The Missionary Review of the World — July 1936

1936

Unoccupied Mission Fields Alexander McLeish The Education of Indian Girls Charlotte Wyckoff The Pageant of One Hundred Years George Dexter T ay lor Memories of Forty Years in Africa Roland V. Bingham A Moslem Seeker Who Found God L. Bevan Jones The Reign of Christ in Arabia Paul W. Harrison Limko Christians of Hainan Paul C. Melrose 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Eaglesmere, Pa.-June 26-July 3. Obituary

Mrs. E. B. Breeding, 24 Rugby June 29-July 10 – Indian Missionary Lane, Scarsdale, N. Y. The Rev. Walter Laidlaw, D.D., Conference and Annual Meeting of formerly secretary of the New York the National Fellowship of Indian Houston, Texas – September 28 – Oc- Federation of Churches and founder Workers. College of Agriculture, tober 2. of the Clergy Club of New York, died Madison, Wis. Dean – Mrs. A. B. Hynes, 618 suddenly in New York City, on May Highland, Houston, Texas. 20th. Dr. Laidlaw was born in Cana- July 6-12 – Twelfth World's Sunday da seventy-five years ago. He was School Convention. Oslo, Norway. Lake Geneva, Wis.-June 27-July 4. graduated from the University of Mrs. T. A. Freeman, 427 Green- Toronto and later studied at Berlin. July 9-August 12 – Win 0 n a Lake wood Ave., Evanston, Ill. He made a careful study of the cen- School of Theology. Winona Lake, sus and edited the Statistical Sources Ind. Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. Paul)- for Demographic Studies for Greater September 21-25. New York. Recently he has been August 16-23-World Missions Insti- working on the City Planning Com- tute, Chautauqua, New York. Ex. Sec. – Mrs. C. E. Heard, mittee of New York. 3020 Colfax Ave., Minneapolis, CONFEREtTCES AND SCHOOLS Minn. *** OF MISSIONS Mt. Hermon, Calif. – July 25 – Aug- Mrs. Frank W. Wilcox, for nine- Affiliated with the Council of Women ust 1. teen years Associate Secretary of the for Home Missions and the Com- Mrs. N. J. Forsberg, 325 Dor- American Missionary Association of mittee on Women's Work, For- antes Ave., San Francisco, Calif. the Congregational Church, died in eign Missions Conference her home in Montclair, N. J., on May Mt. Lake Park, Md.-July 10-16. 19th. Caroline S. Mellick was born Baltimore, Md.-October 19-21. January 15, 1867 and married Frank Mrs. David D. Baker, 410 N. Cal- Mrs. B. H. Sincell, 103 2d St., W. Wilcox in 1889. She lectured at houn St., Baltimore, Md. Oakland, Md. many missionary conferences and conventions and was in charge of the Bethesda, Ohio-July 20-24. Northfield, Mass.-July 6-14. "Box Work" of the Women's Soci- Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlin- Miss Amy Ogden Welcher, 796 eties of the Congregational Church. son Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. Prospect Ave., Hartford, Conn. For sometime she was vice-president of the Council of Women for Home Chautauqua, N. Y.-I n s tit ute of Southern California (Los Angeles)- Missions and was a member of the World Missions (August 16-23). September 21-25. Editorial Council of THE REVIEW. Mrs. F. C. Reynolds, 309 Wood- Mrs. H. M. Horn, 1965 Carmen land Road, Roland Park, Balti- Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. (Concl11ded on third cover.) more, Md. Warren, Ohio-October 6-7. Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio.

DO NOT MISS THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER TOR ANDRAE'S MOHAMMED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Samuel M. Zwemer THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND ISLAM ……………………. . Leo A. Cullum EARLY MOSLEM LEADERS IN CHINA ……..•.•……………….. Claude L. Pickens JINN AMONG THE MOROS ………………………………….. Jose R. Collante RELIGIOUS EDIFICES AND COMMUNITY LIFE ……………………… . D. N. Wilber ISLAM IN THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL SUDAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . George Dighton KORANIC WISDOM ACCORDING TO A TURK …………………….. Paul M. A. Mulla THE TURK IN HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY ……………………….. G. L. Schanzlin MISSIONS TO MOSLEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA ………………….. W. J. Vander Merwe MOSLEM CHILDHOOD IN BENGAL …………………………….. . Hilda McLean CHRIST SETS UP HIS CHURCH IN MUSCAT …………………… . Paul W. Harrison Current Topics – Book Reviews – Survey of Periodicals » » SUBSCRIBE NOW « 50 Cents d Copy. $2.00 d Year (postpdid) In combindtion with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City $3.50 d Year. (Foreign Postdge, 50 Cents) British Agents: MARSHALL, MORGAN & seon, 12 P.lernosler Building., London, E. C.

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REVIEW OF THE W ORlO Dr. John Alexander Mackay, sec- ORIENT DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor retary of the Board of Foreign Mis- si{)ns of the Presbyterian Chul"ch, with VOL. LIX JULY, 1936 No.7 U. S. A., has been elected president of Princeton Theological Seminary to S p e e d – C o m f o r t – Economy Publication and Business Office– succeed Dr. J. Ross Stevenson who Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. has occupied that post for twenty-two Take the shortest, fastest crossing to years. Yokohama . . . only 10 days by Editorial and Executive Office– Empress of Asia or Empress of 158 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dr. Mackay was born in Inverness, Russia. Or sail to Honolulu in 5 Entered as second-class matter at Scotland, May 17, 1889, was gradu- days … reach the Orient in 8 days ated from Aberdeen Coilege in 1912 more by Empress of Japan (largest, Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under and from Princeton Theological Sem- fastest liner on the Pacific) or Em- Act of March 3, 1879. inary in 1915. After his ordination press of Canada. by the Free Church of Scotland he 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. went as a missionary to South Amer- Surprisingly low round-trip fares Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. ica and was appointed principal of by luxurious First Class or comfort- Published monthly, except Augr,st. the Anglo-Peruvian College at Lima. able Tourist Class. Also, inexpen- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. He later became professor of Philos- sive Third Class on all Empresses. British agents – Marshall, Morgan ophy at the National University at and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, Lima but continued his missionary Regular sailings from Vancouver London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, activities. He returned to the United and Victoria in Canada's Evergreen 10 shillings a year. States in 1932 to accept the position Playground. Orient fares include of secretary of the Board of Foreign passage from and to Seattle. If you MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- Missions. sail from Los Angeles or San Fran- LISHING CO., INC. cisco, connect with an Empress at *** Honolulu. Orient ports-of-call: Yo- BOARD OF DIRECTORS kohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shanghai, ROBERT E. SPEER, President Dr. John McDowell, secretary of Hong Kong, and Manila. A. L. WARNSHUIS, ViC6-Pre8ident the Board of National Missions of • World Tours as low as $579.90. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer the Presbyterian Church, has been Go on one inclusive ticket, good for DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary elected a member of the Board of two years. Write for folder of six Trustees of Princeton Theological most popular world tours. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Seminary. Booklets, information from YOUR WILLIAM 1. CHAMBERLAIN *** OWN' AGENT or Canadian Pacific: D. J. FANT New York,.344 Madison Ave.; Chi- Dr. John M. Springer, for many cago, 71 E. Jackson Blvd. ; San Fran- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD years a missionary of the Methodist cisco, 152 Geary St.; and 38 other WM. B. LIPPHARD Episcopal Church in south-central Af- cities in U. S. and Canada. rica, was e;ected Missionary Bishop ERIC M. NORTH of the church at the recent General ~~ Conference in Columbus, Ohio. by SAMUEL M. ZWEMER EMPRESS *** Editorial Chat Dr. H. W. Greist and his wife, who As has been our custom, to save ex- is a registered nurse, stationed at Bar- row, Alaska, the most northerly mispense and in view of the absence of sion station in the world, have re- cently resigned and are returning to many of our sUJscribers from home, the United States. Dr. and Mrs. Greist have done a remarkable work our August issue will be omitted. among the Eskimos of northern Alas- The September and October issues ka within the Arctic Circle. Their places are to be taken by Rev. and will have more pages to catch up Mrs. Frederick G. Klerekoper who have been for two years stationed at with the news and to give our readers Skagway, Alaska, under the Board of the National Missions, Presbyterian some additional articles of especial Church. Mrs. Klerekoper is a regis- tered nurse but the medical work at value. *** Barrow is to be taken over by the United States Government. While you are away fr{)m home will *** you speak a word for the REVIEW and so help to secure additional readers, Dr. and Mrs. O. R. Avison, who retired last year from mission work and at the same time promote inter- in Korea, are temporarily located in New York City. Dr. Avison was for est in the work of Christ? many years president of Severance Medical College at Seoul. *** *** "Every issue of THE REVIEW is full of informing and stimulating ma- Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, vice-presi- dent of the Presbyterian Board of terial." MRS. B. P. HEUBNER. National Missions, in recognition of her services in connection with the Ottawa, Kansas. development of the work in Santo Do- mingo, has recently been given $2000 *** for a clock and bell for the Evangeli- A CORRECTION cal church in Santo Domingo City.

Our attenti{)n is called to an erro- (Concluded on third cover.) neous impression given in the article on "Preaching Liberty to the Captives [337 ] in Portugal" by E. R. Holden. This article which was condensed from the manuscript sent by Mr. Holden implies that the Cardinal-Patriarch, the highest dignitary in Portugal, offered to Mr. Reis material advantages if he would recant. Mr. Holden writes that the Cardinal "most definitely did not hint at anything of the sort and left Reis very well impressed by his truly Christian spirit and indeed no one can read the Cardinal's frequent speeches and writings without being convinced that he is a real Christian while all one hears of his life bears out this impression."

THE KILLING OF THE WITCH IN 1836 (EPISODE

Photographs by Lynn Acutt REPRESENTING DR. WILSON AT THE GRAVE OF MRS. WILSON-MOSEGA, 1836 THE PAGEANT OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS IN SOUTH AFRICA (See article by Dr. J. Dexter Taylor, page 343)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 7 JULY, 1936 Topics of the Times PRESENT-DAY TRENDS IN ISLAM destitution. Nevertheless Mecca is the center from which the press and these returning pil- The collapse of the caliphate and the failure of grims proclaim a renaissance of Islam under poall attempts to revive it would lead the superficial observer to conclude that Pan-Islamism is dead. litically independent rule, with as much modern- ism as is safe.

The policy of the new government in Turkey and There have been radical reforms in al-Azhar the complete secularization of the republic points at Cairo where the Fundamentalists are at war in the same direction. The Turkish press utters with the Modernists while both are agreed that severe judgment on Islam and its Prophet, while Islam is the religion of t~e State and the hope of one by one the old sanctions and customs of reli- humanity. Foreign missions are sent out to gion are publicly discarded. A few years ago a China, Japan, Spain and America to preach Islam. British official of high standing actually wrote to A violent wave of religious feeling is passing me: "Islam as we once knew it is dead in Turkey, over Egypt, and over the Islamic world, so violent that nobody knows what the outcome will be. Sevit is dying in Persia, it has ceased to carry real eral are anxious about its effect on the strong weight in Egypt, it may survive some gen~r~ti~ns fortress of Islam. The Minister of Education wished to render Islam a service and to heap iwnillAirnabtiha~ but the basic truths of ChrIstIamty further honor upon Egypt in its service of Islam long run even there prevail." Such by translating the Koran from Arabic into mod- ern languages. From the governing body of aljudgment may be prophetic but it is undoubtedly Aihar (great Moslem university) some supported his idea; others opposed it absolutely. Compremature. There are at least three centers to- day that keep alive the pan-islamic idea and are active as never before in defending and propagat- ing the Moslem faith-Mecca, Cairo and Lahore.

Arabia under the able leadership of Abd ul mittees have been formed to work at it, and the Aziz Ibn Saood may not covet the caliphate, but rector of al-Azhar has written a long letter to is the fulcrum of agitation for uniting all the the Prime Minister in which he says: "A literal Arabic-speaking states of the Near East. The translation is not possible to all the Koranic whole peninsula is being rapidly modernized. The verses, but a translation of the meaning is percamel has had his day. Usages of almost sacro- missible, only it could not be used in the official sanet significance are being put aside. In the prayer, where only the original may be used." Kaaba court electric light has been installed, and In Palestine the Arabs are rising to oppose fur- the men who tended the hundreds of olive oil ther Jewish immigration. The Arabic press still lamps are no longer needed. Motor cars now "breathes out threatening and slaughter" on any carry the pilgrims to the holy cities, and the thou- and every occasion when they imagine the glory sands of camels and their attendant army of cam- of the Prophet is at stake. The Young Men's Moselmen, formerly employed, are not now required. lem Association is a keen rival of the Y. M. C. A. The Hejaz Government is reported to have 300 r'and itinerant preachers of the Koran vie with cars in use. Christian colporteurs and evangelists in their The diminution in the number of pilgrims is so zeal. The first congress of the Moslems of Europe considerable, that the thousands of Arabs in the was held at Geneva (September 12-15), last year sacred cities who lived by serving them are in presided over by Emir Shekib Arslan.

[ 339 ]

In India, with more than seventy-eight million benefit from it, and expressed their determination not to worship at Hindu shrines and temples. Moslems, the rival Ahmadiya groups of Qadian They are free to adopt any religion they wish, provided it offers them freedom. and Lahore both broadcast their Pan-Islamic One of the greatest signs of change in India is propaganda from Lahore and London. A dozen in the position and opportunities of women-fornewspapers and magazines, although outside of merly considered unworthy of education and of orthodox Islam, are welcomed widely as the best lower status than the cow. Mrs. Mira S. Ramdas, weapons against Christianity. Their chief aim an Indian Christian, read a paper on "Modern India," before the Women's Conference in Bomnow is to win over the "untouchables." bay last March. In this paper she said (in part) : Christian missionaries in Egypt, Arabia and To any casual observer it is apparent that the India of India are in close touch with all these movements the twenty-five years ago is not the India of today. The which are signs of the times. In carrying the whole nation has undergone a tremendous and rapid Gospel to Moslems anywpere we face the whole change in these few years. Old ideas are swept aside, old methods of life and education have been given up. New front of this rival faith. 'We see encouragement life has been infused and has awakened the millions in India. Willingness to change for the better, to adopt new in the fact that in Arabia our medical mission- ways and think bold thoughts is to be seen everywhere aries enjoy the personal friendship of the King today. . . .

and are welcomed into the interior of his vast A few things have happened as the direct result of the domain; in Cairo missionaries minister to the national awakening which must be noted here in a general blind sheikhs of al-Azhar and its students crowd way as they have a bearing on our subject. the American University to hear lectures on so- 1. First is the great rush for literacy and general educial reform; in Lahore the Henry Martyn School cation. The leaders wish to educate the masses to enable is training young missionaries to meet the situa- them to take in the new things; on the other hand the tion. The Gospel of Christ is the dynamic of God masses desire education so that they can follow intelli- gently what is happening in the country. The popularity unto salvation. We can afford to wait for the of the press is a sure indication of this fact. Both gov- ernment and the national leaders are busy coping with Cross has never been defeated. Christ will con- this situation. . . .

quer. S. M. ZWEMER. 2. Second is the great desire towards industrialism. With the knowledge of what is happening in countries f outside, industry has assumed new charms. . . .

ENCOURAGING SIGNS IN INDIA 3. Third is the religious upheaval. With the spread of literacy and with the tending of the mind towards indus- In ~oslem lands, in India and China, incredible trialism and materialism, there has come about a severchanges are taking place in hoary beliefs and cus- ence from ancient Indian ideas and ideals specially a very toms–changes that would have been thought im- noticeable severence from the Hindu religious ideas. The possible fifty years ago. Then the conversion of average Hindu man or woman today does not have much Moslems was generally spoken of as an idle dream faith in the religion of his forefathers. But this is not all, apd the field was almost barren of fruitage. To- he or she does not have much use for any religion at day thousands of Moslems are turning to Christ all. . . . in .Malaya and hundreds are openly confessing their faith and leaving Islam in Iran. The doors This then is the India today: nationally awakening, are opening wider and wider, even in Arabia. seeking education, preparing for industrialism, and put- ting off old things and especially her religious mindedness China, in the early days of missions, seemed to which was so characteristic of her. present an impregnable barrier to Christian progress. Prejudice, superstition and pride in Con. Indian women today are being educated in fucian ethics and culture obscurred Christ and schools and colleges; they are becoming teachers, made the people unreceptive. Today not only are lawyers, physicians and nurses; they are enterthousands of Chinese of all classes becoming ing into business and into political life. Christian Christians, but thousands are effective evangelists women especially are enjoying a freedom never and some Chinese, like T. Z. Koo and Andrew dreamed of before and their views are listened to Gih, are even coming to America to preach Christ. with a respect that their fathers and grandfathers would have never dreamed possible. The rise of India for many years presented the barrier of women in India is all traceable to the work of the an elaborate Hindu philosophy, deeply rooted re- early Christian missionaries. ligious customs and caste which stood in defiance of the spirit and teachings of Christ. It seemed SUMMER – RETREAT OR ADVANCE impossible to break down the system which was built into the very foundations of Indian life and Will the coming summer be a time for re-creathought. Indian womanhood was kept in seclu- tion and growth, or only for relaxation and rest sion of mind and body – what power could draw from our usual occupations? In these warmer the veil? Today caste is tottering on its founda- months many churches and Sunday schools are tions and a press dispatch reports that on June 1st 10,000 "untouchables" assembled in Bombay to renounce Hinduism because they had received no

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

closed, ministers of the Gospel are away from stay-at-homes, through family gatherings and the their parishes, and too many Christian workers opportunity to hear visiting preachers. There are are taking a vacation from service and serious many books and magazines that richly reward thought. Children whose parents can afford it careful reading. They are for all ages and are go to camps or to the shore or mountains where usully neglected during the busier months. They worldly rather than Christian influences prevail. include biography, missions, travel, sermons, pop- Relaxation includes not only mental and physical ular science and some fiction. Many of these letdown but a moral and spiritual slump as well. books can be obtained through public libraries or The result is that multitudes of church members, in reading circles formed for the exchange of some of whom have been active in Christian work, volumes. Twenty-five cents a week for each famcome to the autumn with less spiritual life and ily may supply a goodly number. Education costs purpose than they had when summer began. It but it is worth the price. Upward progress calls often takes a month or two to catch up the slack for the expenditure of energy; only a downhill and to start the wheels moving again. course requires no effort.

Christ and His disciples felt the need for rest At the end of this summer will we and our famafter their strenuous mission tours and days of ilies show progress and growth or retrogression strenuous service; they turned aside for refresh- and deterioration – not only in physical development but always with the purpose of preparation ment and mental alertness but in moral strength for more effective living. Do not many of us in- and in closer sympathy with Christ and a clearer cline to seek relaxation without reference to serv- understanding of His plan for us and for manice? The only reasons that justify a Christian in kind? We cannot take a vacation from God and seeking relief and amusement are: (1) the fact His service, but we can recreate with God for that we have worked hard enough in God's service further service.

so that energy needs to be rebuilt and (2) that we A MISSION TO UNIVERSITY WOMEN are preparing for further service.

If the summer months are to be a time for It is a surprising fact that in Bombay, the key growth, how can this be promoted? The wise position for organizing work among Indian womparents are those who, so far as is possible, plan en, there is still no women's college. Madras, to surround themselves and their children with though so far away in the south, has two over- Christian companions and influences that tend to flowing colleges, one missionary, one a governbuild up spiritual life and character, irrespective ment college. In the far north at Lahore, there of personal convenience and preferences. Today are also two colleges, though the number of womthere are multitudes of summer camps and confer- en seeking higher education is so much smaller ences in the mountains, at the shore and by inland there than in progressive Bombay. It is a lamentlakes, where recreation is combined with Chris- able fact that the six hundred women undergradutian comradeship and spiritual stimulus. Those ates of Bombay have no intellectual home of their who put first the Kingdom of God seek to use these own, although women do attend lectures in men's opportunities and are willing to pay the cost. colleges.

Those who go from home to the seashore or This yawning chasm in the educational system mountains, or travel at home or abroad, can find of India has been potentially filled by women stumany opportunities for service and encourage- dents from overseas. More than thirty years ment. Many missions and small churches have ago a hostel for university women was founded in been greatly cheered by the attendance and sup- Bombay by graduate women in other lands. As port of summer visitors. In many vacation lands long ago as 1896 the British graduates were in- -in Europe, Alaska, Canada and the western tensely aware that, having greatly benefited states-those who are interested may find strik- themselves from college life, they ought to pass ing centers of mission work, with devoted work- on these benefits to Indian women. They were ers whom we may greatly encourage, while at the still more intensely aware that the great emancisame time we learn more of the work God is doing pating power for Indian women is Christ. Few in these fields. Not all travelers are selfish or people realize how unable Indian women would be self-appointed critics of missions. to take their place today in the reconstruction of their own country had not Christianity prepared Many a summer colony also is strengthened for the way for their emancipation. To Christian the whole year by the cooperation of summer missions they owe not only the conviction that visitors and their families who are not seeking a women's souls are as valuable as men's, but also vacation from God and His service. practical machinery for equipping doctors, teach- ers and nurses. Till a few years ago a vast ma- But even for those who cannot go far from jority of all trained teachers, doctors and nurses home the summer offers many opportunities for growth through reading, fellowship with other

were girls trained in Christian schools and col- pressed their gratitude but welcome also to the leges. settlers who have enjoyed and learned so much In this campaign of emancipation the Bombay through their warm friendships.

Settlement has played an honorable part. The But the uphill work of devoted service to all nucleus of its work is a hostel where about forty castes and creeds needs the Christian dynamic, women undergraduates make their home, with a if it is to succeed. At every turn one feels that staff of four or five graduates from British or Christ alone can set these women free, and that other Western universities. The students include there should be not one settlement to carry His Hindus, Mohammedans, Pharsees, Jews, Chris- message, but a dozen.

tians and others who speak sometimes as many India is still afraid of Christ, but perhaps when as ten different tongues, though all can speak Christianity is no longer associated with an alien English, the language of their degree work. government, Indian women will acknowledge Though the settlement is recognized by the Uni- openly what so many of them already acknowledge versity of Bombay and a certain amount of coach- secretly, that they owe more to Christ than to ing and lecturing is done by the staff, the main anything in their own religion.* object is to carry the standards and teachings of Christ to these students, and the workers seek to THE VALUE OF MISSIONS PROVED show by their lives what Christ has meant to them. The household daily gathers for prayers The so-called "criminal tribes" of India have in a chapel which forms the centre of the home. been a great problem to the British-India Gov- For over thirty years the. work was housed in ernment. Like gypsies they not only lived off the rented premises, but in 1930 a suitable house was communities to which they wandered, but took purchased and the dedication of a chapel became what they wanted both of property and life. Ex- possible. The workers are daily grateful for the tensive policing did not control the situation and peace and strength given to them through this the Government had to admit failure.

visible symbol of their faith. Though adherents Some fifty years ago the Salvation Army was of other religions are not under any obligation to attend Christian worship, they almost always asked to try to do something with these tribes come voluntarily, and thus learn what Christ who menaced the whole country. The Salvation might do for them. The students attend five dif- Army accepted this challenge. Enforcement of ferent colleges, and form two major groups, the the laws is a tremendous task and Christianizing medical and the arts students. They come from people who have been lawless for generations homes all over India, and have no common reli- seems almost impossible. But the Salvation Army gion, language or race. Thus one of the first needs with infinite patience and "no compromise with is to get them to mingle with each other, and this evil" is getting results, with financial help from the settlement manages to a remarkable extent. the Government. Instead of the twenty-two separate messes for twenty-five students, such as are found in a cer- In the Malay peninsula, with a population of a tain men's hostel, the settlement has only two little less than four millions, Great Britain has kitchens and dining rooms for its students. The felt responsibility for educating the young people. Brahmin-cooked food is served for orthodox Hin- Chinese and Indians have helped to develop the country, working in the most important tin mines dus in the big brass platters on the floor, and . in the world and the great rubber plantations there is a European dining room with tables and which supply a large amount of this modern nechairs and "unorthodox food" for those who either cessity. Government schools were established with prefer it, or must acquire Western ways before good buildings and paid teachers. But they could embarking on their travels to America or Europe. not get or keep the right sort of teachers. Then Apart from the hostel, the Settlement occupies the work was turned over to the already estaba remarkable position in Bombay. After all only lished mission schools. Nothing was said about a small percentage of advanced women find their teaching religion, but it was assumed that they way to college, and it is perhaps the Settlement's would. The method has furnished this developmost original contribution to mission work that ing country a body of alert young people with it has always shown itself the servant, not only the background which they need for modern of the student, but also of the most advanced life. The young women alumnre of the mission leaders among Indian women. Friendship with schools are bright, cultured, progressive and the progressive section of this most emancipated charming, taking their places in the life of their city in India has always been a welcome feature community and nation.

of the Settlement's work, welcome not only to the • The British office of the Missionary Settlement for University Women is at 296 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, S. W. 1. countless Indian ladies who have so warmly ex-

Pageant of One Hundred

The Centenary of the American Mission in South Africa By REV. J. DEXTER TAYLOR, D.D., Johannesburg, Transvaal Missionary of the American Board I N A SNUG vale amongst the rolling hills of The Pageant opened with a symbolic Episode Adams Mission Station, Amanzimtoti, Natal, entitled "The Light of Life." After a Gregorian with a background of bamboo and native bush, chant had sounded, the Narrator declaimed the a colorful presentation of the hundred years' his- simple ·Scripture story of the shepherds and the tory of the American Board Mission in South wise men and the college choir sang, Africa was given in connection with the celebra- As with g:adness men of old tion of the Centennial. The spectators had come Did the guiding star behold.

by motor cars and busses from Durban and Then across the stage came a group of shepherds Maritzburg, from near-by villages and planta- with their sheep, one of them carrying a tiny tions, and even a few from lamb in his arms. In the man- Johannesburg, 400 miles away. ger scene, the shepherds draw About 1,500 European guests near with reverence and while and a large company of Afri- they bow in adoration the pro- cans saw the spectacle. cession of the wise men bearing The scenery, from behind gifts moves slowly across and which the actors emerged, con- completes the picture.

sisted of a group of realistic The music changes, the shep- boulders, interspersed with na- herds and wise men vanish and tive huts, all made out of bur- one by one the stage is taken by lap, paper and paint by mem- representatives of the different bers of the Adams College staff. races and nations of the earth.

The orchestral music on which Africa, the Islands of the Sea the episodes floated smoothly and Indian America form a onward was supplied by gram- group of the primitive peoples; ophone r e cor d s, amplified China, India and Japan repre- through microphone and loud sent the Orientals; while Rus- speaker. The two Narrators, sia, Germany, Holland, Spain, one a European in full aca- Scotland, Scandinavia and the demic robes and the other a rest, all in picturesque national Zulu in pagan garb, declaimed garb formed a third group of in English and Zulu, poems Photographed by Lynn Aoutt peoples from the West. Again especially written for the occa- THE ZULU CHRISTIAN NARRATOR a screen is moved and high in sion, each stanza carrying the the background appears the spirit of the episode which followed it. The Zulu Cross, with the Angel of the Resurrection. Three poem was written by B. Wallet Vilakazi, B.A., ang01s of light appear from the foot of the cross the first Zulu poet to publish a volume of Zulu and lead the nations slowly forward to group rev- poems. erently before it, while the choir breaks forth into I the Hallelujah Chorus.

As out across the chaos of a world unborn II Went forth the word, "Let there be light," Where ruled the primal darkness of a pagan life And all the gloom and shadow of a scene forlorn And witchcraft's bane held all enthralled, Was changed to glory by that Word of might. Where scenes of peace and quiet sudden turned to strife, And fear's dark shadows e'en the day appalled.

So dawned upon the chaos of a world distraught Was there to be no dawn, no setting free The Light of Life, the Word made flesh, Of prisoned souls? no healing touch?

And shadowed lives, the victims of the way mistaught, No voice of God to whisper of the life to be? Saw light arising and Hope spring afresh. Said not the Christ, My Kingdom is of such?

[ 343 ]

As the Narrator's voice died away the stage IV was filled with a merry group of pagan Africans (most of whom in real life were high-school stu- T,his land of lights and shadows, clash of old and new dents and a few were African B.A.'s of the staff) . Her welcome gave to one small band; The happy domestic scene was suddenly disturbed Forth fared they self-forgetting; far horizons drew, Nor doubted they for God to take the land.

From scenes of war and pillage, sick at heart and sad, Their footsteps turn, and hope grows dim.

The word of Peace is silenced by the war-drums mad. Their hands they turn to other tasks and wait for Him.

Photographed by Lynn AClltt The arrival of the six pioneers, Adams, Grout, Champion, Lindley, Wilson and Venable, their TREKKIXG MISSIONARIES A CENTURY AGO (EPISODE IV) meeting with Dr. Philip, the famous London Mis- sionary Society leader at the Cape, the division by the entrance of the witch-doctor; soon a most of the little party into two, one of which trekked realistic "smelling-out" was in progress and the north to Mosega in Mosilekazi's country, while witch was dragged forth to her fate. The mar- the other made its way by sea to Durban and to vellously natural acting of the scene was a vivid Dingaan the great Chief of the Zulu nation-all reminder that such an inheritance is still in the this was portrayed in a series of scenes in which blood of the Africans, and that "the primal dark- bullock wagons, costumes of 1835, Voortrekker ness of a pagan life" is scarcely yet of yesterday. scenes and wild pagan dances carried the thoughts of the spectators through those early years of III heroic pioneering, and reminded the generation of today at what cost present attainments have been "Thy youth shall visions see and maidens dream," won. So prophets spake. They dream and do! Do American Christians know the story of Mrs. Beneath a haystack's shelter from the rain's quick stream Jane Smithy Wilson, the dainty fragile girl, who Youth saw a vision and the dream came true. after enduring the hardships of the long north- ward trek and living for months in the midst of The church, her soul new wakened and with faith fresh war and bloodshed, died in that far country, the girt first great sacrifice in the winning of the field? We saw young Dr. Wilson kneeling by her grave Their challenge heard, her youth sent forth. in deepest grief, then walking brokenly away So bore they balm and blessing for the world's sad hurt watched by the blacks whose preoccupation with war had made the missionary enterprise amongst And dead souls quickened into life's full worth. them impracticable. The little soapstone grave- stone roughly carved by Dr. Wilson's own hand, Who does not know the story of the beginning was unearthed by the late Dr. Gubbins in 1912. of the American Board in the Haystack Prayer The choicest treasures of this famous collector of Meeting at Williams College, where in 1806 a Africana now occupy an entire floor of the new dozen young men, led by Samuel Mills, driven to Johannesburg public library. Lindley's ten years the shelter of a haystack from the sudden rain of work amongst the Voortrekkers, while the that caught them in the midst of their outdoor shattered foundations of the mission enterprise prayer meeting, continued their ardent discussion were relaid, was hinted in a tableau in which he of his fantastic proposal to take the Gospel to the was seen baptizing the boy Paul Kruger, a true lands of the East. They followed his suggestion though little-known incident in the life of the to "make it a subject of prayer under the hay- great president. stack, while the dark clouds are going and the clear sky is coming." And then afterward the V challenge was put to the General Association of Massachusetts by Judson, Mills, Nott and Newell From seed long sown and watered comes the fruit at last, which led directly to the establishment of the Souls seek the light, the darkness flees; Board in 1910. Both scenes were effectively pictured and by virtue of their own inherent emo- Forth from the ranks come those who face the future not tional content provided one of the great thrills of the past. the Pageant. As time moves on so knowledge grows by swift degrees.

In Zulu's liquid cadence speaks the Book divine; See, Afric's sons take up the torch!

In work and play and service climb toward heights that shine, Young men and maids, whom changing times shall not debauch.

1936J THE PAGEANT OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS

Photographed bY Lynn Acutt THE FINAL SCENE OF ONE' HUNDRED YEARS IN SOUTH AFRICA Not now the pagan darkness of the days of old Fear not that God will fail you, if your course ye run. Obscures the path, and witchcraft's murk, Your cause is His. Christ bids you, On! His pledge, the Cross. But problems new created by the lure of gold Beset all life. God us forbid the task to shirk! So finally was pictured in a grand march the educational, social, medical and religious progress Ten long years after .the little group began its of today. The Adams College staff includes in its heroic enterprise, the first convert was won at number five African B.A.'s and a fine body of Amanzimtoti. Her son was the first fully quali- young South Africans, both English and Afri- fied Bantu physician. Here the foundation of an canders, from the universities. The staff and stu- educational system was laid and has its consum- dents of Inanda Seminary sang to the memory of mation today in the High School and Training Mrs. Edwards, their founder, a song composed by College known as Adams College. Later came the an African; another group of students was led beginnings of a Native ministry, the first ordina- by Rev. John L. Dube, founder of Ohlange Insti- tion in 1870 and the completion of the first trans- tute, an offspring of the American Board Mis- lation of the Bible into Zulu in 1883. Each of sion; doctors and nurses in hospital uniform rep- these forward steps was dramatized. Especially resented the McCord Zulu Hospital in Durban charming was the primitive school conducted by and the Bridgman Memorial Hospital in J ohan- Mrs. Ireland, represented by a member of the Col- nesburg; African teachers, ministers, mechanics, lege staff, the scholars being African kiddies from builders, farmers poured from behind the rocks the kindergarten department. and trees of the African scenery passed across the field stage and gradually massed under the VI three flags, the Union Jack, the Stars and Stripes and the flag of the Union of South Africa. Sud- Is there above the chaos of the clash of race denly high up behind the central platform rose a A rainbow gleam? Shall there be light? glowing silver cross. The whole great company turned to face this emblem of the Divine Sav- M'ay black men toward achievement dare to set their face? iour, and raising the right hand toward it in Is there a goal? Doth God behold their wicked plight? token of reconsecration, broke into singing: So sure as from the formless void of earth and sky When I survey the wondrous Cross Was born a world and time began, On which the Prince of Glory died, , Creation's spirit brooding still doth doubt defy, My richest gain I count but loss New worlds are born. Love shaU prevail. God dwells And pour contempt on all my pride. with man.

Turn ye not back, 0 dusky children of the land of sun, Be not dismayed, though tempests toss;

The crowds walked slowly up the hill, talking of striking scenes and bearing in large type as its enthusiastically of what they had seen and heard heading, in this dramatic review of the hundred years.' "Youth Saw a Vision and the Dream Durban's chief newspaper next day carried a full account of the Pageant illustrated by photographs Came True."

Memories of Forty Years in Africa By ROWLAND V. BINGHAM, Toronto, Canada General Director of the Sudan Interior Mission I T WAS true when we sailed for Africa in 1893 have hundreds of thousands of students ever that inside of a line one hundred miles from learning to read, with always one book, the Bible. the coast there, were not nearly one hundred The Bible Society's greatest triumph has been in mission stations, except in civilized South Africa. Africa. Today there are, we think, 1,900 mission stations manned by white workers, with thousands of sta- Once more, long years ago, we prayed that God tions held by native pastors and teachers, well would open up Africa. Missionaries and traders trained and well taught, inside that same line, settled on the coast and died in its malarial while the few hundred converts in that area have swamps and along the river courses. The interior multiplied into the hundreds of thousands. was inaccessible. Livingstone spent his life in fulfilling his vow, "I will open up Central Africa Inside that hundred mile line from the coast, to the Gospel or die in the attempt." He did both again with the exception of the South African magnificently. But it took Stanley two years to Colonies, hardly a square foot of territory was find Livingstone. Today rail and motor roads held or controlled by white powers. Sin and are being extended everywhere – and fleets of slavery held the millions of its peoples. Today boats navigate the great rivers. Air stations, too, that whole vast continent is governed by civilized are being prepared everywhere and planes cover powers bringing in law and order and banishing the continent in a few days. The Sahara itself is cruel customs and the desolating slave traffic. being crossed by great highways. It took the writer and his companions twelve months in 1893 Again forty years ago, apart from that coast to cover a distance of eight hundred miles from strip, illiteracy universally prevailed. A few the coast and his two companions both succumbed Moslem mallams or teachers could understand the at the end of the journey and found lonely graves. Arabic script in parts of the Sudan, but literature Six years ago, we covered the same trail in a was almost nil. Into the polyglot tongues of Africa couple of days, and crossed the whole continent the Scriptures had been rendered into but few, in six months; in the whole journey which inand there was no one to read. Including the col- volved ten thousand miles, we held conferences onies of South Africa there were then 21 lan- in quite a number of centres of from two to ten guages that had the whole Bible, and a beginning days each. Africa is opened up everywhere today. had been made in 54 more. Today the whole Bible has been rendered into six additional tongues and Then, too, we used to urge people to pray, as portions of Scripture have been translated into for a forlorn hope, that the day might come when 185 more languages. It can be said today that a chain of stations might be formed right across at least three-fourths of the people of Africa have the continent. Two or three such chains are well some portion of the Word of God in their own nigh complete. We think we could motor a party language. Moreover, the curse of Babel which right across Africa today at its widest part, and rested so heavily upon Africa is rapidly being re- arrange to-stop at a mission station almost every moved. The opening of great roads across the night and many a day secure our noon meals at continent is leading to the widespread use of the still other stations. There are a few bare spots, outstanding trade languages and the rising gen- but mis1sions are moving into these unoccupied eration will be reached by less than a dozen great areas, while extending the Gospel testimony tongues, with all the African literati speaking at around every occupied station. least one European language. Mission schools Let us come to our own special field, the Sudan.

MEMORIES OF FORTY YEARS IN AFRICA

In 1893, we could point to its vast areas and its the complaining prophet is a good answer to these 50 millions of people as the largest totally un- pessimists of our day. God's reply to him was: evangelized field of the world. Not a missionary occupied a territory much larger than India. "Behold ye among the heathen, (nations) and look, and wonder YfYUl,rvellously: for I am working Today in the three sections, Egyptian or a work in your days, which ye will not believe Eastern, Central now called Northern Nigeria, though it be told you." Hab. 1: 5, R. V. and the Western or French Sudan there are fifteen to twenty different societies at work. Our God is working that work in Africa today. No own Society, the Sudan Interior Mission, has one can heed that double exhortation, behold! nearly two hundred missionaries at work on forty look! with eyes toward the land known as the different stations with scores of outstations. We Dark Continent only 40 years ago, and not "wonhave in our own work there taken part in render- der marvellously." ing the Scriptures into fifteen languages, and on our Niger Press have printed portions of the CASTING OUT DEMONS IN SIAM* Word of God in forty different tongues for the By ALBERT SEIGLE various societies. Mr. and Mrs. Si T'o and their young child, after weeks Out from the lowest depths of savagery and sin of preparation for baptism, were received into the Chinese we have seen the power of the Gospel operative church in Bangkok. Several months passed, during which until thousands have been gathered into the fold time these "new born babes in Christ" were faithful in of Christ, and scores of little churches have been church attendance. The Christian workers and friends formed. While it is true that in this central have been faithful in their visitation and prayer with Sudan area there are millions yet who have not them in their home. heard the Gospel there are very few large tribes in which a beginning has not been made of Chris- A few weeks ago, after the regular Sunday morning tian testimony. The large Moslem provinces from service, it was told that Mrs. Si T'o was being troubled which missionaries were so long excluded are now by an evil spirit. After consulting with the worried husbeing entered. The six cooperating Societies in band it was decided to have a special prayer meeting at that sphere have only to keep up the active ad- their home. Armed with the Word of God, and going in vance of the past ten years for another ten to the name and power of the Lord Jesus Christ, a group ensure full occupancy of the whole of this terri- set out to see what could be done. tory. If three or four of the major societies of this Sudan area could be brought together, a Upon arrival four or five friends Lnd neighbors were comprehensive plan could be prepared for the present; two women sat with Mrs. Si T'o inside the one evangelization of the whole Sudan in another ten tiny room of the house. The husband and his friends sat years which would be both reasonable and prac- with the pastor and elders under a small lean-to just ticable with no greater faith than they have al- before the door. ready exercised, and no greater difficulties than have already been overcome. The service began with prayer followed by a hymn on the "Precious Name of Jesus." There were other prayers May we conclude with another great African and hymns and finally the Chinese pastor read a few field-Ethiopia. Our Sudan Interior Mission en- verses from the First Epistle of John, and gave a short tered this great mountain country only eight years exposition. Up until this time the meeting had gone along ago. The United Presbyterians and two Swedish smoothly, but as the pastor began to explain the Scripsocieties were there before us. But during the tures, Mrs. Si T'o–who was seated just inside the dooreight years of our occupancy we have seen more way-began to shake violently and mutter something to advance there than in twenty years of our earlier herself. The pastor was finally compelled to stop as the work. Even in the six years of depression our woman's voice grew louder and louder with every word work has gone steadily forward, our four stations of explanation. Two non-Christian friends took hold of increasing to fourteen, our missionary force there Mrs. Si T'o's arm, and in the language of the various from fourteen to seventy-four. Even since this Christian workers, she was urged to simply trust in Jesus terrible war began Gospel ministry has gone for- Christ and in His power. ward unceasingly. Had Italy left Haile Selassie alone in his sovereignty, we believe a very few During her raving this phrase was caught. "I can live years would see that great mountain Kingdom an here no longer. I want to go back to China." Some inevangelized field. terpreted this to mean that the evil spirit was saying, "Since Jesus came to live in this house I have been un- There are people at home who say that the days happy and wish to return to China." A close friend of of great revivals are past. But they remind us the family, an elder in the church, saw a tiny piece of of the old prophet who complained that God was red paper still clinging to the door facing, where once a not answering his prayers. And God's answer to spirit paper had been pasted. This he removed imme- diately. Two or three friends then prayed and during their prayers Mrs. Si T'o grew calmer. The meeting was closed with the old hymn, "I Am Trusting, Simply Trust- ing," and a prayer of benediction, asking God's blessing to rest upon the home. By this time Mrs. Si T'o was smiling and talking in a natural way, apparently uncon- scious of what had just happened, and began serving us tea.

• From The Siam Outlook, October, 1935.

REPUBLIC'S

Nlc,&UIU.a K o n. . Cost. RIc. 2. Shenal P"n,l,mil J. Sh","" BU115h CUlana 4. Hopei 9 Dutch GUlillU. 10 Fanch GUlaR. 5- 6. Honan I). YWlftan 19. II. ECUildof 7. Shantunl 14· K'IW1 Ch-ow 20 P •• ilCu&Y IJ U(Utu&y • 14 rl~rril dl'l FUflO THE PRINCIPAL GElOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD (This map will assist the reader in l<Jcating unoccupied mi'8wn fields) [348 J

Mission Fields and

Evangelization _o..utllol==B""Y""A""L""E""X""A""ND=""ER=M=CL""E""I""SH"",=LO""n""d""o""n,=En""g""la""n""d==!.!II~- I N THIS article we will consider only the un- conditions, nomadic habits of the people, or in the evangelized populations of the mission field. sparcity of population. It can safely be said that Almost every week the World Dominion offices this complexity of geographical, political, linguisreceive enquiries regarding unoccupied mission tic and religious obstacles is greater than anyfields, and many new enterprises have had their thing that has been hitherto encountered. This, origin in the information provided. indeed, is largely why such areas are still un- It is significant also to note that one of the occupied. study groups at the fiftieth anniversary of the A brief consideration of the unoccupied areas Student Volunteer Movement at Indianapolis was devoted to this question alone. This marks a new will show the nature of these difficulties. Outer appreciation of the realities of the situation con- 111ongolia, Russian Turkestan and other Asiatic fronting the Church in the world today. Soviet Republics were always difficult of access and, owing to religious fanaticism and the no- In any study of the unfinished task of Chris- madic habits of the people, have never been occutian missions, it must be realized at the outset pied. These difficulties have been increased since that the problem is not merely one of entering the domination of the Soviet Government. unoccupied territory or reaching with the Gospel millions of individuals. The situation is much Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan and Afghanistan, all more complicated than that. On the one hand, strongholds of Buddhism or Islam, are unoccunon-Christian systems of religion, often closely pied owing to internal political and religious obassociated with nationalism, have laid stronger stacles which, so far as organized missions are hold on masses of people so that the individual is concerned, are greater today than they have ever not free to consider the claims of Christianity, been. The native territory of Baluchistan and owing to the psychological and spiritual inhibi- most of the Native States of the Himalayas have tions which must first be overcome. On the other been unoccupied owing to their inaccessibility, hand, the task of evangelization is intimately conservatism, sparsity of populations and linguisbound up with the spiritual vitality and evan- tic difficulties. Out of the 562 States in the Ingelistic outreach of indigenous churches in neigh- dian Empire, at least five hundred have not been boring fields. In addition to the foreign mission- entered by Christian missions, and many of their ary, the groups of Christians associated with him Rajahs will not allow missionaries to live in their have become of vital significance. In many cases territories. little further can be achieved in reaching the untouched hinterlands without the effective coopera- In the Netherlands Indies, half of the 48,000,000 tion of the indigenous Christian groups. people among whom missionary work is permitted have not yet been brought into touch with any There is no easy solution to the problem; it evangelizing agency, while there are 12,000,000 will not do to simply call for more missionaries more in areas where the Government will not aland new societies, and imagine that by so doing low mission work owing to fear of political comthe call is being adequately answered. In almost plications. In view of the general missionary every case the method of approach requires very situation, the evangelization of these 36,000,000 careful study. Mere enthusiasm will not solve people devolves upon the Dutch missionary societhese unfinished tasks. The missionary strategist ties and such others as they may call to their help must be wise as a serpent and harmless as a dove. and who are prepared to cooperate with them. The unoccupied fields of the world today have It would be inadvisable for outside missions to generally remained so for some very definite rea- enter this field, except by invitation. son. These reasons are variously found in the opposition of governments and ancient religious Most of Africa during the last fifty years has systems, in the geographical difficulties, climatic been open to missions, but recently difficulties created by Roman Catholic Governments are rais- ing new barriers. It is clear that Italian control [349 ]

makes work by Protestant missions well-nigh im- 1,200,000 in China and 3,000,000 in India. While possible in their territory; and at the instance of China has been subject to many upheavals, India the Roman Catholic Church new restrictions are has benefited by a hundred years of peace and being placed upon Protestant missions in Spanish, order under a Christian government. In addi- Portuguese and Belgian colonies. Two-thirds of tion, while the vast majority in India are drawn Africa is under the control of Roman Catholic from the depressed classes, there has been no corpowers and the Roman Church makes full use of responding class in China, with the exception of political action, through which its opposition is 'the aboriginal peoples. The difference on closer becoming stronger every day. In the north the examination, therefore, is not quite so great as at barrier of Islam has prevented the foundation of first appears. Nevertheless, whichever way the even one strong indigenous Church. situation is viewed, the number of unevangelized peoples is very great. A liberal estimate gives the In South America the example of Mexico in pro- still unoccupied fields in China as 45 per cent of hibiting most of the activities of the foreign mis- its area. Of the 1,608 counties in the 18 provsionary, owing to the fact that the Roman Church, inces, 293 are quite unoccupied and 206 prac-· as always happens in the long run, has antago- tically so. nized the political authorities, is being followed in many republics, such as Peru, Ecuador and Vene- More than half the counties of Manchukuo are zuela. The maj or part of the interior is without also unoccupied and the population is being rapevangelical witness, and the position of foreign idly increased by Koreans and Chinese, as well missionaries is likely to become increasingly diffi- as by refugees from Soviet Russia. cult. New methods of work must be devised. While Korea records two per cent of its pop- Neglected Rural Areas ulation as connected with the Christian Church, it is obvious that the extent of the unoccupied field In addition to these regions, missionary occu- is still very great. This is specially true of the pation is very weak in the rural areas of Japan, northern areas. Yet, owing to the exceptional China and British India. In Japan nearly all the cooperation of the Korean Christians, Korea is missionaries live in 110 towns. In China there by far the most evangelized region of the Far are only 1,130 mission centres in its 400,000 towns East. and villages, and about 1,000 stations among the 672,000 towns and villages of India. In addi- Interest has usually been so centered on the action there are in the latter between 50,000 and tivities of the various missions that it is easy to 60,000 villages in which Christians are to be forget that beyond these areas are vast unreached found. On any consideration of the situation, populations. It is true, as the case of Korea however, there are large unevangelized areas in shows, that the cooperation of the native Christhese lands. A concerted effort by the missions tians has been an essential factor, yet the task is already there is called for to reach the villages of so great that all the encouragement and coopera- Japan. The Chinese, as a whole, have proved tion of foreign missionaries is essential to its difficult to reach with the Gospel. There are only completion. Further, it must be realized that in 488,539 Protestant Church members, an exces- many of the so-called occupied areas the appeal sively large proportion of whom are drawn from is being made to only one section of the popUlathe aboriginal peoples. In India the depressed tion. In some cases this is a social class, or a classes and the aboriginal peoples have provided racial or religious group. There are, therefore, over ninety per cent of the Protestant community many unoccupied fields even in occupied areas. of over three million. The challenge of the next decade is how to reach the fifty million of the de- Another complication lies in the fact that in the pressed classes, whose leader has now declared his days of greater prosperity, missions demarcated purpose to withdraw from Hinduism; and there spheres of work which in many cases they have is also the problem of the eight million aboriginals never been able to evangelize properly, and these who are rapidly being absorbed by Hinduism and extensive hinterlands are to be found in nearly Islam. every mission field today.

It may be urged that it is not fair to compare A limiting factor exists also in the presence of the difference in membership of the Church in Roman Catholic missions, which wholly monopo- China and India. The 500,000 members in China lize certain regions into which Protestant misindeed ought to be compared not with the total sions have not penetrated. Christian community as is often done, but with the actual membership of the Church in India of The problem of unoccupied regions is, however, 1,500,000. The respective Christian communities, by no means that of mere numbers of people still including adherentg and children, are probably unreached, for if the areas are examined which fall under this description, it will be seen that they are strongholds of the great historical reli- gions – BuddhiRID, Hinduism, Islam, Confucian-

UNOCCUPIED MISSION FIELDS AND THEIR EVANGELIZATION

ism and Shintoism – and that the challenge is has an adequate missionary force, averaging 400 that of hard places where these religions are most to the million people, which, when compared with stronglly entrenched. Very often geographical the 17 of India, and the 18 of China, shows the difficulties are associated with these strongholds relative extent of missionary occupation. One of conservatism, and it must be recognized that factor accounting for this large ratio is the very the easier tasks have been attempted and the scattered nature of the islands and the small pop- more approachable peoples have been reached, and ulations amounting in all to only 2,000,000 people.

that it is the difficult regions and the harder prob- This, to some extent, justifies a greater occupa- lems which still remain to be faced. tion than in the compact densely populated areas Where Missionaries Are Working of Asia. In Africa, where among a very much smaller Much light is thrown upon the problem of the population than in the other great mission fields unfinished task, and how to overtake it, by con- (being in fact less than half that of either China sidering the extent of missionary occupation in or India), there is a larger number of mission- aries (7,552), giving a proportion of 50 missionthe various fields. Relatively Korea is the best occupied country aries to the million people. This is about three in the Far East where, including missionaries' times that of India. Here again this is partly· wives and single women workers there are 28 justified by the huge area of the country and its missionaries to two million people. Next comes sparse population, and by the great confusion of the Philippines with 26 to the million, then China political and linguistic groups. The easier task of proper with 18, Manchukuo with 9, the Nether- winning the pagan peoples has also attracted lands Indies with 76, and Indo-China with only 2. many missions. For example, in a few years in These ratios give a good idea of the order of need the Belgian Congo the number of missions has in regard to missionary occupation in these coun- increased from ten to forty-two. When it is noted tries, and also indicate relatively the extent of further than half of these 7,552 missionaries are in South Africa, and only 800 in the whole of the unoccupied field and the unfinished task. The occupation of India, Siam, Malaya and North Africa including Egypt, a good idea of the Burma is in each case about seventeen mission- unequal nature of the missionary occupation is aries to the million. These fields are nearly alto- obtained. gether occupied by the larger missionary societies To appreciate the nature and extent of missionof the churches of the United Kingdom and the ary occupation, each country must be studied in United States of America, and in addition, in the detail, but in general it can be said that some of case of India, of Europe and the Dominions. In the larger Boards ought long ere this to have en- India this occupation is very unequal, half the tered the Moslem areas of central and western total missionary force being found in the Madras North Africa, and an effort at least equal to that Presidency. With regard to the other three: in in Egypt should have been made in these French Siam, the maj or part of the work is in the hands and Spanish colonial territories. Many missions of the American Presbyterian Mission; in Ma- in Equatorial Africa stand in need of strengthenlaya, of the American Methodist Episcopal ing, more particularly in the French territories of Church; in Burma, of the American Baptist Mis- the West African hilnterland and French Equasion. In these countries also missionary occupa- torial Africa. For the moment it may be said tion is confined to certain areas and classes. In that the occupation of Angola, the Congo, Uganda. Siam the Buddhists in the south, and especially and Kenya is adequate. Other colonies in this round Bangkok, have proved a hard field, while region may need some reinforcement. South success has been greater in the northern regions Africa can no longer be reckoned as a mission both on the plains and in the hills. In Malaya, field. Its force of Christian workers and Church where half the population is composed of Malays members should be adequate to meet the situation. who are Moslems, practically nothing has been This remark also includes the Protectorates of done for them by missions, all the work being Swaziland, Basutoland and Bechuanaland, the carried on among the Chinese and among the Mandated Territory of Southwest Africa, and Tamil immigrants from India. In Burma much also the Rhodesias. A study of the latter area remains to be done amongst the Shans and other shows that further occupation depends upon the hill tribes, but the great problem here is the Bud- extension of the work of the present societies.

dhist Burmese, upon whom comparatively little With regard to the occupation of nominally impression has yet been made by missions. Roman Catholic countries, there is undoubtedly a The Pacific Islands are adequately occupied by great and growing demand for evangelical work- missionaries. The eastern half of these islands ers. The peculiar difficulties of work under Cath- is already fully evangelized; and the other half olic Governments are well known, and restrictions

are likely to become greater wherever, on the one This the most obvious common sense, and yet hand, the Roman Catholic Church can command it is ignored by many missions with the result political support, or on the other, governments in that dearly bought experience has to be won over revolt against Catholic influence impose antireli- again under the most unfavorable conditions, and gious laws which affect Roman Catholics and men and resources are thus being continually Protestants alike. wasted. These fields, as has been seen, are almost exclusively the last strongholds of conservatism In South America every kind of Protestant and religious bigotry, and deserve the best that work needs reinforcing, and even where mission- can be provided for their evangelization. aries, owing to anti-religious legislation, can no longer discharge the functions of pastors or edu- It is vital, therefore, that the student world cators, there are, nevertheless, other types of should hear the call to reinforce the larger miswork of a more personal and less organized na- sions. It is important to remember that the smallture open to foreigners, which may be in the long er missions, while they have made a notable run even more fruitful. Organized activities in contribution, have never been able to do work on these republics will ere long be confined exclusive- the same scale and with the same thoroughness as ly to nationals. The sooner, therefore, foreigners that of the missions of the great churches. A realize the new situation, the better it will be for comparison of results in several fields has shown the eventual evangelization of these countries. clearly how much more far-reaching have been The same is true in large measure of the Latin investments in men and resources in the larger countries of Europe. mission undertakings. Latterly, many of the mis- sion boards have found it difficult to get the best The Need for Reinforcement type of student. In Great Britain over 200 va- cancies exist for qualified people, which cannot This review shows that all the larger missions be filled. The temptation has been great to send need reinforcing in order to overtake the great out less qualified people, with the usual trail of task of building up the indigenous church within difficulties attending this policy. A very definite the area for which it can be reasonably considered challenge lies upon the student world to face the responsible, and the work of evangelizing the still call of today, and of the boards to so relate their untouched areas beyond. The multiplication of call to them that the hope of eventually entering societies, as far as possible, should cease, and unoccupied fields can once again form part of the every effort be made to strengthen the existing appeal. societies which have garnered so much valuable experience and have associated with them a con- The call, however, to reach unevangelized peosiderable indigenous Christian Church. The ob- ples is not one that concerns only the missionary ject of such reinforcements should be that more candidate. That is an extremely narrow way of and more rapidly the indigenous Christian forces looking at the problem. It depends upon the whole shall be fitted to take up the whole task of evan- impact of Christian nations upon non-Christian gelism and carry it forward to completion. While communities and upon every Christian who is in the work of the foreign missionary, more than in contact with them bearing an adequate witness, the past, must be viewed as of a temporary char- whether the connection be trade, commerce, govacter, yet under the most favorable conditions the ernment or travel. In some cases these will be maximum contribution of both mission and the only contacts possible, and this constitutes a church is vital to the success of the enterprise. demand that Christian students today should con- sider their relationship to the missionary call not This review shows further that for the most simply as that of presenting themselves to a mispart only experienced missionaries should be sion board, but as to how they themselves as asked to undertake these more difficult remaining Christians should respond to Christ's command tasks which have been described. Men of from to be witnesses to Him wherever they may be. ten to fifteen years' experience who have become acclimatized and have acquired the requisite Should the missionary appeal be presented to knowledge of customs and languages should be the Christian student from this point of view, I singled out by the mission boards and assigned to am sure it would meet with a very real and wide this work, while the new missionary should be response. From amongst the larger numbers of employed in the more settled conditions of the those who would respond to such an appeal'suffioccupied fields where he in turn may acquire the cient numbers would be found prepared to accept necessary experience to occupy later the first line specific calls by mission boards to undertake the posts. definite tasks which the foreign mission fields present.

OF THE EARLY CLASSES IN ST. CHRISTOPHER'S TRAINING

In the centre are Miss Chandler, Miss Brockway (Principal) and Miss Devasahayam (Vice-Principal). Two students are Hindus while the others are Indian .Christians. This is one of the earliest classes trained. At least eight of the above young women are now heads of gIrls' schools. Two are Inspectresses under the Department of Public Instruction. All are in educational work in places as widely separated as Travancore and Poona.

How Education Helps Indian Girls The Story of St. Christopher's 'Training College and the South Indian School Teachers –e&f By CHARLOTTE C. WYCKOFF, Chittoor, South India A Missionary of the Reformed Church in America H OW is it pQssible for an Indian woman to ing the double burden of home and school duties. teach school, bound as she is by the custom Hindu women now are eager to send their daugh- of early marriage and by close confinement ters to school. Girls of every caste throng the behind the purdah? The pioneers in India have high schools, the colleges, and the normal schools.

been Christian women who first had the oppor- Many take positions as teachers. An especially tunity to study and to train for professional interesting change is the movement to educate as service. teachers young widows who formerly would have For over fifty years Christian missions have been condemned to a life of hopeless drudgery, been sending out trained Christian women teach- with shaven heads and coarse white clothes.

ers of elementary grade to teach in Hindu and Many of these are now to be found in increasing Mohammedan as well as in Christian schools. numbers attending school and fitting themselves The progress in education for women is very for a life of service to their country as teachers, largely due to their efforts. These Christian doctors or nurses. Some even finish college and young women postponed marriage and even after become inspectresses of schools.

marriage some of them continued to teach, carry- Mohammedan women are even more backward [353 ]

than Hindus, but they too are going to school in and frequent reshaping of their theories. Teach- curtained carts to study behind closed doors, and ers must specialize as carefully as physicians, for even seek to train themselves as primary teachers. they are dealing with the mind and soul as well The masses of Hindu and Mohammedan women, as with the body of the child. They have no especially in the country, are as yet untouched by "waste paper" on which to practice. Their mis- this movement, but it is slowly spreading as mar- takes are costly, for they involve persons. We riage is postponed. cannot expect that a teacher, who is himself a Like all pioneers these teachers, whether Hindu, product of the rote-memorizing examination mill, Mohammedan or Christian, have great opportuni- and is exhausted by the daily grind of the class- ties and great difficulties. Their opportunities lie r-oom, can think out the needed changes in the along the line of working out a type of education whole system of education for a nation, without which will both attract and truly educate the the help of teachers' colleges.

masses of India's women, 98% of whom are still St. Christopher is the saint who found the illiterate. This means something far better than Christ through helping a child, and St. Christo- merely imitating the weaknesses of the boys' pher's College, which bears his name and his serv- schools which have, for the most part, stressed ice, has this as its aim. "Though there are as the passing of examinations as a means of getting many as 500 Christian secondary schools in In- Government "white-collar" jobs. It involves true dia," says the Lindsay Commission's Report, education of the most progressive sort, based on "there is in ,all India only one Christian training the culture of India, designed to develop women college of higher grade," and that one is St. Chris- who can build a new social order in this testing- topher's Training College, in Madras.

time of change. This college, like the saint whose name it bears, Some of the Difficulties has, been obliged from the beginning to wade , through torrents of difficulty. Its very existence The difficulties which these women teachers' has been threatened by one calamity after an- must undergo are due in part to the deep-rooted other. This baby-college was born in 1923, just conservatism of their own people whose reaction a year too late to profit by the great Three Mil- to the idea of higher education for girls is ex- lion Dollar Fund raised for seven women's col- pressed in the Tamil proverb: "How will educa- ,leges in the Orient. St. Christopher's had no fairy tion teach a girl to blow the fire.?" godmother at its christening. The twelve mis- If the masses of people look upon girls' schools sions that support the other two colleges for as merely convenient repositories for their too- women in South India promised to give a small wrigglesome small daughters at such hours as annual contribution.

they are not wanted at home, how then can one The Early Days expect that they will look with favor upon the idea of postponing that daughter's marriage until Miss Alice Van Doren and Miss Nora Brockshe is through high school? Indian women can- way set up housekeeping in a rented house in not conceive of the possibility of a respectable Madras in July, 1923, to provide for a small class woman's living an independent life apart from of college graduates as students. The next year her family, as a teacher must generally do. If Miss Brockway became principal, assisted by she must travel, or even walk through the streets Miss Lily Devasahayam, an experienced Indian to school, or take up her residence in a new place, graduate trained in England. Miss Van Doren she must have careful chaperonage unless she is was replaced by Miss Gertrude Chandler. Each strong enough in character and personality to re- year trained graduate teachers have been sent sist scandal and exploitation. into high schools and normal schools and super- It will not be an easy task for Indians to re- visory positions all over South India, and even make the educational system, as they alone can as far north as Lahore. The growing number of and must. Where are they to gain the breadth of students soon necessitated more bedrooms and vision and experience, the high ideals and liberal the college moved to another rented house. A conceptions of education which will fit them to whole village of palm-leaf huts was constructed accomplish this reformation? In America new upon the.. fiat, terraced roof of the old bungalow movements in education have sprung up from the that housed the college. Part of the roof was teachers' colleges where teachers receive not only screened off to serve as the chapel, which must be the techniques but the visions which lift school- the heart of a Christian college. In these huts on teaching out of its traditional ruts and make it a the roof abide the budding educationists to this force in the building of the nation. The profes- very day, although their "village" has twice been sors of these teachers' colleges have leisure and blown away by severe cyclones that swept in from means for constructive thinking, experimentation the sea.

HOW EDUCATION HELPS INDIAN GIRLS

Not only did it seem that the "stars in their St. Christopher's refused to commit suicide and, courses fought against" St. Christopher's, but on the contrary, has grown year by year in numthe Indian Department of Public Instruction as bers, prestige and influence. Its strong corp of well. In the second year of the college, grant-in- teachers has opened a new department for girls aid was nearly refused because the Government who have only completed the high school course had decided to open a women's training college of and, after two years of college life in the company its own. "We have money for land and buildings, of graduate students and staff, these younger girls a fine site by the seashore," they reported to the go out to fill important positions as teachers in twelve missions which were cooperating in the junior high schools (called Middle Schools in Insupport of St. Christopher's, and added: "Build dia) or even as heads of elementary schools. With a Christian hostel near us for your Christian stu- the graduates they tramp long distances on foot, dents, and let them attend our college." or ride by bus and tram to schools all over the city for observation and practice-teaching. These The logic of this seems at first irrefutable. makeshift arrangements involve a great deal of Why not provide Bible-teaching and other reli- waste of time and effort. This. college, like all gious education in connection with the Christian other teachers' colleges, should have its own prachostel, and avoid the expense of developing a tice school. Only lack of a few thousands of whole new institution? St. Christopher's staff dollars hinders the carrying out of a plan which and Council decided that, even without Govern- would put the college on a firm, permanent basis. ment aid, they must maintain their separate college, since students cannot get Christian educa- The faculty of St. Christopher's College contion in its best sense by adding an extraneous sists of English, Scotch, American and Indian Bible class to a purely secular course. The golden women of the highest qualifications for their. imthread of Christian faith and life must be woven portant task. Beside the five resident members, through the whole fabric of education, not put on two or three part-time lecturers come in from as an ornamental border. Unless teachers go other Madras institutions to supply the needs of forth aflame with a spirit of sacrificial service, Physical Training, Art and Indian Music. These how can they avoid the mercenary spirit which three departments should some day be developed blights the public education of so many of India's in such a way that teachers may specialize in schools? Hindus and Mohammedans themselves these fields which are neglected in Indian schools realize the disastrous effects of education divorced at present. The college also needs sufficient staff from religion, as is shown by the discussion which to meet the need of experienced teachers for "retook place at an All-India Women's Conference fresher courses," similar to the summer school held in Madras. The Christian teacher needs courses given by teachers' colleges in America. special training in the methods of Bible teaching St. Christopher's is one agency through which as well as character development. She must also this need can best be met in South India. be fitted to work in close cooperation with missionaries and must be trained gradually to take Gay young girls of St. Christopher's College, the place of foreign missionaries, by assuming laughing joyously at their games, experimenting administrative and supervisory positions. with the methods of various educationalists, seek- ing moments of quiet meditation to learn the Opportunities for Graduates secrets of Christ, the Great Teacher, too soon leave this home of loving fellowship, coil up their The young woman who goes into Government long braids and bend their backs to the burden service, as so many Christian teachers have done, of training their country's youth. If their edumay not be permitted to teach Christ directly, but cation has taught them anything, it has taught she may be, in her own personality, "the only them to "blow the fire"-to breathe upon the di- Bible that the non-Christians will read." If she vine flame that smoulders even in the heart of an comes to her work aflame with the spirit of Christ outcaste child, to cherish and nourish the flame in as her Master, with sterling character and quali- the hearts of every child who turns to them for ties of leadership, she may rise high in her pro- help, to replenish their own flame from the Difession and attain an influence impossible to the vine Source of light and power that they may teacher in a private Christian school. While some have wherewith to give. Their patient, skilful may have failed to live up to the opportunities of blowing of this fire will start a conflagration that these positions, many have won respect for them- will sweep all India! selves and their faith by the uprightness of their characters. [Further information about St. Christopher's Training College may be obtained from Mrs. F. G. Cook, 44 Garden St., Cambridge, Mass.]

of Modernism in Islam*

By JAMES E. KINNEAR, Cairo, Egypt Recently Secretary of the Nile Mission Press O WING to the impact of Western civilization, sorry to say many have dropped the custom alto- especially since the Great War, upon Mo- gether. May God forgive them, if they call them- hammedanism, a feeling has sprung up selves Moslems!" among the educated classes that the old religion The effendi was rather intrigued by the sheikh's of Islam is out of place in present world condi- outspokenness. He replied: tions. Some have discarded their religion alto- "Well, you see, I am one of those who believe gether, while others maintain that Islam should in reforming Islam. The movement for modern- be thoroughly modernized. Some idea of this "neo- izing our religion is very strong in Turkey, and Islam," against the ba'ckground of the older tra- as I can see by the newspapers here, there is a dition, may be'gained from an imaginary conver- growing feeling that certain things ought to be sation between representatives of the old and the changed to make Islam up-to-date."

new schools of thought. The sheikh looked horrified, and raised his On a journey from Suez to Cairo, across burn- hands in protest. The other went on: ing and glaring desert sands, the only other occu- "Just the other day I noticed a letter in the pant of the railway compartment was a sheikh, newspaper suggesting that the fast of Ramadan who had just returned from the pilgrimage to should be greatly modified to suit modern condi- Mecca. A third person joined us before the train tions of living. It is the sort of thing that was moved off, and the dialogue which started up be- common in the Turkish press about ten years ago.

tween this newcomer and the sheikh proved to be The gist of the argument was – and he's quite most interesting. right, of course – that the practice of fasting all The new arrival was of the effendi class and day for a month on end was not a great hardship proved to be a Turk who had spent five or six on the Arabs, who lived an easy kind of life, and years in Egypt in business, which accounted for who could afford to take the fast month more or his fluency in Egyptian colloquial Arabic. The less as a holiday. True, Mohammed (upon him sheikh, a man between thirty and forty years, be peace), made exception in the case of the sick wore the customary flowing robes of his class. and those traveling and so forth, but he made no The sheikh, who more or less continuously kept provision for those who have to go on earning up a low muttering of prayers and fingered his their living by hard labor. Think of the condi- rosary unceasingly, declined to take a cigarette tions prevailing in large cities, where many thou- when offered it by the effendi. After a time the sands get no respite from their work in Ramadan.

latter unwrapped a paper parcel containing his Think, too, of the fellah in Egypt. He has to go lunch, a small chicken, some black olives, a piece on toiling. I tell you the big fast is an intolerable of white cheese and a round flat loaf of bread. In burden to multitudes. You can't blame them for accordance with Eastern custom he pressed the throwing it up altogether."

sheikh to help himself. As he politely refused, "Surely one's obedience to Allah and His he added, "I am fasting, my good fellow. Are you Prophet comes before one's physical comfort,"

not keeping Ramadan also?" exclaimed the sheikh. "Would you dare change "Sorry," said the other. "No, I'm not keeping the decrees of the Holy Prophet which descended the fast." Then after a pause he turned to the upon Him directly from Allah?"

other smiling and said, "I'm a Turk, you know; "Another thing is this," went on the Turk, tak- and the fast of Ramadan is not nearly so strictly ing little- notice of the interruption. "The fast observed there as it used to be. I notice in Egypt was introduced at a time when the solar calendar the great majority of the people observe it." was followed, so that the fast fell at the same "Yes, I believe that is true," returned the season every year. Later the lunar year was sheikh, "but there are very many who only pre- adopted, and it seems that the Prophet overlooked tend to keep it, eating food on the sly. And, I'm the fact that the fast would then frequently fall in the hot summer months when long days are an * From Blessed Be Egypt, April, 1936. undue hardship to all the Believers."

[356 ] The sheikh's astonishment and horror knew no Moslems would have to spend the whole day in bounds. "What," he cried, "you would charge the saying fifty prayers!" Holy Prophet, who was none other than the mouthpiece of God, with falling into error, as At this both laughed; even the sheikh saw the though he were like any common man? Why, point. the very pillars of religion are being undermined! What next will you modernists be doing? It's "Yes," he said, "there is a danger if we get nothing short of heresy, rank heresy, this sort of away from the simplicity of the Koran. As long thing. . . . " as we stick to the Blessed Book we shall keep to the straight path. But I must say I don't like The effendi tried to calm him, saying: what you've done in Turkey, translating the glo- rious Arabic of the angel Gabriel into another "Surely you know that there is a strong school language in which Allah never spoke to men." of thought amongst Moslems these days which does not accept the traditional view of the "That's just where we modernists differ. What Prophet. It is one thing to believe the Holy we say is, if you want Islam to propagate itself Koran, but, believe me, it is another thing to ac- among the unbelievers you must remove every encept all the traditions of the early followers, even cumbrance from it. .If we insist that the Koran though they are classed as genuine. Take that be kept in Arabic the knowledge of it will never absurd story found in Sahib Bukhari's works, for spread to any degree. True, the eloquence of the instance, a masterpiece of untruth and stupidity. Arabic can never be reproduced in another lan- The Koran tells of Mohammed being taken to the guage, but surely the contents of the book are more Holy City only at night, and later adds that it was important than its eloquence." in a dream. So there was no possibility of a miracle, you see? But these zealous traditionists "That may be so, but if I can believe what I take Mohammed to the Seventh Heaven, write hear, you don't stop at that. You even find fault down a voluminous account of his voyage, and with the text of the Koran itself. What on earth claim that Mohammed himself related all these are we coming to?" things. In short, they make the Prophet a liar, and introduce a lot of unnecessary miraculous "Well, you know," the effendi tried to assure stuff that only makes our religion a laughing him, adopting a quiet and deliberate manner, "the stock in the eyes of Westerners." Koran of course contains the very essence of re- ligion, the religion, but the great message which' "But what is to prevent God having taken the the Prophet came to deliver can be expressed in Prophet to heaven?" asked the sheikh rather a few lines-the true principles of religion. Mohotly. "Did he not condescend to work many and hammed considered these basic principles enough divers miracles at the hand of Mohammed? So for Islam and did not deem it necessary to teach why should it be thought incredible. . . ." all the other verses of the Koran. Some verses have nothing to do with religion; they simply "Miracles?" interrupted the effendi. "Who at- echo the trouble that arose over certain matters. tributes miracles to Mohammed? That is more There was no reason why the whole Moslem comof the traditional overloading of the simple truth. munity should know these – husband-and-wife Do you still hold to that sOlt of thing? Why quarrels, jealousies, improprieties and so forth. don't you read an up-to-date life of Mohammed It seems that Mohammed himself did not give to like that recently published by Haekal Bey? Any the whole of the Koran the importance accorded mention of miracles in that? Of course not. And to it later on." Into the sheikh's scandalized ears further, what about the origin of the obligatory he poured the doctrine that "We must learn to prayer five times a day? You know what these differentiate between the important and the unold traditionists say about that, don't you? How important verses." Mohammed, after receiving commandments directly from God, at his ascent into heaven, met As the sheikh, with upraised hands, could only Moses on the way back. Moses, like one of the utter a deprecatory "Allah!" the effendi continued present-day reporters, interviews the Prophet and to propound his doctrine. "We need to revise the when he hears that Moslems 'have consented to old revelation, you see. Nothing short of it. If burden his people with fifty prayers a day, tells Islam is going to survive, we must cease to be him that they will refuse to bear such a burden, sticklers for many of its external forms. They and that he should go back and get a discount. are relatively unimportant." Mohammed went and returned, but with insufficient discount, and Moses obliges him to go back "Yes," the sheikh cut in, "you're even proposing several times more, until the matter boils down to do away with Friday as the day of rest in Turto five prayers a day. So, had it not been for the key, I see. . . ." prudence and bargaining skill of Moses, today "Of "Course. And there are plenty in Egypt too who think the same way and act on it. Trade is so fully developed with Westerners living in Mos- lem lands these days. You can't lose two days in

the week, both Friday and Sunday. It won't be fare and killing, for men to marry five or six long before Sunday is officially adopted in Turkey wives. Men were relatively scarce then. But as the weekly holiday. The Government offices in such doctrine is out-of-date. I would go so far as Egypt are practically the only places that close to advocate the passing of a law forbidding plural down on Friday now." marriages. . . . No woman can be true to a man married to another wife if she knows that he is "There seems to be a mad rush to copy thesE' deceiving and betraying her. If she had the power Europeans. They've come here and disturbed she would condemn him to death. How can a man everything. . . . " and woman live together in insincerity? You can respect no woman as your wife unless you know While the sheikh was delivering himself in this her to be sincere. Otherwise it were better to strain, reiterating his sentiments somewhat mo- leave her at once. . . . The duty of the Egyptian notonously, I thought it time to offer my contri- woman is to work through Feminist Societies to bution to the discussion. The chance was too good pass a law which will forbid plurality of wives, to miss. except in times of war. Representations should be made to the king, to ministers and public "Excuse me," I said, "here's something worth bodies. She should not alienate the right to enjoy reading." I handed to the effendi my copy of her husband's love exclusively without sharing Al-Ahram, a Cairo Arabic daily, pointing out a him with other wives." letter which occupied the best of a column. "Read that to your friend." "The times are sadly out of joint indeed," cried the sheikh, and went on to develop the sad theme He took it and read: "I was much surprised at in no uncertain language. But his tirade was soon your paper for favoring plurality of wives, for I cut short by our arrival at the noisy railway stalittle thought you would defend such retrograde tion of the metropolis. custom, which, God knows, is not consistent with the times in which we live. It may have been natural in the old days when there was so much war- A Moslem Seeker Who Found God By REV. L. BEVAN JONES, Lahore, Punjab 1I )8- Principal of the Henry Martyn School of Islamics I HARD and unpromising though the soil of of this unique person, was met one day in dra- most Moslem hearts appears to be, we yet matic fashion. Happening to mention his wish have reason every now and then to thank in the house of a Moslem, formerly a missionary's God and take fresh courage because of evidence servant, the latter tossed a copy to him as though glad to be rid of it. Alim-ud-din received it as a that the Gospel of His grace works with saving very gift from God. He now began a diligent study of the Scriptures, and the more he read the power in these hearts also. ~ more convinced he became that in Christ, and not in Mohammed, is God's way of salvation for sin- One such seeker after God, who found Him, is ful men.

old man Alim-ud-din ("learned in the faith"), In his own community he was a well-to-do ta- lugdar (landowner), and yet withal singularly now passed to his reward. humble in spirit. But though his home was in a village on the outskirts of Dacea, it was long be- Always of a devout and inquiring turn of mind fore he made contact with the missionarie,s who lived there. One day he stopped in a street to this man had, while still quite young, read listen to the preaching" and something said by one of the missionaries was God's word that found through the Arabic Koran a number of times. In lodgment in his heart. Alim-ud-din was then over fifty years of age. this and certain devotional books of the Moslems Now, Bible in hand, he would debate the claims he had been arrested by significant remarks con- of Christ with local Moslem leaders. He used to cerning Christ. Incredible though it may sound, to Him are there given titles and tributes higher than anything accorded to Mohammed. Conclud- ing that Jesus is, in some special way, supremely worthy, Alim-ud-din formed the habit of reciting the'se tributes, in the Mosque itself, instead of the usual 'liturgical prayers.

His longing to secure a Bible, and so learn more

A MOSLEM SEEKER WHO FOUND GOD

speak of one occasion in particular, when to his concern to pass on to others the message of God's consternation he found assembled at the rendez- Salvation through Christ. He came for copies of vous a great concourse of people who were there the Gospel and Christian literature that he might to give support to their "doctors of the law." His give these away, or read them aloud to others. In courage quite failed him and, to his shame, he his own way he became an evangelist, witnessing crept away without saying a word on behalf of fearlessly for Christ among his own people. Christ. Frequently he would seize one's hand in both Years passed by and then, overcoming his shy- of his and, with a rare smile on his dear old face, ness, he accosted one of the mission evangelists would exclaim: "How can I thank you enough for and was brought by him to the present writer. the ratna (jewel; i. e., Jesus) you have brought By this time he had read the Gospels to such good to me!" God's Spirit had quickened the seed. purpose that he could repeat from memory many sayings of Jesus. While to us he seemed ready TWO MOSLEM CONVERTS AND DR. ZWEMER for baptism he himself, for some reason, held Alim-ud-din and Musharraf in India in 1927 back. And then one morning he came with grave face to tell of a dream in which he had seen the When God called him Home the evangelist, Christ. "And now," he said, "I dare not die with Peter Sircar, wrote saying: "I am not grieved my faith in Him unconfessed. I have no faith about his death, because he is now with Jesus on whatsoever in Mohammed. He himself was a whose account he had for so long borne reviling sinner. I am a sinner and I want peace, the peace abuse and neglect at the hands of his own people." that Christ gives, before I die." But in the end those very people were constrained to bear this testimony: "He was a most trust- At his baptism he was given for his encourage- worthy and God-fearing man; we shall never see ment the text: "If God be for us, who can be His like again in this village." It is fitting, thereagainst us?" Trouble quickly followed, and his fore, that the epitaph on his tombstone in the vilfoes proved to be those of his own household. His lage should take the form of a witness to others wife, his only son, and the neighbors rose up to of his great quest and still greater discovery: persecute him. Maulois ("doctors of the law") came, and with cunning assured him that he could ALIM-UD-DIN, a devout and humble seeker after truth, maintain his devotion to Christ within the fold of Who, guided by the witness of the Quran, Islam; so why not return and cease to be a cause Searched the Christian Scriptures and found Jesus, of grief to them all? As a result of their argu- The Way, the Truth, and the Life. ments Alim-ud-din recanted.

It was a distressing experience to go to the old man's home and show him what his apostasy must mean to God. We vowed that we would pray that God might cause him such pain at the thought of it that he would cry out for mercy. Tears were streaming down his cheeks as we left.

He was at length convicted of sin by the Holy Spirit and later returned to us, with a grievous burden on his soul. Had he not, he asked, committed the unpardonable offence? How, then, could God forgive him? Many were the talks we had, but he was not easily persuaded that great as was his sin, God's grace is greater still. Nevertheless, reassurance and relief came, and it was a happy day for us all! One after another of the deacons of the church pleaded for him in prayer to God that he might enter fully into the joy of forgiveness.

Once again persecution followed, and Alim-uddin prepared for the day when he might have to go forth as an exile from his own home. But in the mercy of God that necessity did not arise. He lived down the opposition and by his transparent goodness and meekness actually won the admiration and esteem of his Moslem neighbors.

In place of the old timidity he developed a new

Limko Christians of

By the REV. PAUL C. MELROSE, I Los Angeles, California 1'- ~==========================~ "FOREIGN Teacher, I have no money and only and made it a communistic center. In a few days these two hands to work with, but I wish to the tide turned, however; loyalists drove out the enter your school." Reds and the church was again occupied by the The principal of the mission school for boys at Christians. The next year they bought a new Nodoa, Hainan, looked at the Limko lad, Fu Vun piece of land and, after self-sacrificing effort, Khai, and said: built a fine new chapel.

"How can I receive you when the school is full Soon after the dedication, Pastor Fu stated that and I cannot provide work for another one?" a new building was needed at the main Limko center at Hou-Iang. Their present building had "Yes, Teacher," said the boy, "but I just must been in use not more than ten years but even for come to school." ordinary services was now inadequate. The mis- The principal capitulated. "Take off your sion decided to work for a new evangelistic center coat," he replied, "and help me with this black- on a fifty-fifty basis, the Limko church promising smithing." $2,000 and the missionaries agreeing to ask So began the training of Pastor Fu of the friends at home for the same amount.

Limkos of Hainan, who now preaches to one of If Pastor Fu had been able to foresee the future the largest congregations on the island. he might ;well have hesitated. The first great ob- Who are the Limkos? We Americans are apt ' stacIe was famine. For three seasons the rains to think of every other nation a!'l l}aving only one failed and the rice rose in price until the poor language. This is far from true in China. In Limkos could not afford to buy. They made sweet the Island of Hainan, the mass of Chinese speak potatoes (known in Hainan as the "bread of povthe Hainanese dialect with variations, but in the erty") the staple of diet. Then war came and interior we find aboriginal tribes which retain brought ruin in its train. The communists forti- their distinctive dress and customs, and their own fied a near-by village and made that their headlanguage. There are "tame" aborigines such as quarters until government troops dislodged them. the Kheng-toa, Limko and Damtsiu Lois. In the After the battle the village of one thousand homes mountain regions there are also "wild" aborigines was obliterated and the inhabitants were either such as the Mia,us and Lois. Colonies of Kakkas killed, captured or scattered. Nearly one hundred and Cantonese live near Nodoa. The Limkos are destitute Christians found refuge in the chapel.

found in a district fifty miles and more west of Pastor Fu fed them as long as he could and then Hainan's one treaty-port, Hoihow. In ancient appealed to the mission for help. But during all times this tribe probably drifted over from the this period the Limkos never lost sight of the goal. mainland of Asia, since their language has much The money was pledged and paid in. A beautiful in common with that of the Laos of Siam. Less new site was purchased, temporary quarters were than a generation ago the Limkos first heard the erected, a well dug, bricks purchased, and the Gospel and since then they have come into the walls went up. Meanwhile the American friends Christian Church in increasing numbers. Isaiah's had not been idle. The family of the late Wm. word may well be applied to them: "A little one J. Leverett provided $1,000 and the new chapel shall become a thousand and a small one a strong was named the Leverett Memorial Chapel. In nation." October, 1931, the new house of worship was dedi- cated, with a brief address by the Nodoa pastor, During the dark days of 1926-2'7 the Limko Rev. Li, and the prayer by Pastor Fu. Christians at Notia were subjected to bitter per- secution. Anti-Christian papers were pasted on Later word from the field tells of the organizathe chapel walls; efforts were made to prevent tion of another Limko church at the district city. meetings for worship; the townspeople said it This new group of about two hundred members was time to "take back" the chapel property, and is an offshoot of Pastor Fu's organization, and a leading communist openly used the chapel for a plans to call a pastor. The Limkos of Hainan are primary school. Finally the Reds seized the town coming into the Kingdom.

[360 ] By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America THE Iraq Government is building a modern Christ and His teachings and principles. He plant for its medical school in Baghdad. The needs to know the philosophical principles and day for medical and educational missionary technique for embodying those principles in actual work in that country has passed, as. it is passing life. He needs to know how to live as a follower in the whole Near East. There will be a time of of Christ in this confused modern jungle, and he transition but eventually the New Iraq will not needs to know how outsiders can enter and begin need medical missionaries, just as Japan does not to live as Christians. now. How do men enter the Kingdom of God? By a Unfortunately there will probably not be as miracle which God works in their hearts, always.

many of these years of transition as would be for Lacking that miracle, any results that we may the country's good. Missionary schools and hos- think we see are futile and temporary things. pitals could make a genuine contribution for a We have been sent out to cooperate with God long time to come, but the tide of nationalism rises in that process. He has made us His indispensable higher and higher and apparently the government partners. Our commission is to "make disciples." is ready to dispense with all foreign contributions. If making disciples is fundamentally working in Recent legislation in Iran did not regulate pri- cooperation with God to accomplish a miracle, then mary mission education. rt was abolished, and on obviously the one matter of real importance is to all sides we hear the assurance that higher edu- discover how God wants this done, and then to cation is soon to walk the same plank. In that cooperate with Him as reverently and as diligently country, too, it is more and more difficult for any as we can. Our success will depend on how well outsider to secure permission to practice medicine. our efforts please Him, and not on anything else.

rt has been a matter of great surprise and pro- But can we discover how God wishes to work? found thankfulness that along with this deter- We can at least find out how He has worked bemined effort to eliminate missionary schools and fore. In Arabia we have now earnest Christians missionary hospitals has come an increased who have been called out of darkness into light, friendliness toward evangelistic work. In this and from the power of Satan unto God. How did new era Christ apparently finds His way into the they come to hear God's voice and follow Christ. human heart more easily when unincumbered by institutions. Iran reports scenes of genuine re- Some came because God prepared their hearts, vival power. Even in Arabia the Church of Christ prepared them so completely, that one might alis emerging, and blessing is attending our evan- most imagine an animated phonograph had delivgelistic work such as we have not seen before. ered a sufficient message. Dr. Dame made a trip to the Pirate coast, and Christ's message was These are significant changes. We have been given as widely and as well as the circumstances accustomed to think of missionaries as carrying of such a tour make possible. At the best such a Christ's message to men and women who are presentation is meager and unsatisfactory. But bound hand and foot by ignorance, and are vic- a man was there whose heart God had touched, tims of every disease. Medical and educational and this meager glimpse of the Gospel was enough work found their justification in the needs of the to lead him to respond with all his soul. He fol- infant church and in the needs of the surrounding lowed Dr. Dame to Bahrain where he was further community. But now the State cares for the sick instructed and eventually he went to Busrah for and teaches the ignorant, while we present Christ training in Christian school. His loyalty to Christ to men of intelligence and education, citizens of has never wavered. He is one of the deepest and the world of thought and ideas. most earnest of all Christ's men in Arabia today, That means many things. rt means that, where- a pillar in His Church. The occasional finding of such men is One of the fundamental reasons for as it was important once for the missionary to be tours throughout our field. Such men God prea profound student of the religion of the people to whom he was sent, it is important now that he pares. All the missionary does is to discover be intimately and profoundly acquainted with them.

[361 ]

Another such man, prepared by God's own the regular Sunday services and attending the Spirit, came to Christ with all his heart when the daily morning prayers for the hospital staff. How only message that he could receive was what he many hundred times he listened to the presenta- saw in the missionary's life. The missionary in tion of the Gospel before his own heart began to this case is a very considerable linguist, one of our open its windows toward Jerusalem, it would be best. He commands with ease three European interesting to know. From the first he was faith- languages, besides being an authority in Arabic, ful in his work, and an interested listener, but but he knew no Beluchi at all, and Sheero knew comprehension came slowly, and words falling on nothing else. He was merely one of a construction a puzzled and uncomprehending heart fall "by the gang, which the missionary employed in building wayside, and the birds come and devour them."

a new hospital. That would seem a hopeless sit- But eventually Noobie's eyes lighted up with a uation, but nothing can defeat the Spirit of God new light, and there was joy in the presence of when He moves men, and for depth of surrender the angels ()f God when he was baptized a few to Christ and joy in His service, we have not seen weeks ago.

Sheero's experience surpassed. Sheero eventually Feddag came in the same way, except that he learned some Arabic and the missionary some was in a mission school where a lesson in Christ's Beluchi, so that now he has had the message teaching and example and work is part of every through the ear as well as through the eye. With- day's assignment. It was not an understanding in the past few weeks he has been baptized. of the mind for which he waited. Doubtless he Such an experience, with God's hand unmis- had that from the first day. Far more difficult takably evident, is a great reinforcement to the is the understanding which makes loyalty to missionary's faith, but it is not a common experi- Christ harmonize with our love for our mother, ence. Most men need to have the message pre- for our companions, and for our country, which sented a hundred times before they enter the makes Christ's loveliness the crown of every other Kingdom. That does not mean that they are lovely thing that the soul has ever seen. That given a different message. Our message comes understanding is a much deeper thing, and some- from God and it is the one thing that we cannot times it is slow to come. That is perhaps the rea- change. It does not even mean that a different son why the educated man must travel a much aspect of the message is presented first, or that longer road before he arrives at Christ's feet than emphasis is shifted from one point to another. his ignorant neighbor, and why the intense pa- It does not mean that these more ordinary ex- triot often has the longest and hardest road of all.

periences of conversion come after the missionary In the West many have opened their unwilling has persuaded the listener to accept the message. souls in surrender to Christ only when failure and Persuading men to accept Christ has been very sin have broken their self-confidence and pride.

prominently in the minds and the methods of In the shame of a broken self-esteem men find evangelists at home. Finney, for instance, has a their way to God. That is true in Arabia too.

good deal to say about it. But in a country such Zaharah was born to lead, and she has done so.

as Arabia, I doubt if any missionary has ever With her help, her husband has been acknowl- persuaded a man to accept Christ. The neces- edged chief of a notable clan of brothers. But sary thing is to get them to understand the Gos- wrapped in the same bundle with leadership was pel. The message is the same and doubtless no a furious temper. Her outbursts made her feared man is going to leave his past life to accept and by the whole community. The insult of a partner follow Christ except as God prepares His heart wife made her worse and she became a community for that decision. But the number of men who spectacle.

are ready to accept Christ is perhaps not so small One day a particularly vicious outburst left her as we think. With rare exceptions, men do not sitting broken and weeping in the path that led to readily understand the message, and even if we the missionary's house. All that he could offer speak with the tongues of men and of angels, the her was Christ's hand to lead her out of her dis- situation is not greatly helped. An infinite amount grace and sin and make her free. That was all; of repetition will do much to make the message and no more was needed for she was ready, and intelligible and I know of nothing else that will. Christ always is. Perhaps no other of all those Once understood, it will of itself persuade. chosen to be Christ's pioneers in Arabia has the Noobie was stolen from Beluchistan as a mere endowment and the potentiality of this woman.

baby, brought to Arabia and sold as a slave. As God is working in power through the groups a slave he grew up, and as an adult he suc- of Christians who have made their contribution ceeded in running away and securing his freedom. to our own lives. But it has not been easy to Ire came to do the cleaner's work in the mission transfer the lesson of these groups to the mission hospital, and was with us two years, listening to field. In Arabia the necessary background seems

CHRISTIAN MISSIONS AND PEACE IN THE PACIFIC

lacking, and doubtless also imagination and flexi- dream or a sign to confirm it. She did not follow bility on our part. Recently the Oxford Group till she had the dream. Nor was it much of a came to Muscat, with both its message and its dream as we might estlmate such things. She saw method. Our best hospital helper had steadily the missionary and his wife in a garden. The held aloof from Christ. He had been associated most irrepressible psychiatrist would have diffiwith the hospital for thirteen years, and was de- culty in making much of that, nor would the misvoted to his work, and loyal to us personally, but sionary claim much for it either. But it constistill a Mohammedan. Like most Mohammedans tuted the evidence that she needed, and she swung his matrimonial course had been marred by un- her heart wide open to Chrst; the glory of God happiness and divorce, though in it were also in the face of Jesus Christ has shone in her life areas of real love and companionship. One night ever since. we were led to share with him some of our own experiences of loneliness and trouble. Christ's We have seen children come, led by their parhand had been there in the darkness for one of us, ents, and wives led by their husbands. Men and and that night the other put his hand out too, for women come to God as a result of very different Christ to grasp that he might be led and ruled human contributions but always because, by some and saved. Through persecution and hardship, human agent, the message of the Gospel is preweariness and temptation, his loyalty has never sented, and is made understandable; then by the wavered since. There is no reason for being sur- Divine Spirit they are brought to surrender themprised that witnessing to God's power is so val- selves to Christ whom that message reveals. Nor uable a means for reaching men's hearts. The is that the whole story. It is only the beginning Gospel had been presented to Mobarrek literally and the missionary's responsibility for the first thousands of times, but that night for the first feeble steps of these infants, and for their sound time he understood what it was that Christ and genuine growth in Christ, is very great. wanted to give him. There are mistakes and stumbling and backsliding and repentance, and so there will be until Christ's Urn Miriam, she of the shining face, how did Church, under His guidance, comes to be a glorishe come? A dream brought her. The message ous church "without spot or wrinkle or any such she had heard, and without doubt had understood thing." But the reign of Christ in Arabia has it as far as superficial understanding goes, but she begun, and He shall reign until He has put every was not sure that it was true and she asked for a enemy under His feet, forever and ever.

Christian Missions and Peace in the Pacific By KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, Ph.D., New Haven, Connecticut Professor of Missions and Oriental History at Yale University W HAT can the forces of Protestant mis- to the teeming peoples of the Far East. Some are sions do to insure peace in the Pacific? derived from the political weakness of China. By themselves they cannot hope to main- Others stem from the destruction of the former tain it. They may, however, by throwing their balance of power which once somewhat shakily weight on that side, help to determine whether supported the peace of the East of Asia. Whatthe future is to be one of peace or war. ever the reasons, they are not such as to permit us to center the responsibility upon anyone power. Not since the Russo-:Japanese War have we had Yet they are making for a rising threat of hosformal belligerency which has centered in the tilities. The growing resentment of the Chinese Far East. For the past few years, however, we and the clear purpose of the Japanese may at any have been watching an expanding Japan whose moment break out into open and declared war. activities are disturbing the uneasy equilibrium. The danger of another Russo-Japanese conflict The reasons for that expansion are multiform. varies in acuteness, but seems to be increasing. Some of them lie in the rapid growth of the pop- The traditional Open Door policy, if adhered to ulation of the Island Empire. Some of them are and insisted upon, may at any time embroil the to be found in the rapid industrialization of the United States past the possibility of peaceable country. Others are to be sought in the lack of extrication. Japan does not wish to fight the outlet and the preemption by the white races of United States, but if the United States, in support most of the sparsely occupied lands and the of the Open Door policy, appears to Japan to be markets and raw materials of the world, and in seriously interfering with her Continental prothe unwillingness of the possessors to open these

gram, she may resort to arms. Any of these wars ligible. In Korea and the Philippines the memwould involve great loss of treasure and of life, bership of the Protestant churches constitute at with untold suffering for millions. They would most less than one per cent of the population. In but further upset the equilibrium and sow the China it is only about one-tenth of one per cent, and in Japan perhaps a third of one per cent. To seeds of future wars. . be sure, these groups exert an influence out of all To this menace the missionary forces cannot be proportion to their size. One of the most remark- able features of the Protestant movement in the. indifferent. Any of these conflicts would breed Far East is the large numbers of those who have more hate and add to the toll of the world's suffer- been touched by it who have had an outstanding ing. Any of them could not fail seriously to place in shaping the policy and the life of their jeopardize the cause of Christ on both sides of respective countries. We are living in a day in the Pacific. Especially would the churches of which we have seen demonstrated again and again Japan, China, Korea, and the Philippines, numer- the power of a small but determined minority ically small as they are, be placed in the gravest which knows what it wishes and sets out to attain peril. it. Could not the Protestant minorities in the Far East unite and succeed in inducing their gov- Must the missionary forces stand helplessly by? ernments to maintain the peace? On the Amer- Is there nothing which they can do to stem the ican side of the Pacific, moreover, the Protestant tide? forces are numerically much stronger and are in a position to bring pressure on their government As a result of missions, organized Protestant and to shape public opinion. Yet we need to re- Christianity has at hand assets which should be member that even in the United States those who of help in averting war. As the fruit of missions, have more than a nominal connection with the home and foreign, of the past century and more, Church are decidedly in the minority. churches have arisen on the American shores of the Pacific and in Japan, China, and the Philip- The Lack of an International Outlook pines-all of the bordering lands most vitally concerned except Russia. The great majority of In the second place, we must recall the lack of Protestant missionaries in the Far East are from international outlook in the great majority of the United States. Ties between these Protestant church members, whether west or east of the Christian bodies have been maintained by the con- Pacific. Theoretically they should have it. In stant flow of missionaries westward and by mem- practice most of them do not. More than most bers of Far Eastern churches who have studied nonchurch members, they are somewhat predisin the United States or have come on errands on posed to view other peoples with sympathetic behalf of these groups. In the course of the past understanding. As we shall remind ourselves in forty years organizational machinery has been a moment, many encouraging movements for developed which is knitting together in conscious peace have originated among Protestant Chrisfellowship the Protestant Christians around the tians. Yet the fact remains that at present the North Pacific. In Japan, China, Korea, and the large maj ority of Protestants on either side of Philippines are National Christian Councils, and the ocean are ignorant of all but the vaguest noon the American side the F,oreign Missions Con- tions of other peoples around the North Pacific ference of North America. These, in turn, are and tend to share the nationalist sentiments of members of the International Missionary Coun- their non-Christian neighbors. cil, an agency more nearly inclusive of all Protestantism than that fissiparous movement has We must recognize, in the third place, that known in the over four centuries of its history. Protestants cannot possibly speak as a unit on In the main, this cooperative machinery is grow- anyone issue, whether international or otherwise. ing in experience and strength. In its essence, Anyone person or any group or organization Christianity recognizes nations but rises above which presumes to voice the opinion of all of them them. In the Church, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, is either deceiving or self-deceived. None of the Filipino, and American are ideally one in Christ. National Christian Councils embraces all the Prot- All are brethren, bound by ties of a common faith estant communions within its area. Nor does the and by love for one another and for God. So far Foreign-Missions Conference of North America as they remember one another in prayer, as many include in its membership all mission boards. of them do, they are knit together by that tie that Certainly the Federal Council of Churches does transcends space and national boundaries. This not represent all the Protestant bodies of the fellowship, then, should make for peace. United States. Probably no official body can voice authoritatively on international questions the con- However, any honest and intelligent facing of victions of all the members of even one denomthe situation at once discloses limitations. To ination-partly because it does not have such a ignore these is to insure frustration. First of all, we must recognize the fact that in the Far East the Protestant groups are numerically almost neg-

mandate, and partly because those convictions not quickly conclude that Christianity has failed.

vary, when, indeed, they exist at all. Protestants The ministry of mercy and the message of spir- are not agreed as to whether ecclesiastical ma- itual and moral salvation to the individual are not chinery should be used for action on international to be despised. They are primary features of the questions. If they were, they would not be function of the Church. But in a day of growing unanimous on what the action should be on any international tension is this all which the Prot- specific problem. Certainly on anyone issue no estant forces on the two sides of the Pacific can international body, whether the International hope to accomplish?

