of the gospel to meet the tremendous needs of vast areas of unreached fields. 'Ve, therefore, as one of the first acts of this General Assembly, appoint a committee of five to define the functions and draw up a constitution for a board of home missions, and to present the same to the presbyteries at the next General Assembly for ra tification."

WAR-TIME MISSIONARY DE:fANDS THE' Director of one of the largest Bible training schools in the United States writes in The Sunday-School Times: "The mis- sion fields and the mission boards are calling as never before for men and women versed in the Scriptures and trained for the work of the mission fields. Recruits are wanted at once in large numbers to hold the lines of missionary advance steady while the battle for democracy is fought out in Europe. There is every indication that the cessation ~f hostilities will bring a greater eagerness of interest and a new receptivity of mind on. the part of the non-Christian nations. Unprecedented calls are being made on the Institute by European, Oanadian and American boards for men and women for the mission fields."

®EDITORIAL OOMMlENT:® s'i 'D, … )": ifirij. ·du-u ,U'UU

~ ttUiJ •• 'UVI" WU'"

UNIVERSAL RELIGIOUS LIBERTY.

BEFORE the war began, the problem of the meaning and extent of the principle of religious liberty was a living problem, with many elements of possible danger in it. It had developed interesting phases in Korea and Siam. In Korea the guarantee of liberty in the constitution of Japan was held to apply, but it was not given the same interpretation as in Japan. In Japan religions were allowed a freedom in the use of educational agencies denied to them in Korea. It was argued, however, that this was not an abridgment of religious freedom, as the limitations upon education in Korea were imposed on all forms of education by whomsoever conducted, and it was maintained by the Japanese government that religious belief and the propagation of religious belief, subject only to the police power of the State, were absolutely free.

In Siam there were no constitutional guarantees of religious liberty. There was and is indeed no constitution, nor any legislature to form one. The State is an absolute monarchy and the will of the King is law. The late King, however, the father of the present King, explicitly guaranteed to his people both in north and south Siam complete freedom of religion and laid on them no implication of disloyalty in case they embraced Christianity.

The present King renewed these assurances when as Crown Prince he visited America, and at the time of his accession· his Minister of Foreign Affairs, replying to a letter of congratulation addressed to the King by the foreign missionaries in Siam, wrote: "His Majesty desires me to express his sincere thanks for your good wishes and to assure you that, mindful of the excellent work performed by the American missionaries for the enlightenment of the people of this country, he will not fail to follow in the footsteps of his Royal predecessor in affording every encouragment to them in the pursuit of their praiseworthy task."

Already before the war there were signs that these gu~rantees were in danger. The King was reversing the policy of his father in many regardS. He decreed the substitution of the Buddhist era for the Gregorian which his father had adopted. In describing the moral instruction which is to be the basis of all teaching in the primary schools and which is to train the scholar "to be honest and truthful in all ways, to be able to appreciate his duty and responsibility to others, to be brave, but respectful and considerate; to understand his obligations to his parents, to his teachers, and to those in authority; to be patriotic, an~ to understand his duties to the state, not to be wasteful and extravagant, to be moderate, to be industrious, careful and diligent, that the

time spent in school be not wasted," the Ministry of Public Instruction specifies that "the subjects should be taught by instilling into the scholar the precepts of the Buddhist faith." In the public schools, in the poli,ce stations, in the army barracks, even by the keepers in public institutions like the insane asylum, there are regular Buddhist chants and prayers. The vow taken by the Wild Tigers, a sort of adult Boy Scout organization, contains a declaration of faith in Buddhism. In many powerful and pervasive institutional ways the King is pressing the Buddhist religion into the service of nationalism, not in impersonal, institutional ways alone, but by earnest and emphatic direct teaching. Both in speeches and in published articles he appeals to the people to realize that Buddhism is the national and ancestral religion, that the Siamese people should adhere to it steadfastly and practice it faithfully.

Absolute religious toleration and freedom has heretofore been a worthy boast of Siam. The imposition of religious tests as a condition of royal favor or of membership in the Wild Tigers or of holding office would make such a boast no longer possible, and would set Siam in the class of the small number of religiously intolerant states. Even in Turkey and Persia it has been possible for Christians to hold office and religious tests were abandoned in progressive states years ago. But in Siam a constraintwhich is in danger of becomingpersecution, hasalready fallen upon some Christians, and it is understood and openly stated in many places that the King is opposed to the acceptance of Christianity by his subjects, and that he desires instead to see his people zealous in the practice of Buddhism. The result is that men convinced of the truth of Christianity are influenced to dissemble, and that other men, unconvinced, or wholly indifferent with regard to Buddhism, are led to feign a faith which is insincere. Is this wise? Is it not certain to undermine the very sincerity of national character which the King desires to produce? Would it not be far better to set men's minds free, to bid them seek the truth everywhere, and having found it, freely to live by it? The King is earnest in bidding the people not to be led into false imitation of foreign ways. With equal earnestness he bids them unquestioningly to imitate their own past. Would he not do better to bid them to seek and to imitate what is true wherever it is found, to accept nothing because it is Siamese or foreign, but only because it is true, and to reject what they do reject only because it is false? He wants to make a free and honest nation. He can only do it out of free and honest men.

The war has raised these issues in new and unexpected forms. The state has come to a new self·assertion and is subordinating all other influences and agencies to its own ends. This was the deliberately adopted theory of Germany, and in the effort to overthrow the theory other states have come perilously near to adopting it. In the process religion has had to face the danger of being made subservient to what

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the state deemed its interest. Rome persecuted and sought to destroy Christianity, because it believed it to be at variance with the state interest. It knew nothing of the principles of religious liberty when the religion was one which it disapproved. If modern theories of. the state become dominant with which Christianity is at variance, can Christianity hope for a continuance of the principle of religious freedom?

This is no speculative inquiry. Already we are meeting with new interpretations of liberty which challenge the rights heretofore accorded to religion.. It is held that the Jewish nation disintegrated because of the conflict between the prophets and the kings, and because of the weakness of the kings in not silencing men who in the name of righteousness were really undermining the authority of the political power. Unless religion is willing to serve and support the State, some men are asking if it must not be bridled and held in check.

The missionary enterprise seems likely to have to face such questions in many lands. It has already been proposed in India that only state licensed missions should be allowed to operate and that preachers as well as doctors must be officially registered. The missions of some nationalities may be excluded altogether. The abrogation of the Capitulations in Turkey, though not recognized by the Allies, leaves other religions without any protection from Islam. There never was religious libert.y in Turkey, but some of the makeshifts which served as substitutes are gone wholly now with the Capitulations.

The very terms of the phrase "religious liberty" are no longer fixed. What is t.he "religion" which is to be allowed freedom? Is it to be merely the speculation of men about another life or about the origin and end of the universe, or is it. to be the body of moral ideals and sanctions which are to govern the present relations of men and nat.ions? "Religion can be free," some say, "as long as it does not concern itself with the affairs of t.he state, but if it interferes with the nation at war Ol' disturbs politics in peace it must. have bounds set for it." So religion is no longer free save as the state may define in what sense it may function as religion in life.

And the term "liberty" is not fixed. Does it mean freedom to believe, or freedom to propagate belief, or freedom both to believe and to propagrate belief and also to use any means of propagation its teachers may desire? That the state mayor must exercise some police functions is not disputed even in America, where religious liberty is genuinely real. In Japan and Korea this police supervision is quite minute, and it seems possible that it will be more so' in all lands after the war. How obstructive it may be will depend on the moral sentiment of the people toward the ethical fruitage of any religion which may be involved. A monogamist people will not allow, for the sake of their state, the propagation of a polygamous religion. It must be recognized that a polygamous people may have a similar policy toward a monogamous religion. It may be that the principle of reli- 648 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [September gious liberty allow;s too much to such an influence, but we need to see the matter from other standpoints than our own.

The whole problem is likely to be complicated still more by the relations of the state to education. Germany is what she is by reason of the education of the past generation. All nations see now what an engine of power education is,and if they do not seek to control it themselves they may still desire to limit it so that its effects will be compatible with state interests. Religion, and especially the Christian religion, has always depended upon schools and felt that the maintenance of schools was essential to its life. Will our conception of religious liberty abridge the edocational freedom of the Christian Church?

The world is facing many new problems and this is by no means one of the least. Is there any clear solution of it? Not by casuistry and subtle argumentation, but as a nation which believes in freedom we have a principle which will guide us. We know that democracy is imperfect, but we believe that the cure for the imperfection of democracy is more democracy, more responsibility laid on common men and the growth of common men in duty doing and in the knowledge of truth, that they may be fitted to bear more responsibility. And likewise the remedy for the evils of liberty is more liberty, provided it is liberty to know all the truth of God and of His world. If truth cannot prevail by its own power it cannot be made to prevail by any other power. The ending of the war and the principles of the new world order should include the recognition everywhere and in all nations of the right of full religious freedom–of freedom to believe and freedom to preach what we believe in accordance with the righteous mOI'al law of the universe.

PRAYING VERSUS PROFANITY?

I s it worth while to pray? This question admits of but one answer to those who believe in God as revealed in Jesus Christ. There is danger, however, lest many men and women, feeling the danger for themselves and their loved ones in the present crisis, shall attach some superstitious value to formal prayer without reference to the conditions on which we have a right to expect answers to prayer.

Last month we called attention to the daily public summons to prayer in Washington and other places. Now we read that in response to a request signed by every religious organization in the city, the Federation of Woman's Clubs, the Christian Associations, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Boy Scouts, the mayor of Oklahoma City has ordered that at nine o'clock each night the great siren of the Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company shall sound a signal for community prayer for the soldiers and for victory. It is urged that everyone engage in silent or audible prayer for a short time. This, and similar movements, are an indication of the trend of thought throughout the country. The people are awakening to the need of divine help in this crisis.

But while the people are calling on God in prayer at home, the almost universal custom of taking God's name in vain prevails in the Army and Navy. The testimony from everyone who has joined our fighting forces is that profanity and abscenity prevail. A .young man who attended a training camp last summer reports that the officer in charge of the bayonet drill urged the young men to profanity, saying: "Come on, boys, let me hear you swear. Give it to the Hun up to the hilt." No doubt the profanity is for the most part thoughtless, but it is profanity none the less and the God to whom men pray declares that He "will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain."

Thousands call on God at home for help while a million men, for whom we pray, profanely use His name in vain in the Army and Navy. Have British and Americans a right to expect that under these condi- tions their prayers will be answered by the God whose name is so blasphemed? It is time that a great crusade be started against pro- . fanity and abscenity among the men who are so bravely and unselfishly giving their lives to promote the cause of liberty and justice.

ATTENTION TO SOCIAL MORALITY M ORE attention has been given to the question of social morality during the present war than ever before—and there is need of it. War lets loose the human passions and ordinary restraints, and there is need that special study be made and special precautions taken against laxity and general license. The prohibition movement, and "zone') system around camps are preventive steps in the right direction, but much more is needed to educate men and women and to lead them to right ideals and right relations, to God and man.

Last June a "Social Morality Conference" was held at the headquarters of the National Board of Young Women's Associations in New York, when women physicians, teachers, deans of women and others officially connected with the Social Hygiene movement, assembled to discuss moral problems connected with the war. Lectures for women were begun several months ago under the direction of the War Work; Council of the Y. W. C. A., and Dr. Anna L. Brown has been continued by the government as the head of the lecture bureau which has now forty-five lecturers, all but two of whom are physicians. Seventy-five more are on call in case of need.

The patriotic appeal is strong, but it is not sufficient; scientific facts are a warning but not sufficient; the religious motive and obli~ gation to God form a better basis on which to build stronger character. There is, in fact, no hope for social morality apart from a right relationship to God and obedience to His laws. This includes a reverence for His name and acceptance of His Son.

NEW HEBRIDES HEATHEN ON SPIRITO SANTO

BY DR. W. T. GUNN, L.R.C.P., ANEITYUM, FUTUNA, NEW HEBRIDES T HF) New Hebrides Mission attained its greatest prosperity about fifteen years ago. The missionaries were then more numerous; the interest of the religious public was at its height and the outlook was brightest.

All the islands were occupied, the three in the Northeast being under the Anglican "Melanesian Mission."

About twenty of the smaller and middle islands were nominally Christian; there was a large Christian community in West Santo; the Gospel was spreading, and churches were being formed at other stations ,in Santo, and Malekula.

Five Presbyterian missionaries had just been added, and the staff, now numbering twenty-eight, besides three assistants, and one trained nurse, was the largest in its history. There were six medical missionaries.

A general mission hospital had for some years been open in Ambrim and there were smaller hospitals and dispensaries in other islands..

A Training Institution was beginning to send out trained teachers and those prepared by their own missionaries in the Christian islands numbered nearly 300.

Two native pastors were laboring faithfully in the southern islands of Aneityum and Futuna.

The Presbyterian church members numbered about 4,000 and from 13,000 to 16,000 were attending services.

Translations of scripture were printed in about 30 languages of the 50 in the group. These included the whole Bible in the language of Aneityum (pub- J,ished in 1880), the composite Efate-Nguna-Tongoan Bible was near completion and the New Testament, in one of the languages of Tanna, the language of Aniwa, and that of Erromanga was in the press.

But the majority of the natives of Ambrim and the two largest islands, Malekula and -Santo, were still in heathenism, and the difficult islands under the Melanesian Mission presented only a few outward signs of Christian progress.

The difficulties encountered by the Mission had reached a critical stage. They had been operating with increasing strength for years. The French were straining every effort to obtain the islands, and were supplying the natives with alcohol, fire-arms and ammunition, to induce them to part with their land. They were using iniquitous and cruel means (of which the British were sometimes guilty also) for obtaining native laborers, resulting in frequent murders of white and native recruiters. The British Deputy Commissioner, for three years in the islands, failed to bring about any improvement, for he had not been invested by the home authorities with powers to meet the necessities of the islands. Some better remedy was wanted.

In 1907, the Condominium was inaugurated at Vila, thenceforth the capital of the group, and friends of missions fondly hoped that the representatives of Britain and France would work amicably and effec-

tively together to ameliorate tIle condition of the native race, and check further abuses. They have done neither. Instead of that, many of those abuses became intensified and were practically legalized,for the laws against them were not sufficiently enforced. The different courts are too numerous, and British and French are tried on unequal terms.

Penalties are remitted, and fines rarely collected by the French, whereas penalties imposed on Brit· ish are carried out. Flagrant breaches of law have frequently been treated lightly by the French.

Illegal recruiting continues. AI· cohol is given in greater quantities than before. Christian natives and teachers have repeatedly beenar· rested and imprisoned for varying periods for no special crime, except that of expostulating against French methods. These and other grievances have been reported in great numbers; few have been rem· edied, and they still continue. Lim· ited space prevents my giving ex· amples, but these may be found in E. Jacomb's "New Hebrides and the Condominium," a pamphlet by Rev.

F'. L. Paton on the "Slave Trade in the New Hebrides," and in the chap· tel' on "Britain and France in the New Hebrides-the Condominium,"

in "The Gospel in Futuna" (1914), by the writer, and the "Appeal to the Churches," in the appendix- the recent literature on the New Hebrides.

Nevertheless, Christianity ad· vanced so far, that soon afterward the number of missionaries began to be reduced. For some time past one A NEW HEBRIDIDS IDOL missionary had been found suffi· cient to supply the spiritual needs of Aneityum and Futuna. In 1910, the three missionaries of Tanna were reduced to two. .

Two of the Presbyterian Churches, the Canadian and United Free Church of Scotland, announced their intention of withdrawing from the New Hebrides when their own missionaries would retire. Conse·

A HEATHRN FAMILY IN AMBRIM, NEW HEBRIDES

A Woman's but-about 4 feet, 6 In ches In beight·

quently in 1912, a rearrangment of stations was made. It was agreed that the New Zealand Church should increase her staff in Ambrim; the Victorian Church should send a clerical missionary to Vila, in addi- tion to the Medical Missionary in the Paton Memorial Hospital; and the New South Wales Church should take charge of West and South Santo. The John G. Paton Committee undertook the charge of Anei- tyum, Futuna and Erromanga, when the present missionaries would retire.

But within six months a great volcanic outburst blew up the whole mission station, occupied by Dr. Bowie, in Ambrim; and its site is now an arm of the sea, adjoined by appalling desolation. The building of a new hospital on another site has been postponed, and the island is meanwhile superintended by Mr. Frater of Paama. Two other sta· tions were vacated through ill health. The veteran missionaries of Fila and Erromanga died, and with the resignation of Dr. Annand, the third missionary under the Canadian Church, that church was no longer represented in the group, and retired from the New Hebrides. After,war was declared, three missionaries went to the front, thus vacating .the Medical Mission stations in Santo and Tanna; so that Santo is at present superintended by Revs. F. G. Bowie, and D. Paterson, the missionaries in the adjoining islands. Tanna, Erromanga and Aniwa are temporarily under one missionary, while Aneityum and "Futuna are under one of the missionaries who had retired, pending the arrival of a successor to take over these two islands along with Erromanga. Thus, the missionaries are now about nine fewer in number than in the record year of 1904. Their spheres of labor have been enlarged, bringing greater responsibilties on the missionaries and their teachers.

Such are some of the present conditions, but there are many signs of progress which we shall note as follows: MATERIAL PROGRESS.

In the early days, all buildings in the New Hebrides were made of island unsawn timber, with thatch roof. Those buildings, though perhaps picturesque, were badly lighted, the homes of insects, hard to keep tidy, were damp and unhealthy. Economy rendered their use necessary then. Houses are now built of weather·board, generally lined inside, with ceiled iron roofs, and both mission and trading stations are prominent objects in the landscape. The churches are furnished with deal seats, and friends of the mission have supplied communion vessels, lecterns and church bells.

Increase of trade has brought money to the natives, with which, in addition to the proceeds of arrowroot, they pay for their books and the materials for churches and schools The cost of the large church in Nguna, seated for 500, was entirely paid by natives and they also provided the labor required to erect it. A great part of the cost of the

A FUTUNA WOMAN AF'1lER SOME YCIDARS AS A

A CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN WEST TANNA, NEW HEBRIDES This is one of the best Christian churches in the islands equally large churches in Tanna was also defrayed by natives. The natives of Paama paid £1150 ($5,500) in three years for schools.

As another step towards self-support, they are cbntributing to the salaries of their teachers. In some islands the natives receive no outside help for this, and it will be interesting to note that Aniwa, the island of the late Dr. John G, Paton, is now self-supporting. Besides this, they are regularly contributing for the mission hospitals and for objects outside of the islands. Of their own accord and on theirown initiative, the natives of Tanna collected £100 for the widows and orphans of soldiers killed in this war; the Aneityumese, much fewer in number, gave £17, and other islands various sums. They have also made contributions in Malo, Fila and Aneityum, as mementoes of the work of their missionaries. 'l'he natives of East Tanna recently sent £40 to S. Australia, for the church of their own missionary.

The work of itinerating and visiting, instead of being performed by boat 01' on foot, is immensely facilitated by motor launches, now supplied to practically every missionary in the group. The inland natives have removed from sparsely peopled districts towards the coast, rendering the toilsome journeys of former days unnecessary. Many good paths have recently been made, some of them suitable for use by riders on horseback, and in two or three cases by horse conveyances.

Since the mission has been supplied with more· suitable houses and the climate is better understood, the health of missionaries has im-

THE NEW HEBRIDES SINCE JOHN G. PATON

A WJ'KK-D.U: CONGREGATION IN FUTUNA This is in strong contrast to the meetings in days of heathenism, when bloody wars and degrading feasts were common proved. Four missionaries lately retired after forty to forty-two years in the Mission; the Rev. P. Milne is in his forty-ninth year of service, and two missionaries are in the Mission after thirty-eight and thir·tyfour years respectively.

The Christian natives are healthier than the heathen, and there are fewer cases of consumption among them. Through the Me.dical Mission, lepers in Tanna, who brought the disease from Queensland and New Caledonia, have been segregated in the interior, where they produce their own food and are supplied with clothing by the Christians.

EDUOATIONAL AND SPIRITUAL PROGRESS.

The missionaries believe, as they they have always done, that the evangelization of the islands can be best attained by teaching and preaching the word of God. Consequently translation is keeping pace with teaching, and, in addition to those already named, translations of the New Testament and the Psalms in Nguna, an Old Testament History and most of the New Testament in Futuna, a Bible Treasury 01' Textbook in Aneityum, besides portions of Scripture in several other languages, are now in the hands of the natives. A translation of the "Child's Bible" in Tongoan, is in progress. The Rev. N. Mackenzie, of Korea, is giving part of his furlough to visit his former field at Nogugu to Santo, and translate portions of Scripture in the language spoken there.

The people value their books, and practice the precepts taught therein. Sudden conversions, though not unknown, are few, but their changea lives are proofs of the fruit of the Gospel. "It is sweet to suffer for Jesus," said a woman of Nogugu, who had been wounded by a musket shot, fired by a heathen. "I want to shake hands with the man who murdered my nephew," said a Christian Futunese, "and ask him to give up heathenism and help to spread the Gospel in Futuna." He lived to do so, and the one time murderer is a Christian teacher with many years of service behind him. The Christians are diligent, honest and immensely superior to the heathen mentally, morally and physically.

The great need of the Mission is educated teachers. This want is being supplied by the Training Institution. The standard required is rising, and the desire for higher education increasing. Valuable assistance is given in teaching by the missionaries' wives, and for some years recently their children have taught in the native language and in English. 'l'wo sons of the late Dr. Paton have been missionaries for a number of years, and also the Rev. Wm., a son of Rev. P. Milne.

In 1912, several missionaries made evangelistic tours through Epi and along the coast of Malekula with encouraging receptions from the people. Last year, Revs. M. Frater and J. B. Weir made a similar tour through Epi and Paama, then through all Ambrim. They took a complete census of Ambrim-the first made-and found the population to be 5,591, of whom 3,413 were heathen. As a result of the campaign, which occupied three months, forty natives were, after instructions, baptized. The teachers urged that their missionary, Dr. Bowie, should return or a missionary be settled in North Ambrim.