Missionary Council or any other, can do more We do well to remind ourselves that even now than mobilize for action a portion of the Prot- the Protestant forces have been far from ineffecestant constituency. tive. Already out of Protestant missions and the In the fourth place, it is probably fair to say so-called younger churches have come movements that Protestants cannot alter very greatly the fac- which have made for the lessening of friction.

tors making for war. These latter are of many They may point the way to what, given the nature kinds. Some are economic. Some are associated of Protestantism and of the problems it faces, we with the closely related rate of increase of popula- can hope to achieve. They may indicate that in tion. Some have to do wicth rampant nationalism. Protestantism, as it now exists on both sides of Protestantism cannot hope at any early date to the Pacific, agencies are already to hand which, if effect any great change in the birth rate in Japan intelligently and resolutely employed, can make a or China. In China, by its widespread medical vast difference in the trans-Pacific international public health and famine relief activWes it has outlook.

probably accentuated rather than lessened the The Influence of Protestant Missions pressure of population. Through a few experi- mental cooperatives Protestants may point the First of all, the Protestant missionary enter- way to an alleviation of ,the desperate plight of prise has carried on a process of education which the farmers which has had so much to do with has contributed to a more sympathetic under- Japan's recent territorial expansion. By efforts standing among the peoples of the Pacific. Mis- at devising better agricultural methods and sionaries have sometimes aroused antipathy, but through rural life reconstruction they may, sim- among those who have known them at all well ilarly, pioneer in achieving a better life for the they have made for a warm admiration for the farmers of China. Yet, taken as a whole, they best in the lands from which they have come. In cannot hope to do more than modify some of the the United States missionary education has done basic economic factors which lie at the roots of much to spread information about the Far East much of the international friction in Japan, and to create a hearty appreciation of its peoples China, Korea, and the Philippines. Protestants and cultures. Often missionaries are accused of cannot expect to make much headway against the playing up the weaknesses of the lands to which rising tide of nationalism of the rulers and the they have gone in order to arouse compassion and masses. They are too few in numbers for that. through it an increased support for their work.

In the United States, Protestant leaders, if peace- That back of this charge some truth lies cannot minded, can, because of their much larger con- be denied. In the main, however, and especially stituency, hope for more success in offsetting the of late years, the widely used mission study texts bellicose nationalism of those who have appointed and a very large proportion, perhaps a majority, themselves the nation's professional patriots. of the addresses by missionaries have sought to They may do something, for instance, to curb the present the peoples of the Far East in a favorable swelling flood of armaments. Even in the United light. Mission study texts have many more read- States, however, organizations depending upon ers than have any other books on the Far East.

Protestantism for support can be only one of Probably addresses by missionaries have a total many conflicting forces and cannot basically alter number of hearers larger than that for all other some of the outs·tanding causes of international lectures on the F'ar East. The majority of Amer- friction. ican scholars who specialize on the Far East and What does this mean? In the face of the lower- its interpretation either are from the missionary ing clouds in the North Pacific must the Prot- body or are the children of missionaries. Here estant forces stand by supinely and helplessly, has been and is a vast educational process which contenting themselves with assisting minorities is helping to create an atmosphere in which intel- administer palliatives to the misery brought by an ligent and fair-minded, even generous, discussion inevitable war and bringing to a few the news of the problems of the North Pacific can take of a suffering and triumphant God in whose place.

strength they can rise radiant, undespairing, We need to recall, in the second place, that out above the general disaster? If that is so, we need of the missionary movement have emerged some

of the most distinguished leaders and helpful viduals will emerge who through nonecclesiastical agencies which have labored for peace across the private organizations and through governmental Pacific. Recall the work of Dr. Sidney Gulick, channels will work for peace. All this may not once a missionary in Japan, for many years on the be enough to insure peace and prevent war, but staff of the Federal Council of Churches, and with it can be made to work mightily in that direction. an enviable record of promotion of sympathetic understanding between the United States and May I go one step further and suggest some Japan. Remember that the Institute of Pacific concrete measures? First, would it not be pos- Relations was carried through its initial stages sible to enlarge the functions and perhaps the by a missionary, Mr. J. Merle Davis, and now has personnel of the existing Committee on Missions as its general secretary a former missionary, Mr. and Governments of the Committee of Reference E. C. Carter. Remember, too, the experiment of and Counsel to take into its purview and as its the Omi Brotherhood in bringing into its inner responsibility this promotion of peace across the circle Japanese, Americans, Chinese, and Koreans. Pacific? Second, might not the Foreign Missions It is heartening, too, to recall the delegations of Conference place this topic of peace upon its Christians which have gone back and forth be- agenda for unhurried consideration at one of its tween China and Japan to try to keep unbroken annual meetings? Third, could not the mission and even to strengthen the ties between the Jap- study texts of the Missionary Education Moveanese and Chinese churches. ment and of other mission study programs con- centrate in some one year in the not distant future These successes, it will be noted, are primarily on the problem of peace across the Pacific? This in the realm of education, in the creation of atti- would involve the popularizing of existing infortudes, and in the removal of barriers of suspicion, mation on the causes of friction and a discussion fear, dislike, and hate. of possible ways of allaying that friction-with- out, however, advocating concrete action by When it has come to attempts to obtain action churches and denominations as such. Fourth, on concrete issues the organized Christian forces could not at least some of the missionaries on furhave not been so fortunate. In the United States lough from the Far East who are to go on depuecclesiastical organizations, including mission tations through the churches be brought together boards, have not been able to have Far Easterners in the autumn for an unhurried conference of sevplaced on the immigration quotas and thus to re- eral days to help one another in their thinking on move one of the least defensible sources of irrita- the issues in the Far East, and so improve the tion. It is debatable whether their effort to pre- quality-often already high-of their addresses? vent the naval maneuvers of 1935 did more good Fifth, might it not be possible, in connection with than harm, or whether, indeed, it had any effect. the 1938 meeting of the International Missionary The difficulty amounting to an impossibility of Council, to hold a special conference on these obtaining agreement among Protestants on con- issues? This conference should be smaller than crete issues and of mobilizing by church bodies a the main gathering and made up only of the delebacking of numbers and conviction sufficient to gates from those countries most immediately conmake much impression on governments raises cerned. doubts as to the wisdom and efficacy of such campaigns. Sixth. Is it not feasible to increase the fellow- ship of prayer? Every additional Christian in What, then, can we expect from the organized lands about the Pacific who remembers in love Christian forces in promoting peace around the before God his fellow Christians across the water, North Pacific? We cannot hope that often, if at either in the mass or in the persons of specific all, they will move unitedly to induce governments individuals whom he knows, must thereby make to take action on specific issues. We cannot ex- it possible for God to work more mightily for that pect them, single-handed, to insure peace. We peace and goodwill which we believe He desires. can, however, hope that they will carryon educational processes which will create an atmos- What is the conclusion of the whole matter? phere in which there will be more of forbearance, It is that those interested in Christian missions of intelligent and sympathetic understanding, and must not claim that they alone are to settle the of fair play. We can hope that by prayer for one issue of war and peace. However, much that is another and through fellowship made possible by good may already be charged up to the credit of church bodies, the World's Student Christian Fed- the Christian forces. If they act wisely and resoeration, and the International Missionary Council, lutely, they may be able, even better than in the they will create and strengthen ties which will past to undergird by an intelligent public opinion help other forces making for peace and, if hos- those forces which are working for peace. They tilities break out, assist in healing the wounds may even succeed-not alone, but as one of sevand bridging the chasms brought by war. We eral agencies-in stemming the tide toward war can hope that from churches and missions indi- and in turning it into the direction of peace. Effective Ways of Working crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO I ~r.=~=~=============-==~——-==I'4ii) MISSIONARY CATERING year for mISSIOn hospitals and work- Road to the Abundant Life," etc. The devotional services were entieed ers, and as she read her report, an as- "Which Road?" "The Royal Road to Romance," "A Traveler of Jungle Continuing the effort last sistant spread the display over sur- Paths," "His Road," etc. "Laying month to supply "Fresh Grist rounding furniture. The reading Roadbed Foundations" and "Awardfor Program Builders" we ask chairman fastened up a picture of a ing of Trophies" covered the tasks of long flight of stairs on ea"h step of the Engineer and the Timekeeper in you to keep in mind four objec- which some group or guEd of the the girls' organization. A panel dis- church supposedly stood, w.th the fig- cussion on "Improving Our Alphatives to which attention is called· ures representing the number of betical Roads" (W. W. G., C. W. C. in a leaflet by the United Chris- and S. C.-youth organizations) was tian Missionary Society entitled points accumulated by reading mis- conducted by a Commissioner and a sionary books and mag-azines, includ- Consulting Engineer (counselors) . "To the One Who Is Responsible ing THE REVIEW (which counts for There was "A Visit to Exhibits, Pos- five points). The treasurer showed on ters, Guidebooks, Road Maps" in Good for Programs": "To inform; to a long chart a series of red money Fellowship Class Room, in the Sunday bags graduated in size to indicate the school department. widen horizons of fellowship; to sums given for the several objects of show possibilities of Christian benevolence. The house chairman At the closing Centenary Banquet service and to inspire to a desire in honor of the Baptist fields now cele- went forward followed by two assist- brating their one-hundredth anniverto share in that service." De- ants bearing on a new broom a basket sary, four "Guests from Centenary vices presented primarily for carried like the famous "grapes of Roadways" spoke on "The Juggernaut entertainment, variety, attrac- Eschol," the 'oasket containing samples Road" (Bengal-Orissa), "Roadways and Waterways" (Houth China), "The tiveness and not subordinated to of the items purchased by her as sup- Brahmaputra Highway" (Assam) and the above purposes will prove plies or for replacements all through "The Trail to Prayer Meeting Hill" the year. As the meeting proceeded (South India), with the climactic insterile. But with educational thus, the reports were far from "dry" spirational address on "I Am a and service motives dominant, Builder." and mude an ineradicable impression much depends upon the attrac- on eye and ear. Installing New Officers is no mere formality but should be so tive form into which the subject At a meeting of the Baptist East planned as to make it a means Central District of Women's Work, of grace both to the official group matter is cast. Some fresh sug- he:d at Huntington, W. Va., last May, and the audience. From Womgestions for, catering follow: the annual business meeting was en's H.ome Missions comes this simple ceremony (adapted for The annual meeting: This is often based on the theme of "Roads" with brevity) fraught with spiritual a burden because of length and dry- scriptural keynote of Isaiah 49: 11- values: ness of reports. The program secre- "I will make all the hilltops a hightary in the women's society of the way and lofty roads shall be built" The officers step forward as their First Baptist church in Granville, (Kent translation). The theme song names are called. TheI the leader was "Where Cross the Crowded Ways says: Ohio, tells that at the close of a year's of Life." The presiding officer was study under the travel motif, officers called the General Superintendent of You have been chosen by this loyal, and the membership met '.') "unpack Roads and she appointed committees interested group of women to be the the baggage." Reports had previously as Highway Patrols; the recording officers for (name of organizational been enclosed in a variety of baggage secretary became the C:erk and Time- group) during the coming year. You containers – brief cases, suit cases, keeper; the "Paymaster" (treasurer) hold in your hands a great trust….. . overnight bags, etc., and each official gave a "leaf from the payroll," etc. Do you accept your office willingly and produced her report and visualizing "Construction and Maintenance" was with a deep desire to be divinely didevice (if any) from such a container. handled by the Supervisor of High- rected for your special task? Thus the program leader took out of ways and Commissioner of State her brief case a large map of the Roads (the state official). The Com- Officers make affirmative reply. world, had it fastened to a blackboard missioner for International Trails inand developed while she read her re- troduced foreign missionary speakers. Leader: Will you endeavor to learn port. A red star sticker marked the "National Trails and Strategic Out- the meaning and purpose of your parhome starting point, then an attached posts" was the theme handled by one ticular office, then perform its duties ribbon led to the next star placed in of the Road Commissioners; "The De- faithfully? ….. . the West where a Home Mission camp- partment of Public Safety" by anfire was supposed to have been held, other, with "Highway Publicity," "The Will you cooperate in fullest measthence the device proceeded to South Information Bureau," "Friendships of· ure with your president as she directs America where "Women Under the the Road" and "Light and Power" dis- Southern Cross" had been the subject cussed by sU'Jofficials. Addresses were matter, and so on stars and ribbon given at intervals on "Working the traced the way over foreign fields and Formula," "The Road to Adventure," back home for the current meeting. "The Road to Friendship," "Congo The White Cross leader proceeded to Crosses," "The Road of the Loving take from her suitcase a sample of Heart," "Younl" Travelers on the each of the articles made during the [ 367] the plans, and work loyally with each the "port of sailing" (church, street, ing the never-to-be-forgotten other? ….. . aim. Often the parents are shy number), the "tourists" are greeted Will you pray earnestly for the de- by young men dressed as sailors and in cooperating at first, suspectvelopment of your own personality, ing some ulterior motive; but if for that of your fellow officers and escorted into the ship's cabin, where for every person whom you may a devotional service is conducted. The serve? •….. songs usually include "Sail on" and they can be induced to let their Will all the members of the congre- "Jesus, Saviour, Pilot Me." After an children try a session or two, gation stand? Will you support with even these older folk become so your earnest prayers these officers introductory talk by the ship's "cap- interested that they ask to be who have accepted responsibility for the direction of the work? ….. . tain" regarding the countries to oe visited, adjournment is made to an- Dearly beloved, there can be no defeat in the business of our great or- other room which has been decorated allowed to come to some sort of ganization if we keep these purposes with a setting typical of the country. a:ways in our thoughts. Jesus said, Natives in costume and American mis- an evening session. "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart," that is, with your sionaries are impersonated by mem- The World Call, in writing on emotions; "with all thy mind," that bers of the church, and talks are is, your highest intelligence; "and given on the geography, history, peo- the subject says: with all thy strength," that is, with all your powers of being; "and thy ple, religions and missions of the fi-eld. Your vacation school may have in neighbor as thyself"; that is your Sometimes songs and instrumental it some suggestions for mission study. service. Let us pray. (Prayer of selections characteristic of the coun- . . . Send for the pamphlet on misconsecration on the part of audience try are given. When the program is sionary education in vacation schools, and officers, and singing of "Blest Be concluded the tourists are invited to which goes to you free upon request, the Tie that Binds.") a third room where a typical luncheon from our office, and with it the catalog is served by those who presented the giving the list of materials and books Church Projects: These are program in native costumes. . avai.able. (Doubtless inquirers outmany and varied, one of the side the constituency of The World most educational being that of Arrangements are being- made for Call should offer some cost-price paya Missionary Exposition, for the publication of these and other pro- ment.) . . . Plan early to have a which a number of plans have grams. been sent in lately. The one from the First Presbyterian Further details will be given by browsing table where JOys and girls church of Berkeley, Calif., is typical. Mr. Githens, if return postage is en- will find stories, books and pictures, Twenty-seven booths representing closed. His address is 318 S. Fourth maps and suggestions for things to do each of the 16 foreign lands and 11 St., Quincy, Ill. home mission fields where Presby- in relation to their study of other chilterian missionaries are working were arranged throughout the church dren. Search in your public library building. Each booth exhibited the life, customs and scenes of the par- The Vacation ChurCfi:""School for books which you can use to create ticular missionary station. A continual program of still and moving pic- is a church or community proj- an interest in the countries you are tures, music and addresses by mis- studying. Some children's books are sionaries and nationals, plays and ect par excellence. The unde- very good. Some travel books will be pageants was given each afternoon and evening. On the closing night 60 veloped potentialities of the useful. Various magazines can be missionaries and nationals in costume, led by the vested choir of the church, Church in taking children off the used to furnish material. . . . Write participated in a processional. Such or have the children write to the varian unusal educational project, which street and exposing them for at ous steamship companies for folders. required weeks of study p.nd prepara- least a few hours daily to uption, might be carried out on a smaller Start a collection of around-the-world scale by any mission study group lifting influences instead of the pictures. Investigate the possibilities which wishes to exhibit the work, of curios which are in your own town. needs and olJportunities of the fields. sort which for much longer pe- . . . Many people buy as gifts or re- riods are contaminating them is ceive as gifts, from the modern de- "Foreign Tours" is the name of another missionary project so well recognized that often partment store or gift shop, articles presented under the auspices of which have been directly imported the Christian Endeavor Society public school authorities, the of the Presbyterian church in juvenile courts and probation from other countries. Keep your ears Quincy, Ill., using one of the open for people who have traveled in plans prepared by Harry W. departments offer to cooperate the Orient and who may be able to Githens of the Adams Co. Council of Religious Education. The in an effort to develop good lend artic:es or to come and tell the account says: citizenship. Such an alliance of children about them.

Posters and folders usually are se- Church and State as this is quite Service activities are another source cured from steamship companies, giv- legitimate. While local plan- of helpful and character-building projing information regarding the coun- ects. Many vacation schools provide try to be visualized. Upon arrival at ning and direction are adequate nothing but busy work or craft activi- ties which are taken home by the chil- in fairly good communities, dren for themselves. Along with mak- rural or underprivileged ones ing things for themselves, there are are being reached under the many things children can do to share supervision of the Joint Com- with others. This should be an out- growth of the missionary education, mittee of the Home Missions but may become a project in itself if Council and the International desired. Council of Religious Education.

A variety of denominational Staking Claims is another boards gladly cooperate in an project coming into rather gen- extension program now being eral use for young people who developed. For this work many have, as yet, small financial re- Christian students and – other sources. Such claims may be in young people are needed, trans- India, China, Alaska-wherever portation and maintenance only the denominational board has to be given. The work of the missions. Each definite amount school usually includes worship, settled upon as the price of a Bible study, story-telling, handi- claim – $5.00 or $10.00 – gives craft of various sorts, recrea- its donor a claim; and the claim, tion, etc., character building be- in turn, does its own beneficent

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

work in accentuating interest Program Pointers be ordered well in advance of and a feeling of ownership which detailed program – making on is likely to lead to larger invest- Miss Elizabeth 1. Fensom, a Bap- Africa. The prices are but ments-maybe of life itself-in tist program secretary, writes that slightly above cost and every the work thus capitalized. Not the W. Atlee Burpee Seed Co. adver- dollar of possible profit is turned only individuals but Sun day tised African flower seeds and its rep- back into African mission work. school classes or departments resentative checked a catalog for her The editor has had the privilege (like the beginners), a young with the assurance that "all the seeds of examining the various "novelpeople's society or a women's would grow in an ordinary garden." ties" and unhesitatingly declares group may cooperate in claim Miss Fensom thought, "Why not mis- them very superior, the stories ownership. As a means of be- sionary flower gardens this year? with a real literary quality and nevolence and missionary educa- The blooms might be used to further the devices calculated to help our tion, claim-staking is rapidly interest in the new African studies, people visualize African life and approving itself. to send to shut-ins along with current conditions much more effec- leaflets and pamohlets, etc. Among tively. That African parrot is Books and Leaflets are the the flowers checked in the catalog simply "stunning" and would program rna k e r' s mainstay. were many varieties of white and yel- form an exquisite decoration in Have you seen Lucy W. Pea- low lilies (like callas), cacti, gladiolus, the best of homes. body's "A Wider World for daisies, arctotis (Transvaal daisy), Women"? (Price, $1.25.) It Heliophila – Monarch of the Veldt, Picture of Mrs. Kellersberger, asks: Tripteris Ursinia, Ornithogalum (new author of "Congo Crosses," and outstanding), African violets and with typed story of her life "Do women want a wider world? double marigolds, also Vinidiurn. If and other material …….. $0.10 How are they using the world they al- you are a gardener, do not miss this ready have?" And from the intro- in African year, when a great seed Colored parrr t on black mount- company has made it a leader." duction of the book we cull this: "The ing board 13×20 in. …… .35 first law after creation was a prohibi- "Coworkers with the Divine Artist" tion law; but Eve, beguiled by the was the unusual topic used last year SamJ! unmounted ………. .10 by the Women's Society of the First serpent, ate the forbidden fruit and Baptist church in Marlboro, Mass. Cards: persuaded Adam. Thus started the The subtitles of the monthly programs make free use of such words as "Is this the way to Bethlefirst Anti-Prohibition Society, with "color" and "scenes." The cover of hem?" Folder of two Africharter members a serpent, a woman the year book-which is handmade- can children carrying lanand a man-a partnership which con- is in the .form of a palette with daubs tern. Envelopes to match. of the primary colors ready to hand. For Christmas card, invitinues to this day with painful conse- Five of these programs are fitted to a tations, messages, etc. …. .10 quences." From first to last all corresponding number of races, each through the volume one finds insight, being written on paper of the appro- White correspondence card knowledge, humor, tributes to women priate tint- that on the Negro on with envelopes-boy under black paper with white ink, etc. Mal. palm tree. Very artistic. .05 who have been pioneers in the effort 2: 10 is the scripture keynote as cofor International Friendship (is not ordinated with the Great Commission. White p:ace card tied with that Foreign Missions?) and sketches Titles are delightfully suggestive: Belgian colors, for Ibanof outstanding women of all ages. Splashes of War Paint, for Indians; quets, messages, etc. ..3 for .05 Sepia Prints, for the Burmese; The The world's only hope, the book avers, Divine Artist's Birthday in Many Elephant place card (very is in "The Treaty of Bethlehem." At Lands, for Christmas; Massed Colors, striking) – g ray stock, the close is the command for Christian for an international tea and deibate; printed elephant with di- Life Scenes from the Studio Window, rections for cutting and internationalism covered by the great for an address by a missionary folding. White name card commission, which entreats us to fol- speaker; In the Work Shop, for the for trunk …………… .05 annual meeting, etc. In each case the low in the footsteps of the early devotional service was closely cor- Picture and poem, "Life of Apostles and other believers united in related. This unique series was sug- Mwaluki, "mentioned on p. a common loyalty to the Leader. "To- gested by the picture, "The Hope of 201 of "Congo Crosses" …. .05 day if we take our inheritance as a the WorId," by Harold Copping, and trust, the world will be reborn." a story, "Color Blind," by Margaret Flags of Belgium and the Congo Would not this book make a good basis Applegarth. See to what pains some (narrow ribbon, 14xP4 in.) .01 for a year's devotional services in a women will go in the Lord's work! woman's missionary society? Order Raffia cloth from A'frica made through any of your denominational "The Black and White Number of into small mat s, 6×6, bookstores or supply houses. the Artist's Magazine" featured Ne- fringed, lined with oil gro work. Miss Fensom says: "The cloth, used as protectors "And the King Shall Come In" is magazine was assembled as the pro- under vases or tumblers .. .10 the name of a new worship service gram proceeded. At the close the com- (10 cents) obtainaole at the American plete volume bound in black was on Larger size …………… .20 Baptist Publication Society, 1701 display. A hand-drawn map of the Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. It Southern States showing the location Congo Hammock Song (never gives a series of six complete pro- of Negro schools was used as a fron- before printed in America) grams inclusive of hymns, scripture, tispiece. The devotions were based on …………. 1 for .05,3 for .10 leader's talk and prayer. "The Gates Ps. 18: 28; 119: 105, 130." of Paradise" was written bv Mrs. W. "Southland Spirituals" – book S. Abernathy; "Two Gates," by Mrs. "Novelties for Africa" of 64 spirituals published by Orrin R. Judd; "The Gate Beautiful," Rodeheaver Co. ……….. .25 by Mrs. Jessie Burrall Eubank; "The Under this heading, Miss M. Locked Gate," by Mrs. W. P. Topping; H. Leavis, 186 Massachusetts Typewritten S tor i e s from "Inside the Gate – our Outside," by Ave., Boston, Mass., lists supple- Everyland: Mrs. James Kingsland Romeyn; mentary materials for the for- "Three Gates on a Side," by Margaret eign study theme which should "Arrow John's Return," by T. Applegarth. These fine devotional J. Mervin Hull……… .05 services are adapted for local or associational and convention use. "The Gift," by Anita Ferris .05 "The Black Madonna," by Margaret T. Applegarth. .05 Cask must accompany orders and eack order is final. BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK _ ~I u __ . _ _ _ ..n. _ _ ~I~'

The Continual Feast "Christian Unity in Servie.e" the Solomon Islands pursues his All the days of the afflicted are The notable thing about this career with a certain sense of evil; But he that is of cheerful May Luncheon of the Council of religious mission. So did the heart, hath a continual feast. Women for Home Missions is thugs who used to roam through Thus in Proverbs 15: 15, the that it is possible to have such a the central and northern provwise man wrote. In March, luncheon. Here are representa- inces of India, usually in the dis- 1933, when banks were closed guise of pilgrims, gaining the tives of twenty-three mission and fear stalked the land, the confidence of other travelers, Administrative Committee of boards in the United States and whom they strangled in honor the Council of Women for Home Canada met for the purpose of of the goddess Kali, and whose Missions planned a festival day interdenominational fellowship. bodies they hid in graves dug "to prove the life that is in tis." A generation ago that would with a consecrated pickax. So Christian women came from do certain American countermany churches in the metropoli- scarcely have been possible. parts of the extinct Indian tan area. On May 11, 1936, the People representing mission thugs, masked and hooded figfourth May luncheon was held. ures who ride at night, and kid- Over 300 church women and boards of different denomina- nap persons suspected of radical men, and a goodly number of tions beamed good' will upon the tendencies and carry them off the clergy celebrated together heathen and the unconverted but for whipping, tarring and feath- "Christian Unity in Service." speaking generally they eyed each other askance. In an is- ering, and other forms of tor- Mrs. Millard Robinson, the sue of Puck there was a full ture. President of the Council pre- page cartoon which portrayed sided. Various phases of united two boats loaded with frock- In one of his quaintest ser- Christian service as demon- coated mISSIOnaries drawing mons Jeremy Taylor asked, strated in the growing work of near to a South Sea Island. The "Who is the busiest minister in the Council were presented. missionaries were engaged in England? I will tell you. The Mrs. Kenneth D. Miller spoke on hurling Bibles and hymn books "The Present Situation Among at those who occupied the boat devil is the busiest minister in Migratory Laborers," Dr. Wil- in which they were not passen- England, because the devil is liam R. King told briefly of the gers. The heathen were reprework among Indian American sented as smoking pipes in peace always at work and never youth, Miss Marion Cuthbert, and viewing the scene with plac- sleeps." So according to Jeremy author of "We Sing America" id equanimity. Underneath the Taylor, even the devil has a conand other books, told of the new cartoon was this caption: "Why sciousness of mission, and in this Home Mission study books and do the heathen rage. They don't, war-torn, fear-ridden, hate-obcourses. Miss Seesholtz pre- dear reader. It's the missionsented the work of missionary aries who do the raging." . . . sessed, class-conscious world he minded women for bettering in- appears to be having things ternational relations for secur- There is reason to believe, pretty much his own way. ing world peace, and for observ- however, that the peace and seing the annual World Day of renity and interdominational The Gospel of Jesus is the Prayer on the first F.riday in fellowship which characterize Gospel of the Light of the world, Lent. this luncheon of the twenty-three and when that true Light shines home mission boards is due not in darkness such as this, the The Reverend Howard Chand- to lack of zeal and not to ignor- darkness does not overcome it. ler Robbins, D.D. of the General ance of the Bible but to a bet- Rather it seems to shine more Theological Seminary, New ter knowledge of what missions, radiantly, just because of the York City, was guest speaker foreign and domestic, really terrific contrast with the dark- mean. Mission is an ambiguous ness, .and those who love the word. It may stand for some- light come to the light and live thing very good, or for some- as children of light. There is a grand couplet from a forgotten poem of an unknown poet which expresses their motivation: on the subject, "Christian Unity thing very bad. It may even "Death worketh; let me work in Service." His add res s stand for things that are utterly (abridged) was as follows: too; detestable. The head hunter in Death undoeth; let me do."

[370 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

That couplet expresses, it The worship that we offer is sent, are doing a work in the seems to me, the present motive, worship of the God of love, and importance of which it would be the present purpose and the the divine power that comes up- difficult to exaggerate. You are present inspiration of the mis- on us in true worship is the not directly concerned with orsion boards which you who are power of love. This must ex- ganic church union. You accept here present represent. Because press itself toward others, and the fact that the religious life of death is at work in the world to- so the church, when it is true to America is organized in denomday, you are working on the side itself, becomes the agency inations. But you believe that of Him who came that men through which the love of God Christian unity in service is atmight have life. Because death is active in works of mercy and tainable in spite of that fact, and is undoing men's best work and service. In this sense it is the the increasing number of interbringing precious things to de- Body of Christ, the organ of his denominational agencies and struction, you are moved to do, love working in the world "to joint projects and their widento save, to conserve, to con- draw the whole of mankind into ing range of interests shows that struct. There are greater pic- the fellowship of love which the you are right. The united entertures, but to me one of the most church itself exists to be." But prises conducted for the Governmoving pictures in the world is how can it ever hope to draw ment Indian Schools, for mi- Albrecht Durer's picture en- the whole of mankind into fel- grant workers, and for such titled, "The Knight, Death, and lowship unless fellowship is first communities as Boulder City, the Devil." established among its own mem- Nevada, are striking instances. bers? How can it teach the Gos- And it is undoubtedly true that "Death shakes the hour glass of pel of love unless it first prac- there is "a growing tendency to the running sand, tices it within the Christian view the problem of each area brotherhood? or population group as a whole And leering Satan waits at his and to develop a positive coop- right hand; We come here to the very eration of all religious forces in- But steadfast and unmov'd, the deepest evil of competitive de- knight rides on, volved." nominationalism. The economic The cross his strength, its vic- evil of competitive denomina- This in turn has led to a stead- tory to be won." tionalism is plain enough. Any ily enlarging conception of the Something as knightly as that, business man can see it. There task of the Christian Church. something as chivalrous, some- is the loss in men and money of thing as militant and challeng- Up to about forty years ago the ing, something such as Albrecht having half a dozen churches in home missionary program cen- Durer saw in the Christian life a town which can barely support and as St. Joan of Arc exempli- tered about the establishment of fied, must adhere in our concep- two. There is the waste in over- churches and Sunday schools tion of missions if the missions head expenses by reason of the about which we are thinking are and personal evangelism. TomISSIOns of the Church of duplication and maintenance of day, while not slighting this part Christ. . . . half utilized plants. of its program, there has been Weare getting beyond that increasing social emphasis, and community centers, hospitals sort of thing. We no longer take pride in our unhappy divisions. and public health centers and many practical service minis- Weare beginning to be rather tries are included in the mission- ashamed of them, and more than ary enterprise of churches which a little embarrassed by them. The tide of sectarianism has can accomplish by cooperative turned, and what is going on effort what they could never now is reintegration rather than hope to do by individual exer- further disintegration. Churches tion. Archbishop Temple said which are nearly related to each recently that in England if you other in faith and polity are ask who are those who are doing making overtures looking to- the day-to-day drudgery of so- ward organic union: the Lu- therans have largely effected it, cial and philanthropic work, you the Methodist and the Presby- will find that nine-tenths of terians are on the way to it. Others which are less nearly re- them are Christians, acting in lated are eliminating competi- the inspiration of their Chris- tion, establishing measures for cooperation, especially upon the tian faith. Undoubtedly that is mission field, and taking united t rue also in this country. action in many matters which concern the common good. Church-going Christians consti- tute less than half of the popu- It is here that the Home Mis- lation of this country, but if sions Councils, which you repre- their gifts for social and philan- thropic work were to be with- drawn and their personal serv- ice to cease, I venture to say that

there would scarcely be more Christians in the field of Chris- The editor likes to ponder the than a memory of private phi- tian education, there lie others, roll call quoted from the Findlanthropy left in the land. larger, more complex, more ex- ings (pp. 67-70): "Twenty acting, which concern us as years have elapsed since the first But while we are thankful, Christian citizens. We ought to and only previous occasion when and deeply thankful, for what measure the responsibilities the representatives of Proteshas already been accomplished here by the question, What must tantism united in holding a Nain evangelistic, educational and be done in the whole vast under- tional Conference on the Rural philanthropic services by the co- taking of social reconstruction Church. That earlier Conferoperation of religious forces in before modern civilization can ence was held in Columbus, this country, we should not rest presume to call itself Christian? Ohio, in December, 1915, under Well, what can be done if once the auspices of the Commission content with it. We should real- we take our religion seriously? on the Church and Country Life ize that if the church is really What would be done if the fifty of the Federal Council of the the Body of Christ, it exists to million Americans who are Churches of Christ in America. do Christ's will, and that of this, church members were them- The President of the United in respect of the country in selves to live without avarice, States was in attendance and which we live, we have only themselves to subordinate the made an address. In those days made a beginning. In the mat- profit motive to that of service, the country life movement was and themselves, where Christian new, and was, in fact, more a ter of religious education, for principles are concerned in our hope and an enthusiasm than a example, what tremendous op- social, industrial, economic life, movement . . . " portunities and responsibilities and in our international reladevolve upon the churches, to tions, to speak with one voice? "It is fitting that we should -Howard Chandler Robbins. pay our tribute of respect to the see that the children of the coun- great number of workers, in try receive somewhere the edu- For Summer Reading high places and in low, who in cation in religion which they are the intervening years have ennot receiving in the public In a day when politics, budget listed in the service of rural schools. In the matter of public and taxes, the farmer and in- progress . . ." morals, how much can be done dustrialist seem to be in the along lines so effectively taken same boat in the same storm "From this whole great group by the Roman Catholic Church heading somewhere, in this through its Legion of Decency month when the Festival of In- six names stand out, four in this dependence is celebrated, intelliin purifying the motion pictures gent Christians s h 0 u I d be country and two abroad, of men exhibitions-no, "purifying" is "alive" to the situation. to whom we would especially too ambitious a word; let us be The Home Missions Councils, recognize our common indebtedmore modest and describe our whereby is meant the Council of endeavor as that of making the Women for Home Missions and ness. These are-Liberty Hyde more offensive of them less fla- the Home Missions Council have grantly indecent. And if twaddle a Board membership including Bailey, the scientist who has and sentimentality are as offen- twenty – seven denominations. preached the doctrine of a holy During the Annual Meetings sive to the Christian conscience held in Washington, D. C., Janu- earth; Kenyon L. Butterfield, as they are to our canons of ary, 1936, there was a well taste, we might pay some atten- planned conference on "The the educator who has viewed the Rural Church Today and Totion to this aspect of public mor- morrow." And because similar movement of rural life around als, in the movies, in radio conferences are to be held durbroadcasts, in comic sections of ing this year and next, and be- the world and has preached the the newspapers, and alas! some- cause the new Home Mission doctrine of a holy society; times in the musical offerings of study texts for 1937-38 will be some churches! on the Rural Church, you are Charles Josiah Galpin, the so- urged to send for "The Rural Then there is this matter of Church Today and Tomorrow- ciologist, who has analyzed and preparation of young people for A Report of The National Conthe duties and responsibilities of ference on the Rural Church." chartered the anatomy of rural marriage: this too has become There are eighty pages of ada cooperative project of the dresses and findings with a se- life and has enabled us to underchurches under the leadership lected bibliography. It is avail- stand the process of rural social able for fifty cents, and worth progress; Warren Hugh Wilson, of the Federal Council of much more to the intelligent Churches. A schoolboy asked to church leader. the minister who has made sogive the plural of a certain noun ciology the servant of religion said that the plural of spouse is and has led the movement to spice. We must prove that he was wrong by preparing young make religion a vital force in people to find a deeper enjoy- rural reconstruction; Sir Hor- ment in monogamous marriage. ace Plumket, the prophet of eco- nomic and social cooperation; And beyond all these direct George Russell, the philosopher responsibilities which face us as and poet of an abundant· rural life."

Another National Conference on the Rural Church will be held in Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa, November 17-19, 1936.

World~wide Outlook i'~

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~II=======–=======I~ ..;11' EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO EUROPE audience grew as the meetings In East Poland proceeded. There are places Oentenary of Muller where students will listen, but Evangelical Christians i n Orphanage not many where the listeners eastern Poland are organized in- wish the address to be followed to the Union of Churches of One of the most notable Chris- by discussion. In these meet- Christ-300 small churches with tian achievements of the century ings students of all types, Prot- 25,000 people in full memberis the work of faith and love, or- estants, Catholics and freethink- ship and many mission stations. ganized by George Muller for ers were represented. The government favors them, homeless orphans 100 years ago looking on them as a breakwater last April. Within twelve years "The relation between the against Russian Communism. the work outgrew its quarters. deity and humanity of Christ The movement extends from the One of his earliest ministries and the unworthiness of those Baltic to the Black Sea. was to gather together at eight who call themselves by His o'clock in the morning a com- Name were the two points Most of the' 300 preachers pany of the poorest children, which came back again and earn their living at farm, shop provide them with a piece of again: and behind it all the or factory, and preach in the bread for breakfast, and then eternal and most real question: evenings and on Sundays. Peofor about an hour or more give How can I believe? At the end ple often wait overnight to hear them instruction, and read to of the three days students asked the message promised next day them the Scriptures. The work if it would not be possible to ar- and listen in relays. The moveexpanded until there is now a range for another session on ment is stirring the whole nagreat block of buildings, with this last question." tion. Almost as soon as a Bible accommodations for over 2,000 teaching course by correspondchildren. Ohanges in Spain ence was launched a thousand young men enrolled and then The orphan work grew out of Constant shifting of Spanish proceeded to agitate for a Bible the "Scripture Knowledge Insti- politics make it difficult to ap- institute where they could be tution," organized two years praise the general situation. trained for Gospel work. The earlier. ,Children in day and Laicism, the basis for religious leader, Mr. Jaroszewicz, says in Sunday schools in Great Britain freedom, has disappeared and World Dominion: and other lands either wholly or the government is again paying partly supported by the S. K. 1. the priests salaries in the form It is difficult to convey in words the at one time far outnumbered of pensions. Military men ren- hunger which pervades all classes for those in the orphan homes. An- der honor to images in public religious reading after centuries of other of the principal objects of processions. Governors and deprivation. This hunger gives the the S. K. 1. was to assist mis- mayors attend religious services Russian atheists an opportunity and sionaries and evangelists who and officially welcome digni- they are flooding the country with went forth in faith, especially taries of the Roman Church. anti-God literature. On some occathose unconnected with any so- Protestants are greatly handi- sions I have divided my own New ciety. capped and in many regions can- Testament to give a single Gospel not have public meetings. In from it to several people and even Mr. Muller superintended the some places they are openly per- divided it into leaves for crowds who orphanage work until his 93d secuted. begged for some part of the Word of year, and died in 1898. God. But a new Spain is emerging. -The Life of Faith. The Catholic Church is display- Jews' Demands in Poland ing better organization, publish- Student Mission in Paris ing better periodicals and has The Jews of Poland have re- organized all classes,-poor and cently made ten demands of the Dr. W. A. Visser 't Hooft rich, young and old, ignorant Government. Among these dewrites in The Student World of and educated, for social work; mands are: (1) That the name a series of meetings in Paris to for this purpose, thousands of "Christian" shall not be used in help truth-seeking students to lectures are given in all parts of any inscription where Jews and find their way to personal ac- Spain, in large cities, towns and Gentiles live side by side; (2) quaintance with Christ. There villages. that the Jewish Sabbath shall be was but one theme in the three officially recognized and that the meetings – Jesus Christ. The [ 373] Jews shall have the right to con-

duct their businesses on Sunday interest. Young people were be- sweater, 2' cloths (women), and as if it were a work-day; (3) ing neglected. One missionary (5) give a small grant for inithat school books objectionable put a plan into operation with tial huts.

to the Jews shall be prohibited the help of Egyptian Christians. -Congo Mission News.

from the schools; (4) that the For the past 18 months or more title "Christian" as applied to an active Sunday school has de- Blind Students land, nationality or church shall veloped, almost entirely with An important branch of C. M. be totally prohibited. Egyptian leadership. S eve n S. work in Egypt is that among classes are taught by faithful the blind. Egypt has been called -Svensk Kyrkotidning. ones who care enough for their own and their neighbors' chil- "the land of the blind" and fig- League of the Fighting Godless ures justify this. The number dren to give their time to this of totally blind is said to be 148,- Antireligiosnik – League of work. The officers of the school 000, and the partially blind is a the Fighting Godless in Russia are all Egyptians. The enrol- much higher figure. This work -devoted an entire number of is conducted by an Egyptian its periodical to its ten year "ju- ment is now as large as the bilee." In the various articles membership of the church. evangelist who is himself blind. the following results are said to The largest of three centers is have been attained on the god- This congregation enjoys the near EI Azhar, the great Mosless front: services of a wide awake young lem University; nearly 300 of Today at least half of the entire minister who welcomes mission- its students come to the center. population has wholly or partly bro- ary cooperation and offers his Nearly 3,000 ex-students of the ken with religion. This is a pheno- university, scattered through menon of world significance. Never own time in mission projects in 118 villages, are studying the before and nowhere else has atheism the community. At a recent produced such results as in Russia, community 20 young people, Bible in Braille. No other due to the victory of the Socialist mostly students united with this Arabic literature is available in revolution. church. Their decisions came Braille. -C. M. S. Gleamer. through the work of the church The Stachanow Movement, which members personally, by the exrepresents a movement for the or- ample of Christians whom they Civilizing Ethiopia ganization ?f piece work, must p:ay see living their faith, and work- Ethiopians are still primitive an outstandmg part in the final over- ing at it.

throw of religion in our country. It people-generally without mod- signifies a mighty 'increase in the Lepers in Belgian Congo ern education and scientific impower of man, who is conquering na- provements. The Emperor, ture and breaking down all previously Belgium is well to the front in imposed standards. If the scholars of setting up machinery which will Haile Selassie I, worked unceasthe bourgeois world maintain that ultimately deal effectively with ingly to give his people schools there are limits beyond which man's five of the more destructive malperceptions and man's strength can- adies in Africa – venereal dis- and hospitals, to abolish slavery, not pass, it is evident under the so- ease, yaws, tuberculosis, sleep- to promote justice and provide cialism of the proletarian ideal of de- ing sickness and leprosy. Facts good government. Some proliverance from religion that conscious gathered by the Belgian Red workers in the class·ess society can Cross and by many mission doc- gressive provincial rulers symproceed to tasks which a man who tors establish the fact that the pathized with the emperor and was fettered by religion would never incidence of leprosy in the Bel- united in the effort to establish have dared to face; man can learn schools in the interior. The miseverything, and can conquer every- gian Congo is at least 1 %, or a sionaries have done much to thing. total of at least 100,000 lepers raise general educational stand- -The Indian Witness. in a total population of approxi- ards as well as to teach Chris- mately 10,000,000. tian truth. Most of the medical AFRICA work is conducted by Protestant A special fund has been cre- missionary doctors. (What will Egyptian Christians at Work ated for complete medical as- sistance to the natives of rural be the result of Italian occupa- The United Presbyterian says tion it is impossible to say.) that the Egyptian Church is be- areas. This was solicited by the The Seventh-Day Adventists ginning to carry its own load, late King Albert, and supple- are located in eight stations and and to develop leadership. Mis- mented by Queen Elizabeth and conduct four hospitals, estab- lished with the help of the emsionary participation in the vari- the Minister of Colonies. ous congregations becomes more Missions on the field have peror. In these hospitals Ethiocooperative and less directive. been assured that the Govern- pian nurses are trained for ef- One congregation is taken as ment will (1) Grant concessions fective service. Eight other typical. It numbered about 125; of ground for leper villages and Protestant missions are at work had been organized 30 years gardens, (2) supply all drugs, in the country. Ethiopia will ago, and continued under the (3) pay for one infirmier for not be civilized by Italian maleadership of one pastor. But each colony, (4) provide food chine guns and bombing planes he reached old age, and was un- and clothing: 0.50 cms. per day but by messengers of Christ who able longer to initiate new proj- for food (or according to local go about doing good.

ects or to cultivate community conditions) and 1 blanket, 1 -M. J. Sorensen.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Advance in Rhodesia beths have become Leahs or Na- medicines the evangelist reads a A new sphere of work has omis. There is a good sprinkling portion of Scripture, gives a been opened among the Mawiko short talk and prayer. Hidd has in northwest Rhodesia. The of Shlomos, (Solomon) Ivrivas, been noted for its fanaticism, "League of Pioneers," a British but never has anyone made a (Irving) Baruchs and Morde- disturbance or shown any disyouth movement to ext end cais in the Palestine Gazette. respect to the preacher or his Christ's Kingdom in southern message. A tour into central Africa, is making progress. The New Theory About Turks Arabia revealed the tremendous change that has come over Riadh League's 890 members under- A new school of history, geog- and Nejd which is best illustake to pray systematically for trated by comparing the treatthe work, to try to interest their raphy and literature has been ment accorded the first doctors friends in it, and to raise funds and the first preacher. The docby taking a collection. Every opened in Angora, Turkey, to be tors visited there in 1917, 1919, branch of the mission's activi- 1921 and 1923. Though welties is spiritual. Many young the nucleus of a university. The comed for their medicines they people have been led to Christ were cursed and reviled and as the result of coming into con- object is to expound new the- sometimes spat upon. On this tact with missionary work, or trip the preacher had the freeby joining the summer camps ories on Turkish history and dom of the city. No stones were arranged for boys and girls. thrown at him, neither was he language. It is claimed that in- -The Christian. vestigation shows that the Turk- ish race has been grossly ma- ligned by older historians biased by racial or religious prej udices.

The Turks are far from being a predatory race of braerabcahreiadns~ but in remote ages high state of culture which they spread during migrations into cursed. That does not mean that WESTERN ASIA China, India, Mesopotamia and his message was accepted, but it New Names for Jews Asia Minor, among the less en- means that bigotry is less bitter.

An interesting development of lightened peoples. They should INDIA Zionism is the desire of many therefore really be considered Jews in Palestine to identify the fathers of civilization it is A Serious Situation themselves as fully as possible said, and possessors of one of with the Jewish homeland by a the greatest and most glorious Since large numbers of Chrischange of name. This is all the histories in the world. tian students are reported ateasier since many of the so- tending non-Christian colleges, -Alliance Weekly. the Bombay Provincial Chriscalled "Jewish" names are not tian Council has adopted the fol- Jewish at all. It is well known Iran Confiscates Periodicals lowing resolutions: that at one time in Germany Jews were assigned German Rev. J. Christy Wilson, writer (1) To record that this Board names, often in the most arbi- for The Presbyterian, reports trary fashion and without any that all American magazines are views with deep concern the presence regard to the wishes of those now confiscated by the authoriwho were compelled to bear ties of Iran as a result of stories of an increasing number of Christian published in some papers which them. Jews in other lands often offended. The circulation of the students inthnaotn-Cthheristpiraonviisnisotnitutoifons~ found it convenient to change papers of one nation among believing their names from one that was those of another nation who do "foreign-sounding" to one more not know the language is ex- Christian environment and the influakin to those prevailing in their ceedingly limited, and it is hoped new surroundings. So, in Amer- that this attitude will be speed- ence of teachers inspired with Chrisica, Weinberg becomes Winfield, ily relaxed, permitting Ameriand in Scotland Markowitz be- can papers to circulate again. tian ideals is of utmost importance comes Macgregor. Then and Now in Arabia for the up'iJuilding of Christian char- Many of the new names acter, and the leadership and nurture of the church in India. (2) To ask the principal of Wilson College, Bom- bay, to prepare a statement of the amount spent annually by the college in aiding poor Christian students and of the grants or scho:arships avail- able for such students, with the con- ditions of tenure. (3) To circulate that statement to the churches and adopted are Biblical. Abraham Writing in Neglected Arabia missions working in the area repre- sented by the Board, and suggest that Obarzanski has become Avram of the work at Bahrein, Dr. they cooperate with the authorities Ben-Barzel, '.~Son of Iron," and Thoms says that the medical Jacob Messongnik, Yaakov Kes- work has continued to expand ?f the Christian colleges, by supply- mg information regarding mission ler. The three families of Black, until one wonders whether build- grants to Christian students in at- tendance there, and by obtaining re- Brown and White are now ings or staff will break first. por~s of. the studen~s' progress. (4) known by their Hebrew equiva- There has been marked increase To mqUlre further mto the economic lent. In the adoption of "given" in the number of in-patients, and other reasons for the presence of names the immigrants have be- out-calls, operations and clinic Christians in non-Christian instItu- tions, and find out what, if any, accome qui t e Biblical-minded. cases. commodation or care is· provided for Amos is quite common as a first In Hidd, a combined evangel- such students by local churches or name. Fanny has become Zi- istic and medical project is car- missions, and how far students avail pora, "Bird"; Sophie, Shifra, ried on in an empty store room. themselves of such facilities.

"Beautiful" ; while the Eliza- While the doctor gets out his -Dnyanodaya.

A Christian Mela inces and many of the States. of the discussion centered about By active propaganda the people Some five to six hundred men of India have been aroused to policy and organization, docand women gathered from 95 help in stamping out the disease. villages of the districts of Main- trinal standards and the practipuri and Etawah to attend a -Alliance Weekly. cal unification of the ministry. Christian mela, February 29 to March 2. The mela was entirely Hindu Strongholds Shaken Two main difficulties were devoted to the discussion of spir- presented by the Methodist itual and social topics. Time had At a meeting of the Poona and Episcopal Church in joining the to be found for holding exami- Indian Village Mission, held in nations to test their knowledge London, evidences of progress contemplated union. One is the of Scripture. Contests were held were related. Nateputa, once hesitation of the India section of in singing and it was interesting fast closed against the mission- this church to break away from to watch groups of young and aries, is now open to the Gospel. its world-wide organization in old competing for the flag which Even in the temple itself, the order to unite with other church boys singing to the god have bodies in India. The other conwas the prize for this contest. been heard singing the songs of cerns the claim of the Methodist Both Christians and non- Zion. Only fear of man seems Episcopal Church that it is a to prevent the head man of the unified organization embracing Christians attended; the latter village from open baptism. He outnumbered the former in the said to the missionary: "Sahib, both missionary and ecclesiastiratio of 5 to 1; but the non- before you came I used to go cal activities. Behind all the ne- Christians were also truth seek- twice daily and fall at the feet gotiations is the question whethers. Their members indicated er independent Indian Christian opinion will support the union.

-The Living Church.

the movement of the depressed of the god, but now I fall at the Caste People Enter Anglican feet of Jesus Christ, and He Church classes toward Christianity. alone is my Saviour." From all enquirers at the mela who sought admission into the A striking story was told of The Living Church reports Christian fold was demanded the the conversion and baptism of a that a large number of low caste condition that they should have Hindu "holy man," who came to Hindus of Travancore are plantheir chutiyas (tuft of hair on the Gospel meeting in the Pand- ning to enter the Anglican their heads) removed. The chu- harpur bazaar with the intention Church. They are said to have tiya links them with the old re- of causing a disturbance. But chosen this church over the Syligion and this link must be bro- instead he was led to Christ, and rian and Roman Churches, the ken. Then they were examined was baptized at his own urgent two other important Christian in Christian essentials: (1) request, to be known henceforth bodies in Travancore, because it John 3: 16. (2) The Ten Com- as William Paul. On returning is the "Church of the King-Emmandments. (3) Their sum- to his home 500 miles away he peror." They count upon the ming up in the words of our suffered bitter persecution, but protection of the British gov- Lord. (4) The Lord's Prayer led his brother and a friend to ernment, through British misand (5) The Apostles' Creed. the Saviour. Now he has come sionaries, against any repressive Each one had to commit these back to the missionaries, and is measures that the state authorito memory and recite t1).em be- staying at Akluj, having regular ties might launch, under the fore the examiners. Out of some Bible instruction with the young guise of quelling a movement of 100 as many as 48 were declared men stationed there, and going disloyalty to the throne of the successful. For their growth in forth with them into the villages Maharajah. knowledge groups of 5 or 6 and to preach the Gospel to his own sometimes 8 or 10 villages have people. He makes no claim on New Preaching Methods been formed according to size the mission, but trusts God for A new way of preaching the and number, and Christian wor- his needs. -The Life of Faith. Gospel is through morality ship and classes of instruction plays. Recently, two of Canon are held. Union Plan Progresses Gairdner's plays, "The Good Sa- maritan" and "Joseph and His Two Million Lepers The Joint Council, which has Brethren" were produced, and Great Britain's Leprosy As- been formed to promote the un- students threw themselves into sociation has made an investiga- ion of the United Church of them most effectively. The audition of leprosy in its Empire, Northern India, the Methodist ence was largely made up of edwhich reveals an increase of Episcopal and the B apt i s t ucated Hindus. The Indian has 700,000 during the past twelve Churches held its third meeting a natural genius for, and appreyears. The disease is far more in Lucknow recently. The Con- ciation of the drama. widespread than was formerly gregationalists of Bengal, affili- Another new way of approach thought. The greatest progress, ated with the London Mission- is through the medium of music. the report states, has been made ary Society, h a v e definitely Both Christians and Hindus in India where an Indian Coun- joined the movement. Thus the gather in an open space in the cil has been organized, with joint council now represents cool of the evening, and the branches in all the Indian Prov- four distinct communions. Most evangelist, accompanying him-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

self on a violin, sings the gospel "It is our aim to lead men to know, literature is composed of quarstory in verse, every now and love and serve God as revealed in terlies and charts on the lessons, then stopping to explain and Jesus Christ, and to know, love and prepared and illustrated by misteach. Thus he sings his way serve their fellowmen." The policy sionaries and Chinese workers. into the hearts of a large audi- adopted contained the following Also a paper is being published ence while they listen by the points:-(l) The establishment of and sent, not only to every provhour. -C. M. S. Gleaner. vital Christian churches which shall ince in China, but to other parts be free to develop according to their of the world where the Chinese OHINA own interpretation of the New Tes- have gone. This paper will even- tament, and from which will issue tually be The Sunday School After a Hundred Years recreative forces transforming the re- Times of China. -Tidings. ligious, social, moral, intellectual and Robert Morrison died feeling social life of the people. (2) The Mr. Bosshardt Released sure that if there were 100 maintenance of a system of education Christians in China after 100 as essential to making contacts be- A cable received at C. 1. M. years of missionary effort it tween church and community, and headquarters April 14 brought would be a miracle. After for the training of Christian leader- the news that Mr. R. A. Boss- 100 years how many Chris- ship in both church and society. (3) hardt had been released uncontians were there? There are the To train physicians, dentists and ditionally, and was as well as graves of 1,800 Christian mar- nurses in order that the practice of could be expected. tyrs, killed in 1900 for their the ministry of healing and public faith. There are 10,000 Chris- health, in a Christian spirit and in It will be recalled that Mr. tian communities. T h i r tee n accordance with modern scientific Bosshardt was captured near g rea t Christian universities standards, may be an effective means Kiuchow, Kweichow, on October train leaders for China's future. in carrying out our aim. (4) To give 1, 1934. From that date to East- The Bible is a best seller. such strength and attention as is pos- er Sunday, 1936, is a period of sible to the promotion of social service 560 days, more than eighteen -Missionary Herald. programs, young men's associations, months. For three-fourths of reading rooms, mass education, rural that time he had the companion- New Life Movement Re-Oast services and anti-vice programs. (5) ship of Mr. Hayman, but for 147 To prepare and circulate Christian days, since Mr. Hayman's re- Gen. Chiang Kai-Shek has literature. lease, he has been alone, or acpublicly criticised the dilatory companied by a German Roman mood now marking his "New -The Chinese Recorder. Catholic priest, who, as far as Life Movement." Meetings of known is still in captivity. those charged with the move- Ohanges in Eight Years ment's activities had become It appears that the Commuperfunctory. In all too many Rev. Thomas P. Worsnip of nist forces had to move quickly centers attention had been di- the South China Alliance Mis- on account of attacks from the rected to imposing blue law reg- sion lis t s several striking air, and the near approach of ulations–questions of cut of changes, observed after an eight the Yunnan troops. On the night hair and dress, etc., and the ne- year absence in the United of April 11, Mr. Bosshardt was cessity of coupling the move- States. After noting the wid- given $10 and a certificate of ment with vital issues had been ened streets, taller buildings, release, and at midnight the Red overlooked. The general now water and sewage systems, elec- Army retired, leaving him free proposes to reorganize it with a trically lighted s t r e e t sand to make his way to Fumin, about view to linking it to social re- changed dress, he speaks of the thirty miles north of Yunnanfu. construction. In Nanking plans spiritual changes. More chil- It is reported that on the 14th have already been started to get dren attend Sunday school and he was moved to the hospital the New Life Movement behind a shamefacedness, which once (doubtless the C. M. S. Hospia reform of the riksha business. seemed to characterize those en- tal) for treatment for slight Other such social issues will take tering and leaving chapel, is pleurisy, and a touch of heart the place of the former emphasis gone. In evangelistic meetings trouble. -China's Millions. on morals, manners and hygiene. invitations are given by the The movement suffers from lack preacher for those interested to "Mud Oollege" of competent leaders, who know raise the hand, to stand, or to how to tie it up to vital issues. come forward for prayer. Years Sam Dean, Presbyterian mis- ago this was never done. The sionary in Peiping, is proudly -The Christian Century. Chinese did not know the mean- developing what he calls a "mud ing of such procedure. college," in which young techni- Baptists Look Forward cal students are trained in archi- Evangelistic bands are being tecture and engineering, earning The West China Baptist Mis- trained in three months' Bible not only their own way, but paysion has issued a new definition Schools, where they acquire a ing many of the expenses of the of aim and policy, based on the working knowledge of Christi- "college" by the work they are determination to advance in es- anity, and go on the "firing line" doing. sentials, and retreat in nones- for the other nine months of the sentials. The aim is stated thus: year. Traveling libraries represent another type of rural work being Another remarkable change is that the Chinese are publishing Christian Sunday school litera- ture, subscribed for and sent to every province in China. This

developed. The "librarian" car- nomination of Shinto, Buddhism All the evangelistic efforts of ries books from village to vil- and Christianity is called upon the various denominations and lage, making a point of visiting to secure official registration as Christian 0 r g ani z a t ion s government schools. In one sta- a "juridical person," but there throughout the country are betion, the 1,000 books (chiefly re- is no particular reason to expect, ing unified and inter-related. ligious biography, hygiene and at present, that there will be in- Among the types of gatherings health, and other useful sub- terference with the tenets of any contemplated are public mass j ects) are distributed in 50 vil- ordinary religions. meetings; training conferences lages, in schools, churches, po- for religious leaders; special lice stations, shops and private The bill looks forward to a round tables for educators and houses. Another project is the measure of state control over public-spirited village, town and "Lord's Acre" plan, by which religions, and would place in the city leaders; meetings in eduthe products of a given plot of hands of the authorities the cational institutions; conferground are devoted to the use of right to judge whether a person ences on rural uplift, and on furthe church in helping to build up was fit to hold a responsible po- thering evangelism in industrial self-support. sition as pastor or evangelist. and commercial areas. Should it pass it will undoubted- -Monday Morning. ly affect the carrying on of re- After Forty-Five Years ligious propaganda throughout JAPAN -CHOSEN the empire. It may also affect Recently on the street of the status of schools, and the Pyengyang a loud-speaking vic- A Forward Movement opinion has been expressed from trola sent forth the hymn, Korea that it might lead to re- "Jesus Shall Reign," and Dr. A Commission on Nation-wide striction of educational work on Moffett stopped on the street to Evangelism has completed its the part of the Christian forces give thanks to God for what had organization, and is asking there. occurred in the 45 years since Christians throughout the em- he first came to Pyengyang. At pire to remember this movement Christians and Militarism that time there was not one in their morning devotions, and Christian in the then-known also to organize groups which Japanese Christians we r e most wicked city of the nation, will undergird this evangelistic deeply humiliated by the milita- nor in the whole of north Korea. effort with a volume of united rist outbreak in Tokyo. They Still, multitudes have not yet prayer. A budget of 5,000 yen seek a better way of strengthenhas been adopted for the present ing the Japanese people than by heard the Gospel and 98 % of the year. It is hoped that during militarism, they believe that the the first year of the movement way of Christ is more powerful people do not know of Christ. special campaigns may be con- in achieving national solidarity ducted in the empire's six major than any other method. On -The Presbyterian Banner. cities-Tokyo, Yokohama, Na- April 28th the Christians held a goya, Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe-and great mass meeting in Tokyo at Church Discipline in Chosen in six near-by cities. which Dr. George W. Truett of Dallas, T e x a s, world-famed Revelation tell s how one Literature evangelism will be evangelist, was present. They church in Chosen put into pracmade a special feature of the released a statement of which tice their belief that "a deacon movement. This will take ad- the following is a part: shall be filled with the Holy Spirvantage of the present awaken- it." A deacon of this church ing among educators and na- "Recognizing that Christians owned a rice field which had a tional leaders regarding the in the past have fallen far short very good crop in the drought need of religious education in of fulfilling their great mission, year. Everyone in the church the training of the youth. Spe- in deep repentance they affirm knew the approximate income cial meetings for educators will in this crisis their relief that of this deacon; annually he rebe held in which religious edu- only the Gospel of Christ can be ceived about two hundred yen in cation will be the central theme. the safe guiding star for the cash. His pledge to the church At an early date a "Religious people's thinking and can bring was fifteen yen each year. This Education" number of the King- eternal welfare to the father- particular season his income was dom of God Weekly will be pub- land. Zealously, therefore, we almost doubled because of the lished for distribution among bestir ourselves, and emphasiz- high price of rice. When the teachers of Primary and Middle ing the love of God and the grace deacon subscribed fifteen yen he Schools. of Christ we proclaim this Gos- was brought before the elders pel to our fellow nationals. We, of the church, was told that ,his Religious Bill's Implications the Christians of the empire, failure to increase his gifts in united and with an unbroken proportion to his income was a Comments on the Religious front, propose to launch a great sin against the Lord and against Bill are being made by a num- union evangelistic movement the church, and he was forced to ber of Japanese papers. One of and carry forward a nation-wide resign his office of deacon and the features of the new bill dynamic program of aggressive was put on probation for severseems to be that each sect or de- evangelism." al months.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The Christian Life Speaks department. There are eight na- NORTH AMERICA tive workers in this southern Mrs. Harry J. Hill tells an Celebes field. Four of the 12 The National Assembly of incident of the past year which fields are in Borneo. the Oxford Group proves that by-products of missionary service may have far Two high spots of the work Audiences variously estimated reaching results. are, first the ingathering of at from 3,000 to 10,000 people 8,000 Dyaks in Borneo, and, sec- gathered at Stockbridge, Massa- A Bible school girl, worker in ond, the large number of men chusetts, May 29 to June 8, to rural areas, said to the mission- attending the Bible school. Al- listen to Oxford Group leaders ary, "Did you go out to such and ready over 50 students of the from many lands bear testimony such a village one hot day last Bible school are out in the work, to the change God has wrought fall, walking ten li or so just to gaining practical experience in in their own lives and to the talk with one little backsliding the art of soul-winning. A need of everyone for new spirsaxi and her young husband?" Women's Bible School has been itual life in order that the world organized. may be transformed through "Yes, what about the two, did men and women in harmony you meet them ?" The students come from all with God. Lenox, Great Bar- points of the compass, natives rington and Stockbridge were "Well, the girl is weak, and from many unreached islands, captured and the leaders moved her husband evidently not a true and speaking between 20 and 30 on to New York, on June 8, to believer yet, but the whole vil- island dialects. hold a great mass meeting in lage heard that a missionary the Metropolitan Opera House. from Pyengyang had gone clear Chinese workers of the Chi- Among the speakers at these out there and out into the fields nese Foreign Missionary Union meetings were members of the just to 'preach to' that girl and have done splendid work. In nobility, professors, preachers everywhere I went people said, Borneo, their reward has been and public men from Great 'There must be something in this nearly 3,000 converts. It is safe Britain and Europe, as well as Jesus doctrine, if the foreigner to say that over 10,000 have ac- converted Socialists, pickpockis willing to go to all that trou- cepted Christ in these few years, ets and drunkards from the ble. Come in, and we'll listen to and there are probably as many lower strata of society. Others what you have to say.' " more awaiting baptism, as soon came from many walks of life as workers can be sent to teach in United States and Canada. ISLANDS OF THE SEA them. The leaders express their convic- tion that the secret of a changed A Mission Ship Indispensable Methodists in the Philippines -Godly-world is changed indi- The Bishop of Melanesia re- viduals that make up the world, Two new Methodist Confer- and that the secret of this ports that the Mission Ship, ences have come into being-the change is complete surrender to "Southern Cross No.7," has Philippine and the Philippine the will of God. Whatever difproved a thoroughly seaworthy North. Eight Filipino district ference of conviction there may craft. Last year she carried the superintendents, under Bishop be as to method, there is no bishop nineteen thousand miles, Edwin F. Lee, are doing a fine room for difference of opinion besides bringing Christian boys piece of work in meeting new as to the desirability of attainand girls from remote islands to local and national needs with a ing the objective. Testimonies school, sick people to hospitals, well-rounded Christian p r 0- from many parts of the world teachers to centers for "refresh- gram. Two hundred and twen- give evidence that the Gospel as er" courses, and stores to outly- ty-nine ministers are under reg- presented by the Oxford Group ing stations. This little ship ular appointment. Leaders are is effecting transformations in plays a very important part in cooperating in the development all lands and in all classes of the work of the church in Mela- of a church organization that the society. nesia. She is the link which Filipinos will be able to mainbinds together the church in the tain. Church membership is 87,- Bible Reading in Schools many islands, a constant remind- 572, making this the largest er to the native Christians of Methodist group in the Far East. New York's Supreme Court the love of the people in the Pastors are on a basis of self- Justice William T. Collins has home church. support, which, though inade- rendered a decision upholding quate, enables local churches to hymn singing and Bible reading Netherlands East Indies accept entire responsibility for in public schools, and the occa- the promotion of their. activities. sional use of school buildings by Mr. R. A. Jaffray summarizes religious and racial organizathe achievements in the Nether- The division into two confer- tions. Free thinkers of Amerlands East Indies Mission. At ences was along language and ica had objected to the practice, least a start has been made in race lines-the Ilocanos forming in effect for many years, and twelve distinct fields, widely a distinct group from the Taga- had brought the case to court. scattered and embracing an area logs, though both are Christian equal to half the distance across and Filipino in their loyalty. North America. Makassar is the headquarters, and located there -The Christian Advocate. are Bible school and publication

Answering their charge, Justice The National Bible Institute Board Cancels Debt Collins declared: The purpose of the National For the third consecutive year Bible Institute during its 29 the Presbyterian Board of Na- "To read the Bible in schools years' history has been to take tional Missions closed its fiscal the Gospel message to New year with a surplus. Receipts for these and like purposes, or York's unevangelized millions, from all sources amounted to and through its schools to afford $2,492,111.15 and expenditures to require it to be read without Christian young men and women to $2,489,441.91, leaving a sur- opportunities for acquiring a plus of $2,669.24. Of the resectarian explanations, is no in- thorough knowledge of the ceipts, $1,570,037.64 came from Scriptures, and for securing gifts from churches, Sunday terference with religious liberty. Spirit-guided training for Chris- schools, youth budget, mission- tian service as pastors, mission- ary organizations, individuals; It is not urged that any particu- aries, evangelists and Bib I e and $927,599.37 from unre- teachers. In the last school stricted legacies and invested lar sect or religion or biblical year, 402 young men and women funds. It is said that only 400/0 were enrolled. of the church members are conversion is being taught or insin- tributing to the mission cause. During the twenty-nine years, uated. It is not maintained that the Institute has conducted more Through depletion of legacy than 50,000 outdoor evangelistic funds, the accumulated debt of dogmatic reI i g ion is being meetings, with an aggregate at- $1,055,252.58, as of March 31, tendance of more than seven mil- 1936, has been cancelled. This foisted upon any pupil. No spe- lion persons. More than 1,750,- leaves the Board of National 000 Gospels and Gospel messages Missions today without a debt cial sect or creed or tenet is fav- have been distributed. In these for the first time in its history. meetings there were more than It is pointed out that this action ored. The use of the Bible in 70,000 professed conversions. has reduced the Board's annual Also during this period at the income by the amount of interno way affects the belief of free Institute's mission halls in New est that so large a sum safely in- York there was an aggregate at- vested would yield. thinkers. Authentic free think- tendance of more than one mil- lion persons. Methodist Laymen's Movement ing involves the indubitable Crime Problem in U. S. Formal organization of the right to believe in God as well as Layman's Religious Movement, J. Edgar Hoover, head of an unofficial, liberal group in the the unfettered license not to be- crime investigation, in address- Methodist Episcopal Church, -Missions. ing the D. A. R., stated that files was announced April 23. Outlieve." of his bureau revealed 3,000,- lining the purposes of the move- 000 convicted criminals in this ment an official statement as- Missions Handicapped by country and that "one out of serts that "in every age religion every 25 persons in the United has been quickened and revived Intoxicants States is inclined toward crim- by active participation in the inality." Declaring that he had great group social movements, The apparent inability of the no wish to cause alarm, Mr. which have arisen from the ever government to prevent the sale Hoover said he was compelled to changing conditions of human of intoxicating liquor to Indians admit that there are "150,000 living." It continues by saying adds to the difficulties against murderers roaming at large in that the sponsors and endorsers which Christian missionaries the country, and that statistics of the Statement of Principles are continually obliged to con- show that within the lifetime of find it impossible "to be silent tend. Before repeal, the boot- everyone alive today 200,000 regarding the 'un-Christian, unlegger was more easily discov- persons will commit murder be- ethical and anti-social' aspects ered by Indians who were op- fore they die and more than of present-day civilization which posed to the liquor traffic, and 300,000 persons will be mur- everyone recognizes. apprehended by government dered." Mr. Hoover said that the police. Now the supply of liquor average citizen pays a tax-of "With millions unemployed is abundant and it is offered at a $120 a year "for the privilege and many more millions underprice within the reach of the In- of living in a country which each paid; with countless families dians, especially those receiving year sees 12,000 murders, 46,981 living below subsistence levels; cash for their labor under the cases of felonious assault, 283,- and members of the younger government work – relief pro- 685 burglaries, 779,956 larcenies generation denied to a large exgram. and 247,346 automobile thefts." tent the right to establish a ca- reer with any hope of opportu- Numerous tribal councils have -United Presbyterian. nity and security, it would be appealed to the government to unthinkable t hat Methodists seize and punish those who en- should not prayerfully seek congage in debauching the Indians, by enticing them into vicious resorts, and the Navajo Council some months ago assumed the responsibility of appointing a force of special policemen to ferret them out and bring them to justice. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs is aware of these distressing conditions and is making earnest efforts to apply corrective measures. Large appropriations of money not now available would be required to clean up these plague spots, such as are found in centers like Gallup, N. M.

-The Presbyterian Tribune.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

structive methods of correcting ministry in their behalf; to en- The objects of the association these conditions," the statement list various church agencies in are threefold: (1) to unite all continues. a program of service, and to Japanese, especially Christian devise effective methods of ap- students, and to cultivate organ- Inner Missions Surveyed proach. ized effort; (2) to promote growth of Christian character Three hundred and eighty- Converts in the Jewish field and fellowship among its memtwo agencies, societies and insti- compare favorably in number bers and to spread the Christian tutions of the Lutheran Church and character with those in any way of life among Japanese stuin the United States minister, in other field of the church. Peniel, dents in America; (3) to stim- Christ's name, to orphans, de- Chicago, reports two hundred ulate capacity for service and to ficient, sick, handicapped and fifty converts from a community render needed services for the friendless. The activities show a of socialist Jews in fifteen years general welfare of Japanese stuvariety of types-orphanages, resulting in the formation of a dents in America. Local chap- 66; homes for the aged, 81; church. ters endeavor to emphasize perdeaconess mother-houses, 12 ; sonal evangelism, to conduct hospitals, 76; hospices, 33; In- -National Missions. religious forums or discussion ner Mission Societies, 73; sea- groups; to foster prayer circles men's homes, 19; home-finding One Indian to Anothe:r and prayer life, to encourage atsocieties, 15; settlement houses tendance at student Christian and day nurseries, 9. The total The way the Gospel makes its conferences, to organize sectionproperty valuation is almost influence felt is seen in an In- al conferences, and to encourage $50,000,000, of which the hospi- dian's letter to another Indian, contact with Christian homes. tals absorb almost half. whose respective tribes were bitter enemies in former years. -Japanese Students Directory. There were 1,022,182 persons served by the organizations re- WHITE ARM, New Church in Alaska porting; Inner Mission societies ministered to 713,146 and hos- LODGE GRASS, MONTANA. The Eskimo village of Wainpitals to 200,117, all without re- wright, Alaska, is to have its gard to creed or race. Dear Brother, own church building. Wain- wright is located on the far -Lutheran News. r writing short letter to you so you north Alaskan coast some 110 miles southwest of Barrow. The Jewish Situation know my little baby girl died. Your There are more than two hun- friend Bird Bear came home from dred active members of the There are more Jews in Amer- Crow reservation after my baby died. Presbyterian church in this isoica than in all Asia, Africa, Bird Bear told me your daughter lated village, under the care of South America, Australasia and Dr. Henry Greist, who recently most of the countries of Western died some time ago too. r sorry to resigned as doctor and pastor of Europe combined. The vast ma- Barrow. Because of the presjority have come since 1880, the hear that but at same time we can sure of work at Barrow, and the greatest number from Russia thank God she gone to better land fact that it takes from two to and Poland. They are scattered where no sin, nQ heavy heart, where three days to make the trip by over every state of the Union, tears are wiped from her face. dog team between Barrow and in 9,712 different places. Two- Wainwright, such trips are necthirds of the total number live r very glad to hear you helping essarily infrequent. Services in the Eastern states, about one have been conducted regularly million in the Western and Pa- missionary at Lodge Grass. Be true by two Eskimo workers who liscific states, and one-half million to Jesus, White Arm, and show with tened to the sermons broadcast in the Southern states. Though daily life that you are new man and by the late Rev. E. L. Winterso widely scattered, 3,000,000 that way everything will come out to berger, missionary pastor at live in eleven cities, of which your best. It will not always be like Anchorage, took notes, made New York has 2,000,000, Chi- yQU think but if you walk straight aU translations into Eskimo, and cago, 325,000 and Philadelphia will be good. You might have to wait gave a digest of the sermons at 270,000. but everything turn out all right. the services the following Sun- day in the little government Phenomenal changes are tak- Remember me to Crows and be good school house. ing place in Jewish life and thought. Today, they are more to yourself. r now enclose my letter Since last fall Wainwright has open-minded, more willing to had a resident minister, Rev. consider the claims of Christ. with prayer and best regards. Thats Percy Ipalook, product of the Some of the objectives of the all. Good by. Barrow Mission and the first Es- Presbyterian Board are to edu- kimo to be trained for the mincate the church concerning the -Missions. istry. Jewish situation in America, and the need and opportunity of a Japanese Students in U. S. A. -Presbyterian Board News.

The Japanese Students' Chris- tian Association in North Amer- ica, the dream of many a Japa- nese student in the past, was proposed at a meeting of J apa- nese delegates to the Student Volunteer Convention at Indian- apolis in January, 1924. In the following June the national or- ganization became a reality, and since then has made a record growth. Three national conven- tions have been held; at Evans- ville in 1927, at Detroit in 1928 and at Buffalo in 1931.

LATIN AMERICA work in northern Brazil. A Bi- found the Lord in a regimental ble Training Institute has been meeting. What happened to him New Day in Venezuela started in the state of Maranhao. also occurred to two other sturdy One sees hope for a new day The Baptist Church has ex- soldiers and their families in the in Venezuela. One of the first tended its work among the In- same regiment. moves of President Lopez Con- dians in the state of Amazonas, treras was to order the building and some Indians have been bap- Pioneering in the Argentine of over 500 rural schoolhouses tized. The Presbyterian Church in the state capital, Manaos, has No Indians in the Chaco need and the establishment of trades been enlarged to accommodate a mission more than the Pilaga. schools in all the state capitals. increased numbers. A new pa- Unscrupulous settlers and sol- A large program of public works per in Portuguese to arouse inhas given employment to thou- terest in the evangelization of diers have caused all Spanishsands of men at a fair wage. the Indians of the Amazon area speaking people to be enemies in has been published and has met Freedom of speech and of the with an unexpected welcome. A the eyes of these simple yet repress were also established to new church has been inaugu- vengeful people. Because of some extent, with full freedom rated in the state capital of Para, and among Gaviao and their rigid rule in vendetta, the for the country when it has re- Cherente Indians evangelical Pilaga have been hunted each turned to normal conditions. work has been opened. year, many being slain, in order With the return of many of the to pay for the slaughter of nuintelligentsia from exile, with Sunday School Convention in merous whites-who have been the nation free from public debt, Peru killed by the Pilaga in order to with an assured income from oil At the first national, interde- pay for the slaughter of their production, and a desire on the nominational Sunday School tribesmen, and so the vicious Convention in Lima, Peru, in circle went. Yet these people part of the people for a retu:r:n 1935, there were present at the begged for a missionary, and to the normal type of economIC opening session 53 delegates replife there is every reason for resenting 30 Sunday schools. finally two were sent. The Inoptimism. A president who, in Denominational lines were elim- dians built substantial huts, inated, and the meetings were made gardens, a well, cut roads. a country where no building was open to the general public. From A school is now being built by ever erected for educational pur- SIxty to a hundred people were the Indians themselves, as they poses, starts out with th~ aim of usually present. Two delegates immediately inc rea SIn g the walked half the distance down are most anxious to learn to read school population, is evidently a the Andes mountains because and write. Twenty-eight Indi- they had only enough train fare departure from the usual run of for half the way. ans meet each week for Chris- Latin American rulers. tian instruction. So interested A committee was appointed to are they that they get all the In- Brazil's Evangelical Congress dians together in the village of one chief or another, and there An Evangelical Congress was they sing hymns, pray simply, held in Brazil in the latter part and the chief of that village tells what he learns in the inquirer's foefdeJruantei~norgoaf niEzevdabnygtehel Con- class. i cal Churches. Evangelization was stimulate the production of orig- the first of the subjects to come inal hymns in Spanish, to select under review, and an important and make available simple songs, place was given to questions re- having in mind especially the A Superior Education lating to work among youth, and children under eight years of the production and use of litera- age; and to study the matter of Offered by Calvert Courses FOR CHILDREN ture. The Confederation is pri- making victrola records for use marily a Brazilian movement, in teaching hymns in the outly- drawing its inspiration from the ing p I ace s. Demonstration More than 50,000 children have ac- desire of Brazilian Christians to classes in teaching were held quired a superior elementary education … in their own homes … in this take every step necessary to for- during the week. interesting and simple way.

ward the evangelization of their Chilean Soldiers Recommended by Mission Boards, Educountry. Some 250,000 Evangel- cators State Department, and Army and N'avy Officials. ical Christians are in touch with Mr. William M. Strong ~ays the cooperating churches. Article 1 of the Constitution states he saw "a bit of heaven III a Dspaeicliyallemssaotnes:iaslesleacntdedpbeorosokns,asl tagtuiio~naenrcye, its objectives: "To express and humble Chilean home." It was stimulate evangelical unity, pro- … by mail … from our promment in the shining face of a sergeant and successful private day school in' mote organized act ion, and of infantry, sitting propped up Baltimore. maintain relationships with the in bed reading his Bible. "He Write today for illustrated catalog.

had been at home sick with the Church of Christ in all the grippe for several days, and was CALVERT SCHOOL , world." not expecting company when we Mrs. O. S. Rhoads. Director of Home Instruction There are signs here and there dropped in on him, so the Bible 188 Tuscany Road. Baltimore, Md. of development in evangelical was not just for show. This man

'~I—=======-==========================Ol~

Our'Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,===============-;=,~ Taking Hold of God. By Samuel M. IX, X, XI and XII, should im- est, is the Power of Prayer, both Zwemer. 188 pp. $1.00. Zondervan subjective and objective, as con- Publishing House. Grand Rapids, mediately follow Chapter I on stantly asserted in the Bible and Michigan. 1936. The Antiquity and Universality proved in the experience of saints ancient and modern. The A new book by this great mis- of Prayer, rather than the sev- well-known H i n d ran c e s to sionary, life-long student of Is- eral chapters on the Nature, Prayer, external and internal, lam, founder and editor of The Power and Indispensability of are discussed, with appropriate Moslem World, and, since 1930, Prayer, ideally the most natural remedies. Professor of the History of Religion and Christian Missions in and impressive conclusion of the Non-Christian Prayers and the Princeton Theological Seminary, book, which, however, is made specially vital relation of Prayer is a not infrequent and always forceful by the presentation of and Missions form two chapters. welcome event. the example of Our Lord. Old Testament Prayers, the Prayers of Paul, an analysis of In these "Studies on the Na- The author maintains not only The Lord's Prayer, and the ture, Need and Power of that there has been no religion unique Prayers of Our Lord Prayer," Dr. Zwemer has left without prayer, but that there Himself, complete the main text his special field of research and of the volume, which, however, devoted service to make a valu- can be none. It is the only chan- is supplemented by "A Devoable contribution to the Chris- nel between the seen and the un- tional Service and Meditation on tian Church's realization of "the seen, the only bridge across the The Trinity, arranged from vaheart of its religion,"-of all re- abyss of eternity. While most rious sources," and by a selected ligion,-and the indispensable pagan prayers are for temporal Bibliography. source of its power to fulfill its mission. Dedicated "To my col- good, many of them have been -COURTENAY H. FENN. leagues on the mission field, who addressed to a Supreme Being have been an inspiration in the in recognition of a spiritual re- At the Point of a Lancet. William goodly fellowship of prayer," lationship and filial dependence. Warder, 304 pp. Kelly & Walsh, the book is manifestly not mere- Ltd. Shanghai. 1935. ly a series of Biblical and his- Prayer is not easy to define: torical studies but also a record it includes more than petition, The practice of medicine 100 of mature experience of "the life yet petition is at its heart. years ago was something dishid with Christ in God." James Montgomery's familiar tinctly different from what it is hymn defines it in fourteen pic- today. The modern up-to-the- Believing that Jesus alone can tures. The sixty-fourth chapter minute practicioner has such an teach His disciples how to pray, armamentarium of instruments and that prayer is a great real- of Isaiah is its most perfect ex- and technical aids in the realm ity, Dr. Zwemer seeks to bring pression. The recognition and of electricity, light, heat, masevery thought concerning his thankful adoration of God; the sage and water therapy, that he theme "into captivity to the obe- pouring out of the heart before well-nigh requires a special condience of Christ." He has no Him in conviction, confession, sultant to enumerate them all. sympathy with the modern the- contrition and consecration; pe- From this glorification of gadgory that the value of prayer is tition for the accomplishment of ets and marvelously clever and solely subjective, but believes His holy and loving will, and in- efficient machinery, it is a long that "Prayer changes things," step back to the day when Peter as proved by "its universality, tercession for all men in relation Parker, in the autumn of 1835, its antiquity, its nature, its mys- to the Kingdom of God, consti- opened his hospital' at Canton tery and its history," and heart- tute true prayer. and began to treat Chinese afily echoes the words of Glad- flicted with eye diseases. He was stone, "Prayer is the highest ex- The comparative unimpor- a skillful doctor, and he was also pression of the human intellect." tance yet positive importance of a devoted missionary. Direct Place, Posture and Time in missionary activity as well as all Logically, the his tor y of prayer are fully treated and the other forms of foreign penetra- Prayer, as recorded in Chapters lack of devotion of time noted as one of the average Christian's chief impotences. The Horology of Bishop Andrewes is set forth in full.

The center of the studies, and that which is of most vital inter- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent hy the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[383 ]

tion was vigorously opposed by abroad. He discusses the sub- ticular." They were restless, the Chinese Government, but ject under three heads-Getting, roving adventurers of the sixwithin a year Parker's ministry, Spending and Giving. Each is because of its skill and sym- presented with clarity of state- teenth and ninteenth centuries pathy, was eagerly sought by ment, cogency of reasoning and respectively; but they were picrich and poor, by official and aptness of illustration. The senpeasant. In 1837 on some days tences are short and crisp. turesque characters who had his patients numbered two or There is an occasional one that, strange and sometimes thrilling three hundred. Thus Peter taken by itself, might be misin- experiences, and the reader is Parker, an American missionary terpreted; but as a rule the grateful to Dr. Gowen for bringphysician, broke down the prej- statements win instant assent. ing them out of the oblivion udices that sealed the doors of The book has special interest for where they were known to only China. missionaries and their support- ers, for most of the discussion of a few research scholars like him- It is an enchanting story, and giving is on the relation or giV- self. So his volume is both in- Dr. William W. Cadbury and ing to foreign missions. Crit- structive and interesting. Mary H. Jones, in "At the Point icisms are refuted and the scope of a Lancet," tell it with all the and worth of missions are ef- ARTHUR J. BROWN. vividness that such a story pos- fectively presented. Of the book sesses. They carry it on-this as a whole, that good judge, We Beheld His Glory. The Primistory of the Canton Hospital- Prof. Halford E. Luccock of tive Christian Message and Presthrough the 100 years that have Yale Divinity School, writes: ent-Day Religious Trends. By stretched on from those early be- "It is a masterpiece of lucid Nicholas Arseniev, D.D. Translated ginnings of Parker working in s tat e men t and penetrating from the German by Mary Anita his warehouse hospital without thought, a profound and persua- Ewer, Ph.D. 220 pp. $3.00. Morenurse or dispenser or assistant sive Christian philosophy of life. house Publishing Co. New York. down to the newly planned mod- Its wide use throughout the 1936. ern hospital shortly to replace Church will make notable histhe old buildings, making this tory." ARTHUR J. BROWN. The subtitle defines the charfamous old institution a vital part of a great University-Medi- Five Foreigners in Japan. By Her- acter of this book. The author cal School-Hospital enterprise. bert H. Gowen, D.D. 283 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell Company. New is a professor of the Orthodox The power and fruitfulness of York. 1936. these 100 years of testimony Greek Church at the University through the compassionate heal- The author of this attractive ing ministry is beyond human volume is professor of Oriental of Warsaw. In his epilogue he comprehension. This faithful Studies in the University of and sacrificial witness, through Washington, and the "Five For- gives the reason for writing the the lips and the hands of such eigners" are Fernando Mendez servants of God as Parker, Kerr, Pinto, Francis Xavier, Will book. Thomson, Swan, Niles, Kirk, Adams, Ronald MacDonald and Cadbury, and many skillful Chi- Townsend Harris. So much has "In our day the power of nese associates, has made "At been written about Xavier and the Point of a Lancet" a story Harris that their careers are Christ is functioning perhaps of which the Christian Church well known; but Dr. Gowen has may well be proud. graphically retold their life with especial strength, even in stories with full appreciation of J. D. VAUGHAN. who these historic men were the midst of human injustices, and what they did. Christian Materialism. By Francis among atrocities, and suffering. John McConnell. 167 pp. $1.25 Pinto, Adams and MacDonald, cloth; 60 cents paper. Friendship are less known. Adams, the first And we know that even in suf- Press. New York. 1936. Englishman to visit Japan, be- came a protege of the great Sho- fering, even beneath the Cross, This book is small in size but gun, Iyeyasu, in the early declarge in importance. It was ades of the seventeenth century there is the power of the Risen written at the request of the and rendered a service as pilot United Stewardship Council, and shipbuilder which is com- One: a piece of another, higher representing twenty-six Protes- memorated by a monument still tant communions, which felt standing in Tokyo. We doubt reality, and yet existent within that a new study of the Chris- whether Pinto and McDonald this reality, inwardly enriching tian's relation to material pos- can properly be classified, as we sessions was urgently needed. are told in the Foreword, among it, illuminating and permeating Bishop McConnell was eminent- the men who had "influence uply fitted for the task by his long on the history of the Far East it." experience as a Christian leader in general and of Japan in parand his wide knowledge of the After a general explanation religious situation at home and of the realism of early Chris- tianity we have an account of the religious situation in the world today through the eyes of a Greek Catholic. The phenom- ena of modern Protestant the- ology and their belief in the church and the sacrament are contrasted with the J ohannine vision of glory which belongs to the Eastern Church. John's the- ology is that of the Incarnation.

A concluding chapter gives some tendencies in modern Roman Catholic thought. .

The divine victory and the manifestation of redemption at the incarnation was "the inrush of God into the world." Today, says the author, this Christian message is being rediscovered in its full force. S. M. Z.

Books Personal Items Eternal

China Christian Year Book, 1934-5. (Concluded from page 337.) T IME is an impartial yet severe test of value. Edited by Frank Rawlinson. 458 Money comes and goes) stocks nse and fall. pp. $2.00. Arthur H. Clark Co. Dr. and Mrs. F. C. Stephenson, of Glendale, Calif. Toronto, for over forty years have blliJdings are used and decay. Returns from been leaders in the work of mission- Hlvestments in this world are at best uncertain. The Church That Is To Be.-C. M. ary education in Canada. Dr. Ste- ;;'hat a contrast then is a work which "gather- S. Report for 1935. 52 pp. 6d. C. phenson is retiring from the active ttil fruit unto life eternal" (John 4: 36) ! M. S. London. work of his office as Secretary of Mis- sionary Education in the United Invest in the Lord's Work Interpreters: A Study in Contempor- Church of Canada. ary Evangelism. Max Warren. 142 X-'-h~o you use your m.oney to further men's work, pp. 2s. 6d. C. M. S. London. *** passmg good or growmg evil m~y result. When An Introduction to Mexico. Anna Dr. Howard Guinness, of the In- you put your money in trust WIth us t? furth~r Dill Gamble, R. A. McGowan, 48 pp. tervarsity Fe:lowship of Evangelical the Lord's work. only lasting good can come of It. 10 cents. Catholic Assn. for Inter- Unions, has undertaken a five months' national Peace. Washington, D. C. visit to the universities of South Af- THE BIBLE h;;1TTUTE COLPORTAGE ASSOCIATION rica where he will hold conferences OF C.H.ICAGO is an undenominational (.interdenomi~ Korean Young Folks. Frederick S. in four universities and six univer- national). thoroughly evangelical sG,;;iety. founded Miller. 190 pp. $2.00. Revell. New sity colleges of the Union. There are by D. L. Moody 10 1894. Its object accordlOg to York. nearly '7,000 white students in South Its charter is: Africa. Literature for the South African "To circulate, distribute. make. publish. buy. Bantu. R. H. W. Shepherd. 1s. 82 The Rev. Francis Car Stifier, D.D. sell and give away books, pamphlets, tracts, pp. Carnegie Corp. Pretoria, So. has been elected Editorial Secretary singing b,?oks, Bibles, Testaments, and evan~ Africa. of the American Bible Society. He gellcal rdlgious publications, and to use any will be responsible for the Society's Long Live the King! George V, King monthly publication, The Bible Society surplus funds of the Association in and about and Emperor. Prince and Sover- Record, and the preparation of pro- Bible and evangelical work," eign, Edward VIII. Eric Acland. motional literature. 372 pp. $1.50. Winston. Philadel- The years have tested and proven the soundness of phia. *** Dwight L. Moody's vision, The Gospel in ,its simplicity and power has been available to nch Many Members-One Body in Christ. The Rev. A. Thakur Das, M.A., S. P. G. Report for 1935. 1s. 236 has been elected Moderator of the and poor that men mi&ht understand the plan of pp. S. P. G. in Foreign Parts. Lon- General Assembly of the United sal vatlOo, grow 10 Chnstian living, and more ef~ don. Church of Northern India. fectively work for the Lord. True behevers. who desire to attach themselves to a lIVIng, VItal, pro~ The Nez Perces Since Spalding. *** grcssive Gospel agency such as this, are invited to Mary M. Crawford. 66 pp. Pres- byterian Book Store. San Fran- Dr. T. Demura was recently elected tellowship in the support and enlargement of our cisco. President of North Japan College, ministry. This may be done in varIOuS ways: under the Reformed Church in the Omwa! Are You Awake? P. H. J. United States to succeed Pres. D. B. 1. D,rect gifts–checks or currency. Lerrigo. 175 pp. $1.25. Revell. Schneder, retired. Dr. DemUl'a takes New York. up his work with a thorough knowl- 2. Donation of bonds or stocks. (If the in· edge of the principles, spirit and One Hundred Thrilling Tales. Hy objectives of his alma mater. come is needed during life, the security Pickering. 216 pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. London. Obituary Notes may be placed with us in trust.) Puritans in the South Seas. Louis (Concluded from second cover.) 3. Provide tor a legacy or bequest by last B. Wright and Mary Isabel Fry. wlll and testament. 350 pp. $2.00. Holt & Co. New Mrs. A. R. Stadin, a missionary of 4. Assign to the Colportage Association any York. the Seventh Day Adventists in Ethi- rights to unsettled estates, or rents and lfl~ opia, was ki:Jed on May 2d by a stray The Shrine of a People's Soul. Ed- bullet from an Italian gun. come from any property. , win W. Smith. 208 pp. 2s. and 2s. 3d. Edinburgh House Press. Lon- *** S. Name the AssoClatlOn as a benefiCIary don. Mrs. Grace Bekins Stauffacher, under a life insurance policy. Henry Harmon Spalding, Pioneer of wife of Charles J. Stauffacher, M.D., 6. Loan funds to be used without interest; Old Oregon. Illus. Clifford Merrill died at Gikuki, Portuguese East Af- Drury. 438 pp. $3.00. Caxton rica, March 25. Born in Hickman, Or give an estate note. Printers, Ltd. Caldwell, Idaho. Neb., and educated in Minneapolis. After completing her training as a Legal Form of Bequest Students and the Christian W orId nurse, she married and went to Afri- Mission: Report of the Student ca, where she was of great assistance "I hereby gIve, devise and bequeath unto. The Volunteer Convention. Edited by in medical work and in the training Blble Institute Colportage ASSOCIatIOn of Ch,cago. Jesse R. Wilson. 333 pp. $2.00. of African girls in nurse service. a corporation organized and existmg under the Student Volunteer Movement. New York. *** laws of the State of Winois. the sum of , …. , ..

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Viewed by Africans and Missionaries ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS, CHARTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS UNOCCUPIED FIELDS IN AFRICA By ALEXANDER McLEISH THE AFRICAN'S VIEW Of' AFRICA r By VARIOUS AUTHORS-PREPARED BY D. TAYLOR AFRICAN LIFE AND THOUGHT By DIEDRICH WESTERMANN GREAT HINDRANCES TO CHRISTIAN PROGRESS By C. S. JENKINS VICTORIES OF THE GOSPEL AMONG AFRICANS By THOMAS MOODY AND OTHERS AFRICAN VIEWS OF JESUS CHRIST By THE BISHOP OF UGANDA POLITICS AND MISSIONS IN AFRICA By CHARLES T. LORAM THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN AFRICA By KENNETH G. GRUBB THE CROSS AND THE CRESCENT IN AFRICA By J. J. COOKSEY = = = = = SEND YOUR ORDER NOW = = = = = 25 Cents a Copy $20.00 a hundred $2.50 a year Special Price in Quantities if ordered before September 10 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — November 1935

1935

Conquest By Healing in Ethiopia T. A. Lambie Christianity in the New India Richard Burges Crucial Issues in Latin America .

John A. Mackay .

The March of Events in·Mexico Kenneth G. Grubb The Harvest in Hyderabad, Deccan Charles W. Posnett German Neo-Pagan Faith Movement w. O. Lewis Can We Interest Men in Missions?

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November 3-9-Christian Home Week. C. T. Studd, Cricketer and Pioneer November 17-Men and Missions Sun- The epic story of C. T. Studd, the famous day. Topic: "Jesus Christ and the cricketer, will appeal to all lovers of missionary World Today." For source material biography. "C. T." was one of the best all-round write to the Laymen's Missionary players that the game ever produced, and re- Movement, 19 S. La Salle St., Chi- nounced wealth and position to answer the call cago. of God to foreign service. Courageously he faced a life of hardship and danger with remarkable December 7-,-Universal Bible Sunday. self-denial and endurance, first in China and then in the very heart of Africa, pioneering for God. December 30-31-Conference with Dr. :Kagawa on the Relation of the Illustrated, $1.25. Churches to the Cooperative Move- ment. Indianapolis, Ind. The Triwmph of~__. . . . . John and Betty December 28, 1935-January I, 1936- Stam Student Volunteer Convention. In- dianapolis, Ind.

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By Mrs. Howard Tavlor Personal Items You have read newspaper accounts of John _ _ MR1 and Betty Stam, who were martyred by Chinese nowARD TAYLOR communists last fall. Now read this permanent The Archbishop of York (Dr. Wil- record of consecrated lives. It is particularly liam Temple), known as a leader both recommended for young people. Cloth, 75 cents. in Christian thought and in Christian work, is to make his first visit to Storiesofthe GreatHymnsof the Church America in December. He will fill several engagements at, universities By Silas H. Paine and cathedrals and will be, one of the leading speakers at the Student Vol- A monumental work in ~—-_ _J hymnology. A beautiful gift unteer Convent.i..on …in ..I.ndianapolis.

Rev. A. M. Chirgwin, General Sec- book, de luxe edition", 'printed on Bible paper, full gold retary of the London Missionary So- edges, flexible red b,inding, with stamping in gold. 795 ciety, is paying a two months' visit to the United States, in connection with pages. $3.00.

the meeting of the International Mis- "Eye" to "Aye" sionary Council. He plans to visit Negro schools and colleges ,of the By Paul H. Graef "EYE" South. … … … ~ An unique presentment in pictorial fashion of God's great plan of salva- TO tion. 132 display pages, five in color. John L. Mott" son of John R. Mott; Two editions: Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. "AYE" I has been made director of Interna- ~l tional House, New York, to succeed . , ,..WUL 0lWl' Dr. Harry Edmunds. This center I T.. -……………. now serves students from 65 countries. ,"II _ _ …………..dyarrw- … … … .. _ … _ ………….a_ -'-"hItId.-..-.I …. ( ~~=I.. …….__ Christmas Card Box Assortments I Mrs. Adena Miller Rich has been No. 50. A popular priced assort- l!:==::::~~''}v appointed to succ,eed the world;'famous ment with 15 beautiful Scripture cards Jane Addams as head of Hull 'House, Chicago. She was associated with and folders, each with matching envelope. 50 cents per box. Miss Addams for twenty years. No. 100. Our de luxe selection of 21 beautiful Christ- mas deSigns with 8 distinctly Birth-of-Christ pictures. All designs are new, artistic and appropriate, and have short Scripture portions and suitable sentiments. Matching en- velopes. Retails at $1.00.

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Publication and Business Office– MISS MARY 1. SCOTT, Chairman, Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Bethesda School of Missions, 310 Tomlinson St., Editorial and Executive Office– Moundsville, W. Va. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-class matter at *** Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under "On our station in the bush we Act of March 3, 1879. greatly appreciate the monthly ap- pearance of THE REVIEW." 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a. year. FLORENCE N. GRIBBLE, M.D., Published monthly, except August. French Equatorial Africa. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. British agents – Marshall, Morga.n Obituary Notes and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, The Rev. Harvey S. Murdock, D.D., 10 shillings a year. head of the work among mountaineers at Buckhorn, Kentucky, died on Oc- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- tober 4th of heart disease at the age LISHING CO., INC. of 64. He went out thirty-three years ago as a representative of the Lafay- BOARD OF DIRECTORS ette Avenue Presbyterian Church, of ROBE'RT E. SPEER, President Brooklyn, to establish this Christian W'M. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President mission. He was very successful in WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer developing a community work includ- DELAVAN L,' PIERSON, Secretary ing schools, a church, hospital and general social program. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT *** MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD The Rev. W. Kendall Gale, mis- WM. B. LIPPHARD sionary of the London Missionary So- ciety at Andriamena, Madagascar, ERIC M. NORTH and one of the recent contributors to the REVIEW, died on June 7th follow- JESSE R. W'ILSPN ing an operation. He had labored most sacrificially and effectively for A. L. W ARNSHUIS the Malagasy. Mrs. Gale is returning SAMUEL M. ZWEMER to England. * * * Editorial Chat The Rev. Dr. Ivan S. Prokhanoff, founder and president of the All-Rus- Our October number on Latin sian Evangelical Christian Union, said SPEEDWAY TO ORIENT America has received very hearty to have several million followers in commendations and many single Russia, died in Berlin on October 6th. YOKOHAMA IN 10 DAYS . .. fastest, copies have been sold. Order your ex- He was sixty-six years old. shortest Pacific crossing … by the tra copies now before the supply is sister.ships Empress of Asia or exhausted. In the present issue we Dr. Prokhanoff was born in Russia, Empress of Russia. Or via Honopublish some additional articles on the and educated as an engineer. Thirty lulu in 3 days more on the Empress same subject and more will follow. years ago he organized the Evan- of Japan (largest liner on the Pa- This is "Latin America Year." gelical movement, with Lord Rad- cific) or the Empress of Canada. stock, of England, Colonel Pashoff * 1* * and Count Korff. In Russia he pub- INEXPENSIVE ROUND-TRIP FARES. lished "The Christian," a periodical, The past summer and autumn have and "The Morning Star," a weekly Go by distinguished First Class or been especially rich in interdenomina- newspaper. He wrote more than 1,000 comfortable Tourist Class. Still tional and international conferences hymns and translated many others, lower Summer round-trip fares to on Christian faith, life and work. and also religious books. the Orient. Low-cost Third Class.

Some of these are reported in this Since 1928, when he left Russia for FREQUENT SAILINGS … from Vanissue; another-the Student Volun- the last time, he has raised money for couver (trains to ship-side) and teer Convention-will be fully report- needy Christians in Russia. In 1927 Victoria. Orient fares include pased, and the leading addresses will be he started in New York "The Gospel sage to and from Seattle. California printed early next year. in Russia," and in 1931, "The Faith sailings connect with "Empresses" of the Gospel," both periodicals. His at Honolulu. Orient ports-of-call: *** autobiography, "In the Cauldron of Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shang- Russia," was published in 1933. hai, Hong Kong, Manila. One of the recent articles in THE REVIEW so impressed a missionary *** • Also •• • low-cost World Tours. bishop that he ordered copies printed and sent to every missionary of his The Rev. Frederic W. March, for BOOKLETS, information … from over fifty years an active missionary YOUR OWN AGENT, or any Canachurch. in Syria, under the Board of Foreign dian Pacific office: New York, Chi- Missions of the Presbyterian Church cago, San Francisco, and 34 other *** in the U. S. A., died on September 28 cities in the U. S. and Canada. at Suk-ul-Gharb, Syria. Mr. March A pastor in the home church offered was appointed to Syria in 1873 and to reprint another article at his own served actively until his honorable reexpense and have it sent to all the tirement with his wife in 1924. Withmissionaries of his denomination. He in his lifetime he touched the whole learned that THE REVIEW already goes span of mission activity in the Syria to all those missionaries. field which celebrated its 100th year more than a decade ago. During his *** long years of service he was engaged Here are recent comments from our (Concluded on Third Cover.) readers. Will you pass on the good [513 ] word? "Each month I attend the public library for the purpose of glancing through your magazine. I consider it the most interesting periodical of the many on the shelves of that institu- tion." CURTIS TAYLOR, Utica, N. Y.

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NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1935 Topics of the Times PREPARING FOR A WORLD CONFERENCE tries the younger churches are ready to under- The International Missionary Council (Septem- take more complete independence. A shifting of ber 27th to October 4th) brought together sev- emphasis of the missionary movement from Amerenty-five delegates, from twenty-five national ica and Europe to Asia and Africa is therefore missionary or Christian councils, who assembled welcomed in all quarters. For this reason it was at East Northfield, Massachusetts, to prepare for decided that the next conference should be in the next World Missionary Conference. The hills Asia. After careful deliberations in which parof the Connecticut Valley were glorying in the ticularly the Japanese and Chinese delegates took richness of their autumnal colors and remem- part, it was resolved with enthusiasm to select brances of the great evangelist, Dwight L. Moody, Kowloon, near Hongkong, and to make an atl:!-nd his work formed an inspiring background. tempt to secure double the number of Jerusalem The personnel included outstanding leaders of the delegates, about four. hundred of them, two-thirds Protestant missionary movement, half of them of whom should be representatives of the churches well-known representatives with a rich experi- in mission lands, particularly thos€ of Japan, ence, the other half representing a younger gen- China and India. eration of forthcoming leaders of the older and younger churches. The reports of the chairman, A second group of questions discussed related Dr. John R. Mott, and of the secretarial staff to subjects which demand a new and serious refrom London and New York proved the value of consideration, so imperative that a new world the world-wide service of the Council. It has be- missionary conference is imperative. Three groups of subjects seemed paramount.* come, or is becoming, a central consultation body 1. The missionary enterprise, like the world in which we of the Protestant world missionary movement. live, has definitely come to the dawn of a new age in which fresh forces are beginning to play a momentous part. The crucial question of this year's meeting was: Everywhere titanic forces challenge the very fundamentals where the next world missionary conferenc(=!, due of historic Christianity. On the frontiers of the Chris- about 1938, is to be held. The preceding world tian ~ovement men face the grim realities more closely conferences have been held in London, 1888; New t han In the West. e Communism, i mpe riali symo~nagn d nation al- York, 1900; Edinburgh, 1910; and Jerusalem, i sm are remorsel ssly closing in on the church in 1928. Many more Europeans and Americans would be able to take part if the next gathering China. Imperialism, commercialism, and industrialism are eating into the very fabric of African community life and destroying its immemorial spiritual and moral sanctions.

can be held in Europe or America and the inspira- From Mexico to Brazil, from the Philippines to the Congo, tional value for the sending churches would be enhanced. On the other hand the missionary from Germany to Japan the menace threatens younger force of the older churches has decreased, at least and the older churches alike. We must pool insight, knowl- edge, and resources and get a new sense and experience of world solidarity. .

for the time being. In almost all countries of old 2. A thorough study of evangelism on the mission field Christendom there are currents which slow down is to take a central place in the activity of the Internathe missionary enthusiasm so that in few coun- tional Missionary Council immediately and through the tries do we find the flaming missionary enthusiasm world conference with a view to vigorous, concerted agof a generation ago. At the same time the mis- gressive, continuous evangelism by the churches. This is done in response to calls from all over the world. The sionary movements in Asia and Africa are show- survey is to be centered in the church aiming at enlisting ing promising signs of spiritual strength and of voluntary lay and pastoral forces, with studies of the evangelistic power. In almost all Asiatic coun- • Quoting freely from Prof. Basil Mathews.

[ 515]

place of literature, the school, college, and hospital in the CHRISTIANS OF ALL LANDS UNITING work as well as the approach called for with relation to There are still many varieties of Christians. They are of divers races, nations, names habits the Jew, the Moslem, the Hindu, and others; as well as and opinions on various subjects, but they'are one in looking to Christ and His program for the soluof the methods used by communism, fascism, theosophy, tion of human problems. On creeds and church polity these Christians cannot unite but those of and other cults. The phenomena of mass movements com- many nations and denominations gladly unite to study common problems and to work together for pared with plucking individuals out of their own culture better understanding and a more perfect fulfil- ment of the Will of God. and its relation to political changes and economic status: Last summer four important international as well as an analysis of the eocfonthoemiCc,hrreislitgiaionufs~itohr. sociai Christian conferences were held in Europe. These motives leading to acceptance The took under consideration the promotion of Chris- tian unity, world peace and friendship, and pracpreparation, holding, and follow-up of the proposed 1938 tical cooperation in life and work.* meeting is to be utilized to promote fuller cooperation in The Committee of the World Conference on the world missionary enterprise. Faith and Order held its sessions at Hindsgaul, Denmark, and plans to hold its next meeting in 3. The fact that over thirty regional and national Chris- 1~37, in Edinburgh. The conference will begin wIth a statement of "The Church's Witness in the tian councils have been set up, the large measure of con- World Today," and will be closed with an "Af- firmation of Union in Allegiance to Our Lord." fidence won, and many pieces of cooperative work carried The Executive Committee of the Universal forward reveals the advance already made. Hitherto co- Christian Council also met last summer in Chamby, Switzerland. The Orthodox Archbishop operation has been confined mainly to institutions; it has Germanos, of Thyateira, President of the Coun- cil, sounded an appeal to the churches of the world not so often been extended to large evangelistic ventures. for effective cooperation against the attacks of secularism in all lands. A World Conference on It has also been mainly an activity of missionary societies Christian Life and Work is to be called to meet at Oxford University, England, July 13-25, 1937. rather than of indigenous churches. The Committee is The great concern of the Council for the setting afoot vigorous studies of all these processes and Church in Germany found expression in the reso- lution which recorded the determination to emof concrete projects of fresh practical cooperation. !)loy every possible Christian means of support- mg those who are threatened by the dominance Among the forces that demand world coopera- of an aggressive paganism. An appeal was retion of the Christian forces are: the ebb-tide of ceived from various bodies on behalf of the Chrisfaith all over the world, the necessity that Chris- tian refugees from Germany, who constitute some tianity should advance, the call to a unified Chris- twenty per cent of the total number of German tian outlook on the pagan masses, a new vision of refugees. the function of the great missionary institutions, the creation of a satisfactory new leadership, the The World Alliance for International Friendreplacing of "foreignism" and race antipathy by ship met at Chamby, with representatives from life in the universal Church, new economic and thirty countries. Lord Dickinson, of Paiswick, intellectual foundations of self-support, the de- who has been president for several years, was struction, on the one hand, of syncretism and on made honorary president; Bishop Ammundsen, the other of separatism which now divides the of Denmark, was chosen president, and Dr. Wil- Protestant churches in areas like South Africa. liam P. Merrill, pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church in New York, was elected vice-president. Other topics discussed at this meeting of the Re~. H. L. Henriod is the general secretary. Th!'l 1. M. C. included the crisis in German missions, AllIance recommended the creation of a permanent the need for Christian literature and suitable mo- Minorities Commission, under the League of Nation pictures for the Africans, the Christian re- tions and an appeal was made to the League for sponsibility for the Jew and "the tragic plight of more effective assistance to refugees from Ger- 2,000,000 Christians in Germany in whose veins there is some touch of Jewish blood." • The facts In regard to these conferences are taken from the report of Dr. Henry Smith Leiper. The upbuilding and maintenance of the younger churches as a part of the historic world-wide Christian community is to be the objective of the 1938 conference. This requires a fresh, convincing vision for this age of the verities of the faith by which the Christian lives; the witness by which the Church is to carry the faith to the world in face of potent hostile forces; the reenforcement, intellectual, moral, and spiritual, of the interior life of the Church, in grappling with problems that affect its very being; the relation of the life of the Church to the changing social and economic order-its total impact upon society; amnodvianlgargimerpalancdabmlyoretothwoarroduguhngiotiyngbceotwopeeernatitohn~ churches which, in this emerging crisis, is the very condition of victorious advance.

JULIUS RICHTER.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

many. In preparation for the world conference STUDENT VOLUNTEERS AFTER at Oxford in 1937, it was proposed that in all FIFTY YEARS countries where compulsory military service prevails the churches should request their respective The coming convention of the Student Volungovernments to permit civil service as an alterna- teer Movement, to be held in Indianapolis, Indiana tive in the case of those who cannot conscientiously (December 28 through January 1, 1936), marks serve in a military capacity. A carefully prepared the fiftieth anniversary of the Movement in Amermessage to the churches was issued, which in- ica and is the twelfth quadrennial convention. cluded an affirmation, as against the totalitarian The Movement was the outgrowth of the Student claims of the State, that "right is above the State, Foreign Missionary Society in Princeton College not the State above right." A sensation was and of the Student Conference held at Mount caused when it became known that one distin- Hermon, Massachusetts, in 1886.

guished Italian representative to the conference, The movement has had a remarkable history, Dr. Cesare Gay, had been summoned to Rome, having been founded by students as a result of along with other leaders of the Pro t est ant prayer and the conviction that the Great Commis- churches, by II Duce, who desired to know the sion of Christ to His Church was a command with reason for the refusal of the Protestant churches the promise of His presence in its fulfilment. The in Italy to pass resolutions endorsing his policies watchword' adopted was "The Evangelization of toward Ethiopia. the World in this Generation"-not adopted as a The Central Bureau for Inter-Church Aid called prophecy but as an objective. When the Movetogether representatives of the churches of many ment was formed there were few students volunlands to meet in Vienna August 31-September 3. teering for foreign service and the funds avail- Attention was directed to the current situation able were very inadequate even for the work among the churches in continental countries, par- undertaken. As a result of the student moveticularly those which are suffering from discrim- ment, and other influences at work under the ination, financial collapse or state opposition. The spirit of God, over twelve thousand volunteers disturbed conditions in Austria have created par- have gone to the foreign field in the past fifty ticular difficulty for the non-Roman churches, years and the incomes of the missionary societies which are in the minority, constituting about oIie- were quadrupled.

fifth of the population. Membership in these The past fifteen years have brought about many churches has greatly increased in recent years, to changes in the whole foreign mission enterprise. such an extent that the present staff and equip- The number of volunteers has fallen off, the sup- ment are inadequate. The Central Bureau sent a port of the work has decreased and the Movement deputation to call upon the heads of the Austrian itself has undergone considerable change. The State to acquaint them with the concern of the Student Council has taken control, with less direc- Protestant world over the disabilities of their tion from the "elder statesmen" of the missionary Austrian brethren. The Bureau also studied the enterprise.

status of the churches in Roumania, Poland, Today a crisis is felt in the foreign fields, in the Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, Greece, Spain, and churches and mission boards at home, and in the Russia. student world. Thinking Christians, familiar Since Christians in Russia continue to suffer with the present situation, realize that the need martyrdom, the possibility of sending a deputa- for Christ and His power was never greater than tion to Moscow to intercede for them was dis- at present, and the world is more than ever concussed and final decision was left with the execu- scious of the need for some superhuman power tives. Dr. Alfred Jorgenson, of Copenhagen, Den- to lead them out of the present social and spiritual mark, was reelected chairman of the Bureau and morass. Men are tempted to discouragement and Dr. Adolf Keller was unanimously reelected di- to abandon Christian idealism, seeking in its stead rector. the material things that this world offers. The less interest there is today in foreign missions Organic union is not necessary and may be un- the greater is the need for a spirit-filled Student wise but there is hope that some day Christians Volunteer Movement.

will still more generally unite on the beliefs and The coming convention may well have as obobjectives they have in common so that they may jectives: (1) To interest students more propresent a united front against all evil and may foundly in Christian life and in sacrificial service make their protests effective. Six hundred mil- where Christ is not known; (2) to express the lion professed followers of Christ should be able ideals and motives to which students will respond to do more for moral, social, economic and political when the claims of Christ on their lives are pre- reforms than they are doing today. sented; (3) to inspire Christians at home to sup-

port Evangelical work abroad more adequately; MISSIONARY EXHIBIT "A"

(4) to emphasize the spiritually dynamic forces At a recent meeting in Newark, New Jersey, a in missionary activity-in matters of guidance, of remarkable group of National leaders from many fruitfulness and growth; (5) to show the ability lands presented aspects of the present world sitand readiness of the coming generation to take uation from a Christian point of view. They were the leadership in the work of Christ with courage in themselves a remarkable exhibit and a convincand in His Name and Power. ing proof of the power of Christ and the world- wide influence of His Gospel to win the most out- The clear call today is for missionaries who are standing men and women of all races and nations true evangelists first of all-whatever other quali- to His standard. Dr. John R. Mott presided, himfications they may have. Christians at home who self a remarkable evidence of what Christ can do know Christ as Saviour and Lord will respond to in enlisting all a man's powers in the promotion the call to support qualified missionaries who go of the Kingdom of God throughout the world. out primarily to preach and to live Christ and to Among the Christian leaders from other lands train others for His service.

The Indianapolis Convention is calling together were Dr. S. K. Datta, a dark complexioned Indian over two thousand student delegates from the with a brilliant mind, the president of Forman United States and Canada-a much smaller num- Christian Coll~e, Lahore, and a leader in na- ber than have attended other conventions. A tional and church life in India; Dr. Cheng strong and comprehensive program has been Ching-yi, the General Secretary of the Church of planned with speakers of international reputation. Christ in China, former moderator of that church, These include national Christian leaders who are the vice-chairman of the International Mission- the fruits of mission work-Dr. Toyohiko Kag- ary Council, and a great force for cooperation awa, of Japan; Prof. Gonsalo Baez Camargo, of among all followers· of Christ throughout the Mexico; Dr. T. Z. Koo, of China; Mrs. Induk world; Professor Gonsalo Baez Camargo, Secre- Pak, of Korea, and President S. K. Datta, of tary of the National Council of the Evangelical India. The British and American leaders may be Churches of Mexico, a strong character and a bril- counted on for inspiring messages-Dr. Richard liant speaker; Mr. Etsuzo V. Yoshida, Treasurer Roberts, Moderator of the United Church of Can- of the National Christian Council of Japan and ada, and author of "That Strange Man Upon the one of the founders of the Omi Brotherhood in Cross," is a leading speaker; The Archbishop of Japan. Similar "exhibits" might have been pro- York (Dr. William Temple) will give a series of duced from South America, many parts of Africa, spiritual addresses; early American leaders of from Persia, Turkey, Syria, Burma, Malaya, the Movement-Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. Robert E. Korea and the Islands of the Pacific. The repre- Speer, Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, and possibly Dr. sentation was enlarged by the testimonies of Pro- Robert P. Wilder, one of the founders and former fessor Julius Richter, of Germany; Baroness van general secretary-are to be present and may be Boetzelaer van Dubbledam, of Holland; and counted on to speak with their usual force and Prebendary W. Wilson Cash, Secretary of the fire. Others of more recent fame will lead Church Missionary Society, who called himself a conferences-Dr. John A. Mackay, Prof. Basil "native Christian of the British Isles."

Mathews, Prof. K. S. Latourette, Prof. Henry P. The tenor of the testimonies of these Christian Van Dusen, and Dr. Daniel J. Fleming. witnesses included (1) the great need of their fel- Christians interested in world evangelism and low countrymen for Christ and all that He offers; the progress of the rule of Christ on earth are (2) the evidence of Christ's power in their own earnestly requested to unite in daily prayer for lives and in the lands from which they come; (3) this convention-its leaders, speakers and dele- the need for greater unity and closer cooperation gates-that Christ may be uplifted; that the real among all Christians; (4) the need for clearer conditions of the world and the needs of men may manifestation of the power and spirit of Christ in be vividly presented; that the responsibility of all who bear His name.

the Church and of each Christian may be brought If every church could hear such testimonies, home to all, that church members may realize the and see such convincing exhibits there would be claim of Christ on them and all that they have; no doubt as to the worth-whileness and future of that the power and program of God for the salva- Christian missions. If the program advocated by tion of mankind may be clearly presented so as to these men were truly carried out in all individual stir to adequate unity; that Christ's forces of missionaries and in Christians in the churches in every race, nation and name may fully cooperate all lands, there would dawn a new era of life and in the great work before us, and that the future we believe that a new advance of Christianity of the Student Volunteer Movement may be made would take place that would sweep all before it in clear as it is in the Will of God. the conquest of the world for Christ.

by Healing in

By T. A. LAMBIE, M.D., F.R.G.S.

-&f/, Field Director, Sudan Interior Mission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia T HERE is perhaps no country where a med- He believed them and wrote a letter to the Regent, ical diploma acts more efficiently as a pass- His Majesty Ras Tafari, which preceded us and port than in Ethiopia. It is little wonder helped us to get to the ear of Royalty! His Maj- that foreigners are suspected in that ancient land, esty begged us to build a hospital in Addis Ababa, for many who have come to her from the outside and in answer to much earnest prayer alone, for world with fair promises have remained to cheat no one was asked for a penny, one man gave and plunder. Somehow the Ethiopians classify $70,000 and others gave nearly as much more, missionary doctors differently. and the hospital was built to the glory of God. Thousands have been treated and cured. Thou- The eyes of the world are focussed upon sands have had the Gospel preached to them. The Ethiopia, not knowing what awaits her. Twenty- hospital is modern in every respect. two years ago it would have been considered pre- posterous to imagine that a Serajevo incident Mrs. Lambie and I were asked to go out and could plunge the civilized world into war, but establish work in Ethiopia under the Sudan In- it is a historical fact that the former incident took terior Mission in 1927. Although severing of old place and we know with what results; twenty ties, particularly with this hospital, was not easy, years afterward a comparatively minor incident yet God has wonderfully prospered thisinterna- in an almost unknown land carries a threat of a tional, interdenominational mission. Station after similar major catastrophe. The world is very sick station has been opened in these few years. A and needs a physician. large Leprosarium, under Dr. E. Ralph Hooper, Over sixteen years ago, after having spent of Toronto, has recently been built and is running twelve years in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan at at full capacity. A splendid medical work has Khartoum and at a remote and needy place on also been going on at Soddu, Wollamo, one of the the Sobat River, treating annually tens of thou- populous southern capitals, and Dr. Percy Rob- sands of cases, Mrs. Lambie and I received an erts, of Montreal, is building a hospital there. In invitation to Ethiopia to help in the "flu" epi- the north at Lalibella, the famous place scarcely demic. Ethiopia was then almost closed to mis- seen by a white man, where there are eleven sionary enterprise; in all the land there was only monolithic churches, centuries old and one of the one Protestant worker. Thus, medicine was once marvels of the world, here Dr. Harriet Skemp and again the spear point, or the camel's nose, or Miss L. Blair, R.N., have been developing work whatever you choose to call it. Thousands of and a hospital is being built.

Gallas and Amharas were treated in Western Were there enough doctors Ethiopia might be Ethiopia and had the Gospel preached to them. opened to the Gospel from end to end, for where Most of the population seemed to need syphilitic a doctor goes several other missionaries can go. injections. Pneumonia and typhus were rampant There is a tremendous disparity between the but the "flu" epidemic had passed off before we numbers of young medical students who volunteer arrived. for the mission field and those who actually get A small hospital was opened and a mission sta- there. There is a wastage of medical volunteers tion established. We found that the tree wor- in the lecture rooms and hospitals. Often it is shipping Gallas seemed to have a real hunger for materialism that gets the young medico, often it the Word of God and we decided to take the long is a young lady who doesn't want to go, often it's overland trip to Addis Ababa, the capital. En a spiritual breakdown from too much study and route we stopped at Gore and treated Ras Nado, too little prayer. If something could only be done who came in the middle of the night with an ex- to stop this wastage and to inspire our fellow cruciating earache. From this ear I extracted a doctors toself-sacrificingly give themselves for tiny, black wood-boring beetle, which his soldiers work on the foreign field, how wonderful it would solemnly assured him would, if not removed, have be. Missionaries and home workers need to be bored its way through his head and caused death! tremendously more in earnest than ever before.

[ 519 ]

If the number of Christian doctors on the foreign age really started. Many a one whom God wants field could be trebled, and their spirituality was to go to Canaan, or to Africa, on a pilgrimage for in proportion, something tremendous would result. Him, does not get beyond Haran because of some I have acquired Ethiopian nationality in order old Father "Wait:-a-bit," or some Mother "I-need- to further the spread of the Gospel, and my sym- you-at-home." Sodom proved too much of a temp- pathies are with His Majesty Haile Selassie and tation for Lot and he went to the plain. Abraham Ethiopia. There are some wrongs in Ethiopia, as went to the mountain-to Hebron. Oh the heart- there are in every land, but His Majesty, who I ache Lot caused even before he made his selfish feel is a real Christian, is seeking to right them, choice. Be careful pilgrim, of the ones you take and in the four years since his coronation has with you. Watch the separated life. Avoid the done wonders. worldly companions. They make poor travel part- ners; they are not real tent dwellers. They want Lessons from Tent Life in Ethiopia their Sodoms and their Gomorahs, their Zoars My wife and I have a great feeling of kinship and their beastly caves. They y:earn for the with Abraham. We cannot compare with him in world. They mind earthly things. The truly sepactual time spent in tents, but in distances trav- arated Abraham does not yearn for the plain, but eled we probably surpass even Abraham. Many for the Hebron mountaintop, for Hebron means, months and years have we spent living in tentsperhaps more than any other missionaries of mod- will "Communion with God." He found in Mamre a ern times and so we feel qualified to speak something of the lessons learned from tent life and "place of richness." The heavenly pilgrim can speak with some authority of the spiritual ever find it so. Lot's leftover became Hebron; implications of a pilgrim life in tents. richness in communion with God is the place to pitch your tent. 1. One of the chief lessons of the pilgrim life is that the pilgrim must be unencumbered. "Lay- 5. What is indispensable on this our pilgrim ing aside every weight and the sin which doth so way is to have an infallible Guide. The children easily beset us" (Heb. 12: 1). Extra weight keeps of Israel had no need of the eyes of a Hobab or the pilgrim back. Too many needless things are Raguel when they had the fiery pillar to lead them surely a trouble and a care and slow him up. "No on. How often on caravan have we lost our way, soldier encumbereth himself with the affairs of taken the wrong turning and had to retrace weary this life." Pilgrim, beware of encumbrances that steps. We become separated from our guide. slow you up. We thought we knew the way only to find our- 2. Hold your possessions lightly. There are a selves in "bye-path meadow" from which it is hundred travel accidents that may happen to spoil only a short distance to "Doubting Castle." We your belongings or cause the loss of them. No need to stick close to our Guide who has promised travel insurance policy can be written to insure to direct us. against white ants, mildew, and the many other hazards of tent life. One must learn to hold one's 6. Care of the tent. The tent is the pilgrim's possessions lightly, and even "take joyfully the home. It is a poor thing, perhaps; not like a spoiling of one's possessions." Don't grieve over castle, or even as good as a poorhouse, but still it them-your heavenly treasure is infinitely more is all he has to live in and it is much better than desirable. nothing. One must take care of it or it will rap- idly deteriorate and no longer keep out the sun 3. The importance of water. One learns never and the rain, the wind and the dust and when it to get far from water. Water is the life of the caravan, for even the desert camel cannot go very is gone it cannot be restored. So with these far from water. Water means life, not only for man, but also for beast, pasture as well as drink. bodies of ours-we must not neglect them. We "Wherever the river cometh there shall be life may be called to burn out for God in a quick and fierce flame like saintly Henry Martyn, but ordi- narily God wants us to live a long and useful life for Him. We should not wilfully neglect our bodies. .

. . ." (Ezk. 47: 9). In this pilgrim walk stay 7. My wife has suggested – food, and I reply close to the River of Living Water, to the water with a hearty "Yes." The life is hard. It does that Christ alone can give. take strength out of one. Almost frozen at night.

4. Companions. One of the most important in some lofty mountain pass or scorched at noon things is to decide whom to take with you. Abram in some fiery desert, when the very air seems to started out with two weak companions as a handi- reel-aching muscles from descending some mile cap-Terah and Lot. He could get Father Terah high canyon, that would almost puzzle a wild goat, ("wait-a-bit") to Haran, but not beyond. Old one does need good food to keep up, month after Father "Wait-a-bit" had to die before the pilgrim- month, year after year. Pilgrim, be careful of

CONQUEST BY HEALING IN ETHIOPIA

your food. If your only food is the Home Journal ETHIOPIA, THE LAND AND PEOPLE and things of that kind, you will never get very In "The Chronicles of Ethiopia," the descent of far. If you never read a sermon, or the biography the original inhabitants is traced from Noah of some Brainerd, or Carey or Livingstone, or the through Cush, the son of Ham. "Aithiops (son letters of a MacCheyne, or a Rutherford, how can of Cush) begat Aksumawi," who is reputed to you have an appetite for heavenly food. If your have founded the Holy City of Aksum, the former Bible reading is neglected, so that you read the capital which the Italian army has recently capdaily newspaper far more than God's Holy Word, tured. how can you be strengthened in your pilgrim life Modern Ethiopia (formerly known as Abysfor Him. We need to be fed with food "conven- sinia) is called "the Hermit Empire," or the ient for us." Once when we were traveling on a "Switzerland of Africa." It is the last independlong journey in Africa, we got tired of our dry ent empire in the Dark Continent and is mostly a food and when we saw some men carrying beau- high plateau from which rise many mountains. tiful fresh fish, we shouted for joy. We bought Its area is about 350,000 square miles and its popand ate them, to find out later to our sorrow that ulation is estimated at between 10 and 12 million they made us very ill and until we recovered we people–for the most part very primitive. Politwere not able to travel. Much of what we read ically the country is divided into four great provtoday is like poisoned fish; we eat it and our inces-Shoa, Tigre, Amhara and Gojam-with jo.urney is halted, sometimes ended. .other lesser provinces under various chiefs. Heile 8. Endurance. Patient in well-doing. When Selassie (Ras Tafari Makonnen) proclaimed him- we rush about on aeroplanes and racing cars, self Emperor (King of Kings of Ethiopia) on the streamlined trains and ocean greyhounds, there death of Empress Zanditu (Judith) in 1930. He is not so much need of a patient endurance. It is is reported to be an enlightened Christian em- different on a mule or a camel, or on foot. The peror seeking the good of his people.

miles stretch out endlessly and a journey of a few The inhabitants are divided into numerous hundred miles seems endless. In five minutes in tribes, speaking some seventy languages and dia- an aeroplane I traveled recently in Africa as much lects. The state Ethiopian Church is similar to as in one day by muleback. The way seems long the Coptic Church of Egypt. The prevailing but it will not be so in retrospect. Only one life, speech is Amharic, with 251 characters. Their "'twill soon be past, only what's done for God will sacred scriptures are written in Ethiopic or Geez, last." "Be thou faithful unto death and I will a dead language, pronounced by priests but not give thee a crown of Life." understood. Many of the people of Ethiopia are 9. Early rising. Get up and meet with your Moslems and multitudes are pagans-ignorant Lord and then you will have strength to do the and superstitious. day's work, to reach the camping place, to the journey~s end, to the desired haven. Don't put it Among the Evangelical missions in Ethiopia off. Don't be a sluggard and lie abed. are the United Presbyterians who have twenty- three missionaries, located in three stations; 10. Many other lessons have been taught us but the Sudan Interior Mission with twelve stations, and about 75 missionaries; the Seventh Day Ad- I mention one more: to have an objective is the ventists who occupy three stations, the Swedish most important of all lessons. To be going some- Evangelical Mission with 18 missionaries, and where. Our lives are planned, but the sad thing the British and Foreign Bible Society. A Danish is that so many Christians never get into the Di- Mission is ready to send three workers as soon as vine plan. Many never get on the pilgrim way conditions permit. Most of the missionaries have designed for them, that will lead them to the goal elected to remain in Ethiopia to help the people he had designed, on the path that His feet have in this time of trouble. From an Evangelical trodden. Let us remember Him, who in the days Christian standpoint missionary work has touched of His flesh was a pilgrim, who had neither nest, only a small number of the people. The oppornor foxes' hole, nor even a tent, and who occupied tunity is great for the Emperor has given the a borrowed grave in His death. missionaries a hearty welcome and the people are Follow this Guide, this Pilgrim, this Wayfaring ready to listen.

Man, this Saviour. He will lead us on a road un- The Italian subjection of Ethiopia would mean like any other, and one that will be different from that the last independent African State will never that trod by any other pilgrim in its details, but have the opportunity to develop along African one which His feet trod before. Follow even lines. The winning of Ethiopia to Christ, and the though it lead to some dark Gethsemane, without development of the people on enlightened Chris- the gate to some Africa or China, or to some Cal- tian lines, will mean national progress of the best vary Hill. "Follow thou Me," said our Saviour type and will promote peace and goodwill in and Lord. Africa and in the world.

in the New India*

By the REV. RICHARD BURGES, England General Secretary, India Sunday School Union, 1896·1921 "THE most amazing characteristic of man- cent years turmoil and agitation have swept over kind remains today what it always was; the 350 millions of India's people. Has the man's inability to recognize the expected." chariot of God stood still in these years of unrest?

India supplies an illustration of this truth spoken Far from it! The government census for the by Lord Eustace P'ercy. For generations the decade ending 1931 shows that every day, during British encouraged the use of the English lan- those ten years, four hundred were added to the guage, lauded the free institutions of the West, Christian community, even though missionary fostered the growth of democracy and adminis- ranks were sadly depleted. Statistics do not mean tered regular doses of John Stuart Mill. In the everything but they show that the Kingdom of fly-leaf of "Liberty" by Mill the following quota- God is firmly established in India and they indi- tion was printed: "The grand leading principle, cate great possibilities for the future. The spir- towards which every argument unfolded in these itual power of the Christian Church, in the fu- pages directly converges, is the absolute and es- ture, as in the past, lies in the willingness of the sential importance of human development in its Church to cooperate with her Lord in the redemp- richest diversity." Wonder of wonders; the tion of the world and thus establish the lordship Mother of Parliaments suddenly woke up to the of Jesus Christ over every department of human fact that India was adolescent, and desired at life. Mathematics cannot supply a yardstick with least a prospect of wholesome independence. which to measure spiritual influences.

Each milestone on the high road of British In- Many facts could be rehearsed. Let one only dian history tells of advance towards responsible suffice. Away on the northeastern mountains of self-government. Progress has been slow but India are the North Lushai Hills, once inhabited sure. The Simon Commission, the Round Table by head-hunting aboriginals. In the year 1897 Conferences, the cooperation of the Indian the first missionary arrived. The seed grew Princes, and the desire of the British public for a slowly and secretly and at the end of a decade, "fair deal," all reach a climax in the new Govern- there was one church with 32 members. The ment of India Bill. While not underestimating Christian community now embraces nearly 61,000 the importance of other aspects, we will consider members or about two-thirds of the whole pop- the distinctly Christian point of view. Will this, ulation. The Presbyterian Church of Wales, re- the most momentous venture of Parliament, in sponsible for this great work, can verify these our day, help or hinder Christian progress? statements. Incredible, romantic; but true!

The Romans were good colonizers, built roads There is a saying among the Chinese that and endeavored to be tolerant. They tried to though no one knows how the mustard seed was balance the scales of justice, but the Jews never brought to China, yet today the mustard trees had a good word for them. They wailed and wept could not be rooted out of the land. The Seed of for freedom. Britain has given India roads, law the Kingdom of God was carried to India in ob- courts, colleges, schools, hospitals, irrigation proj- scure ways but the tree that has grown therefrom ects, etc., but India wants to be free. The British can never be rooted out. Principalities and pow- have sown the seeds of freedom. What is more ers will never, never be able to prevail against it.

reasonable than that India should desire to man- All that the churches have done through their age her own home? missionaries is but preliminary. Indian Chris- The living seed of the Gospel, planted by Chris- tians cling to them as their best friends, and they.

tian missionaries, has produced a great tree. are trusted by every thoughtful section of society.

About two per cent of the Indian population are One effect of Christianity is to enrich and de- now connected with the Christian Church. In re- velop personality and this new life has made • The writer was present in the House of Commons on July 30th sInenddiat hree·sltrlemsso.st Tcohme pcehtuerncthmesenofanthdewWomesetn must during the last debate on this "Government of India 1935" bill. mistReonyslavl eapssreenptarbatriionngsfotor aanneewffeccotinvsetitcultoisoen nfoear rlIyndeiaig. ht years of in- sl·onaries to the East. The BI·shop of Manchester, [522 ] at the International Missionary Council at J eru- instrument which will, in due time, secure their salem, said: "We do not go to non-Christian na- emancipation. Child marriage, infant and ma- tions because they are the worst or alone in need, ternal mortality, education of girls and respect but because they are part of the world and share for woman's dignity and personality, and kindred with us the same human need." The Indian subjects, will be sure to receive effective attention.

Church needs and desires assistance in producing Christians will continue to lead the van in these Christ-like citizens. This is the hour for con- matters.

solidating our position and for advance, not re- In the years ahead, the centre of Christian work treat. in India will be the indigenous Church and I be- Many Indians, non-Christians as well as Chris- lieve that at no distant date money disbursed by tians, seeking suitable education for sons and missionary societies outside India will be used to daughters, instinctively favor the Christian insti- build up the Indian Church, under Indian admin- tutions because of their high character and help- istration.

ful atmosphere. Whatever changes the Reforms The Rev. J. I. Hasler, B.A., many years in the may impose on education in India I believe that service of the Baptist Missionary Society, says: this disposition will remain. The Christian col- "During recent years the policy of foreign mis- leges, hospitals, schools, farms, workshops, wel- sions has become what is known as 'Church-Cen- fare centres and orphanages, seek to win people tric' and that devolution of responsibility, power to Christ but do not wish to secure converts by and work to the Indian Church, is encouraged."

unfair or "camouflaged" methods. The doctor, Signs are not wanting that a united Church in the nurse, the teacher, all seek to express their India is developing. Christianity need no longer love to their Lord, by using their professional be under suspicion that it is the religion of the services and personal influence to help their fel- "White Man," the "Foreigner," the "Sahib" or low men. Conversion by coercion, from one faith the "Government." No more need the Indian to another, is condemned by Christians and non- Church be confused with the traditions of the Christians alike. Church in the West. She will be the Church of The Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of Calcutta, Met- Christ in India. She will be free to adopt Indian ropolitan Bishop of India, writing me as recently architecture, music, ritual. She will be free to as July 23, 1935, said: face and reform her world under the guidance When there was a peace conference in Dehli in 1923 and power of the Holy Spirit. She will be free when the Hindu and Muhammadan conflict was severe, I to make her own spiritual contribution to the was asked to take part in it and was the only Christian Church universal. "The Church," says Henry with some twelve Hindus and Muhammadans in the com- Barclay Swete, D.D., "alone among human somittee of that conference which framed resolutions. One cieties, has a Head in heaveri, and this is linked of those was to the effect that people were at liberty to to the eternal and infinite." By faith we can hear seek by fair persuasion to change the faith of others but not by material inducements. That expresses the general the march of the on-coming millions! feeling among educated people. Gandhi, I believe, has It is hardly possible to exaggerate the imporobjeeted to proselytism but I think that it is the proselytism by material inducements to which he objects. I am sure tance of the village in Indian life. The policeman that he would admit that everyone has the right to his can stop and direct vehicles, but he cannot stop beliefs and to change his mind. and direct ideas. Men and children, in increasing The Release of Power numbers, will see the pictures and hear the wire- less talks after their toil in the fields; women Under the Reforms there will be the release of from secluded places will also hear and see.

an Everest and a Niagara of personality. Slowly Motor transport is linking these villages. The the value of the electoral vote will be understood. cumulative effect on the peasant folk is enormous.

Then the power will be felt of 35 million persons Eighty-nine per cent of India's 350 million peo- at the polls. Fourteen per cent of the British ple live in villages, and four out of every five of Indian population will have the legal right to vote the Indian Christians live in villages. Beyond for their own representatives on the governing question the future of India will largely depend bodies. As a general rule the qualification for on village uplift.

the franchise will be payment of local taxes or Educationally the position of Christians is con- land revenue. The proportion of women to men spicuously high. The Christian community re- voters is 1 to 5. Six seats will be reserved for cently claimed 1570 of the total number of col- women in the Upper Federal Chamber. "A per- lege graduates, while the same community only son shall not be disqualified by sex from being ap- embraced 2% of the population. Numerically pointed to any civil post in India, other than such Christians are included among the so-called mi- posts as may be specified by general or special norities. If the seats for Indian Christians in the order." This puts into the hands of women an Legislatures are not in proportion to their num-

bers, trouble may be expected. The complaint is surprised if in this vital realm there is a tightening of also made that the fundamental rights of citizens official control. Christian institutions that depend in any in the free and full exercise of their religious be- measure on Government grants will doubtless be called liefs, and that the fundamental rights of minori- upon to accept conditions hard to be borne; a reduction ties, have not been defined in the new constitution. in grants is likely and an extended application of the It is alleged that some Indians mean to work the Conscience Clause inevitable. To maintain their freedom constitution, and then use their powers to turn and impart the education they regard as essential, it may the foreigners out, to stop grants to Christian be necessary for Christian institutions to forego Governinstitutions, and to try to smash the new con- ment grants, and even establish their own university. stitution. . . . But even here there is ground for confidence. Un- less we are greatly mistaken, the conv~ctiim is deep rooted The allocation of special seats for Christians in in the Indian mind that Christian colleges and schools the Legislatures may tend to create a new caste. have brought something of incalculable value to the cause Unimpeachable integrity is ft sounder qualifica- of education, and we believe that all who seek the highest tion in a candidate than mere nominal connection good of the nation will not readily let that influence with the Christian community. An experienced weaken. Baptist Missionary, the Rev. F. W. Jarry, M.A., says: Federated India, when it becomes a reality, will consist of H. M. The King, represented by the Some of the leaders of the Christian community have Governor General, and two Chambers styled the intimated that it is not their wish to take advantage of Council of State and the House of Assembly. In the Communal representation offered on the Councils; but the former there will be· about 150 members, have expressed their readiness to stand for election as elected by their constituencies, plus about 100 apcitizens of India, and not as representing the Christian pointed by the Rulers of States; in the House of community; and their statement made quite an impres- Assembly there will be about 250 elected and sion on some of the leading Hindus. about 125 appointed members. In debates and voting the truth will soon emerge that members The Joint Committee Report on Fundamental will not have reached their seats by the same Rights* shows the grave danger of trying to de- routes. Each elected member would have to think fine a thing which almost defies definition. It was of his constituency, while each appointed member found impracticable to draft a statement. The would have to think of his Ruling Chief. Rev. W. Paton, M.A., Secretary of the International Missionary Council, who has given the sub- Visualize the scene! With all the goodwill in ject close study, says: the world, the situation cannot fail to be delicate. What result may be expected? Democracy will The indisposition of Government to make statutory pro- grow like a palm tree. The great Rajahs will lead vision for the rights (}f minorities is simply due to the the way in the establishment of Limited Mondifficulty of putting anything into the form of a statute archies and Parliamentary Institutions. Then which is sufficiently explicit to be useful, and not danger- existing treaties will be absorbed, by agreement, ously static and formal. The Instrument of Instructions in a higher synthesis. All this may materialize given by the Secretary of State to each Viceroy and each sooner than now seems possible. Governor will lay upon them in the most explicit possible way the care of minorities, and personally I am convinced Dr. S. K. Datta, in the Legislature Assembly, that this is adequate. "held up the Indian Christian Church and its in- ternal self-government as the most real piece of I would as soon trust an able and just Governor as I democracy in India." In this spiritual sense the would a High Court interpreting a fixed Statute, or a Christian Church points to the key of progress, special Minorities Committee. and the Church can supply the amalgam with which to fuse the whole of India into a united Will there by any disposition, under the Re- Empire. forms, to take all educational work out of the hands of Christian missionaries, and to remove After many years as a missionary in India, I the subject of religion from the syllabus of all watched the sun setting as I leaned over the bulcolleges and schools? warks of my ship as I took my last look at my beloved India. Mingled memories and hopes held The Rev. J. Z. Hodge, who has recent informa- me captive. In the distance I saw a great cross tion and wide knowledge, says in his article in the on a Church silhouetted against the sky. I was National Christian Council Review (June, 1934, satisfied. The Cross is "lifted up." That is suffipage 281) : cient! I have no fear about the future of India!

That some inhibition on the free play of Christian ac- Grant, 0 Lord, that we who live in such glorious times tivity will be imposed is, we think, certain. Education, may be saved from pettiness and self-seeking, may be for instance . . . is something that bears directly on the filled with a gallant and undaunted spirit, and may be growth and well-being of the State and we need not be diffusers of light, invigorating all we meet, through Jesus Christ Our Lord. Amen. • Paragraph 366, page 215

Harvest in Hyderabad, Deccan*

By the REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT, Medak Missionary of the Methodist Church of England GOD has been wonderfully answering our Christ as Master, whatever befalls. So we put prayers in Hyderabad, When I first ar- these people off for six months. rived there forty years ago the ground When they returned home, they had to go seemed hard as iron. For several years we visited through the furnace. Their land was stolen; their the village markets, treating the sick and preach- water supply cut off; they were dragged to the ing the Gospel. Then, one day, an old man called courts on false charges. There was one continued, me to his house, and said, "Padre Sahib, we in ceaseless effort to make them recant and cry out this house want to worship your God. Yours is for peace at any cost. The devil seemed to have the only religion that cares for the untouchables. entered into the hearts of their enemies, who were When your lady doctor was trying to save my determined to stop the rising tide. Yet it was of dying boy, the people looked on and said, 'She no avail.

must be a scavenger in her own country.' She North of the Godavery River, when I first vis- was the first who ever cared for us untouchables, ited these people they boycotted us i~ every vil- and so we want to learn about your J esu Swami." lage. We could see no one, speak to no one, and From that home, the Gospel spread to a thou- we could not even buy food. Wherever we went, sand other homes, and today, in that area alone, the villagers fled, as if we carried the plague. The tens of thousands of untouchables, have been bap- great landowning chief of the district had ordered tized after they have been thoroughly taught to this boycott, for he feared that if Christianity know Christ and His way of life. entered his villages the day of forced labor, by An old missionary of another church said to me, which he had grown rich, would pass away. Yet, "If we had gone on your plan and done the job as within two years, that very man sent runners a thoroughly we too should have a great harvest hundred and fifty miles, begging me to come to him. He had been ill, and when he had been given today." up as dead by the native doctors our young travel- For years we have rejoiced over this harvest. ing doctor had come and saved his life. When I Now, must we weep over it because of lack of reached the great Godavery River, he was waiting workers and support? in the midst of all his people; and there, on the river banks, we knelt in prayer. The boycott was For twenty-five years this harvest was entirely over, and today we have in that area thousands of amongst untouchables; but gradually the young strong Christians of all castes-and, best of all, people who have been through Christian schools the Bible is beginning to be read in the homes of have gone back to their villages, by their lives and our people. character have compelled the respect of those caste people who had always trodden them under- The Rev. E. L. Ananto Rao, a splendid Indian foot as slaves. minister (who came to England as representative for the Methodist Union meeting), is the moving One day a deputation of caste people came to spirit amidst this wonderful harvest. Each week me to ask for a young teacher. They said, "We his letters tell of more villages asking for the know he is an untouchable, but he is pure as gold, light. Are we to close the Bible to them? What and he has become our friend; we want him to answer will we give? come to teach us." Last December I attended his harvest thanks- This was only the beginning. That year, six giving when about two thousand people from all hundred caste Hindus from all over the country over the countryside came, bringing their offercame to Medak, and for three days they listened ings. All along the country roads there were and asked questions. Before they left they asked groups of people, the children and old women in for baptism, but our watchword in Hyderabad has bullock carts, and the village drummers going on always been "Thorough." We will baptize no one before. The young men had gone ahead to prepare unless we are sure he is prepared to stick to • From The Methodist Reco,'der, England, for the night meeting. They had put up a thou- [525 ]

sand lights, made of little burning cotton wicks, is not a penny for new evangelists, and that even lying in earthen saucers full of oil. These were those we have, living on one pound a month, must stuck on sticks, with a lump of clay, and they lit lose nearly two months salary in the year. up the whole place. As it grew dark the villages Is it possible that this great day of opport~nity for miles around could see the great Christian for which we have prayed so long, over which we "jatra." All night people were marching in with have rejoiced so much together, must now be al- their drums and their thank-offerings. The col- lowed to pass away, and that the golden harvest lection lasted about eight hours, for every man must be left to rot upon the ground?

and woman wanted to be prayed for and blessed.

Ananta Rao had told me that there was to be a great Communion service in the early morning; he wanted both caste and outcaste to come togeth- er to the Lord's Table. They have no church, and I feared they might be very tired, dirty and dis- orderly, for most of them had been up almost all night after a long tramp in the dust. Imagine my surprise when I arrived, to find two hundred and fifty men and women, mostly young people, evidently having risen before dawn to bathe and put on the clean clothing which they had brought all the way from their homes. The caste and out- caste were all mixed together, sitting on the ground, in quiet and perfect order. I think it was the most wonderful and inspiring Communion servic~ that I have ever seen.

To crown all, a whole family of high-caste Hin- dus came up for baptism, led by the eldest son, a village chief. Nine years ago he had come to say that he had been reading the Bible with one of our untouchable Christian boys, and he had heard the Master calling him. Even as this boy spoke to me, a great crowd of his relatives came to take him back home by force. For two days they stayed, trying in every way to get hold of him, and pleading with him to come back and give up his madness. At last, his mother and his family banged their heads on the ground in despair and began to chant a funeral song: "My son is dead, my son is dead." Nine years had passed since then; and now, that very family were standing there, all in white and looking so happy, all well prepared for baptism by their own son.

Such is the harvest waiting now for the reap- A PETITION FROM THE VILLkGE OF MAMDE ing. Is it to rot upon the fields? Translation-We poor villagers have heard of Jesu Just before leaving India a few months ago, I Swami the true God and we do not want to worship wood- en and stone idols any more. We have been bringing went to meet three hundred caste people in an- cattle and sheep to the Cholera goddess for hundreds of other village. They were all asking for teachers. years, but she has never done us any good. We have Half the night I sat with them, listening to them, sacrificed to all the gods but they have never helped us. as they tried to tell the story of Jesus and to sing Now our relatives have become men of Jesus and they are a few lyrics in order to show me that they were very happy, and their children are learning to read the really in earnest. One after another they started, Holy Jesus Book, but we have no Book and our eyes are and in a few moments they broke down, and blind because we cannot read. We. want to worship the stretching out their hands, they said pitifully, golden feet of Jesu Swami but there is no one here to "How can we learn, we have no one to teach us teach us. Can we never have the Holy Jesus Book for our children to read to us? Must we always be blind?

the Holy Book?" Please send us a teacher with the Golden Book. What was I to say to them? Shall we sound a Elders of Mamde- Bommerai Abe Bhoy, retreat? Weare told that seven of our mission- aries must come home from Hyderabad, that there Pichirai Poshe.

Crucial Issue in Latin

A Meditation on the Present Missionary Situation By REV. JOHN A. MACKAY, Ph.D.

-4f Secretary Presbyterian Board o~ Foreign Missions, Author of . – "The Other Spanish Christ" and "That Other America"

T HE issue that confronts Christian, mission ural and inevitable expressions of the Spirit of work in Latin America is the same that con- Christ-the ceaseless urge to do good to every- fronts it around the world. To what extent one and to do all things well as Jesus did. But is there emerging in Latin American countries, the missionary's chief concern will be not to do on pampa and sierra, in teeming cities and forest good but to create doers of good, in whom the wilds, a community of men and women, who hav- same Spirit that inspires himself shall be regnant. ing given themselves utterly to Jesus Christ, have For unless these are formed, the outpouring of become members of His Body, organ for His life, the lavish expenditure of gifts, the idealistic ceaseless activity? How far is the Christian orientation of thought, will become one day but Church being born-that special community whos·e a memory. function it is to bear witness to God in the world and fulfil His redemptive purpose for the world? It is the emergence of an indigenous Christian The only absolute criterion of the success of community that is the goal of the missionary's Christian missions is the birth and development aspiring. Such a community, if it is true to the of that kind of living fellowship. idea that lies at the heart of it, will be a witness- ing fellowship as the early Christian community With Latin America specifically in mind, let us was. Not lovers and admirers of Jesus, or even consider three reasons in support of the position isolated believers in the Christ, is the missionthat the crucial question in mission work in that ary's goal. His goal is a community, "a fellowarea, as in other areas, is the question of the ship of the Spirit," a community of people, that Church. is to say, who have been recreated by God's Spirit and welded into a fellowship. It is not the hold- 1. Because the birth and nurture of an indige- ing of services that will bind them together, nor nous church is the supreme objective of Christian loyalty to denominational forms. They will be missions. Missionaries do not go to any country modern sons and daughters of Pentecost, which primarily as the bearers of a Christian civiliza- as one has put it, "created a community of sacred tion, even if there were, which there is not, a kind love which frees humanity from all limitations of of civilization which merited that name. The naturalegotism." The new sense of togetherness function of the Christian Church, here or any- which they have experienced in Christ will make where, is not to create a new civilization but the them natural successors of those early Christians creators of a new civilization. Missionaries leave who went to the utmost limits in the sharing of their own country and civilization, in order to spiritual gifts and material possessions. The reproduce, wherever they go, the community of kind of community which is the goal of missionfaith to which they belong, not in any merely ary effort will live a life in which theory and denominational or sectarian sense, but conform- practice as closely coincide as they do in the most ing the new community, as nearly as possible, to rigorous of communistic thinkers. Alas that God's ideal for the corporate life of new men and such a community is so little in evidence in North women in Christ. America or in Latin America! Yet it, and it alone, must be the goal of missionary efforts both' Needless to say, Christian missionaries will here and there. communicate the best and truest things they know and give of the best things they have to the people This fellowship will bea witnessing fellowship. among whom they labor, as they will also combat, It will bear witness to God. It will do so as one by all legitimate means,every form of evil among has put it, by manifesting a gift of "perpetual them. Schools of different kinds will thus appear parentage." That is to say, the community will and hospitals, and other institutions for the pro- not exist for itself. It will live for truth, beauty motion of public welfare. These are all the nat- [527 ]

and goodness in their manifold forms. But above plying that to become so is the highest of all goals, all things it will bear witness to the Word of they should do so by learning of Christ at the God, to the reality of a Divine aggression in his- pristine source of Christian knowledge in the tory, in the person of Jesus Christ, to the reality Gospels.

of the Word Incarnate, and to the equal reality Another element in the new mood of Latin of Holy Scripture as the medium in which we America that can be regarded as a true prepara- can hear unerringly the voice of God. tion for an appreciation of Christianity, is the It is perfectly obvious that just as a Christian renunciation on the part of many choice spirits, mission, though incidentally a civilizing agency, of that spiritual traditional indifference which cannot undertake the task of civilizing a country, has been so universal, especially among the culso a Christian community in a country cannot tured class throughout the continent. Many assume responsibility for all that country's needs. younger intellectuals in Latin America decry the Its chief function will ever be, as a model human traditional philosophy of life which kept those fellowship, to bear witness to the Gospel that who laid claim to culture everlastingly upon the spectators' balcony. They are now descending there is good news from God to man. from their marble towers of contemplation and A Widespread Yearning for Reality sensuous enjoyment of life to take their place as crusaders upon the road. Inasmuch as it is im- 2. Because the new mood in Latin America possible for anyone to understand Christianity demands what only the Christian Church can sup- who does not put to himself the question, "What ply. There are times in the life of a country, or shall I do?" there stands before the Christian of a group of countries, in which there comes into forces today in Latin America, an unprecedented evidence a deep and widespread yearning for opportunity to unveil the meaning of the great Christian reality. That mood is operative today spiritual crusade which began with God, which in the deepest soul of Latin Americans. There is, is being carried on by God, and to enlistment in to begin with, a growing consciousness in many which God challenges men and women in our outstanding minds that the true future, their own time. Many have become used, for the first time, and their country's, is in some way bound up with to making irrevocable commitment of loyalty to Jesus Christ. Despite the fact that the historic a cause, who formerly regarded with disdain and religion of Latin America has been guilty to a as mere "sectarians" any who linked their lives to large extent of a grave betrayal of Jesus Christ, a single idea or any single loyalty. They are yet that name, through the instrumentality of the ready, therefore, to appreciate the meaning of Roman Catholic Church throughout the continent, . the Christian cause, the Christian crusade. They has been written into the continental conscious- will not be satisfied with anything. that rests in ness. So much so is this true that one ventures mere forms or ideas and that fails to have a to say that there is an increasing longing for a great passion, a great drive, at the heart of ittrue undertanding of Christ throughout the con- such a passion and such a drive as lie at the heart tinent. The same we believe will be true of Latin of true Christianity, as that ought to be expressed America that was true in the case of St. Augus- by a genuine Christian community. tine. Having learned about Christ from his mother, no system of thought, nor way of living, The Breaking Down of Individualism ever satisfied him through all the long years of his spiritual pilgrimage that had not Christ in it. And then there is the new craving for com- These memorable words of his in his Confessions radeship that is breaking down the old individ- may be read as true of some of the most represent- ualism of the Iberian soul. A young Spanish ative men and women in Latin America today, writer has recently taken to task the great think- "For this name, according to Thy mercy, 0 Lord, ers of his country, Miguel Unamuno and Ortega this name of my Saviour, Thy Son, had my tender Gasset, because they have been too individualistic heart, even with my mother's milk, devoutly in their thinking and have not sufficiently stressed drunk in as deeply precious; and whatsoever was the conception of collectivity. The younger gen- without that name, though ever so learned, pol- eration, he said, is interested in corporate living.

ished or true, took not entire hold of me." It is What an oppor-tunity for the Evangelical Church for this reason that the Argentine, Ricardo Rojas, in Latin America to unveil to the eager thought says, in his "Invisible Christ," that he believes of new Iberians and Indo-Americans the concep- that the destiny of his beloved Argentina is bound tion of corporate living that is at the heart of up indissolubly with Jesus Christ; and that the Christianity, to show how the Church, and the ex-President of Mexico, Portes Gil, affirms that Church alone, is in possession of the key to the if Mexican children are to become Christian, im- meaning of life, and alone is able to produce that

THE CRUCIAL ISSUE IN LATIN AMERICA

type of character which makes true social togeth- the undertaking, yet this is hardly so. With a erness possible! more careful study of the mental attitude of the 3. Because only the Christian Church can suc- cultured natives, and a more thorough grasp of cessfully resist the new "demonic" forces that are the significance of the Message and the methods making their appearance in Latin America and employed, the missionary should find ways of elsewhere in our time. The liberal era is rapidly reaching every class and every individual with the coming to an end, that spirit which took up an Gospel. But the preaching of the Gospel has been attitude of appreciation or tolerance towards confused with the formal exercise of Christian potent spiritual realities. But in our day new worship. It has seemed necessary to the missionand terrible forces are making their appearance. ary to have public prayer, hymn singing, and Christianity is no longer being admired or treated Bible reading as essential accompaniments of each with patronizing or disdainful airs. It is being presentation of his Gospel message. Now, to the ruthlessly challenged and combated by forces native, to stand up with the congregation and to which are demonic in their nature, inasmuch as . join in singing a hymn, or to unite in public they are to all intents and purposes new religions prayer, is identified with a strange worship.

that usurp the place of God on the modern stage. The greatest hindrance of all, perhaps, lies in Fascism in its various determinations is the most the method almost invariably adopted in starting potent "religion" in the world arena today. It a mission in new places. The first step is to find assails Christianity and tries to eradicate it, or a hall and furnish it with seats, an organ, and a it endeavors to subordinate it to its own pur- platform. But this hall with its meeting-furni- poses. The State is the new god. Stateolatry ture becomes a real obstacle between the mission- is the great religion of our time. Ours is there- ary and the community. The native who thinks fore a period when one of the chief, if not the he is going to get some material advantage-edu- chief task of Christianity, is to offer a spiritual cational facilities, economic protection, easy em- center of resistance to this new deity. This it ployment, etc., may break through the obstruc- must do uncompromisingly in the lists or in the tion; but the average high-minded native, the catacombs. It is abundantly evident that no dif- man – and still more the woman – who would used Christian influence has the slightest chance make the most desirable convert, will not.

of surviving the terrific onslaught of the crusad- The foreign character of the missionary &nd his ers of this new god. They only have a chance of methods has become so associated with the work surviving who are a "fellowship of the Spirit" of the Gospel that thoughtful Peruvians who are and who, knit together in a common experience thoroughly in sympathy with the spirit and purand pledged to a common loyalty, will not bow poses of the Protestant missionary, feel themthe knee to this new Baal but will bear testimony selves inhibited from any identification with the to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ movement. Any participation in it seems to be and to His purpose for mankind. Think of Ger- treason against the traditions of their race. The many, think of Turkey, think of Mexico. In Peruvian finds it difficult to conceive of an edu- Turkey, alas, there is no Christian Church today cated native choosing to become a Protestant, alas the fruit of Christian missions. The great though it seems natural to think of the educated battleground of Christianity in our time is in the foreigner as being in place in the Evangelical parishes of the Third Reich. Mexico some months Church. If this difficulty is to be overcome, a ago, was in the throes of a campaign to eradicate larger percentage of the foreign missionaries Christianity and all religion from the conscious- must enter much more fully into the intellectual ness of the people. Only a living Church can stand in such a time. life of the native community. They must familiar- ize themselves not only with the language, but For all these reasons there comes a call to mis- also with the history, the problems, the aspirasionary societies at work in Latin America, to. tions, and the fears and prejudices of the people take earnest cognizance of the extent to which, through their efforts, living Christian communi- among whom they labor. And the missionary ties have been formed, which bear witness to God. must be prepared to alter his emphasis in the presentation of the Gospel so that while no less loyal to the teachings of our Lord, he may suc- . cessfully interpret these teachings so that they OVERCOMING HINDRANCES IN PERU shall appeal to the highest aspirations and the One of the greatest hindrances to the progress deepest feelings of the people to whom he has of the Gospel in Peru is the foreign element in the been sent.-From "The West Coast Republics of missionary and in his methods. At first sight South America," edited by Webster E. Browning, this might seem inseparable from the nature of John Ritchie, Kenneth G. Grubb; pages 91-92.

Bagby a Pioneer in

By INABELLE GRAVES COLEMAN, Richmond, Virginia Publici'ly Secretary, FOI'eign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention "THE most marvelous thing I have seen dur- and sugar cane. During the past half-century ing this half century in Brazil was the there has been a five thousand per cent increase bloodless revolution-the fall of a great em- in Southern Baptists' harvest crop for the Mas- ter in Brazil. pire and the setting up of the Republic without bloodshed," said Dr. William B. Bagby, the senior Fifty-five years ago Dr. William B. Bagby and eighty-year-old missionary of the Southern Bap- his bride, Anne Luther Bagby, were appointed as tist Convention. Many radical reforms-such as pioneer missionaries to South America. Sailing from Baltimore, they spent forty-nine seasick days on the small, storm-tossed barque, before they came to anchor in Rio de Janeiro bay.

Unwelcomed and almost unnoticed, they slipped into this vast country, studied the Portuguese lan- guage and proceeded to the strategic city of Ba- hia, formerly the empire's political capital and still the nation's religious capital. The next two years were checkered with danger and persecu- tion, problems and suffering, all heroically borne.

Dr. Bagby bears a scar on his forehead today as a witness to one experience in Bahia. In a small rented hall while he was telling the Gospel story to a few souls who had dared to attend the service, a stone was thrown through the window and struck the young missionary on the fbrehead. He dropped to the floor and blood streamed down his face. Calmly his youthful life-partner minis- tered to him and silently witnessed for Christ in that tragic hour. Even the Catholics were im- pressed by the courageous way in which this brave young couple presented Christ as the living, con- quering Saviour to hungry-hearted people.

Other missionaries came and the first Baptist church was organized in Brazil. Then like Paul, always lengthening the cords, Dr. Bagby turned his face to a new field, the great capital city of Rio de Janiero. In August, 1934, the fiftieth an- DR. WILLIAM B. BAGBY-TODAY niversary of the organization of the First Baptist church in Rio was celebrated. With radiant joy these veteran missionaries reviewed the years during which the nine Baptists for all of South secularizing cemeteries, separation of Church and America had increased to more than 50,000. In State and proclaiming full religious liberty for all, the same period the two small churches had grown and the recognition of marriage vows-came to more than 500 with 1,500 preaching places, with the new day. Evangelical missionaries have with 718 Sunday schools, 226 Young People's had a large part in bringing these changes to pass. Unions, 400 Women's Missionary Societies, 60 Christ made it possible to bring about the revolu- Young Women's Auxiliaries, 200 children's soci- ' tion without war and bloodshed. "God has let eties, besides men's societies, two seminaries, two some of us old fellows help to build new nations," training schools, two junior colleges, four acad- said Dr. Bagby. Brazil is often called the coffee emies, 48 primary schools, a publishing house, a cup of the world but the percentage of increase Brazilian Foreign Mission Board, a Home Mission for Christ is greater than that from coffee trees Board and a National Convention.

[530 ]

Vitality in Missions*

By the REV. WILLIAM P. SCHELL, D.D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I N THE life of the Church no cause has been we have basked in their reflected glory. Do not more inspiring, none more uplifting, none as misjudge them, nor slander them. Do not allow unselfish, none more heroic than the preaching yourselves to believe things about them that you of Jesus Christ to the world. It is a solemn thing know are not true. Why do they offer themselves to realize that when the foreign mission service as missionaries? Because of adventure, or for a of a Church prospers, the Church is blessed, and "lark" or to teach mathematics? By no means. that whenever a Church is false to its world mis- Nothing but a conviction that Jesus Christ is the sion or disloyal to its missionaries, the spiritual Son of God, nothing but an abiding faith that He life of the Church declines. We move forward died on the cross to save the world, nothing but into every worth-while service as we move for- an unshaken assurance that He rose from the dead ward with Him into His world. and is alive today can lead a man to leave his coun- try, his home and everything life holds dear here There have been discouragements in the year and to bury himself in the jungles of Africa, or that has just closed, and we would not hide them. in the great cities of the Orient. Love of Jesus Missionaries have lived and preached the Gospel Christ sent them out and consecrated devotion to in a world in upheaval; in the midst of an intense Him and His cross and His Gospel keep them out rising nationalism; in nations in some instances there. They do not ask for pity in their difficulincreasingly pagan and antireligious; in the face ties. But they do ask, and they have every right of growing skepticism, even in the home Church, to ask, and to expect, our understanding symas to the validity of Christianity; in the discour- pathy, our prayers, our gifts and our love. agements arising from the spiritual condition of the Church in the United States. . . . Proclaiming the Gospel There have been discouragements – but it has The past year has been a year of outstanding been a year of encouragement and victory. Those spiritual victory on the mission field. First of all, who are closest to the enterprise and who live in the preaching of the Gospel and in evangelistic with it every day thank God for this victorious results. In the face of paganism and of wide hosyear in the mission field. tility to Christ over 7,000 non-Christians were won to our Lord and were received into the Pres- Let us begin by holding up the spiritual morale byterian churches on confession of their faith of the missionaries.

In their living and in their dying, we behold the in Him. Thousands more were reached and en- best that the Church has to offer. They resent rolled in training conferences and brought under being placed on pedestals, they do not recognize the teaching of the Church. In some countries, themselves as heroic, but in all their work they for example, Mexico, this straight evangelism of- reveal to the home Church the possibilities of a fers us our greatest opportunity. Listen to these victorious life in Christ. One missionary in India words from the Mexico Mission: wrote: "We have had many problems, many diffi- Weare convinced that from now on we must depend culties, always a shortage of funds and an inade- upon personal seeking of souls for Christ, and upon per- quate staff, but in spite of this the work has gone sonal dealing with Christians to strengthen and build them on." This spirit of perseverance and hopefulness up more than upon institutions or special plans of work. is also revealed by them when they come home on Our institutions have a rather uncertain existence at presfurlough. ent, but the opportunity for personal evangelism and per- sonal comradeship is greater than ever. We need to search As one who is not a missionary but who knows for new ways of making contacts and then make these and loves them all, I hold up our missionaries as truly effective in reaching souls for the Saviour.

those who have gone out from our churches and Rev. Norman W. Taylor, while distributing lit- erature to soldiers on patrol, came one day to the • Condensed from an address delivered at the 147th General As- highest point along the road and tried to enter the sembly of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A .• Cincinnati, Ohio, outpost. The soldiers were hostile and one fanatic tried to force him to leave the enclosure. At that May 29, 1935. The full address may be had in leaflet form from the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

[531 ]

moment the Commanding Officer appeared. When the Bible. Rev. William N. Blair, of Korea, tells Mr. Taylor explained his errand, he called his men of the Korean colporteur who, laying down his together and recommended the literature, took life on the banks of the Yalu River a half century him to fifteen camps, and personally superin- ago, threw pages from the Bible into the air, extended the distribution of the Gospel portions and claiming as he did so: "Everywhere the leaves of tracts. In describing the results, Mr. Taylor this book touch the shore, a Christian community writes these thrilling words: will arise."

Since this work opened up six regiments of cavalry and In view of these origins, it is not surprising to three battalions of infantry have been reached. Of these, find church-wide study of the Word of God in two regiments and one battalion have been so thoroughly Korea and a Church whose activities are built evangelized that I believe practically every man has hail upon His word. What a blessing would come to the Gospel presented to him. I believe that I can safely the home Church if we could have Bible confersay, withou£ any fear of exaggeration, that between seven ences such as those in Korea, enrolling from 500 and eight hundred men have expressed the desire to follow to 1,000 women or an equal number of men, many Christ. Among the officers, one major, four captains, and of them trudging many weary miles to study the fifteen lieutenants accepted Christ, and greatly helped us Word! And hear this testimony from North by their interest in seeing that all the men had an oppor- China: "There have been during the year more tunity of hearing the message. requests than ever for Bible classes, more oppor- tunities for preaching, more avenues for personal This story, in one form or another, is paralleled wor~, more students in government schools wantin many countries on the mission field. Henry ing instruction in Christian truths. Along with Martyn in Persia thought he could die content if the inspiration of these open doors goes the dehe could see one Moslem brought to Christ. Hun- pression arising out of inability to supply enough dreds of Moslems have come to Christ during the workers to meet the demands." Over 140,000 past year, many of them undergoing great suffer- children in your mission fields were enrolled in ing because of the step they have taken. The Sunday schools, studying the Bible regularly, and great revival in Africa has continued. Enormous many thousands more were enrolled in Bible incongregations attend all the services. They come stitutes and conferences. in unprecedented numbers to the Lord's Supper. Before one can be received into the church he is The spiritual life of the national churches is required, ordinarily, to wait for two years of test- also manifest in a degree of sacrifice and prayer ing and training. the home Church would do well to emulate. The native Christians, during the year, gave in con- Recent Reports from the Fields tributions or paid in fees a total of $1,639,045. Only when you stop to think of their incomes can In India there has been an increasing develop- you have any appreciation of this sacrifice. In ment in the movement in behalf of the 50,000,000 addition to these gifts of money there have been outcastes who constitute fourteen per cent of the gifts of hundreds of days of labor. One reason population. They have been turning to Chris- why they give such large amounts is because they tianity and Islam until Hindus are concerned over are not over-concerned with budgets, quotas, althe power they may have in Government. locations or apportionments. Many of those churches have budgets, but they always look upon Two missionaries in Siam reported an interest- a budget as a steppingstone to something higher ing visit to a village in which were a number of -never as a goal in itself. The average Christian Lao slaves. Only a handful of these slaves had on the mission field does not compare the giving ever received baptism. The missionaries gathered of his church with its record of the previous year together these slaves and their children and talked nor with the records of other churches. He to them about Christ, distributing literature and simply asks: "Am I giving as much as I should teaching them the Bible. give and can give to the Lord in view of what He has given to me?" When that spirit takes pos- When it came to the last day, to the surprise of session of the home churches, we will no longer everyone seven men, ten women and twelve or report deficits, for our mission budgets will burst fourteen teen-age young people came forward and open with new spiritual vitality and power. expressed their desire to follow Jesus. And they are praying. A missionary in Japan The spiritual vitality of the Church on the mis- writes this description of the Week of Prayer sion field is also seen in the fact that it is grounded which should give us pause: "The Week of Prayer on the Word of God. Proportionately speaking, during the first week in January is widely obthere are more Bible-believing, Bible-loving and served by all branches of the Christian Church in Bible-living Christians on the mission field than Japan. The subjects of the meetings were those in the Church at home. The Bible occupies no such place in the life of the Church in America as it does with mission fields. Indeed, many churches in those lands were literally founded by

SPIRITUAL VITALITY IN MISSIONS

prepared by the Committee in London for use I also am a man. Just as I, a follower of the Great throughout the world, and the Christians felt a Physician, have been able by the skill of surgery thrill at the thought of their praying in unison to enable you to see with your eyes, so also as His with bodies of believers in all lands. I had a bit follower I am not willing to allow you to leave this of a guilty feeling, for I was not at all sure that hospital without appealing to you to accept Him the churches in America were observing the cus- who can make you see for the first time with your tom any more. The evening in which interna- soul." There in that room I saw a governor of a tional questions were part of the program was province rise from his knees and give his heart marked by some fine prayers, breathing a Chris- to Jesus Christ. Our work is conducted in the tian spirit of world-wide brotherhood and inter- conviction that all missionaries should be evannational peace. Remember that they are praying." gelists.

The spirituality of the missionaries and the na- This is glorious work in His name. What are tive Christians is witnessed in their recognition you going to do about it? Today all churches of the fact that there is no phase of life which is stand at the crossroads in their Foreign Mission not touched by Christ. Through our mission programs. On the one hand, we have a world torn schools and colleges, through the miracles of heal- to pieces, groping its way-yet ready for the mesing in hospitals and dispensaries, through count- sage of the Saviour of the world. On the other less movements for social and economic justice, hand, we have the Church hesitant, worldly, its through temperance organizations and antiopium mind on other things. In between, we see a rising programs, through agricultural rehabilitation, and generation of young people, offering their lives in through a definite program to put an end to war places most of us would never be willing to enter. and to promote good will among men, the mis- A few weeks ago there appeared a manifesto, sionary enterprise recognizes the power of the signed by fourteen students of Princeton Theo- Gospel and applies it to human life. logical Seminary, expressing their eagerness to preach the Gospel of Christ in foreign lands and Some years ago, while on a visit to China, I had appealing to the Church, to individuals or local the unusual privilege of seeing a man recover his congregations "to share with us the responsibility sight. He was the governor of a large province resting upon all the followers of Christ, to send who had made a journey of 600 miles to a mission us out as your representatives to proclaim the hospital as that was the nearest hospital he could message of salvation." find. On the day of our visit the surgeon removed the bandages from the governor's eyes, as he lay Lift up your eyes on the army of youth ready in the dark room in our inadequate hospital, and to go to the field. Then lift up your eyes to the he saw for the first time in many years, the blue fields waiting for them and, as you look, recall sky, the green grass and men walking. He arose these words of a great preacher of yesterday: from his cot, fell on his knees, and kissed the sur- "Our missionary problems will be solved when our geon's hand again and again in gratitude. Now, spiritual problems are solved, when we live daily the medical missionary might have said to him: in the sight of God. Our local church budgets are "Your Excellency, don't mention it. It has been bankrupt because there are so many of us whose a great privilege to restore your eyesight. Go spiritual lives are bankrupt. We count our houses, and enjoy your sight." That in itself would have cars, stocks and bonds. We count everything and been a Christian deed. But I have always hon- everybody-except God!" ored him for what he did. He said to the kneeling patient: "My friend, stand on your feet, for Let us count God and His Son Jesus Christ and go forward in His name.

BOLSHEVISM AND CHRISTIANITY Basil Mathews describes bolshevism as having the missionary spirit of a world religion "with a strong fighting faith, and a world program. It cannot be conquered by denunciation or derision. We who hold Communism to be based on the denial of the very root reality of the universe–that the Creator is Spirit and is Father-have a greater and truer faith, that conceives for all the world a full salvation of the whole individual, body, mind, and soul; and of the community which those individuals constitute. But Christianity can confront victoriously the greatest of all contemporary challenges-that of Bolshevism-if its followers, with unity of purpose and sacrificial heroism, live by that faith to build a world community from which the clash of classes, the war of nations, and the antagonism of races are banished under the sovereignty of God who made us all."

Galvao, a Brazilian

N EARLY fifty years ago Egydio Galvao was grew, the women coming from the best classes of converted and accepted the Lord Jesus as society-difficult work demanding a charming his Saviour. He lived in the country some personality. Dulce made, and is making, Jesus so days' travel by horseback from the City of Bahia. beautiful to those women who only knew to serve Immediately after his conversion, friends became images.

his enemies, and the Roman Catholic clergy was One day there came into the classes a young highly indignant. But Senhor Egydio bravely man representing. a well-known company. He went his way preaching the Gospel. He was asked to speak of his products. Thereafter he was seen on my front porch, late every afternoon.

Finally he said to me, "You know, Mrs. White, I am not coming down here every afternoon to rep- resent my company." To which I replied, "I know that, I wasn't born yesterday." He told me that he loved and wanted to marry Dulce. She bought a Bible, marked it and presented it to the young man. I heard her tell him of Jesus and His power. He came to church several times and then he said, "Its no use, Dulce, I can't be a hypocrite.

I can't believe; I'd give anything if I could have your faith, but I can't. However, after we are married, I'll never interefere with your religion."

Time went on, and they planned a happy future.

One day a cloud came over Dulce's face, and the next day she came to me and said, "I cannot do it!" "Can't do what?" I asked and she replied, "Oh, I can't marry that man." Looking up she saw the young man approaching, and she grabbed my hand, exclaiming, "And you've got to tell him."

"But," I protested, "he didn't ask me to marry him." I went with her. He smilingly presented her with a beautiful watch. Looking him in the face she said, "Please put that into your pocket and listen to me. I have done wrong, for I never should have fallen in love with you. I cannot marry you." The young man's face blanched, and DULCE GALVAO, OF BRAZIL he recoiled as if struck. "Why, why Dulce," he begged. With a white face, and a voice filled with beaten and stoned-almost unto death, but he and deep emotion she said, "Because you are not a his cheery wife, Maria, kept on their way with Christian. I know you have said that you would the Lord. Their children were given a Christian not interfere with my religion. But listen-my home at a great cost. One of the daughters, grandfather risked his life for the Gospel. He named Maria, married a Christian and established and grandmother, at a great price, gave my a Christian home into which was born a girl, mother a Christian home. My mother and father Dulce Almeida Galvao. Dulce was taught to love gave me a Christian home. Here I am, a third Jesus and to know the Bible stories, and at the generation Christian, a product of two Christian age of 13, publicly confessed Christ. She finished homes. I know what the Bible teaches. How her education at the Collegio Americano Baptista could I let my- Jesus down that way? I could· in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, and asked the Lord not have a Christian home with you. No, I must to show her a place to work. About that time be true to Jesus." She has recovered from the Mrs. Kate C. White had opened up classes in Do- shock of disappointment and now says, "I shall mestic Science in the City of Bahia, the capital of never marry unless it be to a Christian man."

Dulce's native state. Dulce was invited to teach Her life is counting in a beautiful way for the cooking and live with the Whites. The classes Gospel, among the better classes in Bahia, Brazil.

[534 ]

March of Events in

-eil.!oll==B_Y=KE=N_N_E_T_H=G_._G_R_U_B_B_,_L_O_O_d_oo_,_E_o_g_1a_o_d=~ll~ T HERE are factors in the situation in Mexico convergent process,es at work, even if at any given today which would make it inadvisable to dis- moment they are not clearly distinguishable from cuss certain of the present features and tend- one another.

encies at length. It is useless, however, to deny The chronological sequence of the more importhat during the last eighteen months the general tant of these events was somewhat as follows. On position has gravely deteriorated. More recently December 5, 1933, the reform of Article 3 was (and at the time of writing, July, 1935) there officially brought forward in the convention of the have been signs of some moderation in the anti- National Revolutionary Party held at Queretaro. religious process. As is well known, this reform substitutes "social- ist education" for "lay" education. "Socialist edu- The events of the last two years in Mexico may cation," although it has never been officially deroughly be classified as follows: (1) The Educational Reform, culminating in the re- fined in clearly intelligible terms, is meant to imply form of Article 3, approved by the Senate on October 19, in effect irreligious education. It is unnecessary 1934, and followed in 1935 by new regulating decrees. to say more on this very important step, as the point has more than once been referred to in these (2) The University Conflict, initiated by the protest of pages. the National Autonomous University against the reform of Article 3, on July 30, 1934, and followed by the closing of the Universities of Guadalajara and Monterrey. In January, 1934, the Six-Year Plan was pub- (3) Extreme measures in several states, initiated by lished. This is an attempt to draw out a coor- dinated scheme of government, forwarding tbe General Calles' public commendation of Tabasco on M,arch social objective of the regime through intelligently 29, 1934, followed on May 20th by suspension of religious ministry in Sonora and in October by similar measures in other states. (Last July, President Cardenas decreed directed administrative action; incidentally it enthe downfall of Garrido's power in Tobasco.) dorses "socialist education." A month later the Attorney-general issued a long circular dealing (4) The new open conflict with the Roman Catholic with the subject of nationalization of religious Church precipitated on October 22d by the alleged dis- property. Both the question of a nationalist polcovery of conspiracy on the part of the Apostolic Delegate.

(5) A moderate stage, initiated by explanation on Feb- ruary 16, 1935, that the postal decree was only aimed at icy, as well as that of education, were carried a politico-religious propaganda, and followed up by moder- stage further in March when on the fifteenth a ating statements of the President on April 14th and 15th. recommendation was made that the liberal profes- This stage was further marked by the revocation of the sions be reserved to Mexican citizens; while decree against the circulation of religious literature on June 25th. studies made in unincorporated private schools (6) In June the Cabinet was reorganized. Its two most were declared to be void of public validity.

radical members, Garrido and Calles, were left out, and On March 6th a new tendency became apparent General Cedillo, considered a centrist, was admitted. with the declaration by the actual President, Car- (7) On August 31st, a new decree on nationalization of church property was issued. It is more radical than the denas, commending Tabasco as the model state of one formerly in existence. the Republic. Later in the same month General Calles returned from that state and bestowed (8) As the result of a new radical drive to gain con- lavish praise on its achievements. The next state trol of the National University, the University's authorities decided to close and await for President Cardenas'

decision either granting or refusing further support. The to suspend all religious ministry was Sonora radical wing appointed a new Rector (President) on (May 20th) of which Rodolfo Elias Calles was Governor. A commission of school teachers from September 24th. The situation is uncertain.* These periods are not, in reality, so clearly de- Sonora had previously visited Tabasco. The infined as this classification would tend to show. cident is interesting as it exemplifies the appear- The actual events have overlapped and been inter- ance of the same spirit in geographically remote twined with each other. But in a situation as parts of the Republic.

complicated as the Mexican it is always an as- The educational question came again into the sistance to form some slight idea of the different foreground in July. General Calles made an im- portant speech in Guadalajara when he declared Ba*ezThCeamitaermgos, 6o,f 7Meaxnidco 8Ciatyre.-EkDinITdlOyR.furnished by Prof. Gonzalo that it was the right of the Revolution to educate [ 535] .

its own children.* Three days later, on July 23d, It is necessary to note that quite apart from the project for the reform 6f Article 3 was pre- these official actions of one kind or another, there sented to the Chamber. A week later the Na- has been a certain amount of general antireligious tional Autonomous University protested against activity carried on. To say that this by no means the tendentious nature of this reform. The Uni- has the President's approval, although it carries versity School of Monterrey was closed on Sep- the endorsement of one or two leading men, would tember 28th, and the University of Jalisco on Oc- probably be a correct interpretation of influential tober 22d, but by October 19th the reform had Mexican opinion on this question. In assessing been approved by both deputies and Senate. the significance of such propaganda there are cer- Meanwhile, on September 26th, another extremely tain facts to be taken into consideration. Firstly, important reform was passed, which limits the the enthusiasm behind any movement is always conditions of permanency in the tenure of the greatest at its beginning. Secondly, extreme higher judicial posts. measures advocated by minorities tend to attract On October 22d all the Roman Catholic churches attention and create their own advertisement.

in Queretaro were closed; there are practically Thirdly, the temporary significance of a move- no Evangelical 'churches in the state. Two days ment is often proportional not to its real value, later the religious ministry was suspended in but to the contrast it involves with accepted ideals.

Chihuahua and all Roman Catholic churches closed Ten thousand couples live quietly day by day in in Colima; there is also only a very small evan- any community, but a single case of divorce is gelical work in this state. After a further interval heralded on all the headlines. Nevertheless it of two days all churches were closed in Sinaloa. would be a grave error to underestimate the force The quarrel with the Roman Catholic Church and appeal of antireligious propaganda in the was simultaneously carried into a wider field. On world today.

October 26th the Bishop of Chilapa and the priests Anti-Christian Propaganda in Guerrero were ordered to leave, and the next day it was announced that an alleged conspiracy These considerations justify brief comment.

of the Apostolic Delegate had been discovered. Christians, in all parts of the world and in all Before the month was out this matter had been situations of life, must face the fact that propa- officially handed over by the President to the At- gative enthusiasm has passed from Christian pos- torney-general for investigation, and the Arch- session to that of their opponents. The maturity bishop of Oaxaca had been ordered to leave the of Christianity is being accompanied by a kind of country. Early in November the Attorney-gen- fatty degeneration of the conscience. The cru- eral found that cause existed for proceeding sading and even the prophetic spirit has today against the Bishop of Huejutla, the Archbishop of become incarnate anew, not in the ranks of the Morelia and the Apostolic Delegate, who were not, Christian Church, but in the camps of those to however, in the country. whom religion is a soporific and the Church but General Cardenas assumed the office of Presi- one of many institutions which have burdened dent on December 1st. Early in January decrees humanity with temples and priests. Even in a were issued regulating the subject of education in country like Mexico Evangelical activity is, with private and secondary schools. On January 28th certain exceptions, threatened with the pervasion the President made a public statement denying of a kind of nervous tension which renders a for- the existence of religious persecution. On Feb- ward movement exceedingly difficult. The anti- ruary 12th the use of the post was forbidden for religious spirit, although propagative, is in itself correspondence which "may imply propagation or destructive; it is quite false to suppose that it is diffusion of any religious doctrine." Four days responsible for social construction. It is well later, however, the Secretary of the Interior de- expressed in the words of Mephistopheles: clared that this prohibition concerned religious I am the Spirit publications that contained public comment or That evermore deny-and in denying defamatory attack of the Government or its insti- Evermore am I right-"No!" say I, "No!" tutions. On April 14th the President took occa- To all projected or produced-whate'er sion to state that the regime was in no sense Com- Comes into being merits nothing but munist, and the next day he denied that there was Perdition-better then that nothing were Brought into being; what you men call sin- any intention to attack the "religious conscience" Destruction-in short, evil-is my province, of the people; the Government was seeking only My proper element.

to exterminate "fanaticism." Since this date the A few of the broader aspects of the situation general situation has been somewhat easier. also require study. The Mexican religious ques- tion is a part of a much larger field of thought • I have given the substance of these statements elsewhere. See which must include the relations of Church and World Dominion, July, 1935.

THE MARCH OF EVENTS IN MEXICO

State, the threatened collapse of the world-reli- thought. How do these new circumstances affect gions, and the problem of human liberty in many the relations between Catholics and Evangelicals?

parts of the world. How far shall we meet them by emphasizing our The breakdown of Pan-Islam, the fall of the specific approach, and how far by identifying our Caliphate, and the disestablishment of religion in own problems with that of Christianity in Latin Turkey meant that secularism had successfully in- America, or the world, as a whole? What new vaded one of the world's great religions precisely light do we draw from these events on the work- in the regions where it was considered strongest. ing of evil and the powers of the Satanic? Has With the failure of the Russian Orthodox Church the day of "missions" in some parts of the world the weakness of one of the historic Christian almost ceased, and ought we to envisage the fu- churches also became apparent; a population of ture more in the nature of a world interchange of a hundred million had to be written off the reli- spiritual culture? Is there any reason to suppose gious capital of the race, precisely in a country that, in the face of antireligious fanaticism, the where mystical, and even religious sentiment to Christianity of today has a greater survival value all appearances had made a strong appeal. Chris- than Nestorianism or the North African Church?

tianity was no longer immune against the inroads Are our churches at home, in the countries where of secularism. The secularism of many countries they cannot maintain the personal link through dominated by the Roman Catholic Church has long missionaries and institutions, ready to make the been confessed, but that church had avoided an same spiritual investments as heretofore? Or is "official" collapse in any of its territories. But in our brand of exportable Christianity the type that Mexico it seems that such a collapse is taking can be stopped by frontiers and laws? How are place. Of the historic Christian churches, it re- we to meet the challenge that we have lost the mains to be seen whether Protestantism in Ger- emotional control of masses of mankind? How many will be able to withstand the storm. far is the institutional expression of Christianity an adequate one in Mexico, and how far may the A Test of Mission Work work have to pass through a process of "fraction- It is a situation which will also test the whole alization"? Have we, in our work of diffusion character of the work which has been built up and creation, anticipated or adapted ourselves to through the devoted labors of mission boards, developments of the Mexican's own capacity for their representatives and supporters. The Church expression – in fact, do we pursue a really inin China has had to face these experiences and digenous policy? These are a few, only a few, of the many questions which a situation such as the their effect was temporarily depressing, but pos- Mexican suggests. sibly ultimately beneficial. In Russia the evangelical community is different in origin and or- The present difficulties have not befallen us beganization, and little information is available as cause we are modernists, or fundamentalists, or to its real status today. In Turkey the Christian attend church rather than chapel, or retreat minorities were "liquidated" after the War by rather than camp meeting; but because we are political action, and the problem hardly exists. selfish men; because we have loved ease more But in Mexico the Evangelical Church forms the than sacrifice; because we have preferred ourmost important of the country's minorities. It , selves to our Church, our Church to our Chrisstands in close spiritual relation to the churches tianity; our Christianity to our Lord Himself; of the United States, and its future will be fol- because we have lowered the level of our aim that lowed with prayer and interest, and we should we may the more easily enjoy the complacency of further remember that it is Mexican example our success. These are the things that make us which is liable to be copied in the rest of Latin unfit to minister to the world's need, and from these we need to pray to be cleansed. America.

We should not suppose that the Mexican situa- tion is impervious to influence. If it deteriorates further it may well be because of our own inertia Four needs of the modern world are: (1) A reas Christians, and this should be remediable. But creation of individual Christian life, with an enorwe must identify ourselves with the universal mous increase of conversions in the church and the agony of Christianity, and not attempt to evade sense of the presence and power of God, with self crucified; (2) a new fellowship of Christians, noth- responsibility by special pleading, however valid. ing less than the fellowship of the Holy Spirit; (3) We must once more find the solvent for the world's a recreation of the sense of mission to reconstruct spiritual contempt in the agelong vicariousness of the whole of life, standing for a new life in Christ, suffering. By so doing we shall take the more with no compromise; (4) a better realization that effective, because much the more difficult, course. Christ is in life today and moving IUs Church.- Bishop Logan H. Roots.

There are a few questions which require

We Interest Men in Missions?

-411 By the REV. GEORGE A. BROWN Pastor of the First United Presbyterian Church, Elyria, Ohio THE whole problem of interesting men in mis- women and the children of the Church. More sions is, in its final analysis, a matter of than this, it is primarily the work of Christian interesting men thoroughly, heartily, and en- men to make Jesus Christ known to the world for thusiastically in Jesus Christ Himself. The en- when our Lord began this great enterprise He entire missionary enterprise of His Church centers trusted the task to men. The historian Harnack in Him, its living, glorified, has remarked of the first three ever-present Head and Lord. Here are some interesting centuries of the Christian era, As Bishop T. U. Dudley says, facts about a most important that "we cannot hesitate to be- "The man who does not believe problem in the c h u r c h. lieve that the great mission of in carrying the Gospel of Jesus HS 0 m e bod y said that it Christianity was in reality ac- Christ unto all men every- caoheualddna'tndbediddoint.e" sTo hhee Mweenn'st complished by means of in- Missionary League of the where does not believe in Jesus Elyria Church has been given formal missionaries"; that is, Christ. No interest in missions widespread and favorable no- by what we now call laymen. means no interest for that par- tice. The Board of Administicular thing for which Jesus tration of the United Presby- Why is it then that today the was content to be born and to terian Church has told of the work of Christian missions is live and to die. . . . Yes, no work in a leaflet entitled, HAn largely in the hands of the interest in missions means no Adventure in Masculine Mis- women of the Church, espeinterest in the Lord Himself." sions,tt sent to all pastors in cially in the local congrega- Athnedecrhsuornchsa. ys:AHs ItDhra.s Wce.aseBd. tions? They are doing a mag- The men we have in mind in to be an experiment, and has nificent piece of work and may this discussion are Christian become an accomplishment!' God bless them in it. But as a men, men who know Jesus Several missionary periodicals result many look upon the en- Christ experimentally as their tire missionary movement as a personal Saviour and Lord. women's undertaking, and not Only such men can be expected as something to challenge the to concern themselves about have called attention to the serious and active devotion of Christ's mIssIOnary passion, work, and as a result inquir- strong Christian men. At the and purpose, and program. ies have come from twelve Younger Men's Missionary This question of how to in- states, east to west, and are Congress in Chicago last May, terest men in missions takes at still coming,. The story of a delegate reported at one of least two things for granted: the League has been told with the group conferences, that a first, that Christian men ought encouraging results at Cleve- man, when asked to give to lealsnedw, heCrehiacnadgob,asAbekernonbroaanddto be interested in missions, casted over the radio. AI- missions, replied: "I contribute and second that men can be in- to the pastor's salary and to terested in missions. The only ready similar men's organiza- provide heat and light for the question, therefore, that calls tions are being formed in church; you'll have to see my for an answer is just how this other churches. wife about missions." interest may be generated, de- "Why are the men of the veloped, directed and made Church not as interested in productive of definite, practical results. Consider missions as are the women?" This very question first the imperativeness and possibility of this the Christian Illen of India 'Iare asking. Dr.

matter. That men ought to be interested in mis- Stephen J. Corey, President of the United Chris- sions grows out of the fact that the great mission tian Missionary Society, tells of conducting an of the Church is missions. Since men constitute, open forum in India with some Indian Christian in part, the membership of the Church of the Lord leaders, mostly men, who asked, "Are your women Jesus Christ, missions is most certainly "a man's and children interested in sending the Gospel to job," just as much as it is the business of the India?" When he replied that probably two- [538 ] thirds of the money for foreign work in his com- of prayer. The book of "The Acts" makes this munion came from the women and the Sunday plain as does the history of Christian missions schools, their astonishment was unbounded, and since the first century of the Church's life. There one of them said, "Why, sahib, we in India have was also a very definite purpose; after three un- always felt that Christianity was a man's religion. successful attempts had been made to get the men . . . Why are the Christian men of America'less together and to hold them together, to organize interested in bringing Christ to us than are the them around the missionary objective. Finally women and children?" In answer, Dr. Corey tol.d there was the pursuit of this end in the spirit of them that the women in America were definitely patient persistence which the Lord has so wonder- organized for the study of missions and therefore fully blessed. His hand has been so manifestly knew more about missions and were naturally present and powerful that we ascribe to Him the more interested and were doing more for mis- glory and praise of it all.

sions than the men who were not so organized. Men and Missions Sunday Why Are the Men Not Organized? Lord's Day morning, November 19,1933, marks This suggests the further question: Why are the formal beginning of this movement in Elyria.

the men of our local churches not organized and That was "Men and Missions Sunday" and the doing the same kind of missionary work as the pastor preached especially to his men on the sub- women? Here is the reason: In addition to the ject, "Missions – A Man's Job," based on Acts fact already stated, that this whole undertaking 1: 8. In closing he appealed to them to organize to make Christ known to the world is regarded as a real Men's Missionary Society, calling a meeting being largely a strictly feminine affair, there is for this purpose the next evening. Fifteen men the general and deeply rooted conviction that the met with the pastor in response to the challenge work of organizing the men of our local churches of the previous day. From that night meetings for definite, systematic mission study and specific were held twice a month, for a period of six missionary service, simply cannot be done. Even months, under the pastor's leadership, until the the leaders of the missionary movements of the organization was completed, May 21, 1934, by the men of our Evangelical churches are decidedly adoption of a constitution, the election and instal- skeptical as to the possibility of this thing. When lation of officers, and the appointment of commit- we were thinking of organizing a Men's Mission- tees. Ever since that time meetings have been ary Society in our Elyria Church, a letter was held on the third Monday evening of the month – written to the Secretary of the Laymen's Mis- a time found to be the most suitable time for our sionary Movement asking him for any help that men. The membership at present is 40, being he could give us in launching this new enterprise. about 60% of the men on the church membership Mr. F. J. Michel replied, "We do not recommend roll. The average attendance from the beginning the organization of men's missionary societies, has been 27, for the last year 31, and for the last since they cannot be maintained continuously, as five months 36, including several neighboring pas- is the case with the women." (Mr. Michel, him- tors and some of their men.

self, thinks otherwise now.) Beside the usual officers for such an organiza- The second point in our theme is that men can tion, there are membership, program, project, be interested in missions because they ought to boys' work, welfare, and social committees.

be. The divinely imposed command insures the Monthly missionary meetings include worship, possibility. The very imperativeness of this task business, an educational program and a social assigned to the men of the Church of our Lord is period. During the year there were five meet- the" prophecy of its accomplishment. Christian ings with special speakers, four were conducted men can be brought together and they can be held by members, and three were in charge of the together in a missionary organization with con- pastor. Regular mission study courses have been tinuous monthly programs of spiritual worship followed and our present missionary proj ect is and missionary education and service, with the the support of a native evangelist in the Sangla finest Christian fellowship and increasing devo- Hill District of our mission in the Panjab, India.

.tion to their Lord. It has been done, and thus This evangelist's inspiring name is Gulam Masih, the possibility is fully demonstrated by the Men's which means "Slave of Christ." Later we hope Missionary League of the First United Presby- to have some definite work in a home mission field terian Church of Elyria, Ohio. Weare now ready for we believe that "the field is the world," so to answer the question "How?". that interest in missions anywhere means interest It is not necessary to say that this work is the in missions everywhere.

fruitage of prayer, of much prayer, for every for- One of the most encouraging things in the short ward movement in missions has been the result history of our Men's Mission'ary League is the

marked influence it has had on the life and work that we covet above all things. But the responsiof the Women's Missionary Society. At the end bility for human leadership most undoubtedly of the first year of the League the president and rests on the local pastor more than upon any other treasurer of the Women's Society were asked this living person. This is what our missionary statespointed question: "Has the Men's Missionary men think. Dr. John R. Mott, writing of the work League been a help or a hindrance to the work of of promoting missionary education and activity the Women's Missionary Society?" Their replies throughout the Church, by means of local Men':=; revealed the marked increase in membership, at- Missionary Societies, says: "There are reasons tendance, interest, offerings, cooperation between why the subject of the world's evangelization the men and the women, willingness to help in the should appeal with special force to men, and to work, and the growth of the missionary spirit the strongest men. . . . This greatest work of the generally in the Women's Missionary Society. world languishes in no small measure because of During the first year of the Men's Missionary the lack of their initiative and aggressive support. League the Women's Society gained 500/0 in active It rests with the pastors to call more largely into membership, 3470 in general offerings, while the action this vast latent power."

thank-offering for 1934 was 43 % above that of Dr. Mills J. Taylor, Associate Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 1933. The total missionary budget offerings of who has contributed so largely to the success of the entire congregation for the church year end- our Men's Missionary League, says, that "Proging March 31, 1935, were 137 % over those of the ress in these matters depends more upon the enprevious year. The Elyria W. M. S. was given thusiasm, and devotion and loving persistence of the highest efficiency rating of all the thirty so- a prayerful pastor than upon any other person." cieties of the Cleveland Presbytery, for the work of the last year. The president of our local so- The great need of this new movement for "Men ciety generously attributed their high standing to and Missions," therefore, is warm-hearted, wholethe influence of the Men's Missionary League. hearted pastoral leadership. Such leadership a goodly proportion of the men of our churches will Encouraging Possibilities follow. The result will be the realization of such triumphs of God's grace and power in the realm This record shows something of the possibili- of missions as will compel us to magnify and bless ties of a real Men's Missionary League, carried His glorious name for what He has done through on continuously, twelve months in the year, in an us. When Deborah and Barak were given the average congregation, and with growing power victory over Jabin, king of Canaan, the captain and popularity. Clearly this form of activity, that of whose host was Sisera, we read (Judges 5: 2, some said could not be done, can be done, for it American Standard Revision): "For that the has been done. We know of other groups of men leaders took the lead in Israel, for that the people who have joined this new movement. In Novem- offered themselves willingly. Bless ye Jehovah." ber, 1934, a similar organization was formed at Let the pastors, the divinely appointed leaders of Ezel, Kentucky, and in May, 1935, a Men's Mis- God's people today, actually lead in this men's sionary League was formed in the Margaret Park missionary movement and their men will willingly Church of Akron, Ohio. We hope and pray for offer themselves, and will bless "the God that the largest realization of the possibilities of this doeth wonders." It may not be amiss to remind work in local congregations throughout the entire ourselves that in this same chapter (5: 23) we Church. The eyes of missionary leaders in other read, "Curse ye Meroz, said the angel of Jehovah, communions are upon us and they are anxiously curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof, because waiting to see whether we really make good so they came not to the help of Jehovah, to the h~lp that they may know whether to adopt the plan. of Jehovah against the mighty." Mr. Fred J. Michel, of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, says: "I am so glad that the United Here, then, is our challenge. What are we go- Presbyterian Church has taken the matter up. In ing to do about it? If the men of our churches the measure in which it will succeed, we may hope ought to be aroused to a greater interest in Chrisfor the adoption of the plan by other denomina- tian missions, and if their organization into their tions." own missionary societies is not only possible but practicable, and if the responsibility rests upon If this work is to succeed, who is primarily re- us, the pastors, how can we be true to ourselves, sponsible for it? On the divine side it is the work true to our men, true to the unevangelized multiof the Spirit of God and we need to give to Him, tudes of the world, and above all true to our Lord the great Executive of the Godhead in this age of Himself, unless we do all in our power to realize grace, His rightful place in this whole undertak- this definite, spiritual, missionary objective? And ing. It is His presence, and power, and presi- "We can do it, if we will"; or better, "He can do dency in this promising missionary movement

THE GERMAN NEO-PAGAN FAITH MOVEMENT

it, if we will." Shall we not, then, in the face of and Saviour Jesus Christ. In the words of our the world's need of Christ, and with His command Men's Missionary League Rallying Song: ringing in our ears to "go, and preach the Gospel to every creature," and as the natural expression Came now, ye Christian men, of our own life in Him, with our whole heart, an- Obey your Lord's command; swer this call and challenge by saying, "By thy grace we will." Pray Him to send forth laborers In this and every land. What better time is there to begin this work than on the coming "Men and Missions Sunday," Present your gifts to Him, November 17, 1935? Let each pastor preach that Your silver and your gold; day to men, more earnestly than ever before, to show that "Missions Is a Man's Job." Then call But first of all, yourself He asks, a meeting for the organization of a Men's Mis- That He your life may mold. sionary League; pray, plan, proceed as the Holy Spirit may lead. God will touch men's hearts and Go forth, Ye Christian Men, the fruitage will be great. May God give you such Proclaim His name abroad; an experience, for the sake of His Son, our Lord That sinners far and near, may come To know the Son of God.