Through the medical work of the Mission the heathen are brought into contact with the Christians and the kindness shown them; and the Gospel taught them are bearing fruit. At the Paton Memorial Hospital, opened at Vila, in 1910, white and native patients are treated, and services for the white residents, as well as for natives, are conducted in the Paton Memorial Church.

The missionaries of the llelanesian Mission have prepared and printed at their own press, about 8 translations of Scripture for the islands of Oba, Maewo and Pentecost, occupied by them. The Church of Christ has withiil the last 7 or 8 years also sent missionaries to these islands. The Adventists have for four years occupied the difficult island of Achin, on the Northeast of Malekula, and they propose to extend their work to the mainland.

Two expeditions by British and French warships recently attempted to punish the heathen of North Malekula for outrages and murders of whites and native teachers, but the heathen, though they suffered severely from the second expedition, are still defiant.

The present war has hardly affected the mission work. A Futunese teacher said, "Perhaps this is the war we read about in Revelation." The sympathies of the natives are with Britain, and through Britain,

A NEW FJjEBRIDES CHRISTIAN PASTOR, HIS WIFE AND

Pastor Habena was thrown by his heathen mother into the bush to die. He was rescued by his father

with her Allies. They are horrified at the "frightfulness" of the Ger- mans. Such cruelties were unknown in the New Hebrides in the darkest days of heathenism.

Christianity has now spread over all the islands from the south up to Ambrim, except about perhaps one-third of Tanna. It is extend- ing in lIalekula, except in the north, which is wholly heathen. The majority are Chrh;tians in Malo, and perhaps a third of the natives of Santo.

THE FUTURE OF THE ISLANDS.

'What iR to be the future of the Islands? It mainly depends upon the Power to which the IRlands are ceded after the war. The Con- dominium is imposRible, and the group must belong either to Britain or to France. The decision will be of the highest importance to the Mis- sion and to the natives. French priests have had 'Det'Y few convertR. Homanislll has no attractions for New Hebrideans, and the celibacy of the priests dops not appeal to people among whom the unmarried state is a reproach. The French Reformed Church has done nothing for the people. If the islands are given to France there is enough vitality ill the religion of the native Christians to maintain itself even amid perse: cution, as the past has proved. But the people generally will lose heart and the heathen, through grog and cruel treatment, will disappear. I<jx- perience has proved that British missionaries, in spite of guarantees, can- not work successfully in French Colonies. A French judge under the . Condominium said a "Holy war should be waged against the mission- aries." If Britain annexes the group, the natives will be encouraged and stimulated. And, though grievances will not all disappear, though decrease of the population will not entirely cease, there is good reason to believe that under kindly British rule the Islands will in a few ypars become a prosperous Christian Colony.

Christianity is the great preserving power of the people. The heathen are "everywhere decreasing." The Christians are either "hold- ing their own," increasing, or decreasing more slowly. As long as Futuna was heathen, the population went steadily down. Since the Futunese accepted the Gospel, they increased in proportion to the 8trength of their Ohristianity.

The same applies to Tanna. The following figures, supplied by Rev. T. Macmillan of E. Tanna, show that with the advance of Chris- tianity the death rate decreases.

Members admitted from 1897-1907, 296. Died, 122, or 41 %.

Members admitted from 1907-1913, 290. Died, 66, or 21%. Members admitted from 1913-1917, 103. No deaths up to date.

"The fear of the Lord prolongeth days; but the years of the wicked shall be shortened." Proverbs 10.27.

or International Churches-Which?

TWO IDEALS PRESENTED BY TWO CHRISTIAN LEADERS WHO DISCUSS THE SUBJECT: SHALL WE CONTINUE TO PLANT AND PROPAGATE DE- NOMINATIONAL CHURCHES IN THE MISSION FIELD?

L A PLEA FOR UNITED NATIONAL CHRISTIAN CHURCHES BY THE REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS., Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions O NE should enter upon the consideration of this subject without prejudice and in the spirit of absolute fairness. 'Ve cannot escape the fact that present conditions demand the discussion of this question.

The movement among American Protestant denominations is towards a close unity and even amalgamation. The significant action taken at the last great Presbyterian Assembly, calling for closer union among all Protestant bodies, challenges the attention of all communions. The demands made upon the churches by the war have produced cooperative Ohristian action, both in America and across the sea, which would not have been thought possible a few years ago. The movement in the churches of America and even in the thinking of leaders both within and without the church, is away from denominationalism to a profession and practice of Ohristianity in which sectarianism shall be reduced to its lowest terms, if not completely eliminated.

:Many examples might be given to show this tendency towards an outward expression of the Ohristian faith, embodying ~othing of the historic controversies that have divided and weakened the Ohurch. The present and increasingly exacting demands of war conditions and neces- Rities call for the exercise of every element of strength and vitality possessed by the Ohurch. These demands will increase so long as the war continues and will become even more urgent after actual fighting terminates. These things compel the serious consideration of whether the Ohristian forces can operate most effectively as separate units, each – acting independently of all the others and often in wasteful expenditure of strength in un-Ohristian competition.

If in Ohristian America we are driven to the serious consideration of this subject, how much more important must it be for the mission fields. The war pressure is hardly less anywhere abroad than here, while in some areas it is even greater. Africa and Asia are seething with a new intellectual, social and national life that is pregnant with possibilities for good or evil beyond our present comprehension. Autocracy is rapidly giving way in Japan, Ohina, India, Russia and else-

where to a form of democracy in which the people themselves are claiming an increasing share in the selection of their rulers and in the making and execution of their laws. Unless these peoples are actuated by the ideals of justice, righteousness, fraternity and service as taught by Christ, the world will be in peril and Christianity itself may be overwhelmed by the triumph of cruel ambition and unrestrained anarchy in pursuance of devastating ideals. We are not consulted as to whether the East shall or shall not move out into an era of self-government; it is already moving with startling rapidity.

To meet this condition every available influence of Christianity must be thrown around the leaders in all these countries that the foundations of the coming new democracies be firmly laid in those principles of Christian truth wherein alone can safety be found for them and for the rest of the world. In order to achieve this the church must assemble all of its resources and dedicate them to the task. It can afford to waste not an ounce of strength or any fraction of its resources in promoting anything that is not vital to the achievement of the purpose for which our Lord sent His disciples forth to evangelize the nations.

We are compelled to ask if the promotion of different denominations of the church, each denomination bearing a distinctive name that to the people of the East has little or no significance, is a source of strength to the Christian movement abroad or is it a source of weakness?

In order to make the consideration of this subject more concrete, take China as one example of a great foreign mission field. Already there are in China 78 denominational missionary societies at work, and under their leadership 78 different kinds of Protestant churches have been created and are being perpetuated. To many of the Chinese this array represents 78 different kinds of Christians. Few indeed of the Chinese Christians have any conception of the real reason why they bear a name which to them has no significance and which none of them can accurately pronounce. As a rule, they have been taught that there is a vital difference between the denominations; that they are to associate intimately only with those denominationally like themselves; their children are to be reared and educated in the belief that their denomination is superior to all the others and they are to work for the extension only of the kind of Christianity which bears their name. Who will contend that this is the best and most effective way for the Christians, who number less than one-eighth of one percent of the present popUlation of China, most effectively to present the claims of Christianity to the remaining ninety-nine and seven-eighths percent of that mighty countl'y in order to win it for civilization and for Christ?

Will anyone contend that the great command of our Lord to go into all the world and preach His Gospel is rightly interpreted when we, in our denominational zeal, interpret it to read, "Go into all the

NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL CHURCHES-WHICH?

world and preach Presbyterianism to every creature," others, "Preach Baptism by immersion to every creature" ; others, "Preach Methodism" ; others, "Episcopalianism"; others, "Lutheranism"; others, "Congregationalism," and so on to the end of the catalogue. As if this were not enough, there follows a list of "Reformed" and "North" and "South" divisions.

Have these varied interpretations of the command of our Lord and their exportation to the various mission fields helped or hindered the effective presentation of Christ and His Gospel to the Chinese and the entire non-Christian world? We must not blame the early missionaries or their Boards. All did the best they knew as they followed the generai belief of the times in which they lived. The vital question is, are we justified in perpetuating a custom that is manifestly divisive, often destructively competitive, and for which there is no warrant in Scripture?

Do the churches that support missionary operations demand or even desire that we continue to put emphasis upon that which divides the church of Christ in mission lands? I do not believe the rank and file of our churches and the intelligent supporters of our foreign missionary enterprises, if they understood the facts, would favor our continuing to propagate divisions abroad in order that they may have the satisfaction of knowing that their gifts are aiding in making Christians who bear the same denominational label as that borne by the contributor.

Let us sum up some of the reasons why all branches of the Protestant Church should devote every energy and all resources to uniting in all mission fields to the end that there be created and perpetuated one undivided church of Jesus Christ.

1. Movements in this direction at home, especially in connection with Christian work in camps and among soldiers, are proving to be a source of great inspiration and strength. The work of the Young Men's Christian Association is an excellent illustration of the way the people of the United States are ready to back up and support non-sectarianism Christian work. There are many indications that the union of the foreign missionary work into churches without divisions, presenting a united front to the forces of evil, would command an equally enthusiastic backing and support.

2. The conduct of the war in France, for the first three years and more, when each one of the Allies acted separately under its own leaders, in co-operation but as independent units, shows the wastefulness and inefficiency of that line of action. This mistaken method of conducting a great military campaign has now been corrected by the most revolutionary military readjustment history records. If Governments

can bring about this unprecedented and even revolutionary change in order to overcome a common enemy, cannot the Church do as much in order to create a single agency for the spiritual conquest of the world?

3. A united church would remove all temptation from mission- aries and native leaders to wasteful un-Christian rivalry and would permit all of the available Christian forces in every country to organize in an unbroken body for pressing the claims of Christ upon the un- reached multitudes. .

4. The use of a common name for a single church would eliminate the existing confusion as to the meaning of the various denominations and give the impression that, after all, the followers of Jesus' Christ are undivided, thus giving a new· sense of unity and solidarity, and direct the attention of Christians in every country away from the differ- ences that separate to the one colossal task confronting the church.

5. The new comprehension of one church would convince all believers in all mission fields that they are a real part of the great church universal and not merely a part of one of its branches. In this way they would be brought into fraternal relations with the Christians of all lands and all communions through their religious papers, hymn books and all permanent and periodical literature. It would follow as a natural corollary that all denominational religious literature on mission fields would become Christian literature without denominational label. It would also give the native church every opportunity for adequate self-expression.

6. Co-operation in the creation and promotion of a single church of Christ abroad could not fail to become a source of supreme blessing and renewed spiritual life to the churches here at home. We would all be surprised to find how little beyond prejudic, tradition and accident there is which separates us and what vast areas of common faith and practice we already hold together. To begin to think and plan and act in terms of the Kingdom of God rather than in terms of a denomination, would open up mighty areas of spiritual possibilities of which few have ever dreamed.

7. A single church on the foreign field acting as a unit would more than double, probably more than quadruple, the vital aggressive spiritual and physical power of the church to win others, extend its influence into circles hitherto untouched and make it the irresistible force among the nations it was destined to be. Only thus can the church in the East reveal and exercise its supreme power as the undivided and unbroken body of Christ. Could we not expect and even claim a mighty outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon a church united in the name of the Christ?

NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL CHURCHES-WHICH?

There are many indications that the churches in mission lands are ready to begin such a union movement. The steps recently taken in China to unite all the various Presbyterian and Congregational churches into one organization show that the Ohristians of Ohina are feeling the necessity and importance of eradicating the denominational differ· ences that have hitherto separated. The movement has already been begun among the native churches in South India; These and other steps in the same direction, taken without direct promotion by the Mis· sion Boards or the home churches, suggest what might be achieved if the denominational organizations of America should urge and support the coming together and the organization into a single body of all churches in every mission field. The mission churches are becoming conscious of the unreasonableness and even waste of the present un- Ohristian divisions as well as the futility of attempting to win their respective countries for Ohrist with divided forces. Ohristians at home cannot escape a large responsibility in this matter. The churches and missions abroad may in time, without our backing, and even in spite of our refusal to sanction the step, bring about a large measure of union, but the delay will be wasteful and the consequent loss of strength will be enormous. By positive action now upon our part that waste and loss can be saved and new power engendered.

Are there any insuperable obstacles to the creation and perpetua- tion of such a Church in every mission land? Some may cla.im that it may be possible "for loosely organized churches to take this step, while great connectional churches could hardly bring about so radical a change. I am sure there is no Church so great, or so connectional, that it does not regard the extension of the Kingdom of Ohrist in the world and its complete triumph as of surpassing importance, even greater than connectionalism or the promotion of any sectarian idea. The greater and more powerful the church the greater the necessity of its throwing the weight of its influence in favor of bringing the rapidly rising churches in mission lands together and helping them organize under the leadership of their Master Christ, whose undivided body they represent and through whom He must act.

Since modern foreign missions began; there has never been an hour when the demands for a united Church in mission lands were so insistent as today, or when the rewards for such a step were so full of glorious promise. Here is the opportunity for the churches of America and the Mission Boards to organize the forces at their command to meet the present crisis of depleted workers on the field, and the lack of adequate financial support, confronted by rapidly opening opportunities in every mission country. Only thus can the Church of Christ come into the full possession of all its powers and present an unbroken and irresistible front to the non-Ohristian world.

Up SHALL WE BUILD WORLD-WIDE DENOMINATIONS?

BY BISHOP J. W. BASHFORD, D.D., CHINA Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church Of the Ohurch in mission fields, two views are held.

(1) That we should aim to build up strong, union, national churches emphasizing Christian unity, but with freedom to develop national characteristics_ (2) That we should aim to build up international churches along denominational lines, emphasizing the special beliefs and methods of worship characteristic of different denominations.

I do not wish to write as a partisan in support of any view, but rather to discuss briefly the New Testament conception of the Church and to apply these principles to the solution of the question.

The Church is a living organism whose life is derived through union with Ohrist, by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. According to the Roman Oatholic view, the Reformation, which aimed at spiritual life at the expense of an external and legal unity, was a false movement in human history, and the Protestant churches are called upon to return in penitence to the "mother church." Upon the contrary, under the New Testament conception, the struggling Christians of the Reformation were fully justified in seeking spiritual life at the expense of an external unity_ This life has that unity in variety which characterizes life in the vegetable kingdom and in the animal kingdom.

The only basis for a deeper unity of the Protestant churches is the conviction that each has wrought out some phase of the infinite life of God in the soul of man. The blue flame of Presbyterian loyalty to the truth, the red flame of Methodist zeal for God, the yellow flame of spiritual life among the Quakers, and the purple flame of Episcopal worship-all are needed to constitute the white light of the Sun of Righ teousness.

In a matter of such deathless importance to Ohristianity, had the unity of the Church been external, had only one form of creed, one order of worship, one mode of baptism and prayer, one method of church government, been acceptable to God, it is incredible that such form of church government had not been included in Revelation. Why do we not find prescribed in the New Testament one single creed, a single ritual, a single form of church government? Why did not Ohrist Himself observe a single mode of prayer and worship? Because as Paul says, "The letter killeth, the spirit giveth life." Haggling over forms and ceremonies and external government is entirely foreign to the spirit of the New Testament. Christian unity will never be achieved by formal meetings of representatives of the various denomi-

NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL CHURCHES-WHICH?

nations to determine how much of what each deems to be truth he is willing to sacrifice for the sake of an external union.

''Yith the Protestant conception of Christian unity rather than the Roman Catholic conception, let us turn to the mission field. Christ's program for the evangelization of Palestine was by healing, preaching, teaching. Noone can read the Gospels without being con- fronted with the miracles of Jesus; and these miracles were not miracles of punishment, though the New Testament teaches that those who will not accept Christ as Saviour and Lord, must later meet Him as jUdge. But the New Testament miracles were miracles of healing performed by Christ to reveal the Fatherhood of God and to lead men to Himself as a Saviour. In no way can we so readiTy convince the pagan races of God's Fatherhood as through our hospitals, providing for their sick, and through our schools, offering education to their children. Christ, in His preaching and teaching, aimed not only to give the masses an understanding of the Gospel, but to raise up and train the twelve disciples in order that they might carryon the work after His own departure.

Christ's method for evangelizing Palestine is the most successful program for the mission fields today. This three-fold method of heal- ing, preaching and teaching, does not demand an external unification of all the churches working in a pagan land, but it does demand co- ordination and co-operation in all our work. It calls for division of territory in order that there may be no duplication of effort, and in order that the Gospel may be carried to as large a number of people as possible. In the larger centers, it demands union work in hospitals, and in the advanced schools in order to avoid the cost of duplication and the bitterness which often arises from competition. It demands worship in a union church in our larger centers, but permits the wor- shippers to join in this union church without sacrificing membership . in the mother churches which send them out.

If we can send to the mission field a body of missionaries and develop on the mission field a body of Christians who in humility seek the will of God above all other aims; if each of these Christians is filled with the love that suffereth long and is kind, that envieth not, that vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, doth not behave itself un- seemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil; rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth; that beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all thingssuch a fellowship of missionaries and converts in mission lands will convince all pagans that God is their Heavenly Father and that Jesus Christ is from God. We favor such a spirit and such co-operation among Christians in pagan lands, rather than an attempt to organize one external national church for the following reasons: (1) The universality of Christianity is not best displayed by the manifestation of national and race characteristics.

(2) As a matter of fact, with the existing organization of the churches in the home lands, the churches on mission fields will keep in closer touch with, and will secure more aid from the home bases by maintaining ecclesiastical connections with their mother churches than by a separate independent organization on the mission field.

(3) With the strong trend toward nationalism which characterized the political history of the 19th century, and which was one cause of the present war, the churches will contribute more to world harmony if each denomination belts the globe with its work and workers, rather than by the separate organization of the Ohristian forces of each nation into a national church with the emphasis upon race characteristics and the consequent loss of the vision of the universal church.

(4) No one will contend that forty or fifty national churchesone for each nation, maintained over· against each other for all time, is the goal of Ohristian unity. The vital question is, therefore, does the path to the higher, final miity lie through the organization of national units maintaining race characteristics, supported from the national treasury and devoted in all international conflicts to national ideals, or does it lie through a Presbyterianism and a Methodism and n Oongregationalism, each universalized and belting the globe with its members, each accustomed to various races and sympathizing with the aspirations of them all. The prospects of the higher unity certainly lie along the latter rather than the former path.

(5) However easy it may seem to organize a mass of young Ohristians in any pagan nation into a single church, nevertheless, so far as our knowledge goes, experience does not reveal the successful founding of any union national church. Often the motive in a pagan land which suggests a national church is a mixed one, made up more largely of the desire for independence, than of the spirit of fellowship. This spirit of independence is not favorable to the surrender of ecclesiastical convictions and of union with other Ohristians in the pagan nation. In Japan for instance, the promise of a unified Japanese church to follow the severance of all ties of the missions with their mother churches has not been realized. The Ohina Inland Mission finds it is wiser to concede to each group of converts, the right to organize a church after the mind of that group and of the missionary who won the group to Ohrist, ~han to attempt to organize all churches on any one model. The McAll Mission in Paris-a union movement-has failed to secure sufficient funds from any base or from all bases for the proper development of its work. Upon the whole,· we know of no successful effort to establish Ohristian unity in any mission land by the separation of each mission from the mother church at home.

In the New Testament we find no trace of a national church and no enunciation of principles which would lead to a national church. God deems the law of love of such importance that He embodies it first in the family; and the family is a divine institution whereby God calls·

1918J NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL CHURCHES-WHICH?

each of us out of pure individualism into an instinctive love of each for all the members. Above the family, God has established the state; and the state also is a divine institution for the extension of the law of love beyond the family and the clan to the nation and the race. Above the family and above the .state, God has .ordained the Ohurch; and the Ohurch is a divine institution whereby God calls for the extension of our love and service beyond our family, beyond our nation, beyond our race, to the entire human family. The charter of the Ohurch is, "Jesus Ohrist tasted death for every man." This charter rests back on the creative plan whereby God "hath made of .one every nation of men that dwell on the face of all the earth." Springing out .of GDd's creative plan and .of the universal redemp- tiDn .ordained by God from before the foundation of the world is the divine prayer which Jesus taught each redeemed child .of every nation tD say, "Our Father who art in Heaven." Orowning the creation .of the race in the image of God, the provision fDr a universal redemptiDn and the commDn prayer, is the final command, "Go ye, therefore, and make disciples .of all nations." It is this nDte of universality which differentiates the church frDm the nation and the family. Hence, the very phrase "A NatiDnal Ohurch" is a contradiction in terms, just as a church fDr a single family is a contradiction in terms.