He gave His life for you, His precious blood He shed; Serve Him who saves you by His grace, The Church's Living Head.

The German Neo–Pagan Faith Movement By REV. W. O. LEWIS, D.D. I~­ European Representative of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society I T HE main facts about the religious controversy Hauer was born in 1881. As a young man he in Germany are well known and many have worked as a stonemason and so came into close heard about the movement in the Evangelical . contact with many irreligious people, but he also Church which calls itself "German Christian." knew certain pious folk who had considerable in- The press has also reported the speeches of Gen- fluence on him. He decided to become a mission- eral Ludendorff in which he prides himself on ary and entered the training school of the Basel the fact that he is in no sense a Christian. Most Missionary Society. Being exceedingly gifted, he of those who direct the affairs of the "Third soon mastered all his teachers had to offer him Reich" have broken more or less with Christian- and went to India as a teacher in a high school.

ity. But relatively little is known of what is prob- He has since stated that when the Missionary So- ably the most serious of the Neo-Pagan organiza- ciety offered to send him to India, he told the tions, The German Faith Movement (Deutsche directors he was not sure that he was a Christian Glaubensbewegung). and some of the older missionaries objected to There were pagan organizations in Germany at sending him out.

the end of the last century and many new ones When he reached India, he began to study In- have sprung up since the War. After Hitler came dian religion and took up the study of Sanscrit.

to power, they were afraid they would not be Later he went to Oxford and when the War broke tolerated, but in October, 1933, they were as- out he was interned by the British Government.

sured that the new Government would not under- His experience during the next four years had a take to suppress them. At Easter, 1934, repre- profound influence on his development. By the sentatives of various pagan organizations united time the Hitler regime was established, he had under the name of German Faith Movement. renounced Christianity openly. His book, Deu- They met at Schwarzfeld in a natural cave known tsche Gottschau (German View of God) may be as the "stone church" which is said to have been taken as the most complete and authoritative ex- used as a place of pagan worship before Chris- position of the Neo-Pagan German Faith Move- tianity was introduced into Germany. Professor ment.

William Hauer, a professor in the University of This movement is already well organized all Tiibingen, was elected head of the organization. over Germany. An effort is made to keep the

membership limited to those who are sure they that Christianity furnishes a sufficient basis for know what they believe or do not believe and morality. According to German press reports, why. It is claimed that there are 20,000 mem- recently in large meetings, Hauer and other rep- bers in these smaller fighting organizations, but resentatives of the movement have openly as- Hauer himself thinks he has evidence that there serted that Christianity has not only lamentably are at least 5,000,000 in Germany today who may failed to furnish the ethical foundations which are be classed as adherents, and the number is said needed today, but has actually brought great to be growing. The movement has its weekly and harm to Europe, having prepared the way for Bol- monthly periodicals, and is already giving a sort shevism. They claim that prostitution and bawdy of training to those who are active in the propaga- houses did not exist in Germany before Chris- tion of paganism. They have adopted a ceremony tianity came. German Faith ethics can be best for the dedication of children to take the place of learned by studying the biography of Frederick infant baptism and also have pagan wedding cere- the Great and other great German heroes. The monies. Besides lectures and various public military virtues are exalted. There is a limit to rallies, they have pagan ceremonies around trees the sacrifices the strong must make for the weak.

on high places. Most of the leaders are educated In some cases they say that it would be better to and are men of clean, moral lives. The movement allow the weak to perish, and in many cases men makes a strong appeal to certain young men who and women should be sterilized so that they can- made the Hitler revolution. Hauer and his friends not reproduce their kind. The individual counts claim that the religion they preach is the true for very little, the State is everything. The Ger- spiritual and philosophical basis of the Nazi revo- man Faith approves of war and the joy of battle lution. This movement is now not only tolerated for the nation's honor. Along with courage there by the Nazis, but is even allowed privileges which goes a certain fatalism. The German Faith man the churches cannot get. They are permitted to does not desire the rewards that Jesus said the use the large Sportpalast in Berlin for their meet- heavenly Father would give to the righteous.

ings which neither the Protestants nor the Ro- The German Faith rejects the idea of human man Catholics can use at present. sin. While admitting that not even the greatest These Neo-Pagans have so far refused to put German heroes attained their highest ideals, there in print anything like the creeds of the Chris- is little place for any real doctrine of sin, of re- tians. But from Hauer's writings and other pub- pentance, or forgiveness. They acknowledge the lications, it is possible to gain some idea of what need of no mediator to bear our sins. Each must they believe. bear his own penalty. Men conquer sin in their Great emphasis is placed on race. It is claimed . own strength since the essence of every man's that there is an inner, spiritual side which cor- soul is divine.

responds to the outer distinctions of the various German Faith people profess to honor Jesus, races. There has been an age-long struggle be- but they state boldly that they do not take Him tween the civilization which Hauer calls West as model and leader. They simply do not see the Asfatic-Semitic and the Nordic Indo-Aryan which need of the Christian religion. Some may think has found its finest flower in the Nazi state. No they need Christianity just as some think they effort is made to revive the paganism of the past cannot do their work without tobacco. But they in its ancient form, but it is claimed that Chris- could do their work better without this artificial tianity is alien to the German race and blood and stimulation. The German Faith does not claim the period of over a thousand years in German to be universal and valid for all mankind, but does history between Charles the Great and Hitler is claim to offer something better to Germans.

an interlude. The ancient paganism must be mod- Hauer asks, "Have those who believe in Christ ernized and brought up-to-date. Eckehart and more power to overcome the difficulties of life?

Nietzsche are often quoted with approval. Have they more courage to face danger, to risk The conception of God seems to be a sort of position, income, life; yea to look death in the mystical naturalistic pantheism. He is the hidden face? Have they more joy than the men of the background of all things who reveals himself in German Faith 'z Is their life more real, more nature and in men. His highest manifestation is genuine, cleaner? Are they willing to serve their in the fighter and in the German culture. The nation with _more self-sacrifice? Do Christians German faith god is hardly a personal god. The have more peace in fellowship with each other?

world which is the manifestation of God is not to Let the Christian prove his faith by his works."

be despised. It is infinite and eternal. Man's Whether they will or not the Christian people spirit is a spark from the eternal. But there is of Germany must accept this challenge. Those no separate conscious immortality. who know Christ have no doubt as to the out- When it comes to the ethical side, it is denied come. There can be no neutrals in this struggle.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home ~,~================E=D=IT=ED===BY==M==RS=.=E==ST=E=LL==A=S=.==A=IT=C=H=I=SO=N='=G==RA=N=V=I=LL=E='=O==H=IO================~.~~ NEW PLANS FOR PRO- ning lamp; Look and Read-an tian Ideal for America," with open book with a pair of spec- the Spirit of Home Missions, an GRAM BUILDERS tacles on it; Look at Your Indian, a mountaineer, a Span- THE LOOK OF THE MONTH CLUB Church-rays from above fo- iard, a Negro, an Alaskan, a cused upon a church building; Puerto Rican, etc., in vivid pan- Under this title the Forward and Look at Yourself-in the Looking Committee of the Meth- orama, and a ribbon visualiza- odist Episcopal Woman's Home looking glass, of course! tion of ties brought from Europe Mission Society has brought out This last volume is really the to various sections of the New a year's programs of a unique first, being intended for use in World by explorers and pioneers. character, the calendar being co- August, as a personal preface The leader next dials on a radio ordinated with a tiny "library" of 12 pamphlets enclosed in a wherein all officers and chairmen as if in search of station WHMS shall take an early look at them- from which The March of Time neat case, each pamphlet cover- selves in relation to the impend- is broadcast, short musical intering the material for a month's ing task, with the plans, goals, ludes being used between the program. The "club" is launched courses of study, organizational brief talks of people hidden be- "with the high hope that in the specifics, etc., thoroughly out- hind a screen and speaking as abstract study of the develop- lined and explained. Each de- if from a number of fields on ment and progress of home mis- partment of missionary endeav- which the society is working. sions, the understanding and de- or has the mirror held up for its The closing announcement is, votion of our sisterhood may be accurate reflection. As it is im- "The WHMS Marches on!" The deepened and broadened." The possible to follow the details of organization of the society is specific theme is, of course, "Pi- all the months, a general survey next illustrated in a large Temoneering Today in Home Mis- of the September booklet is here- ple Chart placed on an easel and sions," each month's "look" be- with given as a sample of the explained by the leader-founing at some phase of the task. development, the worthful sub- dation of Jesus Christ, organiza- Thus the first month is a "Look ject matter and its practical ap- tions, conferences and boards as Forward" at the magnitude of plication. As with all its succes- the steps, missionary education, the work. The cover design sors, the devotional service is Christian citizenship, departbears a clear cut telescope. The fully outlined even to the text mental bureaus, etc., as the pilensuing months are: "Look and for the leader's talk. Then fol- lars of a Greek temple. The Act," with a spotlight turned on low "The Look of the Month"- central pillar is finance. This Race Hatred, Intemperance and 20 minutes' study of the home feature covers the second divi- Juvenile Delinquency; Look at mission textbook (which is thus sion as outlined in each program the Work, a pair of eyes being completely covered in the course and is followed by the social focused at long range upon the of the year); a period on Wom- hour in which a recreational' map of the United States; Look an's Home Missions, which is a "Before and After" stunt is per- Up-Peace on Earth, with a specific study of some phase of formed. With the women distar; Look Ahead to Youth, the denomination's work–dti- vided into groups of four or five, with a pair of field glasses on zenship, conference institutions, or eight or ten if the audience is whose two lenses appear a boy Christian center activities, coop- large, leaders are chosen by each and a girl respectively; Look at erative projects and the like; group and a certain amount of Your Neighbor-an open win- while the last period is devoted time is given for planning. dow revealing a group of people to a social hour whose details fit When ready, a group depicts a of various nationalities inside; in with the preceding study. locality before and after the mis- Look at New Occasions-a ba- Thus in September the devotion- sionary society began its work, rometer, the sun and a cloud; al service takes a far and wide the audience in each case trying Look Far in Cooperation-a look at the task through God's to guess what institution or misyoung woman looking through a eyes; the textbook study pre- sion has been represented. The surveyor's transit; Look To- views "Toward a Christian best demonstration is then acgether-mother and daughter America" in a dramatic sketch claimed as decided upon either scanning a book under the eve- on "Home Missions the Chris- by judges or popular vote.

[543 ]

Posters suggested as adver- ination may be laid upon this by 11. What can a Christian individual tisement for this meeting fea- officers or chairmen of corre- and member of a group of Christian tured pioneer scenes, the invita- sponding committees who then young people do to improve motion tions being on a sunbonnet give their outlines for the open- pictures in your community? pasted on a postal card, and cov- ing year's work. The president ered wagons made of match cements all together, naming the 12. Can you subscribe to the stateboxes to be used as favors. binding material as "the helpful- ment on p. 162 beginning, "The fre"!- ness of each woman in the tier of the new day is largely social" While the specific details 'of this attrac- church." If the boxes are cov- as expressive of the whole task? tive series are denominational, its funda- ered with gold, silver or other mentals are of so unique a character and fancy paper, the design will be 13. Record somewhere what you so universally applicable that any Intelligent most attractive. This plan lends have definitely determined to do about program builder could adapt them to her itself to an annual meeting in the matters listed in this course. own use. It is issued by the Woman's Home which otherwise dull reports are Missionary Socitey of the Methodist Epis- to be presented. "So Built We From the Editor's Scrapbook copal Church, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, the Wall" is the title suggested. Ohio. Price 50 cents. Capitalizing a Popular Hobby: Christian Youth in Action Hannah P. Miller, secretary for Another Year Book young women's work in the To an unusual degree this M. E. denomination, writes in a The program theme for the study for young folks may be new leaflet regarding capitalizwoman's society of the Alham- cast into the form of questions, ing the collecting hobby which bra, California, Baptist church discussion topics and the like. A enthralls all normal you t h was "Builders with Him" and few of Mrs. B. P. Heubner's as- sooner or later. Progressing the key verse "Come and let us signments as she taught this from dolls, pictures, books, pilbuild up the wall," Neh. 2: 17. book at the Lake Koronis, Minn., lows, spoons, elephants, etc., she The following is a brief outline assembly last summer were as proposes to call a halt on all of the meetings: follows: other accumulations until June 1935, the climax of the girls: Topic, "L a yin g Foundations 1. List some of the things wrong in Golden Year, meanwhile major- Through Reading." Presentation of America today. ing on "our little yellow envelnew books and the magazine Missions. opes" (containing the special 2. What are the attitudes of youth personal dues or gifts); $50 Stewardship, with the bricks of of your acquaintance toward the in- gifts from individuals or organ- Time, Money and Talent. ability to enter upon their life work? izations; names of new mem- What seems to you to be a Christian bers; subscriptions to Woman's Civic program, "Builders with Him attitude toward the situation? Home Missions, etc. Two prime for Good Citizenship." A temperance values stand out: (1) Friends program was given. 3. In what respects can the Church learning of the girls' new quest be said to have conformed to the will lend a hand to help make of Missionary program, "Building with standards of a pagan world? their favorite a Champion Col- Him Through Schools for Negroes." lector in the local or associa- 4. Arguments pro and con for sub- tional organization, and (2) Evangelism-"Winning New Work- sidizing or endowing churches to leave that whereas other collecting ers for the Wall." them free for their main task. hobbies are only for self-cen-· tered gratification, this one has Missionary program, "Building with 5. What is your community provid- an altruistic object in benefiting Him in Burma," Baptist literature ing for the leisure time of young peo- others. Even "collecting girls" and the Rangoon printing press being ple who cannot be in school? What for the membership may result featured. more might be done? in fine, lasting and serviceful friendships of far-reaching con- "Builders with Him Through White 6. From your own experience or ob- Cross Work," with dramatization servation, cite examples of interracial presented by the corresponding com- friendship. State obstacles and benemittee and a display of the work done. fits.

"Builders with Him in Our Church" 7. Would you patronize a Japanese -a workers' conference. dentist? A Negro physician? Enter- Various other special foreign fields were similarly considered.

"The luncheon feature for the year," says the Year Book, "is known as Birthday Partners. Each woman is given the name of a missionary whose birth date is the same as hers, and at the luncheon table (taking the tain a Mexican student in your home? sequences. Magazine subscripmonths successively) the women cele- Room with a Chinese at a conference? Are your answers free from race prej- tions result in a widening interbratin~ bring some news item or let- est with all its possible sequelre. ter from their birthday partners." udice?

Building the Wall 8. In the light of Chapter 2 analyze "Ships" for Toasts: The Col- your own community, considering its lege Ave. Baptist Church in Tois another widely adaptable needs, what the church or other agen- peka, Kansas, held a "covered theme based on the same Scrip- cies are doing to meet these, over- dish" luncheon using this theme, ture. The corner s ton e, of looked needs or situations, and formu- the table decorations featuring a course, should be Christ (repre- late recommendations for your young centerpiece representing a lake sented by a box of say 12 inches people's group and yourself. (silver paper) with a sparkling square), laid by a charter mem- beach, on which floated three 9. In parallel columns record facts regarding war which cause you to oppose it and why peace enlists your ber if possible. Then smaller active support. kindergarten – style s hip s of boxes labeled Prayer, Reading, 10. Has the attitude of young peo- heavy paper. Two were black Missionary Education, etc., ac- ple toward liquor changed since re- pirate ships with white masts peal? State evidence. Propose a pro- and sails – "Indifference" and cording to the departments of gram of action in dealing with the "Neglect," these being later run. work in the church or its denom- liquor situation.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

down and overturned by the Mounted on heavy material, the ties, and dividing the crowd into third, "Friendship," flying the back of each picture contains es- groups of from three to five each, American flag. Small boats sential information about its give each group one biography. carrying cargoes of nuts and subject. Mounted on heavy ma- The groups then repair to dif- other foods were used over the terial, the pictures are suitable ferent rooms or different corners table. The leader's talk showed for framing and using as visual- of the same room and read tohow neglect and indifference izations in missionary meetings, gether their leaflets, returning must be overcome and replaced study classes or Sunday school after ten minutes and putting on by friendship in dealing with teaching and give personal in- their demonstrations, playing "New Americans." The toasts terest to descriptive or biograph- charade-fashion upon the names .w ere on "Interpretership," ical material. of the missionary subjects. The "Friendship," "F e 110 w s hip," counselor then collects the biog- "Citizenship"and "Partnership." Birthday Partners: A good raphies and asks of each group A selection from "the Ship of luncheon feature for the wom- any ten questions (except exact State" was read. The plan lends an's society is to assign to each dates) answered in its sketch, a itself to the theme for home mis- member the name of a mission- point being scored for each sion study this year-"Toward a ary whose natal day is the same query answered cor r e c t 1y. Christian America." as her own and have these wom- Should the other groups be un- en, month by month during the able to guess the charade in the A Missionary Reading Room: year, give some news item or course of the quiz, the perform- The methods department in Mis- read a letter from their birth- ing group scores ten points so sions tells of a plan used in day partners at the luncheon that its maximum score is twenty White Temple (Baptist), Port- table, thus affording a double points. "You see this makes a land, Oregon, going a step far- "celebration." plain game into a purposeful ther than the common use of a game in which some learning literature table in the church Business Around the Maypole: processes must be going on or vestibule, or some other easily some very low scores will be accessible place. Miss Nettie Johnston writes of a made. The game may be played plan used at the May meeting in through several meetings." "Ours," writes Mrs. J. Fred Bell, the Pittsburgh Branch of the secretary of literature, "is a down Methodist Women's Auxiliary "Missionary Footsteps in Ja- town church, and when the family car for livening up the reception of pan." This apropos program takes the young people to the B. Y. branch reports. It was in the was prepared by Pearle Bourne P. D., fathers and mothers must go setting of a dolls' maypole party, and is described in The Window then and wait an hour for the church the "dolls" being pieces of mail- of Y. W. A., organ of the Wom- service. So we feel that this room ing tubes about five inches long an's Auxiliary of the Southern fills a real need. It is a small S. S. dressed up in ruffles of fluffy Baptist Convention: room, easily heated and comfortably crepe paper and drooping hats furnished. We (the board of missions framing faces cut from maga- Poster suggestion, an outline map of the church) started a library with zines. As each secretary read of Japan with Japanese shoes (clogs) books bought for the school of mis- her report, she rolled it up, marching across it. Dse some such sions. We are subscribing to Missions pressed it into a tube and at- wording as this: "March with Mis- magazine so there will always be the tached the doll to a streamer of sions across Japan at (time and current issue on the table, as well as the pole. This pole was set in place)." Japanese shoes made into 'A Book of Remembrance' and free the midst of a lawn of green folders in which is printed the pro- leaflets. We are asking for donations paper and had a yellow paper gram will be effective. Hymns: of missionary books." "flower of happiness" for China, "Footsteps of Jesus"; "Follow, Fol- a real iris for Japan, a rose for low, We Will Follow Jesus"; "Where Forty Missionary Stories is India and America, etc., at the He Leads Me I Will Follow." Devothe name of a new book by Mar- top. The gay streamers of the tional: "Ye Should Follow His Steps," garet W. Eggleston-"true tales pole and dresses of the dolls re- 1 Peter 2: 21b. Talks on "Getting that have the heart touch and lieved the monotony of the re- Our Footing," "Our Footing in 44 that carry their morals without ports. Years," etc., according to the subject words. They are not of equal matter to be covered in the program. stimulus but they cover a sur- Charades for Fellowship: A Special music, "Beautiful Japan," or prising range and few readers writer in The World Call sug- "Hail to the Brightness." Other fea- will escape their emotional ap- gests after looking over the bi- tures may be: "Footfalls that Pre- peal. The book is particularly ography sets of the United saged Great Events," "Footprints on adapted for use among boys of Christian Missionary Society the Sands of Time," "Turning Shoes the hero-worshiping age. (Har- that charades should be impro- Around" (changing old non-Christian per's; $1.50, or through your vised to familiarize people with ways through missionary influence). own literature department.) the names of missionaries and "Getting Our Footing" may be a True- impart information as to what and-False test, the leader either hand- Portraits of Missionaries: The each one did. Selecting from ing out a written test for each mem- Baptist Department of Mission- the leaflets such names as Trout, ber to mark or reading the items and ary Education has a large collec- Palmer, Hunter, Weaver, etc., letting the organization indicate the tion of 10×12¥2 portraits of its having dramatization possibili- correct reply, as: "The name, Japan, missionaries to which it keeps was given by Perry when the country adding from time to time. was opened to trade. (b) By the Chinese since the sun came from its direction. (c) Because of its beauty," the second being correct.

~~I====~============~========~I~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK GIVEN TO HOSPITALITY Jesus said, "When thou makest a feast, bid the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind: and thou shalt be blessed; they have not wherewith to recompense thee."

Peter in writing "to the elect" urged them to practice "hospitality one to another without murmuring." Paul, in letters to the Roman Christians and to Timothy, his "true child in the faith," repeats the charming words, "given to hospitality."

The Rune of Hospitality I saw a stranger yestreen: as it unites us to Him and makes congregations who have listed I put food in the eating place, His prayers one with ours, will the members who would be the Drink in the drinking place, lead us to intercessory prayer first to leave and who would Music in the listening place; for all men." doubtless afterwards have "gold And in the sacred name of the Triune, stars" on another flag to be hung He blessed myself and my house, *** in the church. My cattle and my dear ones. And the lark said in her song, Let us thank God for the growing In helping its members "to Often, often, often, and deepening consciousness of the seek peace and pursue it," the Goes the Christ in the stranger's guise, need for peace, and for the personal Broadway Tabernacle Church in Often, often, often, knowledge of Him who brings peace New York City has made use of Goes the Christ in the stranger's guise. on earth.-From the Call of Prayer, the following anti-war declara- announcing the observance of the tion: -Old Gaelic Rune. Recovered by World Day of Prayer, February 28, Kenneth McCleod. 1936. "I have quietly considered what I would do if my nation THANKS BE TO GOD MAKING UP OUR MINDS should again be drawn into war.

Luke tells how Paul on his last Strange how we strong- "I am not taking a pledge bejourney "thanked God and took minded Americans who usually cause I do not know what I courage." know where we want to go, and would do when the heat of war straightway go, are now fum- mood is upon the country. But Paul in writing to his Chris- bling and stumbling along in in a mood of calm consideration tian friends in Philippi and making up our minds how to I do today declare that I cannot Colossre combined the giving of keep our nation out of the hell reconcile the way of Christ with thanks to God and steadfastness of another war. Evidently too the practice of war. in prayer. many of us keep our minds on the possible war rather than on "I do, therefore, set down my Father Fabian says: "Our our probable strength to find the name to be kept in the records own interests drive us obviously Way of Peace. I have heard of of my Church, so that it will be to prayer, but it is love alone which leads to thanksgiving. [546 ] There is little enough of prayer but there is still less of thanksgiving."

"Our knowledge of the Love of God to us calls us to pray for ourselves that we may be worthy of His Love. Our love for Jesus,

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOlv.lE MISSIONS

for me a reminder if war should thority of the Foreign Policy As- sciences have performed a valcome; and will be a solemn dec- uable function in conducting relaration to those who hold to sociation, which has gained wide search which increases our recognition as a source of un- knowledge of human relations, this conviction in time of war biased information on interna- but their findings do not reach that I believe them to be right; the masses, and therefore have and I do desire with my whole tional affairs, but the facts are too little influence on public presented in popular, non-tech- opinion. The Foreign Policy Asmind and heart that I shall be sociation believes that the most among those who keep to this be- nical language. Each book con- useful service which it can perlief. tains about forty pages and is form at this time is to develop a new means of public education "I set down my name to make illustrated with unique pictorial which will secure a wider disconcrete my present thought charts or graphs. tribution and more effective use of the knowledge derived from upon the question of war, and The series is especially suited research. declare my purpose to think and to the needs of discussion groups, The project is being carried talk with others about it, that current events clubs and forums. out by a new Department of my belief in the way of Christ Study outlines and supplemen- Popular Education organized tary material are available to this fall under the direction of shall become operative in this William T. Stone, Vice-President and in other questions which teachers, ministers, and club of the Foreign Policy Associanow confuse our thought and leaders using the books for dis- tion. Mr. Stone is assisted by action." cussion groups. The books are Mr. Omar P. Goslin, as educa- tional secretary, and Mrs. *** published in two editions: a Phyllis A. Goslin as editor. Mr. paper covered pamphlet edition and Mrs. Goslin are authors of Since June, 1934, the General for organizations and study Rich Man, Poor Man, a graphic Council of Congregational and survey of our economic dilemma groups at 25 cents a copy; and which has received enthusiastic Christian Churches has author- praise fro m educators and ized preparation for "a plebis- a book trade edition bound in critics. boards on sale at all bookstores cite of our denomination to de- at 35 cents a copy. Released by Foreign Policy Association, termine the mind of our people" S W, 40th St., New York, New York. on four propositions or others The gravity of the world crisis relating to the question of war is one compelling reason for this and peace. The vote is being new venture. If society is to taken this month. solve the fundamental problems May God be praised that of our times without resort to under his guidance some Chris- violence, it must apply knowltians will be led to make up their edge and understanding more minds concerning the Way of Peace. successfully than it has in the past. In recent years the social NEW VENTURE IN ~.

POPULAR EDUCATION I Headline Books Offer Popular I Material on International Problems I The Foreign Policy Associa- FLANDERS FIELD tion announces an interesting The float, shown above, entitled Flanders Field, was a unit in the Peace Demonstration experiment in popular education, prepared by Mrs. J. H. Callister, and directed at the Northfield Missionary Conference, initiated this month with the Northfield, Mass., in July. For particulars regarding such a demonstration for Peace, publication of Headline Books. The first volume is entitled "War refer to the B1IIletin for November, or address tbe Editor. Tomorrow: Will We Keep Out?" a survey of the proposals for keeping America out of the next war, written against the background of our participation in the World War.

The object of Headline Books is to present the complicated and difficult problems of our times in a form so simple and interesting that they will be understood by the millions of Americans who don't normally read "serious" books. The material which goes into each book carries the au- ! Our World–wide Outlook ~ ~II,~,=====A=M=issi=ona=ry =Ne~ wsp~ape=r o=f C=urr=ent=Ev=ent=s =====~~ NORTH AMERICA Interior, and is expected to take can be a Scout or receive a com- from five to ten years to com- mission unless he believes in Human Relations Institute plete. The work will employ God. In 1917 a special edition of the Bible and of the New The Williamstown Institute of about 4,000 men. Rev. Roy H. Testament, bearing the Scout in- Human Relations meeting at Murray has been appointed by signia and readings on the Scout Williams College in September, the Washington Co un c i I of brought together Jewish, Cath- Churches and Christian Educa- law, were issued.

olic and Protestant representa- tion for this work. The culminating "daily good tives with a frank and deter- turn," which is the capstone of mined purpose to create a better Chicago's Kingdom of God the movement, came in 1934, understanding. The 680 mem- Fellowship when the President of the United bers of this Institute, while not States broadcast a request for a forsaking the cardinal principles Chicago is developing a "King- nation-wide good turn during of their own religion, feel bound dom of God Fellowship," with Anniversary Week. In response together in a common task of aims akin to those in the Fellow- to this call, the boys gathered combating the forces of national- ship sponsored by Kagawa: "(1) 91,863 pieces of household furniism, secularism, intolerance and The deepening of spiritual life. ture, 22,206 pieces of bedding, materialism which are alarm- (2) An educational program to 268,716 pieces of clothing for inform the churches and inter- men, 276,423 pieces of clothing ingly on the increase. The Institute was based upon pret for them the life, the Chris- for women, 266,160 pieces of recognition of the fact that while tian experience and social pro- clothing for children, besides fundamental religious differ- gram of Toyohiko Kagawa, and 79,617 miscellaneous pie c e s. ences must remain, m u t u a I to relate ourselves to the Chris- These supplies were given to ununderstanding and a working tian International Fellowship employed persons. cooperation can be established in that is coming under the impulse Now, after twenty-five years spite of them; and that interest of Kagawa's Christ-like life and of the Scout Movement, almost in mutual problems can sur- teaching. (3) The study of and 800 men are devoting their mount respective differences. the relating of ourselves to the whole time to its leadership. A outstanding social action move- training school is carried on Are Country Churches Dying? ments within our own churches near Mendham, N. J. and the cooperative movement This question is often heard, -The Christian Advocate. as a technique for world brotherand a Louisville Baptist minister hood." Quaker Branches United has worked out an answer in the following figures for Kentucky: A booklet entitled "Kagawa A breach of more than a hun- dred years' duration was healed City Country and the Kingdom of God" has when the two branches of the been prepared and is being dis- Religious Society of Friends, Churches Churches commonly known as Quakers, tributed. Dr. Kagawa expects talked, prayed and were silent in Membership ….. 18,677 18,675 to be in the United States dur- Baptisms ……. 570 1,045 ing the winter.

Pastors' Salaries. $39,573 $33,883 Total Gifts …… $201,606 $69,723 S. S. Enrolment. 14,897 11,692 Scout's Silver Anniversary the same New York meeting house. More than a century ago -Watchman-Examiner.

Another Cooperative Project About half the Boy Scout the followers of Elias Hicks, calling themselves liberals, broke Seven denominations are coop- troops in the United States are erating in the support of an in- connected with churches. Of the off from the orthodox section, terdenominational religious pro- organization's twelve laws, the and each Suriday since then gram at the site of the Grand Coulee Dam in the State of most fundamental is the twelfth, these Quakers went their sep- Washington. This support pro- which reads: "A Scout is reyvides for a religious worker and arate ways. The reunion, which helps toward the erection of a erent toward God. He is faith- took place at Gramercy Park chapel building. The dam is being built by the Reclamation ful in his religious duties, and meeting house, was character- Bureau of the Department of the respects the convictions of others ized by a quiet service. When in matters of custom and reli- the service and announcements gion." This has been embodied were over there was a filing out, in the constitution of the Boy a shaking of hands, a little nod- ding across the meeting house. Scouts of America, and no one [548 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Danish Lutherans Take Washington Chinese Church religious. The "Socialist" teach- ing of Mexico is planned to a Stand The organization of a Chinese remove all religious preconcep- Community Church among the tions from the minds of the peo- The Danish Evangelical Lu- 800 resident Chinese is one of ple. In one of the most populous theran Church in America, with the most interesting recent de- states, all school teachers must a baptized membership of 18,- velopments in Washington, D. C., sign the following document: 000, assembled in convention in and is a brand new enterprise. Danevang, Texas, June 14-18, The recent visit of Dr. P. C. I declare that by all the means in passed the following resolution: Chua, head of a private hospital my power I will fight the Roman Cath- in Canton and an earnest Chris- olic religion and other religions. I Be it hereby tian, has initiated this move- declare that I will not take part in ment. The purpose is to con- private or public in any ceremony of Resolved, That the Danish Evan- duct a communuity church with the Catholic Church or any other regelical Lutheran Church in America educational, social and recrea- ligion. in convention assembled fully en- tional features in connection dorses other church bodies and peace with the religious services. The Many mission schools have organizations in their efforts to se- church will seek affiliation with been closed and it is expected cure full publicity concerning the the Church of Christ in China. that, by the end of the present facts and forces of armaments, and The pastor is Rev. C. C. Hung, school year, the few remaining in their efforts to create an enlight- of Detroit, who has had experi- schools will close. ened public opinion against the out- ence in similar enterprises. rageous increases of current appro- Mr. Grubb found the followpriations for the war and navy de- Quarters will be selected ad- ing is a Socialist Lord's Prayer partments. . . . jacent to the Chinese residential being taught in one school: area. Subscriptions promise We condemn the traffic in arma- adequate finances for the year. Our Socialism which is on the earth, ments, the diversion of money from The few Christian Chinese are Respected be thy name; public funds to channels indirectly en- all behind the enterprise and are Thine influence come, larging the power of the military es- represented on its board of man- Thy will be done as in the cities so tablishments, the subtle basis of the agers. Many other resident militaristic setup and spirit in vari- Chinese have shown their in- in the fields. ous public activities such as R. O. terest. -Christian Advocate. Give us this day our daily bread, T. C. colleges, relief organizations, Do not pardon us if we pardon our and economic agencies of control, and the taking of excessive individual and enemies, corporate profits in the production of And lead us not into the hand of armaments. clergy, But deliver us from evil. Amen.

Anti-Race Discrimination Moravians in Alaska It is useless to contemplate sending more missionaries to Christians who believe with The Moravian Alaska Mission Mexico, but Mr. Grubb calls at~ the Apostle Peter that God is no is celebrating its jubilee this tention to the fact that as the respecter of persons must re- year. The most encouraging prayers of God's children turned joice in the action of Pennsyl- feature of the work has been the the tide in a similar situation in vania in passing its anti-race- eagerness to read, and learn the China so will prevail today discrimination bill. This law Bible on the part of the young prayer, and spiritual life canprovides that there shall be no people, the best proof being the not be destroyed by governments discrimination "because of race, frequent and intelligent ques- today. creed or color," in inns, taverns, tions they ask. Often the midroadhouses, hotels, restaurants, week services are entirely given Mexico's Women for buffets, saloons, barrooms, ice over to Bible readings. Eng- Temperance .cream parlors, confectionaries, lish is being used more and soda fountains, drugstores, dis- more; no new translations of the South of the Rio Grande, as pensaries, c 1i n i c s, hospitals, Bible were made by the Mora- north of it, the saloon or tavern bathhouses, theatres, motion-pic- vian Mission last year. is a focus of crime and delinture houses, airdromes, roof quency. Mexican pulque and gar den s, music halls, race -Bible Society Record. tequila are as cheap as beer and courses, skating rinks, amuse- wine in the United States. It is ment and recreation parks, fairs, LATIN AMERICA with real satisfaction that Presibowling all e y s, gymnasiums, dent Cardenas, of Mexico, welshooting galleries, billiard and Education in Mexic9 comes the women of his nation pool parlors, public libraries, in a fight against alcohol. "It is kindergartens, primary and sec- The new system of education up to them' more than anyone ondary schools, high schools, in Mexico is closely allied to its else to solve the problem," he academies, colleges and universi- religious life. By a recent said recently, "for the sake of ties, garages and all public con- amendment to the Constitution, their children and homes, and to veyances. This seems to cover "Socialist teaching" is obligatory see that their husbands and the ground pretty thoroughly. in all schools, including mission brothers make good use of the schools. Mr. Kenneth Grubb, money they earn. Women will -Presbyterian Tribune. who examined Government text- be gratified to know that they books prepared for primary schools, found them to be anti-

have undertaken a great work. prisoners throughout the world. "Christ-Believing Jews" In the case of extreme necessity," he warned, "I may even For the coming Christmas some For several years there has have to prohibit the manufacture been in Hungary a group of of intoxicating liquor, so that 25,000 English, and over 5,000 Jews who have never severed this work will not be in vain." their connection with their peo- The National Revolutionary foreign letters, each handwritten ple, but who, as Jews, believe Party is conducting a series of that Jesus of Nazareth is the radio programs against the and decorated and containing a Messiah promised in the Old traffic in strong drinks. Testament. The leader of this clear Gospel message, have al- group is Dr. Deszo Foldes, who Ecuador Nationalizes Churches is the president of the Hun- ready been prepared. Two garian Hebrew – Christian Al- A decree was issued on Oc- liance. He has just published a tober 15th· nationalizing Ecua- prisons in the United States each book in which he relates his exdorean churches. It was an- perience on entering the Chrisnounced that another dec r e e are to receive 5,000 letters; the tian life, and his later efforts to would be issued nationalizing the advance Christ's cause among clergy. total number sent to North his own people. Among the rea- sons given for the establishment In 1869 tithes on farm produce America is over 24,000, while of "The Union of Hungarian for the support of the Roman Christ-Believing Jews" are the Catholic Church were abolished, about 600 in Spanish go to following: and a tax was substituted. In 1902, civil marriage was per- South America. Weare Christ-believing Jews bemitted and two years later the cause we believe in Jesus Christ. Church was placed under State Letters in several languages With all the strength of our soul and control. with all conviction of mind, we be- are being prepared for India. lieve and confess that He, Jesus of Plans for Amazon Basin Nazareth, is the one who, in accord- There are also requests for sev- ance with the promises of God through The vastness of the Amazon the great and holy prophets of our basin, and the apparently un- eral hundred Christmas letters Jewish people, was to come, and, by limited possibilities of its future His own sacrifice, to save His own bedevelopment have engaged the for use by prison wardens in loved people as well as all other sinattention of missionary agencies. ful lost souls, from their condemna- . It is said that this basin could India. -The Christian. tion, the death of sin. support 500,000,000 people, so immense are its natural re- Italy Needs Help We call ourselves Christ-believing sources. It seems beyond ques- Jews because we are children of the tion that its development will The Spezia Mission in Italy Jewish people and remain so, for we come within a generation or two. scrupulously keeps outside all are not willed to loosen the ties of With such possibilities in mind, political and military questions. union with our Jewish brothers, but Presbyterian forces of Brazil Its hands are full caring for rather desire to cultivate and foster have been contemplating the in- souls in its many sided work. It these ties. We cannot see a solution auguration of an evangelical is anxious that in the present of the Jewish question except by spirwork along the river, in order to crisis the needs of orphaned chil- itual renaissance through acceptance gain the advantage of being on dren should not be forgotten. of the New Testament without the the scene from the beginning. The Girls' Orphanage has been surrender of Jewish individuality. The plan calls for the coopera- at work for more than half a tion of the Brazilian Presby- century, while an orphanage for -Alliance Weekly. terian Church and the Northern boys is nearing completion. and Southern Presbyterian mis- While Rome, using the political Evangelism in Norway sions joining in itinerary work crisis, is seeking to crush the that would carry the Gospel up Spezia Mission, the workers feel About twenty-five years ago and down the river by boat to that the present situation fur- a revival in Norway laid the the widely scattered communi- nishes a definite opportunity to foundations of the greater evanties. -Christian Observer. proclaim the cause of Christ to gelical and missionary z e a I the Italian people. shown by that country as com- EUROPE pared with the other two Scan- -The Christian. dinavian lands. Today a strong Christmas Letters for evangelical movement is in evi- Prisoners Campaign in Corsica dence, especially among the stu- dents. Two years ago a Swedish Great Britain has groups of The Camps and Tours Union evangelist set up a Gospel tent voluntary helpers engaged in has held a series of ten evan- in Oslo for a series of meetings, preparing Christmas letters to gelistic meetings in isolated and the demand for evangelist'ic mountain villages of the Island services has been so sustained of Corsica. So far as known, that he is still there. The people not one Protestant was present; hunger for the Gospel. the average attendance of 30 was entirely Roman Catholic. Nearly all the population (2,- French Testaments, Gospels and 649,775) belongs to the Lutheran tracts were accepted readily by all those present, most of whom had never seen a Bible. At one meeting the people asked for an explanation of the difference be- tween Catholic and Protestant belief. Personal talks, explana- 1:!ion of texts and prayer had definite results among those of every walk in life.

-Life of Faith.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Church, within which this evan- Rev. G. Guenod, which deserves Missionaries Help Ethiopia wider circulation. We quote: gelical movement finds its home. American missionary doctors The country is strongly Prot- The steamer which is taking and nurses are planning to reestant, having only 3,000 Roman us to the Cameroon made a stop main in Ethiopia, in case of war at Algiers and then at Casa- Catholics. Only 800,000 of the blanca. In the first named place with Italy, in order that they population of Norway live in we passed the Depot of the Brit- may aid the wounded and ill. cities. The country population ish Bible Society. In 1934 there is very scattered, the average were distributed and sold, copies Dr. Robert W. Hockman, a density being only twenty-two of the Bible and New Testaments medical missionary, is reported to the number of 66,614 copies. people to the square mile. recently to have left for the -The Christian. frontier with five tons of Ethio- pian Red Cross supplies, includ- This work employs seven colpor- ing operating tables, stretchers AFRIOA teurs, both among Europeans and tents. He was accompanied and natives. The agency in Al- by Dr. Malaku Bayen, Ethiopian Changes Under Way giers is able to supply the Word husband of the daughter of the Nothing that is happening in of God in nearly 60 different President of Howard Univer- Egypt, and, in fact, in all Mos- languages. sity, Washington, and 100 native lem countries, seems more sig- Casablanca is a prodigious assistants. nificant than men's awakening city which was not in existence Dr. Tom A. Lambie, field dito the desirability of educating before 1907! It contains so rector of the Ethiopian Mission, women for a place in society many things to see, among them a part of the Sudan Interior Missimilar to that in the West. "Bidonville," the "zone," the sion with headquarters in To- Arabic papers frequently pub- name of which indicates its mis- ronto, is organizing the Red lish articles on the subject, some erable appearance. of which have been translated Cross. Dr. Esther Bergman into English. At a Rotary Club "ladies night" recently in Cairo Contrary to appearances about and Dr. Tesla Nicola, both of Los there were several Mohammedan 10,000 Moslems swarm about the Angeles, and other missionary members present, including the place. Our arrival was marked doctors, will convert their hospresident of the club; but not by the Aid-el-Kebir, the great pitals into institutions for war one Mohammedan lady came day of the "mutton feast." wounded. American w 0 men with her husband. The example Every family kills a sheep, and have also volunteered their servset by the Palace, where the everywhere from u n d e r the ices in making bandages and Queen is kept in complete se- doors of the little yards flow splints. clusion so far as mixed com- little streams of blood which feed pany is concerned, tends to keep the ill-smelling mud of the Foreigners in Addis Ababa back the older leaders of the streets. This does not prevent (pronounced A'ddis A'hwahwa) community from following new the crowd from strutting about fear air raids and gas attacks social ways. in magnificent holiday attire. It most; except for a few anti- happens to be at the same time aircraft guns, the capital is un- -Wilbert B. Smith. the Jewish Sabbath. prepared for such attacks. Few are equipped with gas masks The Gospel Welcomed At the "House of the Bible" which an enterprising German we had the good fortune to meet merchant is selling at $40 each. The Church Missionary So- Mr. Dugald Cam p bell, the ciety reports a marked change in The British Legation, which is Omdurman, Egyptian Sudan, in Scotch colporteur of the desert. on a full wartime footing and is the attitude to Christianity. For more than thirty years he equipped with subterranean dug- There is a growing interest and outs; the German Legation has readiness to listen, evidenced by has been traversing the Sudan bomb-proof shelters but the the large attendance at meet- and the Sahara in every direc- United States Legation has no ings where the speakers included tion. He is particularly inter- such protection. an Armenian, an American, an Egyptian, an Englishman and a ested in the Tuaregs and has French Government Donation Sudanese. Simple Christian teaching is welcomed in the hos- written about them and his After the aeroplane accident pitals, although not a few draw trips some gripping stories. in Congo BeIge, which cost the back when they realize what is lives of Governor General and involved in an open acceptance Mr. Campbell was just about Madame Renard, the French of Christ. -Life of Faith. Government acknowledged the to start on a new tour. It takes service rendered by Baptist Mis- him about two years and a half. sionaries at Bolobo and Tshum- He needs to buy eight or nine biri by sending a donation to- camels on which he will load his small parcels and hundreds of kilos of Gospels (which are pub- The Bible in North Africa lished in his own Targui trans- ward the work of these stations. lation). He is always in danger After paying the costs in- The Journal des Missions of a bullet from a fierce, but un- curred, the missionaries plan to Evangeliques publishes a letter seen Chleuh, but the cover of apply the money toward ur- gently needed new buildings-at from one of its missionaries, the God will protect him.

Bolobo, new classrooms for Ayia Sofia, is to be turned into a zation. An Indian lady from teacher training and girls' dor- public library. Lucknow has been elected chairmitory, and at Tshumbiri improvement of missionary dwell- Persia Makes Radical Changes man of the united organization. ings. -Southern Workman. Three Indian delegates were sent In addition to other changes Another Jubilee Offering in Iran has come the introduc- to the World's Student Christian tion of music (forbidden by the Federation, which met in Bul- From the chief and oldest Koran) with military bands and garia last August. While angrandmother to the youngest singing taught in schools. Relichild, everybody helped to make gious leaders have been stripped other contact is with the newly bricks, bringing timber from 30 of old perquisites, such as the organized Student Christian miles and sand from five miles right to witness all deeds for fat away to build an addition to the fees, the control of the huge Movement of Java when four church at Qanqu, South Africa, lands and possessions of the representatives of the Indian and thus worthily celebrate the church, and the right to inter- movement visited Java last Augchurch's fiftieth anniversary. fere in political affairs. Many Seventeen hundred people at- who have protested the change ust. India is also looking fortended the opening service, 700 have been imprisoned or exiled. ward with great interest to the of them communicants. Besides visit of the American Negroes the offering, a special gift was Marriageable age for girls has also been raised from nine to six- who are planning to tour most of teen, and the consent of the first the important student centers in India, Burma and Ceylon in the coming winter.

-The Christian Century.

presented to the Bishop, includ- wife is required before a second Revolt Against Hinduism ing seven oxen and several sheep, can be taken. Modern schools 400 pounds of potatoes, 200 have been established for girls The Associated Press reports pounds of sugar and several as well as boys; moving pictures that on October 15th ten thoupounds of tea. The Bishop gave are used in government schools; sand "untouchables" revolted all this back to the people and and policemen have been ordered against Hinduism by resolution a grand feast followed. The to tear up every old style hat after they had been addressed by building fund was sec u red they see. Recently the leading Dr. Ramji Ambedkar, at a meetchiefly by the Bishop of Aber- mosque in Hamadan was com- ing of the depressed classes at deen, after his visit to South mandeered by the department of Nasik. education, and the dome was Dr. Ambedkar urged them to Africa a few years ago. used for the suspension of a abandon Hinduism and adopt WESTERN ASIA Foucalt's pendulum, showing the "any other religion which gives Changes in Turkey revolution of the earth on its you equality of status and treat- axis, thus proving that the world ment." He continued: "I had the misfortune to be born with The Moslem W 0 r l d (New does move-in more ways than the stigma of the untouchable, York) reports that further rad- one. -The Presbyterian. ical changes are taking place in but it is not my fault. I will not Turkey. Bahaism Under Fire die a Hindu."

The new Parliament proposes to Iran is using governmental His audience heard the adtransfer the weekly day of rest from authority to suppress Bahaism, dress with marked enthusiasm.

Friday to Sunday. Primarily this is one of the greatest of peace or- Practical Christianity a change due to commercial, and not ganizations. This sect, perseto religious reasons. Money and time cuted in Turkey, found freedom Ten boys from a mission are lost on the Continental Bourse by in Iran, the land of their birth, school in North India put their Constantinople being closed on ,Fri- but an official proclamation has Christianity into effect during days. At the same time the change is now closed their schools. The the hot season by providing railworking to the advantage of the reason for this persecution is way passengers with drinks of Christian, and is another blow to the that their spiritual leader peti- cold water. They also helped old Moslem. However hard it may be for tioned the League of Nations to men and women, some of whom Christians in Turkey today, their secure for them the right to elect had never traveled before and position is in no way so difficult or a representative at the Persian were glad to have cheery lads distressing as that of Islam. Out- Parliament. help them with their bundles. wardly at least, Islam is crumbling. -United Presbyterian. These same boys, during an The Muezzins are forbidden to call to prayer from the minarets in Arabic; epidemic of malarial fever, went into the villages and distributed it must be in Turkish. But the call quinine, encouraged people to brings no general response; the old keep their bodies clean and to take other health precautions. In imam's voice, breaking on a top note, INDIA AND SIAM only calls forth mocking laughter. Student Christian Movement Ayia Sofia (formerly a Christian Church and then a mosque) has been The Student Christian Movereopened as a museum. The great ment of India is entering upon a discs bearing the names of the first four Khalifs and other like decora- new phase of its history, as it some places they showed lantern tions of a Moslem character have been removed and the old atmosphere has has been found possible to unify slides which suggested ways of gone. It is rumored that the mosque the men students' and the wom- maintaining good health.

of the Sultan Achmed, the one nearest en movements into one organi- -The Christian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Toward Christian Unity Learning to Live In and Around Malacca Dr. E. Stanley Jones is setting Rural reconstruction is mak- The missionary history of up in Lucknow a new ashram, ing headway in Burma. The for the special study of service Malacca (Malaysia) contains the and evangelism. He is an ear- Methodist Anglo – Vernacular names of three famous men. nest advocate of Christian unity, School has a rural bias in its cur- St. Francis Zavier worked there riculum. Boarding pupils pay and would combine all Christians 20 baskets of rice annually for for some time, and stories of his in one "Church of Christ in miraculous power are still cur- India," with many "branches"- their board, and do outside man- rent among his followers. Milne Syrian, Lutheran, Methodist, ual work certain hours. Weav- ing, carpentry and the like are started the Anglo-Chinese Col- Friends, etc., each branch keep- lege in Malacca toward the end ing for the present its old or- additional. Girls are instructed ganization. Over all would be in poultry raising. In the dor- of the 18th century. It was later an All-India General Assembly mitories, the students practice moved to China. Robert Moror Synod, meeting at long inter- housekeeping in groups, buying rison set up his first printing vals, the National Christian and preparing the meals on one press in Malacca, and there his Council acting as an executive rupee a week. first translations of the Bible committee. At Chaungwa is an S. P. G. into Chinese were printed. Shel- -Christian Advocate. rural center which is similar in labear Hall commemorates the aim and method. Literary work Methodist pioneers in this field, Dr. and Mrs. Shellabear. Mrs.

Telugu Convention is done at both schools and the Shellabear founded the Suydam manual training appears to In Bezwada, India, was held make the pupils more alert. Girls' School, and the boarding recently the great Telugu Con- school which accommodates 100 vention, which was attended by -Burma News. girls. more than twenty thousand native Christians, saved from A Problem in Siam Malacca has a Tamil congreheathenism. A huge structure was built for the occasion. The Dr. Barnhouse, writing in gation and one for the Hokien delegates slept on the ground. Revelation, after a recent visit, Chinese. Daily Vacation Bible Their wants were few-a little tells us that the Siamese have a rice and curry. REVIEW readers tendency to accept Christianity Schools are conducted in eight are familiar with the beginnings by households. Families are so outlying districts, as well as in of this work among the Telugus bound together that if any indi- -how for years no opening was vidual considers becoming a Malacca. One new outstation Christian, it is a matter for the has been opened recently, also a new Sunday School in Malacca.

-Woman's Missionary Friend.

gained, until some Boards were household to settle. He goes to CHINA on the point of recalling their his parents, his brothers and workers. At last the break Missions and Philanthropy came, and 2,222 were baptized sisters, and even households of Cooperate in a single day. Since then the cousins are consulted, so that work has steadily developed. The Spirit of Missions gives a when a man becomes a Chris- striking example of cooperation -Alliance Weekly. tian, frequently his whole house- between a mission hospital and hold is brought in, and some- a benevolent society. This was In the Assam Hills in Anking, where not long ago a times two or three collateral crowd of forlorn women and Rev. W. G. Supplee, Baptist households. This explains one children, driven in by famine worker in Assam, reports that from outlying farms and vilchurch membership is growing of the great difficulties that has lages, invaded the city, grabbed faster than it can be cared for. been prevalent in the work of the wheels of jinrikishas and At the present time the Christian membership of the churches the schools. A student from a non-Christian home who comes under the influence of Christian- ity, and who perhaps really has among the Serna Nagas is well become a Christian at heart, will pulled at coat sleeves, begging over 5,000; the past year 800 were added. The Association of consult his parents before con- food. the Christians of one section of sidering baptism. More often Anking has a group of Chinese than not, permission will be rethe field was held at Alaphumi, business men who call thema village 100 miles from Kohima. fused, and the student will obey selves a "Fellow Benevolence the parents. There have been Society." They are not all There were 4,400 people there. many cases where, years after Christians. When this invasion The Gospel of Mark is the only graduation, students have writ- took place, a committee of the part of the Scriptures available ten to their former teachers say- society went through the streets ing that parents having died, or after midnight and picked up all in the Serna Naga.

The missionary motorcycle other obstacles having been re- the children between six and traveled over 1,000 miles on the moved, they have decided pub- twelve years who were sleeping paths of the Naga Hills, Assam, licly to become a Christian. on doorsteps in the rain-139 of during the past year. Through the years they have them.

-Watchman-Examiner. continued their Bible reading. The men's society then ap-

pealed to St. James' Hospital in ference held recently at Kuling, hundred centers the Chinese Anking. The staff got into ac- Central China. Nanking Theo- Government is offering treattion and vaccinated for small- logical Seminary expects to re- ment for addicts of the drug and pox; scrubbed, dosed, treated, ceive about $3,000,000 from the before the end of 1935 all are redressed wounds, shaved heads Wendel estate, all of which will quired to report for treatment. and deinfested. The mission's be reinvested and the income Those who are discovered using religious education workers took used in augmenting the equip- drugs after they have been turns going over to teach tooth- ment and personnel of theolog- treated will be subject to five brushing, handscrubbing, and ical schools the country over. years' imprisonment; those who other pleasant "games"; also are compelled by force to submit put up posters from the Chinese As a first step toward reduc- to treatment and then relapse National Health Administration. ing the number of theological will be put to death. Beginning Pupil nurses took up a collection schools in the Gountry in the in- next year all persons found using to buy 139 toothbrushes and terests of greater efficiency of narcotics will be given five years' drinking cups. operation, nine institutions-in- imprisonment, and after that cluding four union theological year the penalty will- be death. More Trouble in China colleges, three union theological training schools and two post- -Christian Advocate. Dr. Susan Waddell, an Amer- graduate schools of theologyican Presbyterian Medical Mis- have been singled out to receive JAPAN-CHOSEN sionary who went out to China direct financial assistance from in 1921 and later married a Chi- the Wendel bequest. Hokkaido Calls nese Christian, Hsu Shih-chu, was murdered (probably by rob- -Dayton News. There has been both material bers) in Hanking on October and spiritual progress in Hok- 14th. Bandit Invasion kaido since the first C. M. S. missionary settled there in 1874, Dr. Waddell was born in Iowa The Missionstidning for Fin- the diamond jubilee having been and served as missionary doctor land publishes the following celebrated last year. In the at Cheeloo University, Tsinan, telegram from ones of its mis- early days the Japanese re- Shantung. sionaries: garded Hokkaido almost as J. foreign country-the land of the Another despatch from China Aug. 29 the Mission Society Ainu. Today, Hakodate is the on October 8th says: received a telegram from Pastor ninth city in the empire, the Meeder in China containing the agricultural college at Sapporo Twenty-eight missionaries, in- distressing news that the entire has become an imperial univercluding fourteen Americans, be- mission field was occupied by sity, and nearly every part of gan a hazardous 600-mile Yellow communistic bandit troops. All the island is accessible by rail. River flight from Chinese Com- the missionaries are safe. The munists, as they began to move government troops were re- By degrees, the Christian nearer to Lanchow, in Kansu ported in command of the situa- Church has spread over the Province, from Szechwan. tion over the whole field early in island. Well educated Japanese July. The society had learned clergy now have full charge of The Christians were heading that Yungshuen, the most west- their districts. But missionaries for Paotow and thence for ern of its mission stations, had have been reduced in number so Peiping. , fallen into the hands of bandits. that there has been no marked This deprives the mission for increase in the number of Chris- Wendel Bequest at Work the present of the opportunity tians, although the population to continue its work in China. has trebled. There are the large Missionary leaders in Shang- It is all the more discouraging, centers, cities of over 150,000, hai say that the Wendel bequest since after great trials endured inadequately occupied; and vast of millions to the missionary during recent years, the Society untouched areas in outlying cause in China is bringing coop- was beginning to see the dawn areas. Of the 15,000 Ainu proberation among the Christian of better days. The Finnish Mis- ably five or six hundred are agencies at work. Gradually, sion Society deserves the prayer- Christians.-C. M. S. Outlook. they predict, foreign mission- ful sympathy of all Christians in aries in China will be supplanted this new affliction. "Retreat" at Chungju by Chinese pastors whose education will have been made pos- End of Drug Traffic by 1937 Some lights and shadows in sible by the Wendel millions. Korea are given in a letter from Dr. John R. Mott declares that Rev. Harry J. Hill, Presbyterian A far-reaching program for for the first time he feels that missionary in Pyengyang. "A the coordination of all Protestant the drug evil in China is under fifteen-year-old g i r 1, meeting theological schools in China control. General Chiang Kai- with the session in preparation under the leadership of the Nan- shek is determined to "stamp it for communion, was asked by a king Theological Seminary, ac- out" as is shown in a report of Korean elder: 'What is your tual beneficiary of the Wendel the National Opium Suppression moneys, was tentatively ap- Commission. At more than six proved by the heads of the various schools concerned at a con-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

greatest sorrow?' I~ tears she Solomon Island Christians go from. jungle villages, where replied: 'The unbelIef of my life is primitive and religion father.' This father had once The Evangelical Christian crudely animistic, to jungle vilbeen a church officer, but had lage schools and churches – so lapsed, while his family re- says of the Solomon Islands: simple and crude as scarcely to mained faithful. "The outstanding characteristic of the native Church in the Sol- seem such at all-thence to town "Another little Korean girl omons is their acceptance of the churches of beauty where real whose father, though professing Bible as the inspired Word of fellowship in worship may be ex- Christianity had sold her to be- perienced, and finally to the come a da'ughter-in-Iaw in a God, and their application of it heathen home, led her h~sband to their own lives. The Bible center at Medan where excellent ana mother-in-law to ChrIst. becomes their rule of life, and is schools for boys and for girls are conducted and where, in a b~a':l­ "Over 130 Koreans and 18 always the final court of appeal." tiful church building, worshIp IS missionaries recently held. a One of the native teachers had conducted in four different lan- Bible study retreat at ChungJu. guages for that polyglot city. For some years there has been two children, who died within friction between nor t hand Here one sees the entire range south but in this Retreat, a one week. Much to the amazespirit' of love and reconciliation ment of the heathen, who could of missionary activity from the were clearly manifest. There not understand that a Christian early approach to the jungle was earnest Bible study and a wonderful spirit of prayer sorrows not as those without dwellers on up to the self-reamong the Koreans." hope, this teacher went on w~th specting and largely self-sup- his daily work. They asked hIm ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC porting church and school work why he and his wife were not wailing as the heathen do. He in the city centers, as a pano- told them of the Father's house rama of what the Gospel can do.

with many mansions, and of the -FRANK T. CARTWRIGHT sure and certain hope he had of in Christian Advocate. , seeing his children again.

World's Smallest Kingdom To the missionary he said with Evangelism in the Philippines a smile: "You know that verse, Tonga is one of the smalle~t 'And God shall wipe away all E. K. Higdon, Executive Seckingdoms in the world and .IS tears from their eyes'? God has retary of the Philip~ine. Nathe only independent country III done that for me already." tional Christian CouncIl,. IS ac- the Pacific. It is located 400 M. 1. M. in Australia customed to write a ~etalled r~­ miles southeast of Fiji, and 36 port of each field trIp. In hIS of its many islands are inhabited, The Methodist Inland Mission latest report he says: the total population being about is doing for the settlers of West 29,000. The people are Poly- I am increasingly convinced of. the nesians, closely akin to ~al!103;ns and North Australia what "cir- value of educational eva~gehsm. and Hawaiians. ChrIstIamty cuit riders" in America did for Anyone with a degree of skIll as a was introduced by British Meth- the frontiersmen a century ago. public speaker and with a knowledg.e odists in 1826. of mob psychology can secu~e .decI- In two immense areas, which sions in mass meetings. But It IS an The Tonga Church has sent have a sparse population of entirely different story to meet young pioneer workers to Fiji and people one by one, or in sma!l gr~>u~s Samoa, to New Bri!ain and the miners, cattlemen and sheep- with the purpose of an~werlll:g mdl- Solomon Islands. SIxty per cent herders the mission has ten or- vidual questions and dealmg WIth p.erof the Tongans belong to the sonal problems. The plan of sp~ndm.g "Free We s ley a n Church," dained workers. With the help three or four hours each day m prd: of automobiles they cover large vate or small group <:onferen!!es an formed by the union of two one hour in the pubhc meetmg h!l-s fields otherwise cut off from civ- proved fairly satisfact.ory. We dldsbranches of Methodism effected ilizing influences. Roads are cuss any vital questIOn presente , mere tracks; trains on the few such as: railways run on weekly or biin 1924, and affiliated with the weekly schedules. Schools and How may I continue my e.ducatio?? Methodist Church of Australasia. hospitals are rare. Heat and What openings are there m ManIla The church is self-supporting, drought make living conditions although its income has been re- hard. Airplanes carry the mails; for a work student? Is there any future for a young man in the fishing industry?

duced by more than 50 per cent camels are used for transport. Would you advise me. to., stud?, in the past few years. The The Mission's monthly bulletin, nursing? Home economICS. Agn- Tongans are noted for their The Methodist Inland Link, gives eagerness for an education and one a new sense of the vastness culture? Tubou College trains young peo- of Australia. ple to serve Church and State. How should I make love? Religious and academic training -The Christian Advocate. is supplemented by work on What are the bases for a happy plantations. The Gospel Panorama married life? -Missionary Review In Sumatra one may see al- (kustralia) . most the entire story of Chris- Give us some methods of birth con- tian missionary effort. One may trol. ., How may I keep my mind clean.

How may I overcome temptation?

It is natural for young people to have sexual desires. What is wrong about satisfying them promiscuously?

Is the Roman Catholic Church the sinia, liquor and drugs, gam- faith movements and condemning in- original church? bling, the economic situation, the fluences stifling individual religious churches and the totalitarian liberties; Was Luther justified in starting the state, the freedom of conscience, Protestant Church? evangelism, education and Chris- 2. To demand justice in human re- tian unity. The convention de- lations by presenting facts free from Is there a judgment? plored "the revival of anti- prejudice; semitism, the denial of funda- Mr. Higdon reports that there mental human rights to men and 3. To interpret public affairs has been a marked change dur- women because of race and through an editorial policy of coning the last four or five years in color." Apprehension was ex- structiveness; the type of question asked by pressed at "the growing menace students regarding life work. of the liquor and drugs traffic." 4. To suppress crime by punishing Now, they are more interested criminals and supporting mental hyin earning a living than in be- The next Disciples' World gienic education that will avert crimcoming lawyers or professors. Convention will be held in Tor- inal-producing, nervous complexes onto, in 1940. among children; MISOELLANEOUS -The Christian Century. 5. To sponsor open forum columns Armenian Bible 1,500 Years where readers may present diverse Old The Jew and Ohrist views on controversial subjects; Catholicos Papken, of Antel- Claude Montefiore, England's 6. To give greater space to reliias, Syria, writes: outstanding Reformed Jew, de- gious features that emphasize inter- clares that the Christ of Scrip- faith cooperation; According to the tradition of the ture has a greater appeal for the ancient Armenian Church, Christian- modern Jew than a Unitarian 7. To encourage civic conditions ity was introduced into Armenia be- Christ. "The Jew," he says, conducive to improving public phystween 60 and 66 A. D. by the Apostles "cannot find God in a man. ical and mental health; Thaddeus and Bartholomew. It was God's righteousness, God's goodproclaimed the State religion in 301- ness, God's love are to him in- 8. To sponsor charity for all who 302. Armenia was divided into two comparable with man's, because, need it, but to insist that charity be sections in the 5th century and since even if he cannot understand distinct from political patronage; and Syriac (the Persian language) dom- how, the Jew always conceives inated one section, and Greek the them as so infinitely deeper, 9. To support vigorously those other, the unity of the Church was wider, wiser and more pure than highly important principles of harendangered. As a result it was de- man's righteousness, goodness monious international relations seekcided fifteen hundred years ago (436- and love. That is why, I sup- ing to supplant war with permanent 37) to translate the Bible into Arme- pose, he is unable to call any peace and amity. nian, the common laJ!g'uage of the man his Master. That is also people. As this had not been reduced perhaps why the Jew, if and Religion as it applies to human reto writing, the preparation of an when he does in honesty aban- lations involves these nine points: Armenian alphabet was necessary. don Judaism, can more easily freedom of worship, justice, construc- The period that immediately followed become an orthodox Christian tiveness, crime control, open discusis called "The Golden Age of Ar- than a Unitarian." sion, interfaith concord, hygiene, charmenia." Seven hundred years later, ity and amity. in one province (Sunik), there were -The Hibbert Journal. 10,000 manuscript copies of the Bible -The Churchman. and in all Armenia there were 150,000 The Press and Religion Biblical manuscripts-all translations Sunday School Teachers' Debt from the Septuagint. Horace D. Crawford, editor of the Indianapolis New s, and An instructor in Boston Uni- The American Bible Society is teacher of journalism in Frank- versity School of Religious Eduplanning to commemorate the lin College, believes that news- cation asserts that every Sunday 1500th anniversary of the first papers may serve religion in school teacher should pay $1,000 translation of the Armenian other ways than by printing toward Christian work for the Bible, and Catholicos Khoren I, church notices. Said he: "Edi- privilege of teaching the Bible in of Armenia, has issued a call to tors, like many others, fre- any well organized Sun day all Armenians to celebrate this quently believe religion is more school. Here is his logic: It is important event. deeply concerned with the way worth $250 to acquire a pure people live than with their par- English vocabulary, such as any Disciples Take a Stand ticular beliefs. I believe that habitual Bible student will ac- newspapers serve the cause of quire. The habit of careful, Last August more than 800 religion when they strive for the systematic study is worth $250 Disciples, from all quarters of following objectives: more; and still another $250 the earth, joined with more than represents the value of prac- 1,200 members of the Churches 1. To fight for the maintenance of ticing the precepts of the Bible of Christ in Great Britain and constitutional rights of free worship which lengthens one's life. Fi- Ireland, to hold the second world and expression by commending inter- nally, $250 is owed by the convention of the Disciples of teacher who develops h i g h Christ in Leicester, England. moral ideals, consistent with ac- Resolutions adopted included ceptance of Bible teachings. declarations on race relations, peace and war, Italy and Abys- -United Church Record.

God, give us sense,-God-sense of life's new needs, A nd souls aflame with new-born chivalries- To cope with those black growths that foul the ways,- To cleanse our poisoned founts with God-born energies.

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I Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Foreign Mission Enterprise and quate message. (2) There are of nearly 100 years to work in Its Sincere Critics. By Cleland B. objections to the present mis- Asia and who delight to travel McAfee. 8 vo. 190 pp. $1.50. sionary enterprise and its rela- in unfrequented and dangerous Revell. New York. 1935. tion to governments and non- ways, among brigands, in peril, Christian cultures and religions, toil and pain, not merely for the The work of foreign missions the treatment of native converts thrill of new experiences but to and the churches on the field. pioneer for Christ. They are has been under fire from critics (3) Other criticisms relate to British members of the China ever since Jonah went to Nine- methods and results on the field, Inland Mission and two of them the use of non-Christian teach- have spent over a quarter of a veh. There are critics and ers, dependence on subsidies, re- century in northwest China and critics-those who object to the liance on governmental protec- the deserts of M 0 n g 0 I i a. tion, lack of unity and the few- "Through Jade Gate" has been claims of Christ and the Chris- ness and weakness of converts. likened to Homer's Odyssey. It tian message; those who claim (4) He considers other criti- is as fascinating as the voyage cisms relating to home boards, of Captain Cook. that non-Christian religions are overhead expense and complex good enough and that heathen machinery. Even well-informed, Anyone who enjoys adventurdo not want anything different; idealistic students of missions ous travels will have a thrill in may not always agree with Dr. reading these journals (1928 to those who criticize the mission- McAfee in his diagnosis and 1932). Those who are interary personnel, the expense, the remedies but every fair-minded, ested in carrying the Gospel of intelligent reader will be im- Christ to the uttermost parts of methods and the administration; pressed with the author's hon- the earth will find here stimulus others object to the unsatisfac- esty and Christian views in har- for faith and courage and loyalty mony with New Testament to Jesus Christ. tory results abroad or to the neg- ideals. Many of the points lect of "heathen" at home. There raised might be dealt with much Living Triumphantly. By Kirby are critics who see only faults more fully-such as the place of Page. 304 pages. $2.00. Farrar and are deaf and blind to all evi- evangelism, the dan g e r s of & Rinehart. New York. 1934. dence in favor of missions and "modernism," the objections to others who are friendly critics expensive institutionalism and This is the author's companion seeking only to improve per- the problems of union work- volume to "Living Creatively" but every candid critic who is a which the Hazen Foundation sonnel and methods and to bring believer in Christ and is in sym- ranked first among 436 books the work into closer harmony pathy with His mission in the considered as being the most with New Testament ideals. world will be greatly helped and helpful to college students on the encouraged by this statement of subject of religion. Dr. McAfee has studied mis- the unshakable foundations on sions at home and on the field which Christian missions rests The author's pur p 0 s e is for fifty years, as teacher, pas- as a victorious and divine enter- stated: "To be teamed-Up with tor, lecturer, traveler and execu- prise. God in seeking to banish pain tive secretary of the Presby- and strife and misery is the terian Board of Foreign Mis- A Desert Journal. By Evangeline highest privilege that can come sions. He does not claim that French, Mildred Cable and Fran- to any man." From an extensive the work is above criticism but cesca French. Illus. 12 mo. $2.00. tabulation of scientists he shows China Inland Mission. Philadelphia clearly that science has not as gives clear, frank and convinc- and Toronto. 1935. yet overthrown the spiritual ining answers to some of the criti- terpretation of the universe. cisms he has heard from men Adventure and physical en- durance are usually linked with With the thesis of his book and women who believe in Christ youth. Here are three elderly thoroughly established, the auand His Gospel but who object women who have given a total thor then proceeds to the followto the way the work is conducted. ing eight definite methods for The list of over fifty definite the transformation of personal- ity and society: criticisms is an evidence of the author's vital contacts wit h many conscientious objectors.

Among the criticisms are those that have to do with (1) the missionaries – their arrogance, their aims, their lack of understanding, defects of habits and character and their inade- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[557 ]

1. Intensify the Vividness of the Ideal. sis of these great themes. He undertakes to point out some of 2. Probe to the Roots of the Present Economic Order. tells what are God's methods of its glories by comparing it to the producing in us purity of hearts, Grand Canyon. 3. Struggle to Supplant Capitalism. shows the difference between Such Grand Canyons he finds 4. Strive to Abolish War. 5. Refuse to Sanction or to Partici- "peace with God," and "the in different stages of history, as, pate in Any War Among Nations peace of God," and at the end, for example, in the life of our or Between Classes. he shows a sympathetic and ef- own nation, "which, in 1789, 6. Seek to Uproot Racial Enmity and kicked off England's heavy and fective understanding with sin- Exploitation. cere souls seeking more power. suffocating taxation covers and 7. Take Time for Worship.

8. Live with Joyous and Triumphant These blessed gifts of grace and cooed in a cradle oft rocked by Abandon. experiences of the truly saved, stormy winds."

The sections on "War" and are what are greatly needed in In twelve chapters rich in "Worship" are perhaps the best. pulpit and pew today. Grand Canyon phraseology, Dr.

Mr. Page points out that war is The language is beautifully Lee takes up the several verses not caused primarily by the clear, the paragraphs stand out of the chapter under considera- "fighting instinct" or by the so- like the lobes of an orange, and tion. One marvels at his rhecalled "mad-dog nation." Most the book is well printed with torical versatility and at the of his readers, however, will not large type. FRANK LUKENS. same time admires his loyalty to agree wi,th him that the first the Scriptures and the deep step toward peace is to "abolish A Grand Canyon of Resurrection evangelical fervor which perthe system of private property Realities. By Robert G. Lee, D.D., vades page after page of this exas the chief means of produc- LL.D. $1.00. 172 pp. Wm. B. traordinary book. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand J. R. S.

tion and distribution." A defi- Rapids, Mich. 1935. South China Folk. By Mary Brewster nite attack on capitalism is a distinct strain throughout the book. This book embodies the studies Hollister $1.25. 141 pp. Revell. The unique and most helpful of the twentieth chapter of New York. 1935. part of the volume is the an- John's Gospel by the eloquent Another book by Mrs. Hollisthology of one hundred daily pastor of the Bellevue Baptist ter! One hundred forty pages readings on the main thoughts Church, Memphis, Tenn. in good-sized type, full of the set forth in the early part of the Dr. Lee recognizes the human spirit as well as fact of the counbook. On the who I e, this limitation of thought and speech try always so warmly interthought – provoking discussion in any attempt to adequately preted by this author. Adults leaves one convinced that to live describe one of the great chap- will enjoy reading it with chiltriumphantly one must follow ters of the Word of God. BatHed dren and even young people will the brave and unselfish way of as he believes himself to be, he find excellent material here. HOWARD A. ADAIR. inquires, "Who, by word and by There is the frequent sparkle of Christ. pen, by sermon and by song, by Chinese humor, the steadiness The Sufficiency of the Cross. By W. painting and by philosophy, can of patience, the pathos of aspira- W. Marlin. 12 mo. 1s. net. Pick- explore all the corners of this ering & Inglis, London. 1935. vast continent of Scripture? One tion, and a delightful sketching of personalities. One regrets These are Keswick addresses, had as well hope to haul to the that the first two chapters are therefore they are sure to be threshing machines in a wheel- quite unconnected with the rest biblical, searching and convert- barrow in one day all the wheat of the book though there is, in ing. Let every reader give trib- grown on a Kansas prairie as to Chapter 2, definite background ute to the mighty effort of Kes- expect to place within the limits for the ensuing story. The book wick, like the springs in the hills, of one book all the marvelous is neither profound nor great; upon the finest Christian life of truths of this chapter. One had there are rather too many Chi- England, A mer i c a, and the as wisely expect to put in a one- nese expressions and also too world – for over fifty years. acre garden all the flowers that much repetition of religious These addresses embody truths bloom in America as to expect phrases, but the interest is lively, which have become increasingly to write with pen and print on the pictures vivid and the imreal to the author and have paper an adequate description of pression fully worth the couple brought peace and power to all the glorious truths in this of hours spent in reading. The many. chapter. One had as well hope coming of light into a far-off vil- The four chapters concern to put all the diamonds and lage simply through a little girl four truths that are like stars of rubies in the world in the and the innkeeper's wife, with the first magnitude. "Pardon thimble of a seamstress as to ex- the help of a mission school in a through the Blood of the Cross," pect to give in anyone book an neighboring city, and some and then "Purity," "Peace," and adequate appraisal of all the friendly cooperation, convince "Power," also through the blood. Scriptural wealth of this chap- the innkeeper that he was right This is not present-day specula- ter." However, though confess- when he said, "We obey the tion, but exposition. The author ing that his "mental tent can Heaven-Father, and then He marched calmly and confidently cover only a small corner of this will bless us." through his illuminating analy- vast scriptural continent," he MARY W. HUMPHREY HADLEY.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Use of Material from China's lowship in the consciousness of the ineffective humanism of Spiritual Inheritance in the Chris- pardoned sin, imparted life and their long history. tian Education of Chinese Youth. perfect provision. By Warren Horton Stuart, Ph.D., Limits of space do not permit Kwang Hsueh Publishing House, That more use than in the of detailed specifications. Shanghai. 1932. $2.50. past should be made of China's great ethical inheritance – per- C. H. FENN. The book is a dissertation presented at Yale University for haps the greatest in the world Hot Hearted. By F. I. Codrington. the degree of Doctor of Philos- apart from Christianity-and of Illus. 12 mo. 111 pp. 2 8. Church ophy, the theme having been what she possesses of the spir- of England Z. M.. S. London. 1935. itual in her early, unique, simple chosen with a definite purpose worship of a personal Heaven, Christ offers to women the' to provide "a guide and source greatest hope for liberty and ad.. book for Christian teachers in and in her emphasis on a benev- vancement. Moslem, H i n d u , China." As a "source book," olence among men which some- Buddhist and pagan women have times approaches the Christian little to hope for in this world or Dr. R. S. Smith, of Yale, says idea of Love, is certainly true, the next. Here we have eight truly, in his Introduction, "Dr. stories that show what Christ and Dr. Stuart's dissertation has done for Chinese women and Stuart has brought to his task a should serve a very useful pur- how Christian faith and life are brilliant and ingenious mind and pose in that regard, both in the helping to bring about new and the competence of a well-trained better social conditions. Mrs. hands of the Christian teacher, Ahok, a little Chinese lady of scholar and workman." Born Chinese or foreign, and in those rank, a Christian with "lily feet," and bred in China and for years of the intelligent seeker after came to England in 1890 to plead a missionary, he possesses spe- Truth. The Chi n e s e unac- for her sisters in China who were cial equipment for the task, evi- quainted with English, however, still "under the power of the idols," Mrs. Chitnio Ling was a dently a labor of love. As a will be in less danger than the Chinese girl, born in a heathen "guide," however, one's com- English reader of the book, of family, who attended the Chinese mendation of Dr. Stuart's work drawing the conclusion that, in Girls' School in Singapore and then went to China as a Christian must reluctantly be tempered her "Three Religions," China al- missionary. They are all inspirwith the caution that a sym- ready possesses so nearly all ing sketches that reveal the purpathetic translator from a for- that Christianity offers, that he pose and power of the Gospel of eign tongue, with a theory to Christ. may content himself with what demonstrate, rarely avoids an his own inheritance affords and Ethical Issues Confronting World unconscious reading into his leave to the West its own spir- Christians. By Daniel Johnson texts of more than they were Fleming. 273 pages and an Index. itual inheritance. As a matter Price, $2.00. The International ever intended to express. "With of fact, there never was a time Missionary Council, 156 Fifth Avebut little persuasion," Dr. Stuart when thinking Chinese were less nue, New York, N. Y. "would fain make Christians" satisfied than today with their own "spiritual inheritance." This is a carefully written and out of Confucius, Lao c ius fairly exhaustive treatment of (Laotze), Mencius, and espe- Some of the most intelligent some great problems. Certainly Christian leaders are urging the Christian of today, in the cially Micius (Motze). He has new missionaries not to give light not only of the melting of gathered together a remarkable geographical barriers because of much time to the study of modern communications but also collection of quotations from all because of the Great Commisthe Chinese sages and philos- China's old man-developed reli- sion, must have a world outlook. ophers, ancient, medireval and gions and philosophies, when And the issues discussed by Dr. modern, to exhibit the "Chris- China's need for the presenta- Fleming are timely. Christians, especially those in administratian values in Native Experi- tion of a God-revealed secret of tive positions in the church, are ences," and "Units of Indigenous a new life is so pressing, and the now unavoidably confronted Moral and Religious Literature," with the ethics of soliciting need for its general understand- funds, of the acceptance of as a wonderful "Spiritual In- ing and acceptance is so widely armed protection by missionheritance" which China herself felt. Dr. Stuart's purpose to aries, the population problem, has contributed as a foundation "indigenize the religion of Christ the meaning of true religious lib- erty, and similar questions. to the Christian education of in China" is manifestly sincere her own youth. To much of it and truly laudable, and his com- Dr. Fleming faces these issues we may, with the author, attrib- squarely, making a genuine efute a "high ethical and spiritual pendium of quotations forms a fort to grapple with difficult quality," the ethical, however, most valuable book of reference; problems, and at the same time one's only fear being that its standing far higher than the spiritual, because even the prim- use as a textbook in Christian Schools in China may lead some itive monotheism of Chi n a to accept the shadow for the subposited no infinite Creator, no stance, to look upon Christ as absolutely holy and righteous merely a wiser sage, a mor~ per- Ruler, no perfectly loving Fa- fect pattern, acceptance of whom as such constitutes the whole of ther, no sacrificial Redeemer, Christianity, thus condemning with whom the common man and woman, as well as the sage and themselves to little more than emperor, may enjoy eternal fel-

endeavoring to preserve a fair noncoercion on the left . . . ,vio- Evangelical Christian missions impartiality of s tat em e n t. lence has long been the weapon will first cho.ose the "vague" Moreover, there are some things of conservatism." project of preaching the Gospel, in the book that will search the This is only one example of the not forgetting the field mice as a heart of any thoughtful reader, extreme difficulty of maintaining subsidiary activity. whether he is conservative or detachment when writing upon There is, finally, one great inliberal in religious outlook. Par- the ethics of great economic, po- adequacy in this volume and the ticularly strong in this respect litical, and religious issues. In- school of thought it represents. is the section (beginning on deed inconsistency is inevitable The whole discussion proceeds page 117) regarding individual as in the case of Dr. Fleming's on an extrascriptural basis. Ocresponsibility for the use of references to "tainted money" casionally there is a fair statemoney. "We vote," writes Dr. and his citation of cases where ment of the Evangelical point of Fleming, "with our doll a r s. certain gifts were refused be- view, as on pages 80 to 82, but Every expenditure is voting for cause of scruples regarding their the whole book is almost devoid the character and quantity of source. Yet he frequently and of references to the Bible. Much goods that are to be produced; with seeming approval relies is made of missionary planning and the proportion saved by the upon the Layman's Foreign Mis- and statesmanship, we miss the purchase of simple goods in or- sions Report and the Rockefeller references to the essentiality of der to help various measures of Foundation for impressive ref- prayer in finding a solution to uplift is a measure of the inten- erences. One is tempted to ask, great ethical issues. Does the sity of one's vote for human re- "Were the Standard Oil millions Word of God have nothing to lief and reconciliation. . . . Love amassed in accordance wit h say about the problems which which expresses itself in philan- Christian ethics? To what de- Dr. Fleming treats? If the book thropy without revealing itself gree do such funds represent a leaves the reader with an imin sacrifice finds difficulty in be- 'tainted' background?" ing either creative or redemp- pression of inconclusiveness, it tive." From another point of view, is because it represents a purely In his treatment of Economic one notes that Dr. Fleming's human endeavor to face issues Reconstruction, Dr. Fleming oc- most effective cases of nobility on which God has something au- of conscience regarding the casionally lapses into what would indemnity question are drawn thoritative to say in the Person appear to be an uncritical admiration for communism. To from the experience of the of Christ and in the Book from one who recalls that, according China Inland Mission, a funda- mentalist mission of reactionary which all Christian ethics are to reliable figures, the Red attitude measured by standards regime in Russia has been in- of the Layman's Report, yet in drawn. FRANK E. GAEBELEIN. 'these instances acting in accord strumental in the slaughter of with the most advanced social Lowell and Abigail. A Realistic Idyll. about 11,000,000 human beings, By Mary Dillingham Frear. Illus. the unspeakable persecution of S vo. 325 pp. Privately printed. New Haven. 1934.

Hawaii (The Sandwich Is- countless others (cf. Tcherna- conscience. lands) , the land of beauty and of vin's "I Speak for the Silent"), Other examples chosen by the romance, furnishes the scene of the erection of a system of mili- author are less con v inc i n g. this life story of Rev. Lowell taristic tyranny, and in addition, Those who believe that the Gos- Smith and his wife, Abigail, a recognized sub rosa propa- pel is still "the power of God early missionaries of the Ameriganda for the overthrow of for- unto salvation" and that the can Board. The period covered eign governments, these sen- world needs to be converted, is 1809 to 1891 and the material tences cause some won d e r : will, if they are not too deeply is gathered from journals and "There are bounds beyond which distressed, have to suppress a letters, with additional not e s a foreigner may not go in advo- smile on reading page 40, where from their daughter, Mrs. B. F. cating changes in another cul- Dr. Fleming frankly says that Dillingham. It is first hand doc- ture or in an alien system. Some "the conversion of the world," umentary evidence of the spirit, might be willing to risk death in "preaching the Gospel to the purpose and power of the pioneer the same way as have the com- most degraded, neglected and missionaries – b e aut i full y munists whose martyrs number despised people," "the establish- printed, well illustrated and with into the thousands. It is moving ment and development of an in- a full index. Much is of personal to read the simple unadorned digenous church," these aims family interest rather than of sentences with which a commu- "are too comprehensive or vague general importance but the story nist manual for 'Calls' in China to be called projects" for the use has a fascination, human inter- lays down the duty of a party of foreign money in missions: est and a message for every member to give up his own life As an example of a missionary friend of missions and every when called upon to do so. Out- project he proposes the distribu- lover of God and man. Many fa- doing the communists may in- tion of poisoned grain in twelve mous people and events, as well volve just such a risk…. From villages to combat a scourge of as information about Hawaii and one standpoint the use of vio- field mice. Preaching the Gos- its people, find a place in the rec- lence belongs on the right and pel vs. exterminating field mice! ords.

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HEOLOGICAL The Origin of Religion. Samuel M. OOKS Zwemer. 256 pp.. $2.00. Cokes- bury Press. Nashville, Tenn. Largest Stock in America. Over half a million theological Books Our Response to God. William E. -Classified by subject. Catalogues free. Correspondence and Wilson. 85 pp. 2s. 6d. Allen & Unwin. London. "Want Lists" invited. Please mention The Missiona" ReWw of the World The Four Hundred Million: A Short SCHULTE'S BOOK STORE History of the Chinese. Mary A. Nourse. Illustrated. 375 pp. $3.50. 80 and 82 Fourth Avenu. =: N•• York, N.Y Bobbs Merrill. New York.

Indian Nationalism and the Christian Colleges. Paul J. Braisted. 171 Blood-Drenched A I tar s: Mexican Obitulry Notes pp. $2.00. Association Press. New Study and Comment. F. C. Kelley. York. . 521 pp. $3.00. Bruce Pub. Co. (Concluded from page 618.) An American Translation. J. M. Milwaukee, Wise. in field itineration, in teaching, and Powis Smith and Edgar J. Good- White and Black in Australia. J. S. in literary work. spMd. 1128 pp. $2.00. University .of Chicago Press. Chicago. Needham. 174 pp. 2s. 6d. S. P. ·Elizabeth Ma*ry *Ca*dbury, who died C. K. London. ' in August at the age of 77, was among Truth and Tradition in Chinese Bud- the foremost religious and social lead- Coupectus of Cooperative Mission- dhisin: A Study of Chinese 14a-' ers in England, and had served as ary Enterprises. Chas. H. Fahs. hayana Buddhism. Karl Ludwig president of the National Council of $1.25. I. M. C. New York. Reichelt 415 pp. $4.50. Commer- Evangelical Free Churches. She was Cooperation and the World Mission. cial Press. Shanghai. the widow of George Cadbury, who Jphn R. Mott. $1.00. I. M. C. New York. The Idea of Salvation in the World's died in 1922, and a sister-in-law of Religions. J. W. Parker. 259 pp. Mrs. Helen Cadbury Alexander-Dixon, The Furtherance of the Gospel. Wil- Macmillan. New York and London. founder of the Pocket Testament liam Owne Carver. 145 pp. 60 *** League.

cents paper; 40 cents cloth. Bap- Directory of Protestant Missions- Mrs. Margaret Weaver Beahm tiBtSunday School Board. Nash- 1935. $1.50. Kwang Hsueh Pub. Denning, wife of the Rev. J. O. Denville, Tenn. House. Shanghai. ning, retired Methodist missionary to India, died at her home at Pacific D. . Over Samarkand: The Rebirth Education in Fiji. Cecil W. Mann. Palisades, California, on August 16. . of Central Asia. Joshua Kunitz. 138 pp. 6s. Oxford University The Dennings served in India from 848 pp. $8.00. Covici, Friede. ,Press, London; University Press, 1890 to 1926, being stationed for va- New York. . Melbourne, Australia. rious periods at Poona, Muzzafarpur, :traq: From Mandate to Independ- India's Womanhood: Forty Years' Gondha, Allahabad, and Ootacamund. ence. E. Main. 267 pp. 16s. Work at Ludhiana. Christine I. Mrs. Denning led in evangelistic and Tinling. 119 pp. Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. educational work for women, and as- . ,;,',,.Ulen" Unwin. London. R. T. S. London. sisted her husband in organizing the The Land and Life of Africa. Mar- first Epworth League in India. She God and the African in Kenya. H. was national secretary, and for ten p!'¢. Wrong. Illustrated. 144 pp. R. A. Philp. Illustrated. 189 pp. years national president of the India 28. Edinburgh House Press. Lon- 2s. 6d. Marshall, Morgan ~ Scott. W. C. T. U., and for three years was ton; London. international superintendent of the Department of Prison Visiting and From Fetish to Faith: The Growth The Meaning of Shinto. J. W. T. Reformation. She wrote "Mosaics Mason. 252 pp. $2.50. Dutton. from India," "The House Beautiful," :of til" Church in West Africa; W. "Short Poems," and "Dainty Cookery J; Platt. 159 pp. 2s. Edinburgh for the Home." Mrs. Denning Souse Preu. London. New York.

was born in Harrisburg, Pa., TWO SCOFIELD REFERENCE BIBLE SPECIALS October 17, 1856, and attended Illinois Wesleyan University. Robert R*. S*erv*ice, regional secretary of the Young Men's Indil Piper Edition, Lelther Cover Christian Association for Shan- 33X. This superb Scofield Bible, leather bound, on genuine Oxford India tung Province, China, and a sec- paper, at the lowest price ever offered. All who have seen this book have retary of the International Com- been delighted, and have asked, "How can you sell so fine a volume at such a mittee of the Y. M. C. A. for low price 1" Contains all the wonderful helps for which the Scofield Reference twenty-nine years, died sud- Bible is famous. Pocket size 6~ inches by denly in Shanghai on Septem- 4U inches, 1116 inch thick, weighing only ber 29. Mr. Service went to . Specimen of 7Ype 14 And-tbe–~ord was-made 16 ounces. Only $5.00. China for the Y. M. C. A. in fbleesbhd.danhdisdl1woerlyt;a.&meon1g10u1sY. a(sanodf twhee W·Ith I.mproved 1. 0dex, 50c extra. 1906 and did pioneer work in Name stamped in gold, 50c extra. Chengtu for fifteen years. Later he went to Shanghai to join the national staff and served as re- Popullr $1.25 Edition gional secretary for Western 30. This is the lowest priced Scofield edition ever made, but contains the China. For the last year Mr. earne complete unabridged helps as the most expensive. Clearly printed on Service had been assigned to the excellent paper, and strongly bound. An excellent volume for pew use, Bible Chinese International Famine classes, and for the study table. Relief Commission, located in Shanghai. He retained, how- Cloth board binding, size 7×4~ inches. Only $1.25. ever, his post as secretary of the Shangtung region. REVIEW OF THE WORLD, Third and Reily Sts., Haul.burs, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — June 1935

1935

Home Mission Number Restating the Home Mission Task Mark A. Dawber The Changing Frontier in America Hermann N. Morse Problem of Unassimilated Americans W. C. Schaeffer Christianity versus "Isms" Gaius Glenn Atkins The New Day and the Old Gospel Hugh T. Kerr Working Among Migrant Workers Adela 1. Ballard Cooperation and Union in Home Missions .. William R. King The Unchurched Children of America R. W. McGranahan A Re..emphasis of Spiritual Values Paul Dawson Eddy The Need for Christian Education 1. M. Walker The Church and the Unemployed Edgar M. Wahlberg Juvenile Criminals and the Church H. L. Dickerson 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea1'

to Remember Dallas, Texas. (Not the Negro School Christian Church, died early in

-Sept. 23-27.) M~s. George J. Fix, at the age of 48, in Dayton, Ohio. He June 9-1~Annual Conference, He- 7041 Tokalon Drive, Dallas, Texas. had been in executive missionary serv- brew Christian Alliance. Buffalo, ice since 1921, and from 1926 until N. Y. Eaglesmere, Pa. June 26-July 3. Cor. 1930 was executive secretary for home Sec.-Mrs. Edith C. Ashton, 1939 missions of the General Christian June 9-15-Church Conference of So- Grant Ave., Bustleton, Phile.delphia, cial Work, Montreal, Canada. Pa. Convention.

June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- Houston, Texas. October 28-Novem- Mrs. Elizab'"eth'" R'"ustin McCon- vention, Colorado Springs, Colorado. ber 1. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2309 Rob- inhood, Houston, Texas. aughey, the wife of Dr. David Mc- June 22-30 – Victorious Life Confer- Conaughey who was for some years ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Lake Geneva, Wis. June 24-July 1. the Y. M. C. A. missionary in Madras, Mrs. Thomas A. Freeman, 5841 July 1-29-Institute of Race Rela- Kenmore Ave., Chicago, Ill. died at her home in Montclair, N. J., tions, Swarthmore College, Swarth- on May 18, at the age of seventy-two. more, Pa. Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul). She was one of the founders of the September 16-23. Mrs. A. F. Au- Y. W. C. A. in India and was greatly July 2-7-International Christian En- guster, 1536 Van Buren St., St. beloved and honored by many mis- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, Paul, Minn. Pa. sionaries and Indian Christians who Mt. Hermon, California. June 29- enjoyed the hospitality of her home. July 4-7 – Conference on Christian July 6 (not definite). Mrs. W. F. Education and the 22d Annual Angwin, 1836 Clemens Road, Oak- Rev. Dr. Wm'". E'". S'"oothill, Profes- Meeting of the Presbyterian Edu- land, Calif. cational Association of the South. sor of Chinese at Oxford University, Montreat, N. C. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. England, died on May 14 at the age July 31-August 6. Mrs. B. H. Sin- of 74. He went to China as a mission- July 6-14-Victorious Life Conference. cell, 103 2d St., Oakland, Md. Keswick Grove, N. J. ary of the United Methodist Church Northfield, Massachusetts. July 5-13. in 1882 and labored there for twenty- July 10 – 24 – Leadership Training Mrs. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. five years, becoming one of the lead- School. Montreat, N. C. ing authorities of the world on Chi- Southern California (Los Angeles). nese life and language. He was born July 16-19-Annual Assembly, Amer- September 23-27. Mrs. Thomas M. in Halifax, the son of William and ican Association of Women Preach- Buley, 800 Rome Drive, Los An- ers. Aurora, Ill. geles, Calif. Margaret Soothill. He was stationed at Wenchow, China, from 1882 to July 20-28 – Victorious Life Confer- Warren, Ohio. September 17 and 24. 1907 and established there churches, ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Mrs. Geo. Konold, 314 Scott St., schools, a hospital and a college. He N. E., Warren, Ohio. was for four years president of the July 24 – 31- Woman's Auxiliary Training School. Montreat, N. C. Winona, Indiana. June 26-July 2. Imperial University of Shensi Prov- Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- ince. Among his best known books August 1-4-General Missions Confer- wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. are "Three Religions of China"; "A ence. Montreat, N. C. Mission in China"; "Life of Timothy Obituary Notes Richard of China"; "A History of August 3-11-Victorious Life Confer- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Rev. T. Matsuyama, one of Japan's China," and "Anelects of Confucius." ~rea~est benefactors, died January 4 August 7-12 – World Convention of m hIS 90th year. In 1871, becoming *** the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, alarmed at the spread of Christianity, England. he began to study it secretly in order Miss Jane Addams, the world-fa- to know how to combat it. His antag- August 11-18-Foreign Missions Week onism changed to faith and with ten mous social welfare worker and peace of the Southern Baptist Convention others he was baptized. He became in the Blue Ridge Mountains on pastor of a church in Kobe which he advocate, died on May 21 aft~r a ma- the Southern Baptist Assembly helped to establish; in 1884 he assist- Grounds, Ridgcrest, North Carolina. ed in a translation of the Bible and jor operation for cancer. She would in 1911 was a member of the com- August 12-18-World Alliance for In- mittee to revise the translation of the have been 75 years of age on Septem- ternational Friendship Through the New Testament into Japanese. Churches. Geneva, Switzerland. ber 6. She was recently awarded a *** August 17-25-Vidorious Life Confer- Nobel prize in recognition of her ef- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Dr. David George Downey, mem- forts in behalf of world peace. She ber of the Methodist Board of Foreign August 18-22 – Universal Christian Missions, died March 7th in White was the founder of Hull House, Chi- Council for Life and Work. Geneva, Plains, N. Y., at the age of 76. Dr. Switzerland. Downey had helped to make the Meth- ~ago and had been for the past 46 odist Book Concern the largest organ- August 20-22 – Men's Conference. ization of its kind in the world. years greatly honored and beloved MontTf'at, N. C. *** because of her settlement work for August 22-Seut. I-Bible Conference. Montreat, N. C. Rev. William E. Boggs, Baptist the poor and underprivileged. She has missionary in South India for 42 August 30 – September 2 – Victorious years, died April 6, at Greenwich, been called a "priestess of under- Life Conference. Keswick Grove, Nova Scotia. N. J. standing" and kept open house for * '" '" Summer Conferences and prince and pauper alike. She has been Schools of Missions Dr. H. H. Tilbe, retired Baptist missionary to Burma, died March 4 honored with degrees by many uni- Affiliated with the Council of Women in Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. and Mrs. for Home Missions and the Com- Tilbe had served under the Baptist versities. mittee on Women's Work of the Foreign Mission Society for 45 years. Most of their work was in Rangoon. Miss Addams was born in Cedar- Foreign Missions Conference '" '" '" ville, Illinois, of Quaker ancestors her DATl!:S AND CHAmMEN FOR 1935 The Rev. Abram W. Sparks, for- father having been a personal f;iend Bethesda, Ohio. July 29-August 2. mer executive secretary for home mis- Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson sions of the General Convention of the of Abraham Lincoln. Among the Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. books of which she was the author Boulder, Colorado. June 23-29. Pro- gram Chairman-Mrs. Henry F. are: "Twenty Years at Hull House"; _ Hoffman, 741 Adams St., Denver, "Second Twenty Years at Hull Colo. House"; "Democracy and Social Eth- Chautauqua, New York. August 18- 24. Institute of World Missions, ics"; "Newer Ideals of Peace"; "The Mrs. F. C. Reynolds. 309 Woodlawn Road, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md., Spirit of Youth in the City SWtormeaetns''"~ Chairman. and "The Long Road of Memory."

HAYFEVER ASTHMA and SUMMER COLDS are nnne.essary. Complete relief only $1.00 pOltpaid. Nothing elle to buy. Over 40,000 HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS lold Idt year a10n.. Mail $1.00 today for full 1.8IOn'I reUef to THE DAN DEE CO., 252 HENNEPIN AVENUE, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., or write for Fre. Booklet.