Finally, for the Ohristian Ohurch tD accept any form of nationalism as its goal when the whole wDrld is moving toward internationalism seems to us a fatal blunder. The late PrDf. Seeley, of Oambridge University, was wont to assure his students that nationalism was. the key to the pDlitical history of the nineteenth century; It aCCDunts fDr the welding together of the petty kingdoms of Germany into the German Empire, of the numerDUS kingdoms of the Italian peninsula into the kingdDm of Italy. It accounts for the triumph .of the UniDn in the struggle between the North and the South during the American Oivil War. It accounts for the grDwth of the British Empire. Irideed the acceptance of nationalism by Germany and her disregard of the universal claims of justice and .of the teachings of the New Testament is a chief cause of our present war. It requires no prophet tD fDretell that if nationalism was the key to the pDlitical history of the nineteenth century,internationalism will be the key to the political history .of the twentieth century. At the very time when commerce and industry and politics are becoming international, when the' world is unconsciDusly acceptIng universal love manifested by universal service as the only solution .of human problems-for the Ohristian Ohurch to revert at such a tiIlle to nationalism as her goal, seems like a fatal case of atavism~

INFLUENTIAL MEN IN OffiNA – AN AMERICAN AND A

Dr. Geol"ge Sherwood Eddy and Dr. Sun Yat Sen In Canton, ChIna

in China's

BY SHERWOOD EDDY, LL.D., Secretary for Asia, International Young Men's Christian Associations W E have just completed a tour of the eastern half of China. We began with a busy week in Canton, the first of the twelve cities which we were to visit. Our work this year centered in the Chinese church and emphasized the enlisting of picked individuals in service rather than evangelistic meetings for multitudes. Hundreds of Chinese decided for Christ. On the last night of the series the Chinese pastors of the twenty-eight local churches sat on the platform. As the name of each church was called, the pastor arose, then his workers in the audience, then the new converts who had been won by them or had made the decision for Christ during the week. It was an inspiring sight to see each pastor lead out his little flock, twenty, thirty, forty or fifty going out to begin their weekly Bible class and to extend the work of winning the millions of China one by one.

It is this emphasis on persona! work, vitalizing and organizing the Christians to go out and win their non-Christian friends and working within the indigenous local churches that is the distinctive feature of the campaign this year. Previously we have tried to win converts from the non-Christian community and hand them over to the church, but we found that the churches were often unprepared and many of the converts were lost, not being followed up and set to work in the church.

This year we 'have got down to bed-rock and are working within the church itself, working out through a vitalized membership.

On the opening night we met twelve hundred Christians and held a daily meeting to train them in personal work. These newly aroused Christians were previously trained in personal work classes and went out each to win or at least bring a non-Christian frie~d into the "person- alized" or covered meeting, where every non-Christian had some Chris- tian worker who had brought him and would follow him up and talk with him during the interval between the two meetings. Anything which was accomplished, however, was only made possible by the cen- tury of missionary seed sowing which had gone before.. The fields are dead ripe for harvest, and our part was that of a coolie or harvest hand called in to reap at .the final ingathering. It was the men who had borne the burden and heat of the day during the long century before who did the real work. .

A team of a dozen workers and specialists were busy night and day in interviews, organizing Bible classes, dealing with enquirers and hearing the confessions of sin. One man came in who had stolen some $800; he made the first payment of $100 toward the settlement

of the entire amount. He was followed by others who had stolen money or who were guilty in other ways.

It is the belief of many that a new application of the method of personal work has been discovered and applied in the preparation for these meetings by the local workers which may extend throughout the whole of Asia, with incalculable blessing. We are filled with thanksgiving because of what has already been accomplished.

As a result of the preparatory work of Rev. F. N. D. Buchman and the personal work of the Chinese, several hundred decided for Christ in Canton, including most of the non-Christians in Canton Christian Oollege.

Our experience in the remaining eleven cities, from Hongkong to Peking and from Shanghai to Ohangsha, was much the same as in Oanton. In each city from one to six hundred Ohristians were organized for personal work and in each city from three hundred to a thousand non- Ohristians students, officials, business men and others have signed the decision card. More than half of these men are now studying in Bible classes and are being prepared for membership in the church. In one city more than one hundred and fifty have already been baptized and others will follow as they are prepared.

This awakening of the Ohristians to new activity comes at the hour of Ohina's desperate material and political need. Everything that has been tried in the past seems to have failed. Classical precepts, moral maxims, calculating Confucian morality have failed, and Confucianism, the very keystone of Ohina's moral and social arch, seems to be crumbling. Ancestor worship, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and the modern eclectic systems, all alike have failed to regenerate the nation. We do not deny that Confucianism especially has laid noble moral foundations in the past, that it has been· a splendid preparation for some adequate future fulfilment, but alone it has utterly failed to save China. Confucianism has produced a deeper moral consciousness than any other non-Ohristian religion which we have found in Asia. It gives precepts, but it has failed to give the necessary power; it offers doctrine, but not life; theory, but not practice. The whole life of Ohina today and the backwardness of this one-quarter of the human race are sufficient proof of its pathetic and final inadequacy.

The trouble with Ohina today lies at the very heart and center of the nation's life; it is radical and fundamental. Foreign and domestic loans, secular education, classical moral precepts and the religious systems of her great past, have all alike failed to save or satisfy the deep need of this great people. Many seem to fear that they are almos.t at the end of their resources and the leaders often seem to be morally bankrupt.

Never was there a time. when things looked so dark politically or so bright religiously, so dark for the government or so bright for the Ohristian church in Ohina as today. This nation has reaf'hed the posi-

CHINA'S CRISIS

SOME CHINESE LEADERS WHO ATTIDNDED DR. EDDY'S EVANGELI'STIC MEETINGS Admiral Ching (left) who Was assassinated the night after attending Dr. Eddy's meeting in Canton. Dr. ,C. C. Wa (center) and Wa Ting Fang (right) tion where a great religious revival is imperatively needed and it is in just that condition in which such movements have often started in past history in other parts of the world. It is our firm conviction that Jesus Christ and vital Christianity, diffused through a growing indigenous Chinese Church is the only hope of this great nation.

Here is one-quarter of the human race, preserved where other nations have fallen, after four thousand years of noble history. Such a great past prophecies a great future. The crucial need of the hour is a living Christian church. It is just at this time of national need' and crisis that the movement for personal eVl:ngelism, which has been spreading through the Chinese church, comes with such hope and promise: A group of Chinese evangelists, prepared by God, have begun the great work of reaping among their fellow countrymen, and bands of personal workers have been trained in the churches. Christ today is the only hope for China.

On the training ground in France I saw a mass of men charging together and heard the officer call out: "Keep together, keep together men; one man cannot take a trench." That irregular mass of men illustrates the need of the present hour. If one man alone forged ahead he was quickly overcome by the enemy, if he straggled behind he was not

in the battle at all; those men who kept together captured the trench. It is just so in the church of Christ today; isolated endeavor or de- nominational, sporadic efforts are not enough to meet the overwhelming crisis of the present hour. Our forces are too few and too divided and unorganized to meet .J:he crucial and immediate need of one-quarter of the human race.

One hundred years of past effort of missionary schools and colleges, hospitals and institutions, churches and evangelism, have fully prepared , China for a great united Christian advance. If we will keep together, and together with Christ go forward, we can "attempt great things for God and expect great things from God." God is ready, the non-Chris· tians are ready. It would have been as easy in each city of China to have gathered audiences of several thousand a night as it was to get several hundred, so far as the non-Christians were concerned, and many of these men would nave been ready to join Bible classes or to join the church if only we had been ready and able to receive them.

Now is the time to pray and work for China. In spite of all the awful need in the great war of destruction, we must furnish the constructive forces to save the Far East at this time of need and opportunity (To be Concluded) American Ways and Chinese Ways COMPARED BY REV. W. H. SMITH, FOOCHOW UNIVERSITY, CHINA (From the St. Louis Christian Advocate) IN AMERICA IN CHINA Compass needle points north. Compass needle points south. Build walls, then roof of house. Build roof, then walls of a house. Mix mortar with hoe. Mix mortar with a rake. Row boat facing the stern. Row boat facing the bow, Milk cow on right side. Milk cow on the left side. Varnish dry wood in dry weather. Varnish wet wood in wet weather, Make upper of shoe, then sole it. Make shoe sole first, then the upper. In beckoning, fingers are upward. In beckoning, fingers bend downward. In counting on fingers, begin at thumb. In counting on fingers, begin at little, Put clothes in water to wash them. Put water on clothes to wash them. Children wind top at spindle end. Children wind top at big end. Index in back of book. Index in front of book (Vol. 1). Fold letter writing inside. Fold letter writing outside. Read horizontally left to right. Read horizontally right to left. Put writer's name and address on letter. Put writer's full name on envelope only. Write with hard pen. Write with a brush (soft pen). Keep ink as a liquid. Keep ink as a solid. Given name first, family last. Family name first, given last. Wear black at funerals. Wear white at funerals. Button on right side, hole on left. Hole on right side, button on left. Put hole over button. Put button through the loop.

Training in the Far

BY HORACE H. UNDERWOOD, SEOUL, KOREA T HE present is an age of Idealism masquerading as Materialism. We look backwards to the days when one or two 'lofty souls, among millions, dared to venture into unknown lands. .

One of the most purely idealistic branches of mission work, in- dustrial training, for many years received scant attention because it was assumed to be a more materialistic and worldly phase of misRion work than the direct preaching of the gospe1. Today its evangelizing value is coming to be recognized. The true mission of Missions is not merely to awaken nations to a state of dazed helplessness in a world they know not, but to awaken them to new lite and to the purposeful practical activity of Christ and their fellow men.

The old Orient, the Orient of Edwin Arnold and of Lafcadio Hearn, the Orient of Confucius and of a Buddhistic Nirvana, was and is idealistic in the common understanding of the word. But it is the idealism of the "Lotus-Eaters," the idealism in which the "dreaming of dreams" and the "seeing of visions" does not arouse to stirring deeds, but is a substitute for them.

The preaching of the gospel has today the same power and the same fascination it has always had, but missionaries are realizing that some must deny themselves this front·line work and train those who have been gathered into the Kingdom. Allover the world, those whose privilege it was to go first had also the privilege of devoting their ener- gies to the simple preaching of the gospel.· To those who followed there came the double duty of preaching and of organizing Sabbath schools, .

Bible institutes, seminaries, high·schools and colleges, for the training· of those converts by whom the missionary is many times multiplied.

So recently that we may speak of it as today, there has come the realization that this must be supplemented by still further and dif· ferent training. The writer is better acquainted with the situation in Korea than in other fields and therefore uses the work in that country as a specific instance of a general condition.

Mission work in Korea began a little over thirty years ago, and for purposes of argument, may be roughly divided into three decades, each with its distinguishing phase. The first was the time of Seed-Sowing, the direct preaching of the gospel and the preparation of the way.

Results there were, the work was more blessed and the first fruits more quickly seen than in many fields. The second decade may be called the period of In-Gathering. The workers had their hands full with the mere reception and shepherding of those who came. This In·Gather- ing has continued to the present, but not in the same proportions. The third decade has been one of Organization:: The growth of a nativl'

pastorate, the training of leaders, the forming of more truly native church organizations, all this, while rooted and grounded in the work of the first and second decades, belongs properly to this third period. We have in Korea today a working nucleus, an organized church, ready now to join hands with the missionaries and step forth to further conquests for Christ among their countrymen. But what has happened outside the Church during these three decades? Is Korea still the Land of the Morning Calm?

The recent history of the Far East is too familiar to need repeti- tion. All are familiar with the fact that after the political battle-dore and shuttle-cock between Japan and Russia, Japanese influence be-' c'ame predominant, cUlminating in the annexation of the country by Japan in 1910. With this came an influx of Japanese and an opening up of the country to the twentieth century which it had not before experienced. Korean farmers and merchants were brought into con- tact with modern methods in the hands of competitors whose resources were greater than their own. The government has done much for the country in many ways, but the period of industrial depression for the Koreans which set in about this time was and is inevitable. Confronted by the new conditions, hundreds of firms went to the wall. Eventually, the improved status of the country in general will bring back pros- perity and correspondingly improved industrial and commercial con- ditions, but some years to come will be lean years for the Koreans. . The church and the people as a whole have been brought abruptly into contact with the world. The Korean Church has long been noted as an exponent of the principle of self-support. Naturally the last few years have found it more and more difllcult to maintain their former standard in this matter.

The problem and the difficulties and dangers it presented, did not go unnoticed by the Governor-General. His Excellency Gov.-General Terauchi (now Premier of Japan) pointed out that Japan itself was suffering from over much education of a purposeless and unpractical sort, education which unfitted rather than fitted the recipients for practical WOrk. He urged the development of industrial training for the Koreans as a preventive of this evil. In compliance with this idea, the' 'Bureau of Education decided to provide only in the educational system of Korea for a grade of work in the regular school course considerably lower than that of Japan.

Large sums were spent and mu,ch attention devoted to industrial training both in the schools and through the agency of model farms, etc., at different places in the country.

What has been the attitude of the Church and what has it done to meet its share of this pressing need? Very early in the history of many of the schools in the country potential industrial departments were organized in the form of the so-called Self-Help Departments. Indeed practically all the industrial training in the mission schools

1918J INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN THE FAR EAST

can even now be classified as self-help work, the difference between the two being as yet hardly noticeable to the casual visitor. These self-help departments were, or are, as their name migh_t imply, departments of the· school for the purpose of supplying work to needy students with the intent to assist them in securing an education. In some institutions they have remained a thin disguise for charity, and the frantic head of the department is only too happy if he can discover a new ditch to be dug or an old one to be filled up; in short, anything which will excuse his paying a monthly wage to the students. Others, on the other hand, have gone on taking up one or more lines of special work so that when the student graduates, in addition to having earned his way through school, he has produced a certain number or amount of goods of real -market value to the department which has paid him, and has also ac- quired a working knowledge of some trade or industry. The reason for the statement that all the work could be classified as self-help work, lies in the fact that none of the schools have, to my knowledge at any rate, been able, for financial reasons, to make the industrial training phase of primary, and the self-help phase of secondary, importance.

The only instance of Christian industrial training per se, in Korea, is the Y. M. C. A. of Seoul, where obviously the difficulties in the way are less and the resources greater than is the case with the average mission academy. The Y. M. C. A. was one of the earliest in this field, and now has a large building specially devoted to industrial training. Here, such subjects as carpentry, machining, printing, shoe-making and photography are taught under competent supervision. The mission school has to contend with the problem of the ever present poor student who is dependent on his earnings for his schooling. Time, space and money for the scientific training of those, who, while they will in the future need such training, do not at this moment need the cash, are hard to secure. The Hugh O'Neill Academy in Syenchun (Presbyterian) is a good illustration of an institution where the work of a Self-Help Department has been given a decided and useful trend toward real industrial training. Here the work is largely agricultural and of great help to the students of a country so decidedly agricultural as is Korea. In Pyengyang, in close connection with the Academy, the Anna Davis Industrial Department is one of the more fortunate institutions which has a special missionary for this work. For some time, however, this institution also gave greater attention to self-help than to industrial training, but the realization of the vital necessity of the ,latter is shown in its last report which speaks of a change newly recommended which "by better organization and equipment would enable it to actually and practically teach each student some industry." The Anglo-Korean School in Songdo (Southern Methodist) has a capable head for its large industrial department and is one of the institutions which more nearly approximates the ideal industrial training.

Perhaps, however, a specific instance, a description of the work and conditions in one instiution, will give more clearly the situation, difficulties and attainments of the work in general. The writer is better acquainted with the work of the Industrial Department of the John D. Wells School in Seoul, having been connected with it for a time.

At the very beginning of the work the first problem which came up was the choice of subjects. Should the department aim to take up purely vVestern trades or to develop existing Korean industries? Should it cater to a trade among foreign residents, tourists and in the homelands or should it make and find its market among the Japanese and natives? Should it teach the use of complicated machinery, which the student might never see after graduation, or depend on cruder machines purchasable in Korea and Japan? It was decided that as the department was for and among Koreans the development of existing Korean industries should be given chief attention; that a larger and more permanent market could be found among the natives and that the development of such a market would be of advantage to the graduates where an export and tourist trade would not. As to equipment, jt was the opinion of those in charge, that it would be far better to depend in the main on crude machinery, such as a student would be likely to meet with after graduation_ However, that the boys might not be altogether ignorant of modern machinery, it was determined to install a few machines of the latest type.

The system of admission and of payment were also questions which gave considerable trouble. None of these things were answered in a moment, but usually after months of experimenting and many mistakes. In the matter of admission to the department, we finally came around to the following plan: the student was required to bring with him a recommendation from the pastor or native leader of his church, certifying that the boy's family were unable to assist him or that they could onfy give a stated amount per month and also vouching for the applicant's moral character. Before being admitted, he was examined first by the superintendent of the department alone, and later by him in conference with the manager and the principal of the school. If favorably passed on by these three, he was required to make a deposit of one dollar with the superintendent and was entered on the rolls as an apprentice. This deposit is repaid to the student" at the end of two years, when it is renewable for two more years if he desires to continue in the department, but is forfeited should he leave without good and suffiCient reason before that time. As an apprentice, the student is questioned as to past experience or knowledge of any of the branches taught, and then assigned as may seem best.

On each student's machine was a card, marking the specifications of the goods to be made, the number of hours of work per day and the amount produced per day. These were tabulated in a monthly report which was most iqteresting reading for the management, parents of

INDUSTRIAL TRAHUNG IN THE FAR EAST

the students and students themselves, and soon proved well worth while. The industries now taught in this institution are weaving, dyeing, basketry, mat-making, embroidery, tailoring, and machine-knitting. Perhaps a word of explanation for these would be advisable. The products of all of these find a ready market among the natives, though the department has endeavored to work up an export trade in addition. The weaving, dyeing, basketry, mat-making and embroidery were all famous industries of old Korea which it seemed worth while to pre- 8erve and encourage. The rapidly increasing use of western socks and western clothes made the installation of a few knitting and a couple of sewing machines well worth while. Moreover, it was found that waste thread from the winding reels and waste or slightly damaged goods from the looms could he turned into salable socks, vests, caps, etc., by these machines. The emhroidery as an industry for boys always excites the greatest astonishment, and it might be well to explain that for hundreds of years it has heen a men's industry in Korea, and that embroidered screens, mottoes, banners and pieces of an sorts find a ready sale among the natives.

The late Dr. H. G. Underwood was deeply interested in this branch of mission work and felt that it was of vital importance. He was largely instrumental in founding the department in the John D. Wells School. When in America in 1912, he secured through the generosity of an individual, a large sum to provide land, building equipment and a certain amount of capital for this department, as well as the gift of four large modern power looms. By the fall of 1914, the huilding had been erected, the looms set up and a small horse-power gas engine installed as a power plant. The basement of the building is devoted to dyeing and mat-making, and to the heating and power plants. The main floor is entirely given up to weaving, and contains twenty-eight looms in addltion to the four power looms; the others being about equally divided between Korean hand and Japanese made foot machines. On the top floor the visitor finds the offices and stock room, while the rest of the floor space is divided into sections for embroidery, knitting, tailoring and the winding and preparation of the thread for the looms.

An attempt to extend the usefulness of the department beyond the students actually enrolled, is made by a series of lectures given to the various classes of the school on such subjects as gas-engines, dyeing, the knitting machine and its development, looms past and present, etc., etc. The staff of the department consists of a Korean Superintendent on whom falls the greater part of the burden, two clerks and five native instructors for tailoring, knitting, emhroidery, _weaving and dyeing comhined, and mat-making. These men are paid a fixed sum per month for the time given as instructors, and then as the students only work before and after the regular school hours, they are paid for whatever goods they themselves turn out during the day. They are all skilled

laborers and not only can they thus supplement their own salaries, but their products help very materially to even up the loss on goods made by the students. In addition to these men, the department employs a native salesman who·is on the road a good deal of the time and has also formed a sort of partnership with a native tailoring firm in the city to enable it to handle large orders for several hundred uniforms, etc., which it could not otherwise touch.

From sixty to eighty boys out of a total school enrollment of not quite two hundred are employed all through the school year. These 'boys do not all earn all their school expenses, but it is safe to say that it is the department which makes it po'ssible for all of them to receive an education. It teaches them a trade which is native to their country and the product of which is marketable at home; while familiarizing them with modern machinery, they are taught to use such machinery as will probably be available to them after graduation. They are taught also the dignity of labor, and an attempt is now being made to teach them a little of modern business methods in connection with a commercial course in the main school.

For this and other similar departments trained men in charge are a necessity, if they are to come up to the possibilities of usefulness which are in them. This department has received help of the principal of the school and part time from another missionary.

The right man in this place could make it trebly efficient in every way. The Y. M. C. A. in Seoul has at present two men whose whole time is devoted to industrial work; the Northern Presbyterian mission' has three workers: two men, one in Syenchun and one in Pyengyang, and one woman in Pyengyang; the Southern Methodist mission has one such man in the Anglo-Korean School in Songdo; the Southern Presbyterian mission brought out a man for this work, but a large part of his time has since been diverted to general educational work. Outside of the Y. M. C. A. the Roman Catholic Beneliictine Friars probably have devoted more attention to this work than any of the Protestant denominations.

Trained men are needed and money is needed. The self-help department which is struggling to broaden its scope and give real training is in danger of failing in this training by spreading its money too thin or of spending a great deal on a few students or of falling into any number of pit-falls which beset the unwary, untrained and overburdened clerical missionary forced to take up this work in addition to his own.

The benefits of this industrial training are obvious; the dangers and difficulties of its proper accomplishment are fascinatingly many and its appeal to the admirers of Paul the tent-maker and to the followers of Jesus, the carpenter's Son, should be irresistible.

SCHOOL GIRLS OF PACR.AGUAY TAKING THEIR MORNING

Paraguay; the Neglected Land of Latin America BY REV. TOLBERT F. REAVIS Foreign Christian Missionary Society PARAGUAY is a great undeveloped land with unlimited natural wealth and boundless future possibilities. Since it is nearly as large as Spain and has a much richer soil, with scarcely any barren soil, it bids fair within the next few decades to become the home of many millions of people.

Not only its soil, mineral and forest wealth, but its very position and geography make it a promising land, It lies up the river highway which leads in from the doorway to "A Oontinent of Opportunity," and is so surrounded and bisected with great. river thoroughfares of com· merce, that at one time in her history, Paraguay was the leading naval country of South America, regardless of the fact that she is an in· land country.

The great Parana River, upon which large steamers ascend for more than a thousand miles above Buenos Aires, is so wide that one sees but one of its shores at a time until some four or five hundred miles has been navigated.

Paraguay is a land of great religious destitution. There are only about eighty Roman Oatholic priests in the whole country, and many of these are not actively at work. There is scarcely any well organized evangelical work at all being done: As much might be said of the public instruction. The university has but one college, the college of law. Out of a national population of nearly a million souls there are only about one hundred teachers

in training to take the place of the still fewer number now engaged in teaching. The illiteracy is appalling. In the cities and towns the percentage is above sixty. In the rural districts it is much worse. Out of a school population of nearly a quarter of a million only about eighty thousand go to school. In 1916, there were thirty-eight schools less than the year before. In the wllOle country there are only 477 schools for boys and 473 for girls.

The morality of the country also leaves a great deal to be desired. In one district the percentage of iIIigitimacy reaches the shocking figure of seventy-two.

Going fJ,'om the metropolis of Argentina to Asuncion, the capital of Paraguay, in many ways reminds one of going from London to northern Spain. The distance is about the same; the climate changes in about same proportion from cool to warm; and one passes from a modern to a relatively primitive civilization. The Roman Catholic Church sits in unmolested authority while the country dreams of its departed glory. The church is far less active in Paraguay than it is in Argentina,but is much more tolerant than in Spain.

Paraguay was m;llong the first to be settled of all the countries of either North or South America. The land was discovered by the celebrated Sebastian Cabot himself in 1525, and the first settlement was made in 1535, when Don Juan de Ayolas, in search of a commercial route between the east coast of South America and Peru, planted a fort just north of parallel 26 south latitude. This fort was named Asuncion in honor of the Virgin of the Assumption, and for many years has been the capital of the nation.

The most interesting event in the early history of the country is the coming of the Jesuits in 1610. There is no doubt but that many of them suffered great cruelties at the hands of ruthless, savage men, and underwent many hardships and privation of hunger, thirst and sickness due to tropical conditions. On their journeys through the trackless forests preaching to the Indians, they would sometimes be half starved, but would not take food unless it were freely offered to them. By defending the Indian they were often opposed and beset by their own unscrupulous countrymen who sought to exploit the simpleminded red-man. Before they were expelled from the country in 1767, by order of Charles III, King of Spain, this organized priesthood, the vanguard of Spanish civilization and culture, had builded their "houses by the side of many a road" and had become the- fast friends of the children of the forest.

In a few years they had as many as thirty-two "reducciones" (as their settlements were called) and a constituency of some forty thousand. Partly for self defense and partly "to serve his captive's need," the Jesuits organized hundreds of this sullen people into armiel'l, and equipped and drilled them into the most formidable fighting force of that early day.

PARAGUAY; THE NEGLECTED LAND OF LATIN AMERICA

But Labor and Capital in that long ago had a quarrel, and Capital won. The heartless slaver wanted hands with which to cultivate the plantations and to operate the mines. With that lucrative motive he often laid violent hands upon the unsophisticated, defenseless Indian. The Jesuit stretched his protecting arm over the poor native, and was therefore often in collision with his less compassionate countryman, the slave driver.

Though the Jesuit baffled the man trapper in the New World, the capitalist back in Spain would not be baffled. He got the King's consent that the Jesuits should go, and they went. When in 1767, Bu· carelli, the viceroy of Buenos Aires (Rio de la Plata) came to Paraguay with an armed force to carry out the King's orders, the Jesuits obeyed with their characteristic and reverent submission to superiors, although they well knew that had they chosen to give the word to their followers to resist, not one agent of the king would have been left to tell the tale.

EPOCH OF THE TYRANTS.

After the passing of the Jesuits two dates stand out distinctly in the history of Paraguay. In 1776, the country was made a part of the Viceroyalty of Buenos Aires (Rio de la Plata).

In 1810, when Argentina, and in 1814, when Uruguay threw off the yoke of Spain, Paraguay not only became independent of Spain, but of Argentina as well. Since then, as we have indicated above, her history has largely been the biography of three tyrants, Francis (1811- 1841), Carlos Lopez (1841-1862), 'and the illustrious son of the latter, Francisco Solano Lopez (1862·1870).

Though Francis has beeD" hailed "EL SUPREMO" in our own fiction, his work was largely reactionary. "He shut up the country", writes a Paraguayan historian, "from contact with the exterior world, in order to form a new nationality, not permitting anyone to leave the country and creating great difficulties for those who came in. Francis would not permit communication with Brazil except by way of Itapua."

The first Lopez was a benevolent dictator. He reversed the policy of Francis and, in addition, undertook many public works and ratified the independence of the country.

({1Vhat we have been makes us what we are,') if ever true, is certainly true of Paraguay today. Francisco Solano Lopez, in 1862, upon the death of his father, was elected President. He had formerly represented his country as minister to the courts of Spain, France and Great Britain, and had taken an inconspicuous part in the Crimean War. While in Europe it seems that he had become obsessed with the fatal notion that he was another Napoleon. At any rate about the time the Civil War in the United States closed, Lopez at the head of one of the greatest and most efficient armies ever marshalled on South American soil, found himself at war with the combined forces of Uruguay, Brazil

and Argentina. The Triple Alliance formed by these countries and signed in Buenos Aires May 1, 1865,had for its object the crushing of Lopez and with him the military despotism which threatened the peace and security of all South America.

Some give the population at it million before the war began in 1865, and at two hundred thousand when the war closed in 1870. There is no way of telling how many people perished in this senseless Armegeddon. One thing is certain, that the country has never emerged from the shadow of that valley of death and gloom into which an ambitious ruler plunged it. At the close of the war all was ruin and desolation. The political and economic situatioh was terrible. Education and morals were at the lowest ebb, and even yet are deplorable. The whole country was bled white. The odds were too great. Nearly all the able-bodied men including Lopez himself were finally left dead on the battle field. The only army left was one of widows and orphans, who with their backs to the wall and their faces toward the setting sun were left to bear the heavy burdens which tax both soul and body.

As is often the case in such great national disasters, the crushing weight of the tragedy fell upon woman. Could anything be more pathetic than her condition today? She and the burros are still the beasts of burden. With little to eat and wear, with many children to keep alive, and with heavy burdens to bear, barefooted aITd silently she goes through cold and heat asking naught of anyone and receiving nothing. For all the country is so poor, there are scarcely any beggars. Misery has plenty of company, or else their riches are commensurate with their standar<l of living. "The pain of Paraguay" has gone into proverb and into the literature of South America. There is a book by that title which paints the scene too black, perhaps; yet one is safe in saying, "the mirth of that land is gone."

PROTESTANT AMERICA'S RESPONSIBILITY.

What is the measure of our responsibility to this needy land? "To whom much is given much shall be required," these words, true when the Master gave them utterance, are truer still today. Much has been given us and is still being given us in more than one way which increases our responsibility to this "sullen people."

They are looking at us and to us. In looking at us they marvel at our greatness and many are beginning to ask themselves and us the reason for all this. All too often they explain North America's greatness only in terms of material well being. Many, however, are looking to us, for leadership, for guardianship against encroaching political evil, and for spiritual light; just as the merchants of that coun try are looking to North America for nearly all the manufactured articles sold in Paraguay. The Ford automobile is about the only machine sold in Asuncion. It is so common that some even say "El Ford" instead of "EI automovil." The United States Minister-Plenipotentiary, the

Hon. D. F. Mooney, is very popular. President Wilson is held in the very highest esteem. The memory of ex-President Hayes is kept green among them by naming one of their towns Villa Hayes, in gratitude for the service he rendered them in arbitrating a boundry dispute with a neighboring republic.

What is our concept of our responsibility to this needy people? Is it that of furnishing them for value received more gasoline, cement and tar soap? Does our programme lead us beyond that of building "greater barns"? As one looks upon American goods displayed in nearly every show window in Asuncion, the language of Dr. Henry Churchill King ought to challenge the very best: "Is the wider and wider sale of 'pinhead' and 'peacock' cigarettes, of kerosene oil, and of corrugated iron, even if it end finally in their world-wide conquest, the ultimate end of -Western civilization and the meaning of life? To violate those high spiritual convictions and ideals that are the very -soul of our civilization in our dealings with any people is to lose our own life."

Our real. "White Man's Burden" is to answer the call of them who sit in the "region of the shadow of death," that to them a "great light may spring up." We shall be measured by the weight of our contribution to their social, moral and spiritual well being, and not by the "Balance of Trade."

Why Send Missionaries to Latin America?

Because we are commanded by our Lord to preach the Gospel "to every creature."

Because the dominant church there does not teach the real Gospel of Jesus Christ.

Because the people have not been given the Bible or encouraged to read it.

Because the people have no assurance of salvation and peace with God.

Because the people have not been allowed "the right of private judg- ment," in reading the Bible, or in questions of conscience.

Because the priests, the Virgin Mary and saints are thrust between the sinner and the Savior.

Because salvation by works is there substituted for salvation by faith. Because religious rites are made a matter of money, as, for example, the masses for the dead, marriage, baptism and festivals. Because the people are not given that which_will satisfy their spiritual natures. Because wherever the Gospel has been faithfully proclaimed in these lands, there have been conversions and converts have become noble Chris- tian men and women.

Did They Do It?

BY WILLIAM M. DANNER, BOSTON, MASS.

American Secretary of the Mission to Lepers A church in Chicago recently took up an offering of $30,000 for foreign mis- sions. They are not wealthy people, but of the middle class. They had not pledged themselves to the work and the unusual demands of the war press on them as on others. They were not obliged to give so ) largely- l WHY DID THEY DO IT? f Why 'did this church, composed for the most part of people, who would be called "poor" as to this world's goods, deliberately plan for an Annual Missionary Rally which all knew would mean appeals for money?

Why did they appoint speoial committees and workers to plan and campaign unitedly for months in advance?

Why did these people forget that they had no comfortably cushioned and carpeted church, but were worshipping in a wooden Tabernacle, with sawdust for carpet and were sitting on the soft side of pine boards?

Why did they bring Missionary representatives from many different foreign mission Boards to present the missionary· work and appeal for money for many lands?

Why did the people crowd the tabernacle for afternoon and evening sessions for four days, and on Sunday come in almost continuous sessions for morning, afternoon and evening?

Why did 164 bright young people joyfully join the former volunteers in offer- ing themselves for Foreign Mission service?

Why did these people give out of their poverty, voluntary offerings, so largely that more than $30,000 was given or pledged for Foreign Mission Work?

Why did the pastor, without thought of his own needs, pour out his soul in words of entreaty, lovingly and faithfully urging his people to do their best to send the blessings of the Gospel to every creature?

The answer to these questions gives the reason why Christians rejoice in giving themselves and their substance to advance the cause of Christ at home and abroad. It is the conciousness of indebtedness to Jesus Christ and loyalty to His command and compassion for those who do not know His salvation, Long live the spirit which reflected "the compassion of Jesus" in the Third Annual Missionary Conference of the Moody Church, Chicago (May 29th to June 2d, 1918). May that spirit stir other churches so that they too may know the joy of being co-laborers with God for the redemption of the world.

the Krus to Keep the

BY REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, NANA, KRU MISSION Via Sinoe, Liberia, West Central Africa U SUALLY the Krus don't need to be taught to rest. That comes naturally to the native of a tropical country. But to rest on Sunday with your rice farm newly planted, or heading out, and hundreds of hungry birds waiting to take their part-ah, that's another story!

In this section church members as well as heathen spent their Sun- days in their rice farms. We preached for three apparently fruitless years. "The birds no fit to chop (eat) rice on Sundays?" was the uni- versal query. – "Of course, the birds will eat some, but God no fit to let you suffer if you obey His law," we reiterated. It was no use. The idea of letting the birds eat any was too repugnant to Kru nature.

Then a native rebellion and a revival swelled the number of our boarders at the N ana Kru Mission School to about 100. On top of that the European War inflated the price of rice beyond all reach. And rice is the "daily bread" of Kru school children.

Prudence said, "Cut down your school one-half, or close it." Christ said, "Feed My lambs." We cast prudence to the four winds and laid hold mightily upon God.

We cut a rice farm. True, we had never done such work before.

It is not included in one's bringing up in London, England, nor Philadel- phia, U. S. A. But, then, neither had we been taught to make soap, nor manufacture a yeast cake, nor build a house, nor sit on a Kru man's head while he carried us through a river up to his mouth. We had mastered these arts-and, anyway, the missionary's motto in Africa is, "You can because you must."

Our boys helped us faithfully. Acres of swamp land were cleared of an eight years' growth of bush. Anxious days were spent scanning the sky for clouds while the debris was drying. One glorious day ar- rived when everything went up in smoke. Dirty days followed when cleaning the ground by hand was the order of business. Brighter days came when the air resounded with the click of hoes as long ranks of women and girls-in all 220-advanced, cutting the ground, covering the seed, and planting cassava with their toes.

Then came Sunday. We put the newly planted rice farm into God's hands on Saturday night "and rested the Sabbath Day." And then we saw God's purpose in all this toil, for, while the heathen could close their ears to the preached word, they could not close their eyes to the illus- trated sermon of an unwatched rice farm on every Lord's Day. A thou-

sand eyes were upon us. Whether or not the birds ate their part, we do not know. The rice sprouted and grew luxuriantly. The heathen waited in non-committal silence. Then came the drought. All around us rice farms withered and died under the blazing sun. Our own rice began to look a little rusty. We went to persistent, united prayer. Rain feUtons of it-into the greedy sea, but only a light sprinkling upon land. It was as if God said, "See, I hear your prayer, but you must wait a little." We saw God's hand in this t~st of faith when we found out that in the town a devil woman had been engaged to conjure rain.

Our rice, unspoiled by the drought, began to head out. "Surely now you no fit to leave your rice on Sundays," our neighbors plead, almost in tears, for to deliberately waste food in hungry Kruland is the unpardonable sin. Every possible concession was advanced. "Pay our town boys to watch your farm on Sundays while you do your church work," was the popular suggestion. Anything except trust God!

Faithfully was the bird watching done week by week. A score of boys, through drenching cold rain, under blazing hot sun, from daydawn to sunset, six days out of every seven, drove away the rice birds from the grain. Day and night sessions of school were held by the missionaries so that no student should lose his beloved studies because of the farm.

Not only did our boys watch. They prayed. Earnestly, importunely, every morning and before eating every night, great volumes of prayer went up to God, that He would take care of the rice and show the heathen that He had power. Their own faith grew and deepened, and so did the faith of our native workers.

To adults, with families dependent upon them, with all their people against them, with relatives refusing to let them have seed rice because they said, "You teach the birds to eat rice," and "You waste the rice by letting the birds eat it on Sundays"-to such adults, leaving their farms untended by any visible helper on the Lord's Day was a sore test of faith.

One or two faltered, but most stood firm, and it was given to these to declare: "If the birds chop (eat) all our rice, all right, it be good, God will bring something else for us." Timid Christians went into their farms on Sundays and in every case lost nearly the entire crop, while the farms, unwatched on Sundays, of stronger Christians, right beside theirs, yielded such abundant harvest that men exclaimed, "God can do something I"

We had the best crop of rice in the country, and the natives say that if this Mission rice farm belonged to anyone man, they would take him by force and make him king. The visible appeals to the African more than anything else. What he sees he believes in.

This farm was a farm of prayer. Before cutting, it was dedicated by prayer. Before burning, it was dedicated again by prayer. The planting rice was dedicated by prayer. And prayer has gone up unceasingly for it. The results prove that it pleased God.

@ @ ~"'_"""wBu'E''S_T_'~OMUUUB'''T''H'iIOUU'D''S''_''''~n

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards CONFERENCE ENTHUSIASM HARNESSED FOR SERVICE.

pOWER enough theve- to run the "If I could only stay here and work world," said the man who viewed every day with such people as are in Niagara with the calculating eye of this conference 1"

the practical engineer looking for The ambition of the disciples to motor power, "if only it could be prop- build three tabernacles was all right.

erly harnessed up." The Lord questioned not their am- Thousands, yea, tens of thousands bition, but their choice of a site.

of delegates, have been enrolled at Their abodes were to be built, not missionary conferences this summer. on the mountain of transfiguration, Power enough is there to reach to the but down in the plains and valleys ends of the earth, if the enthusiasm of below, so that they might live and these mountain tops of religious ex- work among the throngs of people perience can be harnessed in actual who were not privileged delegates to service in the valleys and plains in the conference on the mountain top, which these same delegates are going and might carry to them the inspira- to live their every-day lives during the tion of the message of the transfigura- winter. tion.

Typical of modern summer confer- Another great mountain-top experi- ence delegates are the going home ex- ence was that of Moses on Sinai. Such periences of the Bible. When Peter, spiritual heights were there reached James and John were on the Mount that we are told of the only delegate of Transfiguration they did not want who went up from the plains below to go home at all. that, as he went on the homeward "It is good for us to be here," ar- journey, "the skin of his face shone."

gued they. "Let us build three taber- No delegate ever had a note book that nacles." promised to be more durable and in- Truly, that was a choice company. destructible than were Moses' tables Could they have stayed on the moun- of stone. Yet he did not even reach tain with Moses and Elijah and their home with his message. So dis- Lord, it seemed that the realization couraged and angered was he by the of their ideals would be much easier indifference and the sin of the people of reach than surrounded by the peo- who had stayed at home that he broke ple who had seen no vision of trans- the very. message God had given him figuration. At a recent conference to take back to them.

Mrs. W. H. Farmer said: "Most of The coldest breezes that blow are us would rather put on ascension robes those that greet the enthusiastic delethan overalls." Easier far is it to gate returning from a summer con- sing ference. The myriad golden calves of "Here I'll sit forever viewing"- the valleys below with their throngs of worshippers are apt to chill the than to right about face and march to enthusiasm of the most ardent delethe duties of the valley below, singing gate. Coming straight down from the mountain heights it is hard to remem- "Onward Christian soldiers."

A delegate at a Northfield Confer- ber that our whole congregation has ence remarked: not been lifted by the inspiration that

has come to us. Choice delegate he, the churches to a winter conference who can keep his "tables of stone" modeled in so far as possible on the unbroken as he faces the discourage- summer conference plan. No morn- ments of his home church and who ing sessions were possible, as most of can go to the workshop of his daily living with a face stilI shining with the young people were at work, but his mountain-top vision. she arranged a splendid program for three hours every evening of her con- Heartening also to the disheartened ference week. She had two forty- is the experience of Elijah on Mt. five-minute periods of Mission Study Carmel. Such heights did Elijah's and one address each evening. Her faith attain on Carmel that it soared plan has been in operation now for to highest Heaven and brought down three successive years, and this winter fire to consume the offering and lick conference has brought to the home up the very water from the trenches, church some of the best features of yet from Carmel to the juniper tree the summer conferences and has en- was but a day's journey. Under the rolled on these three successive years . juniper tree the man who but yester- approximately seventy, one hundred, day attained the heights of courage and one hundred and fifty people in and faith descends into the very depths attendance. of discouragement and weakly prays, "Lord, it is enough; take away my A Missionary House Party.-An life." extension plan for summer conference influence has been devised by some of Some delegates become utterly dis- the wide awake leaders of the World couraged at the depression in their Wide Guild, the Baptist Missionary feeling which so often follows the organization for girls. The following thrilling experiences of the mountain tops. They conclude that their en- irresistible letter which was mailed to thusiasm must have been spurious and local leaders explains the plan, which their vision a delusion. Matthew is not "protected by copyright" : Arnold had the vision. He also had the depression which so often follows Dear – – . the vision. Espe<;:ially for summer conference delegates must he have A great many girls throughout Monroe penned: County keep saying to me: "How I would love to go to a summer Conference at "Tasks in hours of insight willed Northfield, but it's so far, or so expensive," May be in hours of gloom fulfilled." or so something else, equally impossible to them. So imagine how delighted I am to Realize, oh ye hosts of returning be able to write you that we are actually delegates, that the finest work is some- going to have a real "Little Northfield" all times done in these hours of gloom, our own, right here in Monroe County. and not always in spontaneous bursts of joy. Final victory awaits that de- The Rochester Young Wot4en's Christian termination which perseveres in the Association has kindly consented to give us grind of every-day difficulty. the use of their attractive Sea Breeze camp by the lake, (an hour's ride from Rochester Who Follows in This Train? by trolley) for the entire last week in Au- gust, for a World Wide Guild Houseparty. A Winter Conference in New Jer- The rates, as given on blue dodgers, will sey. Several years ago a young be within the reach of all, so surely your woman .from New Jersey went to a church can send at least one delegate. Summer Conference. She saw a vision and she was eager to incarnate Under separate cover I am sending you that vision in a life of service. She some blue descriptive dodgers, which I hope longed to reproduce for the churches you will distribute enthusiastically among at home the meetings which had meant the girls in your church. We would be so much to her. When she went home glad to have you choose wisely-perhaps she invited the young people of all you already know one or two girls who could be "live wires" if they only caught an inspiration and learned definite plans to carry out. Our Houseparty is exciting widespread enthusiasm (and envy) outside the county, because it not only promises to give girls lots of wholesome fun, with stunts and games and sports, but the "Little Northfield" side of the plan also assures

BEST METHODS

the girls of a Conference fairly bristling hear from you by August 1st. at the very with new ideas, clever schemes, and simple latest, I am, workable programs, just waiting to be put into practice in your home church. Al- Cordially yours, ready we have been able to secure the promises of some leaders known nation- The Boring of One Delegate ally for W. W. G. and children's work: Miss Alma Noble, Miss Mary Noble, Mrs. A Pennsylvania school teacher was Frank Crouch, Miss Margaret Applebarth persuaded to go to one of the Silver and others, including some splendid mis- Bay conferences ten years ago. She sionaries. The evening sessions are all to frankly confided to a friend that she be inspirational, and the morning ones very was going solely because her expenses practical and definite, as this tentative were paid and she expected to be schedule will show: "bored to death" just for the sake of getting a little outing. She prepared (9-1O)-Bible class. to endure the boring heroically and to (10 to H)-Two electives will be open find her recompense in the pleasure of the trip and the wonderful beauty for choke: of the surroundings. Her intentions I "Big Sisters for Little Sisters (and to skip as many classes as she con- Brothers !)". scientiously could were completely frustrated not by any watchful es- Monda:v–"Mission Stories for the Primary pionage, but by the intense interest Department." with which she faced for the 'first time in her life the compelling task of a Tuesday-"Lively Plans for the Lively world to be won. The work outlined Junior Department." challenged the best that was in her. She went back home and presented Wednesday-HThe Wee Jewels." (Cradle that same challenge to her church in Roll Department.) eight Mission Study classes which she led the following winter. She orga- Thursda:v–uThe Children's World Cru- nized a Missionary Committee in her sade." church and worked out a thorough missionary policy for the Sunday- Friday-"Casting Out Some Missionary school. Every year that church has Imps." continued to send delegates to the summer conference. The one who Saturday-"How to Make Pagodas. Huts, went up ten years ago to be "bored Dolls, Etc." to death" has become an outstanding missionary leader, whose name has II. "Open Doors for W. W. G. Girls." appeared on a number of programs of Monday-UThrough the Keyhole." (How the largest summer conferences this summer. to arouse curiosity-Ban- quets, Socials, Posters, A Kansas Lawyer's Verdict etc.) Tuesday-"Seven Keys to Call Kate." Three years ago a young Kansas W ednesday-"Rusty Hinges." (Bad Pro- lawyer went to the Estes Park Sum- grams versus good ones.) mer Conference. With reluctant feet Thursday-HKnobs that turn Easily." went he. What business was there for (Painless ways of raising a lawyer at a missionary conference! Money.) Chiefly because his sister urged him Friday-"Locked Up." (What, When and to go he was there. In a Home Mis- How in regard to Mission- sion Study Class taught by Mr. Felton ary Books.) he saw, not America only, but the Saturday-UDoor Mats and Door Belles." whole world as he had never seen the (Some Missionary Bees world before. His legal mind set it- for Missionary Bonnets.) self to the fair settling of the case (1l-12)-The new' study books discussed. before him. He accepted the verdict Needless to say our space will be limited as only 60 can be accommodated, so reservations will be made in the order received. "Work it up" at once, therefore. One easy way is to make a poster to display on your church bulletin board: Take a sheet of white cardboard, and paste two of the blue dodgers on it-one, front side out, the other, back side out. In the triangular space between print: GIRLS: ISN'T THIS THRILLING Sign Up If You Can Go Then leave some room for names. Hoping that your church may gain great benefit from the Houseparty, and asking to

which changed all of his plans for his tion but of every denomination in the life. His ambition to win cases in state of New York. No human power America paled before the consuming can estimate the influence upon the passion which came to him to win lives of thousands of boys and girls souls for his Lord in India, and in resulting from this investment.