MISSIONARY The next issue of the REVIEW will ~enever

REVIEW OF THE WORLD be .a combined July-August number. If you are to be away from home for the Call comes from DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor the summer please send us your change of address now. EAST OF SUEZ VOL. LVIII JUNE, 1935 No.6 Personal Items sail by Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Dr. John R. Edwards, Secretary of p&O the Meth()dist Board of Foreign Mis- Editorial and Executive Office– sions; E. M. McBrier, lay member; To whatever part of the East the work 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dr. Morris W. Ehnes, treasurer, with of the Faith may take you •.• Cunard Entered as second-class matter at Miss Juliet H. Knox, representing the White Star and P & 0 comhine to Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, make the way easy. You cross to Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under sailed from New York, April 20, for England by the largest fleet on the Act of March 3, 1879. North Africa, to study problems con- Atlantic ••• then sail eastward on the nected with the readjustment of Meth- new s.s. Strathnaver or s. s. Strathaird 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. odist work in that fielc;l. or any other fast luxurious P&O liners. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. . .Thus you use throughout the two Published monthly, except August. *** Lines preferred by travelers since All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. 1840 • •• on the Indian and Pacific British agents – Marshall, Morgan Dr. George B. Dean, for eighteen as well as the Atlantic oceans. Tra- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, years connected with the Board of ditions of seamanship and service that London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Home Missions and Church Extension have endured for nearly a century, 10 shillings a year. of the Methodist Church, has retired are your assurance of a safe and because of a serious heart affection. supremely comfortahle voyage. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB~ LISHING CO., INC. Dr. Albert *Sc*hw*eitzer, African PENI NSULAR AND ORIENTAL AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS medical missionary, was honored on BRITISH INDIA ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8ident his sixtieth birthday in Strasbourg, W"M. 1. CHAMRERLAIN, Vice-President where he studied and taught, by hav- STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANIES WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer ing a city park named for him. He DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary has just returned to his hospital at P & 0 liners sail regularly from London to Lambarene, Africa. Egypt, Sudan and the Persian Gulf, to India, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Burma and Ceylon, to the Straits Settle- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Dr. Homer D*. B*roo*kins has retired ments, China and Japan, to Australia and WM. B. LIPPHARD New Zealand, East and South Africa, ERIC M. NORTH from the editorial staff of the Watch- Mauritius, etc. Convenient through book- JESSE R. W'ILSON man-Examiner. He had served that ings at attractively low fares can be arranged paper and its predecessor, the Exam- by your local travel agent or any office of A. L. WARNSHUIS iner, for 47 years. Cunard White Star Line. Complete informationfrom Your Local Agentor SAMUEL M. ZWE'MER *** CUNARD WHITE STAR Editorial Chat Sir Harold Mackintosh, President of the World's Sunday School Asso- GENERAL AGENTS Here is our Home Mission number. ciation has received a baronetcy from The subject is so vast that only a few King George, who thus recognizes the 25 Broadway New York 638 Fifth Ave. phases of it could be treated in one greatness of this organization. issue. The Indians, Negroes, Mexicans, Orientals, lumbermen, miners, Rev. and Mrs*. G*eor*ge G. Mahy, of mountaineers, West. Indies, Alaska, city slums, prison work, industrial Buckhorn, Ky., have been assigned to centers, Sunday school evangelism and missionary work in China under the religious work in rural districts are Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misall omitted or slightly treated. Some sions. Mrs. Mahy is a sister of Mrs. promised articles were not received in John C. Stam, who, with her husband, time for publication – and one – on was murdered in China December 8. "Christian Youth and a New America," by Roy A. Burkhart, was *** crowded out and will appear in July. This series is, however, varied and Brayton C. Case, an agricultural timely and will well repay study. missionary of the American Baptist Read them and pass them on. Foreign Mission Society, has been presented .with the Kaisar-i-Hind Sil- *** ver Medal for services to practical agriculture in Burma. Mr. Case is A Correction principal of Pyinmana Agricultural Sch,ool. In the frontispiece for our May number (showing some Mohammedan Fifty years ago Dr. Roberts had mosques) there was a transposition crawled on his hands and knees up of titles. The left-hand pictures to that ·same throne to ask permission shows the mosque at Woking, Eng- of the Burmese king to start mission land; the upper right-hand mosque is work among the wild Kachins. Misthat at Mogok, Burma, and the other sion work has now changed this peois that at Srinagar, Kashmir. ple from bandits and robbers into pro- tectors of the peace. *** *** A Word to the W ise~ Dr. Dan B. Brummitt, editor of the "I wish I could afford to have THE Central Christian Advocate, Kansas REVIEW and Women and Missions in City, Mo., was elected chairman of every Presbyterian minister's home of the Editorial Council of the Religious this land. . . . I can't see how any Press, composed of editors of Protminister can keep up his intelligence estant denominational papers. Dr. and interest without these magazines. Guy E. Shipler, editor of the Church- Lack of interest is almost always due to ignorance." (Concluded on third cover.) From a letter to Women and Mis- [257 ] sions from Dr. Frederick G. Coan of MinneapoIis (former mission- ary to Persia).

"Happy Is the Nation Whose God Is the Lord"

UNITE TO WIN AMERICA for CHRIST THROUGH PRAYER WITNESS SERVICE LIFE Present Situation in the United States—The Challenge Total Population,: 134,000,000 Protestant Christian Communicants, 30,000,000 Total Protestant Community, 70,000,000 Roman and Greek Catholic Community, 20,000,000 Non-Church Members (Including Children), 75,000,000 Unconnected with Any Christian Organization, 44,000,000

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REvIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1935 Topics of the Times SAVING THE SOUL OF AMERICA 2. Progress. No land has offered· greater op- Every land has its special resources and culture portunities for progress than has North America. Territorially the United States has expanded from -its heritage and history. The United States of ocean to ocean. No old ironbound customs and traditions have prev·ented development; new ideas .America has been greatly blessed in its tlhoecacthioanr-' and plans have been tested by laboratory methods of its natural resources, in -in government, in education, in industry, in so- III the wealth cial customs and even in religion.

acter of its early settlers, and in its national his- But today the ambition for material progress threatens to cripple and destroy the nation. When tory. In spite of many dangers and difficulties- wealth becomes a great end in itself; when edu- cation leads to the deification of the intellect; or because of the battle against them-the coun- when industry develops into selfish warfare be- tween capital and labor; when statesmanship detry's development has been steady and remark- generates into petty party politics; and when social life takes on the characteristics and customs able, at least for the first century and a half of its of the jungle-then the soul of the nation is lost.

history. Wealth, education, culture, industry, in- 3. Service. Almost every nation seems to have been completely absorbed with its own national fluence, power have increased as long as national problems and with the struggle for existence. From its early years of independence America has ideals and Christian teachings have united to keep offered a haven for oppressed and underprivileged peoples. Not only the development of her own standards high and to develop strength. vast territory but international travel and com- merce and the sending abroad of money and mis- But in recent years the body and mind of Amer- sionaries, have enabled Americans to share their material and spiritual blessings with others. ica have been developed at the expense of its soul. Today many of these streams seem to be drying For America has a soul-a spiritual quality of life up. The desire to protect national industries and to avoid entangling alliances is keeping America that must be nurtured if the body is to be kept from adopting unselfish policies and from full co- operation in international courts. Our doors are healthy and is to function properly for the benefit now almost closed to immigrants and our mis- sionary activities are being curtailed. of mankind. The characteristics and vital reali- ties of the soul of America include: 1. Liberty. When the Western Hemisphere was discovered Europe was passing through the Dark Ages – politically, intellectually and religiously.

North America was settled by men and women who sought freedom to live and to work and to worship God in harmony with high intelligence, great industry and noble ideals. The liberty sought was in harmony with law-particularly the laws of God for the well-being of man.

When licence and lawlessness take the place of law and order-licence in dress, in behaviour, in amusements, in sex relations; lawlessness and laxity in regard to property rights and traffic- laws, in marriage and the sacredness of human 4. Spiritual. America was discovered about the life-then a land and its people lose the privileges time of the Protestant Reformation., The United of true liberty. Is it not time for America to re- States was settled from northern Europe by turn to the high ideals and the practice of liberty sturdy pioneers who brought with them their open in harmony with the laws which God has estab- Bibles and who sought to pattern their lives after lished for the physical, moral and spiritual good the revealed will of God rather than on the lines of all mankind? of humanistic or materialistic philosophies. Pure, [259 ]

monoganous family life in America has been held schools and colleges, irreligion in the homes, athesacred; character-making education has been of- istic propaganda, open immorality and obscenity fered to prepare all for unselfish service; Sunday, in published literature and public exhibitions. as the Lord's Day, has been respected as a day of Parents and teachers who have strict ideas of rest and worship; Church and State have been Christian standards of conduct are referred to by kept separate, not to exclude God and His laws modern youth as "belonging to the stone age," as from the State but to prevent the State from in- hopelessly puritanical or "old fogies." No doubt' terfering with religion. most of these youth do not intend any wrongdoing but they are reckless and like to throw off all When lawmakers lose their spiritual ideals and restraint… As a rule they are not to blame. They their sense of obligation to God; when the Lord's are following the trend of the times, are often Day is commercialized and secularized; when influenced by the teaching and example seen in moral standards in education are lowered, and their homes, their schools and colleges and in when a materialistic social order becomes men's public places. ideal, it means that the supremacy of God is overlooked or ignored. Government, education, in- The great problem of home missions today, is dustry and society, as well as religion, are then on not so much the problem of occupying new territhe toboggan. tory or establishing religious centers among neg- lected pioneers and primitive peoples, as it is the But America still has a soul-a spiritual life problem of manifesting a type of Christian faith and character-as well as a body-to be saved. and life that will be an evidence of its vitality Home Missions represent the effort of Christians and truth, and will attract others to Christ. It to extend and express that spiritual life and char- requires no argument to prove that a noble hisacter in service, according to the will of God as tory or good laws do not insure a strong nation. revealed in Jesus Christ. Until this soul of Amer- It requires also noble, high-minded citizens and ica finds expression in every nook and corner of loyalty to good laws and high ideals. the country, in every phase of American life, in all our laws and institutions and activities-until The great problem of home missions today, as then the Home Mission task of the Church of of every day and every land, is that of winning Christ will not be completed. Nationalism 'may individuals to high idealism, training young and be only a heathen ideal; patriotism may be igno- old to use their powers of body, mind and soul for rant and selfish; Christianity means not only character development and for the benefit of othloyalty to Christ and His program, but unselfish ers, revealing to them the Source of wisdom and devotion to one's country and to the welfare of power that will make their talents and resources humanity in every part of God's world. The effective. What other way is there of solving this home missionary ideal is to bring one's country problem than the Way of Christ. wholly under the control of God. But that ideal can only be realized by the surrender of every THE RECIPE FOR A HAPPY NATION individual and every institution and activity to Many ideals and programs are being tried out Christ. for making a strong, prosperous, happy nation- in Russia, communism and the success of the Five THE PROBLEM OF HOME MISSIONS Year Plan; in Germany, Nazism and the elimi- TODAY nation of all that is non-Teutonic; in Italy, Fas- cism and the development of a powerful central There is no greater problem today than that of government; in Japan, military power and exbringing American life into harmony with the pansion; in China, national unity and the realizaspirit and teachings of Jesus Christ. It is easy tion of Dr. Sun's principles; in India, self-govto recognize the great progress that has been ernment and the development of home industries; made by the United States in the past fifty years in European countries, national security and -territorial expansion and increase of popula- economic prosperity; in America', economic retion, in commerce and manufacture, in wealth and covery and no outside entanglements or interphilanthropies, in education and science–but ference. have we made similar progress in morals and social justice, in Christian character and life? Every intelligent and patriotic good citizen By these latter standards of measurement have wishes to see hi/} country strong and prosperous we gone backward or forward? Judged only by and at peace with the world. He wishes to see church attendance and church membership, sta- his fellow-countrymen free and happy and gaintistics show a numerical increase but proportion- fully employed-a blessing to themselves and. to ately we have been slipping. all mankind. But there are different views as to the guiding principles and the forces that produce More than this, anti-religious and unchristian such a nation and such a people. The all-wise influences are increasing-in the teaching in many

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

and all-loving Creator and Ruler of the universe This effort to persuade Germany to revert to has given clear directions, infallible rules for paganism may lead many astray through false attaining the desired result in personal and na- aims and a vain hope of unity and security. While tional life. Here are a few: all public Christian rallies, Protestant and Cath- olic, were forbidden, more than 15,000 anti-Chris- 1. Happy is the nation whose God is the Lord. Psalm tians recently (April 26th) gathered in the 33: 12. "Sportspalast" in Berlin to attack Christianity and in a less degree to express their sympathy 2. Happy is the man (or nation) whose iniquities are with the plan to organize a Nordic pagan moveforgiven. Psalm 32: 1. ment. Pagan symbols and swastika flags deco- rated the platform. 3. Happy is the man (or nation) whose strength is in God. Psalm 84: 5. While Hitler himself may not openly and direct- ly sponsor the anti-Christian movement, he and 4. Happy are they who do right at all times. Psalm the Nazis are seeking to establish a political, 106: 3. state-controlled Church-making God and His decrees of secondary authority to national laws, 5. Happy is he that has mercy on the poor. Proverbs some even declaring that "Reichsfuehrer" Adolph 14: 21. Hitler is God's spokesman and representative. The new religion seems to consist chiefly in in- 6. Happy is the man (or nation) who maketh the Lord tense German nationalism. Apparently the only his trust. Psalm 40: 4. rites of the Nordic pagan faith consist in a cere- mony for new-born children and a civil marriage 7. Happy are they who hear the Word of God and keep agreement. In the effort to establish a centralit. Luke 11: 28. ized, unified State Church, hundreds of Evangel- ical Christian pastors-700 in one week-have 8. Happy are they who hunger and thirst after right- been jailed or sent to concentration camps. Any eousness. Matt. 5: 6. public mention of these arrests is forbidden. There is also an attempt to bankrupt "confessional 9. Happy are the pure in heart . . . Happy are the churches and clergy" by taxes and withholding peacemakers. Matt. 5: 8, 9. stipends.

10. Happy is the man who keep~th the Sabbath. Isaiah But brute force cannot win over spiritual force. 56: 1. There are millions of Evangelical German Chris- tians who will withstand every effort to paganize 11. Happy are a people saved by the Lord. Deut. 33: 29. them and their children. They are strong, coura- 12. Happy is he who is not offended in me (Christ). geous men and women who know their Bibles and Matt. 11: 6. who have personal experience of the power of Christ. Danger of imprisonment and death can- Disregarding these clear directions and the not intimidate or silence them any more than it plain lessons of history, nations today seek secur- could silence or destroy the Apostolic Church. ity and prosperity through armaments, treaties, "Truth crushed to earth will rise again." Christ human laws and "recovery codes," through regu- is still the power of God and the wisdom of God. lation of crops and prices, by labor organizations and chambers of commerce, by social security acts EARTHQUAKES AND FAMINE-WHAT and increased taxation. At the same time they NEXT? neglect the cultivation of justice, righteousness, brotherly love and Christian education. Is it any Recently, on almost the same day, newspapers wonder that "Icabod" is so often written over were filled with reports of disaster in many parts legislative halls and business marts, over court- of the globe. Formosa, the large island about houses and educational institutions and even over 100 miles off the southeastern coast of China, churches? largely inhabited by Chinese but now ruled by Japan, reported (April 22) a severe earthquake in The Word of God comes to America, as to the which some 2,500 people were killed, nearly 7,000 people in the days of the prophet Isaiah: "Seek homes were wrecked, 250,000 people are reported ye the Lord, while he may be found; call ye upon homeless, and much other damage was done. This him while he is near; let the wicked forsake his is one of twenty-five great earthquakes of the way; and the unrighteous man his thoughts, and present century in which 290,000 people have lost let him return unto the Lord and he will have their lives. mercy upon him and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon." Formosa is a mountainous island about 235 miles long and 50 to 100 miles wide, with a popu- GERMAN ANTI-CHRISTIAN ACTIVITY Recent reports from Germany announce that the seventy-year-old General, Erich Ludendorff, the eccentric military genius of the World War, has appealed to the Teutonic people to abandon all faith in Christ and the Bible and to return to the worship of the Teutonic god Odin-whom he calls the "holy wellspring of German power." General Ludendorff claims that the Hitler drive for German unity and power will not be effective without national unity and that this unity is attainable only by the adoption of a Teutonic god-a legendary being.

lation of some five million Chinese, Japanese and Council to the Belgian Minister of the Colonies aborigines. The principal cities and towns are says in part: on the west coast. This is the island where Dr. The Colony has some 250 doctors. About 165 (of whom George Leslie MacKay, of the Canadian Presby- more than half are foreigners) belong to the official service, terian Church, carried on a very remarkable mis- 15 are in the Catholic mission service, and 50 belong to sionary work a half century ago. His work was the Protestant missions. The medical budget amounts to located in the north at Tamsui (Taihoku), while the English Presbyterian Church occupies sta- 76,000,000 francs. Of this total, Protestant doctors receive tions in the southeastern part of the island. The between 600,000 and 700,000 francs, being about 1%. The 15 Catholic doctors receive all expenses, just as though they were Government doctors; and the 50 Protestant doctors recent earthquake was confined to the west central receive only . . . 1%! Protestant hospitals, dispensaries, residences for doctors and nurses, and their entire equiparea of the island where there are no foreign ment have been paid for by the funds of the Protestant missionaries. missions, whereas all this has been furnished by the Gov- ernment to the Catholic missions. . . . Certain facts On the same day reports came from China that 12,000,000 Chinese are suffering from famine due clearly distinguish our medical work from that of the to drought in eight provinces-Hainan, Anhwei, Catholics: Ours was not established at Government ex- pense; it was not established to compete in any way with and Hupeh suffering most. Many victims are the work of another confession; it has never established said to have been reduced to eating the bark of a medical service in a region already served by a doctor trees, roots and grass, having exhausted the sup- belonging to another confession. In short, it has only ply of dogs and other domestic animals. Women thought of offering to the greatest number of suffering and children are being sold to the highest bidders. humanity the medical care of which before they had been deprived. . . . We know that often the Catholic mis- The central areas in the United States have sions, even with their subsidies provided by the State, been suffering from prolonged drought, followed refuse to receive Protestant patients on account of their by great dust storms that have swept up thou- faith.

sands of acres of surface soil and have carried What, then, is it that we ask? Medicine being a public service, we ask that the Colonial Department follow a the dust as far west as Los Angeles and as far policy inspired by the benevolent impartiality which Beleast as New York. Discomfort and disease have gium has engaged itself to practice in virtue of the Coloresulted from inhaling the dust; traffic has been nial Charter and in adhering to the Treaty of St. Ger- temporarily blocked in some places and large main-en-Laye: that the Government shall "protect and farms have been stripped of fertile soil. favour, without distinction of nationality or religion, all In the midst of these and many other wide- religious, scientific or charitable institutions and enterspread distresses and disasters it would seem that prises.

men, who have prided themselves on their phys- Regarding education the report goes on to show ical conquests, and on their discoveries and inven- how the same discriminatory measures have been tions in the scientific and natural realm, would pursued despite the fact that the Protestant turn from war and destruction to give all their Church has been the pioneer in the field and has energies to constructive activity to establish har- brought great blessing to the Congo. The report monious relations with nature, with one another gives instances where special prestige is given to and with God. The world needs to submit to the Catholic prelates by government's ceremonials to rule of Jesus Christ. impress the natives. It also cites case after case of cruelty practised upon the natives by priests ROME'S GREAT MISSIONARY ACTIVITY in order to induce them to turn Catholics.

The present Pope of the Roman Catholic Church Other reports tell how Roman Catholic mission- is very active as missionary propagandist. No aries are establishing schools and- hospitals near one need to be surprised and none should criticize some of the best Protestant stations in an effort him or his Church for such activity, but there may to draw off the Protestant adherents. Instances be grounds for criticism of Roman Catholic are given where children are intimidated and methods. The Protestant Council of the Belgian even beaten to make them stop attending Protes- Congo recently prepared a protest against some tant schools. The missionary representations to of these methods and against the favoritism the Belgian Government are not complaints shown to Roman Catholic workers and because against legitimate Roman Catholic activity but of discrimination against the work of Protestant call attention to unfair government discrimina- missions shown by Belgian officials in the Congo. tion and to cases of intimidation and persecution. These discriminations have been extremely detri- The present King and Parliament in Belgium are mental to evangelical work-especially to the more inclined to give Protestants fair treatment Protestant mission schools and hospitals-some or and have promised to see that these abuses cease.

which have been established in the Belgian Congo There is a great reason for thankfulness that the for half a century. case of evangelical Christians is in the hands of The document forwarded by the Protestant God. .

the Home Mission

By REV. MARK A. DAWBER, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Superintendent of the Department of Rural Work, Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE last five years have witnessed the round- church no less than government is called upon to ing out of the first century of organized home face the new demands of these changes. Our mission work in America. Several denomi- planned agriculture and industry to meet the new nations have been celebrating this century of ac- economic and social problems will require a new tivities and achievement. There is probably no home missions to bring to these new frontiers the chapter in American history more thrilling than dynamic of Christianity and unless this can be that which records the exploits of those early done and done quickly, there is grave danger that pioneers who blazed the trail into the American the mould of the new economic civilization will be wilderness, across the Rockies and penetrated into set without the safeguards and guiding principles of the Christian religion.* the far West, keeping pace with the population as it Are the days of pioneering in Home Missions Restated moved ever westward in search of new lands in which home missions past? Is there Home missions must now to settle. A few of these old more land to possess, a need for be restated in terms of presfrontier mission tasks re- more churches? There are re~ ent-day conditions. The primain but the work of estab- ported to be at least fifty mi1~ mary purpose is the same as lishing the Church in the lion people in America not con~ ever, that of making Jesus rapidly developing move- nected with any church-Cath~ Christ available, known and ments of the closing days of olic or Protestant. The task is accepted to underprivileged, the nineteenth century and still with us but it is different ignorant and indifferent peo- the beginning of the twen- from that which faced the early ple, and through Him to tieth, has never been com- bring people to a knowledge pleted. Many of the old fron- pioneers. Dr. Dawber points of God and His love for sintiers still remain, church- out ways in which we must fill ful man and to show the posless and godless, and are sibility of redemption and even now a challenge to the our church program with new salvation. From this point methods if we would win Amer~ ica for Christ.

Church. of view the problem is the But for the most part the same as in former days. But old frontier is gone. The old haphazard move- there is a difference in degree of need, and in the ment of peoples westward and the influx of multi- attitude of underprivileged people toward the tudes of foreign-speaking peoples from Europe to cause of their need. Home missions must do more take their pla'Ce in the rapidly-expanding indus- than meet these needs, it must address itself to tries, is gone-at least for the present-and there remove or overcome the causes. Too long have are those who predict that it is gone forever. The we been content to be the stretcher-bearer for an settling up process has given way to a settling economic system that was unj ust and therefore down process, that brings with it a new set of unchristian and that has cast its wreckage of life factors with which home missions must grapple. on the scrap-heap of humanity to be cared for by A planned economy to meet intensive living, as the Mission Boards and other benevolent institu- against the old easy-going policy of expansion, is tions. "Prevention is better than cure," but it is now the order of the day. New types of control less spectacular. It is much easier to arouse the are abroad in the land and many of them are here to stay. The old frontiers have gone but new • It was for this purpose that the Home Missions Council set frontiers, far more difficult and creating greater needs, have t aken the p1ace 0 f the oId. The forth to explore the situation and to record Its judgment and suggest nation, yes the whole world, is now in the throes a program and policy that would help the Home Mission Boards to of readjustment and reconstruction made neces- face up with the new task that lies before them. The results of sary becaus~ of these changing frontiers. The this study covering a period of five years were published a year ago in the book "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." A casual glance at this volume will reveal the tremendous task that now confronts the Church If It is to occupy a place of respect and be ~~n~~:~t~~. in~.h~.n~~ economic, social and moral frontiers of our [263 ]

sympathy of people to give money to alleviate the administrative offices seeking employment. Othsuffering of people, than it is to get support to ers have gone directly to closed churches and prevent suffering. The Mission Boards must now offered their services at a mere pittance of a salmarch out on these new economic and social fron- ary, in order to get a shelter and enough to eat. tiers to wage war against any and every agency Mission Boards must be alert in protecting the and institution that in any way contributes to the use of funds for churches that will make an appeal poverty and destitution of the people. The decla- to supplement the salary of men who are serving ration of this new purpose will doubtless make under such conditions. In a word, the problem enemies of certain individuals and groups whose of competition is intensified as we pass from an consciences will prick them and who take refuge increasing population to a relative decrtasing one. in defensive mechanisms of traditional ways of expr,essing religion. On the other hand the ac- Institutional Changes ceptance of this new purpose will make a host of new friends and supporters who wish to help in Home missions must be restated in terms of constructive work for the rebuilding of society on certain institutional work. Schools, hospitals, a truly Christian basis. homes and certain social services have undergone a vast change. We are facing a very different set Among- Foreign Language Groups of factors that make unnecessary the develop- ment, and, in many instances, the continuance of Home missions must be restated at the point of this type of work. In the early days of pioneer the changes that have come to certain special life, it was right that the church should organize groups. The ministry to foreign-speaking peoples and promote such institutions. The state and the has received a considerable share of home mis- local communities were neither able or interested sion funds. During the expansion period of in- to do so and the church has rendered a muchdustry, people from other lands flocked to Amer- needed service in initiating and standing by such ica by the millions. To keep up with this invasion, institutions until the state and local communities and to meet the ever-moving stream of this migra- could care for this work. There are still certain tion, has been a most difficult task. No other situations where pioneer and underprivileged concountry has ever faced such a problem so that ditions obtain so that the church must continue there was no previous experience upon which to the work of education, hospital and relief service. develop the program. But this need is passing as a responsibility of the Mission Boards, and they must now frankly face We have now reached the end of this immigrant the task of readjustment that comes as the result movement, at least for the present. The tide has of the change. tu:vned and recent studies show that for every foreigner who came in under the quota in 1933, A National Responsibility thirty-five went out. From now on the task will be that of winning the second and third genera- Home missions must be restated as a national tion of the foreign groups. responsibility. Certain types of service are the primary responsibility, and the total church mem- This will require a program and a policy that bership must be made to feel the obligation. will be centered in the English-speaking churches Other lesser needs become the responsibility of that are in close proximity. There will be certain certain areas that have within them the resources exceptions, but for most situations it will require to care for them. Home missions must be claria readjustment of program to reach these people. fied at the point of this distinction.

Denominational Competition The intensive lifenow upon us will demand that mission funds be used for certain well-defined Home missions must be restated from the point types of service that will qualify as a national of view of comity and cooperation. The problem respon~ibility. In this class we include the work of competition was not a sensitive one in the days among Negroes, Southern Mountains, Alaska, of expansion for the denominations felt justified Puerto Rico, Hawaii, certain language groups, in locating new churches, since the future prom- needy industrial and rural areas and special projised rapid growth of population. This policy can ects that are rapidly developing under the reconno longer be defended and denominations are struction and rehabilitation program of the Govobligated to confer with one another as to the ernment. location of new churches to meet the changes that are necessary. The present situation and the immediate future require that the home mission task be more clearly Another element has now entered into the pic- defined, and restated and the projects selected on ture and that is making the task of comity and the basis of these new and more valid standards cooperation difficult. Hundreds of unemployed of missionary need and service. ministers are knocking at the doors of church

RESTATING THE HOME MISSION TASK

The Church Building Program phasized the primary work as related to present- ing Christ and His program to indifferent and un- The foregoing statement if true would suggest derprivileged people, there is also a responsibility a restatement of home missions in the field of that rests upon home missions in' its relation to church erection. If we have reached the end of the whole Church. Self-supporting churches form the expansion period, then it stands to reason the home base of giving for the work conducted there will be less demand for church expansion in by Mission Boards. If this spring of resources terms of building. That there will be many home dries up, there is little that the Boards can do. Remission needs in this field goes without saying. cent years have witnessed a terrific shrinking in Old frontier communities are still lacking in suit- the giving of the churches and this cannot all be able church buildings and equipment, but they charged to the "depression." The greatest loss will not be needed at every crossroads as in the took place in the so-called prosperity years, so past. Rather, they should be placed at strategic that we must look to some other cause than the centers of population development and changed depression upon which to hang the blame. . conditions of transportation. Many old churches are in need of remodeling and additions, and This loss in giving seems best explained by loss where this is necessary in missionary territory, of interest, not only in missions, but in Christithe home mission agencies will be faced with a anity itself. Jesus Christ is no longer an imperacontinuing responsibilty. tive fact in life. The majority of church members do not seem to have any deep concern about the A tremendous task also confronts the Church in redemption of the world. Jesus Christ is not a meeting the burden of indebtedness that rests significant factor in their own lives, therefore, upon hundreds of churches that have been erected they are not concerned about the significance of in recent years. The value of this service cannot Christ for others. This I believe to be the crux be overstated, but it must be segregated from of the present problem. People are not going to home missions except where the service is ren- strain themselves to make the Gospel available to dered in strictly home missio1;l projects. We do lesser privileged groups unless the Gospel is acnot desire to minimize the importance and the cepted as imperative for themselves. It is not place of church erection in the Christian enter- information about missions these people need, it prise, but rather to call attention to the changed is information about Jesus Christ and a vital relaemphasis that is necessary as the result of the tion to Him. change in the nature of the work as home missions passes from the expansion period to one of Home Mission Boards have a tremendous regeographical and population limitations. It is not sponsibility in the deepening of the spiritual life now a task of building more churches, but of pay- of the whole Church, to make Christ real and iming for those already built and developing and perative to the total membership and to quicken extending the ministry of the same. the sense of His abiding significance to all those who profess to be His followers. If this can be Home Missions and Christianity done, there will be new hope and larger resources with which to carryon the enlarging task of mak- Our task must also be restated in terms of the ing America Christian. total Christian enterprise. While we have em- FROZEN SPIRITUAL ASSETS and For years the world has staggered under haastrebmeeenndthoeusfrowzeeinghatssoeftse.coBnoumt iacllstthriengfreonzcey~ one of the major reasons for this situation assets are n~t ~aterial. There are the potential assets of faith, hope, and love frozen solid under ~h.e thIck Ice of prayerlessness, complacency, irritability, and insincerity. Frozen moral and spIrItual assets are, as a rule, exclusively individualistic in nature and self-inflicted.

Many of us have not been worthy stewards of God, wisely dispensing the spiritual wealth entrusted to our keeping. We have permitted ourselves to become pawns and slaves to fluc- tuating commercialism and have deteriorated vinaltuoesspiisriotufapladrwamaorfus~tbiymbpoowrtianngcae titnhtehaelbtaurilod-f materialism. The fair appraisal of intrinsic ing of a life. .

. A power greater than our own is needed to liquidate the frozen assets of the soul. Jesus Chrlst has that power.-Rev. Harry G. Earle, in "The Christian Advocate."

Changing Frontier in

By REV. HERMANN N. MORSE, New York Author of liToward a Christian America"

THE dominant force in the development of its, who always answer the call of adventure, rest- home missions from its beginnings until now less, reckless men for the most part; those who has been the frontier, in much the same way have encountered misfortune, or who have failed that childhood dominates the school, or that sick- to get ahead in the old and have turned to the new ness dominates the hospital. Without the one the for a fresh start, hard-working, substantial folk, other would never have been. ready to pull the wheelhorse's load; and those who just cannot abide the restrictions or accept The historian, Frederick J. Turner, was the the responsibilities of developed community life. first to elaborate the theory of the frontier as a controlling influence in our There are always two national history. Other his- sides of the frontier picture, torians, such as Charles A. What has become of the geo- what is left behind and what and Mary R. Beard and graphical frontier which has lies ahead of the moving pop- James Truslow Adams, have been pushed westward into the ulation line. For the commumade much of the signifi- Pacific Ocean? With churches nities out of which the micance of the frontier. Peter and Christian institutions scat- grants have come there is a G. Mode, in a suggestive lit- tered all over the land, why is greater or less degree of tIe book published a few not the task of home missions stagnation. Ahead of them years ago, emphasized the completed? Dr. Morse answers is the raw newness of the contribution of the frontier tIhnisonqeuesesntisoe nt-haet hleoamset imn ispsairotn. frontier. Thus there has al- task will never be completed unspirit to the development of til every man, woman and child ways been the contrast of American Christianity. In has at least a fair opportunity the old and the new, in some the thought of these writers, to know and accept Christ and sense a conflict between the most distinctive charac- to live a normal Christian life them, a conflict between the teristics of American life in a Christ-governed commu- rigidity of the old and the have been a direct result of nity. That will be only when plasticity of the new, bethe way in which this coun- Christ reigns supreme. tween the conservatism of try was settled and has the old and the adventure- grown to maturity. The ness of the new, between the frontier, or rather the suc- orderly organization of the cessive frontiers, furnished the keynote of the old and the militant individualism of the new. process. At no point in the story of the nation is this so evident as in the development of the home Always, too there has been the sense of change impending, and actually going on. Such change mission enterprise. has been thought of as toward something "bigger Even the more obvious aspects of our national and better," a slogan as typically American as "E Pluribus Unum." A steady and practically history reveal the effects of certain constant, or unlimited growth has been accepted as our na-' at least constantly recurring, influences. New ter- tional destiny. Every new village has dreamed ritories were opened to settlement. Populations metropolitan dreams. Every new business has were redistributed. Our history began on that thought in terms of empire. note and each decade adds illustrations. The process is not yet completed. Only yesterday we It is easy to see why the frontier idea domi- read of new projects in Alaska, in Arkansas, in nated home miss-ions. The man who isn't going Washington, in Tennessee-magnets for thou- anywhere needs no guide. If he is building nothsands of families. Each new advance from first ing, he needs no carpenter. If he is mature and to last had its scouts, pathfinders and surveyors. in good health, he needs neither nurse nor physi- Each drew people out of old settlements to estab- ciano But the frontier meant that many people lish new. Generally, the same three classes of were going places, were building things, were people have responded; the bold pioneering spir- growing up in new environments, were struggling [266 ] to overcome obstacles, were enduring hardships. The following decade saw work extending into Home missions was simply the way of the Church Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Arizona, Utah and to serve such people. Frontier meant something among the Indians and the Spanish-speaking peo- primitive, unformed, lacking in the privileges and ple in the Southwest. This decade also confronted values which we associate with normal living. the churches with the tremendous problems inci- What the frontier meant concretely in the his- dent to the freeing of theNegro slaves.

tory of home missions is too long and too familiar The next two decades saw the extension of work a story for retelling here. The frontier and home into Alaska, the beginning of work among Hun- missions were children together and grew up to- garians and the definite crystallization of the gether. We may date the beginning of an organ- concern of the Church for its ministry among ized program for home missions on a national European immigrants and for the problems of its scale at around 1800. From that time until the growing cities. At this time, too, the Southern present practically every decade confronted home Mountains were rediscovered as a missionary missions with some strikingly new situation, problem. The same decades saw the initiation of either a new territory to enter, a new type of pop- the modern program of Sunday School Missions.

ulation to serve, or a new sort of problem to solve. In the last decade of the century occurred the Furthermore, in each decade the advance agents beginning of work in lumber camps and, as the of home missions were scouting out the tasks that century was drawing to a close, the entry by the would engage the Church in subsequent decades. Church of Cuba and Puerto Rico.

By 1800, mission work was under way in all The first decade of the new century saw the be- of the Atlantic seaboard and New England states ginnings of the modern programs of country and in Kentucky and Tennessee. Without attempt- church work and of city church extension and also ing too exact a chronology, it will be of interest to the organization of the great interdenominational recall some of the high points of the later progress bodies in tlie field of home missions.

by decades. This was followed by the launching of the The first decade saw work extending into Mich- cooperative program in Santo Domingo, the de- igan, Ohio, Indiana, Louisiana and among the velopment of a program of work among migrants, Cherokee Indians in the south and the Tuscarora the beginning of service to the Filipinos, and the Indians in the north. facing of the emergency situations created by the The second decade added Illinois, and Missouri conditions of the past few years.

when Salmon Giddings established in St. Louis Through all these years the program of home the first Protestant church west of the Mississippi. missions has had to make provision not only for In this decade occurred the great mission tours of carrying the old and continuing tasks, but for Mills and Schemmerhorn through the Mississippi constant extensions into new fields and the under- Valley as far south as New Orleans in which was taking of new tasks. It is natural enough to ask revealed the religious destitution of that great whether that is still true today and whether there era. is still a place for the frontier idea in home The third decade saw work extended into Ar- missions.

kansas and Wisconsin. In answering this question we will consider the The fourth decade was marked by expansion in frontier in four of its persistent aspects.

many directions. Work was initiated in Minne- People on the Move sota, Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa and Texas. The Ponds began work among the Sioux Indians in The first of these concerns that hardy perennial Minnesota to be followed not long afterward by of all the days of home missions, the new settle- John P. Williamson and Stephen R. Riggs. Jason ment and the problem of 'people on the move.

Lee, Marcus Whitman and H. H. Spalding began People are still on the move in this country. A their epic-making labors in the far northwest. saying of James Truslow Adams that "America The fifth decade added Nebraska in the middle is settled up and Americans must settle down,"

west, New Mexico in the southwest and California is sometimes quoted as though the redistribution on the coast. In the latter state mission work was of American population had practically come to begun within a year after the discovery of gold an end. On the contrary, there is under way right and the start of the great overland trek. There- now a redistribution of population of considerable after population began to flow from both east and magnitude. Many forces are at work in this, in- west into the Rocky Mountain states. cluding drought, unemployment, emergency, pub- During the sixth decade work was begun in lic works, federal policies for the acql1isition of Colorado and South Dakota. The first church for marginal lands for park purposes or for reforest- Orientals, outside of Asia, was organized in San ation, and other forces too numerous to mention.

Francisco. ' So far as the numbers involved are concerned, it

is likely that the present decade will witness as in northern Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. great a dislodgment of people from their old A considerable number of such Homestead Projhomes as any decade in the history of the nation. ects are now under way or are planned.

Not all of such population movements, of course, During the past five years there has been more create new situations for home missions since individual homesteading in some parts of the west much of the movement of the population is into than in many years previous. A missionary in communities already provided with churches. New Mexico, for example, found in a certain area But constantly new situations are being created. several hundred newly arrived families among whom two promising churches have been organ- Some years ago when construction was begun ized. In Arkansas, an area of 20,000 acres of on Boulder Dam, seven denominations associated fine, fertile land has been reclaimed by drainage. with the Home Missions Council cooperated in Recently, families began to move in from different the establishment of a joint religious enterprise counties in the state. Here the missionary has for the 7,000 or more people who made up the organized a Sunday school which has from 150 inhabitants of Boulder City. A minister was to 200 attendance. Elsewhere in the west one established, a church organized, a building erect- missionary reports that he has had contact with ed, and a fruitful program of religious ministry sixty-eight different communities and another has been carried forward. Now this enterprise with fifty-one. In almost all of these settlements is nearing completion well ahead of schedule and no religious work was being maintained except people are beginning to move out. However, what the itinerant missionary could provide. there are still 1,400 children and young people in Boulder City, an amply worth-while field of min- All sections of the country have by now become istry. accustomed to the challenge and the opportunity represented by the CCC Camps. Recently the In Washington, work is under way on the announcement was made that during the present Grand Coulee Dam, which is a very much larger year the number of such camps would be increased project than the Boulder Dam. Here about 5,000 from 1,468 to 2,916, and that the number of young men are working and a cooperative religious pro- men in them would be increased from 303,000 to gram is already under way. This is an irrigation 600,000. project designed to impound the waters of the Columbia River in the Grand Coulee for the ulti- Many illustrations of this sort could be given. mate irrigation of 1,750,000 acres of the Columbia The problem of missionary extension which they basin. The soil is rich, only needing water, and create is no whit less important than the similar when irrigated the basin will furnish homes for problem in the days of the covered wagon. Here 40,000 families on small farms. are people in new surroundings. Some will re- main in a given location only for a short time. Forty-two miles up the Columbia River from Others are building their homes and establishing Portland, Oregon, is the Bonneville Dam now in permanent communities. Whether they are in the process of construction where 2,000 or more men one case or the other, they present a definite need are now being employed. Here, too, a cooperative for the ministry of the Church. religious program is under way. The Unserved Populations Considerable publicity has been given to the various homestead projects being developed by the Equally insistent is the problem presented by Federal Government as a part of its program of the unserved populations, who for one reason or relief and rehabilitation. another are not reached by the existing churches. This is a second aspect of the frontier which has At Crossville, Tennessee, for example, is located long engaged the attention of home mission agenthe Cumberland Homestead. This is designed for cies. Some of the most significant and stirring 350 families, each of whom will have a small farm episodes of home mission history have been conwith a fine modern house. These families are cerned with the efforts of the church to carry its being recruited from the ranks of unemployed ministry of service across the lines of race and . coal miners and others who in their former homes color and class. This phase of extension has been have had an insufficient measure of support, most a task as great in extent as the primary task of of them being on the relief rolls. Here will be geographical extension and has been more difficreated a new community of possibly 1,500 select- cult. This does not present many entirely new ed people. phases, now that immigration from foreign coun- tries has virtually ceased, but in even its oldest In the Matanuska Valley of Alaska, near An- aspects it is a task as yet largely uncompleted. chorage, a similar homestead project is under way which will provide homes for 200 families. These The most recent challenge has been that of the families, many of them of Swedish or Finnish considerable number of Filipinos on the Pacific extraction, with many young children, are being selected from among those who are now on relief

THE CHANGING FRONTIER IN AMERICA

Coast. Before the Filipino immigration was sus- dren in such migrant families hardly one in fifty pended last year the number of arrivals, coming is now being served through this program.

chiefly by way of Hawaii, had reached a total of Frontiers of Poverty 60,000, most of whom have settled in California.

A report' just received from an interdenomina- In the third place we are still confronted by the tional executive, who recently surveyed this situa- frontiers of poverty and need in all the distinctive tion, summarizes the problem in cryptic phrases: missionary areas in which work is being carried Sixty thousand-mostly young men. No legal protec- on. There is a disposition among some to assume tion. Migrant seasonable workers. Living conditions bad. that except for the emergency created by the pres- Gambling and shooting common. Little being done for ent depression, the need for missionary work in them. Not welcome as a rule 'in American churches. the fields of education, health and community The Christian work among them is largely car- service has been largely eliminated by the developried on through Filipino Christian Fellowships, ment of public agencies.

which are interdenominational in character, but A government bulletin has just been received in many cases sponsored and assisted financially reporting the results of a survey of social and by denominational groups. An annual conference, economic conditions in the Southern Appalachi- on a definite constitutional basis, of all of these ans. This document, replete with maps and charts Fellowships on the Pacific Coast is now in process and tables, bears sober testimony to the contin- of formation. There are in California seven dif- uance of those conditions which prompted the ferent centers having each from 3,000 to 10,000 development of the mission program in that area.

Filipinos, while others are scattered all along the A few facts, culled at random from the report, coast. The present program of service needs to show that there is still physical isolation in the be very greatly extended and greatly strength- mountains. In over sixty counties less than a ened. third of the farms are located on improved roads.

Of all the racial groups with which Protestant To anyone who has ever ridden over unimproved mission agencies have had contact through the roads in the mountains this speaks volumes. On years doubtless the least progress has been made 30% of the farms the total value of all farm with the Jews. Much has been written concern- products sold, traded, or used is less than $400 ing the importance of developing the Christian per year per farm. For sixteen townships, the approach to the Jewish people. They are an im- average per farm is $25'7. Let any housewife pressively influential element of our national life. figure how far $257 a year in cash or farm prod- They are widely scattered, being found in consid- ucts could be made to go for the support of a large erable numbers in almost every city and large family. Typical public school conditions are still town in the country. It is conceded that very below average in the mountains. In seven coun- many of them have no more than a nominal at- ties, over one-fifth of the children of public school tachment, if that, to the church of their fathers. age do not attend school. In twenty-three coun- Today, as always, the general attitude of the ties, three-fourths or more of those of high school Christian Church toward the Jews is as great an age are not in school. Eleven counties show an obstacle in the way of the Christian ministry to illiteracy rate of 7% or more among children 10 them as is their attitude toward the Christian to 20 years of age. In seventeen counties the Church. average school year covers less than 135 days. In Almost any of the other distinctive racial two whole states more than one-half of the teach- groups in America would serve as an illustration ers in public school have had no more than high of the need that still remains for the pioneer school education.

extension of missionary work. The national con- . In the West Indies ference, held last winter, on evangelical work among the Italians was an impressive demonstra- A recent volume of the Foreign Policy Associa- tion of the substantial progress which had been tion on "Problems of the New Cuba," gives a made and of the splendid leadership which had vivid picture of difficulties to be duplicated in been developed. But it equally demonstrated the other West Indian islands. This study, while size and importance of the work remaining to be showing the great progress that has been made done. The same could be said of the annual con- in many fields since the formation of the Republic, ·ferences of the Council of Spanish-speaking Work. piles up the evidence of pressing economic, educa- There is justifiable satisfaction in the program tional, health, and welfare needs. Half of the sponsored by the Council of Women for Home population are illiterate. The general standard Missions for service among migrant workers. of living is low and fluctuating. Economic prob- But the satisfaction must be tempered by the lems are complicated and difficult. A summary of realization that of the estimated number of chil- case studies of forty~one typical families showed

that only seven had a total annual income in cash A Frontier of Ideas and Ideals and in goods in excess of $500. Ten families showed annual incomes of less than $300. Finally, there is a frontier of ideas and ideals of which home missions must continue to take ac- Similar citations could be made with respect count. An eminent preacher said recently: to many other large groups within the home mission field. The plain fact is that millions of peo- Scientific knowledge has its limits, not temporarily but ple, quite aside from the emergency of unemploy- permanently. There are areas of our experience where ment, are living below a reasonable sustenance life essentially is and always must be an adventure into level, and that no possible extension of govern- the unknown. The chief value of knowledge is not that mental service can be expected wholly to meet it makes everything certain, but that it constitutes a their needs for the facilities of normal living. frontier backed by vast resources from which expeditions into the unknown may hopefully set out. These things have a bearing upon the service ministry of home missions. Even moreunmis- Home missions has had a value in the Church takable is the case for its evangelistic ministry. Every study of the church situation in America over and above the value of its specific accomhas indicated the uneven degree of success in winning to Christian fellowship the inhabitants of plishments in that it has kept alive the importance different sections and different types of communities. Even more significantly such studies have of' certain great human and religious questions. demonstrated the insecurity and the inadequacy of the churches upon'which many people depend. It has been a concrete demonstration of the The recent volume by Drs. Douglass and Brunner, "The Protestant Church as a Social Institution," Church's concern for human welfare in the broadreveals the fact that the average church both in city and country is below the point of effective- est and most fundamental sense of that term. ness in program, leadership, financial strength and membership. It is pointed out that between Really to apprehend and accept the full signifi- 1,000 and 1,500 rural churches are abandoned every year and that many of these are in commu~ cance of the missionary movement implies comnities which do not receive adequate service from any other existing churches. Thus the rural mitment to the principles of social justice and areas continguous to most cities and towns, the economically retarded areas, generally, and many universal brotherhood. It is still too true that thousands of scattered rural neighborhoods in all parts of the country, are deprived of effective many people are held back in their advancement Christian leadership and service. by handicaps for which they have not been respon- sible and which they cannot overcome unaided.

Many are the victims of arbitrary and unChris- tian discriminations. One Christian mission to America is not completed by preaching the Gospel and by the performance of kindly services for those who are in need-important as these are.

It would not be completed thus, even if all indi- vidual Americans were nominally won to an ac- ceptance of Christian discipleship. Implicit in the task is the making Christian of our collective life and beyond that the christianizing of our total influence as a nation in the world. This frontier of ideas and ideals lies all around us.

Here, then, are four Louisiana aspects of the frontier Purchase which still persist. They do not wear quite the same face as in genera- Ceded by in tions past. They have Mexico different symbols and 1848 must be met with differ- 1 7 8 g e n t measures, but to as great a degree as ever in the past they demand from the C h u r c h of.

Christ a pioneering en- LATER ADDITIONS thusiasm, an unquench- Alaska Territory able zeal and an uncon- Hawaii and Guam Puerto Rico quering faith. The Philippines Virgin Islands, W. I.

"CHARACTER MAKES CITIZENSHIP – RELIGION BUILDS CHARACTER"

was the slogan of the St. John's Lutheran Church School in the civic parade at Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Thirteen nationalities were represented in. national costumes.

The Problem of Unassimilated Americans By the REV. W. C. SCHAEFFER, Allentown, Pa.

Pastor of the St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church T HE presence of the foreigner among us to agitation and incitement to violence that aim again raises an issue that is acute. Sentiment at the destruction of constitutional government and interest in this matter advance and re- and at the overthrow of our institutions. Sixteen cede in waves. For years the attitude is one of such agencies under long range direction by the apathy or aloofness and then suddenly some crisis Russian Soviet are said to be operating here and shocks us to awareness of.the number, vigor and a sharp curb should be put on radicalism foment- origins of our newer immigrants. In times of ed from alien sources. Confirmed terrorists also danger or distress unassimiIated groups are held offer a knotty problem that cannot be handled in suspicion as a menace or a burden and great softly.

need arises for the exercise of fairness and right Moreover the crisis created by non-employment judgment. seems greatly intensified by the unassimilated The many angles to this question defy identical mass of foreign population. Much capital has treatment. Some phases call for highly special- been made of the use of the uncanny coincidence ized skills of trained experts in government de- that the number of unnaturalized aliens plus the partments. None of us are for unbridled license illegal entrants, 5,748,760, equals roughly the [271 ]

total number of our unemployed workers.. These It was in answer to the world's great need that figures can be repeated carelessly enough to imply the Son of God came as the world's Saviour. that the sole responsibility for the present unem.- ployment situation rests with this group. Need offers the challenge to the Church to strengthen rather than reduce the ministering In any case certainly the cure does nQtlie in forces. Jesus' word is "the whole need not a precipitate action making for nominal citizenship. physician but they that are sick." Not survival This high privilege should be sought only on the basis of mature judgment and conviction, a mat- but conquest is the fit slogan of the Church. ter of character not of expediency. Pressure A first approach can be based on that which is directed from any other motive will work disastrously. Isaac F. Marcosson said recently, best in the background of the groups to be influ- enced. Many foreigners who do not impress us Although millions of aliens refrain from assuming the even as literate because of their struggle· with a strange language can order their thoughts coherobligations of citizenship because of indifference or lack ently, have a highly developed sense of apprecia- of conviction, which makes for divided loyalty, others are tion in music and art. Indeed a frequent obstacle is encountered in their loss of respect because glad to do so because of the ~irage of easy money. Since many customs current here run counter to supe- the agitation for the Townsend plan, naturalization of- ficers, particularly in California, have done a booming rior customs prevalent in the old world. In the mind of many aliens culture is more important business with sixty-year and older aliens eager to get under the Utopian umbrella. The prospect of $200 a month for the rest of their lives is obviously a far more than outward acctimmulation which is too gener- ally accepted as a symbol of success among us. potent lure to citizenship than safety and succor under Their filial obedience and'fiqelity in religious obthe American flag. . servance often rise. up ito shame us. In many centers Young Women's' GhristianAssociations have done a noble work. . Groups of fo;reigners are encouraged to give expression "in folk. f~sti­ vals and homeland exhibits to that whicp is p()te~…

and characteristic racially. Often these are liIiked with exhibits of production here that mak~ easy the transition in thought from their native home to the home of their adoption. .

But much more is needed to knit into our na- tional fabric the lives of our new Americans. This is a matter of character and character is the fruit of religion. This is the business of the Church. The point of contact here is in the ris- FOREIGN BORN PREPARING FOR NATURALIZATION ing generation. In the old world, because of the prevalence in most countries of the es,tablished Despite all these difficulties it is amazing how church, religious instruction is incorporated in the most of them dissolve under the application the scheme of general education. We do not have of faith. The problem is largely one of penetra- this in America and we do not want it. But in tion into the isolation of these people's separate our system of education we are under a queer existence and this is the purpose of Christianity. obsession in our interpretation of the principles The crux is not in the barriers raised by the of the founders. Their idea of religious freedom communities of foreigners as much as in the reluctance to function on the part of the people whose was a freedom to cultivate faith and piety. We very business is goodwill. In every community exercise our freedom to neglect faith and piety. where there are foreigners there are churches; As Dr. Butler said last December in his address these churches should constantly be exerting the to the trustees of Columbia University, "So far spirit of interest and helpfulness and serVice that as tax supported schools are concerned, an odd becomes a bond of union and leads to oneness of ideals, aspirations and desires. situation has arisen. The separation of Church and State is fundamental in our American politi- This calls for much reconstruction of thought on the part of the followers of Christ. It is the cal order, but so far as religious instruction is rep:r-oach of Protestant churches that they retreat concerned, this principle has been so far departed under the pressure of need in adversely-changing from as to put the whole force and influence of environments. This is reversing the Divine order. the tax-supported school on the side of one ele- ment of the population-namely that which is pagan and believes in no religion wha,tever . . . The school would. refrain from religious instruc- tion of any type, but it would also cease from a

THE PROBLEM OF UNASSIMILATED AMERICANS

policy which now makes it impossible for the song was arranged to which the children invited family or the church to put religious instruction their parents. A beginning was made with an upon its true basis." Then Dr. Butler declared old-fashioned magic lantern; then a balopticon that the allotment of a definite time for religious was secured; then a silent/ motion picture proteaching away from the school building would jector and now improved sound for a community lead parents and children "to look upon religious night that repeats its program three times and instruotion as vitally important and as constitut- attracts three thousand people. This community ing an essential part of the process of education." night has built up a Sunday church night which We record the solemn conviction that the real draws many of the same audience, and in which menace in America is not in the limited group of familiar visual projection aides are used for the agitators of violence but in the ever-growing hymns and even for portions of the liturgical number of the rising generation, estimated today service. In these ways a whole community of at about seventeen million, whose lives are un- divergent and often hostile elements has been reached by any positive religious influence whom brought together in the spirit of understanding we are yielding up as legitimate prey for exploita- and goodwill. tion. In their hands rests the destiny of our country. Incidentally the life of the church. becomes transformed. Instead of an ailing, anemic church Our foreign population need not be a liability there grows a vigorous, flourishing church. There but an asset. In one great industrial center this are the verve and zest of an enthusiasm that is has been demonstrated in an experiment running born only in engagement in a redemptive task over the past sixteen years. A congregation that and mission. Standards of sacrifice and generosfound itself in the midst of a rapidly-changing ity are set that deepen spirituality and widen the environment made a survey of the pupils in the sphere of influence. A church school whose spirit public school located in the same block with the ordinarily is as dryas dust rises on a tide of church and was amazed to learn that its enroll- youthful devotion. The very neglected groups set ment embraced twenty-two nationalities. Among a tempo for action and movement that changes a the elementary pupils 157 were found who never staid and discouraged congregation into a lifeattended any church school. A weekday school giving source of energy and power. of religion was organized for intensive training in Christian life and leadership on the basis of a This is the Church's contribution to the soluthorough-going study of God's Word. In the first tion of our country's greatest problem. Ours is year the roster of students embraced seventeen nationalities as follows: American, English, Ger- the unenviable reputation of being the most lawman, Italian, Hungarian, Slavish, Austrian, Jew- less nation on earth. Crime cost in excess of ish, Negro, Lithuanian, Russian, Czecho-Slovak- twelve billion dollars last year. Each year we ian, Polish, Hellenic, Irish, French and Swiss. have about twelve thousand homicides, a thousand This school has grown in influence until now there a month. In 1933 over 350,000 persons were comare some 869 pupils enrolled with a faculty staff of mitted to penal institutions, the majority of whom 46 members with daily operation on released time were young .men who never had any religious from the public school. There are approved chan- training. Perhaps some people come by crime nels for registering self-expression in behavior, stUdiousness, witnessing, stewardship and serv- honestly. Nearly all crime can be controlled at ice. Among the teachers each year are fourteen the source by a new conception and a new directo sixteen college students who have the ministry tion being given to growing life. This is the in view and who acquire an invaluable training essence of the mission of Christianity. that will enable them in the future to face with a sense of ease and mastery the grave problems Our day needs a new and vivid interpretation confronting the Church today. It has been proved of Pentecost. Before the Spirit descended on that the one unanswerable argument that can be Peter his speech lacked something. It was wholly put into the mouth of youth today with which provincial. He cowered with dread under the to meet the criticism aimed at the Church is a taunt of a maidservant who challenged him with, changed life, a rich, full life in Christ. "Surely thou art a Galilean for thy speech betray- eth thee." But after Pentecost Peter's language Early in this experience it was learned that it struck a universal note, "Behold, are not all these is not enough to lift children for an hour or two which speak Galileans? And how hear we every a week out of an environment into which they man in our own tongue, wherein we were born? sink back only to revert to type. This was like Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the bailing out a bucketful only for the flood of waters dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judea, and Capto pour in again. An evening of pictures and padocia, in Pontus, and Asia . . ." There is one universal language. It is the language of the heart, of love-God's love in Christ.

versus the "Isms"

By REV. GAlUS GLENN ATKINS, D.D., Auburn, New York Author of "Modern Religious Cults and MOtJements," etc.

"ISM" is no word at all, only three letters- It is easy to make all this too remote and the- neither verb, noun, adjective nor adverb- ological, but the practical bearing is plain. Un- just a suffix, and yet a good dictionary has less there is something detached from our con- trouble enough telling what it does to the words fusions, perplexities, even our most promising to which it is added. It changes an act to a programs, we are simply lost in our own fog.

process, a· condition to a theory, a quality to a There is all about us an entangling play of inter- peculiarity, the specific to the general and a prin- ests, each one of which wants to use everything ciple or a program to a state of mind. Finally we else for its own ends, no one of which is ample make a poor, indefinite kind of noun out of it and enough or final enough for the meanings and des- write or talk about "isms," usually to condemn tiny of life. The Church reflects this. It has them, unless they happen to be our favorite shaped so much of its life to fit the patterns of "isms." There can never have been more of this this or that order. An entangled Church cannot than just now. One has only to begin to make a speak to a world of hates and fears and hopes as list of the "ism" words in current use to find that it ought. But Jesus Christ can. For the sake of out. The list would include politics, economics, what is timeless and divine Christianity must not sociology, religion, the whole field of contempora- be captured by lesser interests, used for "ism"

neous thought and action, and before one finished ends.

it there would be a new one. The list itself would Its supreme service is to approach life from the represent the confusions and the quests of a con- outside and from above. And for the sake of our fused and questing time – our present general human interests, it must not permit itself to be state of mind. confined by any social, political or economic pat- Christianity is caught in it all, unescapably. tern. Its mission has always been to save them Christianity has always had enough "isms" of its from themselves. There are ways of living and own. It still has many of the old ones and many working together through which the essential disturbing new ones, or else the old have simply spirit of Christ can express itself better than changed their clothes. It is also involved in the others. No doubt of that. It cannot, we are be- social, political and economic confusions as never ginning to see, be true to itself in many aspects before. Some deny it (a stronger word is really of what we now call capitalism. Some would go needed), some use it, a few are trying to capture much farther. That soulless system, they say, is it. What can it do? What ought it to do? No alien and hostile to the corporate expression of the one can answer those questions finally at present, Christian spirit. Militant nationalism is even least of all in the limits of a brief article. more profoundly impossible for a real Christian- 1. Christianity must, I think, keep above and ity, militarism is utterly un-Christian. But apart from any of them. It is more than anyone Christianity is more than the putting an end to of them; it is more than all of them together- any or all of these.

even when they are friendly and offer themselves There are defensible ideals of a Christian social as fulfillments of the Christian way and spirit. order which have much in common with Socialism, It has a nature and authority above the changing even with the wide and fraternal sharing of re- tides. Any historian would say that Christianity source and production, which lies behind Com- has been an outstanding aspect of Western civ- munism-if the word could be disinfected. But ilization. The Christian historian maintains that for Christianity-to identify itself with these or it has been the pUlsing heart force of Western any form of them. is for it to surrender its mis- civilization. But Christianity is more than any sions and cease to be itself.

civilization. It is the judgment bar of civiliza- II. Christianity has the secret of the inner tions and their final control. It is not history unity which is the conditIon of escape from any speaking to God. It is God through His revelation confusion, deliverance from any "ism." Actually in Jesus Christ speaking to history. they are all marginal. Some of them in the gen- [274 ] eral field of Western religion are a ravelling out IV. Above all we need power, constant, sus- of Christianity itself. They take marginal aspects taining and enough. I would not thresh old straw; of it and make them central (plenty of illustra- but suppose we got what the most humanely gen- tions). They make a new patchwork fabric of its erous, wise and far-seeing of our social programs loose threads. Others are this or that half-truth. are after. What will sustain them beneath the So:rp.e of them oppose interest to interest, class to enormous weight of our sins and our stupidities, class, nation to nation. And most disastrously of the inertias of our habits and self-interests and, all they get into our own inside lives of faitp and above all, the resurgence of what in us is unsocial motivation and divide us ourselves into warring and hungry for power? Can we do it by the laws camps. we ourselves pass? Can we use our own au- Then in thought and deeds and words ~e pro- thority against ourselves? Well, maybe, to a de- ject this inner confusion into all our human order. gree, but there is no guarantee in that, nor in our Here more than anywhere else is the secret of all unregenerated human nature.

our confusion. The real point of departure for This is not begging a disputed question with an any deliverance must be from within the soul. evangelical phrase or offering one solution for all Here Christianity meets all the "isms." They are our problems. It goes deeper. When everything sectarian; it is catholic. They are divisive; it is said and 80 many futile things done, only should unite. They are marginal; it is central. changed men can change the world. They may They work in from the outside; Christianity works and do need to change the machinery through from the soul out. This involves far more than which they work. They need to find channels Christian unity. It involves unity in Christ, be- proper to the flow of their regenerate spirits. But ginning with the divided soul and ending with a they need power to go on, to bear, to believe, to world seamed and broken like a lava field after an hope. They need motivations which reach beyond earthquake. the present to deal with the present. They need something beyond themselves even to be them- III.. Christianity supplies the correction of the selves. partial; half-truths – or less; half-faiths – or worse; half-deliverances – or no deliverances at If there is any empowerment outside Christianall. That centrally is the weakness of every ity to do all this, those who know where and what "ism"; it is never enough. It makes one pro- it is must make their case. They have history gram, one understanding of life and God the whole against them. It may be said, must be said, that thing. And it asks us to take all our noble capac- Christianity has never found or even sought a ity for loyalty and devote it to-just itself. Na- full channel for its power, used it partially and tionalism does that everywhere. Communism through its partial use of its divine enduement does it in Russia, Socialism would like to do it. left a place for the "isms." But it has the Power Like Isaiah's image-maker, any "ism" boils the -and it is nowhere else. When we have seen the pot with one end of its idol-stuff and makes a god Cross for all it is and means and does, the Power of the other. There is no denying the intensity is there. of devotion which may thus be secured, but its very intensity burns it out and in the end defeats *** the very object of it. These points are general but they are capable One cannot even criticize justly, creatively, the of precise, definite application to every aspect of twisting, turning, questing movements of a time what the "isms"-any "ism"-of our over "ismlike ours unless he has a sovereign control from ed" world-stand for. Christianity has an office which and by which to criticize them. Some of above them, detached from them. It approaches the most brilliant of our critics are like people them with the authority of its revelations of God who would criticize a merry-go-round while rid- in Jesus Christ. And without that we are lost in ing its wooden horses. They do no more than our own confusions.

change their mount and criticize the horse they He and He alone can supply' the inner unity were just riding, from 'the next one in front of it which will save us from our divided selves and or behind it. No wonder we keep going round in their issue in a divided world order. Christianity a circle.. I know this is a loose statement but I opposes the complete to the partial, and alone has know equally that it has in it a fact which to our the authority of corre~tion. .

peril we neglect; that Christianity has in it the Christ can supply the power without which even whole truth and the whole authority without what is wisest and most promising cannot main- which we cannot see how partial everything else tain itself. In the Realm of God we find the Di- is and without which we have no place to stand if vine Order, transcending any human order, the we seek no more than to see our world steadily, only revelation which lends object and meaning to see it whole and to see it against the back- to the brief stages of our pilgrimages here-and- grounds of the will of God. now.

New Day and the Old

By REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. )ne– Author of "Old Things New," etc.

CHRISTIANITY has had to fight for its life clean hands and sensible speech (is to draw near)"; or, in every age. It has never had an easy again, "He who is pure from all stain, conscious of no sin time. It has had to defend itself in every in his soul, and living an honorable and just life (may generation. After the early Christians had ac- approach)." Such is the cry of those who promise puricepted the call to die for Christ during the martyr fication from sins. But let us now hear what sort of centuries they were afterwards challenged to people these Christians invite. "Anyone who is a sinner," think for Christ in the creedal centuries. For they say, "or foolish, or simple-minded-in short, any un- Christianity is not only a way of life but a way of fortunate will be accepted by the Kingdom of God." By thought and it will not endure as a way of life if "sinner" is meant an unjust person, a thief, a burglar, a it fails to maintain its supremacy as a way of poisoner, a sacrilegious man, or a robber of corpses. Why, if you wanted an assembly of robbers, these are just the sort of people you would summon!

thought. Commenting on this statement, Harnack says: We are constantly speaking as if we lived in a "Here Celsus has stated, as lucidly as one could desire, the cardinal difference between Christiannew world. It is only superficially so. The real problems of life are the same today as in the day ity and ancient religion." Christianity met huof St. Paul and no one can face the conditions of manity where its needs were the greatest and, early Church history without feeling at home. where no other religion could succeed, the Gospel Indeed there is high encouragement when the his- wrought out its redemptive work. It asked for no privileges. It met humanity in whatever contory of the early Church is studied from the point dition it found it and brought to it salvation. It of view of our modern world. It was against had no special message for the rich or the culgreat odds that Christianity made its way. How tu}."ed; neither had it any special message for the it was able to win victories in circumstances and ignorant or the poor but to every man, as a man, conditions so adverse has always been a problem. Christ was offered as the one and only Saviour.

The 'secret of the triumphal march of Chris- There is hidden away in the record of the progtianity has eluded the best historians. In his ress of the Gospel the simple statement, "The dis- ciples were called 'Christians' first in Antioch." "History of the Rise and Fall of the Roman Em- That indeed was a victory! Antioch was the third pire," Gibbon set forth five reasons, namely: the city in the world, Rome and Alexandria alone surzeal of the Christians, their doctrine of immor- passing it. It held a population of half a million. tality, the working of miracles, the moral stand- Situated on the slope of Mount Silpius, with the ards of Christians, and the privilege of political broad navigable river Orontes at its feet, a bouleparticipation. Dr. T. R. Glover, with the insight vard five miles long, paved, not with asphalt or of a great Christian, says that Christianity out- cobble stones, but with the purest of white marble. lived, out-died, and out-thought the pagan world. Surrounded by a wall that clung like a natural It is open to anyone to discover the secret for barrier to the mountain eminence that overhimself. The facts are spread before us in the shadowed the city, it was a place of dreamy pages of the New Testament and it may be inter- beauty-with flowering trees, statues, colonnades, esting and helpful when there is bewilderment and bridges, baths, basilicas, villas, theatres and luxconfusion if the causes for the triumph of the ury, culture, beauty, pleasure, commerce, pagan- Gospel in the early Church be set down. ism, barbarism, superstition and heathen religion mingled there In all the rich luxuriance of the' First of all the early Church proclaimed a G()S- East. It was the melting pot of the nations. The pel. The leaders heralded a Gospel which in its immigration problem was at its crisis in Antioch, highest sense was redemptive. It dealt with sin; but it was there that Paul planted the Cross and personal sin, social sin, sin against God, and it made those laughter-loving people stand at attenpromised recovery. It made no concessions and entered into no compromises. No better statement can be found than that given in the attack upon Christianity by Celsus. This is what he said: Those who invite people to participate in other soIemni- tion. There were no Alps to Napoleon and there ties, make the following proclamation: "He who hath are and can be no obstacles to the Gospel of Jesus [276 ] Christ save in the faithless allegiance of His fol- even after the centuries have passed; the stand- lowers. ard of virtue for men and women. Writing be- Furthermore the early Church cultivated the fore 200 A. D., Clement of Alexandria made this spirit of aggressive evangelism. One hears the announcement: "Our judgment is that the virtue marching past of many feet as he opens the pages of man and woman is one and the same. For, if of the New Testament and follows the history of the. God of both is one, the instructor of both is the early Church. Start in anywhere and we hear also one; one Church, one temperate self-control, the marching of an unorganized multitude going one modesty, common food, marriage an equal forth to its work. Occasionally a sentence is yoke; breath, sight, hearing, knowledge, hope, dropped which reveals what is going on; a sen- obedience, love – all things are alike to them.

tence such as this: "The disciples were every- Those whose life is common have also a common where scattered abroad and went about preaching grace and a common salvation; their virtue and the Word." They had no set method, nor organ- their training are alike."

ized plan. They needed none, for a living faith Anyone who reads the Acts or the Epistles in requires no .fixed method. For centuries this pas- the New Testament will realize that faith was sion for evangelism burned like a flame in the never a substitute for good deeds and that the heart of the Christian Church. Everything was discipline of the Church in relation to moral be- informal, impersonal, and men and women spoke havior was rigorously severe. It has always been the message of Eternal Life to neighbors, ac- true of Christianity, where it has been proclaimed quaintances and friends. They were not content in its purity that personal and social morality, to abide at home but travelled far inland in order followed as a natural fruit of the Christian life.

that the message might have free course and be It was Catherine Booth of the Salvation Army glorified. Origen, writing shortly after 200 A. D., who said to her followers before her death: "We said: "Christians do all in their power to spread will go in more and more for righteousness." It the faith all over the world. Some of them ac- is this same demand which is disturbing the con- cordingly make it the business of their life to science of the world today. The Spirit of Christ wander not only from city to city but from town- is moving through the Church demanding a higher ship to township and village to village in order standard of moral living not only personal but as to gain fresh converts for the Lord." In his related to everything in life, industry, politics, "Church History" Eusebius announces the same education; we will not go successfully forward truth: "Very many of the disciples of that age until the Church challenges the world by a new (pupils of the apostles) whose heart had been standard of personal and social righteousness.

ravished by the divine Word with a burning love One thing more – early Christianity was unfor philosophy (i. e., asceticism), had first ful- compromising. While it had the power of adaptfilled the command of the Saviour and divided ability, nevertheless it was unwavering in its detheir goods among the needy. Then they set out mand that every knee should bow to Christ. Chrison long journeys, performing the office of evan- tianity received, as through tributaries from gelists, eagerly striving to preach Christ to those every direction, the currents that came flowing in who as yet had never heard the word of faith, and from many lands; but all down through the years to deliver to them the holy gospels." Every Chris- it kept its purity and its uniqueness. At the same tian was an evangelistic missionary. Everything time it assimilated to itself modes and customs was personal and life-giving and everywhere the and languages, transforming them, utilizing them, principle was verified that one loving heart sets baptizing them into the message and meaning of all the world on fire. There is no substitute for the Gospel. What it did with customs and lanevangelism even in our sophisticated modern world and again it will return in power. guages it did ,also with diverse nationalities. It A third quality which is discernible among the lifted up into its own unique fellowship men of all early Christians was their moral earnestness. On races and of all nationalities. Here at last, from every page it is recorded that the early Chris- out of racial hatred and national isolation of the tians demanded not ecstasy and enthusiasm, but ancient world, Parthians and Medes and Elamites honest-hearted virtue and supreme moral values. and the dwellers in Mesopotamia and in Judea, The fruit of the Spirit, said Paul, is not ecstasy Jews and Greeks, Cretans and Arabians, but "love, joy, peace, long suffering, gentleness, heard in their own tongue the mighty works of goodness, faith, meekness, temperance." Every- God. It repudiated barriers of nationality; it where and always Christianity has stood for moral claimed humanity as its field and the communion regeneration, for a clean life, for the stricest sort table became the social center of a world-wide of honesty, purity and undefiled righteousness. fellowship.

Take, for example, one issue that is still debated We are being told today that if Christianity is

to endure it must pool its interests with other reli- That inference is not new. Modern perplexity gions; that in order to ward off the attack of god- repeats the age-old problem. The Church of the lessness we must make common cause with all Roman Empire faced it under vastly more allurother faiths. We are told that it is the whole ing circumstances but the Christians of that day line that is endangered and not only the Christian refused to compromise. Instead of lowering the salient. It is a massed attack upon the whole standard of the Cross they lifted it higher. In spiritual concept of life. It is proclaimed on every the words of Dr. William Kemp Lowther Clarke hand that the inherent goodness of man can work of Cambridge, a very competent historical scholar: out his own destiny; that we do not need to postulate God; He is a projection of our wish-think- Had the Church really conformed to Gentile patterns ing. Prayer is defined as emotional release; sin there would have been no persecutions. Paganism had no is called an inferiority complex. Conversion is objection to welcoming Jesus into the Pantheon. But just looked upon as infantile regression. Religion is because Christianity continued true to its Jewish origin, diagnosed as pathological. Walter Lippmann it was fanatically intolerant of rival creeds. For this readramatizes the letting down of the curtain upon son the early Church is an unattractive spectacle to many the great Scenario. He is not happy about the modern men, for whom there is no absolute truth, no final end but he wants to be honest. To many who religion; but because of this the Church survived the were in the audience, he writes: break-up of civilization whereas its mighty rivals have passed away from the memory of all but professional It is now evident that they have seen a play, a mag- scholars. nificent play, one of the most sublime ever created by the human imagination, but nevertheless a play, and not a It is not the modern world or the new age that literal account of human destiny. They know it was a challenges the old Gospel. It is the Gospel that play. They have lingered long enough to see the scene- challenges our age. And a deeper reading of hisshifters at work. The painted drop is half rolled up; tory will tell us that Christ is at work in our world some of the turrets of the celestial city can still be seen, and because His Spirit is at work the waters are and part of the choir of angels. But behind them, plainly troubled and many are afraid. There are things visible, are the struts and gears which held in place what we prize that our children may commit to the under a gentler light looked like the boundaries of the uni- wastebasket but the faith of the New Testament verse. They are only human fears and human hopes, and will not be among them. John Masefield gives an bits of antique science and half-forgotten history, and sym- interview between Longinus-the traditional name bols here and there of experiences through which some in each generation pass. of the Roman centurion who had charge of the crucifixion and whose words "truly this was a Because the foundations of all faith are being righteous man" are found in the Gospel-and Proundermined the inference drawn by some is that cula, the traditional name of Pilate's wife who there should be a consolidation of all spiritual sought to save Jesus from the Cross. At the close forces in order to maintain a religious interpreta- of the day when the crucifixion was at an end, tion of life. This is part of the appeal of "Re- Longinus came to give in his report to Pilate. thinking Missions." The argument runs: When it was ended Procula called the centurion aside and asked him to tell her how Jesus had It is no longer, Which prophet? or Which book? It is died. The centurion told the story calmly and whether any prophet, book, revelation, rite, church, is to then Procula said to him: be trusted. All the old oracles are seeing a new sign: the scorn on the faces of students who know the experiments "So you think He is dead?" in anti-religion in Russia and nonreligion in Turkey, and :the actual religionlessness of much western life. The chief "No, lady, I don't," Longinus replied. foe of these oracles is not Christianity, but the anti-religious element of the philosophies of Marx, Lenin, Russell. "Then where is He," said Procula. The case that must now be stated is the case for any religion at all…. Thus it is that Christianity finds itself "Let loose in the world, lady," Longinus replied, in point of fact aligned. in this world-wit.le issue with the "where neither Roman nor Jew can stop His non-Chrstian faiths of Asia. truth."

Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and all these things shall be added unto you. Luke 12: 31.

Such is the promise; how about the fact? Look back over your life. Have you sought first the extension of God's rule and the incorporation into your own life of His righteousness?

If so, have you in a life of consecrated service actually suffered from want?

"When I sent you forth without purse, or script, or shoes," says the Master, "lacked ye anything?" Like them we must answer, "Nothing." Has one promise of the Lord, in which you rested in faith, failed you? Imagination may picture to us possible want in the future; but when memory draws the scenes on the canvas of the past, she witnesses that, to all His Word, He is faithful that promised. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

OLD MOUNTAIN HOME NEAR PITTMAN CENTER, TENNESSEE PITTMAN CENTER, WHERE MOUNTAINEERS ARE

Transforming a Gap in the Mountains By JAYS. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa. -.~ Director of the Bureau of Publicity, Board of Home Missions, }5t— Methodist Episcopal Church MORE than twenty years ago a home mis- the big world the story was told, friends became sionary wandered into a lonely mountain interested, and after some years things began region some miles from Sevierville, Ten- to happen. nessee. To reach his destination, he had been Human welfare is closely associated with buildobliged to cross and recross a turbulent mountain ings. The first building was erected in this gap.

stream and to pick his way over and around boul- Nothing like it had ever been seen in those Tenders, stumps, ruts, and other impediments which nessee mountains. It was tall, long, and broad; had accumulated over a long period of years, dur- in it were many rooms in which many sorts of ing which ·nature and a rather sluggish mountain helpful activities could be carried on. The build- folk had done little to change the tenor of a life ing was more than a school, for it was a place of which was already one hundred years behind that recreation, a church, and, in the best sense, a in the world outside. There was much of igno- community center. Many who had never before rance, a great deal of superstition, and a general seen so large a building came from the cracks and feeling that things were what they were and that crannies of the mountain to share in the pro- there was little that could be done about the mat- grams, the like of which they had never before ter. There was a type of religion, but of the experienced. Gradually there began to grow up crudest sort, and its leaders were uncouth and around this imposing building neat but smaller untutored. Moonshining prevailed and frequent structures where workers could live and where violence was expected. Many boys and girls were other programs could be carried on.

growing up with no education and even those who One of these new buildings was a medical cenattended the crude mountain schools got but a few ter, and, before long, a doctor was placed in weeks of indifferent attention each year from a charge of the medical program. From time al- relatively untrained teacher. most immemorial, the people. in these mountains Such a situation was enough to stir the hardest had been born, lived, and died without any proheart, but it did more than that in the. sympathetic fessional medical attention. A nurse was emmIssIOnary. It aroused his deepest sympathies ployed and traveled up the streams, carrying her and his most profound interest. Something had ministry of health to people who had never known to be done, but the resources of mountain cabins, what a nurse was intended to do. Boys and girls where regular cash incomes were almost un- and men and women were found to be suffering known, were not sufficient to meet the need. In from all sorts of unnecessary diseases; there was [279 ]

ignorance concerning the most rudimentary laws fruit, but the mountaineers did not know how of health; the death rate was amazingly high, to take advantage of their opportunities. Acand nothing but an equally amazing large birth cordingly, apple trees and other fruit trees, serate kept the population from extinction. Opera- cured for a few cents each, were made available tions needed to be performed and chronic phys- for planting. That was not many years ago and ical ailments were cured. In order that the moun- yet today thousands of bushels of apples are pro- duced in that territory where, a few years ago, DR. THOMAS INOCULATING SCHOOL CHILDREN AT there was almost no fruit. Similar improvements PITTMAN CIDNTER, TENNESSEE were carried on in the growing of tomatoes and various garden vegetables. This development may tain people might not feel that they were recip- be traced directly to the missionary who had. a ients of charity, a charge was made for this vision. medical service, although cash payments were often not possible, and the pay came in the form It was discovered that the mountain women had of the simple products which the mountaineer considerable skill in the weaving of rugs and the could raise on his own few acres, or could capture making of baskets and in other lines of handicraft. by use of his gun in the woods. A great new day These' home industries were developed and a began to dawn up and down the creeks along market was found for the products. As a result, which the mountain people usually live. The mis- thousands of dollars have come into the commusionary was not content with a well organized edu- nity from the outside world for these hand-made cational program and a medical ministry, added to products. the religious ministry which provided reverent worship, religious training for boys and girls and Community pride was stimulated in many ways, a continuous pastoral ministry in the mountain but perhaps in no way more effectively than by homes. the promotion of the annual fair for which people from the mountains worked for months. Home- It did not require a Solomon to arrive at the grown vegetables were exhibited and housewives conclusion that, to a considerable extent, the inadequate economic opportunities of the people ac- ENCOURAGING MOUNTAIN HANDICRAFT AT PITTMAN CENTER counted for the distressing conditions. It was not possible to move these mountain people from their homes and from the little mountain homesteac;ls which they had come to love. But there were things that could be done. Most of the mountain folk had one or more cows, but these were often of a low grade, so that the milk supply was poor. The missionary began to take steps toward the improvement of the cattle strain and very marked progress was made. A similar plan was followed with pigs and chickens, so that the old razorback hog, always an unprofitable creature, became well-nigh extinct. Broods of fine pullets were loaned and the pay taken in a part of the proceeds so that before long a better grade of poultry was found around mountain cabins. The mountainsides were well adapted to the raising of

ITINERANT MINISTRIES IN REMOTE PLACES

vied with each other in preparing the most beau- It might be possible to give figures concerning tiful displays of canned vegetables and fruits. the number of young people who have attended Pamphlets were obtained from the Government and graduated from this school; to point out the in order that the best methods of canning might number of home calls made by the visiting nurse; be used. Many of the products of mountain to list the number of babies ushered into the homes, such as rugs, coverlets, baskets, and the world by a trained doctor; to count the number like were also displayed at these fairs. of diseased tonsils removed; to estimate the tons of foodstuffs produced; to enumerate the number Next attention was given to roads and today, of persons who have joined the church or proinstead of wandering about through the bed of fessed conversion in the religious meetings held, the stream and crossing and recrossing through or to set down many other tables of facts which the water, as one approaches this gap in the could be assembled concerning this work. But mountain, we can drive over a good road ang none of them by themselves nor all of them toreach our destination in relative comfort. gether, can quite tell the story, for the life that this humble home missionary, with his assistants, The enterprise was given the name of Pittman has brought into the dark caverns of the moun- Center from one of its chief benefactors. To an tains, is something beyond ordinary tabulation. outsider there is nothing particularly romantic, It can only be written in the Book of Life itself, poetic or imposing about the name, but it means and when that is written, the -story of the Tennesmuch to those who have watched Pittman Center see mountains must have a very important chapgrow during the past fifteen years and to those ter devoted to Pittman Center and to the Rev. who have shared in its ministry. To thousands J. S. Burnett, a missionary of the Gospel of Jesus of boys and girls and young people in the moun- Christ, who, while laboring in a crack in the tains it has meant opportunity for education, for mountains, caught a vision which he has, to some religious training, and for a new outlook upon life extent at least, been able to transform into a which never would have been theirs had the home reality. mission forces of the country overlooked this gap in a rather rugged and forbidding country.

Itinerant Ministries in Remote Places By REV. COE HAYNE, New York Department of Publicity, Literature and Research, The American Baptist Home Mission Society THE historian's assertion that our geograph- flows continually. About this spring and the dam ical frontiers have vanished may lead us to that has been constructed below it is a cluster of forget that cities are still giving birth to oak trees beneath which in the old days the Indowntown tenements and uptown suburbs and that dians were accustomed to resort. Rev. C. F. homesteading still goes on. Great numbers of Brown, colporteur-missionary in a great section people in urban and rural sections of America of North Dakota, each year plans to hold an allhave no religious privileges afforded them except day service on the Diamond C Ranch especially by virtue of the activities of devoted home mis- for the Russian people who have settled upon sionaries. While there are no longer great areas homesteads in large numbers although widely sepnewly opened to settlement there are still vast arated. Many others attend. The last round-up spiritual areas unexplored. Thousands of homes of the kind was held Sunday, July 29,1934. Three are still far removed from organized churches and hundred people attended, some traveling over just around the corner in every settled com- twenty miles to do so. As usual seats were armunity are neighbors languishing spiritually for ranged under the trees. Three speakers, includwant of Christian sympathy and companionship. ing a Russian, gave four messages during the day. A Sunday school session was held in the forenoon. Gospel Round-up on the "Diamond 0" An hour was devoted to dinner. The dam below the spring provided deep, clean water for a bap- On the southern slope of the Killdeer Moun- tismal service. In 1934 two and in 1933 sixteen tains, North Dakota, sprawls the Diamond C were baptized here. Ranch. The property is blessed with a spring that

A Funeral in the Killdeer Oountry open and said, 'This is the only shirt I have. The last time my wife washed this for me, I had to go Early in October, following the service on the to bed until it was dry.' Diamond C Ranch, Missionary Brown went about fifty miles to begin services in a Russian Baptist "Well, what would you have done in this. case? Church. This is the only Russian Baptist Church I said to him, 'Come out to the car, I have some in the Killdeer Mountain territory. It has no pas- clothes you may be able to make use of. We went tor. The deacons carryon the preaching services. out to the car and I began to take the clothes out. Then I decided to take them into the house where As soon as Mr. Brown arrived in the community his wife and little girl were. I gave them two or he heard that a baby girl, six months old, had died three nice new Turkish towels, a second-hand coat that day in a Greek Catholic home. There are no for the oldest girl, a second-hand pair of stock- Greek Catholic priests for the Russians in that ings for the mother, a warm jacket for the smallarea and Mr. Brown's visit to this home was ac- est girl, hats for four of the family and a sack of ceptable to the family. marbles for the smallest girl. This is all I had. They thanked me over and over for the things, Mr. Brown continues the story: then after kneeling in prayer and praying for "I went over twice that day to the home and the them, and thanking God for the givers who made last time, after reading the Bible and praying, I this giving possible, I took my departure. Later was about to leave when the father of the little I took some second-hand shirts to the man." girl followed me to the door. I turned and asked him if he had engaged anyone to take charge of A Skeleton Key Admits Sixty the funeral. He said, 'No.' Then he asked me if I was going to be around there at the time of the "I had announced a preaching service at a coun· funeral, and I told him that I was and that I could try schoolhouse for October 14th in the evening," help if he wished me to. He said that would be continues Missionary Brown of North Dakota. all right. Evidently he had intended to have the "So far as I know no service has ever been held baby taken out and buried without any funeral as there before. When we got there all was dark. he could not afford to pay for a Greek Catholic 1 got out my skeleton key which I always carry service. in the car and unlocked the building. When we "The next day we deposited the casket into the lighted a light we saw that all the contents were rear end of a truck without an undertaker and piled up in the center of the room for they had started for the church near the cemetery. When been painting the inside. Well, we moved things we got there and took the casket out, two or three around and got things in shape for a service. asked me if they should take the body into the When it was time to begin there were fifteenpeochurch to which I answered 'Certainly.' You see pIe present, and by the time they stopped coming some of the people believed that as the baby had there must have been fifty-five or sixty present. not been baptized and therefore was unsaved its Half of them had to stand up. Everyone was body should not be taken into the church. We surprised to see the rest there, and it was certainly took the casket in and had a 'real' funeral service an agreeable surprise to me. Two weeks later we for the little one. This made a deep impression organized a Sunday school in that schoolhouse." on the parents. They invited me. home for supper and insisted on my staying there several nights Oonversion of An Aged Pioneer during the meetings that followed." The parish of Rev. J. S. Umberger of Okanogan, While the Turkeys Fed on Grasshoppers Washington, is said to be the largest county in the United States save one. Okanogan County ex- "On the 11th of October," wrote Missionary tends 88 miles east and west and 100 miles north Brown of North Dakota, "I stopped at a Russian and south, and contains 18,000 white and 2,500 farmhouse. The man was standing in the yard. Indians. Most of the members of the church, We spoke and I remarked that it was a nice day. which is the only Baptist church in the county, He said, 'It isn't very nice. The weather and live in rural communities, many miles from everything else is wrong. There is no money, no Okanogan. The nearest church of the same comfeed for the stock, nothing to eat, and no clothes.' munion is the First Baptist Church of Wenatchee, 93 miles away. Up Salmon Creek Valley twelve "While I was talking with him, his oldest daugh- miles reside several members of the church. Apple' ter came out and drove the turkeys out into the orchards, cattle raising and mining engage their sun-scorched fields to feed on grasshoppers as attention. During fall and winter the roads bethere was no feed for them at the house. The come impassable and church attendance from that coyotes had killed twenty-one of the turkeys section falls away. From Conconuly eighteen awhile before and now they had to herd them. miles north come a number of members; also from Malott, Omak, Orville, Riverside, Tanasket "I urged him to come out to our services, but he said he had no fit clothes. He pulled his jacket

WORKING FOR THE MIGRANT WORKERS

and Loomis. During the summer, on Communion minded him that she would not cease to pray for Sundays, people drive in from points as distant as him. Orville, 54 miles north, Peteros 34 miles south and various points between. The Methow Valley, 68 Two months later the worship service at Okanomiles away, contributes its quota of worshipers. gan was interrupted by a messenger from an- Out of the thirteen families on the Indian reserva- other old pioneer who lay dying at his home in tion eleven miles east of the Columbia River that Riverside, twenty-one miles away, asking if Mr. are engaged in grain and stock raising, nine are Umberger would come to his bedside. The pastor represented in the church membership. left his pulpit at once turning the service over to Mrs. Umberger. He reached the dying man in During a week in the Loomis neighborhood, time to hear his testimony of faith. "I knew that fifty-four miles northwest of Okanogan, Mr. Um- you would help me just as you did that old man at berger was heartened by the conversion of a Loomis," he told the missionary. Two days later pioneer eighty-four years of age who related that he passed away and a large number of people fifty-eight years before his mother in bidding him from the countryside gathered to honor his good-bye when he left his Indiana home had re- memory.

Working for the Migrant Workers By ADELA J. BALLARD, San Francisco, California Western Supervisor of Migrant Work; Council of Women ~- for Home Missions T HE family case worker of the local social of the families you are caring for work every agency receives the anxious-faced nurse re- possible hour. But if migratory Tommy Jones luctantly. Both know too well the result of needs a crutch or a pair of glasses or hospitalizathe forthcoming interview. Just inside the door tion both the counties in which the work has been of the office stands a migratory family-father done will repudiate responsibility for the needs and mother shabbily dressed with two small chil- of the migrant. Meanwhile the migratory worker dren clinging to the mother's skirts, a child of two who is giving honest service sees the transient, years or less in the father's arms shows decided who has refused to work, getting aid! He gets a signs of malnutrition. free ride and food allowance to take him back to his home. Show me how to cut the red tape Case worker (helplessly)-"I know all you say . . ." Her tone as she left the final sentence is true. The family has worked. They are will- unfinished was most expressive. ing to take any possible work. They came in response to agricultural need. The work has not The nurse nodded curtly. In her heart she paid a living wage, to say nothing of providing knew that the case worker was helpless and that for the period between the harvests. But you the case worker knew she was aware of the hopeknow how my hands are tied. These people are lessness of the situation. The nurse turned toneither residents nor are they citizens!" ward the door without attempt at argument. The migratory family followed disconsolately. Nurse (heatedly)-"No, but they are hungry and homeless. The work has been done within the "The only way we kin git to be resident," venstate. They are not cross:-state migrants. All tured the man timidly as he bundled his family of the year has been spent in two counties. They into the auto, "is to jus' quit tryin' to fin' work have served the community and the children are an' jus' hang on here! Cotton don't make a livin' citizens." all year no way. We might git on relief then, but once ye git on an' ye take a day's work ye git off! Case worker (sympathetically)-"Granted. But An' ye'll starve good'n dead afore ye git on agin! (frowning and speaking sarcastically) relief is Looks like they jus' use us and thin fergit us!" organized on the basis of citizenship and residence. We do not think it best to care for the "No!" corrected the nurse. "Isn't the grower transient. He has a residence somewhere and allowing you free housing while you wait for may be returned to his home at public expense another' harvest?" even though he is deliberately seeing the world on relief funds! I'm aware of the fact that most "Yep," agreed the man. "He's been right good I" And then. slowly, "But we want work!

We don't want charity. If we work fer what the ing with bitterness, a ready prey to the agitator grower kin pay, the 'pinkies' [communists] tell us advising strikes, hunger marches and violence.

they'll bust our heads, iffen e work fer less than This is particularly true in these days when many they say. We know the grower don' git nuff to of the workers of a higher type have been forced pay no such money an' though he sez he'll pertect out of steady employment and into the ranks of us, an' he duz while we'er workin', when we git the migrating throng. in town then hell ketches us. So what's a feller Lack of funds restrict home mission work for the migratory laborer, but in a few selected areas goin' ter do!" enough has been done to prove that the social and The nurse, serving under the Council of Women the religious agencies may lighten all of life for for Home Missions, felt herself unable to answer the wandering group. The results have convinced the question. The problem of the one worker was the community, the grower, the county, federal the problem of two million other workers in the and church agencies that earlier effort to lift , agricultural areas of the United States, and it is standards in the migrant camps failed because of not only the problem of the adult worker. These lack of cooperation between agencies and not attitudes on the part of the state and county because of the lack of response on the part of the migratory laborer.

In one state an officer in the Department of Immigration and Housing observed the work done by the Council of Women for Home Missions in an area where there was little local cooperation.

He invited the missionary nurse into an area where thousands of migratory workers were used and where he would be able to secure intelligent cooperation from various agencies. Four years ago the work began. This season the program as planned is a good example of what can be done in many other localities.

Instead of many scattering camps, difficult to supervise, there will be two large camps. Floors will be provided for the tent city. There will be a full time doctor for the period of the harvest.

Water has been piped into the camps and showers provided for the workers. There will be a camp supervisor for each camp and the missionary nurse to take full charge of the nursing service '

for the camps. The religious and character edu- cational programs are acknowledged to be an essential part of the work in the camps. The county provides the funds for the support of the A MIGRANT WORKER'S TYPICAL TENT HOME nurse and for the doctor. The local community pays for the lease of the camp site; the S. E. R. A.

relief agencies condition the lives of two hundred for the set-up and better sanitation and for the thousand children whose parents follow the crops. camp supervisors. Local club and church women The migratory wQrker has stated the problem will give volunteer aid of ·various types. A local justly. He recognized the helplessness of the church woman has foregone a month of rent for grower to overcome economic handicaps or to her flat in order that it may be reserved for the protect the migratory laborer from the threat of use of the missionary nurse.

the professional agitator. NOr can the grower help But it was the Church which began this pro- the migratory family to secure residence unless gram and the response is the influence which has he encourages them to become applicants for re- brought about an intelligent cooperation on the lief; few areas and no one crop can give contin- part of the migratory workers. It took not pro- uous employment. In order to obtain citizenship fessional nursing skill alone, but an understand-, there must be residence within a community for ing friendliness, to win the migratory family and a period of years! This is generally impossible introduce an educational program which will for the agricultural worker. The fact that the change habits of life and types of thought.

state and the county in which the work has been Out of the years of service in this one commu- done repudiates responsibility leaves hearts seeth- nity has grown a consciousness of the interrela-

tion of all of life. Religious education alone or stop violence and safeguard the migratory work- health service alone could not meet the need. The ers. The treatment of the Filipino in the agricul- Missionary Council had no right to lift from the tural camps, the attitude of the local communities, community the responsibility for the better hous- the prejudice against the East Indian, are other ing, sanitation, health and social relationships of instances where conditions in migratory groups this group serving in the state; but it could and threaten to disturb international relations.

did lead in creating attitudes which recognized A third thing is the relation of conditions in facts and ended in cooperatively meeting the need. the migratory camps to Christian service abroad.

Students from other countries, especially those coming from the Orient, very often serve in agri- cultural fields to finance work in school. Many times such students are the product of missions abroad. They come to America expeclting to find Christian fellowship, but, instead of this find racial prejudice, injustice, impossible living con- ditions, intolerance. As a result faith in Chris- tianity dies and word goes back home that Christianity does not function in America. The missionary in the Orient, and elsewhere, thus finds the work doubly hard. Unless we change our treatment of the agricultural worker from SUNDAY SCHOOL FOR MIGRANT WORKERS India, China, Japan, the Philippines we shall find the work abroad greatly hampered.

This one project is typical of the work of the Lastly, but not least, the young people of the Council in its efforts to meet the need-in the churches today are demanding a Christian ap- cotton fields, in the tobacco plantation, in fruit proach to the social and economic situation of orchards, in cannery areas, in berry patches.

Whether establishing a Christian center, a day nursery or recreational center, or the sending of a Christian nurse and a public health program, the effort is to enlist all agencies responsible for the welfare of the migratory workers. Last year fifty-seven projects were carried on by the Councn in eleven states and many thousands of lives were touched. Forty per cent of the cost of this service was paid by the growers' groups, cannery execu- tives and local communities.

The challenge to the Church is fourfold: This migratory procession numbers millions and is largely untouched by Christian influence. Its childhood is a huge segment of our future citizen- ship. If present conditions are unaltered, these children bid fair to become shifting vagabonds, illiterate and with little or no sense of community responsibility. In California figures show that .

27,000 children of school age are in the agricul- tural camps. In one town in Texas 1400 children ENJOYING A SUN BATH IN CAMP are out of the local school, working in the truck gardens for many months of the year. Thousands the age. They are seeking cooperative service of children are out of school from May to Novem- which enables all agencies, religious and social, ber following the crops in eastern areas. to work together. It has been amazing to note The influence of the general attitude toward the response when this mission work is presented migratory workers in areas where race riots take to young people's groups. One young man, hear- place is a menace to world peace. Last year the ing of it for the first time, said, "I'm sick and treatment of the Japanese going into the agricul- tired of all this fussing about things not being tural areas of the Salt River Valley, intensified evangelistic! As I read my Bible Jesus Christ Japan's resentment against America, in spite of said, 'Go out and do something.' Some of us the fact that Arizona did everything possible to have to preach by our acts, and I'll bet those

COOPERATION AND UNION IN HOME MISSIONS

people get more of a Christian message out of a makes the task more difficult. The camps that nurse rolling up her sleeves and helping them have been touched are pitifully few. when they have a sick baby or a burned kid, than from a preacher coming in once a month to The day has passed when the worker from the preach a sermon! When she goes to court with Council must beg to enter a camp in an agriculthem or puts up a good, clean recreational pro- tural area. The camps asking for a worker far gram and keeps them out of mischief-well, it's exceed the posibilities of the funds available for me for that kind of evangelism!" this cooperative service. County doctors write, "If you could come in for just one season I know And the migrant can be reached. The migra- our growers would finance the service, but they tory family does respond to friendliness. It is cannot believe the work can be done until they possible to inspire a real appreciation of better have actually seen the results." . housing; it is possible to secure better school attendance; it is possible to teach the parent the In the meantime, children are asking as did one reason for restricting his liberty in using the boy overheard after the story hour in "hops," child as a wage earner; it is possible to make of "Who's this guy, God, she's talking about!" the migratory worker a Christian American citizen-but each day of neglect of this challenge And we have not the funds with which to send workers to tell the story!

Cooperation and Union in Home Missions 4f{ I~v. WM. R. KING, D.D., New York ~- – ~ecretary of the Home Missions Council W HAT we see of cooperation and union "warring factions" and see nothing but confusion among the Protestant churches of America and unholy rivalry. Most critics lack historic per- today depends upon the extent of our ob- spective. They base their measurements of progservations and the spirit and method of our in- ress made upon the distance from the goal to be vestigations. As a rule we see in this world just reached rather than upon the distance already about what we look for. Some people do l10t find covered from the starting point.

any cooperation between churches because they It is true, however, that we have "not yet at- do not look for it, or do not look in the right places. tained" satisfactory cooperation and union, but They look for competition and rivalry and see we are "pressing on" with encouraging speed.

plenty. Some years ago I rode a little mountain Cooperation between denominations and among pony for eight days through the tiger and elephant the churches is still very young. The years of jungles of Laos-northern Siam. We were told maturity have not been reached by any means.

that it was a dangerous journey, that the jungles The movement is still in the tender and timid years were infested with tigers and wild elephants. We of childhood and early adolescence.

did not see a tiger or a wild elephant. We were If we go back only a quarter of a century we not hunting for them. We were looking for mis- find practically no interdenominational coopera- sionaries and native Christiansantl we found tion. The older societies, like the American Bible them. Sometimes we make unexpected discov- Society, the American Tract Society, and the eries, but, as a rule, we find what we seek. American Sunday School Union are not interde- It is so with interchurch cooperation. If peo- nominational but are associations of like-minded ple want to believe that the churches are given individuals interested in certain things with no over utterly to competition and divisiveness they denominational control or direction.

can find plenty of evidence to support their views. For three hundred years American Protestant- If they want to believe that the churches are learn- ism was almost wholly divisive. Denominations ing to cooperate and unite they can find abundant were all out for "a place in the sun." Forty or'

proof. The trouble with many who condemn the more divisions of European Protestantism were church for lack of cooperation is their point of transplanted to this country from the "father- view. They project themselves far ahead on some lands" during the first 200 years of our history.

high point of Utopia, where things are supposed Soon they began to spawn and new breeds came to be perfect and all people to be saints, and from into existence until today we have more than 200 that exalted position they look down upon the so-called denominations. About thirty years ago a few far-seeing leaders working upon such mergers and the likelihood is began to cry out against unwise and unholy di- that within the next few years most of the states visions. The first were our foreign missionaries. and many of their counties will have one inclusive They saw the sin of it and began to think and plan Council of Churches which will include in its set- and work together against their common foes and up and program all the interests of the church for the same great common ends. The China within the state.

Council was organized in the early part of this But this is not half the story of the development century. Intermissionary councils and commis- of cooperation and union within the last two sions and conferences were set up on other mis- decades. sion fields. Then the Foreign Mission Boards caught the vision and the spirit of cooperation and Comity and cooperation among local churches the Foreign Missionary Conference was organ- and on local fields have made commendable progized by Mission Board secretaries. The formation ress. More has been accomplished along these of other interdenominational, intermissionary lines in the last two decades than in all the preagencies followed. vious years of American church history. Today comity committees exist in nearly all the large Then the Home Mission Boards began to catch cities and in most of the states. There are perthe vision and were stirred by the same spirit of haps 2,000 Union churches of all types throughcooperation. The Home Missions Council, the out the country. Many cooperative projects are Council of Women for Home Missions, and the being carried on cooperatively by missionary Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America were all organized in 1908. This was the boards and local churches. Home mission fields real beginning of organized planned interdenom- have been allocated. A number of types of work inational cooperation in America. There had been have been merged into departments, bureaus and committees of the two Home Missions Councils, some worthy forerunners, some daring Johns the such as work among Migrants, Indian children in Baptists, preparing the way, but 1908 was the or- Government schools, work among Jews, bureaus ganic beginning of interdenominational, inter- of Church Architecture, Summer Schools for church cooperation for work in the ho.meland. Rural Pastors, Rural Life Sunday, World Day of The spirit deepened; the movement spread. Prayer, religious programs and community Other national organizations saw the need of coop- churches in connection with government public eration. The Christian colleges formed a council. works. An increasing number of service activi- The old Sunday School Association of individuals ties, that can be carried on together better than interested in the teaching of the Bible became by separate denominations, are being committed the International Council of Religious Educa- to the Councils.

tion of the Churches of North America, and No Subsidies for Competitive Projects within the last few months there has come another very significant development of interdenomina- The most recent step in comity has been taken tional cooperation in the new cooperative working by five of the constituent Home Mission Boards relationship of the International Council of Reli- Qf the Home Missions Council within this year.

gious Education, the Federal Council of the These Boards have worked out "master lists" of Churches of Christ in America, the Home Mis- all their home mission aid to churches, and have sions Council and the Council of Women for Home given notice to these aid-receiving churches that Missions. These Councils have set up a joint com- after December 31, 1935, these subsidies will be mittee of fifteen to coordinate the programs and withdrawn from all churches that are in competi- the activities of these four interdenominational tive situations. Questions of competition must be Councils. At last these great national coordi:. settled by the state or the national Home Mission nating agencies are beginning to practice their Councils or Comity Committees before that date.

own preachment. Now that they are beginning to There is no place here for details. We can speak take their own medicine it is to be hoped the de- only in general terms, but these things mentioned nominations will have more confidence in their are steps in the right direction. Some are more prescriptions. successful than others but all have helped to move This new spirit and practice of cooperation is the Church along toward the desired goal. No taking form in recent mergers of state councils one plan or method of cooperation will fit all places of churches. Already ten states have merged the or work everywhere one hundred per cent perfect.

Councils of Religious Education and the Councils Great care must be exercised in each case to find of Churches and the Home Missions Councils into the best plan. Sometimes the best plan is the one inclusive State Council of Churches, or as in allocation of fields and types of work and special some cases, Councils of Churches and Religious projects and churches to some one denomination.

Education. Seven or eight other states are now For example, Alaska, some of the states, and

some of the islands of the West Indies, and nearly authority on this subject, says "a large measure of readiness for union has come to prevail genall the foreign mission fields, have been allocated. erally in American Protestantism."

Other plans include the mutual exchange of I believe that we are working along the right line. Cooperation is the word upon which we churches and fields and projects between denom- must ring the changes at the present time. Union may come–in many cases will come. Weare inations; the federation of churches, and (in the ready now for cooperation. Ultimate union de- pends upon present cooperation. There is wisdom judgment of many, the least effective) the or- in not pressing organic union too hard or too fast, but surely the time is here for cooperation, espeganization of independent community churches. cially in the great missionary work of the churches, both at home and abroad. All of these methods have their advantages and There can be no further advance except as we disadvantages. But they are first steps that must go forward together. A few days ago I saw a truck in Chicago with these words in large letters be taken before the churches can run together in across its side – "Coordinated Transport." Can the Church be as wise as truckmen? perfect union. Sometimes these steps have been faltering, but they have marked a good deal of progress-"we are on our way." , The trend in cooperation has had its most marked demonstration in the organic union of denominations. Since 1900 there have been eleven organic unions of churches involving twenty-five denominations. Rev. H. Paul Douglass, our best The Unchurched Children of America I By the REV. R. W. McGRANAHAN, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. -<tSf Associate Secretary of the Board of American Missions, United Presbyterian Church of North America THE importance of bringing child life into 2. The neglected children of the slum areas in close contact with the vital spiritual forces large cities and those in crowded industrial sec- of the Church is self-evident. Here is the tions. clay, awaiting the skilful shaping of the Potter. Here are the lives, awaiting guidance, which will 3. The children of foreign descent, not Amereither make or unmake ,the next generation. The icanized, whose parents have a nominal relation Church will win or lose according as she succeeds to their ancestral church but are now indifferent or fails in reaching· the children. This responsi- to any religious influence. bility goes far beyond simply bringing in the children of families already within the fold. The 4. The children of the godless rich, who give great home mission task today in reaching the neither time nor place for religion. In fullyunchurched groups has no challenge comparable churched communities there are hosts of children to that of plans that give a larger place to reach- who have no contact with the Church of Christ. ing the children of all who are accessible to the Gospel. If the children are won the next genera- Freely speaking, it is estimated that half the tion is won. children of America are in these various groups, so that, of the 34,000,000 American boys and girls Who are these unchurched children? Many of school age only about 17,000,000 are receiving families have such slight touch with the vital, any definite Bible instruction or Christian guidspiritual forces that they could scarcely be classi- ance that will prepare them to solve their life fied as churched, and beyond this a vast number problems. If we exclude those of high school age, of children are destitute of any contact with this about 13,000,000 younger boys and girls are outinstitution founded by Christ to unite His people side such influence. Some of these are under ininto one body. They may be enumerated as fol- fluences antagonistic to the Church; others are lows: in an atmosphere of indifference to religion, while very many are_only awaiting an invitation to be- 1. Those unchurched geographically. They are come followers of Christ. found in isolated farming communities, mining sections, and areas from which the church has What other possible challenge to the Church moved .out, new communities opened by various can compare with this! industrial ventures. From the jungle of neglect of religious training for the young comes the monster of "crime men- ace" that terrifies America ,today. The "Red

THE UNCHURCHED CHILDREN OF AMERICA

menace" of revolution and atheism lurks in that day school period means the departure of children same jungle. If the Church and the nation are and youth in utter indifference to church worship to survive the youth must be saved. We must which usually follows. Here is a great challenge recognize our responsibility, not only for the chil- to lead into church life and activity those enrolled dren who belong to the Church by reason of the in the Sunday school. Every denomination should parents' affiliation, but the unchurched children use every means to prevent this loss to the Church. must be reached or the whole nation is threatened. 2. It should be our aim to reach all within the It is amazing how lightly the responsibility for bounds of the parish who may be willing to religious instruction and guidance rests upon our respond to a kindly approach. An offer to call shoulders as American citiz·ens. We insist that and accompany the children to the church service ample provision must be made for secular educa- might be one of the first steps taken. The varition and we pay billions in taxes for that purpose. ous communions might institute a program While we admit that training the mind and neg- through their Sunday school agencies so that lecting the moral and spiritual may simply make every congregation shall carryon an organized more cunning knaves, we fail to see cause for campaign to greatly increase the number of chilalarm in the growing demand to eliminate from dren under religious instruction. our schools all Bible reading and teaching of moral standards. The great Luther Burbank, who was a 3. There is the challenge to reach unchurched philosopher as well as wonderful plant wizard and communities, mining districts and industrial areas scientist, never lost an opportunity to remind us by some plan of interdenominational work, or that "if we took no· better care of our plants than assignment of such areas to various denominawe do of our childr·en we would be living in a tions. The fact' that most of such areas do not jungle of weeds." The Duke of Wellington used promise the establishment of a self-supporting even stronger terms when he said: "Educate chil- church makes it difficult to induce churches to dren without religion and you make a race of assume responsibility. But such mission work as clever devils." this must be done to save America.

One of the most sinister signs of our times is 4. The big task that will require constructive the deliberate effort to alienate the youth of to- planning and far-sighted statesmanship is to make day by atheistic teaching in high schools and col- effective religious contact with the millions of leges. It was the boast of a teacher in one of our children enrolled in our public schools who now universities, recently dismissed because of his receive no religious instruction. The public school flagrant offences in atheistic propaganda, "They is the only agency which reaches all the children. used to say, 'give me the child till he is 8 years of In most states religious and ethical instruction age and you can have him after that!' But give and even character building have now been elimme a boy or girl for two years in college in the inated from the public school. Dr. Paul D. Eddy teens and I can take his religion out of him." has presented the following plan of cooperation The Church is responsible for seeing that our that should enlist all churches and character-buildschool boards, our church college boards and our ing agencies in every community: state schools do not permit teaching destructive of the Christian faith and life. The principle of separation of Church and State will not necessarily mean the separation of public education Is it not high time that a definite program and religious education in the sense of eliminating moral should be formulated and put into effect to reach and spiritual values or the great basic elements in rethis unchurched half of America's children? It ligion. . . . The new advance of home missions and is truly gratifying that serious consideration is Christian education must be in the field of reaching this being given to it by church bodies, and Sunday unchurched group. New trails in the field cannot be school organizations. blazed by individual denominational effort or independent local church programs. . . . The solution of the problem The challenge to the Church to save her own of reaching the unchurched, providing adequate religious children and to reach the millions of the un- training for all children and youth is to be found in the churched children' in America presents many cooperative study and planning by the Church with all problems, some of which are difficult. the major character agencies in the community: the government, public schools, homes and other agencies. 1. Those enrolled in the Sunday school must be The building of an intelligently coordinated program for won to Christ. Surely the Church must concern character building in the community is the only effective herself deeply with this need. solution.

It is comparatively easy to enroll children in If such a cooperative movement be launched promptly the Sunday school and thus bring them under and enthusiasm created for it such as was realized in the religious influence, even when parents are wholly launching of the Student Volunteer Movement, and plans indifferent, but it is very disturbing to see the made for a sustained program through the future, this wholesale manner in which the close of the Sun- movement might well be hailed as the greatest achieve- ment of our century thus far. May the outcome match the need of these times and reach effectively some of the millions of unchurched children of America!

A Re–Emphasis of Spiritual

By REV. PAUL DAWSON EDDY, M.A., New York Director, Vacation and Week.Day Church Schools, ln~ernational Council of Religious Education "THE Church which for years has professed the economically, insecure, the emotionally un- its interest and concern over the weak and stable, or the mentally retarded child. It is in- helpless, almost turns its back upon these creasingly apparent that these agencies cannot unfortunate children. They ·are not invited. adequately meet the character needs of the total They are too dirty, uncouth and wild. Perhaps group of children and youth of the community they might also contaminate those within the fold. through their independent, unrelated and often At any rate few are called and few come." This competitive program. The State Superintendent is the conclusion of a study of fourteen thousand of Public Instruction in Nebraska states that the juvenile delinquents who appeared before the schools alone are impotent in the face of character courts of Los Angeles in three years. * education needs of the day. The Tenth Year Book "The position of the Church today is one of con- of the National Education Association also states, fusion and uncertainty. It has lost much of the "Our society today awaits a new integration of authority with which it at one time was clothed." t knowledge, aspiration and human purpose – it These are serious indictments from the courts would seem to be a task essentially religious in of a state and the leaders in public education. nature."

They challenge the Christian Church to a reeval- Through the segregation of religion and the uation of its program and work. Such a study secularization of education in the 19th century would lead to the conclusion that the Church has violence has been done to Church and State, and failed to provide adequate Christian character to individual and social character. The narrow training for the less privileged economically, so- sectarianism of our colonial church fathers was cially and culturally, as well as for those of the a contributing factor to the separation of religion more privileged classes. Of course there are in- and education. This isolation of religion from dividual exceptions of successful programs but in the daily educational experiences of the child has general the groups from which our largest num- led to cynicism, materialism and the disintegra- ber of juvenile delinquents come are not reached tion of personality.

by Protestant home missions, Christian educa- During the past decade or more one can discover tion or the Church. Possibly these organizations a distinct trend to reintegrate the basically reli- do not possess the understanding or technique gious or spiritual elements in the program of for attracting and training these children, youth public education and character building. "No and adults. greater task rests upon the secondary schools than In fairness it should be stated that the public to help its pupils find their God. . . . When this schools and the other community character build- orientation takes place life assumes poise, dig- ing agencies have also failed, side by side with the ni,ty, grandeur. Otherwise its strivings, its Church, to reach these groups. While the public struggles, its achievements seem trivial and in- schools may record the attendance of these chil- significant.:!: dren, few would claim that the average public This quiet return to fundamental spiritual school with its traditional regemented program values should be recognized and encouraged by all really meets the consummate needs of these religious faiths. It is a function of the Christian groups. Because compulsory education laws in- Church to permeate the life of the community sure attendance, it does not follow that the time agencies and to appreciate every contribution to of the pupil is spent in creative activities which character development as an aid to the "more are suited to his needs. abundant life." – Recent studies have revealed a School, church and the other community char- great storehouse of latent religious resources in acter-building agencies must admit the failure of public school curriculum and in the activities of their so-called regular programs vitally to reach many community character-building agencies.

• Bulletin, Who Is Delinquent? published by Rotary Club of Los The Church can assisUhese agencies to strengthen AntgeTlehse. Tenth Year Book of the Department of Superintendents of ~ Sixth Year Book, Department of Superintendents, N. E. A., the National Education Association, p 23. pp. 51-53.

[290 ] and enrich the spiritual basis of their program. sion, in cooperation with the major character- In addition to the permeating and indirect in- building agencies of Ohio, will establish demon- stration communities in rural and urban districts fluence, the Church has a unique and distinctive for the cooperative study of community needs and contribution to make to character development. the coordinated program building in which reli- It is a function of the Church to enrich, interpret gion will be an integral part. Duplication and and integrate experiences in terms of specifically competition in the programs of these agencies Christian ideals and purposes. This function must will be eliminated. be performed on the basis of the individual's experiences in his home, school and community, and The Commission will also study the relationship not by the isolated learning of unrelated dogma. of Church and State in education, and the func- tion of religion in character development. The We are lead to the conclusion that if the Church place of the Church in the community, and how continues to follow its traditional program of its contribution may best be made, will receive isolated religious teaching, it can never effectively careful consideration. Some form of weekday reach the unchurched millions of youth. But, if religious education will be developed which will the Church is really interested in the weak, the enrich, interpret and integrate the daily experihelpless and uncouth child, as well as in the more ences of the child in his home, school and comnormal and attractive youth, it must make its con- munity relationships. tribution in coordination with the other community character-building agencies. There is a di- The Commission is composed of national and rect and an indirect contribution which the Church state denominational leaders, leaders in public is designed to make. schools and other character-building agencies, professors of generttl education and religious edu- In Los Angeles the Juvenile Courts inaugurated cation, ministers and laymen. The Commission the plan of bringing the educational, social, civic will encourage the home, the school, the Church and religious agencies in the community into a and other agencies in their cooperative efforts to coordinating council for study and cooperative meet community needs. program building in more than seventy districts of the county. Community councils of character – building agencies are developing in a number of cities and Public school leaders in some states and com- rural areas. Research studies and the experimunities have taken the initiative in developing mental development of programs are planned. It cooperative study and community planning. Some is expected that a conference with the leaders of ministers and laymen have sensed the inadequacy the Jews, Roman Catholics and Prote&tants will of religion on Sundays only and the failure of the be held sometime in the future to consider the Church to reach the unchurched groups, so they common interest of all religious faiths in the eduhave invited leaders to study what can be done. cation and character developments of the child.

The first united Protestant program on a state- By some such united approach we may hope to wide basis to provide religious training in coopera- meet the challenge of sixteen million unchurched tion with the public schools and the other major children and youth, and may overcome the criticharacter-building agencies is developing in Ohio. cism of Juvenile Courts, public school educators, After a year of exploratory study by the Ohio and community leaders. The Church can thus re- Council and the International Council of Religious gain its lost leadership in the community and Education, a commission has been organized which make her contribution in coordination with the will officially represent the Council of Churches in other character-building agencies. Ohio, the Ohio Council of Religious Education, the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, Let the Church go forward in a united demonthe Home Missions Councils and the International stration, in a national laboratory study and de- Council of Religious Education. This Commis- velopment for these neglected youth..

INTERRELATION OF FOREIGN AND HOME MISSIONS Home missions and foreign missions are the two ends of the same stream, its fountain and its sea. We cannot stop one without drying up the other also. Stop the fountains and the sea will ultimately become a dry bed; evaporate the sea and the fountains will run dry. Home missions are needed to keep the church at home alive and to help it grow. Cutting off foreign mission interest and activity is a sure way of killing home missions. Foreign missions bring returns a thousandfold at home by sending streams back upon the churches to revitalize them and fill them with life more abundant.

Need for Christian

By the REV. J. M. WALKER, D.D., Charlotte, N. C.

Pastor of Steele Creek Presbyterian Church T HE relation of education to Christian char- have lost faith – in God, in themselves, in their . acter is a most vital topic today. An amaz- fellowmen. ing number of new books deal with this Look at the young men who begin a task, but subject. Educational associations of various kinds cannot finish it.

are devoting their time and best thought to it; See how students, trained in institutions of magazines are lending their pages to its discus- learning, are swelling our criminal and delinquent sion; and there is no end to the conferences being lists. held with the idea of finding a solution to the Behold the multitudes without the slightest re- many problems involved. gard to the restraints of the Sabbath.

Out of all this thought and discussion, two Think of the widespread disregard for the things may be said to have become clear: one, Christian standards of sex and bodily purity.

that education must center it~ efforts upon char- Think of the gambling fever that is abroad in acter development. It will concern itself not so the land.

much with subject-matter as with life. Its goal Observe how many homes are broken up, and will be the achieving of a Christian character how the divorce courts are filled.

rather than the mastery of materials. Not that Think of the corruption in politics, and the it will lay less stress upon the acquisition of bribery of justice; the hatred between classes, knowledge per se, but it will d~mand that a great- and the rising war-like spirit between nations.

er emphasis be placed upon guiding youth into an Think of the filth in much of our modern literaunderstanding of that knowledge as it relates to ture and movies; of the unethical practices in his own development in right living. The other business and industries; of the faithlessness of thing is this, the great Christian principles and public servants; and of the wholesale repudiation ideals which were set forth by the Master Him- of sacred obligations. self must find a larger place in our educational processes. The times demand it. All this and much more of a similar kind is tak- ing place among our people, and often right before The Character Crisis in National Life our eyes. The picture is not overdrawn. We have no disposition to exaggerate. Certainly there Our age has made marvelous progress. The· is much in our civilization that is praiseworthy, new scientific knowledge is flying with lightning and for which we should be thankful, but the rapidity across the boundaries of nations, and no symptoms revealed are alarming to say the least.

man can tell what tomorrow holds in store. Yes- What we are chiefly concerned with is the source terday's marvels become today's commonplaces. or sources of this malady. What lies back of this Because the genius of man knows no limit we distress-disorder?

face the future with eager anticipation. How- It is evident that the breakdown is in the realm ever, it does not take a discerning spirit to see of character. Honor and integrity, reverence and that all is not well with us. As a student of our devotion to truth and duty, and the high regard day has well said: "We are like an army that for sacred ideals seem to be a thing of the past may be able to report gains on the right, but with a great body of our people. Principles which which has met with ignominious defeat on the guided our fathers in building this Christian civ- left." With all our furnishings through the ilization have been too frequently thrown over- knowledge of the new sciences; with all the board as something out of date and useless. With equipment that comes with the modern inventions, many, the true has become identified merely with the modern conveniences, and the new modes of the useful, and -the good with that which is pleas-.

communication; with all the vast outlay in edu- ing; there are no fixed standards of truth and cational facilities for the training of youth; still righteousness.

something tremendously important seems to be When we analyse the causes of this breakdown lacking in the lives of our people. Behold the in character and strive to get at the secret for this breakdowns occurring all along the line; men failure, we do not proceed with such assurance.

ffl92 ] In this complex civilization there are too many follow the lead of these antireligionists, and use educacross-currents playing upon the life of the average tioI?al procedures which are based on philosophical theories whIch are destructive to religion. This thing is happening individual, tending either to make or mar his both in public schools and in church schools.

character. It behooves us to tread with humility. 1. First of all, a large part of our educational This secularization of the public education has been going on for years. Perhaps we are just beprogram has been out of balance. We have been ginning to feel the full force of its effect. It was primarily concerned with ways and means rather but logical to expect that a system of public eduthan with objectives. We have said, let facts be cation from which religion had been carefully purveyed, character will take care of itself. We have been too busy mastering scientific methods eliminated would in time become essentially and to give much attention to mastering life. It has actively antireligious. A godless philosophy of been a materialistic age, and the spiritual has been life is bound, as the night follows the day, to propolitely bowed out. Students have been taught to duce a godless civilization. It has laid its blighting put their entire faith in the scientific method as hand upon nearly everything that we held as sacred-upon the home, the family, the church a cure-all for the numerous ills of society. the school, society, and even the business world: "This steady secularization of public education" says one of our Christian philosophers, "is per- We have sown the. wind, and now we are reaping haps the most potent factor in producing a dis- the whirlwind. torted sense of values in the mind of our young It was but inevitable that our nation should be people. While we have been introducing one sub- in for a cruel awakening. All this crass material- ism and antireligious teaching in schools and colject after another of a secular nature, we have leges was bound to bring about a reaction. Truth been steadily eliminating or restricting instruction of a moral and religious nature. Our children has a way of rising to the surface and coming out naturally put the emphasis on the things that are regardless. Then again, too many institutions of learning remained faithful to their trust; and given prominence in their experience." there were too many consecrated teachers of youth Dr. Walter A. Squires, oifn Thoidsaye,x"ceslhleonwt s bhoook~ to be completely swept off their feet by this surge "Educational Movements of antireligious propaganda. The teacher's task, as it has been truly said, is too sacred a thing for fifty years ago moral and religious truths were a vital part of the public curriculum. But since him to be long led astray. The dawn of the new day is here, and the question is being asked everythat time they have become so secularized that the spiritual has been largely eliminated. Culti- where, what can we do to make our nation Chris- tian? What has education to do with the formavation of the spiritual nature has been shunted tion of character? ~nto a corner. The inference drawn by our youth IS that the courses most worth while are those of a materialistic nature, which have immediate and How Is Christian Character Achieved?

tangible value. Consciously or unconsciously, our What is the Christian character we wish to boys and girls have 'imbibed the notion that mak- achieve? To begin with, Christian character is ing a good living is more important than living a not something that varies with the ethical culture good life. The ideal existence is conceived in the of the nation. It is not the product of the theory terms of material comfort rather than in terms of of relativity in matters of right and wrong. It personal honor, integrity, and truth. cannot be said to be one thing in Russia another thing in Germany or Italy, and still quite a dif- 2. A second important factor in the breakdown ferent thing in England or America. Christian of character is found in that smaIi group of anti- character is a product that is discernible wherreligious and atheistic teachers in universities ever it is found-in Christian or in non-Christian who have rejected religion and who are bent on lands. It has certain earmarks which are common bringing higher education in line with their own to all Christians. True, these appear in varying antireligious attitudes. Says Dr. Squires in the degrees of development in the individual as he book above quoted: These "intellectuals," these leaders of our American grows in grace, but the root of the matter is there "intelligentsia" have in some way gained a wide recogni- just the same. The Christian life is the Christtion as leaders in educational science. They seem to as- centered life; and it is the Christ-way of life. sume a sort of proprietorship over such terms as "scienti~c,:' "modern," and "progressive." Unfortunately public The Christian character is the product of the OpInIOn hardly seems to challenge the assumption. . • . Christ-centered life. Christ has been formed in The most serious element in the situation, however does the life through faith. This is the initial work in not lie with these out-and-out antireligiortists. It lies in Christian character formation. By it we mean the fact that a multitude of public educators are blindly something infinitely more than a mere assent to following the theories which this group have constructed a set of propositions about the Lord Jesus Christ. and which they are diligently promoting. It is really re- It may be described as securing the allegiance of markable how some people deeply loyal 'to religion will

one's inner life to the whole personality of the The life of Christ is more surely transmitted Christ. Such an allegiance brings about a change through the example of Christian men and women in personality, which may be gradual or sudden, than through any other source. Students have a depending largely upon his training in Christian decided tendency to become like those who teach experience. But this change is so radical that them. So the life of the teacher, more than any- Jesus called it the "new birth." The Christian thing that is taught, counts most in building up then, is one who has this inner life born of faith or tearing down Christian character. Too much in Jesus Christ. It is this new life that: gives emphasis cannot be placed upon the personality both motivation to his conduct, and power for the of the teacher. We soon forget what we are accomplishment of his God-given tasks. taught; the influence of the life of the teacher Christian character is not only the product of abides-a hallowed benediction or a painful mem- the Christ-centered life, but it is also the result ory of wasted opportunities. The wealth of our of the Christ-way of life. This new life is pat- Christian institutions of learning does not lie in terned after that of the Master. He bears in his brick and mortar, nor in stocks and bonds, but in body the marks of the Saviour. The norm of the the power of great personalities in the faculty.

Christian character is the character of Jesus Him- All that we have been saying but leads to the self. As we study the character of Jesus there truth: Christian character is as much caught as are at least five outstanding characteristics, five it is taught. It develops through the discipline features that were distinctive, which set Him off of life's experiences under the watchful eye of a from all other men. There was His purity or saintly ,soul.

holiness; His love; His forgiveness; His sacri- Second in importance is the influence of a fice; and His humility. These revealed the pas- Christian curriculum upon character formation.

sion of His heart, and they were exhibited in His Just as the Christian is a Christ-centered person- daily life. In this way He set going forces that ality, so the education that is to produce that have in them the making of a new world. It was character must be Christ-centered. That does not not an overstatement that the historian Lecky mean that the facts of science will receive any made in his "History of European Morals" when the less emphasis; rather the more. But it does he said: "The 'three short years' of the active life determine the approach to truth. To begin with, of Jesus have done more to regenerate and soften it recognizes Divinity in the life of things. It mankind than all the disquisition of philosophers says: "Man's chief end is to glorify God and to and all the exhortations of moralists of all time." enjoy Him forever." It further states: "The It is characters fashioned after this pattern that Word of God which is contained in the Scriptures the world needs today. Such characters our edu- of the Old and New Testament, is the only rule to cational institution should strive to turn out. How direct us how we may glorify and enjoy Him."

can it be done? With these .fixed postulates it moves into every It will be readily admitted, that character build- realm of truth with the full assurance, "Ye shall ing is the most difficult task in our civilization. know the truth and the truth shall make you free."

While we recognize that Christian character is Best of all, it is assured that when young life has largely the product of training, still we are much been properly trained, there will come a time when at sea as to the way human personality develops. that life will long for the Perfect Life about which As we have said, there are so many influences it may be entwined and held, just as naturally as playing upon young life – and they are ever on the vine calls for the pole to be its stay and guide.

the increase – as to make our· efforts uncertain. When the main educational forces of the com- It is just possible there may be two forces for munity-,-the home, the church, the school-unite evil to everyone for good constantly working in this holy cooperative undertaking we may con- against our very best efforts. Both the power of fidently look for the issue-a Christian character, heredity and the influence of environment, over the supreme need of our day.

which we have but little control, may largely nul- lify all the nobler impulses that may be brought to bear on a life. Surely to guide one into the way Divine dynamic has its beginning when men of Christian living requires all the wisdom and have reached their end. Its majesty meets us only consecration one can command. at yonder borderline where in our willing and The most potent influence in the formative working we aremade to pant for breath. Where period of one's life comes through the contact my cunning and my fortunes can do nothing, can- with'Christian parents, teachers and professors. not help, comes my God. KARL BARTH.

Church Can Help' the

By EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pastor of Grace Community Church and President of the Denver Open Forum .

I N DENVER the now aged Father William H. relation of the Church and the unemployed. Un- O'Ryan is most highly revered for two things: fortunately the Church as a whole does not fea- his long and deep love for his church and his ture in the hardships of those who suffer most. determined struggle in behalf of social justice. Economic need is the major interest of most He did not hesitate to state bluntly the problem of people, and in times of stress economic security unemployment and poverty in relation to religion becomes a single issue. The church must be deep- in a meeting of the Catholic Industrial Confer- ly realistic about this question. At present people ence. He said, "Poverty to St. Francis may have are confused and harassed because they are in an been a holy thing, but to emotional stage and cannot John Smith, unemployed, in balance experience with my parish, with his wife and Continued unemployment, hard facts. The Church must five children it is a far dif- voluntary or involuntary, is a bear its responsibility for ferent thing. Poverty leads menace to the material, moral not having helped the people to the very gates of hell. "to discern this time."

Members are lost, not gained, and spiritual wellbeing of the Universal spiritual recovto the church because of iCnhduivrcidhu. al,Tthhee inSatabtielityandof thaet ery will follow universal eco- least. twelve million workers in pauperism. . . . Oligarchy nomic security based upon a in America shouts democ- America to find healthful em- Christian philosophy and racy to fool the people. This ployment constitutes a real cri- economy where earnings are is the meanest kind of oli- sis that threatens disaster. This for the benefit of many rathgarchy. . . . The Protestant paper, by a pastor who has done er than for the profit of the Church has lost the laboring much to help the unemployed in few. Any attempts at reliman because Protestant min- his own city, gives valuable sug- gious revival apart from this isters have not assisted the gestions that may be found use- position will prove to be unemployed or labor. We ful elsewhere. Some will not futile and eventually will de,. are also losing them because apgorienet, wbiutth atlhleaaguretehotrhaatt seovmerey- stroy Christian faith and thing must be done in harmony we have not been true to our add to the common despair. program. . . . The Catholic 7 Any church that shouts the Church is losing more mem- "Kingdom of God" to fool bers each year than it is tak- with the spirit and teachings of the people is a mean church Jesus Christ, to meet the needs of the hour.

ing in by conversion. . . . and it does not represent the To me, social service is re- Master, who was anointed to ligion." preach "good tidings to the The dilemma of the Church and the masses is poor," and who later proved the validity of His presented by H. Richard Niebuhr in his statement, mission to the imprisoned John the Baptist by re- "There is no effective religious movement among porting that the poor "had good tidings preached the disinherited in America. As a result they to them."

are simply outside the pale of organized Christi- Is the Church taking an active place in the hon- anity." est resentments of life? Are churchmen near Professor H. Paul Douglass says in the Spring- those who are clubbed to death in food riots? Is field Survey, "The churches have run away from the Church aware of the dangers of regimenta- the areas of desperate needs." The preacher who tion of millions to the lowest levels of life? Is was asked to speak before a mass meeting of re- the heart of the Church touched by the misery lief strikers was quite shocked when, as he was and tragedy of the victims of modern selfishness introduced as "Reverend," a worker yelled, "We and stupidity? Is the influence of the Church don't want any religion here." This experience feared by the privileged and selfish classes?

and these statements quite characterize the usual Should the Church be an open door for everyone?

[295 ]

As a rule the language of the Church is un- bodies gave leadership much good was accomfamiliar and means little to the unemployed. Its plished. In Grace Church a Self-Help Cooperaappeal often suggests an obscurantism in which tive in two years, with a small outlay of cash, there is no action. The unemployed recognize two did over $34,000 worth of business in furnishing or three significant needs and are waiting for a actual commodities to the poor. It is clear that revolutionary Christianity which deals with real- men who have no wealth and who do not control ity in accordance with those needs. Major moral the means of production struggle against almost insights are dependent upon human needs. A impossible odds, and as a result this first great middle class society with, fair prospects, from and fundamental urge of the unemployed has been which is drawn the major constituency of the largely dissolved. Church, turns its attention to moral questions of a different type than does a society of people out People turned increasingly to what is apparof work, whose future appears empty and hope- ently the only alternative-relief. Agencies were less. Where profit seeking capitalism increasingly inadequate and distributed relief in monthly sums fails to support the people, middle class people as low as $9.00 per month-$13.00 in Denver. will have to decide whether or not to join the The people could not live on this scale and a secdispossessed in a struggle for a truly Christian ond movement developed involving hundreds of social order; organizations and thousands of members. The main purpose was to demand more adequate relief. One fundamental contribution of any church to These organizations were quite resentful and met the solution of this problem is the maintenance considerable opposition but struck fear into sociof an atmosphere of fair play and a platform ety. Some churches accepted the opportunity to which asserts itself in a policy of true freedom work with them. Night after night hundreds of speech. Only in this way can the church be were turned away from packed meetings at Grace close to people and so come to know and follow Church. Gradually, the Government entered the the way of God. Grace Community Church, Den- field and relief was raised to an average of $30.00 ver, maintains a policy sensitive to people in which a month. every minority and oppressed group may find expression. . Twenty-six different unemployed Unemployed soon found that bombarding relief and workers' organizations count Grace Center as agencies was both unhappy and futile. After all, a regular meeting place. Among them are: relief workers or their organizations were not the Baker's Union, Sheet Metal Workers, Truck Driv- ones that put people out of work. Multitudes hurers and Teamsters, Tramway Employees, Tank ried to other extremes and joined visionary move- Builders, Retail Clerks, Auto Mechanics, A. F. of ments born out of hope. Millions joined the L. Rank and File, Unemployed Cooperatives, In- Townsend Clubs, the Utopian Societies, the Techternational Labor Defense, National Workers Al- nocrats, and other organizations. Much energy liance, Colorado Cooperative, Inc., Townsend was dissipated but may have saved the United Clubs, Utopians, Socialist Party, Technocrats, States from more serious disturbances. Ex-C. W. A. Workers, Poultry Cooperative, Farmers Union, Joint Council of Women's Auxiliaries, Another stage involves two directions—{)ne Good Government Club, Voters Clubs, Workers sound, in which people study their problems and Press Conference, League for Human Freedom, attempt to survey life. The Denver Labor College League Against War and Fascism, Labor College, had three terms this past year with courses in Homesteaders Club, Miner's Cooperative, F. E. Economics, Sociology, NRA, History of Labor, R. A. Workers, Relief Strikers, Consumers Coop- Social Insurance, Labor Law, Dramatics, Systems erative Study Club, Transient Boys Club, Workers of Social Change, Proposed Economic Programs, Boys' and Girls' Clubs, and Mooney-Billings Com- and other courses. The other direction represents mittee. another wild fling, this time behind the glittering generalities of such personalities as Huey Long Churches sensitive to what has happened these and Father Coughlin. This second direction replast five years will note the following develop- resents a grave danger in which America may ments. Immediately after the crash in 1929, un- unwittingly be Hitlerized. employed almost in mass resorted to self-help activities. Many organizations developed in The Constitution of the Workers and Farmers every community—{)ver thirty in the City of Alliance of EI Paso County, Colorado, strikingly Denver. This work proceeded largely without similar to others over the country, represents a public approval and was sometimes discouraged more earnest effort by the unemployed. Incidenby both business and organized labor. Social tally, one of the trusted officers of this Alliance is workers generally ignored this outpouring of co- Rev. John Jorden, of St. Paul's Church, Colorado operative initiative, but where churches and civic Springs. This relationship is typical of hundreds of situations and indicates a part that the church can play. This organization strives to be wholly

HOW THE CHURCH CAN HELP THE UNEMPLOYED

American. The Preamble to the Constitution is activities. In many instances all that is needed well worth reading. is encouragement to develop some significantly helpful and creative interests, including interest Because of the hopeless political situation now confront- in Consumers' Cooperatives. Education should ing the United States, and the fact that our Legislative, be dominant. Ministers should be especially Executive and Judiciary bodies are in constant disagree- aware of workers' education, and should promote ment regarding a workable program to stabalize industry related activities of forums, panels, dramatics, and fulfill the promises of a new deal for the masses: We, music, art, and other avocations. the producing citizens of the nation have found it neces- Excellent work is being done in the field of GRACE CHURCH COOPERATIVE POTATO CAMP workers' education. Preachers need to be in- formed. The purpose of this workers' education sary to organize in sundry groups for self-protection not is: "to foster among workers a better understandonly against entrenched predatory wealth as formerly, ing of economic and social problems, interpreting but also against gross injustice caused by political favor- them in the light of accurate information and of itism in the government agencies entrusted with the dole our own experience; to instruct workers in prinand work relief program for its millions of unemployed ciples of labor organization and in method of victims. . . . building an activ.ely intelligent Labor Movement; to encourage the building of a social order ade- Our meetings will be educational in nature and should quate for all the needs of all the people." follow the lines of economic class interest without advocating any special creed or politics and our aim should be the The pall of many churches in unemployed amalgamation of all useful workers of hand and brain, in neighborhoods is poor church attendance and order that a careful and intelligent mass action may be apparent indifference. Cooperation on the part applied in case of a crisis. of the church to meet the real needs of the people will make the minister a busy person with a hun- dred demands: as a speaker before unemployed groups, an advisor, and a leader in the effort to bring about better conditions.

The church should also strive to be a commu- nity center endeavoring to meet special needs- for recreation, nursery schools, activities to pre- A casual observer will note that the world will A GRACE COMMUNI'IW CHURCH BOYS' CLUB whirl for some time to come. This easily reveals the first opportunity of the Church to the unem- vent juvenile delinquency and help with family ployed. Churches need to open their doors and problems. Grace Church received the following allow space to be used by the people. Churches letter from the Crime Prevention Bureau of in the less fortunate neighborhoods should not be Denver: closed week days. More fortunate churches could well afford to help support strategically located DEAR REV. WAHLBERG: churches of the disinherited as centers for unemployed and workers' activities. Grace Church I wish to use this means of expressing to you my comhouses over 300 different meetings a month. The pliments of the effective work you are doing in your December report of the caretaker is interesting. district. "We have at this time meeting here nine labor unions, sixteen educational and workers' classes, four labor auxiliaries, and fifteen other groups. The chapel and rooms iIi the Community Building, including Children's Work and Boys' and Girls' Clubs, are used 365 times a month, not including the Sunday school where the rooms are used again. The Chapel frequently is used and cleaned as many as four times daily, especially on Saturdays -most of the others twice daily."

A second procedure is to cultivate self-help

From a spot map made in the Juvenile Court, I find It is the experience of the writer that the unemonly one boy's case filed in 1932 and one in 1933 in the' ployed, when confidence is established, turn eagerarea bounded by Broadway, West Colfax and Speer. This ly to the Christian minister for guidance. The is indeed a fact to be proud of. Grace Unemployed Cooperative Arbitration Com- mittee, of which the pastor is a member, has been The work of a community center with the necessary able to settle many disputes and has handed down equipment can never be estimated in dollars. Our delin- many interesting decisions. The Church can win quency problem would be practically wiped out if we had many of these people to Christ if, in addition to a sufficient number of such institutions as the Grace Com- shouting the Kingdom of God, it also uses its munity Church. influence to build up the Kingdom and to share its blessings with the workers. Trusting that your good work will continue, I am Respectfully, A labor union took over the job of decorating EDMUND C. YOUNG, Grace Church in which twenty-one unemployed painters donated most of their time until the job Bureau of Probation and Delinquency Prevention. was completed. Asked why union labor was will- ing to work without pay the union boss replied, The Church must give meaning to its social "We men like to help a good cause. A church GOSPel pronouncements if it hopes to win the that is doing the work of your church deserves unemployed to Christ. To announce that the the best. If we had left our job half done, we Church is committed to fair wages and better would always have felt guilty. We just have to working conditions and at the same time to ignore play fair with these boys and girls. And a fellow the plight of workers in any particular neighbor- is willing to do most anything when he is apprehood is a glaring contradiction which indicates ciated. Most folks, it seems, find it a lot easier insincerity. Church people as a rule have no true to damn us and misunderstand us. Here, we have idea of such things as socialism, corporations, seen with our own eyes a real service, and have labor unions, strikes, lockouts, and other social felt a real Christian appreciation of humanity. concepts that are constantly met in this world. You can't turn that down. It ain't profits. folks The unemployed are often more anxious about wants, it's life." finding something good in the Church· than is the Church itself. Religious interest is riot highly developed in the masses. Nevertheless, they are keenly sensitive to a common language that bespeaks fellowship in the struggle to iive.

Juvenile Criminals and the Church By HOMER L. DICKERSON, Nickerson, Nebraska j there is no such thing as "an average juvenile delinquent," we maintain that in the majority of THERE are few social problem~, today of more cases these characteristics are found. Just as we interest than that of crime. _any plans are have what we term the average American citizen offered for its solution. Some may work but so we note the characteristics of the average many are hopeless. There is one thing certain, juvenile delinquent. He may be described as folhowever, that if we can stop juvf!nge delinquency lows: the larger problem of crime is s~lved. How to do this has thus far batHed those'most interested. He is 18 years of age and unmarried. He is a Some believe criminals are born to be at odds nominal member of a church that he never atwith society. Others say that any child born into tends. (See table 2.) His mother and father the environment out of which delinquents come, are of foreign birth and do not speak the English is doomed to spend his life fleeing from the law. language well. (See table 1.) He has been raised in a home in which there has been serious trouble On the basis of an investigation of a modern due either to -divorce or death of his parents., reformatory, we make certain suggestions as to (Sixty-one of the boys did not live with both of what the Church can do about the solution of their parents.) This average delinquent has this problem. always lived in a poverty-stricken home situated in a tenement district of a large city. There are For convenience and clarity we include a chart seven in the family and some of his brothers have of two and have summed up the dominant char- been in trouble with the authorities. The boy did acteristics of the 100 boys and included them in what we call the average delinquent. While we readily admit the weakness of this method, since

JUVENILE CRIMINALS AND THE CHURCH

not like school and often played truant. He began ous to mention. Each situation has its own soluschool at the age of six and left at fourteen after tion; the main thing is that the minister take completing the seventh grade. His mental age an interest in such boys. is approximately ten years and eight months. This young man has repeated at least one grade The program of the Boy Scouts should also in school. Since then he has had two jobs and appeal to boys. Yet our survey shows that only worked on each on the average of nine months at three had membership in that organization. While $16.98 a week. He was unemployed at the time certain phases of the Boy Scout movenie]J.t may he committed the crime for which he was sent to not always appeal, yet the whole program is the Reformatory. His leisure time was spent in flexible enough to be adjusted to many needs. The loafing. Prior to his present committal he has great difficulty' is to get leaders. Here the minbeen convicted of four crimes. ister can be of great help, through appealing to his men to give their time in taking care of a What Can the Church Do? Scout patrol of potential delinquents.

In making recommendations as to what the The Prevention of Delinquency minister can do to aid in the rehabilitation of these boys, first let us consider the position of the Weare not concerned alone in rehabilitating minister in the community. boys but rather in preventing them from becom- ing delinquent. The natural question is what He is the man especially trained to guide those can the minister do about the boy whose parents forces which build character. While it is not cannot speak English freely? It seems only reanecessary or wise, that he be the head of such sonable that he use his influence to obtain social organizations as the Y. M. C. A., the Boy Scouts workers who speak both languages and know and other leisure-time agencies, he should be in both cultures, to act as foster parents to both the constant contact with them and should aid in young man and his parents. If this can not be making their influence felt in the community. Ac- done an effort can be made to obtain members of cording to this survey the Y. M. C. A. and the his church willing to "take" a foreign-speaking Boy Scouts have played little or no part in the family and help to orient them to their new envilives of these boys. Only two have attended the ronment. He can open his church to classes in "Y" and three the Boy Scouts. Such a situation adult education. should not exist. Certainly the recreational program of the "Y" should appeal to the thousands In facing the problem of the school we find it of potential delinquents. Despite the fact that particularly difficult. Our survey shows that 73 per cent of the boys came from cities where overwhelming numbers of the boys studied have the Y. M. C. A. is operating, only two per cent had difficulty in school, many at a very early age. were regular attendants. The ministers can aid in The survey also shows that the majority of the getting boys who need the "Y" into its recrea- boys were below the average mental level. Taking tional classes. It is probable that the apparent all these things into consideration it seems wise, failure of the "Y" is not due to any desire on its that when this situation is known to exist, we part to serve only those of the more favored should adapt our educational standards to meet classes, but rather due to a lack of financial and the needs of this group. They have proven their moral support from those whom the minister can mental handicap, and to continue trying to make reach. Putting it more plainly, the delinquent them measure up to the old recognized educational very often cannot pay for membership. Neither standards simply fosters truancy. Many people can the "Y." Some one else must do it. The today believe truancy to be the threshold of a minister, working in cooperation with the "Y" criminal career. The minister once convinced of secretary, could help in getting his church mem- the necessity of teaching the manual arts to those bers to subscribe toward free memberships for who have difficulty in mastering textbook knowlsuch boys as these. edge should use his influence with the school au- thorities to provide these children with opportuni- The minister should be one to greet the boy ties t(')· develop their talents along the lines of upon his return from the reform school. He their abilities. can act as the one to whom the boy can go for guidance. It would be worth while· for him to The writer is not qualified to offer a perfect see that the young man is immediately given a educational program. Modern educators are free membership in the "Y" and that he be per- working on this and in many cases are doing a mitted to join other clubs provided for him. He fine piece of work. Some examples are the project might prevail upon a member of his church to method, platoon or opportunity classes and trainact as a Big Brother to the boy. The avenues ing in the manual arts. These programs are built the minister can open to help him are too numer- to fit the needs of the pupils. The greatest ob- stacle to that kind of training comes from the

adults who have been through the old system, and ing minister. The laboring man should under- are convinced of its merits and resent any change. stand that the Christian religion functioning If they had the new system explained to them, properly will obtain for him the very thing he many would approve it. The Parent-Teacher As- wants most; that is, a chance to live life at its sociation is an excellent organization for foster- best.

ing understanding between the parent and the Having said all this, the natural question arises teacher. The minister can offer very practical how can a minister find time to do all these things ? help toward this understanding by becoming an One minister may not be able to do it alone but active supporter of this organization and advising groups of ministers, planning together can do the his church members to do the same. work effectively. It is admittedly a hard task. Reformatory officers believe their plan of keep- Some people may be poor and others rich, some live in tenements and others in mansions, some ing every waking moment of the boy's days full of are in conflict with the laws and others obey them, activity, is responsible for their comparatively but all must be served by the Christian minister. small number of disciplinary problems. The His task is to coordinate these diverse groups so Christian minister can learn much from their ex- that the fortunate and the unfortunate will live perience. Many modern communities have very together in harmony, and all will be given an opfew other than commercial amusements for youth. portunity to enjoy the abundant life found in Motion picture shows soon become tiresome, many Jesus Christ. are unwholesome and the boys do not have the money to pay for these amusements. They must TABLE 1 get their recreation some place. Why not in the church? Most of our churches are now used THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH only one or two days a week. It is possible that a Place of Birth Fathers Mothers minister, working with his men could organize United States ……………….. . 44 41 clubs as leisure-time activities, varied enough to Italy ……………………….. . 22 18 appeal to the taste of most of the young people in Poland ……………………… . 8 10 the community. Each local situation should be Czecho-Slovakia ………………. . 3 3 Germany ……………………. . 3 3 planned in accordance with its own needs. Ireland ……………………… . 2 4 Such a program should interest these boys in Russia ……………………… . 2 4 the worship service of the church. There are England ……………………. . 1 1 some who doubt the efficiency of church attend- Australia ……………………. . 1 2 ance as a crime deterrent. A recent report from Lithuania …………………… . 1 1 Scotland ……………………. . 1 1 one reformatory reveals that there is a strong Wales ……………………… . 1 o correlation between church attendance before Haiti ………………………. . o 1 commitment and success on parole, and a still West Indies …………………. . 1 1 stronger link between church attendance while on Ukraine …………………….. . 1 o parole and success. 91 91 CHURCH ATTENDANCE PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Dead (Nationality not known) .. 9 9 Regular ………. 2 failing out of 26 ( 8 per cent) Total 100 100 Irregular ……… 35 failing out of 216 (16 per cent) None .; ……….. 15 failing out of 42 (36 per cent) TABLE 2 CHURCH ATTENDANCE ON PAROLE THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH Regular ………. 2 failing out of 77 ( 3 per cent) Attendance Irregular ……… 29 failing out of 169 (17 per cent) None …………• 23 failing out of 41 (56 per cent) Church Reg- Fre- Sel- Never Membership ular quent dom Ministers cannot obtain work for all the unem- 45 ployed. They can do much, however, to improve Roman Catholic 63 8 1 9 7 the situation. Ample opportunities offer them- 1 4 selves to a minister for making employers more MPArfeertsihcboaydntiesrtBiaaEnpptiis.sct.o.p..a.l ….. 13 0 0 5 5 conscious of the needs of the employees. The 6 0 3 Christian social message from the pulpit should 6 0 1 1 1 be practical enough and so pointed that no em- 2 2 ployer can mistake the practical application. A 0 0 1 '0 modern minister should let the employees in his 0 1 parish know that he understands their· problems Hebrew ………….. 0. 3 0 0 0 and can offer practical advice and help. Labor organizations need the influence of an understand- African Methodist …. 3 0 0 Greek Catholic …….. 2 0 0 Baptist …….. ~ ………. 1 0 1 Dutch Reformed …… 0 .. 1 0 0 Totals ……………. 98 11 2 17 68 The 99th boy stated he was a Protestant but never at- tended. The 100th boy was not a member of any church and never goes. These figures were taken from the boys' own statements.

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II Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO IN THE PROGRAM BUILD- to be used in the year opening in is one of the slogans of the new September, the n thoroughly day. ER'S WORKSHOP study them with your local groupings in mind. If possible, 4. Try to give every person in The "convenient season" for attend a summer conference your organization or group building programs is now upon where the new material is ex- something to do in the line of his us and missionary planners ploited. aptitude. All should work, learn, should take advantage of the fa- pray, give; but why hamper the cilities which summer affords 2. Ca,ter to appetites in the expression of truth by asking for that important bit of church matter of variety and pleasing Moses to make a speech or construction. The plans, speci- flavor. Don't serve the new Aaron to lead a multitude? It fications and blueprints for the things in the same old ways of might well be the task of a definew Home Mission studies are last year. Cast the material in nite committee to find not a but not yet available for your De- the form of p I a y s, pageants, the job for every member. Repartment Editor inasmuch as original dramatizations of the member that aptitudes which naher "mansions" are, like those in study books and leaflets, cos- ture has dyed in the wool can't Dr. Gordon's famous dream, tumed impersonations, visualiza- be faded out in the wash. "strictly limited by the material tions, object lessons, debates, sent up from below," namely, discussions, book reviews, mov- 4. Direct all study or inforsupplied in summer conferences ing and stereopticon pictures, mation into the channel of some and schools of mission study. capitalization of special days and expressional projec.t which shall An abundance of detailed plans events, exhibitions, demonstra- conserve instead of evaporating will be ready for our readers a tions, expressional projects for emotional energy. We learn little later. Meanwhile founda- hand, mind and pocketbook-all about this or that people in order tions may be laid according to the kaleidoscopic colorings for to do for them. the fundamental principles enu- truth which this Department has merated in this issue, and some tried to pass on from its con- 5. Use new charts. Find new specific plans of value are given stituency from month to month. machinery. Steer new courses. herewith. Sharpen up your Write to The Religious Motion But never lose sight of or subortools! Picture Foundation, 140 Nassau dinate the unchanging goal of St., New York City, for its cata- salvation through Jesus Christ On the Ground Floor log covering the widest variety for the whole world. Social of moving pictures available at service is a good means to the 1. Adapt plans to age-require- an insignificant price, if you can end; but it must never be misment and type of mind. For- possibly arrange to buy or bor- taken for the end. A unique iltunately m 0 s t denominational row a projector (s eve r a I lustration of adaptation of old agencies for missionary educa- churches sharing the same in- means to new conditions is aftion bring out annually courses strument, as in some friendly forded by the project called and programs prepared by ex- communities) . Study variety perts familiar with pedagogy and utilize the imagination. Cooperation Between the and current needs. "What is sauce for the goose" is no longer 3. Make sure you serve up P. T. A. and Church Schools considered "sauce for the gan- worthful material, not froth and der," as was formerly the case flavor meant as appetizers. Use The following article is contribin making up missionary pro- materials provided in the United uted by Mrs. J. D. Burton, Disgrams . for men and women, Mission Study Courses, supple- trict President of the Tennessee adults and children. But even mented by your specific denom- Congress of Parents and Teachwell-graded material needs to be inational plans and amplified by ers in the Sixth District: adapted locally, and this requires at least one independent publicagenuine work on the part of tion such as THE REVIEW, which The early history of education leaders. First write your de- sees beyond the boundaries of in Tennessee is the story of the partment of missionary educa- the various communions into the. early academies, in the main tion or the literature secretary Land of Universal Brotherhood private schools taught usually by for all the plans and materials and Cooperation. "Togetherism" ministers who had come into the communities for purposes of [301 ] evangelization. At that time these church schools were looked

upon as "foreign enterprises" Is it not possible that Mrs. Similar themes but much and the teachers as having nothing in common with the com- Burton has, in the foregoing, simpler ones must be used munities in which the schools outlined one of the "next steps" among junior groups. Are the were located and no cooperation with the public schools. This is in Home Missions? foregoing too hard for the averno longer true, and the leaders Instead of a "Preachment" age minister or his membership? in the private church schools The study necessary for adeand in the public schools have by the pastor or a program by quate discussion will in itself be learned to work together. It is unifying education and public the laity, why not have an occa- one of the high values of the sentiment in the Cumberland sional forum? Due to changes project. Do we "tremble for Mountains. The church schools today are rendering a fine serv- in psychology as well as current the ark of the Lord," fearing to ice in Christian education and pedagogy, this method of releas- "unsettle" our church folk? are pursuing the method of cooperation with other groups in ing information is becoming in- Most of the m, particularly the region. The leadership of the two lines finds a common creasingly popular, particularly among the younger generation, m€eting ground in the Parent- Teacher Association Movement among the educated folk inclu- .have already raised the questions which serves the home, school sive of the younger people (but and guidance in their thinking and community. It is nonsectarian and nonpartisan. Much then don't we remember the ex- will tend to clarify rather than is being accomplished in the way of coordination of e f for t. citing debates in "the little old to unsettle. This guidance is one Through this method public and private educators meet in joint red schoolhouse" of our youth ?) . of the major tasks of wide-awake deliberation as to ways in which From Stanley Jones' round table pastors and leaders and will be their programs can be coor- discussions in India even to suc- a direct contribution toward the dinated for the good of all. This involves unification of effort, co- cessful American evangelism, missionary cause. ordination of endeavor and economy of expenditure. pro and con discussions under a The forum method is particu- larly adapted to the considera- The Sixth District of the Ten- leader who holds the reins firmly tion of subject matter in our nessee Congress of Parents and to direct and to prevent a run- new Home Mission study books, away seem to fit the mood of the outstanding among which for Teachers is composed of seven adults is "Toward a Christian counties in the heart of the Cum- present generation. Given a America: The Contribution of berland Mountains. There are live topic, a skilful leader, a Home Missions," by Hermann N. Morse. (Cloth, $1.00; paper, 406 public schools in the district. small group of round-table talk- 60 cents.) An idea of its con- The problem of isolation is a ers who know how to talk, and tents and of the debatable ma- permission for a later free-for- terial may be gained from the large one in a number of places. chapter headings: all from the floor, with a definite Church schools are maintained time limit, such discussions I. Home Missions and the Chrishere by the Congregational, the among persons of any age above tian Ideal for America. Methodist Episcopal, the Meth- the grammar grades may prove II. Home Missions Reach Out. odist Episcopal South and the most fertile. They may even III. Home Missions Come of Age. Presbyterian churches, all oper- furnish a good Sunday evening ating under the boards and agencies of these denominations. service for the harassed pastor who preaches himself hoarse to The method followed is to have the private 'schools as members a handful. IV. Home Missions Take Stock of of the P. T. A. Movement, and to have their leaders participate in In these days of doubt as to the Present. the need of Foreign Missions, V. Evangelization-the Need. the Sixth District Conference of VI. Evangelization-the Means. the State P. T. A. Leaders of why not arrange a forum to ex- VII. Home Missions and Social Wel- ploit such live topics as these: public schools meet and make fare. contact with leaders of church schools in this way, thus pro- Have Foreign Missions outlived VIII. The Ministry of Service. moting mutual understanding of their usefulness? Are we justified in IX. Can Christians Cooperate?

viewpoints and needs. The joint diverting funds so badly needed at X. The Promise and Its Fulfilefforts are eliminating many ob- home to present the Gospel to an un- ment. stacles to the educational development of the region through willing people filled with the national- This study is most timely. Its istic spirit? the P. T. A. program. Can western Christianity be grafted keynote was sounded at the In- on to Oriental civilizations? Or are not their own reformed and modern- ternational Missionary Council ized religions better suited to the back- in its meeting at Jerusalem, by grounds and needs of Orientals? R. H. Tawney, when he said: Will not Buddhism be adequate if "You cannot at once preach the revamped by Christianity? religion of Christianity and practice the religion of material Is any Oriental religion or philos- success, which is the creed of a ophy sufficient for personal salvation?

"By their fruits"-a comparison of twenty centuries under Christianit"y great part of the western world with a similar period under any non- Christian religion or philosophy. and is the true competitor of Christianity for the allegiance May the sacred writings of Bud- of mankind." The 1935-36 dhists or Confucianists be considered their Old Testament, on which to graft studies face up to this fact and the Christian New Testament? To what extent may we now with- study the remedy. After the program builder has read one or draw our support in money and mis- sionaries from mission churches? more of the books written for

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING'

our consideration, forum topics colors and consequent denial of equal- expressed in His commands to His ity in opportunity. followers? (The devotional service will suggest themselves, espe- may well feature these commands.) Disproportional spending upon ourcially when the study is linked selves in building churches and educa- PUTTING THE "I" INTO "FRONup with the book of two years tional plants to the neglect of the less ago, "Christianity and Industry privileged. TIERSMEN"

in America," by Alva W. Taylor. War the traditional method of set- This program may either be given tling disputes. illustrated with the blackboard or a (Price the same as for current chart on which the letter "i" has been books.) Some general discus- Food raised in abundance and de- placed, that letter being enclosed in a sion topics might well be: stroyed, while many are in bread lines. ring in each of the suggested words , Personal expenditure on trivialities and neglect of missionary benevo- Has social service a legitimate place lences. What can you find in the written by the speaker as her theme in Home Mission study and endeavor, spirit and daring of the Pioneer that develops – "p art i e s," "m 0 vie s," or should we confine ourselves exclu- can be used by us as we plan a Chris- "t h rill s," "selfishness," "laziness," sively to evangelistic effort? tian solution in crossing these "open "service," "faith," "industry," etc., frontiers"? treating the large capital "I" in the Can the needs of village or town be same way; or two cards about 8×10 better met by a community church List the qualities or characteristics may be prepared with lower case "i" than a variety of denominational or- of Jesus which you think would be on one and the capital on the other, ganizations? needed by the Christian youth of to- two speakers giving the talk so that day who would enlist in this crusade? one may handle the undesirable and A study of "cooperatives." the other the desirable qualities. In- (The word "pioneer" is used several stead of being written at the time, as American Christianity and a mech- times in Moffatt's translation of the meIttioned previously, the words might anized civilization. New Testament. See Acts 3: 14 and be prepared beforehand and circled Heb. 12: 2.) with red as discussed. Capitalism and Christianity.

Cooperation vs. competition.

The new Home Mission Frontiers.

WHAT ARE THE NEEDS OF HUMANITY? Speaker says the letter "i" repre- Sample Programs This study is to guide young people sents you and me-small and insig- nificant as we feel sometimes, so that The study of frontiers is a in discovering the common needs of we think it makes no difference what particularly helpful one among humanity around the wo~ld and help we do or say. So we put this "i" into the problems of the day. Where "movies," "thrills," etc., and get so are they? What type of leader- them become aware of the human engrossed in putting it into "good ship do they demand? What times" that we forget to use it anysupport can we render from the values to which Christianity has given where else. So long as we do that, it home base? Suggestive program will remain small "i," for it will find captions might be: Trails across emphasis in dealing with the problems its way into "selfishness," "indiffer- Frontiers; Trail Breakers; A ence," etc., and even, perhaps, into Christian Guide for the New of the world's needs. Ask the ques- "unbelief." As none of us wish to re- Frontiers; Scouting for the main "i" all our lives, we must study Kingdom in the Homeland; tion of the topic and list replies on the to put the "i" into "service," "faith," Christianity at the Crossroads in "trustworthiness," "generosity," "kind- 1935; Rediscovering America. blackboard. Leader of the discussion ness," "stewardship," "worship" and This Department is indebted to similar activities, in the course of the Disciples' publications for then directs the group thinking to the which it will grow and become large. packets of literature furnishing (Draw large "I," or second person studies on Frontiers, for young conclusion that we all need about the comes forward with card.) people. Programs might well be built on the topics and subtopics same things, regardless of geography, Many "I's" have become great by of which the following are ex- being put into "frontiersmen" who go amples: race or color; that some races in our forth with faith in God and man to some worthwhile task. There are GUIDEPOSTS THAT POINT THE WAY own land would have their needs met many worthy frontiers. Let us dis- cuss some sponsored by the Church- Jesus Christ the Supreme Pioneer. if we as Christians shared with them the field· of missions. Modern Guideposts Dis reg a r d more fairly; that the nations of the Boundary Lines of Tradition or Race. (The ensuing portion of the pro- To the Frontier of Life Work. world would enjoy a different standard gram includes short talks by several To That of Racial Understanding. members who give sketches of pioneers To World Peace. of living if Christians set out with a in various fields, either of their own To Law Enforcement. denomination or the world at large- To Foreign Lands. determination to share as they have Whitman, Grenfell, John Mason Peck, Call to a Crusade to Cross and Pos- been blessed. ' William Carey, Adoniram Judson, sess Open Frontiers. etc.) The common needs: A good Chris- Some of us would like to substitute tian home; a sound body; a chance the letter "u" for "i" in "frontiers," but it does not work. We cannot turn for, an education; an opportunity to over our responsibility to others with- out halting progress. work; wholesome recreation; friends *** and neighbors; worship and fellow- ship in church. God has a plan for each of us and Institutions through which our needs are met: Home, school, library, church, park, places of entertainment, hospital, stores, banks.

What is expected of each individual if these institutions are to function and meet the needs of the people?

Each person should contribute by (a) Living and sharing as a good cit- izen, regardless of race or color; (b) Working and sharing by giving of the particular ability that is his in con- tributing to his fellow man.

Do your fundamental needs differ from those of others in your commu- nity? Your nation? The world?

OPEN FRONTIERS Why? it is our duty to make the most of the "Frontiers are not East or West, Compare the community in which talents and opportunities He gives us, North or South, but wherever a man you live with. those of mission fields knowing well that the frontiers He fronts a fact." (home or foreign) of which you have appoints for us to develop will enable A Survey of the Facts: studied. Think of the different races us to render a worthwhile service and in the U. S.-Negroes, Orientals, Mex- to find genuine happiness. We know Freedom of youth to make its plans icans, etc., and say whether they have that He will not fail to put the "I" and choose its life work. the privileges which you have. that is Himself into the word: "Thou Common attitude of white people As Christian youth, in what ways hast been faithful in little things, that of superiority to other races or can you carry out Christ's ideals as enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,===–===–=-======–=-===-===-====—====,~ WATCH AND PRAY before my mouth; Keep the door by Senorita Laura Jorquera of of my lips." Santiago, Chile. The theme is Recently, an exiled German "On Earth Peace, Goodwill To- Recently, Pope Pius XI led his ward Men." Senorita J orquera Christian leader answered the people in praying that the war writes: question, What can we do now makers in the world might be scattered. The implication of Close upon three thousand years for the German people? by say- such praying is that cooperation ago, a prophet of Israel laughed deing quietly – "Too late, too late, risively, saying: "They see visions of with God, our Heavenly Father, peace, and there is no peace" (Ezekiel for the practical help which in prayer and action would 13: 16). And his bitter words have hasten the day when, as Isaiah rung through the years, and are bewould have come if the allies of foretold-"justice shall dwell in ing constantly repeated in the same the last war had granted but a the wilderness; and righteous- derisive tones today. little armament and had pro- ness shall abide in the fruitful ceeded to disarm in their own field. And the work of righteous- All things to the contrary notwithcountries but a little. And now ness shall be peace; and the ef- standing, we believe in and we work fect of righteousness, quietness and we pray for the advent of peace I can only say 'w a t chand and confidence forever." And among the nations, for goodwill there shall be no more war! among men. Pray.''' The implications of his During Holy Week, the presi- "Watch and Pray" are that dents of the Federal Council of Does anyone ask if working friends will keep steadfast and the Churches of Christ in Amer- for peace is home missions? Annot curse another people; also, ica, the American Section of the swer: What price home missions that prayer may bring wisdom Universal Christian Council, the if the world goes to war? how best to help. Do we "watch World Alliance for Internaand pray" that our own national tional Friendship through the Study and Act Rightly leaders, especially in public affairs, be given wisdom? An Months and years have gone American Christian I e a d e r startled a group by praying for Churches, and the International into the study now offered in the Mr. Hitler that he should "look upon his own people with com- Missionary Council, sent out a new home mission study text passion, and thus find wisdom world-wide call to prayer for "Toward a Christian America," for the next steps." Have we peace "To All Who Love Our by Hermann N. Morse. A discusprayed for Hitler? "Lord we believe. Help thou our unbelief." Lord Jesus Christ." Written at sion outline to be used in con- A communication dated March a time when "the spectre of war nection with the study of "To- 28, 1935, from the Woman's Disarmament Committee of Inter- again haunts the world" and ward a Christian America" has llational Organizations wit h when "today the world for which been prepared by Kenneth Dexheadquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, sent an appeal to the Jesus Christ died seems ready to ter Miller, pastor of the Presbywomen of the entire world "to remain calm in the face of the crucify Him afresh," the appeal· terian Church, Madison, N. J. complications and anxieties of the present hour." It begs them urges upon all Christians to Determined effort to bridge any not to circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports, but on the pray for peace in every public chasms existing among the contrary, never forgetting the interdependence of nations, to service, and in their homes; also young, the somewhat older, and keep intact their faith in the ideal of international coopera- that "in our own lives we so older church members is back tion. Do we "circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports" and truly have the spirit of peace of the other texts – "Christian so add to the general disorder? With the Psalmist, may we pray that we can be co-workers with Youth in Action" by Frank W. now, "Set a watch, 0 Jehovah, God in building a peaceful Herriott, and "What Will You world." Do About It?" by Frank W. Her- The next World Day of riott and Sue Weddell.

Prayer for Missions sponsored Will you also seriously con- by the Committee on Women's sider if last year's study of "Th~ Work of the Foreign Missions Oriental in American Life" has Conference, and the Council of changed prevalent attitudes to- Women for Home Missions will ward Japanese, Filipinos, and be on the first Friday in Lent, Chinese? Are our hom e s, February 28, 1936. The pro- churches, and communities gram for 1936 has been prepared changed because we studied?

[304 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOM;E MISSIONS

God forbid that it could have into Christian ways of life, and He applied to the agency for such a job. There were no jobs just then. been only a passing show! true American citizenship. He wanted to be kept busy, he would The Lost Generation of At a recent meeting of the In- do some painting anyway if the dian Committee of the Home agency would furnish the paint. The agency had no paint to furnish. Joe American Indian Youth Missions Councils this question hung around the reservation. Futility, was discussed. It was sug- boredom, the ridicule of the old people The lost generation of Indian gested that missionaries among -well, drinking helped to get through Americans is the present one. the Indians should be supplied the day. Joe started to drink, first Here and there are bright areas with good books on anthropol- once in a while, then whenever he where Indian boys and girls are could get some one to pay for it, or having the opportunities to "life, ogy, as for instance "The Amer- get an odd job for enough to buy a liberty, and the pursuit of hap- ican Indian" by Clark Wissler; drink. piness," but over and around the few bright areas are storm "The Indians of Today," by Schools and communities clouds of suspicion, animosities, George Bird Grinnell; "The where a staff of Religious Eduheated arguments, and the de- Story of the American Indian," cation Directors is now being struction of life processes by the maintained by the Indian Compersons and groups who should by Paul Radin. "Facing the Fu- mittee of the Home Missions ture in Indian Missions" by Mer- Councils: riam and Hinman, and the lat- ter's study, "Indian Americans instead give life energy to con- and Christian Missions" are still Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mexico. Number of students enrolled: structive measures. Even church available. "Indians at Work," Albuquerque, 690; Santa Fe, 487. groups during the storm have issued by the Office of Indian Flandreau, South Dakota. Students, given less and less Christian Affairs, is available on request 450. leadership and money for reli- from the Department of Interior, Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kan- gious education work among In- Washington, D. C. Sas. Students, 675.

dian students. They have grown In the present liquor situation Lac du Flambeau, Wi s con sin. weary in well-doing or they too in the U. S. A., Christian citizens Largely community work where pupils are in public schools. argue about matters which living near Indian neighbors can Salem Indian School, Chemawa, should be secondary to the reli- be of service in preventing ex- Oregon. Students, 300. gious training of these potential Sherman Institute, Riverside, Calileaders of a minority group of ploitation of "the lost genera- fornia. Students, 658. tion." Merriam in "Facing the American citizens. Future in Indian Missions" The educational policy of the From the March number of p(}i,nts out that originally Indians Government is concerned with Indian Truth, published by the were not distillers of liquor. "An building up family-and-commu- Indian Rights Association, the Indian with a little money is a nity life for Indian people. The good customer for the illegal dis- seven schools in which the staff following is ~uoted : is at work will continue. Sev- eral other large high schools When the Wheeler-Howard bill be- penser.. . Prohibition has came a law June 18, 1934, it author- brought a new set of problems. have asked for religious educa- ized .appropriation of $12,500,000 al- Ever since 1802 the Federal Gov- tion directors. The opportunity though not one penny was actually ernment has attempted to con- for mission enterprises of a made available. community type, such as at Lac trol the sale of liquor to ward The Budget estimates as submitted Indians . . . the bootlegger du Flambeau, is increasing. to Congress carried the following items for operating the Wheeler- takes advantage of open coun- Howard Act: Revolving Credit Fund try." And the people are de- With more cooperation of church $5,000,000 or one-half the amount authorized; .for land acquisitions $1,000,~ stroyed! g r 0 ups and individuals, the OOO-<me-haif. of the aut h 0 r i zed One of the directors on the Home Missions Councils are amount; for student educational loans staff of the Home Missions Coun- ready to serve more adequately $175,000c-which is $75;000 below the cils wrote recently: the Indian youth of today. authorization; and for expenSe. of tribal organizations, $250,000 -the Joe comes from a reservation in Bright Areas original authorization. South Dakota. South Dakota is mostly As Congress specifically authorized farming country. In times of drouth Young Indian Wedding: "Not certain appropriations to carry out the there are no .crops. When there are no provisions of the act, it would seem to crops there are no fobs, and no money. long ago a couple of our fine be in duty bound to at least accept the From Joe's home to the nearest well young people expressed their de- budget estimates; otherwise any fail-' of water was a walk of over a mile. sire to be married. Both were ure to secure the results expected can-. :.Joe's father and mother did not care graduates from the Sherman Innot be charged against theadminis:,J' ·much any more. Joe went away to a dian Institute. The young man trative officers. ;' . . . r 'vocational school. Painting seemed to fit him best, and he was good at it. is employed at the Institute on One controversial mat t e r Not particularly gifted as a leader, the farm. As they wanted a Joe was. nevertheless cooperative and quiet wedding we were delighted which limits advance in religious community minded. The staff de- pended' on his support in student ac- to have them choose our home work is the advantages and dis- tivities. Then at his graduation, Joe for the occasion. advantages of recognizing the' went back to the reservation. If ever best in the old' Indian culture a place needed paint it was Joe's own "On the morning of the chosen and customs and using these best home. But the old people grinned. day the bride brought arm loads where was the money to buy paint? elements as bases for growth of wildflowers to decorate the

fireplace. Red candles- were College where they have been Hitherto the Commission on Interplaced on the mantle in accord- students for two years, living at ance with their wish. Lovely racial Cooperation has taken no posisprays of apricot blossoms com- Sherman Institute and earning tion relative to federal anti-lynching their board and room by render- legislation. We were agreed that the primary responsibility for the preven- pleted the decorations. ing twelve hours' work each tion and punishment of lynching rested upon state officials and courts, week. and that, in the last analysis, public Both girls are making very opinion was largely the determining good records in their studies be- factor. Consequently, the Commission from its inception has worked contin- ing on the honor roll. They are uously along these lines, seeking anti- planning to become teachers of lynching legislation in a number of states, urging vigorous preventive measures when lynchings were threat- ened, asking effective court action ,.Ilgainst the members of mobs, and at the same time seeking through all possible avenues of publicity and edu- cation to build up a public opinion that would no longer tolerate crimes of this character.

Lynching records of the last fifteen years indicate progress along the line of prevention. Officers generally are more vigilant than formerly in the protection of prisoners, thereby re- ducing the lynching toll. Meantime intelligent public opinion is practically unanimous in condemnation of mob "By eight o'clock in the eve- violence. On the contrary, with rare excep- ning a few close friends and be- tions, attempts at prosecution in lynch- ing cases continue to be futile. In loved teachers had arrived. The nearly every case the community hyssoft light of the candles and the teria which gives rise to a lynching open fire shed a mellow welcome. makes impossible any effective court "As the music began, the EUNICE LYNN action against the perpetrators of the bride, dressed in blue, and wear- crime. Consequently, in not one case ing a bouquet of violets, came in ten is an effective effort made by quietly in on the arm of the tall the authorities to identify and proseyoung groom. As the age-old cute the members of lynching mobs.

service proceeded the look of Home Economics. Both have Even in the rare cases in which such earnest reverence on their faces been active in the Christian efforts have been made indictments was indeed beautiful. And as work at Sherman, being Church have seldom been obtained, and conthey knelt in the firelight for the School teachers and leaders in victions have usually proved impos- various activities. closing blessing a prayer as- sible. ACT AGAINST LYNCHING Disappointed by this record of imcended from each of our hearts that they might be kept for many potence on the part of state and local officials, the Commission has reluchappy years of usefulness." tantly been forced to the conclusion that little is to be expected from this Eunice Lynn and Viola Meroney are both graduates with Of great interest not only to source, at least in the immediate fuhonor from Sherman Institute, those church groups and indi- ture, and that an appeal to the feda Government Indian Trade viduals who have endorsed a fed- eral courts in such cases is justified school. Both girls graduate this eral anti-lynching law but also and demanded by the conditions. spring from the Riverside Junior to those who have hesitated to do so is the following statement, The Commission favors, therefore, which comes from the Commis- the enactment of federal legislation sion on Interracial Cooperation, to this end, in the hope that federal agents and courts would be in better position to act fearlessly and effec- tively in the prosecution of partici- , Atlanta, Ga. This organization pants in the crime of lynching.

represents thoughtful and con- During the months since J an- scientious men and women, uarY,when the Costigan-Wagner white and Negro, from the four- Anti-Lynching Bill was intro- teen Southern states. Its mem- duced, multitudes of church peo- bership is composed largely of ple throughout the country have church leaders and educators gone on record in its favor. The whose wide knowledge of condi- Department of Race Relations of tions makes any statement is- the Federal Council of Churches sued by them of unusual signifi- has acted as a clearing house for cance. This statement which the denominations in respect to was given to the press and sent this measure, keeping church immediately to all the Southern leaders in touch with its prog- VIOLA MERONEY senators, is as follows: ress.

AMERICA Student Beliefs dispensaries, schools

community houses, Sunday A "City of God" Dr. William Lowe Bryan, schools, churches. President of Indiana University "St. Augustine was not the since 1900 and a consecrated Fifty-two colleges, twelve thelast to dream of a 'City of God,' " Christian leader, has had in- ological seminaries and fortysays a writer in the Presbyte- scribed in the lobby of the new eight universities are among the rian Tribune. The new mayor Union Building the following in- centers of work of the Board of of Vancouver, B. C., ran on a scription: Christian Education. It aids the platform of Christian reform educational work of 9,000 and during the campaign daily The University regards the Universe churches and Sunday schools, attended special prayer services Within whose infinity have emerged and maintains sixty-five Presbyconducted by the First Century terian ministers for work among Christian Fellowship. His first Order-Life-Mai, 50,000 Presbyterian students in public act as mayor was to pro- .Aristotle, Galileo, Shakespeare, universities. It gives financial claim a Day of Prayer, and help to students, recruits new closed the proclamation with the Lincoln, Jesus Christ. ministers and missionaries, eduprayer that He who had once cates the Church in money-raisgiven a vision of the Holy City A questionnaire has been cir- ing and in social progress, stim- "will grant us a vision of our culated at the University, the ulates and develops worship and city, fair as she might be; a city result of which is given in per- work in the local churches, and of justice, where none shall prey centages of students answering: every year publishes millions of on others; a city of plenty, copies of Sunday school lessons where vice and poverty shall Do you believe in God? 96 and illustrated weekly papers. cease to fester; a city of broth- per cent yes; 3 per cent no; 1 erhood and happy homes, where per cent doubtful. The proposed merger would all success shall be founded on bring the boards and agencies of service and honor given to noble- Do you believe in Jesus the Presbyterian Church down ness alone; a city of peace, Christ? 93 yes; 5 and 2. to three; twenty years ago there where order shall not rest on were seventeen. force, but on the love of all for Do you believe Jesus to be dithe city in which they dwell." vine? Answers, 80, 5 and 5. New Homestead Project Important Centenaries Do you attend church? An- Two hundred families on re- swers 89, 8 and 7. lief are to be transplanted to the Matanuska Valley in Alaska. Do you believe in prayer? An- swers 89, 9 and 2.

-Presbyterian Banner.

Consolidation Proposed A project for uniting two or- ganizations with assets of $47,- The present year marks the 000,000 and annual expenditures They have been tentatively secentenary of a number of im- lected from those who from exportant missionary develop- of more than $5,500,000 will be ments in the Protestant Episco- one of the questions to be perience and habits are best fitpal Church-among them: decided by the annual General ted to lead the rigorous life of pioneers in a northern climate. The reorganization of the Domestic Assembly of the Presbyterian They will live in tent cities durand Foreign Missionary Society and Church in the U. S. A., opening the formation of the Board of Mis- at Cincinnati May 23. The two ing the summer while the govsions, superseded in 1919 by the pres- ernment is building log houses ent National Council. bodies to be merged are the and clearing the woods. The Board of Christian Education, The departure of our first mission- and the Board of National Mis- settlers will take with them all aries for China. their household belongings; and sions. tractors and other essential The appointment of our first mis- More than 60 languages are farming equipment, together sionaries to Liberia. used by the 3,900 workers of the with live-stock, will be trans- The inauguration of the Spirit of Board of National Missions. ported to the site of the rehabili- Missions. They conduct 7,000 activities, The year 1935 also marks the trom Alaska to Cuba and Puer- tation project. Each family, un- 150th anniversary of the first to Rico; among mountaineers, migrants, Negroes, industrial der the FERA will be assigned a General Convention held in Phil- groups, Orientals, Indians, Eski- tract of 40 acres of improved adelphia September 27, to October 7, 1785. mo and Spanish-speaking Amer- land and a house. The site is icans. They operate hospitals, 125 miles north of the port of -The Living Church. Seward, on the Alaska railway.

[ 307]

It is estimated that this valley Only eleven groups contain more Mission Exhibit Dividends of 128,000 acres will accommo- than a thousand adherents, the remaining 383 having only a A recent mission exhibit in date 850 additional families on Ottawa disproves the idea that the basis of 40 acre tracts. dozen or two. These minor sects grow at the expense of the larger such methods have had their Since the Presbyterian Church ones, and multiply most rapidly day. The younger Episcopal in the U. S. A. has accepted re- when the parent group becomes sponsibility for this area, it is clergy of the diocese of Ottawa spiritually weak. sponsored this display. Work prepared to care for the reli- -Christian Advocate. gious welfare of these new com- among Canadian Indians, the munities. Rev. B. J. Bingle, Eskimo, and work in China, Jawho has carried on an itinerant extension work in the Matanus- New York's Indians pan, India and Palestine was . represented. Missionaries were ka Valley and is familiar with the conditions, has offered his The Cattaraugus Indian Res- present and gave frequent adservices to the Board for a min- dresses, telling about the work in ervation, some thirty miles from istry to the new families, and he Buffalo, is approximately twelve which they Were engaged. The will be on the ground ready to miles long and five miles wide. building was crowded every aftwelcome them. Arrangements ernoon and evening during the It has a population of 1,500 Senare being made to erect a house eca and Cayuga Indians. The week. After paying all expenses of worship as soon as a suitable Thomas Indian School at Irosite has been designated. a substantial balance was left quois, which is state supported, over to be devoted to the mis- has an enrollment of more than sionary work of the church. 225 orphan and needy children -The Living Church.

To Relieve Tension from the six reservations in the LATIN AMERICA state. A bus service takes 40 Senator Thomas, of Utah, has Indian boys and girls to the New Objectives in Mexico High School at Gowando. a plan, not yet proposed as a Baptist, Presbyterian and In March a conference of edu- definite measure, that there be Methodist Episcopal churches cational leaders and Board Sec- an interchange of American and have united in a program of retaries was convened in Coy- ministry to these Indians, in- oacan, Mexico, to study the Japanese students on a large scale. As Senator Thomas points cluding home visitation, daily whole educational problem in the vacation Bible schools, young light of shifting conditions. A out, students have been coming from the Far East for a number people's conferences, week-day new line of advance was suggest- religious training, social activi- ed and a new policy formulated, of years, but comparatively few Americans. have been studying ties, welfare work and related involving social centers and hos- in the Orient. He believes that enterprises. There are also a tels as substitutes for the tradi- the Japanese universities would Ladies' Aid, Red Cross Society tional evangelical. qay school, provide excellent opportunities and Girl Scout organizations. now made practically obsolete for graduate work. Ten thou- There is a fine relationship be- under the new legislation; in- sand exchange students could be tween the Indians and their tensive promotion of Christian financed for the price of a single education in the, home and the battleship. . white neighbors. -The Christian Advocate. church, and the preparation and -Presbyterian Tribune. pUblication of abundant and ade- The Multitude of Sects "The People's Friend" quate Christian literature. Lay leadership training, parent In a' recent newspaper an- For over twenty' years the training and more literature in nouncement of Sunday services above announcement has ap- the homes were recognized as in New York, Hindu cults out- peared on the bulletin board of foremost needs. numbered Methodist services ad- the San Antonio Mexican Chris- -World Sunday School News. vertised. It is believed that for tian Institute. There are now every religious group which advertises in the press, there are approximately forty' thousand Disaster Turned to Account ten which meet in private, in hotels, halls and apartments. Mexican people, either immi- This is the case not only in New grants or families of Mexican In Mazatlan, Mexico, the Mex- York, but in Chicago, San Fran- extraction, living in the Insti- ican Congregational pastor was cisco and London. All this is in- tute's area. Through its clinic denied the right to preach bedicative of the present confusion and health service, about 100,000 cause the quota of clergy alin religious thinking. The speed people have been helped in these lowed to the state was already with which these cults come and twenty years. Home life has full. His church had been satisgo is most significant. Since been improved, living condi- fied with the regular routine of 1925 no less than 214 new reli- tions have been transformed; public worship, with hardly any gious sects have arisen in Ham- every activity is impregnated interest in social service activiburg, Germany, and 123 of those with the Christian message and ties. This recent restriction sudthen existing have disappeared. ideal. The Institute has, indeed, denly waked up the congrega- tion, and in cooperation with the been "the people's friend." -World Call. pastor (acting as a layman) in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a program for social action, they when one considers the handicap children attracted many to are serving the community more which some are under in not being church. Through the children effectively than when their priv- able to read English. There are so adults were won, and a virile ileges were intact. For church few books in Hindustani. One of the work grew up. Young converts services they have joined with men bought a copy of Tarbell's Sun- became keen evangelists and visthe Baptists, whose pastor has a day School Lessons at the beginning ited neighboring villages, in permit to officiate. of the year. I knew he could nO't read many of which groups of Chris- a word O'f English and asked him tians formed. Opposition is not -Missionary Herald. what he would do with it. He replied so open as it was twenty-five that he would have his little boy read years ago, but petty persecution At Guatemala's National Fair it to him each day. During the year is persistent. Thousands of peo- ple are tired of Rome, and un- Guatemala's annual fair in some have come to us from Hinduism, fortunately many of them have November, 1934, gave a splendid turned to atheism, socialism or opportunity to present the Bible and are giving good account of them- spiritualism. to the people. This fair is at- selves. tended by open-minded people -The Christian. who accept everything that is -United Chur,ch Record. offered in a friendly spirit. A EUROPE booth was secured in a good loca- Brazil ForWard Movement tion, expenses were provided lo- Religious Film Society cally, missionaries cooperated A committee to carry out a with enthusiasm. There was also two-year program of spiritual A new organization in Great an Indian helper who had had development along the lines of Britain called "Guilds of Light" experience in bookstand work. the Forward Movement was ap- acts as advisory body to all He had his daughter with him, pointed at the 37th annual Coun- Christian agencies anxious to exin Indian costume. She had cil of Southern Brazil. Statis- periment in the use of the movbeen taught to play the organ. tical reports show gratifying in- ing picture for Christian ends. This in itself drew many people creases in the number of public It has founded the Religious to listen, as it is unusual that an services, in the total number of Film Society, whose work is Indian woman should do any- communicants, in the number of thing but grind corn, do the pupils in the day schools, and 1. The collection of all possible incooking and care for the chil- also a slight increase in total re- formation likely to be of value to anydren. ceipts in Brazilian currency. one desirO'us of experimenting with Many bought copies of the A committee appointed a year the film as a Christian implement. Bible or Testaments; portions ago to study the question of selfand hundreds of Gospel tracts support had reported the follow- 2. The stocking, exhibiting and hirwere given out to all classes of ing recommendations: ing of the types of projector and other people. Cultured business men apparatus most likely to be satisfacstood in astonishment, listening 1. That the self-supporting parish- tory in the hands of the amateur exto words of wisdom from the lips es maintain their contributiO'ns made hibitor. of the Indian brother, or from up to' the present time for the supa plain-looking student. The sale port of the clergy; 3. The production frO'm time to of Bibles was larger than for time as funds permitted, of specially many years. 2. That the congregations nO't yet written films which would be avail- self-supporting increase their contri- able on easy terms to all members of -Bible Society Record. butions toward the supPO'rt of the the Society. clergy accO'rding to a sliding scale. High Standards in Trinidad The scale includes every missiO'n in Two of the Society's films have the district; already been exhibited, "Master- Rev~ D. R. Macintosh, a work- ship" and Inasmuch" ; while er for the United Church in Can- 3. That each parish in additiO'n to' "David Livingstone" is being ada, writes from Princetown, these contributions pay the 7~ per prepared. Trinidad: cent due the Pension Fund; -Religious Tract Society. I was surprised to find the work of 4. That in every parish, cO'ngregathe church in Trinidad so well or- tion O'r missiO'n, there be created and Paris Three-Day "Mission" ganized, and am much impressed with intensified the spirit of general coopthe high standards of the schools. eratiO'n in the wO'rk O'f the Church, In the Latin Quarter of Paris Our mission schools stand high in and that the members be taught to' a three-day "mission" in Jangrading among the schools of the col- contribute liberally toward the sup- uary attracted large numbers of ony, in agricultural work they come PO'rt of the clergy as a means nO't listeners. The speakers-Charles first. One of the schools in this field only of hastening the independence of Westphal, W. A. Visser 't Hooft, holds the record, having taken first the Church but also of stabilizing its Pierre Maury-presented three place for the third year in succession establishment in Brazil. subjects: Existence de Jesusin 1933. Christ; Humanite de Jesus- -The Living Church. Christ; Devinite de Jesus-Christ. I never cease to wonder at the fit- Students in the Latin Quarter ness of 50' many O'f O'ur native preach- The Argentine Field have come to expect the missions ers for their work. They have surely of the French Student Christian made the most O'f the O'Pportunities Facts about the work in Ar- Movement which have been held gentina were brought out at the each winter for three years. The annual meeting of the Evangel- meetings were attended by in- ical Union of South America, held in London. An account was given of the establishment of a church in a small inland town, where first results were 'very meager, but the work of a Bible teacher at open-air services for

creasing numbers during the long history I know no single AFRICA three days – a heterogeneous moment that approaches the New Film Project group of foreign students, Stu- present in its terrible serious- dent Christian Movement mem- ness." What promises to be a valu- bers, communists and many Ro- He concludes his article with man Catholics. All participated able film project is to be under- in the discussions. Perhaps the the following words: "We dare greatest lesson which the organ- not expect too much from men. taken in Africa by the Depart- izers of the mission have learned There is only one thing that we is that students are eager to find can do and that is, to appeal to ment of Social and Industrial out about the central truths of all our friends in all the world the Christian faith, and that to pray to God with us. He can Research and Counsel of the In- therefore it is much less neces- help. He has proved this often. sary than generally is believed to He can turn his severest extrem- ternational Missionary Council. spend large amounts of time and ity of German missions into energy on the preliminary or in- blessing. Therefore let us pray. It IS proposed to establish an extroductory subjects, to which in The danger has reached its peak. previous missions a rather con- Let all help that can!" perimental film-producing studio siderable amount of attention had been given. The missionary societies of at Vuguri, Tanganyika Terri- Germany are joined in a general lntercollegian and association known as the Ger- tory, where both instructional Far Horizons. man Evangelical Missionary Diet. In 524 stations they have and recreational films, based on In Old Castile 1,586 European workers, and 10,951 paid helpers. They care African life, with African ac- Valladolid, at one time the for 1,225,792 native Christians capital of Spain and famous in and 67,000 inquirers. They con- tors, will be made. . These films history as the place where Fer- duct 3,982 grade schools and 109 dinand and Isabella were mar- higher schools with 250,000 pu- will then be exhibited to native ried, Columbus died in poverty, pils. They maintain 31 hospitals and Phillip II was born, is now with 37 physicians. audiences over a wide area in a city of about 100,000. Rev. F. H. Grey was given permission to Protestant Movement in Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, hold an eight-day mission in this center of Spain's Reformation, Austria Kenya and Tanganyika. The obwhere many perished in the Inquisition. He writes in the It is reported from the Bureau ject of the scheme is to find out Latin American Evangelist: of Interchurch Aid, Edinburgh, that about 80,000 Austrians are how the African can be helped We had sought to prepare the preparing to leave Catholicism, ground by special prayer and the dis- in addition to the 22,000 who by means of the film to adapt tribution of 4,000 invitations, this lat- have already joined Protestant ter being zealously taken up by the churches. This is in the face of himself to the new ideas, morals, young men of the congregation. From many handicaps. A Roman Caththe beginning we felt conscious of the olic has twice as much opportu- customs and laws, according to power and working of the Holy Spir- nity for employment as a Prot- which his life has more and more to be ordered; and to introduce him to the best of these before his morals and his tastes are corrupted by less desirable films.

The whole project will be worked with the close cooperation of missionary, anthropological and government specialists, and will, it is hoped, prove to be of great value to all who are working for the welfare of the native in Af- i rica.

The scheme, which will re': quire from 18 months to two years to complete, has been made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Foundation.

it in our midst. Notwithstanding the estant and has no church tax to Changes in Seventy Years political unrest and fear as to the pay. Protestant churches are future which followed in the wake of the Revolution, the attendance at the self-supporting. The movement, Seventy years ago in what is meetings was very good, and the results were a real spiritual uplift for which was at first from all class- now the Diocese of the Niger, es of urban population, is now where Bishop Crowther began the believers, quite a number of souls spreading out in the country work, there were no churches or brought under the sound of the Word, some for the first time, and deeply im- among the farmers. It was pe- schools. To become a Christian pressed, and, finally, some led to a nalized by Dollfus and still is. then was to face the risk of persaving knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ. Those leaving the Church of secution, even martyrdom. To- Rome are ordered to be medi- day, as the result of C. M. S.

Present State of German cally examined as to their sanity. work in the diocese, there are Missions Ministers have been fined for 1,285 churches and 620 schools writing about Protestant opinion with an enrolment of 33,000 p.u- Prof. Martin Schlunk of Tii- of history or even for explaining pils. Scores of towns and vilbingen says in· an introductory Protestant doctrine. When giv- lages are still unevangelized, and article in the Neue Allg. Mis- ing religious instruction to con- wherever new openings are sionszeitschrift concerning the verts they are put under police made there is a ready response condition of the German mis- supervision. Yet the movement to the Gospel. In the Nsukka sions, "German missions are in mounts ever higher. district, where pioneer work be- the utmost peril and in their -Sunday-School Times. gan only some six years ago,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

there are now forty-five church- stage of development, the prom- and the American Board. Aces with an average attendance cordingly, a joint visit was made on Sunday of 4,000 people, and inence is given to subjects con- in November by representatives the life of the district is being of the two societies, and of the changed. In the Nupe district nected with home building. At Syrian Church. The deputation of Northern Nigeria, which has was impressed with the urgent been a hard and somewhat bar- the L. M. S. School in Tiger need, but reported one encourren field, the past year has wit- aging piece of work. At Kamnessed a record number of bap- Kloof girls have the choice of ishli a church building has been tisms (fifty in all) and also the erected largely as a result of the ordination of Mr. D. T. Sheshi, a four distinct courses: teacher efforts of the local community. native of Bida. He was the first This church was dedicated while convert from Islam through the t r a i n i n g; secondary school; the deputation was present, in a work of the C. M. S. in this area. service conducted in four lan- spinning and weaving; indus- guages, Armenian, Turkish, Ar- -The Life of Faith. abic and Syriac. trial, comprising domestic sci- Chieftain Finds the Way Syrian is becoming more and ence and needlework. Each more conscious of the needs of Sekulu Malenga was a chief- the rural areas. Village welfare tain who had an important part course requires three years' projects were conducted during in the development of the Ga- the summer by the American langue Mission as teacher and study. Personal and community University of Beirut and the adviser of the missionaries in Junior College for Women; but things relating to the country, hygiene are emphasized through- as yet not much has been done language and tribal customs. to meet the religious and evan- He died not long ago at the age out the course. One of the chief gelistic needs of rural areas. of ninety-seven, and just before The Presbyterian Mission is his death he said to the mission- needs of the African girl is to studying the problem, with a ary, Mr. McDowell: view to making it one of its aims know how to use her leisure in the future. I am an old man. I have held my children's children's children. I am wisely. When she leaves school -Near East Christian now tired. In myoId age I have Council News. been blessed: with new friends and and goes back to her home there acquaintances, principally the Lord Palestine's Mission to Jews Jesus, the child of the Great Chief. are often hours a day when she I go to Him and to my fathers with The Church Mission to Jews ill-will toward no man. My going is is left to her own devices. "Way- in Palestine lays the chief emno mystery. Rid of this tired body phasis upon follow-up work with and face to face with my Saviour and faring" (Native Girl Guides) is the individuals who seem of in the presence of the great Elders of most promise. The work of one the people, from Sekulu, Moses and one of the ways that Tige:r: Kloof individual with those who are Joshua on down to the present time, really seeking the truth is held I hope to be able to think more clear- is trying to meet this need. The to be of more permanent value ly and help to a larger degree my than the crowded program of a friends and children. industrial girl with her knowl- large staff of workers. The hos- pital in Jerusalem attracts a Sekulu became a Christian edge of crafts is an invaluable large ilUmber of Jews, and there about seven years ago. At that are vast opportunities for reachtime he held a large audience help in "Wayfarer" work in dis- ing the whole Jewish population. spellbound with the story of his The mission center is on the outsearch for life. He ended with tant places. For eighteen years skirts of Tel-Aviv, with its purethis statement: ly Jewish population – about about six Christ – consecrated 85,000. There are many indi- Today I join the caravan of a vidual Jews and J ewesses living great Leader, and I trust Him to girls pass out of the school each in Tel-Aviv who are definitely lead me to a just settlement of all seekers after truth, and some problems. The little that I have al- year. -The Chronicle. who are very open to Christian ready heard and understood of His influence. The task of the misway of life gives me enough to make Afrikaans Bible Sales sionary is to find them out and a start, and no caravan leader ex- to keep in touch with them. plains the whole trip at its beginning. Although it is only a year For these many years I sought after since the Bible was translated A new development is recordsomething, I knew not what. Now into Afrikaans, over 250,000 ed among Jews in Bagdad. An I have found it. copies have been sold in South ordained Hebrew Christian has Africa. As many as 10,000 Bi- gone there in the dual capacity -Missionary Herald. bles were bought in a single week. About 2'50,000 other peo- Girls at Tiger Kloof ple of the erstwhile Dark Con- tinent will be benefited when the Higher education for African translation of the whole Bible girls is, as yet, the privilege of into Bavenda is completed. For the very few. In their present the last fourteen years the Ba- venda, a tribe of northern Trans- vaal, have had to be content with the Psalms and New Testament.

-The Christian Advocate.