India today that summer -conference enthusiasm is working in the daily A University Student's Way harness of actual, hard service. Said a young university student, "I want to do something to take the An Illustrator's Pen missionary message to the men at the Did you ever notice the initials "J. . university next winter. Just a handful G." on some of the most attractive of of them are at any summer confer- the Saturday Evening Post cover de- ence. I think the best thing I could signs? Have you noticed the same do would be to put the MISSIONARY initials and the same strong points in REVIEW OF THE WORLD in the reading the illustrations of several of the new room." "I think," said another dele- missionary books, which illustrations gate, " that my definite investment have elevated these books to an entire- that will count for the most is to send ly different class from the missionary the REVIEW to our mission stations."

publications of a few years ago? Good suggestions, both. If any re- The harnessing of summer confer- turned delegates or any who did not ence enthusiasm did it! A talented go to a summer conference want to young artist was at a summer confer- harness some enthusiasm for splendid ence several years ago. As she heard service in an investment sure to bring of heroic service she too longed to returns "Best Methodsl} will be glad serve. The old question came to her: to handle that also, and see that the "What hast thou in thine hand?" REVIEW goes to university reading She took that which was in her rooms and to missionaries on the fir- hand-a skilled pen and brush-and ing line, either in the homeland or in made them serve in a way which has foreign fields. A movement is on reached mUltiplied thousands. foot to put the REVIEW in every mis- sion station, in every college and semi- Into Every Orphan Home in New York nary library and in every Protestant At the 1917 Blue Ridge Conference church in America. Helpers are a quiet girl arose at the last session needed to carry out this plan to bring of the class in the Missionary Educa- the inspiration and stimulus of the tion of Juniors, and said: messages in the REVIEW to those on "Among the determinations I have the frontier or in positions of influ- made in this class is one that I .will ence at home.

place Everyland in every orphan home of my denomination in my Swing Wide- the Doors of Governors'

state." Mansion It was not a big proposition. It in- Among the delegates at last sum- volved the expenditure of only a few mer's conferences were at least two dollars, but it offered a possibility of governors' wives. Mrs. Bickett, wife large returns on a small investment. of North Carolina's good governor, The determination of this girl was went back home from the Blue Ridge mentioned in a talk at the 1918 Silver Conference to harness her enthusiasm'

Bay Conference, and brought a sug- into service. One thing she did was gestion to a prominent N ew York to invite all missionary societies of lawyer of an opportunity for harness- the different denominations repre- ing some of his convention enthusiasm. sented in North Carolina's capital to a The next morning that lawyer pro- missionary meeting. Now guberna- posed to put Everyland in every or- torial doors have swung wide to many phan home not only of his denomina- meetings, but not often have thes~

meetings been of a missionary char- whole life .of her congregation. She acter. Notwithstanding the down- was not revolutionary. Quietly and pour of rain the women gathered by tactfully she went about her work. When sue was asked how she acdozens and by scores to discuss the complished so much, she said: great opportunities of the mission fields of the world. The influence of "Two things have, throughout the such active missionary zeal in the year, kept alive the fire of inspiration home of the chief executive is being gained at the summer conference. One felt throughout "the good old North is my oft-repeated prayer to God for His guidance, and the other is the con- State." This year both Governor stant inspiring memory, v~ry real and and Mrs. Bickett attended the confer- vivid, of the happiness of that sumence, the governor being one of the mer conference experience." speakers. Taking a Missionary Institute Back Home One Girl Did This The time was thirteen years ago. A young girl went home from a The place was a beautiful little town conference with a great desire to be of of 1800 inhabitants, about thirty-five service to her Lord in giving to her miles from Buffalo, New York. The church was a small one with only 186 church at home the missionary in- members on its roll, without a reguspiration which h"ad come to her. She lar pastor for two years. No prayer meetings had been held for eighteen went to her pastor and talked over months and activities were at a dewith him her hopes and ambitions, cidedly low ebb. The new pastor was and together they worked out a plan just out of the seminary. He was a missionary enthusiast, not of the sputfor more thorough missionary educa- tering, but of the steadily burning type. tion in the congregation. In the winter of 1905 the Mission- ary Education Movement (then the Here are some of the things that Young People's Missionary Movewere actually done which transformed ment) held a three-day Institute in the life of that congregation: Buffalo. They gave courses in Mis- sion Study, and Methods of Mission- Every organization or society in the cOn- ary Education. On that faculty were gregation was asked to appoint one mem- Mr. Charles V. Vickery, now Execuber to serve on a Church Missionary Board. tive Secretary of the Armenian-Syrian The Board thus constituted faced the task Relief Committee; Dr, S. Earl Taylor, of planning and putting into effective oper- the present Secretary of the Methoation through the various societies of the dist Centenary, and Mr. B. Carter church an adequate policy of missionary Millikin, Educational Secretary of the education. Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- sions. For some months the pastor This girl met with the Executive Commit- of this littfe country church had been tee of the Women's Missionary Society, and wondering how he could get missions interested them in a Mission Study book into his church and give his people a so that they introduced this new feature. vision of the world. The young people were willing to respond to his The Men's Brotherhood was tactfully appeals, but they had never studied encouraged to invite certain good mis- missions and had never been trained sionary speakers. for leadership. When that pastor re- ceived the announcement of that Mis- The Sunday-school program was made to sionary Institute he knew that his opinclude some missionary teaching with portunity had drawn near. He imdemonstrations and missionary exerc~es on mediately made up his mind to have certain Sundays.

The Christian Endeavor Society became one of the livest organizations in the church through its splendid programs of missionary material, which were introduced.

The Intermediate Christian Endeavor Society became interested in mission study by delightful informal meetings at this delegate's horne once a week to go over the new books.

The Junior Society was not forgotten. It also was visited and programs on Mission Study books were planned.

Thus did one delegate go home and give a missionary impulse to the

a large delegation attend from his a Missionary Institute or to a Summer church. The Buffalo Committee Conference." wrote him that the delegation from his small church must be limited to Rules for Returned Delegates four. When a delegation of fourteen volunteered to go that Buffalo com- 1. Garb your enthusiasm in overmittee gave extension privileges to alls. their ruling, and that little country church claimed the privilege of supply- 2. Put not on any superior airs of ing the shortage in the delegations of disdain when your pastor does not some of the large city churches which equal the eloquence of your favorite were not able to muster their fuJI Moses or Elijah of the conference. quota. These fourteen delegates at- Neither Moses nor Elijah could do it tended every session of that Institute. if he had to preach twice a Sunday and commuting on each of the three days. prepare prayer meeting talks extra.

. They returned home with such a 3. Do not lose patience with the vision as they had never had before. people who were not there. Preserve The day after, the pastor summoned the shining of your face and deliver them all to the manse and told them your "tables of stone" unbroken, even that he wanted to organize some Mis- though you find the folks back home sion Study Classes in the church. His absorbed with their golden calves. proposal was greeted enthusiastically, but the common wail followed im- 4. Do not expect an eager throng mediately-"Where will you get the to meet you at the station begging to leaders ?" "From this delegation," be enrolled in Mission Study classes was the quick response. After some without delay. discussion eight of those young people agreed to lead classes, although none S. Remember that your summer had ever led a class before. Within a month eight Mission Study classes, conference vision is a thing not to with a total enrollment of eighty, out frame, but to incarnate. of a church membership of one hundred and eighty-six, were meeting 6. Face the task of the home church weekly at the homes of the leaders. with enthusiasm continued, which is perserverance, which is success. Here is the result in a nut shell: Nearly one-half of the entire mem- 7. Begin immediately to work up bership of the church began to study your delegation for next summer's missions; the benefits of the Institute conference. were passed on to sixty-six persons who had not attended it. Missions BACK OF THE POETRY, PROSE soon became a live topic in the church; the contributions for missions and "A man went down to Panama, benevolence quadrupled; and many Where many men had died, leaders were developed. Today that little church is 'represented on the To slit the sliding mountain foreign field by two of its members- And raise the eternal tide; one in Africa and the other in Syria, and that young pastor has become a A man stood up in Panama missionary leader whose influence is And the mountain stood aside." nation-wide, and world-wide. His recent advice along this line is: Do we catch the prose behind the "If you want to interest your church poetry? The prose of the Panama in Missions ana develop leaders, don't Canal and the poetic standing aside of try to do all the work yourself. Send the mountains were shovel and pick, a delegation of your young people to and some one who dug, dug, dug. Even after the mountains stood aside there was landslide after landslide which meant dig again.

If the man who went down to Panama had given up in the face of difficulties, as easily as do some sum- mer conference delegates, never a mountain would have stood aside and never an eternal tide would have been lifted.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MRS. O. R. JUDD, BROOKLYN, N. Y., Representative of the Council of Women for Home Missions A MIGHTY MOVEMENT TOWARD million will be distributd among five RACIAL CO-OPERATION. other schools of the C. M. E. Churcli in amounts of $50,000 each. Besides T By President Albert Deems Betts. these sums, over $200,000 is to be set HE recent General Conference of aside for the development of our the Southern Methodist Church, African Mission in the Belgian Congo. which met in Atlanta, Georgia, was more responsive to the needs of our It is a most wise policy to lend the colored brethren than any General larger aid to Paine College in order to Conference since the War between the make it an institution of commanding States. Historians have generally importance and representative of the overlooked the fad that in the middle true spirit of Southern Methodism in of the last century Southern Method- her attitude to our colored brethren. ism was spending over $100,000 an- Altogether $400,000 is to go to Paine nually for missions to the slaves. So College; and, in addition, there will the present great advance is another be a substantial support given through case of history repeating itself; the the proceeds of the assessment for colspirit of the fathers has descended ored work. This will make it an inupon their grandchildren. And it is a stitution worth over a half million; glorious fact. and it can then provide for three times as many students as now, or nearly a To be more specific: (1) The Con- thousand a year. ference authorized an assessment for colored work amounting to $55,250 To sum up: Southern Methodism annually. This alone is an advance of proposes to raise in the next five years 250 per cent. at one stroke. Half of approximat.ely $1,200,000 to help train the funds so realized will be distrib- and equip a Christian leadership for uted by the Board of Education, and the Negro race. It is a mighty prothe other half will be administered by gram and worthy of our great Church, the Board of Missions. But the funds though by no means all that we ought will be used to aid in practically all to do. We will do still better as the phases of the work of the Colored years go by. In proportion to our size Methodist Episcopal Church. It is and means it is doubtful if there is understood that much of the aid ren- another Church in the nation that has dered will be upon the "dollar for dol- so large a program for this cause for lar" proposition, which is very wise, the coming four years. It is a great in order to stimulate a corresponding task we have set ourselves. But we generosity in behalf of wisely planned can do it, and by the Lord's help we and very important enterprises. will.

(2) The Missionary Centenary car- Only the Gospel of Christ can bring ries with it a program for raising men of varying clans and races into about $1,000,000 for the religious wel- helpful co-operation and mutual love. fare and training of the Negro. The This will be the supreme need of the Woman's Missionary Council proposes new era that is dawning upon the to raise about $250,000 for the cause, world, and the peace and prosperity of which $150,000 will go to Paine of all mankind for time and eternity Annex, Augusta, Ga. The Board of are dependent on the power of Him Missions proposes to raise $500,000, who reigns in both justice and love. of which $250,000 will go to Paine College,' and the other quarter of a Note.-The article by President Betts was sent to the editor with the request

that it be printed in the bulletin. While sion Home Missionary Volunteer the advance movement described is not Work in our country be raised in acthat of one of our Women's Boards, it cordance with adopted denominational plans or by a special "Home Mission is of interest to all members of the Coun- Volunteer Fund." cil of Women as an indication that the hopes of the years are finding fulfillment in the translation of purpose into defi- That "the stranger in our midst" is nite, intelligent action. We heartily con- upon the hearts of the Christian gratulate our Southern Methodist friends women of our land the above resolu- tion recently passed by the Minnesota on this great work in behalf of the Ne- Woman's Home Missionary Union gro race.-B. G. J.

Home Missionary Volunteer Resolution convincingly shows. In this connec- "Realizing that a great proportion tion it must ever be kept in mind that of the popUlation of the United States the consecration of the individual of America is composed of foreign worker depends above all on the con- peoples, who have come to our coun- secration of the home. Christian par- try to enjoy the privileges and the op- ents are primarily responsible both for portunities of a democratic govern- prayer for the advance of Christ's ment, yet are unchristianized and per- kingdom on earth and for the thrust- meated with erroneous beliefs and doc- ing forth and the equipping of the trines instilled under the adverse con- young men and young women who ditions of their native lands; and being shall be specially engaged in the convinced that these constitute a great King's service. To Christian fathers menace to our Christian ideals and the and mothers and to Christian teachers development of a strong Christian is committed the supreme task of so civilization for the present and for exalting by example and precept "the the future generations; Name that is above every name" that "Also realizing the existence of young people shall recognize in His similar needs and dangers among the service the highest privilege of their backward races native to our home- lives and joyfully devote to it every land, and the urgent need of conse- energy of life.

crated, trained and skilled workers World conditions today are teach- among all classes and conditions ing us anew the need not so much of among all peoples in our midst; the giving of money and the devotion "Therefore, be it resolved that we, of every material resource as the out- the members of the Minnesota Wom- pouring of life. In earthly warfare the an's Home Missionary Union, earn- soldier may be drafted. In the service estly request the Congregational of God the only soldier who count3 is Woman's Home Missionary Federa- the one who enlists, freely, voluntarily tion of the United States to present giving himself. What measure of to all Student Missionary conferences grace is needed in the Christian home or conventions, to all Y. M. C. A. and and church, what faithful teaching, to all Y. W. conferences or conven- what constant communion with the tions, and to a11 Christian Endeavor Father and close fellowship with the and Young People's organizations of Son to bring to pass such an enlist- all denominations in our country, the ment of volunteers-as will be ade- matter of volunteer work for Home quate to the world's needs!

Missions and that the names of these And do we ask as does the last para- volunteers be registered with their graph of the resolution, "What of the home missionary denominational money to provide for such an army?"

boards. The answer comes, "0 ye of little "Also realizing that money is need- faith !" Could He provide for those ed for the promotion of so great a who centuries ago said, "Lo, we have 'cause, left all and followed thee" and make "Be it further resolved that the their ministry felt throughout the funds for the promotion of an exten- length and breadth of the Roman -Em-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

pire, then will He provide today. All of their nation beating steady, quiet hail the volunteer! and strong; if they can so mobilize Mission Study Class Teachers that the front lines of battle can be held, what of the women of the The Council of Women for Home Church of God? Can they not mobi- Missions receives applications from lize on this one day to petition God teachers of Home Mission Study with prevailing power for the Classes who desire the endorsement of strengthening of the moral fiber of the the Council. It is the policy of the nation, for the relief of a bleeding Council not to ,advertise names but a list of available teachers is kept at world, for the redemption of a lost world? headquarters. Mission Study Classes in the Southwest can secure the name As we hold the home base of prayer of a possible teacher of Home Mis-' and service, the front lines of battIe sions by applying to Council head- in God's Kingdom will be held. Shall quarters, Room 1011, 156 Fifth Ave- it be so? nue, New York City. This applies to local classes in the fall or next winter. The program submitted by the Council of Women for Home Mis- sions for the observance of this day A CALL TO THE CHRISTIAN i~ merely sqggestive and may be WOMANHOOD OF AMERICA adapted to local needs.

A .. LL Christian women, of all de- MRS. LUKE JOHNSON, nominations, North, East, West Chairman Day of Prayer Committee.

and South, are requested to join in PROGRAM a service of prayer on November 21, Woman's Day Week of Prayer 1918–a union service, if possible, Theme: that there may be strength. Christian America The women of city churches, of vil- The Lasting Liberty Bond lage churches, of country churches, are called to unite in this day of pray- Arrow Points for er for America and its institutions, in this, its hour of gravest crisis. Thought and Prayer Perhaps no lesson of these war 1. Fundamental Principles of times ·is more apparent than that of Our National Government. organization, of speedy mobilization, The Kingdom of God. of concentration upon a given task. 2. A New Era The American government calls for In American National Life. money, for life, for prayer, and the In American Christian Life. nation responds.

The church is calling upon its 3. America's Leadership women to pour out their lives in Of Nations.

praver on this set day. Of Spiritual Forces.

"Ralph Connor" (Major Charles 4. The Call of the Hour W. Gordon) said: "If those women To the Nation. of France had not pushed their men To the Church. out to the front, and taken their places at home, France would never be hold- ing her line today." 1. Principles.

He further said: "If the women of . Scripture texts: Proverbs 14 :34 Britain had not pushed their men out and 16 :12. Psalms 33 :12; John to the front and rushed in millions to 8:36; Romans 14:17.

supply their places. in factories and State the principles of the Con- machine shops, Britain would never stitution of. the U njted States.

be holding her front lines today." State the principles of the If those wom~n can keep the heart Kingdom of God.

Pray for 2. The Church in America, that it 1. Our country, that it will hold may "brother all the sons of true to the Christian principles earth and make them sons of and ideals upon which it was God."

founded, and that it will share its 3. The Church-that it may make strength and opportunities with democracy safe for the world."

all mankind. 4. The Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C.

2. The Church, that it will not fail A., the Salvation Army, the to meet its present day test and of Chaplains, and all who minister bring all men to recognize the to the spiritual life our soldiers and sailors. Lordship of Christ and the su- premacy of His Everlasting 4. The Call.

Kingdom. Scripture texts: Romans 13 :1, 3. Victory for America and her Al- Galatians 5:1, Ephesians 6:11 lies, that righteousness and peace to 18, I Timothy 2 :1, 2.

may prevail in the earth. Outline the call to America in 2. New Era. this hour of world peril.

Scripture texts: Isaiah 42:9 to Outline the call of God to His 16; Daniel, 2 :20, 21. Church in this hour of crisis.

Indicate the changed condi- Pray for tions in the different phases of 1. The American Government, that our national life. it may ever be the defender of Indicate the changed emphasis free peoples and free institu- and the new situation facing the tions; that it may establish a uni- Church. fied English-speaking America, Pray for inspired with Christian ideals.

1. The wisdom of God to be given Repeat: to the rulers of our Government, God bless our loved land I Firm may she ever stand that in quietness and confidence they may find strength from God. Through storm and night. 2. The coming of justice and right- When tempests roar and rave eousness in the individual and so- 'Mid perils dark and grave, Do Thou our country save cial relations of our country. By Thy great might!

3. The Americanization and Chris- Pray for tianization of an races within our 1. The Chur<:h, that it may speedily bring about the mobilization of borders. 4. The men and boys who fight and Prayer Power Life Power bleed and die today for the free- Money Power . dom of the world. for the healing of the nations! 3. Leadership. 2. The Red Cross in all 'its forms of relief and unselfish service; the Scripture texts: Deuteronomy physicians and nurses and all 7 :6, Isaiah 2:2 to 4, Isaiah 55:5 who minister to those who suffer and die that the world may be and 60:1 to 5. free. Wherein is the new leadership Pray of the Nation? Wherein is the leadership of Grant us the Spirit of Speed, Thou knowest, 0 Lord, the need the Church emphasized? Pray for 1. America to set the standards of In the trodden highways, along the greatness for nations upon the bY-ways, standards of the Gospel of Christ, Where souls for the Gospel plead. Do Thou send us Lord, with Thy and that America may exist, not blessed Word, to serve herself, but to serve For they die so fast who have not mankind. yet heard. o give us the Spirit of Speed!