WESTERN ASIA Syria's Needs In recent years, new commu- nities have sprung up rapidly in northeastern Syria. These are very inadequately occupied in the missionary sense. At a meet- ing of the United Missionary Council of Syria and Palestine in Beirut, it was urged that this territory be made a field for united effort, especially on the part of the Presbyterian Mission

of pastor to an Arabic-speaking said: "Perhaps you would like to expense until its industrial pro- Christian congregation, and mis- know why I am a Christian?" They duction justified it. Dakhina, sionary to the 80,000 Jews living signif}.ed yes, and I said: "First of quick to grasp this principle, in there. He has a difficult piece of all, of course, I was born into a Chris- spite of his priestly caste, depioneer work to tackle, which tian home. But while still a boy I cided to learn the dignity of will make a heavy demand on knew little about Christ until I start- manual work. He also learned his patience, pluck and tact. ed to read the Gospels myself. Then the wonders of God's grace, and I discovered that Jesus Himself said, now prays that in spite of Hindu -Near East Christian 'I am the Bread of Life: I am the wife and relatives he will be bold Council News. Living Water. I am the Light of the enough in his belief in the Lord world. I am the Way, the Truth and Jesus as his Saviour, to testify Persia Now "Iran" the Life. I am the Resurrection and to it through baptism. Other the Life.''' Certainly they would Hindus hav~ followed, some have Another change in geograph- agree that no man could live without been baptized. ical names went into effect these things. To this they nodded March 22d, when Persia became assent, and I said further that since From various missions and officially known as Iran – its I had found Jesus as Saviour and distant parts of India, many Inorginal name. It links its people Lord, there had been peace and joy dian Christian young men, of racially and historically with the and satisfaction in my life. There ages varying from 17 to 25, and ancient Aryans. This is merely followed long dissertations from va- often outcaste from industry or an instance of nationalistic sen- rious ones, some of which I did not dependent on missions, were setiment, as by no means all Per- fully understand. They were attempt- lected as students. Many have sians are Aryans. Out of 10,- ing to show that all the prophets be- learned not only to be self-sup- 000;000 people fully 3,000,000 came in reality all that Jesus claimed porting but, being grounded in are nomads of uncertain racial as to the way, the truth, water, life, the Word by means of the threeorIgm. Hundreds of thousands etc. They said that of course there year systematic Bible course, of Jews live here. Many other were some things that they did not and in prayerful dependence on people are of distant Mongolian believe about Jesus, for instance that God, have started out to become origin. Nobody knows definitely He died and was raised again from "Young Pauls." Some have whence came the nearly 1,000,- the dead. I replied: "Of course, saved their earnings and set up 000 wild mountain tribes known every book m.ust bear its own witness. small work shops in their own as Kurds. But by whatever We Christians believe Jesus did rise districts. -Life of Faith.· name it is called, its missionary from. the dead because of the witness needs remain unchanged. Of its of the Gospels and the Apostle Paul." Week of Evangelism 10,000,000 people less than 65,- I told them what the Apostle Paul 000 are Christians. The only wrote in 1 Corinthians 15. Then I Christian forces in Mid-India agencies at work are the Amer- said, "But not alone from this wit- united in a week of evangelism ican missionary societies of the ness do we believe Jesus arose and March 11-18. "Every member a Lutheran, Presbyterian and Sev- is living. We have the witness of our witness for the Lord Jesus" was enth Day Adventists, and the own hearts, and the experience of the the ideal kept in mind. English Church Missionary So- Holy Spirit, and His love and peace. ciety. The entire Protestant For these reasons we believe that He Methods suggested by the Rev. membership is less. than 4,000, arose from the dead and is living." G. H. Singh, Honorary Director with 2,000 of them Presbyteri- I had carried with me a copy of each of Church-Centered Evangelism ans. The ~omanCatholics have of the Gospels, one of Acts, and a for Mid-India, included the folmore than 60,000 communicants. copy of the Psalms. I said to them, lowing:- "I have some copies of the Engil with -Missions. me. Perhaps you would like to see 1. Christians testify, teach and them and have them." They signified work among their own relatives. With Afghan Mull~hs yes, and I drew them..from my pock- et. The musktihid raised them in both 2. Efforts be confined to a single Rev. J. Mark Irwin of Meshed hands to his forehead, and then sat group or caste. describes an opportunity which there holding them with a show of came to him on a recent visit to great reverence. Soon they were in 3. Use of newly-prepared drama on Afghanistan. He asked permis- the hands of the others and they were life of Venkaya, famous robber chief sion of the governor for a visit all looking at them, and reading them of South India, available from Miswith the leading Mohammedan as the conversation continued. sion Press, Jubbulpore, for 2 annas. ecclesiastics. The governor cordially arranged this. Mr. Irwin INDIA AND BURMA 4. Prayer, undergirding the work writes in the Presbyterian: every step of the way. Industry and Evangelism At ten o'clock we were taken to the 5. Thorough preparation prior to government headquarters, and there Ten years ago Edwin Law- March 11. seated around a great table were rence, a young engineer who some ten or more mullahs, with the 6. Work continued for 12 months chief of Foreign Affairs and several held an appointment in India, of the year, fostered by a special comother men. At first I drew a deep mittee appointed at next meeting of breath and thought, 'Now what shall was led to found a new type of the Church Council. I say?" After formal greetings, I service which he named the "In- -The Indian Witness.. dia Industrial Mission," and lo- cated in a vacant mission prop- Floating Hospitals for Bathers erty at Cossipore, Calcutta. The first to join the Mission was a Hindus of India every 27 Brahman, who came looking for years observe a religious festi- on office position, but learned val, of which one feature is a that India sorely needed produc- pilgrimage to the sacred Ganges tion workers, and that this Mis- sion had no funds for overhead

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

River for a ceremonial bath of crisis has brought it about, that and methods of thought. About much work has already had to a dozen native Christians joined puri'fication. The year 1935 be given up even in the Danish the missionary and rendered val- Mission, which has had less to uable service. brought a recurrence of the fes- suffer than others. The other festival was at tival, which took place on Feb- Sangli Ohurch Life Courtallam, where thousands of pilgrims gather to bathe in the ruary 3d. More than 750,000 Sangli, in the Krishna River large waterfall. The people, valley, is the center of many however, were very indifferent, pilgrims invaded Calcutta, tax- enterprises. Willingdon Col- and many said, "Your religion lege, with its 350 students, two is not for us." ing its over-night lodging facili- boys' high schools, a newly- founded girls' high school and -The Christian. ties to the utmost. All along the many primary schools make it an educational and cultural Outcaste Wins a Brahman 1,500 miles of river millions of center. Through the American Presbyterian Industrial and Mr. Pickett, author of Mass others gathered for the same Agricultural School which dates Movements in India, tells this from 1884, Sangli is a pioneer incident: purpose so that the British Gov- in village uplift and rural recon- struction. Within 20 years it . While touring in South India I ernment was gravely concerned has become a center of light for talked with an educated Christian depressed classes. To pursue all Telegu, formerly a Brahman, and over possible epidemics in Cal- these lines of service, the station asked him how he came to accept force last year numbered fifty; Christianity. He replied: "Because cutta from the influx of throngs one ordained and four unor- of a most marvelous personality dained viII age evangelists, whom I met." He went on to tell of pilgrims. Floating hospitals thirty-one teachers, five Bible- how he had been traveling with a women, two colporteurs and gentleman, an Indian, whose convercarrying large quantities of dis- seven missionaries. Within that sation and manner were so cultured year the Central Church has and interesting that he had spent infectants circulated among the been able not only to meet every with him three of the most deligl;ttful obligation, including the pastor's hours of his life. He asked this acbathers. -Missions. salary, but to open a free library quaintance on the train what caste on the Mission compound, to buy he came from. He could hardly cred- Tamil Missions instruments for the singing it his statement that he had been an band, and to supply fuel and oil outcaste. The first speaker said he The veteran missionary of to 30 students attending the five- could not get away from this fact, the Danish Missionary Society, day Bible Institute which was and in the end bought a New Testa- Knud Heiberg, reports in the sponsored and financed entirely ment and studied it. He said the Dansk Missionsblad that condi- by the Sangli Church, with some mystery was explained, "I understood tions in South India are becom- help from the village churches. the power that could transform a life, ing more and more difficult for The Mission had no responsi- and I too accepted Christ as my Savmany of the older missions. The bility except friendly coopera- iour. I hunted up my friend of the Americans have been compelled tion on the part of the mission- train and asked him to baptize me." to retrench increasingly and the aries in Sangli. The Women's German missions are in a pitiful Society is a going concern. It -World Call. state since the German Govern- maintains five Bible classes. ment is preventing the sending Mass Marriage of Infants out of monies. He says that -Western India Notes. what makes the matter all the Their childish eyes bewildered more difficult, is that those in PTeaching at Festivals and their bare feet chafing the India can not obtain clear an- grass, 374 infant couples were swers from their country or Two Brethren missionaries married March 31 in North their boards on the real condi- have recently preached the Gos- Bombay Presidency. It was the tions. pel at two large heathen festi- largest mass child marriage cer- vals. The first was held near emony held in India in many The Tamil Evangelical Luther- Christianpettah, where the god years. Some brides and bridean Church has given almost all worshiped is supposed to be an grooms were mere infants in its workers notice of dismissal incarnation of Krishna. Mostly arms; some were small children. by May 31, and the conditions low-caste people worship at this Many babies, too small to walk, will doubtless force the German temple. The evangelists had to slept in the arms of their elders. missionaries to give up their put up with plenty of noise and Others gurgled happily at the fields of work, unless a change smoke, but they learned a great booming of gun salutes which comes before that time. One deal more of the native customs were a part of the ceremony. German mission which he knows Young bridegrooms arrived in was in this predicament-in decorated bullock carts and were January it received an amount carried before the priests. Many of 80 rupees, while its budget were not old enough to have required more than 3,000 month- even an inkling of what was takly. ing place. All the tiny couples There are some who have great ideas of having the Indian Church continue the work without the help of the older churches. But the time has by no means arrived, and even if there are parts of the work which the Indian Church can undertake in places where the branches have taken deeper roots, the present

then united in a feast, in which Christianity. The prevailing at- tives and backers of one's own the parents joined. titude of the vast bulk of Chi- clique. nese is complete indifference. -New York Times. Among the more educated class- -China Weekly Review. es Christianity is viewed as a Meet the Missionary! foreign importation, an alien, Effective Bravery cultural invasion. There is the Rev. C. E. Chaney, field secre- Communistic attitude which de- Dangiong, Fukien, is in a distary for the Baptist Mission in clares Christianity to be a form trict much troubled by bandits, Burma, after a tour in the Chin of economic imperialism and who make frequent raids on any Hills district, writes in the which condemns it, as it does all unguarded place, burning, loot- Watchman-Examiner: religio"n, as a deadly drug. The ing and killing. As the bandits typical attitude of the young had shown a certain degree of On arrival at Haka various ones Chinese today is that of the ag- respect for the Christian church came to meet us and shake hands nostic or secularist. and its workers, Christians in with us. One was a blind Christian Dangiong sent their valuables to who had heard of the visiting mis- -The Churchman. the church for safety. The sionary and had walked 100 miles bandits heard of this, and choosjust to shake hands. Two preachers The Best Governed Province ing a time when they knew the walked 25 miles to meet the visitor Bible woman was alone at the from the south. One evening I saw In a recent survey of condi- church house, they planned a the shadow of a man on the veranda. tions in China, Dr. Sherwood raid. The Bible woman, suspect- He was slipping away. I called my Eddy reports that of all the ing their intentions, had already companion's attention to him and provinces he visited Szechuen is persuaded the Christians to rewent to speak to him. He had walked the richest but worst governed, move their belongings. Then over 30 miles, and had, unknown to while Kwangsi is the poorest but she put a notice on the church us, been waiting a long time to see the best governed. Here the door saying: "If you want to the visitors. He was too timid to work of Dr. James Yen and the come and search the church, intrude. During the past 35 years National Economic Council was knock and I will open the doors. great changes have taken place in almost complete operation. Don't break down the doors." among the Chins. Every school is in process of de- The second night that she was veloping into a community cen- alone the bandits came, shouting It was my privilege to meet the and battering the doors. She first Chin convert, baptized in 1905, ter, is designed to include the quickly opened them and asked who is now a pastor in the hills. whole community in a scheme of the men not to destroy the There are fully 3,000 baptized Chris- practical education, which aims church, for there was nothing of tians, and nearly 500 came into the material value there. Quietly church this past year. at the reconstruction of all life. talking, she made the bandits But while Dr. Yen's work is quiet. They searched the place, CHINA deeply important and hopeful, and finding nothing, withdrew without a single exception his quietly; the brave woman then Christianity in Last Decade projects are being opposed open- fastened the doors and praised ly or secretly by the beneficiaries the Lord. -C. M. S. Outlook. Prof. James T. Addison of the of the old order, especially the old officials, fighting to keep Gospel Bands in Fukien Episcopal Theological School, their own selfish profit, privilege and prestige. Special meetings in Fukien Cambridge, believes that while Province led to the formation of Dr. Eddy suggested to Gen- 120 gospel bands. These volun- Christianity in China suffered a eral Chiang Kai-shek that China teer teams have won large num- needed not only new men but a bers to the Kingdom. Rev. Leonsetback during the Nationalist new system beginning with a ard Christian tells the story of fivefold program. 1. To have two members of a team. They Movement of 1925-1928, it really only a few laws but enforce were working in a suburb and in them; to protect the peasants each of four instances when they benefited by the trials of those from extortionate taxation; and had brought persons to the point to adequately pay officials so of becoming learners, a man years. A winnowing of weaker they will have no excuse for with much influence there undid squeezing, as in the efficient cus- all their work and turned people and half-hearted members took toms service. 2. To budget, against them. Praying for guid- audit and publish all accounts. ance, they were led to go in perplace and the gl-eat majority who 3. To promptly and surely pun- son to this man and explain the ish. all offenders. 4. To reward Gospel. Taking literature and remained loyal were strength- the honest and efficient. 5. Equal hymns and all the courage they impartial justice to all, without possessed, they came away raened in their faith. The Nation- protecting or promoting unwor- diant, for the man, and his son thy officials or incompetent relaalist Movement served to accel- erate a movement towards fur- ther placing of responsibility for the Chinese Church upon native shoulders and towards develop- ing a trul.y indigenous Christianity. .

The other salient feature in history of Christianity in China during the last 10 years has been the efforts towards union among mission bodies. One-third of the Protestant communicants now belong to the Church of Christ in China.

Dr. Addison names four distinct attitudes apparent towards

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

also, enrolled themselves as Most of these have gone back to the past year Rev. Song Sang learners before the afternoon their villages and started some- Suk has been giving one half his was over. thing-a Sunday school, a Bible time to special temperance work.

-Missionary Herald. Class, a Reading Circle, a Rec- Last June he staged and man- reational Center or a Better- aged a great temperance parade JAPAN Farming Lecture Course. in Pyengyang City where 5,000 "Golden Castle" School These Peasant Gospel Schools, people marched with banners however, have only touched the and flags through the city and some tens of thousands of sheet This (Southern) Presbyterian fringe of the problem. tracts were given out. He has school opened in Nagoya with made a point of urging that oraonly three students. To the gen- -Intercollegian and torical contests and essay writeral public it was just an insig- Far Horizons. ing contests on temperance be nificant part of the Jesus reli- held in all schools of higher gion. Forty-six years have Kyoto Episcopal Mission grade; out of this an interest passed and today it stands with has developed among students. complete internal organization In a crowded section of Kyoto, and full external recognition, a Strenuous ProgTams Girls' Junior College. where most of the people are en- gaged in silk weaving, the Epis- With an expenditure of $30 At present there are about twelve students of Chosen Chris- 1500 graduates of the school. copal Church maintains a center tian College were sent out to six These are scattered as far as of work, both through the spok- of Korea's 13 provinces, two Korea and Manchuria, and even men to each, during the summer to America and England. Among en word and through practical of 1934. These men visited 17 them are wives helping their help given to the everyday life different places and did work in husbands, mothers bringing up 29 separate churches from 10 to their children, consecrated evan- of the people. Its small and in- 24 days at a place, a total of 105 gelists of the Gospel of Christ expensive building is wholly in- days, which made the work cost teachers in kindergartens and about 30 cents per day. In these girls schools, employees in banks sufficient for the need. The meetings they taught a total of and business houses. All of them church is always crowded. A 10,201 children in the day time; are adding to the school's repute. kindergarten, night school, boys' and preached to a total of 22,881 Of those originally connected persons in the evenings. The with the school, only an old fir and girls' clubs, a reading room program was intended to include tree remains. It was planted by the teaching of language, arith- Mrs. Randolph, the founder. and a summer camp for 50 chil- metic, geography, singing, story dren are some of the activities. telling and Bible, to boys and -Presbyterian Survey. girls in the day time, and a pop- Japanese doctors and nurses ular night meeting for adults. Rural Advances In most cases, the men, ashamed carryon a clinic, and if you to let down the reputation of the In spite of rapid industrializa- college or to admit their own intion, 47% of Japan's population should happen to be in the ability, worked in the wee hours is still rural. One of the most of the night and attempted to significant accomplishments of church when Dr. Fujino, a ves- oblige these eager, expectant the Kingdom of God Movement folk. The men of the village has been its pioneering in this tryman in Kyoto, arrives to be- gathered in their room after the field. It adopted the strategy of evening services to talk until trying to capture the nation's al- gin the clinic, you will see him midnight and the children were most 12,000 villages by evangel- knocking on their doors by dayizing and training potential vil- first of all kneel at the altar to light the next morning eager to lage lay leaders. One hundred begin the day's work. short – term Peasant G 0 s pel ask God's blessing on what he Schools have been held in twen- has come to do. . -Korean Mission Field. ty-five prefectures, either under the direct auspices of the move- Much of the cost of this work ment or with its assistance. Each is supplied by a group of fifty Japanese patrons, each of whom contributes the equivalent of $15 American currency a year.

-The Living Church.

Temperance Movement in Korea All Christian churches of Ko- rea are temperance organiza- tions. No one having anything to do with liquor as maker, sell- er, distributor' or user can be a member of any of cthheurcchhuwrcohreks~ but until recently of these schools has gathered ers have been so busy winning ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC some twenty or twenty-five believers and creating their young men and women from as churches that they have not felt Jubilee in Papua many villages and given them a that they had the time or energy Sixty years ago, on November week or ten days of intensive to give to temperance work for 21, 1875, William G. Lawes, with training for Christian leadership nonbelievers. The W. C. T. U. his wife and small son, landed in in their respective villages. Over has been at work for years, but Port Moresby, New Guinea, the 2,000 rural young people have it was felt there should be a man first Europeans to make a home been enrolled in these schools. to lead in this movement. For in that savage land. They came

in the John Williams as mission- over 300 is now over 3,000, with Common Faith, a religion with God aries of the London Missionary 900 adherents and more than left out, advocated in a college which Society. Now a strong Papuan 1,500 baptized children under was once a Puritan stronghold. church has been built up and twelve years of age. The school over 500 Papuan boys and girls of 33 boys has grown into 38 3. The resistance of seven thousand attend the Christian day school. schools with over 1,800 children, German evangelical pastors to Hitler's Today Port Moresby is the res- of whom about 1,600 are Chris- edicts. They declared: "Obedience to idence of the British Governor tians, and from a staff of two the present church government is dis- General and airplanes fly over teachers, there are now 91, all obedience to God." the land that was formerly only of whom are Christians. traversed on foot through dense 4. German Catholics making com- jungles while war canoes plied -Malaysia Message. mon cause with German Protestants the bays and rivers. in defense of their faith.

Early Days in Borneo 5. The activity of the National Con- ference of Jews and Christians in the Just after the B()xer uprising United States. when 16,000 Christians became Hurricane in Cook Islands 6. Declarations by thousands of martyrs, a Christian Methodist '. Protestant ministers against a cruel of Foochow, a man of wealth competitive economic 0 r d e rand and education, decided to do as Raratonga, Cook Is., is asso- against war. the Pilgrim Fathers and seek a land of religious freedom. He ciated with John Williams and 7. A r(!emphasis of the importance found many willing to go, but his feat of building the Messen- of personal religion. where was the land? Like Abra- ger of Peace with no previous 8. The religious literature of 1934 ham he set out, not across the plains, but into the South Seas, shipbuilding knowledge and no shows a tendency away from the de- not knowing where he went. structive criticism which has long When he arrived in Singapore, ordinary shipbuilding materials been prevalent and toward a spiritual he was directed to Sarawak as or tools. Just as the London harmony. the land best suited for such an undertaking, where Raja Brooke Missionary Society was rejoic- owned 36,000,000 acres of good land. Here he met the Rajah, ing in a report of encouraging World Convention of C. E. who not only liked the scheme, but willingly gave land and mon- work done there, and plans for The ninth quadrennial World ey to charter a boat to bring the further improvement, a hurri- Convention of Christian En- colonists over. Then he returned deavor will be held in Budapest to China to get his men, and out cane brought crushing disaster. in August – postponed for one of the crowd he picked about The full extent of the damage is year because of conditions in five hundred men and twenty not yet known. The Mission Europe. The program will give . women, mostly Methodists, and equal recognition to three lan- put them on his chartered boat, House is far enough from the guages – Hungarian, German but sailing away from friends and English-and the speakers and home filled many with fear, sea to have escaped complete de- and conference leaders will be and they put in at Hong Kong. struction. The New Zealand chosen from every part of the It happened that Bishop Warne Government, which has the man- world. Budapest has been a was there on his way to Manila. strong center of Christian En- When he heard of this boatload date, will do all it can in relief deavor for many years. of Methodists on their way to measures, but cannot be expect- Borneo, he went to visit them, and when he saw how fearful ed to rebuild churches and hous- they were, he said, "Don't be es. Friends of the L. M. S. have afraid; I will go with you." He stayed ten days with them, or- subscribed £150, but much more ganized a church, and from this will be 'needed. band has grown a Christian community of more than 10,000. -The Chronicle. BapustS.S.Growth The small clearing in the jungle is now more than 200,000 acres MISCELLANEOUS At the close of 1934 the num- of cultivated land; five little ber of Baptist Sunday school chapels have developed into 46 Epochal Religious Events appointments; a membership of scholars throughout the world The only secular newspaper was advanced by nearly 1,200,- summary of the events of 1934 000. This includes an increase which touched the field of reli- of over a million in the Negro gion appeared in the Boston Transcript. Other pap e r s National Baptist Convention. printed necrologies, chronicles Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke attributes of disaster and crime, but none this large increase in Negro attempted to evaluate the trends scholars to the adoption of in religion except Dr. Dieffen- b:'tch who, in the Transcript, stricter statistical methods, since smgled out several religious a round figure of 1,500,000 pre- events which in his opinion are viously reported is replaced by a as epochal as those which very precise 2,588,834. There is marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modern times. a decrease of approximately Briefly they are: 11,000 in Europe, and this is ex- plained by the fall in Britan. 1. The admission of Russia, an atheist state, to the League of Na- Other continents show little tions. change, with the exception of South America, where last year's 2. John Dewey's Yale lectures, A total of 40,213 has increased to 45,250.

-Watchman-Examiner.

~'=~_ _ _ _—-"""""""~~='"

1 OUf Missionary Bookshelf I Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I i(i*,,======——-==-=—-==–=======–=-=====~~ , Good Books on Home Missions* tier in relation to its significance We Must March. Honore WiIlsie in church history and its influ- Morrow. William Morrow Co. $2.00. Prepared by the Office of Educa- ence in bringing into being the New York. tion and Publicity Board of distinctive characteristics of National Missions, Presby- American Christianity. Authentic narrative of Narcis- terian Church, U. S. A. sa Whitman, the first white Religious Backgrounds of American woman to cross the Rocky Moun- What do we ask of a reading Culture. Thomas C. Hale. 1930. tains, and the part she and her list? That it shall add to our Little, Brown & Co., Boston. $3.00. husband played in the early hisbody of information? That it tory of Oregon. shall illumine our study with the The author traces the course story of the lives of those whose of religious history from the How Marcus Whitman Saved Orecompulsion was and is: Woe is time of the English "dissenters," gon. Oliver W. Nixon. 1895. Star me, if I preach not the gospel? through the period of dissent in Publishing Co., Chicago. Out of That it shall provoke to a fur- New England and Virginia, print. ther study of the aspects of need, down to the present-day phases underlying problems, and recog- of religious interest. A biography of Marcus Whitnized trends to which a single man, with the interesting incivolume can serve only as an in- FRONTIERSMEN OF THE CHURCH dents of life among the Indians troduction? Brief as it is, it is and an account of Whitman's hoped that the following list The Life and Labors of Bishop Hare. part in the opening of the Northmeets these requirements. M. A. DeWolfe Howe. National west. Council of the Episcopal Church. THE CANVASS $1.00. Francis Asbury, the Prophet of the Long Road. Ezra Squier Tipple. The Epic of America. James Trus- Interesting account of one of 1916. Abingdon Press, Methodist low Adams. Little, Brown & Co., the foremost leaders and cham- Book Concern. $2.00. Boston. $2.50. Reprint 1934. p~ons of the Indians, the first Episcopal missionary bishop to Organizer, founder of schools, Narrative account of the go into South Dakota to labor and "faithful shepherd." growth of America, told through among the Dakotas. In his thirthe story of the most momen- ty-seven years of service he es- Vanguard of the Caravans. Coe tous episodes and the biogra- tablished church policies with Hayne. 1931. Judson Press, Philphies of outstanding leaders in relation to Indians which are adelphia. $1.00. their relation to the panorama still being carried out. of American life. Life story of John Mason Peter Cartwright: Pioneer. Helen Peck, Baptist missionary on the SPIRES AND STEEPLES Hardie Grant. 1931. Abingdon Illinois frontier who preceded Press, New York. $2.00. the covered wagon caravan The Religious Foundations of Amer- across the Mississippi River in ica. Charles L. Thompson. 1928. Life of a "great Methodist and 1817. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. a great man," a pioneer prairie $1.50. preacher responsible for keeping Jason Lee: Prophet of the New Ore- slavery out of Illinois and "hero gon. Cornelius J. Brossman. 1932. Story of the religious elements of many a picturesque affair in Macmillan Co., New York. $3.00. which like the members of dif- the early days of the state." ferent races have entered into Romantic, authentic story of the making of America with an Sheldon Jackson. Robert Laird Ste- the work of the first missionary account of their influence on the wart. 1908. Fleming H. Revell to enter the Oregon country. He national life. Co., New York. founded the first permanent American settlement although CHURCH AND NATION Biography of an outstanding other attempts had been made pioneer worker, a "foreign mis- without satisfactory result. The Frontier Spirit in American sionary" to the Choctaws, a pio- Christianity. Peter A. Mode. 1923. neer in western frontier service, Mary and I: Forty Years with the Macmillan Co., New York. $1.75. best known for his sacrificial de- Sioux. Stephen R. Riggs. 1887. votion to missions in Alaska. Congregational Sunday School and Study of the American fron- Publishing Society. Out of print.

* Suggested Reading List in "Toward a Fascinating account of the toils and sacrifices, joys and re- Christian America," by Hermann N. Morse. wards of a pioneer missionary Any of the books noted in these columns. and now obtainable, will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[317 ]

family which began and carried of the working out of this prin- While our attitude toward the forward mission work among ciple. Oriental is still flexible he recthe Dakota Indians. ommends bending it toward hu- Roving with the Migrants. Adela J. man unity and Christlike under,. THE GEOGRAPHY OF HOME Ballard. 1931. Council of Women standing. for Home Missions and Missionary MISSIONS Education Movement, New York. EVANGELISM Paper,50c. Home Missions Today and Tomor- TUrn to your own denomina- row: A Review and Forecast. Ed- The challenge of the migrants tion for books and leaflets pre- ited by Hermann N. Morse. 1934. came to the author through senting the "pageant of the tri- Home Missions Council, New York. work with them. In this brief umph in Christ." Paper, 75c. book she points out the need of the migrants for love to God and SOCIAL RELATIONS This summation of an inten- the need of the church for love sive study made by the Home for man. .Religion Lends a Hand. James Missions Council is a valuable Myers. 1929. Harper Brothers, source and reference book on the The Machine Age in the Hills. Mal- New York. $1.50. definition, interpretation, analy- colm Ross. 1933. The Macmillan sis, outlook, and forecast of the Company, New York. $2.00. Religion as a helper in social home missions task. progress is the theme developed. This book sets forth the prob- Investigation of the institutions HOME MISSIONS, THE CHILD OF lems of the isolated mountaineer in the United States which apply who in recent years has been this ideal furnishes authorita- . THE TIMES drawn by the wheels of industry tive illustrations. into the hazards of mining life The Challenge of Change-What Is and communities. God and the Census. Robert N. Mc- Happening in Home Missions. John Lean. 1931. Council of Women Milton Moore. 1931. Council of International Relations for Home Missions and Missionary Women for Home Missions and Mis- Education Movement, New York. sionary Education Movement, New Why Wars Must Cease. A Sympo- Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. York. Paper, 25c. sium edited by Rose Young. 1935. The Macmillan Company, New Looking beyond the figures of The author presents a wider York. $1.00. the census, the author presents scope for home missions than is the forces which cannot be tabucommonly held and challenges Arguments against war are lated, the spiritual realities of the church to build according to forcefully set forth by ten writ- underprivileged groups. these specifications. ers nationally and international- ly prominent. These arguments In the Shadow of Liberty. By Ed- The Church in America. William batter down all defenses of war. ward Corsi. Macmillan Co., New Adams Brown. 1922. The Mac- York. $3.50. millan Company, New York. $3.00. Race Family and personal experi- From a wide experience and Brown America. Edwin R. Embree. ence appear to have shaped the varied contacts the author sum- 1932. The Viking Press, New York. heart and mind of Edward Corsi marizes the place and work of $2.50. -immigrant boy, settlement the church in our post-war na- worker, Commissioner of Immitional life. Here is a frank, unbiased gration, Director of the Home statement of the trials and tri- Relief of the City of New York CROSS CURRENTS umphs of the "new race," the in- -to a social outlook on life and termingling of black, white, and to a particularly human view- Industry yellow, which forms a tenth of point of Ellis Island. His career the population of the United has been profoundly influenced Christianity and Industry in America. States. by his father, Filippo Corsi of Alva W. Taylor. 1933. Friendship Abruzzi, Italy, who, because of Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; The Jew and the World Ferment. his aggressive support of agra- paper, 60c. Basil Mathews. 1934. Friendship rian reform, was driven into ex- Press, New York. Cloth, $1.50; ile. Fortunately he was recalled Out of the conviction that our paper, 75c. by his election to the Italian pargreatest social and moral prob- liament-an office which he lems are industrial and that our The writer purposes to dis- never occupied for he was strickin d u s t ria I life has far out- cover how we should act toward en as he was about to give an stripped our moral and social the Jew whose prominence in impassioned response to the ovaadjustments is born this plea for the affairs of the nations as well tion of his fellow-townsmen. The practical Christianity. as in personal conflict is evidence young son was his father's com- that he is in the midst of the panion in exile, and was thrilled Protestant Churches and the Indus- world ferment. by his father's spectacular ca- trial Crisis. Edmund B. Chaffee. reer. 1933. The Macmillan Company, Orientals in American Life. Albeit New York. $2.00. W. Palmer. 1934. Friendship At ten years of age, with his Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; mother, stepfather, brothers and Individual Christians and the paper, 60c. Church must face their relations to economic life, the writer con- The author shows his readers tends. Labor Temple in New what is behind the Oriental York City, which has been guid- mask-a likable, overwhelminged by Dr. Chaffee for twelve ly human Christian brother. years, serves as an illustration

OUR MISSION:ARY BOOKSHELF

sisters, Edward lalJded in New van through Ellis Island, until nomic conditions in America. work. Two emotions possessed arrested by the World War and By 1932 the outward movement him in turn. His wonder and finally brought to a standstill by of aliens exceeded the inflow. exhilaration prompted by his first view of the Statue of Lib- the Immigration Act of 1924, re- That America continued to be a erty and by the New York sky- flects the extraordinary opti- land of desire, however, is strik- line which, through the haze, he ingly and pathetically illustrated mistook for mountains, quickly mism of America. Mr. Corsi ana- gave way to fear when he over- lyzes the composition of the car- by the large numbers debarred heard his stepfather express avan-English, Dutch, French, because of quota restrictions or concern lest they be turned back Scotch-Irish and German-to because of surreptitious entry. at Ellis Island because of their Perhaps at no time in the his- limited cash. Fortunately for the middle of the nineteenth cen- tory of America has American Edward and for America this tury and then fresh accession to hysteria over immigration been fear was not well-founded for the number of Germans, Irish the Corsi family was included more unhappily illustrated than among the one and a quarter and British. But then the com- by the arrest, the examination million immigrants admitted to position of the caravan changed America in 1907. to Italians, Austrians, Hunga- and deportation of undesirable aliens. Speaking of this Amer- Referring to the next decisive riam'!, Jews, Slavs, Poles and ican mood after the World War Russians though the inflow of Mr. Corsi says "quickly the na- experience which came to him as Irish and Scandinavians contin- an immigrant lad, living in tional hatred turned from a de- wretched quarters on the lower ued in considerable numbers. feated Germany and lashed it- While opposition to immigra- east side of New York, Mr. Cor- self into a rage against all forms si says, tion sprang up from time to of radicalism and all sorts of radicals. Victor Berger, of Mil- Down the street on which I lived time, in the main Americans be- there was a little brownstone house, waukee, was a conservative so- which to many in the neighborhood lieved that America was the land cialist. Senator La Follette was seemed shrouded in mystery. It was of unlimited opportunity where a Republican Progressive. Fed- a settlement house, which some of our parents feared had been put there to any honest man could get a liv- eral Judge Landis of Chicago, in draw Italian children to the Protes- ing and where every clever man sentencing Berger to jail and tant faith . . . The day came, how- ever, when we decided to investigate could amass wealth. This confi- prison, said he regretted that he that house and find out for ourselves dence was not shaken until the what it was there for . . . I remem- world depression settled upon could not have him shot." It ber clearly the day I led my gang into was during these days that the that house of mystery . . . My admis- America like a blight. True cells at Ellis Island were packed. sion to the Home Garden, later Haar- America had imposed upon im- lem House, marked a decisive advance It was then that the "Soviet in my career . . . migrants restrictions designed Ark," the Steamship Buford, to safeguard public health, pub- was dispatched with 249 pris- My settlement contacts and expe- riences gave me a new understanding lic morals and to debar potential oners, all to be deposited in dead of American life and American ideals. paupers. Unfortunately these of winter at the Russian border. It was a new understanding, because regulations did not eliminate This was all a part of what Mr. until then such dreams as I had had "dumping" by foreign countries Louis F. Post, one-time Assistant of the land of promise were well-nigh shattered by the grim reality of what nor preclude the immigrants' use Secretary of Labor at Washing- I had been forced to undergo. Long ton, termed "The Deportations before my mother had gone back to of Canada as a half-way house. Italy both she and my stepfather had The first racial groups, as racial Delirium of Nineteen Hundred realized the futility of their adven- groups, to feel the restraining Twenty." Unfortunately as Mr. ture. America had failed to offer its Corsi came to know, the expres- pot of gold. It had offered instead of America were the Chinese suffering, privations, and defeat. and the Japanese. The Contract sion of this delirium did not end Labor Law became particularly in 1920 but found expression After graduation from Ford- difficult to enforce. Agitation during Mr. Corsi's term of serv-' ham College Mr. Corsi returned ice. Speaking of unknown de- to the Haarlem House as a full- over literacy tests, just before time social worker. While here, and after the World War, re- portees Mr. Corsi says, "I found one morning in 1931, Secretary that many of them were like men Doak of the Department of La- flected the new temper of Amer- condemned to die, praying and bor summoned him to Washing- ica towards immigration. But crying for last-minute reprieves . ton and President Hoover ap- this temper did not have full ex- -clinging to fraying threads of pointed him Commissioner of pression until 1921 when the Immigration at Ellis Island. first Quota Law, based upon the hope." The human interest in Mr. Edward Corsi presents Ellis census of 1910, was adopted. Island as a reflector of the ever- This was followed in 1924 with Corsi is dominant. He tells in changing American mood. The a more rigid Quota Law based considerable detail the' experien- steady march of the great cara- upon national origins with the ces of notable "guests" at Ellis census of 1890 as the base-line. Island both before and during This law clearly marks a change his official relationship with the in the American mind towards Island. He found some of these immigration. experiences humorous, others pathetic and others tragic. In From about 1928 the immigra- tion trend, or to keep to Mr. the first category is that of Migi Corsi's figure, the movement of the caravan, was checked by eco-

Cogic who was ordered deported Conformist. No Anglican needs The sociological expressions because of defective eyesight but a survey to define his parish. of religion are the goal of the the Government was compelled The pages devoted to "Minis- book which Mr. Fenner writes to hold Miji as its guest for the tering to Several Mission Sta- for the men of his own commun- full period of the war and during tions" should be read by all ion. There are excellent advices that time he plied a lucrative American rural Christians. His upon religious education, recre- discussion of lay readers might ation, and the rest of those distrade as tailor and barber.

Pathetic indeed is the story of well be translated into the Pres- ciplines upon which many men Paula Patton who was deemed byterian, Baptist, and Methodist have written well. There are to be mentally defective and languages. These denominations bibliographies for the socially therefore not admitted. Her indulge their members with minded to use in humanizing case shows political vacillation "once a month preaching." They their priestly manners. But to- of the authorities at Washington dilute the worship of God from day the rural saints are turning extending over a period from its Sunday holiness to a pale, to worship and to holiness, with 1914 to 1925 when she was lunar, shirt-sleeve langour. They order and maj esty as the goal of should learn of Mr. Fenner to their aspirations. The Anglican granted legal residence.

"Prince" Mike Romanoff was sanctify the Sabbath and to from whose Ember Days we a grotesque though not uninter- make the house of God holy- have rebuilt Rural Life Sunday esting figure. Repeatedly he ap- Sunday a day of worship. He can teach us about the social peared as an immigrant and re- would train a young man to read ministry of the priest in the day peatedly he was sent back. a sermon every Sunday and con- of joy, of fear, or of grief. A m 0 Ii g other distinguished duct a service of worship while The contribution of Mr. Fenguests were Mrs. Emmeline "the preacher is away at another Pankhurst, Emma Goldman and ner is the latest expression,· and charge." This abuse of little in many ways the best, of the Ignatius Timothy Trebitsch-Lin- churches, closed on a Sunday, denominational hand books for coIn "whom Scotland Yard re- the Church and Country Life when the minister is elsewhere, Movement. A generation ago ferred to as 'the most elusive constitutes one of the great abusman in the world' and whom es of American Christianity. men told me that the country church would be the clue to the United States Marshall James There used to be a Southern union of churches. On the con- M. Power characterized as 'just Methodist Bishop who shocked trary. Each denomination and each of the Christian associaan ordinary thief.' " his hearers with the statement Mr. Corsi's book is full of that "10,000 of our churches were closed last Sunday." He dramatic interest. It breathes with human sympathy and re- meant that their preachers were tions has had its own organiza- away. This "religion of the tions and its own handbooks in flects a fine social sense. CHARLES HATCH SEARS. moon" Mr. Fenner would con- the interest of its own rural units. They all do what Mr. vert by training lay readers. Fenner has done. They inter- The Episcopal Church in Town and The treatment of worship and pret the country church econom- Country. By Goodrich R. Fenner, of architecture are excellent, as ically and socially. I am amused of The National Council (Protes- to see the most conservative of tant Episcopal Church), New York one would expect, and the stand- City. 1935. ards of "church singing" are these churches advised to "make This excellent book begins un- properly high, for the Episcopal the farmer a better farmer." favorably for the non-Anglican, Church has regard "for the That was heresy, for which I as it makes so much of the priest beauty and majesty of the wor- was denounced twenty-two years and his "calling." Outside of ship that is ordered." the churches which have had The chief value of this book is ago. Now rural missions and governmental alliance, there is . in its presentation of the interest agricultural missions have gone small respect for the "divine of a church which sanctifies its all over the world and they have calling" of the pastor. Their re- houses of worship and keeps the highest approval, yet we stand today as denominational spect is for the calling of the them apart from secular use, as we were when Theodore sinner. But Mr: Fenner, subse- which sanctifies its ministers Roosevelt commanded us to proquently appeals to the pastor to and reminds them that they are mote better farming and better recognize his responsibility for priests of God. Mr. Fenner, living.

"making his people better farm- however, does not carry us as ers,"-"mental hygiene," "child far as he might, for he could The time seems to have come well have developed the Angli- for the different communions to training," "visiting the jail."

In his treatment of the "Par- can tradition in explaining the do what Mr. Fenner has in part ish Program" the author is holy offices of marriage and of done and for each to contribute· strong for surveys, organiza- the funeral service. In both of the great religious heritage it tions, publicity. He shows that these the rural pastors have has to the purely religious dehe is not only a priest but a man, much to learn from the Church velopment of the country church a brother, and an America,n; not which has a 'Prayer Book- in worship, in ceremonial, in merely an Anglican-he might great repository of religious sacrament, and in prayer.

even be accused of being a non- faith through the ages." WARREN H. WILSON.

Books Studies in the Gospel According

Matthew. E. Schuyler English. Daughter of Brahma. E. Elizabeth Once untl, ),011 would nt'lcr be ..,ilhout it. $1.75. 226 pp. Revell. New York. Vickland. 64 pp. Revell. New York. FEATURES: Introduction, by Professor George Shaw B.O South American Adventures. Alice Curtis Desmond. $2.50. 284 pp. Education in India in 1932-33. 118 The Lesson Vnu by Ynst, by Rev. David J. Fane, Jr Macmillan. New York. pp. British Library of Information. New York. Lmons from lilt WSD", by Rev Ira E. David, Ph.O Personal Items Siae Ligbls on the Leuo,,_ Selected from Many Authon The Flying Boat. Robert N. McLean. Tit, B~jnntrJ' C14n, by Eleanor M. Jonet and (Concluded from page 257.) 184 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. Martha L. Fesmire. man, New York City, was elected sec- retary. A Grand-Canyon of Resurrection Re- Tht Primllty Class. by Stella M. Rudy alities. Robert G. Lee. 172 pp. The Junior Clllff, by Addie Marie French. *** $1.00. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids, Mich. SuggeJlions for the Superintendent. by Rev. F L. Squires Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth, veteran missionaries of the Presby- The New Home. Capt. Reginald Send only 10e in . (or current issue. terian Church of Canada, have re- Wallis. 96 pp. 18. Pickering & turned home and were given a public Inglis. London. Modern Trends in World Religions. reception in Knox Presbyterian Edited by A. Eustace Haydon. 255 Church, Toronto. Dr. Goforth is now Report on the Bihar Earthquake and pp. $2.50. University of Chicago blind. on the Measures Taken in Conse- Press. London. quence Thereof up to Dec. 31, 1934. *** W. B. Brett. 100 pp. Government Race Relations: Adjustment of Printing Office. Bihar, India. Whites and Negroes in the United Dr. Frederick Douglass Patterson States. Willis D. Weatherhead and who was born in Washington, D. C., Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Charles S. Johnson. 590 pp. $3.20. thirty-four years ago, has been elected Material Progress and Condition Heath. London and New York. president of Tuskegee Institute, Ala- of India During 1932-33. S. F. bama, to succeed Dr. R. R. Moton, who Stewart. Map. 197 pp. 38. H. The Drama of the Eucharist. Stacy retired after twenty years of service. M. Stationery Office. London. Waddy. 107 pp. 28. 6d. cloth, 1>1 Dr. Patterson haSi been for seven paper. S. P. G. London. years head of the Agricultural De- Wisdom and Waste in the Punjab partment at Tuskegee. Village. M. L. Darling. 368 pp. A Desert Journal. Evangeline French, 128. 6d. Oxford University Press. Mildred Cable, Francesca French. *** London. 261 pp. $3. China Inland Mission. Germantown, Pa. Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke, General Sec- India Calling: The Memories of Cor- retary of the Baptist World Alliance nelia Sorabji. Cornelia Sorabji. Evolution Disproved. Wm. A. Wil- is spending two months in the United IlIus. 308 pp. 128. 6d. Nisbet. liams. 127 pp. $1.00. Wm. A. Wil- States, expecting to return to Eng- London. liams, Camden, N. J. land in July. His plans include ad- dresses at the Northern Baptist Con- Historical Lights of Liberia's Yester- Forerunners of a New Age. Basil vention in Colorado Springs. He is day and Today. Ernest J. Yancy. Mathews. 75 cents. 90 pp. I. M. C. making preliminary arrangements for $2.50. Aldine Pub. Co., Xenia, Ohio. New York. the Sixth Baptist World Congress which is to be held in Atlanta, Geor- Two Centuries of Student Christian Four Patterns of Revolution. Ethan gia in 1939. Movements. Clarence P. Shedd. Colton. 312 pp. $2.50. Associa- 466 pp. $3. Association Press. tion Press. New York. I If you use New York. In the Shadow of Liberty. Edward PRINTING The Modern Missionary. A study of Corsi. 321 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. the human factor in the missionary New York. YOU will profit from an ac- enterprise in the light of present- quaintanceship with us. We day conditions. C. Hoffman, A. G. The Jew and the World Ferment. do the job complete in our own Hogg, F. Mackenzie, S. Neill, R. Basil Mathews. $1.50. 186 pp. plant, whether it be large or Rees, M. Wrong, W. P. Young. Friendship Press. New York. small. Edited by J. H. Oldham. 128 pp. 18. 6d. Student Christian Move- Let Us Go Into the Next Town. While our specialty is Books, ment Press. London. George P. Pierson. $1. 93 pp. Magazines and Pamphlets, yet Revell. New York. we have a variety of modern The Japan Year Book, 1934. Map. equipment to meet all the re- 1,356 pp. $5. Foreign Affairs Men and Women of Far Horizons. quirements of your particular Assn., Tokyo. Jesse R. Wilson. $1. 214 pp. job. You will find our service Friendship Press. New York. prompt, careful and courteous. Hot-Hearted: Some Women Builders of the Chinese Church. F. I. Cod- The Niger Vision. R. S. Roseberry. Will you allow us to estimate rington. IlIus. 111 pp. 28. Church $1.50. 254 pp. Christian Pub., Inc. on your next printing? We be- of England Zenana Missionary So- Harrisburg, Pa. lieve you will be delighted with ciety. London. our product, price and service. Partners in the Expanding Church. Jesus Through Japanese Eyes: A A. L. Warnshuis and Esther Strong. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Study of the Daily Life of Jesus. 62 pp. 35 cents. International Mis- Toyohiko Kagawa. Trans. by H. F. sionary Council. New York. PrinteTS of Topping and M. Draper. 160 pp. The Missionary Review of tlu! WOTId 38. Lutterworth Press. London. Protestant Church as a Social Insti- tution. H. Paul Douglass and Ed- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Outline of Buddhism. C. H. S. mund de S. Bruner. 368 pp. $2.50. Third and Reily Streets HarrIsburg. Pa. Ward. 140 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Harpers. New York. Press. London. Spirit of Modern France. Helen Hill. An Outline of Islam. C. R. North. 26 pp. 25 cents. Foreign Policy 127 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Press. Assn. and World Peace Foundation. London. New York and Boston.

Toward the Sunrising. B. H. Bruner. A Student's Philosophy of Religion. $1.50. 280 pp. Cokesbury Press. Wm. Kelley Wright. $3. Macmil- Nashville, Tenn. lan. New York.

Illlportance of Latin

The Foreign Mission study topic for the coming year will be "Revealing Christ to Latin America." This will be the subject of a series of articles in our October number. These are being prepared by men and women of wide experience-Anglo-Saxons and Latin Americans.

A SPANISH AMERICAN FEAST Important Facts as to Twenty Republics ………………… .Mary W. Williams Unevangelized Areas of Latin America …….. " ……………… John Ritchie Religious Trends Among Spanish Americans ………………. .John A. Mackay The Indians of the South Lands ……………………….. .Joseph A. Davis The Conflict of Church and State ……………………… Chas. S. Detweiler Latin American Youth of Today ……………………….. G. Baez Camargo Educational Progress and Problems ……………………….. J. E. Moreland The Living Church of Latin America ……………………. Kenneth G. Grubb Union and Cooperation in Evangelical Work …………… Webster E. Browning The Next Steps in Mission Work …………………… . Ralph E. DitJendorfer Best Books on Latin America ………… '" ……………….. .S. G. Inman Order Your Copies NOW-For Study Circles and Conferences 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN 1. PIERSON, Editor Send Your Order to MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC., Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

AGENTS WANTED H ERE are some titles of coming ar~ tides in THE REVIEW. Do not THE MISSIONARY REVIEW miss them: can be sold in quantities to every Missionary Society. It fur- Hitler and the Jews nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and Conrad Hoffmann, ]r. discussion groups. Why not act as our Agent in your church or On the Mosquito Coast community? You can advance Kenneth G. Grubb the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the same time can earn The Next Generation and Missions Robert E. Speer A Liberal Commission The Younger Men's Missionary Congress • Mills ]. Taylor Address-·-Circulation Manager Lost Condition of the Heathen The Missionary Review of the World Henry W. Frost Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. A. A. Hyde•••A Good Steward Wm. M. Vories What Is a Faith Mission?

Robert Hall Glover 25 cents a copy $2.50 a year

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1934

APRIL,1934

Our Approach to Non-Christians E. Stanley Jones Visualizing Non-Christian Religions Samuel M. Zwemer The "Forgotten Man" of the Mountain: M. A. Dawber Glimpses of Indian Hearts and Hearth~ Elizabeth Conklin The Government's New Indian Policy G. E. E. Lindquist The Testimony of Mr. Wang J. P. Leynse

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AddreslJ: recently ordered all six of Union Bible Dr. T. L. Scott of Gujranwala, the Seminary's Bible study courses for class oldest missionary of the American GEORGE F. TIBBITTS. Director work wi'th her converts. Think what United Presbyterian Church passed it would mean to study Genesis and away on January 4th, after a service Cliffside Perk Exodus in Egypt where so man y of tile of 59 years in India. Although of- events recorded in these books occurred I ficially on the retired list Dr. Scott Cornwall.on-Hudson New York But, while not 80 suggestive of the ro- has continued to work as much as mantic, the study of the Rble in Amer- failing hearing and eyesight per- Dates To Remember ica is jUst as wonderful as in Egypt. mitted, living with his daughter, Miss OUf six courses are as follows: Louise A. Scott, who is in charge of April 26-May 7-General Conference, the Gu,iranwala Girls' School. Methodist Episcopal Church, South. 20 Lessons in Genesis. 20 LesIOn. in ExodllS. Jackson, Miss. 20 Lessons ia John. 20 Lesson. io RevelatifID. Dr. Scott was for thirty years a professor in the U. P. Theological May Z-S-Thirteenth National Con- 20 Lessons in Bible History Ind Prophecy. Seminary and has had a noteworthy vention, Y. W. C. A. of America. 20 LU$ODI ia Homiletics. part in training the Christian leaders Philadelphia, Pa. of this part of India. Before going These courses formerly sold for Onr into the seminary he was unusually May 1S-17-Community Church Dollar per set, but ate now offered for successful as an evangelistic mission- Workers of the U. S. A. Kansas SOc per set. If all six are ordered at one ary in Jhelum and has probably bap- City, Mo. time for $3, a substantial loose-leaf tized more Moslem converts than any- binder is included without further cost. one in the Mission. A number of these May 20-26-Church Conference of So- were Maulvies who later became min- cial Work, Kansas City, Mo. O,der from isters, serving in variouS parts of North India. May Z3-29-Northern Baptist Con- UNION BIBLE SEMINARY vention. Rochester, N. Y. *** Weatfield, Indiana May 24-29-General Assembly, Pres- Rev. Huie Kin, founder, and for 40 byterian Church in U. S. A. Cleve- AGENTS WANTED years the pastor of the Chinese Pres- land, O. byterian Church in New York, died in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can Peiping, China, January 22d, at 80 June 7-12-General Synod, Reformed be sold in quantities to every Mib. years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Huie had Church in America. Grand Rapids, returned to China upon his retirement Mich. sionary Society. It furni8hes infor· a few years ago'*. -:;:. .;.:. mation in brief, interesting form for June 20-27-Oenera1 Assembly, Unit- leaders and discussion groups. Why Dr. T. B. Ray, Executive Secretary ed Presbyterian Church. Oxford, O. not act as our Agent in your church of the Southern Baptist Foreign Mis- or community '! You can advance the Rion Board for 27 years, died in Rich- June 21·27 – General Council of the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the mond, Va., on January 14th. He was Congregational and Christian same time earn a liberal commission. as well known in the North as in the Churches. Oberlin, O. South and heroically and skilfully Address-·Circulation Manager, guided the affairs of the Southern June 26·27 – U n ion of Reformed The Missionary Review ofthe World, Baptist Mission Board during these Church in the U. S. and the Evan- years of financial crisis. gelical Synod of N. A. Cleveland, Third and Reily Streets, Ohio. Harrisburg, Pa. TEN Pastor, would you not be willing to pay ten cents a UNITED MISSIONARY CENTS week for a little sheet that CAMPAIGN contains a synopsis of an A Week originalserrnon, an apt illus.. April 10-11 Hackensack, N. J. tration. a sermon outline. or April 12 New Brunswick, N, J. an exposition of Scripture 1 April 15-16 Elizabeth, N. J. JUNIATA COLLEGE Suppose we add to it SOMe April 17-18 Plainfield, N. J. notcs on the current Sunday schooJ lesson. little April 19-20 Bridgeton, N. J. HUNTINCDON. PA. items of interest {rom nlany parts of the world. April 22-23 Allentown, Pa. April 24-25 Eastern Pennsylvania. Clari.tian Accredited Coeducational editorjalobservations on live themes, etc., etc•• and tell you it can be hod THE FREE CHURCH BIBLE Representatives of Juniata. are on the Mission fields for two tento a week? This INSTiTUTE AND ACADEMY of China, India. Africa, and Europe. FOR is what we offer in The Gos.. This institution offers the followin2' courses: Two year",' Degree courses in Arts, Science, Education, Busine3!:l. pel Minister. 8 pages every 2 Cents Bible ".course. Hie'h School Course. accredited by the Music. Rnd Home Economics. University of IlHnoil!l. Tbree.year 'Seminary Course. week for $1.00 a year. R.clistratioo" Day. Sept..~ For 1IlustratMl Catal6£ IPrile Ask for pietori,l bulletin and catalogue. THE GOSPEL MINISTER A Week Dr. Gustav Edwards, Pres. CHARLES C. ELLIS, Ph.D.. D.O., 42SS N. Hermitage Ave., Chlcaco.lII. President. Westfield,lodi….

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD HURLBUT'S STORY OF THE BIBLE DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ByolESSE LYMAN HURLBUT. D.O. Recommended by all denominations for Itsfreshness and accuracy, VOL. LVII APRIL, 1934 No.4 for Its simplicity of language, for Its freedom from doctrinal discussion.

Publication and Business OMce THE BEST GIFT FOR YOUNG AND OLD Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. FOR TEACHER8-STUDENTS-FOR THE HOME AND SCHOOL Editorial and Executive OMce One hundred and .ixty-eightstories, each complete in itself, yet form- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City ing a continuous narraUve of the Biblefrom Genesi. to Revelation. Entered as second-class matter at Each ofthe world-old storie. i. told by the noted author in a manner Post OMce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act thati. vitaJ]y interesting and instructive to young and old alike. of March 3, 1879. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. BIggest and Best IUustrated Book Ever Sold lor the PrIce Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Beautifully illustrated with 281 picture. in colors and in black and Published monthly. except August. white; over 100 famous Leinweber painting•• 759 pages. PrIce ..$2." All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. At 011 book.tore. or from the publi.her. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO., Winston Bldg., Philadelphia _ _• BOARD OF DIRECTORS Personal Items Dr. Willliam B. Millar haS resigned ROBERT E. SPEER, President as general secretary of the Greater WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Bishop Azariah of Dornakal, India, New York Federation of Churches, WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer has confirmed 3,054 persons, fifty- a position he has filled with success DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary three within the past year. The Bishop since 1921. SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT has just celebrated the 21st anniver- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD sary of his consecration. He became widely known as organ- WM. B. LIPPHARD izer of the Army and Navy Depart- ERIC M. NORTH *** ment of the Y. M. C. A., which he MILTON T. STAUFFER headed for twelve years and which A. L. WARNSHUIS Mr. Kenneth Maclennan, Secretary has rendered very effective service to SAMUEL M. ZWEMER American soldiers and sailors and to of the Conference of British Mission- those of other nations. Editorial Chat ary Societies, is visiting the Far East to get a better understanding of the In 1910 Dr. Millar became general The Home Missions Council, at their background of missionary work in secretary of the Laymen's Missionary annual meeting in January, voted China, and to discover what leading Movement in the United States and missionaries and Chinese Christians Canada, a post which he held for the that the following members should are thinking with regard to mission- next ten years. reuresent them on the Editorial Coun- ary policy, in the light of the financial cil of THE REVIEW for the year 1934: stringency with which Societies every- The Greater New York Federation Dr. John McDowell (Presbyterian), where are faced. of Churches began the religious radio Dr. Charles H. Sears (Baptist), Rev. broadcasting in 1923 and it has grown Jay S. Stowell (Methodist), and Dr. *** into a nation-wide service comprising , William R. King (Executive Secre- eleven programs weekly in coopera- tary). This committee cooperates Rev. F. C. Sackett of the Methodist tion with fifty-seven local federations. with the Editor in securing valuable Mission in Secunderabad, Deccan, In- articles and news on the evangelical *** mission work carried on by American dia, received the Kaiser-i-Hind gold churches. One of the valuable results Dr. Enoch F. Bell is the Editor-in- of this cooperation will be seen in our medal, and Miss Ethel A. Gordon, Chief of the newly established Mis- forthcoming June number dealing sionary Herald, at Home and Abroad, with Orientals in America. (See no- Principal of the Church of Scotland which combines the honored Mission- tice on the back cover of this issue.) Training College for Women Teachers ary Herald and the American Mis- sionary. The new magazine will be A correspond*ent*, J*. E.· Koechley, in· Poona, received the Kaiser-i-Hind controlled by the American Board of Silver Medal. Commissioners for Foreign Missions, of Bellevue, Ohio, writes to call our the American Missionary Association, attention to a misstatement in the *** the Church Extension Boards, the February REVIEW (page 70) with Boards of Ministerial Relief, and the Dr. John R. Mott sailed on March Board of Education of the Congregareference to the Roman Catholic 7th for England, on his way to South tional and Christian Churches. The Church and the Bible. It is incorrect Associate Editor will be John R. Scotto say that the "Bible is a closed book Africa, where he will hold a number ford of New York. The headquarters will be at 14 Beacon Street, Boston. to all Catholics except the priest- of conferences under the auspices of the General Missionary Conference Sun~School hood." Selected portions of the Bible have a large place in the liturgy and of South Africa. He is due in Cape Supplies mass. The laity has not, however, Town about April 9th and, after some J~'ou'm/,O ~nNF 7t1~ Hl1 mlet'l1flliofmllers¥tws been encouraged to read the Bible six weeks in the Union of South Afri- -1iJr1l1/ ~1iJtJs ca and Rhodesia plans to proceed and the Church reserves the right of 1ite for over land to the Congo where he will and interpretation. attend an important United Mission- ary Conference.

Dr. Lewis R. *** a well known Scudder, and highly honored missionary of the Reformed Church in America, has re- tired from active service in the Arcot Mission, India, where he and Mrs.

Scudder have been faithfully laboring "The REVIEW* is* an* inspiration to for forty-five years. Though they have reached the age of retirement us; we couldn't live without it, so to Dr. Scudder has been requested to re- speak." MRS. EMMA BARR. main at Vellore to help in the work as "Let me co'"ngr'"atu'"late you most time and strength permit.

heartily upon the wonderful wrork Dr. W. O. L*ewi'"s, f*ormerly profesthat you are doing in connection with THE REVIEW. It is one of the best sor in William Kewell College and missionary magazines that I know." since 1922 special representative of the American Baptist Foreign Mis- WATCYN M. PRICE, Orga11Jking sion Society in Europe, has recently and Travelling Secretary, Pres- returned to America to confer with byterian Church of Wales. the Board on European problems.

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PANTHEON OF STRANGE GODS AT PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL

The Missionary Museum at Princeton Includes a valuable library of bo()ks on non-Christian religions ; fetishes, idols and other objects of worship used in many lands; maps, charts and other object lessons that visualize the various religions. This library and museum has been collected through the efforts of Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. whose descriptive article appears on page 173.

NARY

REVIB OR'LD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FOUR APRIL, 1934 Topics of the Times THE TRIAL AND ERROR METHOD IN tives. Hundreds of missionaries-like Goodell of MISSIONS Turkey, Mary Slessor and David Livingstone of Men and women who make no mistakes, make Africa, Fidelia Fiske of Persia, Carey and Cham- nothing-and that is a mistake. Missionaries are berlain of India, Judson of Burma, Eliza Agnew not perfect; they are not exempt from liability to of Ceylon, Underwood of Korea, Hudson Taylor of China, John G. Paton of the New Hebrides, error. Some have evidently mistaken tbeir call- Jackson of Alaska, Verbeck of Japan, and counting; some have mistaken their message; others mistake the main missionary objective; they have less others-show the character and ability of the mistaken the true marks of success and the Power men and women who have responded to the mis- sionary call. on which it depends. Mission Boards and executives also make mis- Spirit-filled missionaries and work accepted by God have not been found only in one nation, or takes-including the mistake of neglecting to ac- denomination, or in any particular type of organknowledge and correct errors they may have made. ization. They have been and are British, Con- In the appointment of some missionaries, in the tinental, American; they are found among Bapselection of executives, the best use of funds, in tists, Methodists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, methods adopted on the field, in the attitude of the independents. The same is true of converts and missions toward non-Christian religions, in the native Christian leaders. Nor has one method converts and in the development of the native proved to be effective to the exclusion of all others churches; in all of these mistakes have been made -educational, medical, preaching or the use of and they may as well be recognized and acknowl- literature-all have been used, when marked by edged. Unfriendly critics have discovered them faith and prayer and sacrifice, to prepare the way and published them abroad _ often generalizing and to produce the desired results. on them so as to convey the impression that the whole work is a mistake. But it is not. The value The "trial and error" method in Christian of Christian missions is incontrovertible as seen Mission work has been useful. We have learned in the history of Christian missions. The work by mistakes and may yet learn more in the same as a whole has been marked by loyalty to God and way. But this method is not the only way to reach to Christ and His message; by sacrificial devotion the ideal and is not always necessary· .for each to men's salvation and human progress; by sa- enterprise or for each generation. Experience is gacity in promoting the work; by economy in ex- a good teacher but we can learn by the mistakes penditures; by care in the selection of workers, of others if we will. We shall be saved from and in the winning of men and the training of countless and costly errors if we will study first converts. The history of missions in Africa and the will and plan of God as He has revealed it; in the South Seas, for example, has proved the and then if we will follow His way, without fear power of God to transform primitive savages into or faltering. How many mistakes have been due stalwart intelligent Christians. The results of to a tendency to copy human standards; to pride missions in India and China, in Japan and Korea in building up big organizations and institutions are seen not only in the growing Christian to the glory of men; to desire to appoint 'mission- Churches but in the permeation of national insti- aries and native workers who have intellectual tutions and ideals with Christian truth and mo- capacity and specialized training rather than with [163 ]

first emphasis on spiritual fitness? Has not money out of commission and an official estimate reported occupied too large a place in our presentation of over 2,000 deaths. The fact that the quake came the needs of the Kingdom of God? Have not de- in the early afternoon prevented a more widenominational riv~lries and personal opinions spread mortality. At Jamalpur, Bishop Westcott, hindered Christians from working together har- the Metropolitan of India, had a narrow escape moniously under the direction of the Holy Spirit? when the house where he had been staying col- Separatist and reform movements that have be- lapsed a few moments after he had made a hasty gun with a desire to follow Christ more closely exit. The town of Monghyr, on the Ganges, is in have usually developed into new sects that divide ruins and English Baptist property was destroyed. the followers and the forces of Christ. Relief has been sent to the sufferers and mis- Today while efforts are being made to unite sion school pupils have been taken to Gonda, more closely the various members of the Presby- Arrah and Patna – which also suffered damage. terian body others are endeavoring to separate During the night after the earthquake the Mohamthem. A recent protest has come from some forty medans could be heard reciting their prayers and leaders in the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., the Hindus, shouting "Ram, Ram, Sita Ram." against another movement to divide the mission- Miss J. M. Smith, principal of the Methodist Girls' ary forces. These leaders express their confidence School at Muzaffarpur, writes: "More than ever in loyalty of the Board of Foreign Missions to we feel our responsibility for giving these people Christ and His teachings, their belief in the ability the Gospel of Christ." The Christian Indians and devotion of the missionaries and they testify showed their character in the midst of danger. to the spiritual effectiveness of the work under the "The Lord was not in the earthquake," quotes N. direction of the Board as they have seen it. K. Mukerjee, President of the Indian Christian Association of the United Provinces, but is made A further division in the loyal forces of the known in "the still small voice," and is ever speak- Church is to be deprecated. We believe that it ing to man through His Son Jesus Christ. can be avoided. A definite reaffirmation of loyalty to Christ and of faith in the Bible as the Word of Other news of distress comes from the United God; acceptance of the Board's clear statement Provinces where plague is working havoc, and that the primary object of Christian missions is 1,200 are reported to have died in a few days. to win men to Christ; a removal of any workers With the widespread bathing in insanitary public at home or abroad who do not accept this clear pools and sacred rivers full of sewage, and with statement; a cultivation of the spirit of prayer such disregard for laws of health in living conand dependence on the Holy Spirit in all mission ditions and in care of the sick, the only wonder is work, and a determination to heal breaches and that epidemics are not more prevalent and disto work together in the spirit of Christian love and astrous. loyalty will do much to unite Christ's followers under His leadership. Since no human interpreter Mr. N. K. Mukerjee, in commenting on the is infallible, why should any man or woman as- earthquake, says in The Indian Witness: sume the office of a spiritual interpreter or dictator? "None is good-perfectly good and infal- There is more power in the Divine Voice than in nalible-but One, that is God." "We must all stand ture's mightiest efforts. And as the Lord's absence from before the judgment seat of Christ." the most potent forces of nature (wind, earthquake, fire) was a warning to Elijah not to identify Jehovah exclu- EARTHQUAKE AND PLAGUE IN INDIA sively with these natural phenomena which were but tran- sient vehicles of his self-revelation, so to every age comes On January 15 a destructive earthquake oc- the message that the Lord is to be known fully and comcurred in northeast India, extending from Luck- pletely only when He speaks to man in the person of His now nearly to Darjeeling. The province of Behar, Son: the Living Word. northeast of the United Provinces and bordering on the Himalaya Mountains, suffered most. Many The wind, and the earthquake, and the fire at times but Christian schools and evangelistic centers were harden the heart. The message of the wind and the earthaffected, among them those of the Methodist Epis- quake and the fire can be resisted, but who can resist the copal Church, the English Baptists, Church Mis- "still small voice," the voice of the loving heavenly Father? sionary Society, London Missionary Society, Regions Beyond, and other organi~ations. In Muzaf- CAN TURKS BE CHRISTIANS? farpur, one of the cities where there was great damage and loss of life, the school buildings, the The Aksham, a daily paper published in Istannew church and some bungalows of the Methodist bul, gives a translation of an article on "Chris- Episcopal Mission were wrecked. The city was a tian Turks -in Rumania," written by a former heap of ruins, sanitary arrangements were put Ottoman Senator, Batsarya Efendi. It originally appeared in the Bucharest daily Adeverul, and was considered of enough significance to be copied entire in the Turkish paper. The article, trans- lated, reads as follows: The name "Christian Turks" should not seem strange. We must separate religion from race in this matter. For

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

instance, when we say Rumanian, we give this term a many tribes of Turks who, before the advent of racial significance. The same sort of meaning should be Islam, were Christians and who persisted in their given to the term Turk. This word is not the name of a Christianity even after some had become Mosreligion, but is restricted to mean simply a nationality. lems. These Christians were regarded as good Just as essentially there is no Rumanian religion, so there Turks nevertheless. is no Turkish religion. The majority of the Turks have accepted the Moslem faith; but not all Turks are Mos- The quoted article has made no little impression lems. Some of them have become Christians, or have con- in Istanbul circles, showing that there are Turks tinued to preserve their Christian religion. today in Rumania who are not given the chance Today there are Buddhist Turks, and there are also the so-called Jeraim or Jewish Turks. :But the Christian by the Rumanian Government to have their own Turks are naturally, after the Moslem Turks, the most schools to cultivate the use of the Turkish langim,portant. These Christian Turks are of the Orthodox uage and culture. Every attempt to show that Church and were once more numerous, but a large num- one can be a Christian and still be a good Turk ber have been assimilated by the nationalities among whom they lived. In the centuries when the princip.le of na- is so much to the advantage of those who are now tionality was neglected, and, the matter of religion consti- coming out of Islam and are suffering bitter pertuted the most important distinction between peoples, the secution, in spite of the Turkish law allowing matter of assimilation was important, especially in Turk- freedom to all religions. Practically the only freeish countries. It is true the Moslem Turks, or more exactly dom not allowed seems to be to turn from Islam the Turkish nation, did not consider the Turkish Chris- tians as fellow countrymen. The Christian Turks, even to Christ.

though they were of the same stock, and their mother tongue was the Turkish language, were regarded as MISSIONARIES UNDER ATTACK Greeks or as Bulgarians simply because they were not Moslems. In the schools of these Turks, the teaching was The recent attacks on missionaries in" Egypt in Greek or in Bulgarian. The Turkish Government never thought of the fact that instruction ought to be in their have raised the question as to how far Christians own mother tongue. On the contrary, those whose only should yield ground to opponents of the Gospel. bond with the Moslem Turks was their religion, were reckoned as being Turks. What kept the Christian Turks In Egypt the general opposition to Christian mis- from separating from the others was the fact that neither sions has been greatly accentuated by the unwise among themselves nor by others were they called acts of one independent Swedish Mission in deal- Turks….. . in with a Moslem girl-as described in our Sep- tember number. This led to such extreme false The presence of these Christian Turks, whose national- statements in the public press that bitter hostility istic consciousness and conscience has begun to waken, is a matter that interests the Rumanian Government, and raises the question of the recognition of their cultural and was aroused and led to a demand that all Chrisnational rights. These Christian Turks have the right to tian propaganda be prohibited by the Government. learn their mother tongue in their schools and to use it The newspaper attacks call "evangelism worse in the religious rites in their churches….. . than the white slave traffic" and include charges that missionaries are agents of imperialistic gov- Today the Gagautzis (or Christian Turks in Bulgaria) living in Dobrudja and Bessarabia are under the control and influence of either the Greek or the Bulgarian Church; ernments and that they have endeavored to bring that is, they are reckoned part as Greeks and part as about conversion of youth to Christianity by beat- Bulgarians. But in reality these are Turks, only that ing, by bribery and by misrepresentations; by their religion is Christian. The Christian Turks have the taking advantage of sickness, poverty and ignosame right as other national minorities to organize their own schools. rance; by threats of eternal punishment and even This is a significant argument, for one greAt by hypnotism and immorality. Politics became stumblingblock which has prevented Turks from involved with fanaticism and falsehoods so that acknowledging allegiance to Jesus Christ is the even the Shiekh el Azhar and the Government feeling that to turn from Islam to Christianity is were attacked, because of their inaction, as indif- ferent, incompetent or partners in crime. A deunpatriotic and is a disgrace. Many Turks feel mand was made to close all mission schools and that death is the only sqitable penalty for such to prohibit Christian teaching in hospitals. The treachery. A father recently said that if his Coptic "Society of Sincerity" also expressed a daughter became a Christian, he should feel it his desire to cooperate with Moslems in their opposiduty to kill her for having thus disgraced his tion to evangelical missions. Government censorfamily. A man may be a notoriously wicked char- ship of all Christian books brought into Egypt acter, a thief or even a murderer, but if he is a is urged. good Moslem it is overlooked; but when he be- comes a Christian, he is considered worse than As a result of this agitation the Protestant mis- a dog. For this reason it is encouraging to see sions in Egypt have issued statements denying steps toward persuading people that a man may coercion and bribery and condemning any unfair be a loyal Turk and be a Christian also. Recently methods of attempting to win Moslems to Christ.

there appeared a book by a well-known and re- The Egypt Inter-Mission Council has adopted a spected Turkish scholar, giving the history of statement of policy in mission work, agreeing to

certain regulations and restrictions. This state- sonal character, in righteousness, in loving human ment of policy includes: relationships, in reverence to God and in obedience 1. Disapproval of all use of coercion, material induce- to Him.

ments, use of n1rcotics or hypnotism, fraud and misrepre- MISSIONS IN VACATION LAND sentation as methods of winning converts and as utterly abhorrent to Christian teaching and principles. Christian missionary-minded women have 2. An agreement that it would be advisable if every shown marked efficiency in carrying through the proposed change of religion could be submitted to ad- program of the fifth session of the Florida Chain ministrative authorities, the convert be heard, and op- of Missionary ~ssemblies, in twelve centers, Janportunity be given to dissuade the person concerned, with- out undue pressure. uary 20th to February 15th. The attendance was 3. A proposal that boys and girls should not be baptized large and the program strong. The theme was without the parents' consent, and not be permitted publicly "Christian Discipleship in a New Age," and the to indicate a change of faith until they have reached ma- addresses and discussions, led by a group of repturity. Parental authority is upheld. resentative "Christian w 0 rId ambassadors"

4. Disapproval of all abusive reference to the religious beliefs of others, or scornful treatment of what is held touched many fields of missionary activity at home sacred. and abroad.

5. Agreement that, so far as is possible, none shall be Miss Gertrude Schultz, one of the speakers and admitted to mission schools, hospitals, welfare centers or a Home Base secretary of the Presbyterian Board other institutions without knowing these are Christian of Foreign Missions, says: enterprises.

6. Disclaiming any desire for special privileges for To my mind these Missionary Assemblies represent the Christian institutions and expressing a purpose to sub- finest example of Christian cooperation and fellowship in mit to Governmental regulations which shall be impar- the great world-wide missionary work of the whole tially applied to similar institutions of all faiths, Mos- Church. Through this cooperation it was possible to make lem or Christian. an impression on the whole community. An even greater value is the deepening of the spiritual life of the com- 7. Belief in the right of free speech and a readiness to munity and the arousing of many indifferent people to a cooperate with the Government in maintenance of regula- new appreciation of spiritual values. Another value was tions governing religious propaganda, even notifying" the the information given about the missionary enterprise and Government of the proposed itineraries of missionaries the work carried on in various countries. It presented a and of meetings held outside of premises controlled by demonstration of the fact that people are interested in Christians.

This is going a long ways to meet the objections the deeper things because the crowds came morning, noon of the opponents of Christian missions. It will and night to listen to straight missionary mess~ges.

Another value came from the number of women put to be difficult to carry out these policies fully and it work. In each place a very large committee and many would be impractical to bring every convert be- younger women were drawn into service who heretofore fore some administrative authority with repre- have not had a very vital interest in the missionary entersentatives of both sides present "to argue the prise. case." While Christians have no desire to exercise any undue pressue to persuade others to ac- The secret of the success of these meetings was the prayer preparation and the prayer during the Assemblies. Each member of the faculty was given a prayer partner cept· Christ, and should not observe secrecy in for each place where the Assembly met. This meant that their work, and while they fear no fair arguments, each one had at least fourteen men and women who were it is difficult to see how St. Paul and the early remembering us daily in prayer long before the Assembly Christians could have carried on their work of started and continuing through the whole month of meet- ings. It was a wonderful experience to feel the backing witnessing if, before any voluntary convert could a'nd strength which came from this united and constant be baptized, he or she must have been brought circle of prayer.

before a court and the arguments presented to In each center the speakers were guided to their win a verdict. appointments by hosts and hostesses and each day After all it is the business of all Christians, by after a special period of spiritual fellowship the word of mouth and by a life of loving service, members of the team went out to fill their engage- openly to bear witness to Christ as the true revela- ments. An address of Dr. E. Stanley Jones on tion of God and the only divine Saviour and Lord. "The Spirit and Aim of Christian Missions"

It is the business of non-Christians to decide for brought together 5,000 people in one place.

themselves whether they will accept or reject The success of these Floriga Assemblies seems Him, and whether or not they will openly confess to be due largely to the thorough, prayerful prep- Him before men and follow His Way of Life. aration made, and the earnest purpose of the Schools, hospitals, social service, statistics, church speakers to reveal the need of all men for Christ organizations and even baptisms are secondary and to witness to the power of God where the Gos- matters. The one thing of vital importance is pel is faithfully preached. Controversial topics such a personal relation to God through Jesus which separate Christians were avoided and those Christ that new life has been imparted to the be- were stressed which unite the followers of Christ liever-eternal life-which is manifested in per- in loyal obedience to His leadership.

Approach to Non–Christians *

By the REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., of India Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church,. Author of "The Christ of Every Road," etc., etc.

MISSIONARIES are often accused of being Touch the East anywhere and you come out ruthless iconoclasts, walking across the finally at the demand for freedom. We who are susceptibilities of non-Christian people, cradled in liberty can scarcely deny that right to paying little attention to their cultures, to the de- other people.

posit of truth in their ancient religions,' and to Therefore the Gospel, as it comes to the East, the development of their national genius. There must come related to the growing nationalist may be some truth in that contention. We have movement and the growing demand that they be ofttimes been careless; sometimes ruthless; masters in their own house. Our Gospel must again and again we have been blundering in our not seem foreign; it must not cut across that approach to the nations of the East. growing demand; it must stand in the midst to We must take counsel to see whether or not we evangelize these movements that are sweeping are really effectively approaching the nations of across the East. We must put the Gospel at the the East with our Gospel. How shall we ap- heart of these growing movements to guide, conproach the awakened East, the most changing trol and direct them into the proper channels. portion of this globe? Once on a ship, going The second thing that rises out of the welter of around India, I noticed every morning that the things in the East is the impact of Western civilbarometer pointed to change. About the third ization. We might call it the impact of modern, morning, I asked the captain: . scientific attitudes upon the ancient cultures of "Doesn't that barometer ever point to anything the East. It is producing change, upset, skeptibut change?" cism in an amazing way in India. During the past "No," he replied, "because it is out of order." year I found more skepticism there than I had in Any barometer that points to change in the East my previous twenty-six years in that land. A is in order at the present time. young student said to me: Out of the welter of things that are taking place today, at least three compel our attention: "Here we stand; in one hand we have a set of books, Gandhi and Tolstoi; in the other hand we First, the rise of a national demand for free- have Lenin and Marx. We do not know which dom. For centuries the East was asleep; now it way to go, whether the violent, irreligious way is awake from one end to the other, the whole of Marx, or the nonviolent religious way of thing surging with a sense of new national des- Gandhi and Tolstoi." tiny and demand for freedom. A man with the marks of their god, Siva, upon In Benares, there is a new object of worship. his brow, said to me: The relief map of India, the Mother Land, is a "I do not believe in God; the sooner we get rid new object of worship. In the Philippine Islands, a little boy was taking an examination and had to of the idea of God in India the better; religion describe the cow. He did so in the following has held us back."

terms: "I don't know which to believe," I replied; the "A cow is an animal that stands upon four legs, words of your mouth or the marks on your fore- head; they seem to speak contradictory things." fastened at the four corners. A cow gives milk, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death." "You- can't tell by the marks on a man's brow The little fellow expressed a desire that is surg- as to what he is thinking in India today," he said. ing through the East. Start anywhere and you "We are just waiting for Gandhi to play out and then what I represent begins." meet the demand for freedom. A nationalist – "What do you represent?" I asked. leader said to me, "We know why you missionaries are here. If "I represent communism," said he. you start at the binomial theory, you end up at Here was a man with all the ancient marks of orthodoxy upon his brow and yet back in his mind conversion." were the newest and most radical theories of so- • An address given at the United Missionary Meetings in New cial change. York City, October 30, 1933.

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The third thing that we see in the changing in solitude, with a disciplined spiritual life. It is East is the fact that India wants God. It seems based on a doctrine of fellowship, simplicity and contradictory to the things I have just said, but a corporate quest. We Christians have taken this in spite of the skepticism there is an undertone idea, but at its heart we have put Christ. It has of spiritual hunger for God. It is not a skepti- the idea of monastery, and yet it is not; it is a cism that glories, but a skepticism that is lonely retreat and yet it is not. The ashram is some- because the Great Companion is dead. India is thing with an Indian flavor of peace, calm, poise the most God-thirsty nation upon earth. The peo- and spiritual quest. We have a beautiful hill sta- ple have yearned for God for release. The old tion in the Himalayas, five thousand feet high; India felt that she had to come back for rebirth an estate which I believe was given us by the love after rebirth, eighty-two millions of times. If of God. It has three hundred acres; numbers of one had to do this his spirit would grow weary cottages are scattered across the estate, and there and paralyzed at the appalling number of re- is a centralized bungalow in which we have the births, so religion asked for release. Today, how- ashram. It includes a lake and borders upon two ever, India wants God, not so much for release, other lakes. When the plains are boiling with the as she wants God for reconstruction; for remak- heat, we go aside into this corporate spiritual ing her land; to give inward nerve; dynamic quest. Our purpose is to do two things: first, unselfishness; dependableness of character; some develop the Christian spirit; second, to yoke that power by which to live, not by which to escape with the Indian spirit, so that the coming to- life. gether of the Christian spirit and the Indian The Maharajah of Baroda gave an address at spirit may produce something living, indigenous, Chicago recently in the Parliament of Religions. and not second hand; something truly Indian but He used a phrase which I recognized as a phrase redeemed with the love and power of Christ. So I used in a meeting in India at which he was pres- we live in Indian style and wear Indian clothes, ent. "Religion is a cry for life," he said. In because we want to identify ourselves with the ancient Hindu religion was a cry to escape, to be Indians. We wear khaddar, the Indian home- released. Now it is a cry for life. The Mahara- spun, the sign of the nationalist, although we are jah pad caught the idea. Religion is a cry for not politicians.

life, inner life to match the outer demand, outer The first motto on the wall as you go into the circumstances that one meets every day. India ashram is this: needs God and wants God for the reconstruction "Leave behind all race and class distinctions, of her land. ye who enter here."

Anyone who goes to India with the Gospel must We literally do that. We lay aside all titles.

relate himself to those three great facts in India's There are no doctors, no professors,. no bishops, life. but just people. We are Brother Stanley, Brother Some time ago, in thinking about my own ap- Mohan, Sister Lela and so on.

proach to the East, I found that we must have A second motto on the wall expresses the purthree things to meet these three great demands. pose of the ashram: First, we could not go to India unless we were "Here we enter a fellowship, sometimes we will quite sure of God for ourselves. No man dare go agree to differ, always we will resolve to love and with a mere doctrine about God; he must go to unite to serve." India with God as a living fact, or else fail. We The third motto is: must go aside in a spiritual quest to be sure that "There is no religion or philosophy possible we have a working fact of God in our own lives, where fear of consequences is a greater incentive in order that we may not be fussy purveyors of than love of truth."

professional truth. We must be brother men, So we have a passionate devotion t.o reality, to sharing what we have found as a living, redemp- see where we come out in following truth.

tive power in life. We live a disciplined life. We rise at 5 o'clock Our Christian Ashram in the morning and go out to the prayer knoll to spend an hour in corporate silence; opening with Nine months of the year in India I spend in a hymn and closing with a hymn. Between these evangelistic work; two and one-half months I go we are in corporate silence, waiting for the com- aside with a group, in what we call an ashram in ing of the dawn. God comes across the silences the Himalaya Mountains. There we try to find a in this corporate, silent fellowship. At the close fellowship with each other and redemptive fel- of the hour we march back to the ashram, sing- lowship with God. An ashram is an ancient In- ing a processional hymn, telling how we come out dian ideal, come down through the centuries, of the prayer hour into the day with God. Then where religious teachers would go aside and live we have our morning tea, bread and butter.

OUR APPROACH TO NON-CHRISTIANS

After that we have our work-period, where a free churchman the next. The beautiful thing everybody is assigned something to do with his is, that the high churchman both takes it from us hands. In India, it is not considered respectable and gives it to us. The Quaker is there too. All to work with the hands; no gentleman ever does types and kinds are there in that amazing com- it; that's the reason why we do it! Everybody is munion. At the close we bare our hearts to each assigned a job, no matter who he is. My par- other in a round table conference. Thus we go ticular job was to bring wood from the forest. A through the week.

sirami and I used to do it and I learned to do it We live in extreme simplicity. We have found his way, that is, to carry the wood in on my head. that there are two possible ways of being rich; There were compensations in it; it makes you you can be rich in the abundance of your posses- straight; if you bend your head the load will sions, or in the fewness of your wants. We de- break your neck, so the burden straightens one! cided we would be rich in the fewness of our At the close of that period, we have three hours wants, so we live on about a rupee (thirty cents) of group thinking. Every year we study a sub- a day. There are about thirty-five of us, with ject together. We try to interpret Christianity others coming and going all the time. These through Indian forms and expressions, so they thirty-five are the central nucleus. People are feel it is something that appeals directly to their being transformed there. We try to produce a own hearts. We invite people from all over India miniature Kingdom of God in our relationship to bring up papers; they are read to us as a with each other. That is the first approach we group and then they are published as an ashram have to India by way of God; we must be sure volume. I haven't time to go through the entire that we have something adequate for our own day, but we end at eventide with a lakeside serv- lives. The second approach is a step beyond.

ice, where in quietness we bare our own spiritual The intellectual climate has changed in India. It needs, and in the quietness of that evening hour, has changed from tradition to the attitude of many a life is transformed and made new. looking to the facts; the scientific attitude to- One day a week we keep entire silence. The ward life. In this impact of Western knowledge first year we didn't do that and hqw we survived there has come a d~cay of the reality of religion I am not quite sure. It is a great sense of relief in many minds. Religion must .rehabilitate itself to have one day with yourself and God; to walk in the midst of these fresh currents; it must among people and know that not one single prob- verify itself in the changed atmosphere. Once we lem will be raised, not one question asked. Prac- thought that science and religion were in conflict; tically all of us consolidate our spiritual gains by the situation is clearer now. Today we see, I going into the forest and spending the day in think, some things that we have not seen before.

meditation and prayer. At meal time, we have Science has its province; religion has its prov- some one read to us; without that the silence ince; science is interested in the quantitive as- would be too terrible! One day a week we give pects of life; religion is interested in the qualita- the few servants a holiday and we volunteer to tive aspects. Science has reference to that which take their places. The cook's work is fairly re- can be weighed and measured; religion has ref- spectable, so it is not difficult to get cooks, but the erence to that which can be evaluated. Science sweeper is the scavenger, and the cleaning of the would come to the poetry of Milton and would night soil devolves on the outcast; he has to pay pick out the physical structure of his s~ntences.

the penalty for that necessary work. We felt that Having done so, has it given 'an adequate inter- we had no right to exact that work from the pretation of the poetry of Milton? Religion in- sweeper unless we ourselves were willing to un- terprets the ideas that use the structure of the dertake to do it. But that is not an easy thing to sentence. It takes both science and religion to do, especially when we have high cast Indians give a complete answer to the poetry of Milton.

among us, some of them Hindus. It is not easy Experiments in Religion either for the white Brahmans of the West or the brown Brahmans of India. But both do it with Someone has given as a definition of a violin a sense of elation and joy. However, I noticed solo-not very elegant, but scientific perhaps. It one Brahman convert hesitating and I said, is "the scraping of a horse's tail across the guts "When are you going to volunteer?" He replied, of a dead cat." That is true as far as it goes, but "Brother Stanley, I am converted, but I am not who would say it is an adequate definition of a converted that far." Most of our conversions are violin solo? The violin soloist would say there is only relative! something else there-ideas, emotions, thoughts, On Sunday morning we have communion to- pUlsating and beating through this physical struc- gether, a high churchman gives it one Sunday and ture and using it for a purpose. It takes both

answers to give an adequate answer to what a conference. As men and women unfold what He violin solo is. is doing for them, it seemed that they were find- The situation is clearer between science and re- ing something that other people, not in fellowship ligion now. Each has its province. But some of with Him, were not finding. In other words, here us are not content with that, for it ends up in a was something that was producing effects in hu- multiverse rather than a universe. We wonder man lives, closely akin to what we call salvation, if science and religion can not contribute to each redemption, lifting into a new life, giving of other. Religion can give something to science- power by which to live, hope in the midst of hope- a new spirit, unselfishness, a new instinct for lessness, new nerve to people who have lost their brotherhood. On the other hand, science can give way to live. I watched Christ rise up and take to religion her. method of experimentation. Re- command of every situation because of what was ligion can take some of the spirit of science in her being produced in human life.

quest after the Divine. So we, in round table If I did not know that Jesus had said, "I am conferences, ask about twenty-five or thirty of the the way," I would certainly know it from what leading men of all faiths to come together to face happened at those round table conferences. If I religion in a new way. We have about an equal were a visitor from Mars, sitting at the round number of Christians and non-Christians; in table and heard men speak, I would say, "Who is fact, we have more non-Christians than Chris- this Jesus who seems to do something for people tians, because we don't want them to feel we have that no one else is doing?" He calls forth a packed the meeting. We suggest to the group loyalty, devotion, response that is amazing. There that we have had the dogmatic, the competitive, is something working at life redemptively. Everythe controversial attitudes toward religion; isn't body who comes into the meetings recognizes this it possible we might have an approach more akin fact, though they interpret it in different ways. to the method of science. In the scientific atti- Walking home with a Mohammedan one day, he tude there are three things: experimentation, said to me: "The Mohammedans and Hindus must have verification and sharing of verifications. I suggest we apply those three things. Here been more honest and sincere in that meeting towe are, a group of people experimenting with re- night than you Christians." ligion, using it as a working way to live. As we "That is interesting," I replied; "but I don't have experimented, has God become to us a new understand what you mean." power by which to live? What does religion do "Well," he said, "all of us acknowledged that we had found nothing, and all of you Christians in experience? Will you share your verifications? said you had found something, therefore we must We suggest that no one argue, no one try to'make have been more honest and sincere than you." a case, but that we simply share what religion is doing for us in actual experience. We go around I replied that that was one way of interpreting the circle and each one lays on the table what re- it, but there is another interpretation and that is ligion means or does not mean to him. I would this: Jesus is the way! I believe that He is, and not have believed that the leading men of the East say it, not dogmatically, but out of the facts. would open their hearts in this way if I had not Science goes into the laboratory, puts together cer- tain things and gets certain results. I watch peotried it one day on the spur of the moment, and ple put together certain things – Jesus Christ, it worked. Leading officials, business men, edu- personal surrender, trust, obedience; and to the cators and sometimes rulers will bare their hearts degree they do that there emerges a higher type and tell what religion does or does not mean to of human living, a more victorious type. But I them in experience. I have looked into the souls find no other system producing victorious human of these people in this particular kind of confer- living. Skepticism doesn't. It has no song in its ence for years in a sympathetic way. Surely in heart. those years, certain things will write something In Latin America some years ago, I was speakupon one's heart. ing one day to teachers of Santiago, Chile. After- The Supremacy of Christ wards, the Latin-American head teacher, a bril- liant woman,_but skeptical, turned to me and said, What is the result of it all? I may be con- "Do you know why we come to listen to what you sidered dogmatic perhaps, yet I do not believe have to say? You have a song in your heart; that it is dogmatism; it is actual concrete fact. Latin-America dearly loves music." The world As I have sat day after day listening with sym- wants music and I do not know how to find it pathy and prayer, something has written itself except in ·Jesus Christ."

upon my mind. It is just this: I watch Jesus rise In the Straits Settlements, in a meeting with in supremacy in the midst of every round table the Chinese, as we went around the circle, it came

the turn of a Chinese teacher to tell what religion ginning of this work, a verse was given to me: was doing for him. He said: "Be not anxious what you shall speak; for it is "Some time ago I wrote in my New Testament not you who speak, but the spirit of your' Father these words at the top, 'It works!' with an ex- which speaketh in you." I cannot remember any clamation point. Under it I wrote these words: situation in these meetings where this was not 'You ask me for a definition or an explanation and proved true. There were some close calls! A I may not be able to give it, but this I know, my man got up one day and said, "Can you put your religion works! I put it under life, it learns to finger on a verse where Jesus says that he is the live; I put it under sorrow, it learns to sing. son of God? Please give me the chapter and Thank God, it works !' " verse." I had a hazy notion where one could be I believe this is true. To the degree that we found, but I didn't know exactly where; I threw work it, Christian faith works. I said that to a open my New Testament with a prayer, and the very modern young woman in California a few first verses my eyes fell on were those where weeks ago and she replied: Jesus met the man who had been born blind, and "But you don't know how skepticism has eaten He had healed him. Jesus asked, "Dost thou be- into my heart and spirit; I believe in nothing; I lieve on the Son of God?" And the man said, can't grasp a thing." "WJ:l.O is he Lord, that I might believe on him?"

"You try it," I answered, "if it doesn't work for Jesus replied, "Thou hast both seen him and it is you, don't take it." he that speaketh unto thee."

She walked out, saying that she would try it. I inwardly gasped, and then read it off as A few hours later a message came from her say- though I had known all about it all the time! I ing: "Tell Dr. Jones 'it works.''' It does. thanked God for the quiet little miracle! I believe I believe that second approach is sound. We in an untrammeled God. We allow the people to feel in approaching the East through the round ask questions and sometimes they ask until we table conferences we are using a scientific method are exhausted. We run our meetings, not by the and that here real Christianity comes to its own. hourglass but by the heartbeat; we go on until The third way of our approach to the East is a we are exhausted. Sometimes the meetings are full of tension, but never do they leave bad blood. method based on the other two. We would not I have never had a disturbance of any kind. The dare go the third step unless we were willing to whole situation is surging with national excitego the first two. We must be quite sure of our ment; the whole of India is seemingly sitting on own spiritual lives and then we must be willing the lid of a volcano, and yet there has never been to put that down along side of other people's way a disturbance of any kind in my meetings-except of life, to test it out there. After doing the first one night. That night the Nationalists saw the two, we are now prepared for the third-public Government officials come and they surrounded announcement of assured results. We are now the meeting and yelled their national yells for prepared to preach, since we ourselves have been three-quarters of an hour. I asked my audience experimenting and have found something. Our if I should go on. They asked me to do so. I third approach is through the public meeting. preached the Gospel of brotherhood and goodwill We have non-Christian chairmen, some of them while the storm was raging. It was a good time very able men; some of them are highly cultured to preach it! When the Nationalists heard what kind of a meeting we were having they apologized men; most all of them both, but some of them and said, "We will come in ourselves." The last you would not have in your evangelistic meetings night one of them arose and read a paper thankat the home base! We allow the chairman to say ing me for what I had been saying to them about anything he wishes. He has a right to negative Jesus. practically everything I say, if he wishes to do it. I feel that if the Gospel cannot stand this, it is ANew Day in India weak. If someone's words can cut under and de- stroy and break it, then the Gospel has not much This is a new day in India as far as the acceptreality. . ance of Jesus is concerned. The people deeply At the close of the meeting we always allow reject many things in Western civilization; they the audience to ask questions. The Indian mind is are embittered against Western products and as good as yours; they love argument; they are forms, yet all the time there is a slow permeation keen minded and philosophical. Moreover, we and saturation of Jesus in the situation. He is have from twenty-five to one hundred or two hun- rising to dominance, changing the outlook, the dred lawyers at each of these meetings and to ex- spirit and the mentality of non-Christians.

pose one's self to these questions to be answered Canon Holland one day said to me, "I can't help without hesitation on the spur of the moment, is but contrast this series of meetings with the series to expose one's self to disaster. But in the be- I arranged for John R. Mott twenty-five years ago.

He spoke to that audience for three nights and youth with Christ's hands on his shoulder; Christ dared not mention the name of Jesus Christ until with His other hand was pointing toward somethe fourth night, and when he did the whole meet- thing that seemed to challenge them. I asked the ing broke up in confusion; the leading Hindus young men to feel His hand upon their shoulder stalked out. The name of Jesus Christ stood for and follow Him. At the close, a young man came everything that they hated. Now you begin the to me, dressed in the purest khaddar, the sign of a name of Christ from your first word; you inter- Nationalist, and said, "This morning I was down pret Him for them in the light of their need; they there at the docks crying, "Simon go back," but sit here night after night and want more of it; I tonight I feel Christ's hand upon my shoulder; I am astonished at the difference." hear Him saying to me, 'Come forward with me,' and I come." We have tried then to approach the East first, through our personal fellowship; second, through We hope that some day we will be more Christhe round table; and third, through an open and tian; we hope that we can Christianize the confrank declaration of Jesus Christ as the Saviour tacts with the East better than we are doing. In of men. We believe that we face in India today the meantime, Jesus Christ is penetrating India, the gravest situation we have ever faced. They penetrating into the soul of the East. What do are deeply embittered against the West, but they we ask, then, of you. Give us your intelligent, are more and more turning to Jesus Christ. I spiritual backing; give us a far finer type of was in Bombay when the Simon Commission Christianity. If you will give us this backing for landed. This was an all-white commission, come the next ten, fifteen or twenty years, I believe to decide the political destiny of India. The In- that we shall see some of the greatest conquests dians deeply resented this, feeling their destiny the Christian Church has yet experienced. was to be decided by white people. So when the Commission landed in Bombay, they were met At the close of one of my meetings, the Hindu at the docks by a chant of the crowds which said, chairman said: "If what the speaker has said to- "Simon go back!" "Simon go back!" It was the night is not true; it doesn't matter; but if it is revolt of the East against the dominance of the true, I tell you nothing else matters." If the Gos- West. We wondered if we could have a meeting pel of Jesus Christ is not true, the sooner we get that night since processions were going up and rid of it the better; but if it is true, then nothing down the streets with black banners. But our else matters. We ought to have a Christianity at crowds came; they were not only there, but it was the home base that is taken as seriously as the the same eager crowds as before. When, at the communist takes his communism. The hour has close of my talk, I described a picture I had seen come when the Christian Church must give a more that night on my way to church-a picture of a complete surrender to Jesus Christ or must sur- render Him entirely. We cannot ,give Him up I True and False Religion From Dnyanodaya, Poona, India DR. OTTO, at the Jerusalem Missionary Con- point out that Jesus not only helps men by the ex- ference, said: "I went out to India with the ample which makes Him unique, but also by His idea that Christ was the prolongation of redeeming Cross which gives Him a place all His other truths but not essentially different. I have own in dealing with the problem of the world's sin. come back convinced that in Christ we have not merely prolongation of other truths, but differ- There is a growing feeling among missionaries ence in quantity is so great that it amounts to a and the Christian Church in the East that Chrisdifference in quality. He is not merely the More; tian people should not join hands with those of He is the Other." Jesus Himself gathered up other religions in fighting secularism and skepfrom the Hebrew past all that was noble and beau- ticism. We can help to overcome the secularistic tiful and then He showed wherein the past had ideal by cooperating with other religions in confailed. Too often we have wounded the sensitive fronting secularism by the spiritual interpreta- East because we have reversed the Master's order tion of life, but danger arises when the assumpof thought and action. Like Jesus and His apostles tion is made that any religion is better than no we need first to establish our point of religious religion at all. In the name of religion some of contact with our hearers, basing our teaching as the most terrible things have been done. Jesus much as possible on what the people have known, Himself declared the Temple must be destroyed, and pass on to what is new and helpful. If we since it had come to shelter within its ancient adopt this method we shall inevitably be led to walls a false religion that lay heavy burdens on helpless people. A Museum of Objects and Methods of Worship at Princeton By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Author of "Across the World of Islam"

ORIGINALLY museums were thought of as stated by a representative of the rationalist and storehouses for specimens and exhibits. evolutionary school. Revelation or evolution; God Today the educational function of a mu- or man; supernaturalism or naturalism. We need seum predominates and the curio type of collec- in the study of religions and of Christian missions tion is being replaced with to face this issue, and the material suitable for cultural deeper we explore the so-called and practical 1i n e s. The values of the non-Christian museum as an institution of religions the more we discover popular education is fully the bankruptcy of their sote- recognized by the atheist riology and ethics, and the propagandists of the Soviet hunger of the human heart Union. Anti-religious mu- for the living God.

seums, as well as traveling The inspiration to have a exhibits for anti-religious museum of the history of re- propaganda, are part of the ligion and of missions at communist program. The Princeton Theological Sem- largest of these museums is in inary came anew to me at the Leningrad, in what was for- time of a visit to the Univer- merly the great cathedral of sity of Marburg, Germany.

St. Isaac. The one in Moscow Since 1929 that University opened in November, 1929, owns a collection which is the was visited in one year by over basis for an Institute of Re- 200,000 people. Are c e n t ligious and Missionary Re- writer states: "There is no search. The founder was the doubt that of all the forms of Professor of Theology and anti-religious propaganda the Comparative Study of Reli- museums are the most effec- gions, Dr. Rudolf Otto. Under tive and convincing. They vis- the direction of Dr. Heinrich ualize the anti-religious mes- Frick the amount of material sage and seek to prove it by has grown to such proportions carefully and pointedly se- that the temporary rooms we lected facts and original evi- saw are no longer adequate.

dence." The present plan is to obtain Not only in Russia, but on the old Marburg castle for the the part of liberals in theology purpose. They have an ambi- the attack on religion and on tious program for religious man's need of a revelation is research, a study of the geo- in evidence. "Noone any graphical expansion of the various r~ligions, and correlonger believes," says Reinach, "that even quaternary man IMAGE OF KRISHNA WITH FOUR HANDS, WOR- spondence with missionaries SHIPPED ALL OVER INDIA AS ONE OF THE on the field for the solution was iwgenoardamntt.tofth reeliggriao· tnu;ttouuns- GREAT HINDU INCARNATIONS of living problems on the l ess OF DEITY and puerile hypothesis of a primitive revelation presentation of the Gospel to non-Christians.

we must seek the origin of religions in the psy- The Princeton Museum is more modest in its chology of man, not of civilized man, but of man ambitions and attainments. Our present collec- the farthest removed." That is the issue, clearly tion has found a place on the third floor of Stuart [173 ] Hall but has already outgrown its somewhat end of rosaries apparently began sometime after cramped quarters. The nucleus of a collection al- this rosary was made. It is an extremely ancient ready existed in gifts from the Seminary Alumni, type and probably came down in Gregory's family and no institution has a larger number of alumni from the time of the Crusades. With it is a scattered throughout the world in various mission leather case to enclose it when not in use. It has stations. Since 1818, when Henry Woodward, the Colonna, Gregory's family coat of arms, handthe first foreign missionary graduate went to somely embossed upon it. The use of a rosary Ceylon, down to the present, there have only been apparently had its origin in India among the Budthree classes in more than a century that have not dhists. It was taken up in Islam at the time of sent representatives to the foreign field. Today the Indian conquest, and, according to many, the we have a total of nearly six hundred graduates Crusaders brought the Rosary as an aid to worwho are foreign missionaries. The illustrations ship to the Western Church. that accompany this article give glimpses of the Museum. On a large central raised platform "From India we may trace the spread of the there is a collection of gods and goddesses which rosary to the Buddhists of Ceylon, Burma and face the visitor like a pantheon on entering the Siam (known as the Hinayana or the Southern School), and especially in Tibet, where in Lama- THE PERSONAL ROSARY OF POPE GREGORY XVI ism the faith of Gautama reached its lowest level, (1831-1846) and then the rosary, along with other customs, spread to Mongolia, China, Korea and Japan." Museum. They include a large marble Buddha The rosary is used by all classes of Mohammedans from Siam and a collection of Buddhas from other and in all lands today, with the exception of the lands, in bronze and carved wood,-the elephant- Wahhabis in Arabia. Many of the rosaries are of headed god of India, statues of Kuanyin, the god- rare or unusual materials. One of the best is a dess of mercy; a considerable collection of string of genuine amber beads. They are rather wooden images worshipped in West Africa, and roughly cut and were probably fashioned by the household gods of China. Anatolian camel drivers. There is also in this collection a rosary from Turkey, made of the gall To the left of the central platform is a large stones of cattle. Rosaries used by Buddhists glass case containing the rosary collection of Dr. are often of semi-precious stones and of beautiful Cornelius H. Patton of the American Board, workmanship. One is made of faultless, round whose book on "The Rosary" is a classic. During crystal beads, strung on a heavy white silk cord, a long career in religious work he has made a with tassels of white silk. Others of lapis lazuli, special study of rosaries and assembled the many exquisitely fashioned and strung on blue cord beautiful specimens that are on view at Prince- with blue silk tassels. There are a few of real ton. The collection, valued at about four thou- jade of a rich green color. Others are of agate sand dollars, includes rosaries of great beauty or agates in combination with other stones. and some with historical associations. One of the latter was the personal rosary of Pope Gregory Shown with the rosaries are the baskets in XVI, which, of course, has particular interest. which the Buddhists keep their beads. Many are It is made of gold and agate beads and ends in a lacquer cases, handsomely ornamented. There is tassel, not a crucifix. Use of the crucifix at the one on display at Princeton made of bamboo in octagonal shape, fashioned in a delicate lace-like design. It has survived all these years the wear and tear of use and is still in perfect condition.