News Of War

AN ARMY AND NAVY CHURCH Navy, 2,231,831 Bibles, Testaments T HE Baptist Union Council of and portions. This has meant an Great Britain and Ireland has de- average output of over a thousand cided to form a Baptist Army and volumes every working hour, of every Navy Church, from which men can working day, during the twelve be transferred at the dose of the war months! to churches in their respective home districts. Forms of application and SOLDIER COMMENT ON I certificates of membership have been CAMP LIFE N order to reassure those who are prepared and sent to Baptist chaplains. The constitution provides that anxious about moral conditions in the church shall include those serving the camps, the pastor of the Dudley in the forces at home or abroad who Street Baptist Church, Boston, gives are already members of a Baptist the following quotations from two church and others who desire to be- among several letters he has received: come members on the basis of a dec- "From a Southern camp: I .want laration of repentance towards God, you to know that I am keeping up of faith in Jesus Christ, and a desire my Bible-study, prayer and church- to follow Him and to do His will. attendance. The men of my battery are a lot of fine, clean, moral fellows. Membership will be open to any can- I don't know just what would happen to a man who brought disgrace upon didates satisfying this requirement, his fellows by his actions. Weare though precluded by circumstances or standing for the best things. I do conviction from making a profession of faith by baptism. A register will not find the rottenness in the army I be kept of all who desire baptism as expected to discover. Men in the soon as opportunity permits. army, the same as in civilian life, find BIBLES BY THE MILLION companionship according to their de- sires. If a fellow wants. rottenness, THE World's Sunday School As- he can find those who will rot with sociation has supplied, from the him; if he wants clean living, he will find those who would die before they opening of war in 1914 to the end of would stain their souls or sacrifice 1917, to the soldiers on both sides their morals." approximately 1,500,000 Bibles, Testaments. and portions. From one in the Aviation Service: "The fellows in my corps are a very Since August, 1914, the British and clean lot, and very easy to get along Foreign Bible Society has distributed, with. I am delighted to learn that including several hundred thousand the moral conditions incidental to which the American Bible Society army life are far better than I was supplied them, over 7,000,000 Bibles, led to suppose by what I had heard Testaments and portions, not only and read previous to my enlistment. among the troops of the British Empire and her Allies, but also among The men with whom I am associated their foes, and in the ranks of their bitterest enemies. The National Bible come from some of the best homes of Society of Scotland has circulated our country; and while some fellows over 3,000,000 Scriptures among the use a good deal of profanity, still I· men of war since August, 1914. think we average as high in morality Since America entered the war the as any bunch of fellows to be found American Bible Society has issued, in in civilian life."-Christian Endeavor special bindings for the Army and World.

MSOUTHERN CAMP PASTORS odist Episcopal, the Baptist, and the EMBERS of the Methodist Epis- Roman Catholic. Among the candi- copal Church, South, in the dates are members of at least three State of Texas, have appropriated Roman Catholic orders and several $70,000 for the work of camp ·pastors. Protestant denominations, all working Thirteen thousand dollars has been and conferring together.

raised for this same purpose in Vir- The course covers a period of five ginia, according to Bishop Walter R. weeks and during instruction the can- Lambuth, chairman of the War Work didates receive salary and wear the Commission of the Methodist Episco- uniform of a private of the United pal Church, South. This money will States Army.

be used for the salaries of camp pas- tors and for the erection of tabernacles MINISTERS STUDY WAR AIMS outside the camps. Already six taber- UNDER the auspices of the Na- nacles have been erected in southern tional Com mit tee on the camp communities and eighteen camp Churches and the Moral Aims of the pastors are working among the vari- War a series of institutes have been ous cantonments. These camp pas- held at educational centers in differ- tors co-operate with the Y. M. C. A. ent parts of the country this summer, and Red Cross, so that there will be the fundamental purpose being to no duplication of effort. "Distinctive study how the churches may make the evangelistic work is also being accom- best use of their opportunities for war plished by these pastors," said Bishop service. The first institute was held Lambuth. at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., June 12th and 13th, and TRAINING SCHOOL FOR brought together more than one hun- CHAPLAINS dred ministers from six Southern TRAINING schools for chaplains states, Tennessee, Kentucky, Missis- have been established at several sippi, Alabama, Arkansas and Geor- points-one at Fortress Monroe, Va.; gia.

another in Texas and one at Louis- On the first day inspiring addresses ville, Ky. were delivered on such subjects as The Training School for Chaplains "Why We Are Fighting," "The New conducted by Maj. Alfred A. Pruden, City," "The New Social Order, and ;J chaplain of the Coast Artillery The Church in This Crisis." Sir Corps, at Camp Taylor, is modeled on George Adam Smith addressed the the lines of the Reserve Officers' Institute on "Great Britain's Message Training School. Stress is laid upon to America." The second day of the military affairs rather than upon the- Institute was devoted to an intensive ological instruction. All candidates study of the League of Nations movehave had the necessary theological ment, which is one of the stron~ education. Lectures are given to the points emphasized by the National chaplains on international law, mili- Committee and which looks· toward tary law; and military rules and regu- international reorganization after the lations, and conferences are held under the direction of experienced chap- war and the establishment of a League lains on general subjects connected of Nations. In its general outline the with their work. In addition to the meeting at Vanderbilt University is special hlstruction there have been like the Institutes which were planned held drills both in marching and in for other groups of ministers in the horsemanship. United States, at Amherst College, According to the Federal Council the University of Minnesota, Cornell of Churches, the faculty of the train- University, Piedmont College, Hamp- ing school includes representatives' ton Institute and other educational from -the Episcopal Church, the Meth- centers.

LATEST NEWS OF WAR WORK

SALVATION ARMY WOMEN deserves. The camp pastors are min- A IN FRANCE isters appointed by various denomi- GROUP of workers belonging national commissions to constitute a to the Salvation Army in Amer- connecting link between the men in ica sailed recently for France to re- training camps and the churches in inforce the 900 trained Salvation the adjacent communities. Their Army war workers engaged in relief work is not intended in any way to service in the battle zone. These duplicate or rival any work of the workers are frequently very near the Y. M. C. A. or the chaplains, but to front, and often under shell fire. The be supplementary to both. In some work done by these women has had cases the camp pastors have been defi- such a telling effect upon the Ameri- nitely assigned to units that were can forces that both the troops in the without regular chaplains, in which trenches and the military authorities case they have been known as "volun- of highest rank have voiced their un- tary chaplains." There are at the qualified appreciation aug approval. present time about 400 of these camp pastors, appointed in the main by ten NEW Y. M. C. A. AT of the largest Protestant denomina- CHARLESTOWN tions and perhaps 100 others ap- THE Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. pointed for at least parf of their time building at Charlestown, Mass., is by smaller religious bodies. Some of the most prominent ministers in the a center which is being much appre- churches are serving in the capacity of camp pastors. ciated by men in both branches of the service. The formal dedication took place on May 28th, with Governor FRENCH HOMES ASSOCIATION McCall, Mayor Peters of Boston, Rear Admiral Wood, U. S. N., and FRENCH women are forming the French Homes Association, which General Ruckman, U. S. A., as speakers. The building, which has sleep- is opening up homes of the finest kind ing accommodations for about 250 throughout France for the entertainmen, contains many club privileges ment of American army men. It is for both the soldiers and sailors. On an attempt on the part of the French the first floor there is a large lobby women to show that they are grateful and writing room, with a reading al- for the sacrifices the American women cove at one end, where are placed make for them by sending their men current magazines and newspapers so far away to fight in France.

from all parts of the United States. GENERAL HAIG'S FAITH N interesting incident, which il- A At the other end of the lobby there lustrates the Christian faith of a is a big fireplace. On the same floor there is a restaurant. Eighty-two bedrooms, for which moderate prices great general, as well as the value of the army chaplain's ministry in hours are charged, have been furnished, and of actual crisis is related by Major James M. Black, of Edinburgh, in addition the building contains game brother of Rev. Hugh Black and' a chaplain with the British forces. Writrooms, bowling alleys and an audi- ing to a friend, he said: "Two Suntorium to provide some kind of enter- days ago-the dark Sunday of the tainment every evening.-Congregationalist.

THE CHURCH IN THE CAMPS German push-I was at general head- quarters. Sir Douglas Haig was very THE work of the camp pastors is quiet. He came up and thanked me an important factor in the service afterwards for the comfort I had given him, and he remarked: 'Reof the Christian forces of the COuntry member, the battle is not ours, but and one which has not received as God's.' He is a sincere Christian." much recognition as in many cases it

FROM MANY

" J JAPAN-CHOSEN foundation of all pmhoilroasloitpyhyandanedthitchs~ APANESE leaders invite the full the basis of all co-operation of missionaries from Great Britain and America in conclusion of science. It teaches that the moral and religious development of their own country. No obstacles by following a proper method a man are put in our way by the government. OJ?- the other. hand there are many may become possessed of the reishi eVidences of mterest and apprecia- or spirit-force, of Tairei, the Great tion." So remarks Dr. C. J. L. Bates, Spirit, the ultimate reality, and dean of the College of the Canadian Methodist Church in Kobe, Japan. He t~rough reishi can do things impossaid in a recent interview: Sible. to physics. and physiology, in- "Japan is prepared industrially to take advantage of any opportunities cludmg: the curmg of physical disthat may arise. A few years ago she was believed to be on the verge of ease, hiS own and' that of others. A bankruptcy, but she has since become a creditor rather than a debtor nation. major-general, an admiral, and the Japan is qualified by educational leadership. She is the only nation in Asia chief paymaster of the Japanese Army with a public school system which definitely plans to educate all the peo- are among those who have adopted ple. In one generation 'Japan has passed from illiteracy to literacy. this new religion. A Tareido Asso- "But Japan recognizes that she is ciation has been formed, twelve memnot equipped morally and religiously. One of the leading Japanese officials bers of which were on April 1st to in Korea said to me, 'Korea stands in need of two kinds of salvation· one set forth as an evangelistic band with political and one religious. As far as the political is concerned, Japan will the object of evangelizing first Japan look after that; in so far as the re- .ligious life is concerned the only hope and then America and Europe.-C: of Korea is in Christianity. Other ~el~gions are 4ead and the only hope M. S. Review. IS m the teachmgs of Jesus Christ." Christianity a Permanent Factor AA New Cult in Japan NOTHER new religion has ap- "T HERE is abundant Heovlitdoennce~f" peared in Japan, which The writes Rev. D. C. Japan Evangelist says, is singular among the modern cults which are Tokyo in Missions, "that the Gospel ~pringing up as n:ushrooms, in that of Jesus Christ has established itself It .seems to .combme a rather lofty phllosophy with an exceedingly prac- as a permanent factor in the spiritual tical application to life and human life of the Japanese people."

sufferings. It is called Tareido, or A prominent Japanese Christian tMhoeri~GerieatTaSnpaikriat,-Woafy.ToIktyso,fouclnadiemr~ educator is of the opinion that in all that It is the source of religion, the Japan there are one million people who in their hearts believe in Jesus and follow Him, though the total membership of the Japanese Christiar: Church, including Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox communicants, is only about 300,000. About half of these are members of the Protestant churches. An evidence of the vigor of the Japanese Church is seen in the fact that the Three Years National Ev~ngelical .Campaign for Japan, which closed m July, 1917, and which was instituted and carried on mainlv through Japanese initiative, reported a total attendance of d8u0r0i~0g0t0heatthtrheee various meetings held years, and 27,000 decisions to follow Christ.

The principal ground for confidence in Christianity ai an established factor in the life of Japan is in the kind of of various saints of the Early Church. men who have responded to the call One Japanese pastor had clear views of Christ and who have committed on the subject, as the following incitheir lives to His cause. To the aver- dent shows: age American rea,der the names of these truly great Japanese Christian "Mr. Ikeda, whose health had leaders are unknown and unpro- broken down, devoted his time to a nounceable, but to one who knows translation of 'St. Bernard and His them they are true Samurai of the Times,' believing that the book would Spirit. be a message of inspiration to Japa- nese Christians. To a friend visiting Conversion of a Japanese Woman him in his poor lodging he confided his difficulties in finding a publisher T HE line of thinking which led because of the size of the work. The Madame Hirooka, a prominent friend suggested that St. Bernard was but little known and that a life Japanese woman, to become a Chris- of St. Francis of Assisi would be more tian)s thus reported in her own words acceptable to both publisher and pubin Asia: lic. Mr. Ikeda acknowledged the force of this view and said that he, too, "I wanted women to be good and revered St. Francis, 'but,' he said, 'St. I wanted to help them to improve their Francis stood for love alone–selfless, lot. I found that I could not accom- gentle, self-sacrificing love. There is plish what I desired without religion. great power in that, but it is not That conclusion sent me to study re- enough. There is evil in men's hearts ligion from the woman's point of view. and that evil must be fought against I found that there is no hope for wom- and subdued. Only so can men be en in any of the religions of the saved. Not St. Francis but St. Ber- Orient. They teach that from the nard is the man who combines in cradle to the grave women are inferior himself both these principles, love and to men. They regard women as evil. the aggressive fighting spirit, and so Confucian ethics, for example, teach I thought it would perhaps serve that fools and women cannot be edu- Christ best if I introduced St. Bercated. A woman cannot be a 'heaven- nard to the Japanese Church.' "- ly creature.' It teaches that it is bet- Record of Christian Wark. ter to see a snake than a woman, for the latter arouses passion. Japanese A Lay Missionary to Japan women have been so long oppressed by this kind of teaching that they no THE visit to Japan of Capt. W. H. longer stop to ask why. They are Hardy has been described by a afraid, like slaves. Then I began to read the Bible. I did not like some missionary there as "one of the most parts of it any better than I like the brilliant chapters of unofficial missionreligions of the East. . . . When I ary service in the history of modern re3id the gospels I found that Jesus times." He says: "All sorts of recmade no ' distinction between the ords have been broken by this 'simple sexes. I liked that. We are all, wom- sailor.' He is a hero of three wars, en as well as men, children of God. I who carries ten bullets and five silver came to the conclusion that the only ribs in his body besides a silver plate hope for the women of the Orient to in his skull; he is one of the two surattain their true position is through vivors of Commodore Perry's famous Christianity." band of voyagers who opened Japan to the western world; he has been St. Bernard for Japan feted and honored in Japan during the past five months in ways that no other SOME students of church history and commoner has ever been; and he has of missions might find it of inter- chosen as his pet name for himself one given him by admiring friends, est to analyze the value for the Christians of the Oriental races of the lives

'The Grandfather of Modern Japan.' I ca~ pray that he may become a But these and similar facts concern- Christian, and then he will be fully ing the old hero which have been repaid."

stressed in the papers and magazines The missionary tells also how, soon are not the things that have impressed after the Bible woman began to pray, us most. What has touched us most this physician, who is a man of high deeply is the five-months-Iong sermon rank, having been decorated by the he has preached and practiced on Emperor for bravery during the war God's love and international good feel- with Russia, began English lessons, ing. He has preached from scores of reading the gospel of John, and soon platforms and written in hundreds of became so interested that he asked to albums 'God is Love.' In many ways have the way of salvation fully ex- he has set an example that regular plained.

missionaries might well follow." AHow a Leaflet Bore Fruit T THE close of the service one A Family Day in Japan INNorth America, the observance morning in the' church at of a special week in February as Chungju, Chosen, a woman came up Father and Son Week has taken firm to the platform and said to the miSe root in thousands of churches and sionary: "Will not the pastor stop at Young Men's Christian Associations. my house on his way home tomor- This year for the first time the idea row?" Upon inquiry he learned that h~s been transplanted to Japan, and she was a former beer seller, notorious true to the genius of the Japanese, it for her vile – language. The next has been modified into Family Day. morning, as the missionary sat on the By a happy thought it was decided to little porch in .front of her store, she tie the observance up with the boys' told of her conversion. "Someone festival which comes on May 5th. Ac- handed me a leaflet one day as I sat cordingly, a number of churches and here seIling beer. I said I could not Y. M. C. A.'s celebrated the occasion read it but he told me to have my son on May 4th or May 5th by special read it to me. After my son read it suppers attended by patents andchil- he said: 'Mother, we just must become dren, mostly men and boys, by public Christians.' We talked it over and a addresses and special sermons, and by few Sabbaths later I went to church athletic and other entertainments. The and when the pastor asked all who festival bids fair to become art annual wanted to believe to stand, I stood.

event and may in time give. a Chris- Now my son and his wife and I all believe. We have stopped the beer tian content to the boys' festival. business and expeet to move away and AWorking at Her Religion farm for a living."

FAITHFUL Bible woman in 'Taiku, Korea, was very ill last Wayside Sunday Schools year, and went to the Japanese hos- HUNDREDS of Sunday-schools pital for treatment during an entire in Korea have started in the fol- summer. At the end of the time, lowing manner: A missionary well when she asked for her bill, the Japa- supplied with brightly colored pic"! nese physician in charge said, "I am tures at text cards goes to some vil- a Buddhist and you are a quistian, lage and sits under some tree or by but I see that you are working at the side of the road. Very soon chil- your religion and so there is no bill." dren gather in front of him to ex- Shortly after. that the Bible· woman amine him and hear what he has to came to one of the missionaries in say. The missionary says a few great distress and said, "How can I words and perhaps sings a verse or repay .him?" and then sudd~ly her two of "Jesus Loves Me" and gives face brightenfd and she said; "Oh, each of the children a' card and tells

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 70S

them to come again next Sunday and women, a class for city women being bring others. Next Sunday he comes held later, and all pay all their ex- to the same place and the children are pense of board and travel, as well as there to meet him. A few will per- a small tuition fee.

haps spell out with him a verse or a The beginners are taught reading, text. Some Sundays later the chil- Mark's gospel and a Bible catechism.

dren wiU look for his coming and the A certificate is given for good work, class will take on regular proportions, which is handed in the next year and and quite a number will join shyly in admits to the next higher division.~ the singing. It may be that a child The Korea Mission Field.

or friendly neighbor will offer his D house, yard or room and from that Devil Worship in Chosen time more or less regular work may EVIL worship among the Koreans be begun. Some "schools" have met is not a definite form of religion Sunday after Sunday through a long and is more or less difficult to explain. bitter winter under a tree by the road- Two classes of devils are worshipped side. Since these schools started only ~one class supposed to be malicious, a few years ago thousands and tho~­ the other of a more kindly nature. sands of children have been reached. Many things are done to' propitiate Just the other day a Korean said, them, even to the trimming of hats "When I used to go to such and such and providing fans for these demons. a village the children sang all sorts One Korean discovered a number of heathen songs, but now I hear only of weasels loitering about his home, 'Jesus Loves Me.''' and after calling in an his friends to First the children, then the home, talk over the unusual occurrence, he then the church. This is the story ih decided that its significance was that thousands of ·cases in Korea, as in he was soon to become a very wealthy other countries. man. With the hope of this great AClass for Korean Women wealth, he felt so kindly disposed to- ward the weasels that he built a house BOUT nine hundred Korean to accommodate them and every day women came to Pyeng Yang to prepared rice and food for them. But study in the general class in March. feeding weasels as well as his own There are old women and young, mid- household proved an expensive under- dle-aged women and girls, women in 'taking, and instead of becoming· a silk and women in coarse cotton, rich man, he found himself getting women with bundles on their heads poorer. It was then that he heard of and babies on their backs, women the "Jesus doctrine," and both he and footsore from many weary miles of his wife accepted it. After a time rough roads, alone and in groups of they invited a number of their Chris~ two, four or half a dozen, all pouring tian friends to help them burn all their into the Bible Institute on the opening devil possessions and now, with all day. There a committee of Korean traces of devil worship cleared away, women meets them and helps them they are finding joy in attending to find homes, as the school dormi- Christian services regularly.

tories accommodate but a few.. Any woman from the two hundred and CHINA seventy odd groups under the care of . Missionaries and Democracy Pyeng Yang· station of the Presby": WHILE missionaries do not med- terian Board may come to the city at . dIe in politics, it is true that the this time, have ten days of Bible American missionaries in China are study, see aU the foreign ladies and among the most active fortes working get the inspiration which comes froni for a true democracy.. One woulq worship and communion with a mul- suppose that the soldiFs. would de- titude· of believers. All are country stroy the lives and properties of mis-

sionaries, but it is cause for devout missionaries are fighting both typhus gratitude that both parties look upon and pneumonic plague; and seeking them as friends, and in many cases to care for the sufferers from the they have been used as mediators. It floods of last season. The British and was in the compound of the Reformed American ministers have sent the fol- Church Mission in the first days of lowing telegram to mission stations the fighting between northern and throughout China: "Conditions North southern soldiers around Yochow, China country district rapidly becom- Hunan province, that 3,000 women ing desperate. People eating leaves, and children sought refuge. Later bark, straw, corn-cobs. Fuel scarce, Mr. Beck reports that ten thousand . roof timbers and fruit trees used in- found refuge in the temporary sheds stead. Animals dead or sold. No on the Y ochow compound, and were grain for spring sowing. Robberies fed. increasing. Children abandoned, sold, One of the cheering facts amid the drowned.· Committee appeals Chinese warring factions is the widespread Christians raise $50,000, and help readiness to hear the Gospel. The raise $50,000 more from others."

missionaries have been brought nearer Rev. Emery W. Ellis, of the Amer- to the life of the people, and in the ican Board, writes: "The great plain time of intense suffering their mes- of Chihli has its thousands starving sage has been more welcomed than and its tens of thousands going about in the days of prosperity. These are begging and stealing. In thirty-eight the tidings that come from the field: chapel refuges 1,600 people are being "The door stands wide open for evan- fed and many of them are being gelization of all kinds. There is great taught the Gospel at the same time.

willingness to listen and less opposi- Great need and opportunity seemed to tion than ever before."-Reformed unite in this relief work. We have Church Messenger. been granted funds permitting 2,500 people to be fed, perhaps a hundred Encouraging Things in China of whom are feeble old men, the rest THE Rev. C. Y. Cheng, one of the women and children. The crowds of editors of the China Mission Year kneeling women appealing for food Book for 1917, speaks of three en- made a sight never to be forgotten, couraging features of the present sit- and the satisfaction of those who have millet gruel 'to eat is gratifying to uation : (1) Chinese Christians are see." more and more realizing their· re- sponsibility as Christians to serve the Symbolical Language in China Church, and laymen in particular show "THE missionary-who not only can greater keenness in evangelistic work; speak the Chinese language, but (2) there is a growing sense of cooperation and unity within the who is deeply conversant with its Church; and (3) churches and mis- written symbols as well, has an addisions, Chinese and foreigners, have tional and most valuable means of apnever been more friendly and have proach to the Chinese heart," says never understood each other's point Rev. Obed S. Johnson of Canton, in of view better. This has resulted in a The Missionary Herald. He continues: growing mutual respect. "The symbolism of the Chinese character is a source of constant sur- IGreat Suffering in China prise and delight. For instance, the sun and moon in close proximity indi- N any other days than these, when cates brightness; a man standing by stories of misery are coming in his words denotes faith or trustworthifrom all over the world, more atten- ness; when death and the heart are tion would be given to the plight of in combination, there is forgetfulness; the people in North China, where the when the pen~il spooks, the result is a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

book; fire under two pieces of wood was evidently the outgrowth of some indicates a blaze; a· knife near skin small misunderstanding on the part means to flay; ten words or remarks of a rough element among the Canton- imply a scheme; to seize or capture a ese soldiers, whose conduct was dis- woman implies getting married; a rat avowed and reprimanded by their own and a hole signifies escape; growing commanders. At one time there had rice and a knife stands for profit; been over a thousand refugees on the three carriages in a heap spell a crash, mission compound. The marvel is a calamity; while a dog, given an extra that when all else was looted and over- mouth, would quite naturally bark. It run, this spot escaped so well."

is even more interesting to note that, to the practical Chinese mind, the idea Interfering With Idol Merchants of poison was conveyed by the mother or woman of the house, upholding A N incident in China reminds us power and sovereignty; that the idea of Demetrius and his fellowof peace was conveyed by one woman craftsmen in Ephesus whose trade under a roof; and that the ideal em- was interfered with by the preaching blem chosen to represent the Chinese of the apostle Paul. A Chinese woman home, or household, is a pig under a came to the Methodist missionaries in roof. Such examples might be multi- Hinghwa saying: plied indefinitely." "You Christians are despoilers- taking away our trade and leaving us The Outbreak in Yeungkong to starve. Before you came with your songs and prayers I was earning FIGHTING in Yeungkong, South twelve cents a day making idol paper.

China, between the local troops All the women of our village are mak- and some northern soldiers had led to idol paper day and night, so that the such a serious situation that the mis- fame of this place has gone over the sionaries there sent to the American country. . Christianity may be Consul in Canton for help. An Amer- good if you are rich, but what of us ican gunboat, then in Hongkong, was in this village? You tell us not to sent to their relief, and Rev. Charles make idol paper, that it is sin-but E. Patton, of the American Presby- what else can we do?"

terian mission in Kochou who was one Mrs. W. N. Brewster writes that of the two missionaries in the party, she needs money-capital to start a describes what happened: new industry for the women of the "A sad sight enough the city pre- village. If it is weaving, there must sented. Every shop had been looted, be looms and-material supplied, wages the doors shattered and patched up for apprentices and teacher. Not until with bits of box boards. Bullet holes were everywhere. The streets were the Truth is combined with economic almost deserted, the people having fled freedom will the people of China be to the country, and they looked more free.

like horse stables than anything else. A Chinese Student's Testimony The fine big church building was a T'AO WEN TSUING, a student in pile of broken bricks, a complete Nanking University, writes of his wreck. The situation had been very grave a few days before. Just then decision to follow Christ: "For about the Cantonese army had driven the four years my heart has been a battle Northern troops of Lung Chai Kwong field. Jesus Christ and Satan have beyond to the Kochou region. struggled for possession of it, and Jesus has won the victory. From this "There seemed to be several sup- time forth, I am a follower of Jesus. posed 'causes' of the outbreak, no one I have not Gome to Him becailse of in itself being important, but all con- some improper benefit which I expect current and contributing to the un- to get from Him. If there is anyfortunate outcome. The whole affair

thing I despise, it is the man who is Prayer With a Magistrate always asking, 'What can I get out of it ?' I have come to believe in Jesus I N his country tours Rev. Charles largely through the study of a book by E. Scott of Tsingtao has had some Prof. Jenks, of Cornell University, en- extraordinary experiences with Chititled 'The Social Principles of Jesus nese officials, which have been re- Christ.' ferred to the Review. He tells the story of a call on one of the county "I cannot go into detail as to what magistrates, "a very wide-awake man, part of Christ's teaching is important, keen-eyed and eager. He spoke Engbut I must say that that which has lish fairly well and knew considerable made me want to be a follower of of world politics. I talked to him ear- Jesus is His teaching that we should nestly about Paul, and he surprised love all men as ourselves. This princi- me by his assertion of belief in the ple is clearly brought out in the book true God and praying to Him and mentioned. In addition to this, in my seeking His guidance in making hisstudy of history, I have noticed that decisions as a magistrate, and trying the leaders and philosophers and to render those decisions according to scientists, that is, a large proportion a good conscience. As the conversaof them, are firm believers in and fol- tion progressed about things spiritual lowers of Jesus Christ, and that those he seemed really eager as to how to who were not owed their knowledge know the will of God. I pointed him of philosophy and science directly to to John 7 :17, showing that assurance Jesus Christ, His teaching and His is not so much a matter of learning Church. . . . Fellow students, I as being willing to follow God's teachmost heartily commend to you Jesus ings as laid down in the Bible. Then Christ."-The Christian Observer. he pulled out a flne edition of the New Testament and we talked over IThe General's Wives several passages relative to Patti's N whatever field they meet the great choice. Finally he asked rue to problem, missionaries uniformly pray with and for him, which I did, insist that candidates for baptism with while several secretaries and henchmore than one wife shall give up all men peeked through the door and but one before they can be admitted listened eagerly. to church membership. General Wu of the province of Kiangsi, China, is "The evangelist and pastor who aca famous man and a Christian. But companied me were amazed to see unfortunately, though an ardent sup- this spirit in the magistrate. Inasmuch porter of the Methodist Episcopal as we came to ask him to give his Church, he is not a member because support to establishing a chapel in his he has two wives, neither of whom he city, you can imagine the amazement is willing to give up. Both the and delight of these two Christian women and all of his children have workers." been baptized, but the general explains his position by saying, "One of MALAYSIA these women is the mother of my children; I cannot desert her. The other TOpium Trade Not Dead is young and beautiful, and I love HE opium trade is by no means her." So the old general contents dead as yet, and the morphia trade himself with holding preaching serv- is increasing and working great ruin ice for his troops on Sunday and do- in the Far East, according to Rev. E. ing mission work during the balance L. Thwing of the International Re- form Bureau. Officially the opium of the week. trade, from India to China, has come to an end, but a report was published last year in Bangkok, Siam, that an agreement had been made with India to sell opium for five years to Siam,

1918J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Singapore, Malay Federated States, INDIA Dutch Indies and Hongkong. A Social Service Exhibition Dr. Thwing has visited this year all of these places, and has been surprised THE subject of social service is one at the great extent of the opium trade, that has made an increasing appeal and the large number of opium smokers. In 1915-16 the largest item of to Indian students, and this has per- revenue in Siam was from opium, be- haps been especially true in Bengal. ing more than from all of the customs The growing interest in the subject and land tax combined. In the Dutch was expressed in a social service ex- East Indies, the profit to the Dutch hibition held in Calcutta last spring. government in 1916 was over $12,000,- 000, an increase of 100 per cent. in The secretary of the Bengal Social ten years. The increase in the capital, Service League and the secretary of Batavia, for the year 1915-16 was 41 the College Branch of the Young per cent. With its many opium dens, Men's Christian Association were Batavia is one of the worst opium joint secretaries of a committee, sesmoking cities in the world. Opium lected from prominent citizens whose is distributed freely to the thousands enthusiasm for social service is of people throughout the islands, and acknowledged, and formed for the it is claimed that it is simply to meet purpose .of holding a Social Service the demands of the Chinese. During Exhibition during the Easter vacalast March Dr. Thwing visited the tion. . Charts, photographs and models large centers of Chinese in Java and -..yere collected, and such subjects as Sumatra, and without exception the sanitation, personal hygiene, child Chinese voted at their public meetings welfare, education, temperance, ecoto ask that the trade stop. This has nomics and co-operation dealt with. also been done in Siam. Several lantern lectures and demon- strations were also given, and the ex- A Chain of Hospitals Planned hibition met with very well deserved success. It was visited by over 5,000 THE American Methodists in Java people. are planning for a series of mis- The Exhibition Committee is a sionary hospitals to be scattered over separate body, independent alike of the the Netherlands. Indies, manned by a Bengal Social Service League and the capable surgeon and staff working in Y. M. C. A. The exhibition over, it co-operation with an evangelist; the still remains a permanent independent doctors to meet the physical need of the body, whose functions are to store, people and the evangelist with his to prepare and lend charts and to prostaff of native preacher-teachers to mote future exhibitions. follow up and clinch the work of the medical missionaries. Most of the Encouraging News from India money for building the hospitals, as well as subsidies for salaries of nurses REV. ALDEN H. CLARK of the and physicians can be obtained from Marathi Mission of the American the Dutch government. The problem, therefore, is not money but men. Board brings an optimistic report of conditions in India. He states that the Ninety per cent. of the people of church is on the verge of a mass move- Java are diseased in one way or an- ment .towards Christianity in the other, according to the estimate of E. Marathi field, and needs only the W. Allstrom, missionary teacher from money and the men to bring it to Soekaradja, Java. Before we can pass. Such a movement would be teach the people the love of God we more significant than those in North must make them believe in the love India from the fact that this work lies of man through ministering to their among the energetic and thrifty farmdiseased bodies. ing class rather than among the out- castes, as in the north. These farmers are already convinced of the truth of Christianity and might speedily be

brought over if they had the proper Christians," writes Professor John attention. One native pastor told Mr. McKenzie of Wilson College, Bombay, Clark he could receive 1,000 converts in the International Review of Miseach year, if he had teachers for his villages. sions, "but once we go beneath the Mr. Clark estimates the Christian terms to the connotation in which they population of India at 5,000,000, a are used and the system which they growth of 1,500,000 since he went out represent, what seemed identical is thirteen years ago. He finds a cor- seen to be separated by an impassable responding development of character gulf. The present-day religiolls diletand ability in the Indian Christians. tante who dabbles in Eastern mystic- In self-expression, in powers of ism enthusiastically quotes the sayings leadership and in the willingness to of Hindu sages on purgation, union support their own institutions they with God and so forth, sublimely unare gaining in a way to gratify the conscious of the essentially unethical supporters at home. He prophesies conception of purity and communion that India, with her rich intellectual with God that form their background. endowments and her mystical quali- As illustrating the influence of the ties, when properly disciplined by Hindu religious mind at its best, in its western education, will make a note- contempt for wealth, place and power worthy contribution to the Church it sets an example to a world that has Universal. been far too slow to accept Christ's transvaluation of values; its ethical A Padre's Message to Americans weakness stands revealed in the ab- sence of any sense of sin." ONE of the most devoted workers in Meerut District, India, is a dis- TThe Hindus Were Interested HE baptism of some Brahmin boys trict superintendent known as "Padre in the holy Hindu city of Madura, Gordon," who was born a Moham- so aroused the non-Christians that the medan. .He supervises a district forty missionaries, going into the city aftermiles long by twenty wide, with thirty- wards, at first feared that meetings two preachers under him and five hun- might cause riots. Instead of this, such dred villages to look after. In the crowds of interested people came that last five years he himself has baptized it was necessary to secure a larger five or six thousand converts. meeting place. Interest was so intense that the leaders of the opposition were Asked what he would like to send unable to accomplish anything, and as his message to his fellow-Metho- Christianity became the vital issue dists in America, he replied. : throughout the city. The Christian workers have found many inquirers as "We always pray for you,; we are a result of the meetings.-Methodist thankful for the help you give us both Centenary Bulletin. in money and in missionaries. Weare also thankful for the help of Jesus Buddhist Methods in Ceylon Christ. We are all merely helpers with Him. The big work of breaking A MOVEMENT in Ceylon which up the ground has been done by the has done much to revive interest missionaries. May the light of in Buddhism is called "The Sinhalese Christ fill all India! Surely India, National Movement." The leaders with your help, will become entirely identify Buddhism with Sinhalese pa- Christian. We give you our salaams." triotism, and urge upon the people -Christian Advocate. that loyalty to the nation implies loyal- ty to the religion. Christianity is de- " A Hindu Religious Ideas scribed as alien. One chief aim of S far as language goes, many the movement is to popularize Budd- passages from the Hindu writ- hism, and Christian methods are being ings might have been written by Christians, and can he appropriated by

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

closely followed. Formerly Buddhist boarding schools and other instituleaders showed no interest in educa- tions, must be re-opened. When this tion. But under the stimulus of this work among the Christians of the new movement, and with the help–es- country is revived and possibly expecially the financial help–of Euro- tended, there is no saying what it may pean and American theosophists, these grow to in the days of unparalleled leaders, during the last twenty-five or opportunity which are now upon us." thirty years, have opened opposition schools in a great many villages where The Sunday-schools in Jerusalem Christians were already teaching. Frequently, when the Christian school has REV. STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE, been ruined and closed, the Buddhists the secretary of the World's Sunhave also closed their school and left the village without any means of edu- day-School Association for Moslem cation. Buddhists are also opening Lands, who has been doing such efopposition Sunday-schools wherever fective relief work in Jerusalem, writes Christian Sunday-schools exist. They of having visited there the Sundayhave open air services and preaching schools, which, as he says, "have pluckhalls where Buddhist preachers con- ily held on during all the hard times duct services, with "a sermon, very under the Turks. The school at the much after the manner of Christian American Colony has never missed a services.-The Australian Missionary Sunday and the same is true of the Review. Blind School under Miss Lovell, who is one of the two Englishwomen who MOSLEM LANDS stayed on through the three years of war; again and again the Turks threat- Reconstruction in Palestine ened to take her house and turn her out on the street, but in each case God ONE of the results of the British mercifully overruled the threat. Two occupation of Palestine is the re- Sunday afternoons I spoke to the girls in this school; it was a great inspiration construction work. The Church Mis- to listen to their singing; they know sionary Society asks for $50,000 for English better than any pupils I have the restoration and equipment of dam- met in the Near East. The Arabicaged and looted hospitals, and $75,000 speaking church founded by the Chrisfor rehabilitating the general work of tian Alliance has also kept up the Sunthe Mission. The Gleaner summarizes day-schools, most of the pupils being some of the special needs: Armenian refugees. The large Ger- man industrial orphanages maintain "Our hospitals at Gaza, Jaffa, Nab- Lutheran Sunday-schools." lous and Salt must be restored, equipped and re-opened as opportunity EUROPE offers. Already, at the request of the military authorities, work has been re- Further Steps Toward Unity sumed at Gaza (in tents), and the hospital at Jaffa will be re-opened im- REFERENCE has been made in the REVIEW to the First Interim Remediately, to provide against the port of a committee appointed by the spread of epidemics among the people. Archbishops of Canterbury and York The hospital at Gaza being badly and by representatives of the English damaged, Dr. Lasbrey, who hastened Free Churches' commissions, in conup from Old Cairo hospital when the nection with the proposed World Con- Turks were driven back, has been car- ference on Faith and Order. rying on the work of mercy in tents. This report consisted of (1) a state- "Then there is the educational side ment of agreement on matters of of the Palestine Mission to be pro- Faith; (2) a statement of agreement vided for. As our army advances, the on matters relating to Order; (3) a forty day schools for boys and girls statement of differences in relation to in towns and villages scattered over matters of Order which require furthe whole country, as well as the

ther study and discussion, and was in- Technical School advertised for a tended not as a basis of reunion for teacher of English, and Senorita Christendom, but to prepare for the Digon applied to take the competitive consideration of such a basis 'at the examinations. In spite of her being a projected Conference. . woman, without one dissenting voice, The Second Report carries out this the committee elected her. It was the idea and states: "The visible unity of first time that a woman had ever pre- the Body of Christ is not adequately sented herself as a candidate for such expressed in the co-operation of the a post. Later, the committee was in- Christian churches for moral influence formed that the young lady whom they and social service, though such co- had appointed was a Protestant, but in operation might with great advantage spite of strong opposition, the Senorita be carried much further than it is at Digon was installed in the position, present; it could only be fully realized and f'Or two years has held her post- through community of worship, faith a woman and a Protestant-in the City and order, including common partici- Technical School.

pation in the Lord's Supper. This A would be quite compatible with a rich Returning Italians are Protestants diversity in life and worship." RECENT visitor to Italy reports ASalvation Army and Germany a conversation he had with a leading Protestant minister in Rome, CCORDING to a report received which should encourage those who are at the headquarters in New York engaged in home missionary work late in July, the Salvation Army in among Italians here. He says: Germany and Austria has been wiped "I had remarked that our American out of existence by order of the Kaiser, churches were doing missionary work not only because the organization was among the Italians coming to 'our founded in England and was devel- shores, but that I had seen small oped from that country, but because results.

Salvationists from all over the earth "'Do not become discouraged,' he are fighting under the various flags said, 'for you are building better than of the Allies. you know. Every Italian returning to There are over 100,000 Salvationists his native land from America is a now in the trenches and bearing arms. Protestant, converted through a touch All of the orphanages, rescue homes, with your atmosphere and institutions.

lodging houses, hospitals and corps When we go into a new community, headquarters belonging to the organi- we first inquire for some man who has zation have long since been confiscated, been to America. With scarcely an and the Salvation Army as such has exception we are able to establish a been put out of existence, so far as the Sunday-school and church in his home.

Central Powers are concerned. Its These men are the pillars of Prot- members are scattered in many direc- estantism all over Italy. The best mis- tions. They have not been permitted sionary work we could do would be to to communicate with their London send the people to America and then headquarters since the war started. bring them back again. You will not A Protestant Teacher in Spain be likely to establish any close connec- tions between the Italians and your CHRISTIANITY in Spain has heen American churches. But keep up your promoted by the daughter of the work. When they return they are no pastor in San Sebastian. Senorita longer Catholics.' "

Pepita Digon was a pupil of the Colegio Internacional and later studied to A New Bishop in Athens be a trained nurse in a London hos- BISHOP MELETIOS META- pital. When she returned to San TAXIS, the new Metropolitan of Sebastian two years ago, the City Athens, whose predecessor was a pro-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

nounced reactionary, seems likely to many calls for money, of course, and bring a new spirit of reform into the I can quite understand that it may be- Church in Greece. He stands above come more difficult than ever to ob- all for the autonomy of the Greek tain money for missionary enterprises, Church. He aims at the restoration of but that the work undertaken should the old synodical system-the system be continued and continued . . .

which anticipated the representative at its full force, seems to me of capital constitution upon which the peoples necessity, and I for one hope that there of civilized Europe pride themselves. may be no slackening or recession of The present administrative system any sort. . . .

must gD—–'a system imposed on the "Cordially and sincerely yours, church from without, according to "WOODROW WILSON."

which not all the bishops meeting to- ASunday-school a War: Necessity gether in synod, but only a certain T the quadrennial convention of number selected in rotation or other- the International Sunday School wise, carryon the administration of Association, which was attended by the church. more than 2,000 delegates from over forty states and provinces, it was re- As for the clergy, he longs to see the ported that the total membership of the day when no one will be able to re- schools of the association, which emproach them with lack of education, braces the North American continent, and to this end the monasteries must is 20,649,797. be recalled to their first object. They must once again become schools of Rev. Dr. W. O. Thompson, president prayer and theological seminaries, and of Ohio State University, was elected president for the next quadrennial. no longer be degraded to "academies of craftsmanship." To the Synod of Among the speakers was Marion Athens is assigned the care of the scat- Lawrance, who said in the course of tered orthodox communities abroad, his address: "The present conditions and foremost among them are those in on our continent and in the world are the United States; one of its first acts such as to constitute Sunday-school will be to send to the Greeks in Amer- work a war necessity. We all ica a bishop "capable of contributing gladly contribute to the war relief to the higher appreciation of the Or- agencies for the comfort and efficiency thodox Church." of our brave boys ia khaki. They de- NO~TH AMERICA serve it all and more than we can do. We must not forget, however, that President Wilson and Missions ten boys between eighteen and twenty- five remain at home for everyone who A MISSIONARY of the Woman's goes to the front, to say nothing of Foreign Missionary Society, now the millions of younger boys and girls and children. The future of the naon furlough, addressed a letter to tiondepends upon the moral and re- ligious training of these young lives;" President Wilson, in which she asked the question: .

"Do you agree with me if Missions have justified their existence, this is a time when they should not only be The Kennedy School of Missions maintained in spite of the war, but THE officers of the Kennedy School urged on because of the war?" She of Missions, Hartford, Conn., state received the following reply, dated at that the enrollment during the last ses- the White House, December 5, 1917: sion has been the most encouraging "I entirely agree with you in regard in the history of the school. Next year to the ~missionary work. I think it special lectures are to be given by Prof.

would be a real misfortune, a mis- D. J. Fleming of India, Dr. fl. Karl fortune· of lasting consequence, if the W. Kumm of Africa, on the History of missionary program for the world Christianity in Africa. Mrs. Agnes should be interrupted. There are Leaycraft Donohugh, M. A., will lec-

ture on African Native Life, including Among the difficulties, he places the customs and social organization. Miss indifference of the educated classes to Jean Kenyon Mackenzie will discuss religion, the fondness of the people work among the women of Africa. for the forms to which they hav!! been Rev. James Dexter Taylor, D.D., of accustomed, and the tendency of those NataI, reviser of the Zulu Bible, is also at home to generalize, as if all South announced. The other courses· con- America were one.

tinue as usual. Among the necessities, Mr. Inman feels that, in the first place, the TDoukhobors Going Back emphasis which has hitherto been laid HE announcement that Peter Veri- upon preaching must be somewhat gin, the leader of the more than lightened and diverted into channels 10,000 Russian Doukhobors, has de- of ,social service. "Latin America clared his intention of returning to needs a gospel of social power," and Russia with his followers, has caused to this end the hearty co-operation of a sensation in Canada. Fifteen years all forces, eliminating denominational ago the illiterate peasant "spirit-wres- emphasis, should be employed; par- , tIers," as their name implies, were dis- ticularly the scattering of forces in liked as religious fanatics, who herded the education of future generations of together in community houses, and, workers must be avoided. Provision though peacable and industrious peas- should be made for reaching the people ants, refused to conform to Canadian through native workers thoroughly laws and regulations or to accept na- trained. And further, close touch tionality. But the Canadians have must be kept between the foreign field found out that they are good colon- and the home base. At home the di- rectors must send level-headed and ists, if poor citizens. ,Brilliant, in British Columbia, is open-minded men to the field; and must one of the great Doukhobor centers have confidence in the recommendaand the socialist's Utopia. Here the tions and follow out the suggestions community is wholly self-contained made by those who know the condiand in contrast to the modern city, tions. Especial care must be taken not there are no anxieties concerning the to awaken antagonism at the outset by source of the next day's needs. There injudicious polemics against Roman are evidently no divisions between Catholicism, which is the state religion "mine" and "thine," no jealousies or in all these countries.

envy over the possessions of another, A for no man is richer than his fellow. Gambling Outfit for Mission One member of the executive does all NOTED gambler, who came un- the outside selling and buying, and all der the influence of the Gospel in moneys received are turned over to the the Presbyterian mission in Guatemala treasury. Money has no purchasing and was converted, confessed he was value within the community. All the in fact nothing but a plain robber- necessaries of life are doled out with- tha~ he had been robbing people out it by the various departments in through his roulette and fortune charge. wheels. Naturally, he wanted to get LATIN AMERICA rid of the implements of his nefarious IPlans for Cooperati.on trade immediately. He couldn't con- scientiously sell them, so he decided to N his valuable booklet on Latin destroy them. But another thought America, Rev. S. G. Inman enum- came to him one day, and he brought erates among the factors favorable to the entire outfit to the mission and missionary effort the attitude of in- offered it for the purpose of teaching creasing friendliness to North Amer- the sin and folly of gambling.

ica, due in part to the war, and a In front of a group of young men growing hunger for spiritual things. and women, the converted ex-gambler

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

took his machines apart and showed very keenly that they are losing ground the young people how the magnets politically. It has thrown Christensecreted inside could be operated at dom and Christ into their thoughts as wjlJ by the owner, how the dice were never before. They are face to face loaded, and how in every way the with a new world situation which fills fortune was turned to the benefit of them with dread. the man running the game. The exhibit was an.object lesson which no one "The battlefield has changed in could forget in a hurry, and the outfit Egypt within the last decade as reis now the property of the mission. . gards the line of opposition to gospel preaching. Formerly the arena of the TAn Argentine Philanthropy conflict was the Koran and Tradition; HE report that comes from Tres now it is the Bible. Moslems are try- Arroyos, Argentina, that an evan- ing everywhere to prove from our gelical orphanage is being started, Scriptures the incorrectness of our which is to be supported locally, indi- teaching and are trying to read Moscates not only that a much-needed lem truths into the Christian Gospel. philanthropy is under way, but that the "evangelicals" have won the confi- The general opinion seems to be dence of the town. The committee that at present there is a greater willconsists of members of the church, but ingness to conyerse along religious when the people of the town heard lines and that the corruption of the about it they responded in a remark- Gospels and the stumbling block of able fashion. No less than three build- the incarnation and the atonement are ing sites were offered as donations, less referred to than formerly. . . . and at the end of the year £1,800 in There is increasing interest in a comcash was in hand. Nor was this all. parison of the cardinal points that dis- A lawyer drew up the title-deeds free tinguish the two religions; increasing of charge; an architect contributed friendliness in the villages of the Delta the plans and is supervising the build- is due, we are told, to their appreciaing work as his donation; 25,000 bricks tion of missionary character and the and a large quantity of other materials Christian ministry of kindness."- have also been given; while the rail- United Presbyterian. 'way company has offered to carry materials, freight free, and has presented Sultans in Mission Schools old rails for the necessary girders. The mayor has promised a municipal grant CANON R. H. LEAKEY, of the of .£200 a year towards the upkeep, Church Missionary Society, who and nearly forty diildren are awaiting admission. It will accommodate last year took up his residence at Buseventy. The foundation stone was koba, in the county of Buwaya, in Gerlaid in December, and the build- man East Africa, says that it is diing is going up, the work being done vided into nine sections under "sulby a member of the Juarez Church tans," who resemble the county chiefs and his four SOns. The cost will be of Buganda, save that the office of the about £3,500. former is hereditary. Three of these "su!tans," who are minors, have been AFRICA sent to school in Buganda-two of them to the Kampala high school of DR. The Attitude of Moslems in Egypt the C. M. S., and the third to a Ro- man Catholic school. Of the others- s. M. ZWEMER sums up as one, the Sultan of Kiziba, is under Protestant instruction for baptism, two foHows the results of a question- have professed to join the Roman Canaire sent out to some forty workers tholics, and one is a Roman Catholic, in Egypt concerning the lines along baptized in Budu some years ago. which Moslems are thinking today: Since Buwaya has come under British rule there has been a real movement "The war has made Moslems feel towards Christianity, and Canon

Leakey is constantly being asked for It has become difficult to keep the teachers.. But they need to be edu- schools supplied with teachers, while, cated men.-C. M. S. Review. notwithstanding all the efforts of the missionaries, any adequate visitation "WE Methodist Work in East Africa of the schools is a physical impossi- have been fighting against bility. This last is a factor of the great odds," writes Rev. P. W. utmost importance, for even the best native workers are apt to get slack and Keys of the M. E. Mission in Inhambane, East Africa. "Storms and heavy discouraged ih the absence of effective rains have continued through more ~ supervision."

than twelve weeks. There will be no crops and thousands of people will be "New Africans" compelled to live on leaves, roots and ",THIS huge in~ustrial. center of herbs, such as they will be able to find Johannesburg IS a mIghty force in the forests. in the transition of the olacks from the "The great hope for the evangeliza- simple communal life of the tribe to tion of Africa lies in the children. As the individualism of modern times,"

we bring the message of repentance writes Dr. F. B. Bridgman in the Mis- and salvation to crowds of heathen sionary Herald. "How to help them people, or even now and again to in- make readjustment to the new order is dividuals, we often find the older peo- a problem as fascinating as it is diffi- ple saying, 'I am too old now. I cult. Under native custom, marriage couldn't change my life, for I am so is a tedious, round-about, go-between accustomed to heathen practices.' But affair-months of negotiations as to even when we fail to win the older the cattle to be paid, and then years people, we usually find them not only to find the cattle before you get the willing but anxious for us to take girl. Think of the shocking directness their children and teach them the 'Way of this 'ad' bya young Zulu, in the to believe.' And that is just what we last native paper on my desk. I copy are trying to do. Hundreds of such the wording, which is in English: children are now in our schools, mostly " 'WANTED-Smart, respectable, in the out-stations. In a short time attractive young Lady to correspond they go about as far as the native with a gentleman in good situation teacher _can carry them, and they are (flO monthly), very good home.

now clamoring for something more View, Matrimony. Please write for than our present equipment affords." his photo with strict confidence to "Chef," P. O. Box 1624, Johannes~ " W War Time in Nyasaland burg. Applicants must not be over E doubt whether it is in the nineteen years of age.'

power of anyone at home," "How's that for the new native!

says the quarterly Tidings of the Eng- And now, in this morning's paper, lish Industrial Mission in Nyasaland, prominence is given to a native boy- "to measure the demands upon the cott of certain stores in a large section European and the native populations of the Rand. The boycott is well or- of Nyasaland which have been made ganized, with pickets posted about all by the war. In newspapers lately re- the tabooed shops."

ceived from Africa it is stated that no less than 167,000 natives have been ISLANDS OF THE SEA called up for the transport service, and Films of the Philippines though the whole of these have not SUNDAY-SCHOOL life in the been taken from Nyasaland, we have Philippines is being brought vivid- to face the fact that many of our tIlest ly before home audiences by some fine reliable native helpers have gon~"'- in moving pictures whic;:h have recently addition to the white missionaries, wno been taken by Rev. Jf L. McLaughlin, are being held in -government serviee: Sunday-school Secretary for the Phil

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ippines, representing the World's Sun': Testament in 1914. It was not an easy day School Association. The first film task, for the Japanese type-setters did shows the large city school, and the not know a word: of Tagalog, and country "barrio" Sunday-school. made thousands of mistakes both in Teachers are pictured as they leave the print and in the references; and it the morning church service and then took steady reading of proof, eight proceed to some outlying station to hours a day for six months, to finish. conduct a Sunday-school. They take with them the needed lesson supplies, A Pioneer Japan Missionary as well as the baby organ. The large O N July 4th Miss Julia N. Crosby adult Bible class in Manila is seen as died at the age of eighty-five in the members marched out at the close Yokohama, Japan. She was one of of their session on the day when 717 the first of the women missionaries to were present. The class began with that country, being associated with the but twenty and after calling them- Hepburns, Ballaghs and other workers selves "We Brothers of 99" started to of the pioneer days. She was the oldgrow. One of the thrilling parts of est lady missionary living on the field. the film is when the audience sees the special train of Sunday"school dele- Miss Crosby, with two associates, gates on their way to the great con-; Mrs. Samuel Pruyn and Mrs. Louise vention in Manila. Sunday-school pa- H. Pierson, both widows, arrived in rades are shown, as well as games of Japan in July, 1871, under the austhe children and many native scenes. pices of the Woman's Union Mission- That film closes with a .fascinating ary Society of America. A day-school "Thank you" by a little Filipino girl, for girls under another mission had who is expressing appreciation for all been started, but these ladies opened the help given by the Sunday-school the first Girls' Boarding School in the friends in America. Empire. This boarding-school, now known as Doremus School, is located Difficulties in the Tagalog Bible at 212 Bluff, Yokohama. For many years Miss Crosby was superintendent GIVING the Word of God to any of the Japan work. people for the first time in their own tongue always means a great OBITUARY NOTES deal of painstaking work. For in- Harvey C. Olin stance, it took almost unlimited patience to put the English Bible into HARVEY C. OLIN, for twenty- Tagalog for the Filipinos. There are one years treasurer of the Presmany words in English and Spanish which have no equivalents in the dia- byterian Board of Home Missions, ·lects spoken in the Philippines, and died July 3rd, in the Lakeside Hoswhen dialect fails, the translator is pital of Chicago, aged 65. Mr. Olin, compelled to substitute Spanish or who had been ill for nearly two years, went last year to Chicago, to be under English words. Also, the lack of uni- the care of a medical friend in Lakeformity in the meaning of words is a side Hospital. In a memorial meeting big obstacle. In Tagalog a word that of the Home Board, July 5th, the means "blue" in one town, in the next speakers mentioned particularly Mr. village will mean "gray." The word Olin's great sympathy with the mismeaning "cup" will also be misunder- sionary on the field. A well known stood as "jar" or as "jug." "Pro- worker among the Indians and another phet" may be totally misul1derstood as worker in Alaska spoke of his ready such five miles away, and will there response to every call. To an offi~e associate he frequently remarked 1ll mean "wizard" or "fortune teller." The American Bible Society decided discussing home mission problems, to revise its edition in 1911, completing "We must look at it from the mission- the task by the revision of the Old ary's standpoint."

_TIm MISSIONARY Ll/lEllMID(_

~ – . , lib'bii"""'iib'U"~"iririi"'" II ova'" 'UVG"'; The Gospel in a Working World. By relation of wages to prices and to prof- Prof. Harry P. Ward. IlIustrat.ed, 12mo, 260 pp. Missionary EducatIon its? Other sub j e c t s discussed are Movement, New York, 1918. "Strikes-the War of Lacbor Against This is the leading Home Mission Capital;" "Master and Man," or the study book for the year. It is filled relation of employe and employer; with facts and incidents bearing upon "Men and Things," or relative values the relation of labor to capital and laboring classes to the Church. The of the laborer and his product. Prof. Ward is inclined to emphasize subject is worthy of thoughtful and the prime importance of social Chrisprayerful study and there are many tianity, but he rightly holds that the labor problems that the Church has Church and Christians are accountable never seriously undertaken to solve.. for their attitude toward laboring Prof. Ward does not propose a remedy for our social ills,. but he poi~ts classes and the conditions that make Christian living difficult, if not imposout some lines on whIch the Chns- sible. He looks upon this territory in tian Church should build a constructive program. He begins his st,ud~ by industrial fields as new territory for •Home Mission work. Ministers and an argument in favor of a man s right Christians of all Classes have clearly a to live-the dangerous employments, responsibility for the solution of these occupational diseases, preventive measures remedies and compensation. labor problems. If they fearlessly es- Prof. Ward next studies the "day's pouse the cause of justice and mercy, work" and shows the unfairness of child labor, long hours and exce.ssive they will have greater influence in leading men to the God of all justice fatigue or unhealthful surround1l1gs; and mercy. . the effect of over-worked parents on the home and on children, born and Prof. Ward's study book challenges unborn. "Continued excessive labor the attention of Christian people. results in general moral degeneration. They may not accept all his state- ments as indicative of prevailing con- The sex instinct is -coarsened and de- ditions, and may question some of his praved," and the thirst for ~ntox}cants conclusions, but his facts must lead increases. The lowest gratification of us to consider anew our responsibility the forms of· animal appetites is the for present conditions and lead us to pleasure to which worn-out workers seek a remedy.

turn. They cannot enjoy intellectual Underwood of Korea. By His Wife.. Iland spiritual recreation-therefore lustrated, 8vo, 350 pp. $1.50 net. Flemthe Church has no real hold on them ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1918.

and no opportunity to train them. Horace G. Underwood was one of What can be expected from the em- the pioneer missionaries who "made ployes in 491 stores in Chicago where Korea famous." He went to the women frequently work 70 hours a "Land of Morning Calm" in 1885 as a missionary of the American week? The third topic under discussion Presbyterian Church. For over thirty is "The Pay Envelope." The wage years he labored there-itinerating, problem has always been present with teaching, translating, f 0 u n din g us and no doubt always will be. How churches and schools, and finally be- much must a man have to keep in fore his death seeing the inauguration health and support a family? How of two desires of his heart-a Union much must a girl or woman be paid to Bible School and a Union Christian support herself without making pov- College.

~rty a temptation to sin? What is the • The life of Dr. Underwood in Korea was full of thrilling incidents. He Sun. The bibliography is very comwas there and was in intimate touch plete and opens the way to further with the court during the China- study. Japan war, the establishment of the Japanese protectorate, and the Russo- Armema-A Martyr Nation. By M. C. Japanese war. He sawall the great Gabrie1ian. Illustrated, 8vo, 352 pp. political, social and religious changes $1.75 :let. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1918. take place and helped to develop the Christian Church from nothing to a The history of Armenia for the last remarkable body of self-supporting, 100 years has been one of massacre. evangelizing Christians. The tragic story is here told by a Mrs. Underwood's description of member of the martyr race who was her husband's character and career is Medaurc?aotvedan,ininthPerinAcmeteornicaTnheoMloisgsii~oani full of human interest-not an idealis- Semmary and Jefferson Medical Coltic sketch, but with facts that show lege, Philadelphia. The book comboth strength and weakness. His bines a description of Armenia, a his- British ancestors passed on to him a tory of the Armenian people and their goodly heritage and his early training religion, the political situation in Turfitted him for the mission field. At key, the story of Protestant Missions the age of four Horace Underwood among Armenians, the massacres of resolved to become a missionary. 1821-7, 1843, 1860, 1877, 1893 to '95, After his seminary course, at New 1908 and 1915 and '16, and the relief work conducted by Americans, Brit- Brunswick, N. J., he decided to go to ish and Russians.

India, but when Korea was opened While not as discriminating as up to the Gospel a student's paper on some other volumes by those able to the "Hennit Kingdom" turned him to write more dispassionately, this is the that field. most complete history of "the Arme- nians that has appeared. The author The story of Dr. Underwood's life is naturally bitterly anti-Turkish and in Korea is of intense interest and overlooks many of the faults of his worthy of careful reading. The trials people, but no civilized man or woman of pio!1eering; the methods by which can r~ad th!s story ?f hardship and success was attained; the opportuni- suffenng Without being moved with ties offered by royal favor; the diffi- indignation at Turkish cruelty and culties due to political complications; European diplomacy. The time has the foundation-laying in Bible work come to end Turkish misrule and to and education-all reveal missionary rehabilitate Armenia. life and the secret of success in Korea. In this biography we see the best side The Fulfilment of a Dream of Pastor of the hero's character and discover Hsi. By A. Mildred Cable. I11ustrated, what one consecrated missionary can 12mo, 268 pp. 5s net. Morgan & Scott, accomplish. London, 1918.

The Development of Japan. By Kenneth Pastor Hsi, the Chinese scholar and S. Latourelle. 8vo, 237 pp. $1.50. The opium smoker who became a Chris- Macmillan Co., New York, 1918. tian, has become known to many through his life-story written by Mrs. This concise history of Japan re- Howard Taylor. His dream showed cords the progress from the earliest him a tree, cut down but sprouting times until 1917-from the age of again and becoming stronger than obscurity, through various stages of before. The tree was the H wochow transition and struggle to the emer- Church, the story of which is here gence of the nation as a world power told with many charming and intiand the leading people of Asia. It is mate touches which reveal the inner chiefly valuable as a record of out- side of missionary life and prove the working of God's power in restanding facts relating to the political progress of the empire of the Rising mote places. Pastor Hsi died in 1896; connection with the Quadricentennial four years later came the Boxer up- Celebration. It deals chiefly with the rising, when Hwochow missionaries events of the sixteenth century, reviewwere murdered, but the native Chris- ing especially the political and religious tians were marvellously preserved. movements, Luther's life, and gives The story that follows is well worth brief acocunts of other reformations. a prominent place in missionary history. The Holy Scriptures. ANew <Jewish) Translation. 8vo. 1136 pp. Jewish Honey Bun, Others and Us. By Irene Publication Society, Philadelphia, 1917. H. Barnes. 8vo. Illustrated.' 1s 6d net. Church Missionary Society, Lon- This Old Testament translation is don, 1917.. interesting because it is Jewish. The translators have taken advantage of Missionary play books for little Protestant scholarship and generally children are not many. This one is a follow the revised version. bright, readable story of a bear, an elephant, a monkey and a tiger. It The Jewish translators have in some has patterns for cutouts and ideas for cases shown an apparent wish to making useful things. Between the lines avoid interpretations which support it is a real live missionary story. Christian clainis.

Home and Foreign Fields. The Mission- In Psalm ii, 12, the passage, "Kiss ary Journal of the Southern Baptist the Son lest he be angry," etc., is ren- Convention. Edited by G. S. Dobbins. dered, "Do homage in purity lest he SO cents a year, Nashville, Tenn. be angry and ye perish in the way."

This- is one of the most attractive of In Isaiah vii, 14, the new version the denominational periodicals. It is a changes "a virgin" to "the young great improvement on the ancient For- woman." The Messianic names in ei_qn Mission Journal and The Home Isaiah ix-xv are simply transliterated Field. With fine illustrations, large "And his name is called Pele-joez-elpages, good type, readable articles and gibbor-Abi-ad-sar-shalom." A footup-to-date news, it sets an excellent standard for religious periodicals. note applies the titles of the Messiah to God. "They shall look upon me Heroes of the Campus. By Joseph W. whom they have pierced" of Zechariah Cochran. 12mo. 167 pp. 60 cents is translated: "They shall look unto net. Presbyterian Board of Publica- tion, Phil a., Pa., 1917. me because they have thrust him through." Then a footnote gives, These live stories of live Christian "That is, the nations." young men will· be an inspiration to any boy or young man. They in- Standard Missionary Picture Roll. For clude stories of Pitkin, the martyr; Kui Home and Foreign Missionary Instruc- Takahashi, the Japanese football star; tion in the Bible School. Edited by Arthur Jackson, ,Ie physician; William Sue Reynolds Staley. 3 feet by 2 feet -V. Borden, the millionaire. These life 4 inches. $1.00. Published by the stories are good reading and furnish Standard Publishing Co., Cincinnati, many powerful illustrations for sermons Ohio, 1918. to young people. Eye-gate is an important entrance Protest and Progress. By Carolus P. to Man-Soul. This large colored Harry. 12mo; Illustrated. 162 pp. picture roll opens the gate immediate- 50 cents, c)oth; 30 cents, paper. 1917. ly to facts relating to Home and Foreign Missions. The pictures are This book has b.e~n prepared for attractive and clear. The facts are use in classes, particularly Lutheran, well chosen-and forcefully put. Hang studying the Protestant Reformation in thy roll in the Sunday School or yopng peoples room and it will preach silently, continuoQsly and' effeotively.