The Moslem collection includes a rosary from Stamboul, of very small beads of olive wood, nine hundred and ninety-nine in number, divided into nine sections of 100 each and one section of 99 beads. There is the usual parent-bead (or minaret), to which is attached the counter-string of ten beads. The unique features are this coun- ter and the smallness of the beads. The rosary is so delicate th;tt it can be slipped into a vest pocket, and by means of the counter string the user can keep tally of ten thousand petitions.

On the opposite side of the Museum in a similar large case we find a collection of Japanese musical instruments used in temple worship, models of Chinese Confucian shrines, ancestral tablets, etc.

VISUALIZING THE RELIGIONS

A large map on the wall portrays the spread of character can be studied here from first-hand evi- Islam and its various sects. On tables there is a dence.

fairly complete collection of fetishes, charms, The Museum is greatly appreciated by the stu- masks and drums used in the animistic cults of dents. One of them declared: "All the reading Western Africa. In another section one finds a in the world about a fetish cannot give us the case devoted to Judaism. Here are tiny cases for understanding or make the impression in regard to fetishes that we get from handling one such weird object as we had in class a few recitations ago. Furthermore, when we can see the objects or means of worship, e. g., totems, fetishes, ro- saries, it stirs· our finer qualities into action. It prompts to love, understanding, pity, awe, rever- ence, respect, and desire to help others, and en- larges our love for our God whom no man hath seen at any time, but who reveals Himself in the matchless life of Jesus Christ."

Our visitors have included not only students from colleges, but Sunday school classes and Women's Missionary Societies from many neigh- boring towns. Objects from-the exhibit are ANCESTRAL TABLETS AND INCENSE-HOLDERS loaned to the students and to· missionaries resi- FROM CHINA dent in Princeton, for use in object-talks in Sun- the law that hang on the doors of Jewish homes; day schools and churches. A missionary from a ram's horn used in the temple on feast days; China on furlough writes: "I went into the Mulittle huts for the festival of Palms or Succoth, seum to see what I could find that would help me candlesticks and similar articles. to make Christ and His message more real to the Chinese. Almost immediately I espied a small Manuscripts of sacred books are also found in cabinet which contained articles illustrating Judaour museum. Some of them in Pali on palm leaves, others on vellum. There is a polyglot Koran printed in India in four languages, and portions of the Koran written on the shoulder- blades of camels from Arabia! Photographs of pulpits, temples and mosques, diagrams of the chief cosmologies of ancient and present-day re- ligions are found in the history of religion section.

The division on the history of missions will, we hope, soon have large ancient and modern maps, showing the expansion of the Christian faith, chronological and statistical diagrams re- cording the growth of Christianity and early copies of the Bible in various languages. Through the kindness of alumni in China we already have rubbings of the famous Nestorian monument in Western China and a number of rare Chinese scrolls both Confucian and Buddhist. In the col- lection which illustrates Islam in China, we have a complete set of Chinese-Moslem publications, and of the posters used in their mosques.

We have also a fairly complete collection of com- THE DURRAH OR WHIP USED IN MOSQUES OF CENTRAL munistic propaganda material. In spite of all that CHINA TO CHASTIZE THOSE WHO ARE NEGLIGENT IN has filtered through from Russia, regarding the PRAYER. THE CAPS ARE FROM PERSIA AND ARE anti-religious activities of the Soviet, one is WORN AT PRAYER TIME IN THE MOSQUES .oF PERSIA shocked at the display of these crude and blasphe- ism. On top of the cabinet was a book entitled mous posters of atheistic Bolshevism. Cartoons "Jewish Ceremonials and Institutions." I glanced that depict God being dumped out of a wheelbar- through it, and saw that it was a book that would row, head first, and that show Christ as the first be of help to me in explaining to the Chinese the bootlegger at the Last Supper. The bitterness of Hebrew feasts and ceremonials, as they are prac- this anti-religious movement and its revolutionary ticed by the orthodox Jews today. Inside the cab-

inet I saw, among many curious objects, a tiny truths in the History of Religion that can be more metal case, which contains a small roll of parch- vividly presented in such a way than by lectures ment, upon which is written in Hebrew, Deut. and textbooks. The knowledge of other religions 6: 4-9, and 11: 8-9. This 'Mezuzah' is nailed to undoubtedly is valuable to the missionary who is the door-post of every loyal Jew's house. Then anxious to find points of contact between himself right alongside a small scroll containing in He- and the heathen world, valuable for comparative brew, 'the Table of the Law,' and near by a card- purposes, to show wherein Christianity excels all board model of a Jewish booth (Succoth), illus- other religions, valuable also as showing that trating the booths in which the Children of Israel these religions were providential anticipations of dwelt during the Feast of Tabernacles. All these a wider and more important truth; but most of all, valuable because it creates a spirit of sym- pathy and "compassion for the ignorant and those that are out of the way." As Kipling says: o ye who tread the Narrow Way By Tophet flare to Judgment Day Be gentle when the heathen pray To Buddha at Kamakura.

WOODEN IDOLS FROM THE CAMEROUNS. WEST AFRICA. Some of the non-Christian religions are dy- ONE IS A CURIOUS TWIN-GOD ing or disintegrating. Invaluable material I plan to secure when I go to New York City in will soon become rare. The same is true rethe near future, and I shall take them with me to garding the material illustrative of the early China to show to our Chinese Christian leaders history of the missionary enterprise and the and the students in the Men's and Women's Bible Schools." work of the pioneers. As one of the secre- taries of the American Board wrote: "I am We need such a museum at Princeton to rightly glad you are thinking of building up a museum understand and interpret the groping after God at Princeton, as it is becoming increasingly and the hunger for communion with Him in the difficult to secure the right kind of material non-Christian world. Eye-gate has too often been particularly when it comes to collecting the neglected in missionary education, while ear-gate idols of the polytheistic religions." only has been besieged. There are facts and Can you spare anything for our Museum to illustrate the spread of the non-Christian re- lig.ions? The idea of God as shown by idols, symbols, fetishes; illustrative material on prayer and worship; mottoes used in temples or mosques; amulets, or prayer wheels; pho- tographs of great religious leaders, of saints' tombs; samples of the sacred books in the original text; or something to illustrate the burial customs and the belief in a future life and resurrection among primitive tribes-all this would be gratefully received. In regard to the History of Missions, maps, photographs of the pioneers in the field, large photographs of hospitals and institutions of edu- cation would be specially welcome. Also samples of the tracts and books that have been found most useful, and Bible pictures with a special artistic value. We would also like photographs of con- verts or groups of converts and diagrams show- ing the growth of the Christian Church.

"The whole country seems to be stirred, and people are coming to the services from dis- tances of from seven to ten miles from the mission station. The churches are full, and the people who cannot get inside throng around the windows and doors, listening to the mes- sage of salvation by the preacher. There seems to be a real awakening."-Report from Angola, Africa.

MAN, "BILL" HENDERSON, DEEDED HIS FARM TO THE CHURCH, IN ORDER

THE YOUNG PEOPLE OF THE MOUNTAINS MIGHT "HAVE A CHANCE"

The "Forgotten Man" of the Mountains By REV. M. A. DAWBER, B.M.

Superintendent of Rural Work, Methodist Episcopal Church W E HAVE heard much of late of the "for- some seven million people are living today in gotten man," but nobody seems to know America under the conditions of illiteracy, under- just specifically who he is. He would seem nourishment and ill-health and economic poverty to be the man who has been left unprovided for such as is characteristic of mountain people.

in the Government's last relief program. There To such people the Christian Churches have is, however, a "forgotten man" to be found in the been ministering for the last sixteen years in mountains of Tennessee, Kentucky, North and mountain missions. Wherever we have gone there South Carolina. He has been overlooked by Gov- has been real achievement, and in the places where ernment, both national and state. To the Chris- work has been established over a period of time tian Church belongs the credit for any progress life has been greatly changed and the community and development that he has made. The first sur- transformed.

vey of these mountain people ever made by the Moonshine in the Mountains Government was recently completed. Even this did not initiate with the Government but was The greatest injury done to the mountain peo- prompted by the Mountain Workers' Conference, pIe comes from those who do not know them or a body of Christian workers of several denomina- understand them and who have no real sympathy tions engaged in missionary work among moun- for them. They have spread erroneous ideas of tain people. This survey reveals the fact that the prevalence of feuds, moonshine, etc., that do [177 ]

not reflect the general standards and ideals of Again the mountaineer does not see the differmountain people. It is true that these Southern ence between making bread and making whiskey Mountains are the land of feuds, of hatred and out of his own corn. Until recent years corn vengeance, but it is also true that it is a land of whiskey was about the only thing that the mounlove and neighbors, of families and homes that are taineer could conveniently haul out of the mounas loyal to each other and the nation as any other tains and sell for cash with which to pay his people in America. Illiteracy, feuds and moon- taxes. Bad roads, and the lack of crops that were shine are vanishing much more rapidly than the marketable restricted him to a commodity like stories about them. The trouble is that it takes moonshine. However, during recent years, and so long to live down the conception of a people since the passing of prohibition, the business has that, while true yesterday, is not true today. increased rapidly, but this has been due to the influx of bootleggers from the cities who imme- One question often asked is, "Why do the moun- diately discovered the mountains as a safe refuge tain people make moonshine?" We might ask an- for the manufacture and storage of their product. other question, "Why did our grandparents make Again, we call attention to the fact that so far as it and use it so generally?" Let us remember that the oncoming generation of mountain youth is many of these mountain people are still at the concerned they will have nothing to do with it. stage of development where our grandparents left Not a boy nor girl who has gone through our off. There is, however, another answer to the mountain mission schools has been known to be question: Mountain people do not make it. A few engaged in this illicit business. Given a few more of them do, but it is as unfair to stigmatize the years and moonshine will be a thing of the past. whole mountain people with this charge as it is to say that Americans are all bootleggers. We might Illiteracy Feuds and Poverty go even further and say that granting the moonshiner exists, he does not begin to be the moral The conditions that have been cited as responmenace and the lawbreaker that the burglar and sible for moonshine are also factors that account the bootlegger are in other parts of the country. for illiteracy. We must keep in mind that before Usually he is a kind, honest neighbor and, in his these people migrated to these isolated mountain local community, a worthy citizen. His crimes sections they were intelligent and well schooled. are committed against the outsider who interferes There is a natural intelligence that obtains today and with"ihe far-away Government at Washing- in spite of the absence of modern education. They ton. These he considers have no right prying into were much better educated than the average of his private affairs, and when engaged in doing so their day. Beveridge in his volume on John Marare apt to receive dangerous treatment at his shall tells us that, "In Virginia in 1755 that more hands. than forty per cent of the men who made deeds or served on juries could not sign their names, al- A story is told of a certain northerner who de- though they were of the land-owning and better sired to see a mountain still, so he requested a educated classes." The ancestors of the mounmountain boy to lead him to a secluded place in taineer were an intelligent, sturdy and courageous the mountains to see one. The reward for this people, Scotch and Scotch-Irish, they brought service was to be two dollars. They had walked with them the sterling convictions and character a few hundred yards on the way when the boy re- of their generation that was rooted in the more quested payment in advance. The man said no, than average education of their day. But once but that he would pay when they got back. "No," settled in the more isolated mountains of this replied the boy, "I want it now, for you ain't country they found it impossible to provide the a-coming back." This illustrates the attitude that educational facilities that they and their forethe mountaineer has to those who are inclined to fathers had enjoyed. interfere in his affairs. The home mission boards have worked hard There are yet other considerations that must be over this problem, and again we say, give us a few understood if we are to deal fairly with this ques- years longer and illiteracy will be no more. There tion. In the mountains there are almost no doc- are still a few mountain judges who cannot read tors, no drug stores, no place to which the moun- nor write, so I am told. I heard of one recently taineer can go for medicinal supplies, even could who did not want to appear illiterate so he always he afford them. As one mountaineer put it: carried a Sears and Roebuck catalog around with him when he held court. One day he had before "Let ary a thing go wrong with the family, him a man charged with some offence and after fever, or snake-bite, or something, and we can't all the evidence had been presented the old judge git a doctor up hyar less'n three days or a week; turned over the Sears and Roebuck catalog and and then it cost scand'lous. The only medicines then remarked, "You will be fined three dollars we-uns has is yerbs, which cain't be drunk without a leetle grain wriskey."

THE "FORGOTTEN MAN" OF THE MOUNTAINS

and seventy-five cents." The man began to pro- it should be included in the general program for test, but his neighbor, who was with him said, rural progress. While in the more favored sec- "Shut up, Jake, and thank goodness he was look- tions it is a·question of more successful producing at pants and not pianos." Such stories will tion to capture the market, in the mountains it is not apply to the oncoming generation of mountain a matter of more successful production to feed people. themselves. The main economic problems of the mountains involve.better agriculture and better The fact is that a mountaineer does not know transportation. A subsistence program of agrithe feud as we understand it. They speak of it as culture and industry is in process of development. "the trouble" or "the war," but never "the feud." The mountains are, in all probability, ahead of Ordinarily they are as peace loving and kind and other sections in such a program. It is no longer gentle as anyone-just as ready to render a kind- possible to point the young people to something ness for a good deed done as to return evil for evil. outside the mountains as the economic hope and Mountain people's likes and dislikes run strong. solution to their poverty. The cities and rural A deep emotional spirit dominates all their ac- sections elsewhere are no better off, if as well off, tions. Add to this the problems that arise from in this respect. The average mountain family can intermarriage, boundary lines, and the insular life be helped to raise its own living, to supply their that is inevitable, and it is easy to understand why own needs, and with a very small money income trouble between families becomes intense. The they are comparatively independent. Much of the conditions of isolation are the greatest factor in land needs to be revitalized with suitable crop rothe feud problem. Mountain people have always tations to build up the soil and to hold it on the settled their own problems in their own way. The steep mountain sides during the winter rain absence of surveyors to establish the exact bound- washes. In too many instances it has been planted ary lines between neighbors gave rise to all kinds year after year for the same crop-corn. Some of disputes that had to be settled locally. The time ago in one of the cabins, where I had counted distance to the nearest lawyer was also a problem. thirteen children, as I was about to leave I looked "Why bother with those outsiders; let's settle it up at the barren hillsides and asked my mountain ourselves." This isolation has made it more con- host what he raised there. "Why," said he, in his venient to settle their own misunderstandings and characteristic mountain drawl, "we raise corn, an grievances in their own way and has led to much pork, an childer, but I allow its mostly childer." of the hatred and bloodshed; it has also made it This, of course, sets forth in homey fashion the difficult for them to follow the pathway of the law economic problem of the mountains. There are and order. other economic problems, a hundred of them, but they will root in the simple statement of this But this again is, for the most part, in the yes- mountain man. terdays. On a recent visit to Henderson Settle-. ment, Mr. Frakes, the Methodist Superintendent, The Christian Church is facing this task as well called my attention to four children playing to- as moral and spiritual needs. We have assisted gether. They were the orphan children of two in many ways in the development of a type of men who took each other by the left hand and shot agriculture that will make fot the highest possible it out by the right hand. Such a method of set- production on mountain soil. Poverty, ignorance, tling a dispute will have no place in the thinking moonshine, disease and strife are gradually being of these children. They have been taught the eliminated in the program that is being fostered better way of -love. by home missions work. This, of course, is only laying material foundations upon which to build a The major mountain problem here as elsewhere more satisfying spiritual life. is economic. It is a rural problem and, as such, Then, Let Us Pray ~.

The day was long, the burden I had borne We cannot tell how often as we pray Seemed heavier than I could longer bear; For some bewildered one, hurt and distressed, And then it lifted-but I did not know The answer comes, but many times these hearts Some one had knelt in prayer. Find sudden peace and rest.

Had taken me to God that very hour, Some one had prayed, and faith, a lifted hand And asked the easing of the load, and He Reached up to God, and He reached down that day, In infinite compassion, had stooped down So many, many hearts have need of prayer- And lifted the burden from me. Then, let us, let us pray. -Author Unknown.

of Indian Hearts and Hearths*

By ELISABETH W. CONKLIN, Chittoor, Madras, Pres.

Missionary of the American Arcot Mission I N INDIA I do not feel so far away from Amer- "You have not given us an opportunity to take ica, when almost every day, as I drive down all that are on the plate," I said, smilingly, and the long, dusty street in Chittoor, a very dear added, "but we are thrilled to have you honor us Indian friend delights to talk of her brother in with this silver service."

"Puff-keepsie." Dressed in her graceful costume, Several times, in other Indian homes I had speaking for the great throng of Indian women, blistered my lips because I have not yet 'learned she might greet you with the words of another how to drink hot coffee without touching my lips Indian girl who said, to a world audience on the to the cup. Gladly I had suffered, thinking that air: I was appreciating the extreme courtesy extended.

You stay at home; but is it anywhere With exquisite tact, my hostess protested: Written or said, "You do not share?" "Ah, but this silver protects our orthodox neigh- bors from us."

You stay at home; but right in your own home By the;'se of a different pronoun "our" than You reinforce us, though you never come. for "us," she subtly included herself with our out- You stay at home; but if you only knew caste selves! Those of us who knew that she was How we across the sea rely on you! an "unmarried widow," caught a glimpse of the You do come over, if your hearts are there. ache in that starved mother-heart, because she had And thus, more than you know, you do share. no husband, home or child of her own. Though she is not numbered among the Christians in Mis- One of my most precious friendships in Chittoor sion reports, she is a beloved auntie to her eight began on this wise. Just as we were sitting down nieces in that home which is being transformed by to tea, I was called into the drawing-room to greet her own Christ-illumined life. a lovely, glossy-haired, lustrous-eyed Indian lady, One day we were returning along a deserted, whose graceful palms were touching in the less- 'dusty road, in the heavy, hot sunlight of midday. common greeting between equals. I offered her We were disheartened and despondent at the desa plate full of freshly baked sponge cakes. She perately impoverished condition of our Christian deftly fingered the folds of her heavy silk saree, villages, because of the failure of the rains. India as her understanding eyes searched mine. Slip- truly is "The Land that Looks Up to the Sky." ping all the cakes into an improvised pouch in The burning sunlight is our chief protection from one end of her saree, she answered with unerring disease, but the rain is the source of food as well as drink. Are we better Christians because we directness my clumsily concealed surprise. "You do not yet know our customs," she ex- are always hungry? Here again, the difference in plained in utter naturalness. "If you had come to the pronoun "we," as I can use it, being one of us. my house and I had offered you cakes, I should In many, many Christian homes, "the mother, starved for her brood," with her two hands dips have expected you to take them all, as I have. out, from the pitifully-scant allowance of daily Should you take only one, we would throw the rest "bird-seed" for her family, the "Lord's portion," away, for none of us would touch any of those to be set aside each day. On Sunday, before the remaining after you had touched the plate. I rude altar of the tiny, mud-walled school-church, thought you also would not care to eat any after each woman, Jrom one corner of her cloth empties I had touched the plate." the week's portions on the cloth spread to receive A few days later, accepting her invitation to tea, we were charmingly welcomed into her it. Are we ready to observe even one Golden Rule brother's semi-European home. She served us in- Diet-day a week, so that we may set aside our dividual portions on silver plates and in silver "Lord's Portion"? Do we give our car one day's rest in seven, or deny ourselves a "wave-set" cups. (masculine or feminine, radio or hair) for His • An address prepared for the Florida Chain of Missionary Assem- Treasury? blies, 1934 (not given as here printed). • [180 ] As we travel along the dusty road, thus musing is not safe for her to be in our house when I am and praying, we catch up with a cart, which looks not there." Weeks pass and I visit the ward in like a tiny loaf-of-bread-on-two-wheels, rocking to the Government hospital where the wife is waitthe gait of its diminutive bullock. Robin has ing with bandaged eyes. Her two youngest chiladroitly steered his drowsy nose from intruding dren are playing contentedly. From bed to bed, behind the swaying curtain at the crust-end of the the mother feels her way, while eager hands of loaf, when a furtive eye compasses the deserted caste women reach out to draw her nearer. Each landscape, and two excited ankles with tinkling one is eager to sing the special lyric that she has anklets slip down on the dusty road. The owner learned, or to tell the story and recite the verses brings to our carriage-wheels a wistful face in about Christ which are particularly appealing to which sadness and gladness are appealingly her individual need. When I ask about the strict mingled, and says: religious neutrality observed in Government hos- pitals, the Medical Officer, who is himself not a "My husband has been transferred to Coimba- Christian, asks me to let her stay as long as postore. I hate to leave, but please tell me the names sible. He says: "Our whole hospital is feeling the of the missionaries there. My family want you cheer of her brave spirit. Patients we had deto come to their house just the same, and have spaired of are recovering." How I wish she might Sunday-school as you always do. I think they will find permanent employment there! Her overwant you to come into the house afterwards, too, harassed husband has found too overwhelming the as you have done when I was there." prospect of a sightless wife, who can no longer eke out the family income with teaching in the village Then she slips into my hand a paper with her school. He has found another way of escape. new address, while I am trying to think of the Deserted, she must seek the protection of our Misname of the British missionaries stationed in her sion hospital, where her children too will be taken new home. Without waiting for my slothful wits care of. to function, she turns away and, in a cloud of dust stirred up by the heavy folds of her saree swirling "Who is the untouchable? Is it the caste or the about her ankles, she clambers back behind that out-caste ?" Such a query has never once occurred swaying curtain. When I reach in behind the curtain to slip my bit of paper into her hands, both to me in India. Does it throw a new light on the our hearts feel the tight clutch of our hands in hurried farewell. difference in attitude between East and West? In Our High School girls and the Bible-woman will America we who stand aloof are the untouchables, be thrilled to know that they may still go every Sunday afternoon to this house where gather a but in India the untouchable is the one who is crowd of children and older folk to learn to sing with us the beautiful Christian lyrics, and to hear kept at a distance. Here, there are untouchables the stories of a new Friend and Redeemer whom in every class of society; there, one class is unthey are beginning to love. Best of all, we may still be invited to come into the sacred family circle touchable. In Christ's eyes both are individuals, and there talk and sing and pray to Him who searcheth and knoweth all our hearts. Here is a needing Him, their Saviour. Both need salvation. "not-yet~Christian" hearth where the family are learning to love Christ because one loyal nine-' Hinduism teaches two forms of redemption; that year-old heart, when she had to leave the Mission School for Hindu Girls to become the youngest 'of the kitten saved by its mother, with no effort sister-in-law and daughter-in-law in a new family circle, did not forget what she had learned. of its own; and that of the baby monkey which must itself run to its parent, and, clutching fast, On our spacious verandah are gathered the wives be carried beyond danger where it can of itself go. of the pastor teachers from the Christian villages Christ gives us the two pictures: one of the Seekin our district. We were holding our annual Bible ing Shepherd, going out to bring back the one examination for Christian women-teachers. At sheep, lost through its own ignorance or weakone of the desks, a woman's furtive hand tries to ness, or through another's neglect, as in the case brush aside the cloudiness from her straining eyes. of the lost coin; the other picture is of the Wait- An operation must determine whether there are ing Father, who goes out to meet the willful son cataracts or infection in one or both eyes. Tender- who has turned and is seeking his father's protecness and bewilderment are in the face of her hus- tion. To the Christian salvation comes through a band as we talk over the problem. "How can I Saviour. In India we are regarded as untouchand our children live without her? Even if I bring ables. In America, contrariwise, are we also unour daughter home from the boarding school, it touchables? Orthodox caste Hindus will walk knee-deep into the mire of a rice field, rather than pass me on the narrow path. Shall I, here, "pass by on the other side"?

"Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. Ye are my friends if ye do whatsoever I command you."

Government's New Indian

Proposed Revival of Tribalism, Seen from the Missionary Angle By G. E. E. LI~"'DQUIST, Lawrence, Kansas Missionary at Large, Society for Propagating the Gospel Among the Indians I MPORTANT changes in Government policy im- Any policy, therefore, which directly or by im- mediately affect the conditions for mission plication, constitutes a limitation of missionary co- work. This is doubly true of the American In- operation and tends to nullify the constructive dians, for the nature of the missionary's task efforts of the past, as well as having far-reaching places him in close contact with government offi- effects on the future, is a matter of deep concern cials and policies. Furthermore, the early mis- to those interested in the task of elevating and im- sionary was the harbinger of civilization to the proving the condition of the American Indians.

aboriginal Americans. He That such a limitation is in founded the first schools; he prospect is the conviction of was the first champion of In- There is some difference of missionary workers, both In-:- dian rights; during President opInion among American dian and white, if the recently G ran t' s administration he announced plans of Hon. John served as Indian agent. Until Government officials and mis- Collier, the present Commis- sionary workers as to the 1879 mission schools served all proposed new policy of re- sioner of Indian Affairs, are Indian youth and even today a turning American Indians to put into operation. number of church schools are special reservations and en- A careful student of Indian couraging old tribal customs. Affairs, who has given years of still flourishing. Both white and Indian Chris- tians are united in believing In Bulletin 280, issued by the that such a policy is mistaken unselfish service to every good Board of Indian Commission- and would hinder the progress cause among them, says: "Mr. ers, Dr. Samuel A. Eliot writes: of the American Indians in Collier's schemes for the re- vival of tribalism and the seg- The missions maintained on Indian reservations by the Protestant Christian character and in- regation of the Indians are cerand Catholic churches have long tellectual and spiritual de- tainly of a most reactionary been regarded as cooperating units sort and if they go through in with the Board and the Bureau of velopment. A recent Indian the form suggested we shall be Indian Affairs in the Federal Gov- Congress, held at Rapid City, wiping out most of the gains of ernment's effort to aid and qualify South Dakota, unanimously the last fifty years a~d begin- Indians to take their places as self- opposed some features of the supporting, independent men and Howard-Wheeler Bill, while ning all over again under more women in the general citizenry of the they favored others. difficult conditions than ever." nation. The Congress of the United States, the successive Secretaries of The underlying assumption the Interior and Commissioners of of the Collier proposal is that Indian Affairs, and the school and reservationsuperin- the "Indian's master problem is land." With this tendents have again and again testified by legislation, ex- as a starting point he has launched an intensive ecutive orders and official statements, to the value of the missionary work. The Federal officers have recognized the propaganda against the General Allotment Act of missionaries as influential members of the authorized per- 1887, also known as the Dawes Citizenship Act.

sonnel on the reservations. Most of the evils which have befallen the Indians Hon. Chas. J. Rhoads, former Commissioner of during the past fifty years are laid at the door of Indian Affairs, in a letter to the field staff, wrote: the allotment system even as the Eighteenth Amendment Was charged with all the woes follow- The aim of both Indian Service employees and church ing the adoption of prohibition. Those conversant workers is to fit the Indians to be self-sustaining, self-re- with Indian Affairs over a period of years realize specting American citizens. The Christian missionary waS active in this field of service long before the Government, grave errors in the working of the allotment sysand the missionary has an essential function in the cul- tem, although the original intent of the Act was tural development of the Indian. No effort should be humane and sought to individualize the Indian, despared to encourage effective cooperation and prevent mis- liver him from the idleness and debauchery of resunderstanding and friction.

[182 ] ervation life, and institute an educative process in Reports received from representative groups of the use of land as well as prepare him for full and Indians indicate clearly that the communization of free citizenship. land and property, as thus proposed, is imprac- ticable and will not be acceptable to the Indians Some of the more palpable weaknesses of the themselves. It has not worked to the equalization allotment system may be summed up as follows: of property even among the Pueblos, although It was premature and assumed a far greater de- these people are frequently cited as embodying gree of progress than the average Indian had model tribal set-ups. It has not worked in the made; the blanket character of the Act proved a most advanced type of civilization, certainly not failure as does any attempt to cover all sorts and for any extended period. conditions with the same blanket; the dissipation of heirship land whereby much land w~t out of There are small and scattered bands of landless Indian ownership, the decreasing number of those Indians, for instance in Nevada and California, holding individual allotments, the patent-in-fee who deserve consideration, but even these, accordfiasco of the war years, and the inauguration and ing to the,ir own testimony, do not want to join "a perpetuation of the leasing system with attendant back to the reservation movement." They desire evils are other factors quite generally known and to be grouped among the whites, and to receive conceded. The Commissioner says: land where they will cease to be considered iso- lated minorities. The younger Indians, those Now, since allotment stripped the Indian of land and "born too late" for allotment or whose heirship insince the Government made him a landless man, it must terests have been dissipated, should be given a restor.e him to the land. We want to get new lands for chance to engage in agricultural pursuits. But Indians who have lost their lands or whose lands are in- why should the Government spend millions buying sufficient. (Commissioner's Circular Letter of Jan. 25, back semi-desert or sub-marginal land for them on 1934.) the reservations? There are good farms available off the reservations, where individual ownership Briefly stated, the Indians now holding indi- could be fostered and home life could be stabilized. vidual allotments will be asked to relinquish these It has been truly said that "wherever agriculture in favor of communization of land and property; has been developed on a home-owning, family furthermore, the Government is to buy additional basis, we find the most satisfying rural life"; and, land on the reservations now held by outsiders, one may add, we have there the basis for promotmostly whites, and reassign same to the landless ing self-support and self-respect. Indians. There might be no objection to this proposal, were it not that, intimately related to this Those interested in missionary work among the ' procedure, is the plan for a revival of tribalism, Indians feel that while the possession of land is variously termed "self-government," "tribal in- important it is by no means "the Indian's master corporation," "community incorporation," etc. problem." Land itself is only potential wealth; (Circular Letter of Commissioner of January 20, the meTe fact of possession will not feed or clothe 1934, No. 30426, addressed to Indians.) anyone. The Indian must use his lands if he would appreciate their worth. As one earnest It is not to be wonde.red at that the Indians worker has said, "He must keep his hands out of themselves feel that they are to be subjected to missionary barrels and his name off of ration rolls another experiment of doubtful value, and one if he would maintain his self-respect." Unless which may be launched during one administration there is stimulated from within a desire to be and and abolished the next. They have been the butt to do, all the land with its wealth of untapped reof sundry and varied experiments in the past. sources, will avail the Indian but little. "Too While the more conservative prefer to adopt a often we strive," as one worker has put it, "to con- "wait and see policy," the more progressive ones serve the Indian's property at the expense of his do not hesitate to condemn the whole scheme as manhood, his ambition, his finer values. He will "reaction under the guise of advance." Others develop respom;ibility only by having responsibilwill not entertain the idea of communization of ity to bear." land and property even for discussion. The chairman of a business committee on one of the larger But the feature of the Government proposals reservations states that while the allotment sys- that causes the deepest concern to missionary tem has its evils, he feels that the new proposals workers, and that is apt to have the most baneful would cause even more trouble. A representative effect on the future of the Indian, is the revival of of a western tribe says: "I have no land or prop- tribalism and the segregation and isolation inerty. [He belongs to one of the landless bands in volved in "the back to the reservation" movement. the far west who, because, they were not "war Many feel also that the encouragement of the makers," received no allotments.] I have been dance ceremonials in Commissioner's order of Jantrying to get a garden spot for two years, but if I uary 3, 1934 (Circular No. 2970), regarding "Inhad an allotment I would not give it up to share dian religious freedom and culture," is one of the with others-and I do not expect anyone else to first steps in the attempt to revive "the cult of the give up theirs to share with me. What we want is land of our own if only a few acres."

primitive." This order directs the superintend- says: "There are two ways out of this matter, the ents to inform the Indians "that native religious way back and the way straight ahead. But is the life and Indian culture" is not to be frowned upon way back ever the way out? The way back is a by Government representatives; and, that "no in- way beset with failures, wickedness and graft. terference with Indian religious life or ceremonial We have made some advances, but we need enexpression will hereafter be tolerated." couragement that we may go still farther. If ever the Indian needed the guidance of the Great Gov- Without discussing the merits of the old Indian ernment of Heaven it is now. We need in the very religions and cultures, it should be said in all fair- heart of our councils a friend to the Indians that ness that Christian missionaries, while seeking to will advise us right." God grant that the Indian avoid "the pitfall of antiquarianism," have sought standing today in the valley of decision shall not to preserve the best of the past, and to fill it with fail of wise and faithful friends to aid him in this new meaning. They have put primitive languages his hour of need! into writing, and have filled old words with new meanings; they have translated the Christian Statement Unanimously Adopted by Mission- Scriptures into many tongues, and have encour- aries, Both Catholic and Protestant, at Plains Inaged bi-lingual expression. In general, they have dian Congress Held at Rapid City, South Dakota, aided ethnologists and other conservators in estab- March 2 to 5, with Special Reference to H R 2902 lishing friendly contacts with the Indians. At the and S 2755.

same time they have not hesitated to assert that We are in favor of: "the Indian must be saved by a process of Christian assimilation to American life, not by a care- 1. The encouragement of spiritual values. fully guarded and subsidized segregation." 2. The Indian making his contribution to the life of com- munity and nation. Anything which emphasizes differences and 3. The Indian sharing in the responsibilities and the that makes for separation and race discrimination privileges of government and citizenship. militates also against the Christian tenet of "a 4. "No special advantages, no special disadvantages" for fair chance for every man in every good thing." the Indian. In his daily contacts with the Indian the mission- 5. The following features of the Howard-Wheeler bill: ary ceases to think of the Indian as "being different." Rather does he consider his essential hu- A. The educational provisions, especially the manity and that the Church of Christ owes him training of Indian young people for positions in more because he is a human being than because he the Indian service. is an Indian. B. The providing of land for young Indians But what of the future? Will the revival of who are looking forward to the establishment of tribalism and segregation be the way out? Let homes and were born too late to acquire land two Indians of widely differing backgrounds and rights. training reply. Dr. Arthur C. Parker, Seneca, director of the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sci- C. The effort to untangle the problems in con- nection with heirship lands.

D. Increasing self-government in those dis- tinctly Indian interests in which the Indians share exclusively as members of an Indian tribe or group.

ences, says: We are opposed to the following: While the continuation of tribal government, with all its 1. It perpetrates segregation. In more progressive comconnotation, may seem from the sentimental standpoint, munities where the Indians share in the general social and just and liberal, it brings with it also a certain segregation economic life of the community, it means even going back from the normal stream of civic life…. This might pos- to segregation. Tribalism means exemptions, and exempsibly be justified if their (the Indians) ultimate objective, tions lead to race prejudice. projected a century hence, was a continued separateness in outlook and manner of living. However, since all the In- 2. It perpetrates freedom from taxation instead of lookdians of the United States must secure a livelihood in a ing forward to the time when the Indian contributes his manner similar to that of the rest of the population, and proportionate share to the cost of government. since their economic contacts will all be with citizens of the various states, it would seem that the better part of 3. The Indian Court also promotes segregation. The wisdom is to have these Indians prepare in a most effective Court may mean prompter justice, but it perpetrates the way for economic competence. There is always prejudice present intolerable situation where Indians escape punishagainst those with special privileges and exemptions and ment of crimes because they do not come under the jurisagainst those who are fostered by paternalism … I can diction of state laws and only very few Indian crimes are see nothing but a backward move and disaster in the re- punishable under Federal Statute. actionary project, though if supported and protected for a while, it will be a spectacular thing that will have great 4. While seemingly granting the Indian new liberties, advertising value. Any move that tends to place our first we are of the optnion that the bill means a great increase Americans in segregated areas like the bear, buffalo and in supervision and delay in action on the part of the Secelk of our national parks, tends to create a zoological gar- retary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Afden rather than 'serve the purposes of free citizenship. fairs.

Ernest Hunt, Kiowa, of western Oklahoma, in 5. The conviction back of the bill that the land allotment addressing his people through his home paper, system is at the bottom of the Indian's poverty. Posses- sion of land as such does not mean salvation for any people.

6. The implication that physical values are supreme and spiritual values are non-existent.

Testim9ny of Mr

An Experience in the Village of the Northern Peace Creek I L ;Letter from the REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, -ef Peiping, China rJE-'·- Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – _.._ – – – – – – – – – – W ITH a few Chinese friends, one an evan- guage. After the meeting had been opened Mr. gelist and others volunteer church work- Wang gave a short testimony. He bowed deep to ers, I stood in front of the Temple of the the women and, facing the men, he began: Whispering Pond at the Village of the Northern Peace Creek, far outside of Peiping. A young "Honorable elders and gentlemen of the village please sit a while. I am greatly putting you to priest, keeper of the temple gods, stood next to trouble but do listen to this humble one's unworthy me. His father had given him to the service of chatter; if only for the time it takes to eat a bowl the "Guardian God in the Clouds" so as to redeem of rice. Surely I am but a tiresome talker but not an untold sin. An old officiating monk, keeper of for silver or rice did I come here. I have a mes- the accounts and receiver of the sage that will make your heart temple guests, stood a little aside. joyous unto heaven and glad unto The skies were clear and the wind the earth. I have something betgushed cold, but all of us were in ter for you than silver skin fish Chinese garb, wrapped from head to eat and yellow tea to drink.

to feet in wadded cotton. We "My humble surname is Wang sang choruses, preached and ex- and my name Tsao Kung but I am plained Bible picture posters and called the Iron Arrow. On the took with us a string of followers Mongolian pl~ins I used to trade.

for a meeting at the little Gospel Silver and rice came to my home hall built by a Chinese Christian in abundance, but I was a free lady. spending spirit. For twenty years Groups of boys came in, and I smoked opium, gambled, drank some small girls toddled in on tiny and worshiped the king of the bound feet. The village of the devils. I also induced my wife to Northern Peace Creek is true to smoke opium. That devil called old customs and since most of the opium ate away the food of my girls are engaged in marriage home as the wolves on the plains bonds from early childhood, the wishes of the fu- eat the dead bodies of the Mongolians. It stuck ture mother-in-law have to be reckoned with be- to my soul like paint to wood and in vain I tried fore such a new and radical custom as "large men to clean myself. I became like a skeleton and my feet" for girls can be put into practice. heart ate great bitterness. The richness of my On the large brick kang or bed built on two home disappeared, also the brightness of my chil- sides of the little hall a place was left for the wom- dren's faces. I was like one altogether ignorant en, who came in groups chattering aloud to hide of the difference between good and evil. I speak self-consciousness. There were young women true-hearted. with red trousers or red jackets left from wedding "One day my daughter had the good fortune to trousseaux. Many had a suckling baby thrust meet this honorable Western man's lady, and truly within her outer garments and stood through the great blessings came to my home. Through her service, as long as her mother-in-law was present. influence my daughter came to believe in the one It took a great deal of effort to bow the men to living God; she was moved by the Spirit as a leaf the various seats of honor. They were solemn and on the tree echoes the wind. Day and night she sincere in accepting the flowery courtesy of the prayed aloud for me till at last I went with her to evangelist and they felt obliged to express their the Christian church. There I listened for the <;urprise over my ability to speak the Chinese lan- first time to the Gospel of Salvation and I became [185 ]

like a fish hooked in the jaw. Heaven struck me; Northern Peace Creek, you are men and not trees, my heart became empty and all the great bitter- your brains can understand and your hearts can ness of these twenty years stirred up within me. feel. Throwaway your idols made with the hands God examined my heart and as a man in despair of men; stop wandering and seek to find the peace I knelt in the church at the feet of the Eternal I have in my heart." Living One. The Lord made sacrifice for me and redeemed my soul with the blood of His Son The meeting went on for hours. Unasked, one Jesus Christ. testimony followed another. The eyes of men and women were bright with interest. Hardly any "I returned home a new man and never since one noticed that dogs came running in, that a that time have I touched opium, wine or gambling black pig was driven out, that chickens squawked dice. My wife, amazed at my inner strength, be- away from feet suddenly stretched out. Quescame a believer too, and also her desire for opium tions were asked, and interest was shown in a new was taken away by faith in Christ. One day in open way. The Gospel was brought and the mesthe courtyard together we burned before our in- sage accepted. When the skies turned to evening vited relatives our paper kitchen god, the mud gray a Bible class was formed, an hour for Sungod of business, and all our wooden house gods, day worship agreed upon, and a little school for with all the incense and altar candles we had. illiterate men and women started. There we dedicated our lives to the One Living God, both of us to do volunteer church service and Slowly I turned to the Chinese home where I our daughter to study to be an evangelist. Won- would spend the night. The darkness came swiftly derful peace and marvelous joy have since been but the moon rose gloriously, and by the light of ours. a candle I write this letter to ask you to pray with me that the Kingdom of Heaven may come to the "You elders and inhabitants of the village of the village of the Northern Peace Creek.

Baby Clinics in West Africa* By ROSE MAIER RYTER, R. N., Elat, Cameroun Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

EDIMA a 80-0-0! Edima a 80-0-0 ("Edima has own developed by months of administering castor come! Edima has come!"). oil to unwilling babies. Resistance is of no avail ! Out of every house in the compound the children come running and shouting to announce That task accomplished, our little meeting beour arrival, while frantic mothers try to keep them gins. We start with prayer and then follow with from getting too close to the wheels of the car. a lecture on such subjects as: "Bathing the As we climb out with our equipment, little hands Baby," "Feeding the Baby Its First Real Food," are stretched out to us while the mothers say, "Itch and How to Cure It," "Whooping Cough," "Bata'ane" (shake hands). Some mothers and "Intestinal Parasites and How Acquired," "Mababies have come from near-by towns, others from laria, What It Is and How Does One Get It," etc. as far as ten or twelve miles away. At each clinic we try to chase' away the old super- stitions and beliefs by telling them the real cause Baby clinics! A vision of a neat room, long of a disease. white tables, baby scales, starchy uniformed nurses, white gowned doctors and neat rows of The lecture over, Eko, Engele, the medical boy medicines, appears before one's eyes. Our African and I retire to the session room where our mediclinic can boast of none of these. We meet in the cines, ulcer dressings and microscope are spread thatch roofed church. On the right is a sad row out on the rough plank benches. The examining of poor little tots who must have worm medicine. table is usually my lap and there is no need for a Their faces are not happy because they know nurse to undress these children to prepare them what is before them. As Eko, our clinic nurse, for an examination! It pleases the mother to have appears with the awful tasting medicine the faces me hold her baby and examine its little body carebecome no happier. She has a technique all her fully; and when the lovely brown velvet body is without blemish, she is duly praised. Yet her • From The Drum Call, Elat. West Africa. pride in that baby cannot match the gratefulness

BABY CLINICS IN WEST AFRICA

of the mother who several months ago brought in said it was because I was unfaithful to my hus- a thin weakly baby full of sores and now puts a band; others said it was an evil spirit that spoiled scarred but happy, husky little one into my lap to my milk or drank it. They would take me to a be examined. stream. In it I would have to sit with a woman "And how are your babies today, Amummba?" on each side of me holding a live chicken over my "They are just fine; haven't been sick since we head. Then they pulled the chicken apart, and were here last. Mariam passed a hundred worms the warm blood would fall on my head and my (the amount of worms is usually spoken of with breasts. What fell into the water they would dip pride instead of shame) with her worm medicine up and make me drink. Oh, it was awful! None and now she eats and sleeps well again." of that kept my babies from dying. Since coming "You still have quinine then?" I ask. to these clinics I know it must have been malaria "Yes, I won't need any today." that made them sick. Look how well and strong The next mother may have a different story. these two are now!"

"How is Belinga? He looks a little peaked." Mezene was up next, "I lost two babies just be- "Oh, he is better now, but he was so sick last cause we didn't know. They had convulsions- week; fever like fire and vomiting, but when I so everybody said I must have seen an animal die gave him the castor oil and quinine the way you in a trap. You know how they quiver just before told us to, he soon got well. How I thank you for they die? We would take the baby to an ekuk letting me have the quinine and castor oil to keep tree and hold it over a fire that we would build at in my house." its base while the men would climb the tree and So each mother's children are seen and pre- cut the bark so that the sap would run on the scribed for according to their needs. baby while we rubbed it into its skin. Oh, all the At our last clinic we had a testimonial meeting. foolish things we used to do. Now all we need to "What good have you derived from the clinic?" do is to give the babies quinine when they are Bilo'o stood up immediately and exclaimed: sick."

"Edima, if we started to talk that now, five Story after story was told to show how syphili- o'clock would still find us talking!" tic babies had been helped, how superstitious be- Ebutu rose with her lovely baby in her arms. liefs had been explained away-the agony of red "You haven't any idea of the trouble I have had," pepper solutions in ear and nose; the pouring of she said. "My babies died one right after another herb solutions into the nose of the baby until its and all the people said I had an evil spirit in me breathing was stopped and it died!

that wanted to kill me but I always made it kill Clinic is finished, and the mothers are wending my babies instead. Oh, all the herbs they made their way home in all directions. As we load the me drink and the mean things they did to me, and car some of the mothers give us their babies to how they talked! That is why I brought this baby take with us to make their long journey a little to the clinic. She is hardly ever sick now. When easier, and we deliver the babies along the road she does get sick like my others, I just give her to waiting brothers or sisters.

quinine and she gets well. When she was sick that Tired, yes, dead tired and yet what a warm first time and I came to the hospital, all the women feeling around my heart as we start back to in the town were saying, "See, Ebutu's evil spirit Foulassi. What greater reward would one want is going to kill this baby now! When I brought than the thrill that goes through me as these it back they couldn't believe their eyes." women pray, "God, we thank Thee for putting it Nyagon rose, before Ebutu was finished, and into the heart of Edima to help us and to teach us said: how to care for our children whom Thou hast "Edima, my babies always died too. They all given us."

said my milk was bad because my babies always Musing over the day's work, I too, thank God vomited, had fever, would get thin and die. Some for putting it into my heart to do this.

For the mighty temptation of this age, which appears in every shape possible, is that we no longer appreciate the intensity and exclusiveness of the demand which the Divine Word makes as such when looking at the force of other demands: so that in our anxiety in face of existing dangers we no longer put our whole trust in the authority of God's Word, but we think we ought to come to its aid with all sorts of contrivances, and we thus throw quite aside our confidence in the Word's power to triumph. That is to say, we think ourselves capable of facing, solving, and moulding definite problems better from some other source than that from and by means of God's Word. -Karl Barth, quoted in "The United Church Review."

Story of Bright Hope

By the REV. GEORGE H. WINN, Seoul, Korea Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

WE WERE still at the breakfast table when One day I felt that I must go to the church, but the doorbell rang. My friend proved to be it was not to beat the pastor. A different attitude Mr. Bright Hope Plum, who had just of mind had come upon me. I just desired to go graduated from Pierson Memorial Bible Institute -my feelings of hatred had disappeared and in- stead I wished to see and hear. Up to this time in Seoul.* Mr. Plum is a good looking fellow, I had never gone to church and I did not know what it meant to be a Christian. pleasing in manner. His people are well to do, and of the upp~r class. His early call made me "Without saying a word to my family, or my wonder if something untoward had happened. friends, because I was ashamed to let them know of my change of attitude, I slipped away and went With a few casual remarks, he announced the up the valley some ten li where the church is reason for his coming. He desired very much to located. Was it not very strange that they hapenter the Seminary in Pyeng Yang, and I told pened to be having a revival going on just at that him that I would see what I could do to get him in. time? I had not known about it and went in ignorance, not knowing why I went. During the conversation something of the circumstances of his life came up, and I encouraged "So I went in and sat down-a bit fearfully perhim to tell me more. In a very humble and even haps, and Mr. Gold, the pastor, got up and began reluctant manner he told me of his finding the to speak. He told the story of the Prodigal Son Lord. The story as drawn from him and put to- -that was what his sermon was about. I immegether is as follows: diately gave my ears to that story. How much like my life, I thought! Interested, I clung to "I was formerly very evil, spending my time in every word that was spoken-but even then I did bad ways, having what the world may call 'a good not comprehend what it all meant. Toward the time.' I drank, gambled and went into all the close of his talk, Pastor Gold said, 'We are all like excesses of youth. Moreover I despised and even this prodigal; we have all gone far from God, and hated Christianity, though I had no real reason it was for sins just like this that our Lord Jesus for so doing. Not far from our village there was died on the Cross. Our sins crucified Him.' That a church which was prospering more or less. We was like a dagger going right into my breast. did not like to have a church in our vicinity; the Was it possible that my sins were the reason why young men in our town got together to see what Jesus was crucified? It was an entirely new we could do about it." thought; and right there I was converted. A change came over me and it must have been that (Here his voice faltered -and he hung his head I was reborn at that moment. while the red mounted to his face.) "I had gone only for the day but I could not "We decided we would drive that pastor out of leave! I was finding something very new! For our valley. How to do this was the question; but five whole days I forgot everything else and I we finally decided to lay hands upon him and beat stayed to the end of those revival meetings. Then him up to such an extent that he would never came thoughts of home and my people and friends, come to these parts again. and the realization that they too must know of this Jesus doctrine. But how could I tell them? "We decided that a group of us young fellows I went to Pastor Gold and told him he must come would go to the church on a Sunday morning, with me to my native town and preach there. So make a bold raid right in the midst of the wor- I returned home, bringing the pastor with me! ship, seize the pastor and give him a lesson that he would never forget. We bided our time, an- "When my people saw me coming back they ticipating a really exciting experience! were at first very glad, for they had not known where I had been or what had happened to me. "After these plans were made a strange thing They supposed that I had gone off on one of my occurred. I cannot tell how or why. It must have been God's Spirit. There is no other explanation. sprees, but then because I stayed so long they • The buildings for that institute' were erected some years ago by the family and friends of Dr. Arthur T. Pierson with a keen desire tsochfoulratrhehradinstKooodr.ea ItnhethtyepecooufrsBe ibolfe ttheeacyheianrgs ftohrerwehhicahvethgaotneBiobulet f~~~e:eo~n~~~t~~"v:-~!n[O~~~e~en whose lives have been splendid [188 ] were afraid I was gambling or might even have Seoul I came here and studied, and while studycommitted suicide. ing I never stopped praying for my folks down in the country. "When I told them of my wonderful experience, how I had become a Christian, they did not know "After almost a year of study I went home for whether to be glad because I had returned or sad the summer vacation and my family apparently because I was believing the Jesus Way. My were a little more reconciled to my being a Chrisfather did not like it at all and scolded and threat- tian. Then I called the family together and told ened me very much. them we would have Bible study. For a whole month I had a class in the Bible with my own peo- "Then there was the pastor I had brought to ple and tried to teach them the things I had preach in the town-that of course they did not learned. like, and complained much because of all the rice that had to be given to a stranger. However, we "First my elder brother decided to believe; went on preaching, the pastor and I, and we then after he had' come out, my father accepted gathered the people to our guest room, in spite of Christ, and then all the rest; so all twelve, our the objections of my parents. We had meetings whole household, came to believe. Now our house and I told my ;friends about Jesus, and sang for has become a regular place of worship. We them the hymn I had just learned-still my favor- started with our family; then two or three more ite hymn, 'Oh Happy Day that Fixed My Choice.' came and now thirty attend. Our guest room is But they would not believe, and they explained so crowded when we meet that we do not know the change in my life by saying, 'he has gone what we can do. We need a church building and crazy.' Further my parents wanted to know what before going to Seminary I am going home to see was the sense of offering prayer before eating. what we can do about a meeting place.

"So I tried to start a work in our town but I "My purpose is to serve the Lord. Do you think found I did not know much about the Bible. I I can enter the Seminary?" was afraid that I might not teach correctly or might even teach error; so I thought 'I must I replied that I would see what could be done know more about the Bible.' and that I trusted the way would be opened up before him. Is not a man with such a Christian "Having heard of the Pierson Bible School in experience worthy of going on to the Seminary?

THE "CONVERSION" OF SOME BRITISH NAVAL OFFICERS By THE RIGHT REV. BISHOP LANDER, Formerly of Hong Kong In 1907 I had occasion to go down to visit the Church in Pakhoi, South China, and the Admiral of the British Fleet kindly gave me a lift on a British cruiser. The officers said, "Frankly, we don't believe in missions at all. We think missionaries do far more harm than good."

"That is interesting to me," I replied, "because you have seen more than I have. It would be a good plan if we had a good look around this mission at Pakhoi, and see what there is to be seen! Come ashore with me for two or three days. If you are right then I will undertake to write to the Society and ask that the missionaries be withdrawn, that their stipends be stopped, and the work be closed down."

We arrived, and had a great deal of difficulty in landing. We found a number waiting in the Church for confirmation. The eight naval officers sawall that was going on. After the service in the Church we went into the general hospital and saw Dr. Bradley and Dr. Thomp- son and English nurses at work among the Chinese. Then we went on to the Leper Hospital, where there were a large number of lepers. I said to one of the officers: "What do you think about the missionaries?" He looked at me and replied: "I was blind and now I can see I"

Next day we came back to the ship. After a while I said, "What about it, men?"

"Bishop," they replied, "we had no idea that there was a work like that. We have been entirely misinformed and are quite willing to be subscribers." There is a bed there now bear- ing a glass plate with this inscription: "This bed is supported by the officers and the men of , , ship." -From Conquest by Healing.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,==~======================= YOUTH AND THE WORLD create a new world order – a no longer true. The world has shrunk. challenge to the youth of Wales The West is vitally influencing the SITUATION to take its share of responsibility East and the East is equally affecting in the reconstruction of our the West. There are prominent evils The piety of the Welsh .folk ~s world on the principles of Jesus in Christendom which are being copied proverbial and nowhere IS thIS Christ, which ~lone can bring more in evidence than in their peace and happmess to the na- in heathen lands, and some dark 0:'- zeal for missions. Rev. Watcyn tions." Numerous conferences M. Price, Organizing and Trav- in strategic centers are held iental practices are finding a home In eling Secretary for Foreign ~is­ under the auspices of The United our land. Weare interdependent, anti sions in the Welsh PresbyterIan Missionary Council for Wales neither the East nor the West can church, has recently written ex- (inclusive of ten different de- escape this reciprocating influence. pressing his interest in our nominations and Christian or- Methods Department and enclos- ganizations) as well as of the Young Wales must take its part in ing some of the missionary lit- several individual cooperative or- the formation of aNew World Ordm', erature from his own field. ganizations, great speakers giv- and the aim of this movement is to Three features stand out pre- ing inspirational addresses and help our young men and women to a eminently: (1) The amount of leading group conferences. No better understanding of the problems cooperative and union mission- stronger call of youth to the of humanity and to call on youth to ary work done in Wales. (2) colors could be imagined than the take its share of responsibility in their The stress upon youths' part and conference programs indicate. solution. place. (3) The paramount dy- Mr. Price writes: namic for Kingdom extension. Three fundamental factors are: (1) Says Mr. Price in "Aims and You will be glad to learn that we Ideals for Missionary Workers are having a wonderful time among To know-to discover the facts. Enat Home": the young people of Wales just now, thusiasm for the good of man is not and particularly in our .own Presby- safe unless it is based on knowledge. In a consideration of the missionary terian church. There IS a marked …… The "brotherhood of man" call motive the will of Christ must be the awakening among the youth of the is an idle platitude unless there is sufstartin'g point. . . . .. If Christ willed churches. ficient interest in man to know as the evangelization of the world, those much as possible about him. (2) To pray-to discover the purpose of God. "There is only one way to perpetual peace, and that is by bringing all na- tions and races to accept one ideal and to obey one law… . .. The high ad- venture to which youth is summoned is that of making God's law supreme throughout the world. Only through communion with God can we discover who desire to be His disciples will be We on this side of the Atlantic what is His law and purpose for man- may well ponder the u?dergird- kind." (3) To serve-to go forward set on giving effect to that will. He?ce ing principles of thIS You~h the missionary motive is the carrymg in service is essential. …… The na- tions are waiting for a service based out of the eternal purpose of God for on love, enlightened by knowledge and the world, and those who identify Movement in a day when mIS- understanding. The League of Nathemselves with it have behind them tions will become truly effective only the power of God. Its final success is sionary zeal seems on the decline. so far as it is a League of Love and assured. Apparent failure and dis- The campaign leaflet says in Service. couragements are only invitations to part: Among the suggestions for methods renewed effort…… The invincible Race isalation is no longer possible. of work are: (1) To read and study power of almighty God is behind those The world is no longer divided up into at least one book each season which separate sound-proof continent~ and deals with some aspect of the world who set themselves to do the will of nations' it is rather a great whIsper- situation. (2) To undertake each year Him who bade us go and preach the ing gailery. What is 'Yhispered i!l one definite piece of service for the London is heard at once m Shanghal. local church and community and for Word to all nations…… When we the extension of the Kingdom in other The conversations in Berlin are au- lands. (3) To meet together at regurge the primary claims of missions dible in Vancouver, constantly the in- ular times for fellowship and prayer. fluence of every bad thing becomes abroad we have Christ at our side putting words into our mouths and say- instantly world wide. It ·flashes like ing, "Yes, it was for this that I called My Church into being."

The Young Wales Christian lightning throug~ all .the .ea!th. The motto for the Girls' Mis- Movement Education wnwh ~s ltrrlflted to a sionary Auxiliary in the regular country or a parish is inadequate. The widening of horizons is the finest church work is likewise a key- This is one of the most note- form of education. It does more for note for our own endeavor: "The worthy features of the work in peace and goodwill upon the earth Wales. Utmost for the Highest," and the than many sermons and eloquent ora- comprehensive admonition to the Its avowed motive is "To Welsh folk everywhere is most tions. . East is East and West t8 West is [190 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

timely in East and West: "Learn Indian costumes, pictures and with Today's Youth. Youth is ever by practice the power of prayer." dolls; African musical instru- ready for speed and thrills. Can't ments, tooth chains, a complete A Young Women's Project village, etc. you ever rest-and like it? If you In the Eastside Presbyterian Much appreciation was ex- ever listened to me you would know church of Paterson, N. J., the pressed in view of the attractive young women gave a unique pro- form in which the information this is an age of leisure too. Many gram with exhibits at a service was given. folks would love your eleven hour~ under the auspices of the Women's Missionary Society, the A Book Shelf Fantasy of leisure and the one hour of activity. theme of the evening being, "The World." After the opening de- Two cardinal 13rinciples need "Today's Youth": Yes, but leisure votional service and a motion to be borne in mind in our propicture of mission work in cedure with young people: (1) isn't so wonderful unless you can get Alaska, the meeting became in- Missions from the educational some relaxation out of it. formal. Around the room were point of view make a strong aparranged attractive exhibits peal, linking themselves up with "Builders of a New World": What's from practically all the Presby- the habit and attitude of mind of terian mission stations, each the average young person. (2) that about leisure? The author of my booth in charge of a group of Imaginative vehicles for infor- pages says some telling things about young women (mostly cos- mation vastly increase receptumed). They located their sta- tivity. While judgment increases leisure. Did you see those recent fads tions on maps, gave information with the years, imagination has concerning climate and character its major innings in youth. A in America, as Mr. Bartlett (author) of countries, life and dress of particularly successful survey of people, mission work in progress the leading adult study books for lists them? Do you think they indior needed, etc. These exhibits the current year, giving an inbegan with local work inclusive formational view of the field cov- cate worthy interests and ability to of City Missions, the Florence ered, was written by Mrs. R. A. Crittenton Home, the Salvation Chandler, Galesburg, Ill.; and use our leisure? Now that working Army, churches, hospitals, Y. M. while it is impossible to give and Y. W. C. A.'s, etc., and ex- more than the merest skeleton of hours are shorter, all of us need traintended to the outermost limits the text, this will serve as a of missionary endeavor abroad. framework to be filled in locally ing in the use of the spare time we as well as an illustration of what The Alaskan project had a may be done with facts and a have. tiny village, an igloo, a minia- paint pot of imagination. ture team drawn by huskies, an "Christianity and Industry": That's Eskimo doll and numerous pic- Each character is dressed in tures. a paper or cardboard book cover true. My author stands up for wise of the same color as the volume The American Indian booth represented, with title and au- use of leisure, and for few enough contained wampum, basketry, thor's name printed on the rug loom and rugs and a costume "backbone" of the book (the working hours so that leisure can be doll. part visible when book stands on shelf) . When curtain rises, if heartily enjoyed. He believes in fair The Mountaineer exhibit de- one is available, it is lifted only picted the community work and as far as shoulders of actors so wages for an honest day's work, irvarious industries – woodcraft, that only "backbones" of a row handcraft, homespun, toys, pot- of books on a shelf are visible. respective of race or color; and he tery, photographs of life and cus- After a moment's silence, a clock toms in the district, etc. strikes twelve. Gradually books discusses at length the tragedy of en- move a little, step from places, Puerto Rico was exploited yawn, stretch, etc., then begin to forced leisure through unemployment. mainly with photographs which speak. were intimate studies of home (Subject matter of these two books and community life among the "Today's Youth and Tomorrow's people, also of mission hospitals World": There's something inside my further discussed in a way revealing and other ministering institu- pages about the way our age grows tions. more speedy every day, but Stanley their argument and main content.) High (author) never stood on a shelf The Foreign Fields were made waiting for midnight so that he could "The Never-Failing Light": And real with tiny figures depicting come alive or he would agree with me the different classes of Chinese, that the hour between eleven and it is 1/W,n who must operate the maminiature villages, idols, charms, twelve grows longer every night. This costumes, embroidery, samples is no age of speed! chines and who must respect their of the new writing, etc.; Persian dolls, prayer outfits, letters from "Christianity and Industry in AmBr- power and use it, but at the same time missionaries, a bed and pictures; ica": There! there! I suppose you are impatient because you deal only keep the souls of the workmen from following the deadly routine of an im- personal machine. Where but in Christ can be found the Never-Failing Light which will enable them to live abundantly in the midst of the me- chanical influences of the age? (Il- luminating discussion between this speaker and "Today's Youth.") "The Christian Mission in Amer- ica": Other influences, too, make for "spiritual bewilderment." We face moral confusion, lawlessness, secular- ism, narrow nationalism, and an or- ganized and powerful underworld.

"The N. F. Light": Communism raises its dangerous head over the world, as the revolt spirit of the masses grows. .

"The Christian Mission": I believe that over against all this moral wrong- ness we must list our Christian as- sets. Christianity, we know, is the Way of Life for millions. It provides a challenging moral standard to guide us. It expresses itself in a program of service. It is guided by the prin- ciple of the sacredness of personality.

"Eastern Women Today and To- morrow": How that idea of the indi- vidual is growing in the Orient!

Women are emerging from their se- clusion. The East has discovered that women are individuals with rights.

They have become economic assets- yes, even political powers. Watch the Orient if you want to see that idea grow.

"How Far to the Nearest Doctor?": The worth of each person, do you say?

My pages are crammed with living stories of those transformed by Christ who now follow in the steps of the

Great Physician, make sick bodies well are read instead of recited. Care studied in both the Women's Auxiliary and give refreshing draughts of the and the Men-of-the-Church. For the Water of Life to those who thirst. must be taken to select persons latter, the Sunday school offers three (Animated conversation among Dodd, courses with definite missionary em- Kerr, Woodsmall, Bartlett and High who have good voices and read phasis. (1) The Life and Letters of with expression. Study book -authors of books in question.) dramatizations are particularly Peter – a three-months' course de- "How Far?" etc.: Stop! Stop! signed to help the student become Take time to breathe or you'll regret available for this sort of per- formance. familiar with the life of Peter and his it! contribution to the spread of Chris- "Today's Youth": And while he is Multiplying the Talents tianity, and to lead the learner to a taking that long breath may I say that sustained loyalty to Jesus Christ. (2) among all the movements that have Cuba's leading newspaper, the The Life and Letters of Paul- a been started by young men, we need Havana Post, publishes the fol- course of similar length …… to learn a new mass movement – "a youth of the spread of the Gospel by mismovement that accepts Jesus' program lowing, which is quoted from the sionary work in the First Century, and as its platform and that takes Jesus' Congregationalist: to gain a world view of the task of spirit as its driving power." If such An analogy to the parable of the the Christian Church in the Twentieth a movement becomes a crusade, that Talents is to be found in one of the Century. (3) The Spread of Chriswill be the best thing we can do to forty societies of the Methodist Wom- tianity-a six months' course which right present conditions that are en's Missionary Conference of Cuba, gives a detailed study on the missionwrong. each of which receives a dollar a year ary activities of the early Church. To from the national organization for the these three distinctively missionary "The Christian Mission": For wom- benefit of the interdenominational courses should be added numbers of en and men, for youth and little chil- lessonS which touch on and emphasize dren, "the Cross is God's eternal home for children, at Cardenas. Re- missions. pledge of life's redemption and the ceiving their dollar from the national dynamic which constrains us to fellow- headquarters, this society divided it A survey of topics used in the ship with Him in the service of re- among their ten members, apportion- past few years in the Men-of-thedemption." ing a dime to each. One bought ten Church program reveals such subjects as these: "The Chal- "The N. F. Light": If we love one cents' worth of thread, using it to lenge Along Our State and another, He dwelleth in us. As we crochet a pair of baby's bootees which County Highways-Unchurched practice brotherhood in all human re- sold for twenty cents. Twenty cents Multitudes in Every Southern lationships, preaching the Gospel to in thread became a baby's cap which State"; "Who Is Responsible for the uttermost parts of the earth, heal- sold for forty cents, and before the Foreign Mis s ion s in This ing the sick, opening the eyes of soul evolution had ended, the ten cents' Church?"; "Is Our Church Carand intellect, feeding the hungry, ap- worth of thread had grown to an elab- rying too Heavy a Foreign Misplying Christ's Spirit to all the world's orately worked bedspread which sold sion Program?"; "Are PreachproblemS, then shall we move into a for eight dollars. Still more unusual ing the Gospel and Personal surer sense of the presence of God were the eight women who pooled their Evangelism Still Necessary on within us for time and eternity. resources and bought for eighteen the Foreign Field?"; "Mexico in cents a small pig. From week to week Texas-a Foreign Missionary "Eastern Women": I feel so alive! the pig is being "boarded" at the Opportunity at Home." "How Far?": I don't feel like a homes of the eight women; and when book at all! Christmas comes, bringing with it the Thus missions h a ve been active demand for pork, this pig will brought to the attention of the "Christianity and Industry": Per- go to market and the proceeds be adults, and especially of the men. haps we are coming alive. I believe added to the funds in support of the home. The original "talent" will have the ideas within our covers are any- increased between 8,000 and 10,000 way. per cent!

"Builders": And that must be the important thing. Even if we do go back to our shelf when the clock strikes one, perhaps we'll still be alive because somebody has read our Missions in the Adult Program Toasts for Missionaryships pages.

"Today's Youth": To stand on a In the Presbyterian Survey of shelf for eleven hours at a stretch W 0 r s hip (the devotional won't be so bad if the ideas on my January, 1934, appears a com- toast): Tuning in to the Divine pages are running about, getting exercise in the world. mendable outline of work for Wisdom and quietly listening to men, women usually "stealing "The N. F. Light": And we can talk the show" in missionary matters His counsel. again! C01npanionship: Cultivating to such an extent that a pastor, a sense of the Presence walking (Clock strikes one. BookS hurry in a recent dramatic sketch was along beside us at every hour of into places on shelf and there is silence made to say: "We pastors have as curtain falls.) If memorization of this expanded to work to keep ahead of tlie the day. sketch is impracticable, how about Partnership: A realization using the next device described here- women. What with their read- that God's plan requires our coin-"A Walking Rehearsal"? ing contests and study classes operation at every point. and points for number of books read and what not, I am com- Friendship: Sharing the best FIELD GLIMPSES pletely bewildered sometimes. things in our lives with others, Bless the women! We busy pas- far and near. A Walking Rehearsal Many a good dramatic sketch tors might get behind the times Stewardship: Acknowledgis unavailable because of the in our missionary outlook if they ment of God's ownership of perdifficulty in finding people who didn't keep prodding us on." sonality and possessions.

memorize well. The next best The aforementioned outline Lordsluip: Recognition of the thing is what is termed in theat- says, in part: authority and supremacy of J erical parlance "a walking rehearsal." Parts are assigned, In evaluating the place of missions sus Christ in every act and practiced and acted but the lines in the adult program it should be re- thought of life, inclusive of the membered that missions is' intensively obligations of missions. BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'''''''i-================~-'====i~ GOD'S FOOL FLORIDA CHAIN OF MIS- SIONARY ASSEMBLIES Saint Paul, in writing to the church in Corinth, asked: Over five hundred consecrated Where is the wise? Where is church women in Florida carry the scribe? Where is the disputer of this world? Hath not responsibility for the Florida God made foolish the wisdom of the world? Chain of Missionary Assemblies CUlminating this year, January But we preach Christ cruci- 15-February 15, in meetings in fied, unto Jews a stumbling- Orlando, Deland, Winter Haven, Lakeland, Miami, Palm Beaches, block, and unto Gentiles foolish- Bradenton, Fort Myers, St. ness; but unto them that are Petersburg, Clearwater, Tampa, Gainesville and Jacksonville. called, both Jews and Greeks, Enrollment in each place varied. Christ the power of God and the In St. Petersburg, Florida, wisdom of God. Because the where this year marked the fiffoolishness of God is wiser than teenth annual session, 1621 permen; and the weakness of God sons registered. The registrais stronger than men . ….. Now tion in the thirteen cities was abo u t sixty-five thousand. the natural man receiveth not This did not include the audithe things of the Spirit of God: ences of city clubs, schools, park for they are foolishness unto forums, radio. In Miami, Bayhim; and he cannot know them, is within human experience to front Park, seven thousand perbecause they are spiritually sons heard E. Stanley Jones examined. know that often babes and fools speak. In all cities, young peo- perceive the Truth of mysteries ples' meetings were held. The Saint Luke records that Jesus and speak the Truth. entire missionary project is on one occasion burst into a carried by prayer, careful planprayer of thanksgiving to his The wise man wrote long ago ning, and service of many per- Father the "Lord of heaven and -The fear of God is the begin- sons. Miss B. Louise Woodford, earth" because He had revealed ning of wisdom. Where then is the State Chairman, gives full certain truths "unto babes." wisdom? The Cross, if spiritu- time to the project for five or ally examined, becomes the sym- six months of the year. Pastors bol of the Way of Eternal Life, cooperate. Denominational lines But we also are expected to so that the sad fool asks to praise are not emphasized. Baptists, grow up unto the stature of God through merriment, and the Methodists, Presbyterians, Lu- Jesus Christ. Where then is the weary troubled world of men re- therans, Episcopalians, and foolishness? Where is the wis- joice in the promise of the more o the r denominations 0 pen dom? The foolishness lies in abundant life as symbolized in churches and homes and help in man's proneness to dispute about the empty grave on Easter Day, this concentrated "witness to the the mysteries of God. Once achieved through death on the power of the Risen Christ." when Jesus seemed nigh dis- Cross. traught that his closest friends Therefore let us also, seeing The theme this year, "Chriswere arguing about rank in the we are compassed about with so tian Discipleship in a New Age," Kingdom of God, he placed a great a cloud of witnesses . …. . was presented by a faculty of child in their midst and spoke run with patience the race that sixteen "world ambassadors," quite sternly the Truth. The is set before us, looking unto among whom were E. Stanley child is teachable. Jesus …… who for the joy that Jones, and other home and for- eign missionaries. Your editor Recently a Christian said to was set before him endured the presented two subjects, "Christhe writer: "Don't let us con- cross, despising shame, and hath tian Women in Public Affairs," sider the meaning of the Cross. set down at the right hand of It is too difficult to understand, God. or folks argue about it. Let ~t It was He who told us that remain a mystery." And yet it "tlLe pure in heart shall see God."

[193 ] and "Pioneers on International Any further advance in home Home Missions Councils will Frontiers." Round Table dis- mission~ must be along construc- continue the cooperative decussions followed each presenta- tive lines of intensive, qualita- velopment of the usual lines of tion. Local churches opened tive, planned home missions, and promotion and missionary edutheir pUlpits to Sunday morning not along the lines of extensive, cation. The present proposal and evening services. quantitative, opportunistic home has in view a more constructive This brief report should also missions. There must be a approach to the Church at large include a statement that over larger statesmanship to cope through a nation-wide series of twelve hundred dollars' worth of with the new and complex age in conventions and conferences. books were sold in a well man- which we are living. aged bookroom, where THE MIS- The next home missions ad- III. Resolutions.

SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD vance must be a cooperative ad- A. That the Home Missions was displayed. It gave the editor vance. There must be a demon- Council and the Council of Wompersonal satisfaction to meet stration of our essential unity in en for Home Missions in joint church members who find the the common task of evangelizing session January 11, 1934, ap- Bulletin inspiring and practical. and christianizing America. prove and authorize the sug- If every individual Christian Home missions must be re- gested program of Cooperative and every church with prayer established in the consciousness Home Missions Advance. and confidence of the Church. and cooperative planning deter- There must be recreated in the B. That, in order to complete mined, under the leadership of Church a sense of need and the work of the present Joint Jesus Christ and his Way of urgency for home missions, a Committee on Five-Year Pro- Life, to make Christian the com- desire to share religious privi- gram and to carry forward this munity and national life, the leges, and a knowledge of the twofold advance in program whole nation would come to new changed demands upon home and promotion, a Joint Commitlife which could and would de- mission boards and agencies, as tee on Planning and Strategy be stroy social evils in our midst indicated in the book, "Home appointed to serve for five years and hasten the day when man Missions Today and Tomorrow." from January, 1934, to be conwill do his part to realize in his Love for God the Father must stituted as follows: day the second part of the be increasingly demonstrated in angels' song, loving service to man, as brother. The members of the Joint Commit- tee on Comity and Cooperation of the Glory to God in the Highest II. The Report suggests two two Home Missions Councils; three And on earth peace, goodwill general lines of advance. representatives each from the Fed- eral Council of the Churches and the among men. A. Advance in pro g ram. International Council of Religious Education; the Executive Secretary They are, b r i e fl y THE COOPERATIVE HOME of the Community Church Workers; stated: the Executive Secretary of the Mis- MISSION ADVANCE sionary Education Movement; and the 1. Making any further necessary sur- Executive Secretaries of the two Home On January 11, 1934, the Missions Councils. Committee on Five-Year Pro- veys or special studies. gram of Survey and Adjustment, 2. Immediate steps to complete the or- C. That the Chairman of the and the Committee on Review Joint Committee on Comity and and Forecast appointed in June, ganization of state, city, and re- Cooperation of the Home Mis- 1933, made their report to the gional interdenominational coun- sions Councils act as convenor of Home Missions Council and the this new Joint Committee on Council of Women for Home cils. Planning and Strategy and that Missions. In the 440-page vol- 3. Occupancy of neglected home mis- the Committee then elect its own ume entitled, "Home Missions Chairman and Secretary. sion fields. Today and Tomorrow," * there 4. Conscientious facing, with new de- D. That the executive work of the Joint Committee on Planwas recommended in Section XV termination, all questions of ning and Strategy be in the office an advance in home missions. comity, including the securing of of the Home Missions Council. The Home Mission Councils in the adoption of the comity prinannual meeting accepted this ciples of the Home Missions E. That the Committee on challenge and unanimously ap- Council by all constituent bodies. Planning and Strategy be auproved, by rising vote, the fol- 5. Extending the field of cooperative thorized to invite the cooperation lowing plan for a New Coopera- action through the Home Mis- in the proposed state conventions tive Home Mission Advance: sions Councils by enlarging their and conferences of other inter- function, by using them in spe- denominational agencies. I. The proposal for advance is cial types of service and for the based upon the following development of coordinated pro- F. That the Boards and grams in various mission fields. agencies, and ecclesiastical 6. Giving more attention to various administrative questions, such as personnel requirement, more thor- ough coordination of programs in the field, improvement of tech- nical standards of work, effecting necessary readjustment of work, considerations: sharpening objective of each bodies constituent to these co- phase of work. operating councils be asked to * ((Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." B. Advance in promotion. approve this Cooperative Pro- It is expected that the Joint gram of Advance and recom- A Review and Forecast. Edited by Hermann N. Morse. Price, $2. It can be secured from the Home Missions Council, 105 East 22d Street, New York. Committee on Promotion of the mend it to their constituency.

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~'~I~~=A=M=iss=ion=ary=N=ews=pa=per=of=Cu=rre=nt =Eve=nts=====~~ INDIA rias insists that this "impedi- tor, found that it was difficult for ment to India's conversion" must villagers to understand the Bi- Differences Are Imaginary be removed by convincing India ble published in the classical that "Christ has not come to Marathi version. Determined to Mr. K. Natarajan believes that eradicate all that constitutes In- give these people the Scriptures the greatest obstacle to an un- dian civilization," but rather in a more simple form she began derstanding of India by Western that He desires "to transform it the task of Bible translation. peoples is the impression that with a new glory of perfection." With a few of her best students the people of India are wholly she took up the study of Hebrew different from themselves. He -Dnyanodaya. and Greek and with the aid of affirms that the people of India these loyal assistants translated are neither more spiritual nor Trust the Indians the entire Bible into a simple more materialistic than the peo- form of Marathi. Women and ple of America. Indians may Dr. Foss Wescott, the Bishop girl students printed and bound talk more of religion and Amer- of Calcutta and Metropolitan of the translation after it had been icans more of wealth; but in India, who recently returned to completed. The volume is an practical life the chief preoccu- India after spending s 0 m e admirable translation and is repation of both is how to get on months in Great Britain, was markable in that it is entirely in the world. profoundly impressed with the the work of women, all first gen- obvious conviction among lead- eration Christians converted The idea of Indians being met- ers that the one hope of a solu- from Hinduism, and is probably aphysicians and mystics has tak- tion of today's world problems the only complete Bible transen a strong hold on the Ameri- lay in a religious revolution. He lated, printed and bound by can mind. Mr. Natarajan says: has returned with great faith in women. A copy, presented to "At the conclusion of my last lec- the possibilities of the Oxford the American Bible Society, may ture in Chicago some women re- movement. Referring to the be seen at New York. quested me to deliver some lec- proposals for a new constitution tures on metaphysics. I told for India, he said that the pres- "Ashram" at Vellore them that I knew very little of ent difficulties of India were due the subject, but they seemed in large measure to the suspicion "Be still and know that I am to think that every man from In- and fear which prevailed on all God." This challenging call to dia was an expert metaphysi- sides. He held that the Church meditation is carved on the door cian." -Congregationalist. should lead in restoring har- posts of the beautiful "House of mony, and that this could only Prayer" of the VeIlore Ashram, Why India Resists be done by showing that we which was dedicated on October trusted the real leaders of the 22d. The building differs from Dr. A. C. E. Zacharias, in his nation. the usual one, following as it recent book "The Renascent In- does the Dravidian type of archidia," says that the movement for "According to the white paper tecture. The service of dedicasocial and religious reform is proposals," he said, "the eccle- tion was chosen from various above and before eveLI'ything a siastical portfolio would be in the sources ;-an old song from the matter of the spirit. hands of the Governor-General, Latin, a call to silence, several not of his council. This seems psalms, the common confession It is the Spirit of God, breath- to argue a mistrust of the leaders of sin, prayers of invocation and ing where it listeth, which has of the nation, and the question adoration, Solomon's prayer at inspired the spirits of men." is whether we should not take the dedication of the temple in the necessary steps to show that Jerusalem, a litany of dedication, . . . Hindus refuse, "not so we are prepared to trust them a song written by a brother Ashmuch the Christian faith, as its to do what is just and right." ramite-all were woven together European form." St. Augus- and put in printed form so that tine's explanation of why the -Christian Century. all could take the message home Jewish elite of our Lord's day and ponder over it. would not accept Him, parallels Indian Woman's Bible India's resistance to Jesus Christ The Ashram was built primarfrom "the fear that if all be- While carrying on famine re- ily for the use of Hindus. From lieved in Christ, none would be lief work among the Marathi, the School come each morning left to defend their own divine who number nearly 17,000,000 in civilization and polity against the Bombay presidency, Saras- Western invaders." Dr. Zacha- vati Ramabai, the gifted educa- [195 ]

for prayer and meditation 125 ing, longing to find salvation and Siam in December, 1928, in- peace which can be found only in the children, almost all Hindus. The spired some Siamese Christians visitors are principally Hindus. Lord Jesus Christ. Over 7,000 meet- to plan for a National Church. The Sunday afternoon services ings with upwards of 300,000 total at- In 1930, the National Christian tendance have been held this last year. for women, the special gather- -News Bulletin. Council was formed, and in 1933 ings, all will be attended largely the national Christians are com- by nonChristian audiences. Burme.se Village Turns mitted to the establishment of -Christian Intelligencer. Christian The Church of Christ in Siam. The decision was reached after Caring for Lepers in India Benj amin M. Jones, a Metho- dist missionary, tells in the an assurance that the mission- There are probably more lep- Christian Advocate how one aries, the Boards of Foreign ers in India in proportion to the Kachin village in Burma became Missions, and the Church in total population than in most of 100% Christian, after having America approved, and that such the other parts of the world. opposed it to the extent of mov- The latest (1931) Census re- ing two hundred miles into the a step would not remove the misports 148,000 lepers in India, or jungle to escape the Gospel. sionary, nor sever the ties that 42 lepers per every 100,000 peo- bind them to European and ple. The Mission to Lepers re- An evangelist of the Karen American Christian groups. ports: race went to the village to try to win them. He acquired a lot and A constitution based largely At the end of 1932, 6,509 sufferers went for bamboo to build his on the constitution of The from leprosy were accommodated in house. When he got back he Church of Christ in China has the Homes in India for which the Mis- been drawn up and widely cir- culated in every Christian group.

sion is financially respons,ible; and found the villagers had put up A revision committee is at work 801 healthy children of leper parents a shrine and dedicated it, and it on the Siamese phraseology of were being cared for. Five years ago must not be moved. He acquired the Constitution. The task comthe figures were 5,581 and 769 respec- another site and rushed up his pleted it will be formally pre- tively, and ten years ago 4,652 and 565. Thus in the last ten years re- house in one day to avoid its be- sented to the missions and by sponsibility for the care of nearly 2,000 more patients, and over 200 more ing broken down. He made them to their Boards for sanchealthy children, has been shouldered. friends with the children but tion. This is progress for which we cannot could get no access to the old -Presbyterian Advance.

but be deeply grateful. . . . India at folks. At last one of the lads bepresent must answer the charge of so largely allowing the immense problem came very ill. His relatives sac- CHINA of her neediest, most friendless lepers, rificed fowls then pigs. He only A Message of Fellowship to fall upon the shoulders of men and grew worse and they were pre- women from other lands who strive, paring to sacrifice three buffa- At its ninth annual meeting and even agonize, to provide for these loes, when the lad died, or they broken folk whose claim for help can thought he did. Then the lad's The National Christian Council be so hardly denied. mother went to the Christian sent a message to Christians in -Dnyanodaya. teacher and said, "You say your America, the gist of which is in the following paragraph: God can raise the dead. Come Seeking for Truth now and try it on my son and we We have heard with deep sympathy of the difficulties and anxieties from The Bombay Christian Coun- will believe." The teacher asked which you are suffering as a result of the present economic depression. Our cil has held its 22d annual meet- the mother to take away all the common suffering in this time of deing. The American Board was emblems of spirit worship. She pression brings home to our minds represented by Dr. Wilbur S. said she didn't dare to, but that afresh the unity of mankind. We Deming and Dr. B. P. Hivale, he might do so himself. Then he realize something of the burden that laid his hands on the boy and the last few years have meant for you brilliant Indian lecturer who vis- prayed, and the boy immediately in continuing the help that you give ited America in 1928. They re- sat up and threw his arms to the Church in China, and would port: express our gratitude for that help around the teacher. The teacher There is a marked difference in the began to sing and the boy joined and our keen appreciation of the sacriattitude of the people everywhere, and in. The teacher forbade him, ficial love that prompts your giving. in some towns the caste people gave saying that he was too weak and In the midst of our own distress and our Gospel teams a most cordial wel- the anxieties of our critical national come making all the arrangements for must not exhaust himself. The situation, we feel more deeply than the meetings, and helping us in gath- ever the spiritual value of Christian ering the people together to hear the boy denied that he was weak and fellowship and friendship as a sustain- Message. We feel that day by day the asked for food. His previous ing power. Our common difficulties people are becoming more interested in Christ and crowds always gather trouble had been that he could draw us closer together and we face to hear the songs and testimonies. not swallow food. The signs of them in the confident hope that you will stand by us.

There was never before in India such weakness and illness disapa religious awakening as there is to- Business Man Gives Gospel day. People of all creeds are seeking peared from him at once. Tent certainty and truth, and as they are not able to find it in their own re- Siamese National Church A well-to-do business man in ligions they eagerly turn to the Chris- Hongkong, Mr. Lim Tsu Hong, tians to try to find out what they have The celebration of the Cen- came to visit his father, ordained and what they believe. They are wait- tenary of Protestant Missions in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Baptist pastor at Kim Khe, 27 good works. She initiated the sionaries and Chinese Christians miles west of Kityang, South "officers' Moral Welfare Associa- perished together in 1900, and is tion," promoted by General a memorial to those martyrs. It China. While there he mani- Chiang, and in Nanchang the was built in 1924, at a cost of fested great interest in evangel- Women's Aid Society for the $34,000, one-third of which was istic work, and offered $1,000 for wounded soldiers was organized given by Chinese. During the the purchase of a gospel tent and by her during April of last year, three days of meetings the older with the cooperation of the lead- church members recalled the outfit. A tent-maker was found ing women of the city and of the scenes of earlier days; and and the contract let for a tent Church. At that time there were many younger Christians heard 40 x 60 feet. A good portable 1,227 wounded in Nanchang, and for the first time, or in greater organ, four gas lanterns, a plat- this Aid Society entered upon detail, of 1900 and the years preform and 50 benches completed three kinds of work for them;- ceding. -Missionary Herald. giving out comfort packages the outfit. Within two weeks the (with Mme. Chiang's very prac- A Christian Library School tent was finished and shipped to tical and generous financial Swatow. Two days later, after aid); training a first aid class Boone Library School at Wua dedicatory service, the outfit and visiting the wounded in the chang is the only one of its kind was loaded into a boat and towed hospitals once a week. Knowing in all China. It is maintained by to a village for its initial cam- that caring for the physical com- the Protestant Episcopal Mispaign. In the six months fol- fort of the soldiers was not sion. Mr. Samuel Seng, libralowing, nine campaigns, varying enough, Mme. Chiang asked the rian, has twenty-one students in from seven to eighteen days, churches to form an evangelistic the two classes, coming from were held. Frequently, as many committee to carry the Gospel to eight provinces. One or more as a thousand crowded into the the wounded. students come from Canton and tent. Classes of 20 to 30 were Shanghai, Peiping and Manchuorganized for further study. -The Presbyterian. ria, from Szechuan and even ·from Yunnan, the far southwest- -Missions. New Bible Society ern province. Students from Yunnan require twenty days to The Shantung Revival Thinking that three Bible So- reach Wuchang in Central cieties-the British and Foreign, China. At the annual Conference of the American and the Scotch- were not enough for China, Some students hold scholarthe Southern Baptist's Mission Chang Chi Kiang, the ex-war- ships from the China Founda- lord, who has been an earnest tion, an educational fund; a few in North China, encouraging Christian for several years, has are sent by provincial bureaus of joined with three other Chinese education; two are sent by limessages were given as to the notables to establish what is braries, and the others are self- called, "The Eastern China Bi- supporting. Graduates are fillwidespread revival movement ble Society." These four had a ing important library positions popular meeting, and each one in many parts of China. going on in its field. In Pingtu spoke on the importance of Bi- ble study and what it meant to JAPAN-CHOSEN county one thousand have been them. They hope to arrange the Bibles in a spectacular way- Tokyo's Week of Evangelism baptized since the last confer- making them appear attractive -thus hoping to sell more. One hundred and sixty Japaence. A new church with 167 Chang Chi Kiang had a Bible nese Christian churches of all printed several years ago with denominations in Tokyo united members has been organized. a most attractive binding- in the observance of "Christian largely gilt with black. Week," from November 5th to Four hundred dollars' worth of 12th, to assist "in the regenera- -Presbyterian Survey. tion of the nation in this period Bibles were sold during the year. of emergency." This city-wide Taiku's Celebration Christian campaign was con- In Tsinan another new church ducted by all Christian leaders The American Board Mission under the banner of the National has been organized. From this in Taiku, Shansi, celebrated its Christian Regeneration Move- fiftieth anniversary on October ment; and its program was the field ten students have entered 28th, 29th, 30th. Community, result of eighteen months of churches and schools were well preparation by a committee of the Hwanghsien Seminary. In represented, and ~oo Christians seventeen members. from the country came in for the connection with the city church gathering. The meetings were The chairman, Rev. Kunio Ko- held in City Church which daira, stated that if human help twenty-eight evangelistic bands stands on the spot where mis- were sufficient to save the indi- vidual and the society that is have been active. One of these is composed of men from the Government Construction Bu- reau who were converted during the year. Schools and hospitals have shared in this revival move- ment. Hwanghsien had forty- two bands working out from the city church, the schools and the hospital. At Laiyang the county's first Chinese pastor was or- dained. It is noted that the chief emphasis was laid upon the "fruits of the spirit" in daily life. -Chinese Recorder.

A Christian Example Mme. Chiang is a practical Christian, as shown by. her many

against the wall, there would be by Japanese Methodists. The tory come two or three times a no crisis. The only salvation is pastor is the adopted son of a week for Bible study; and three through Christ alone. "Through missionary's cook, and a grad- of them have recently been bapthe love of Christ we must find uate of Kwansei Gakuin. Since tized and one confirmed. strength for ourselves and for the dedication, the Sunday our nation. Through our move- School has increased 200 per -C. M. S. Outlook.

ment, which will extend into cent. -World Outlook. Christian Forces Need Support every part of our nation, we seek A well-informed correspond- ent in Japan says in a recent letto embody into the Japanese Conscience Wins ter to the American Board: spirit the highest ideals of our It is now required that Japa- All is not joy in Japan. The de- nese school children shall be tak- fense of Manchukuo against the infaith, as we are convinced that en periodically to a Shinto shrine roads of bandits and the threat of in- to do reverence to the Emperor. vasion from China is a constant drain where strength has failed, spirit Whether this is a religious or pa- on human and financial resources. Old triotic observance is not clear, Mr. Depression is still in the saddle and the new soul will win. . . . but it has enough likeness to a with General Militarism. Japan is religious rite to raise a question trying to canter along as before, but We see the great mission of Jap- of conscience for Christians. In it takes more food in the form of taxes a small town in the interior of to carry such fat riders together. anese Christians to regenerate Japan some four or five school Next year's national budget has just children refused to join their been announced as Y2,111,500,OOO, and their spirit, and contribute to classmates in the required visit is sixty million yen larger than this to the shrine. As a result, the year's record; Y935,OOO,OOO will go to the national strength of spirit Minister of Education withdrew military expenses. The police are try- the permission under which a ing to uproot the spread of commuand idealism that will in them- small Christian mission in the nism, but it seems to be spreading locality operated. The (;ther in- among the sons and daughters of the selves be contributions to inter- cident occurred in a factory wealthy, as well as among the stunational security, peace and where a large number of girls dents, teachers and even judges. -Missions. are employed. The owners had Meanwhile strong leaders of liberal unity." erected a Shinto shrine in the tendencies are apt to be murdered by compound, which they required reactionary bands. Against Licensed Evil the girls to visit in order to do reverence to the Emperor. The Korea Mission Jubilee The campaign against licensed seven or eight Christians among prostitution which is being the employees refused to join in The Presbyterian Mission will waged by many Japanese women this observance, and were dis- be fifty years old on September is making real progress. Re- missed from their jobs as a re- 20, 1934. For this reason it cently the last licensed house in sult. Note what followed. All plans to hold a Jubilee in Seoul the Akita Prefecture was closed. the other girls went on strike, at its next annual meeting, June Success is due largely to Mrs. and remained away, until the 30th to July 3, 1934. This cele- Hayakawa who has for several Christian girls were reinstated. bration begun in Seoul, will be years championed the cause of continued throughout the coungirls who wished to be freed -Congregationalist. try and extend well into the from their degrading servitude. spring of 1935, as the plans are When she learned that three In the Factories now. It will be marked by spegirls had appealed under their cial preaching of the Gospel and legal rights to the police but Evangelistic work is being prosecution of the great forward without results, she went to the done in Kurume's factories, and movement, which is now in its Chief of Police and told him yields encouraging results. In third year. something must be done. .He did one factory the attendance at the not act. She went to the gover- meetings is usually over 400; -The Presbyterian. nor. Like many governors he had no desire to court unpopu- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC larity with any part of his constituency, so he, too, did noth- Chinese Missions in Malaya ing. Said the determined Mrs. Hayakawa, "Either you do something or I go to Tokyo and present this case to the Minister of the Interior." At that, she got action. -Missionary Herald.

Congratulations from a Pagan and out of these some come to The latest undertaking of the classes for Bible study, with the Chinese Foreign Missionary At Mie Machi, where a new result that seven were confirmed Union is to open work in the is- Methodist Church had just been last year. In another factory, lands of Bangka and Billiton, dedicated, a pagan chief of po- where cotton wool is prepared, and more than 200 smaller islice stood up in the pulpit to con- evangelistic meetings have been lands of this group which lie off gratulate Christians upon the held once or twice a month for the southeast coast of Sumatra. erection of a new church build- several years past, but recently The Union has six married ing, and urged them to turn in the factory workers have made couples and four single young and build new men for the com- request that in addition there men at work, all Chinese. Be- munity. Church and parsohage, might be a short service of sides working among the hun- costing between four and five morning prayers on their week- dreds of thousands of their own thousand yen, was built largely ly rest day. Girls from this fac- people, who have overflowed

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

from China into' the island world the advantage of being cheap have adapted themselves to the and French Indo-China, they and is nonirritating in a solu- arts of civilization remarkably are carrying on missionary work tion of 1 to 1,000." well.-Missionary Review (Au- among the native population; -Without the Camp. stralia) .

and have pioneered into the in- GENERAL terior of Borneo and the Celebes. Large Returns in the Looking Ahead in Missions -The Bible for China. Philippines Rev. F. Scott Thompson, More Baptisms in Bali Rev. Lee I Rose, Protestant United Presbyterian Missionary Episcopal Missionary of Sagada, in Assiut, Egypt, writing in the The conversion of the first P. I., describes the. Sunday Women's Missionary Magazine, Balinese has caused a great stir school there. gives five characteristics which in the papers of the Netherlands he predicts will mark the misand of the Dutch East Indies, be- Made up as it is of big and little sionary enterprise of the future. cause the Dutch government had illiterates, third or half clothed, wild They are: forbidden all Christian mission- as deer, and presided over entirely by ary work on the island. When school children, it is one of the most 1. An attitude of greater appreciatwo young men whose fathers fascinating things here. I love to tion and friendliness toward the fol- watch Albert Masferre's class of old lowers of other faiths. We cango far men. Half of them are afraid to be were Chinese and whose mothers baptized, afraid that evil spirits will in making commpn cause with other punish them for turning, but almost religions against the rising tides of were Balinese, heard the Gospel more afraid of judgment to come if message in Chinese, the Gospel they do not give themselves to the materialism and infidelity which began to spread. Since the last worship of Apo Dios. They flock to threaten all religion; and can join heartily in many movements for moral report, according to which 105 Albert's class every Sunday and lis- reform. ten attentively. There are great 2. Cooperation among the different Balinese were baptized, the Chi- missionary societies. nese missionary of the Christian searchings of heart among them, and Alliance Mission, Rev. K. F. 3. The assumption of larger respon- eventually they will COIm:l for baptism. sibilities by mission~field churches. Repeatedly they come to ask if it is Tsang, has baptized 130 more. not possible for them to receive the 4. An increased emphasis on the other sacraments without that pre- practical application of the Gospel to It is reported that 300 more are liminary step. We do not urge them, the ills and needs of individuals and under instruction. This is lead- because I want them to come without society. The mission will present not ing to persecution and opposi- fear in their hearts, and with full de- merely a program of social service but tion. But the inhabitants in ten termination to be good Christians. a dynamic of social reconstruction. One old man did come not long ago, 5. The presentation of Christ as the villages have resolved to follow and he is most devout and happy. He supreme objective in all mission ef- was one of the leaders of the old re- forts. With charity, and with cour- Christ, have broken their idols ligion, and I noticed this morning that tesy and conviction missionaries will in pieces and are refusing to ad- here further to the idolatry of he was among the most reverent of continue to present by word and deed the Hindu temples. These Chris- all those receiving communion. He the exclusive and universal claims of comes two or three week_days in addi- Him who says "And I, if I be lifted tians are not yet formally organ- tion to Sundays. At Sagada more up, will draw all men unto Me." ized but they have elected eight than 1,500 individuals had communion out of their numbers as elders, last year; at Tanulon, an,outstation, New Christian Standards or as the Malays call them, over 500 more; at Besao, which Mr. "Servants of the Church." These Rose is carrying during the mission- For many Chinese and Japelders are receiving special Bi- ary's absence on furlough, more than anese youth Christianity has ble instruction. another 500. meant the acceptance of new standards, new foundations for Dye Treatment for Leprosy Fiji School for Girls life. The Living Church tells of an American youth who per- A Methodist Mission School Dr. Gordon A. Ryrie, of the for Girls has been founded at suaded three young Chinese to Sungei Buloh Leper Colony in Muanikau in the Fiji Islands. visit Japan with him. During the Malay States, has obtained The School is said to have three two weeks they met young Japencouraging results in the use of objectives: Training Fijian fe- anese, individually or in groups, blue dye treatments for leprosy. male teachers; preparing Fijian and talked frankly about their Now comes a report from the girls for entrance into the Colo- countries' relations. Christians Chiengmai Leper Colony in Siam nial War Memorial Hospital to and non-Christians were conthat a spray of brilliant green be trained as nurses, and the tacted. Reports one of the dye has been helpful with cer- general education of Fijian girls visitors: tain leprous ulcers. "Several to make them worthy and ca- Everywhere we found the feeling deep ulcers have healed up en- pable mothers of the next gener- towards the Chinese friendly. One ation. In each objective, the re- person told me he had never seen hiS tirely after three applications," sults will be passed on to the (Japanese) student group so crushed writes the Superintendent, Mr. next generation. Fiji girls are as when they were told about the sit- J. Hugh McKean, "and every promising material on which to uation and feeling which the military one reports favorably. The Mis- action had created in China. The sion to Lepers believes that it is work. They have a reputation Chinese trio's frankness, poise and live much too soon to make any defi- for modesty and dignity, and are faith that God must have a way other not easily influenced by the cus- than armed conflict, if we would but nite statement, but is definitely find it together, will not soon be forhopeful about this spray. It has toms of other races. Yet they gotten.

Among a number of socialist Figures That Talk Strangers Within Our Gates theories now sweeping over The Golden Rule Foundation, Some 200,000 Portuguese are China and Japan is a proposal New York, has issued a chart settled in New England, chiefly for the establishment of experi- showing how Americans spend in Massachusetts and Rhode Ismental Christian communities to their money. In 1929, peak year land. They have come from the demonstrate on a small scale at of prosperity, $12,573,000,000 Azores, from Madeira, Cape first "the kind of economic and was spent for luxuries and semi- Verde and from Portugal. The social life which expresses our luxuries, while gifts to philan- Baptist Home Mission Society Christian faith in the practical thropy, including the church, has an aggressive and fruitful terms of a cooperative society. amounted to $2,450,720,000. Of evangelistic work among these These can be demonstration this last amount, only 40.7 per people. Four pastors and one centers and training ground for cent were gifts to the church for woman worker devote their full leaders in the revolutionary task its maintenance and various ac- time to the program. They, with of building the new China, the tivities, including missionary their assistants, have set as their new Japan and the new Amer- work at home and abroad. goal for this year an addition of ica." In 1930 there was a reduction five new members by baptism in the amount spent for luxuries into each of the existing congre- Results of Persecutions amounting to slightly less than gations. Already, new spiritual twenty per cent. The sharpest life is evidenced. New centers The Jewish Question is being decline was in money spent for are being opened, and the Gosdiscussed in all parts of the jewelry and gadgets, phono- pel is being carried into hunworld. Friends of Christ are graphs, confectionery and chew- dreds of additional homes. concerned in the effects which ing gum, instruments and music, will result from the persecutions, while narcotics and drinks, -Watchman-Examiner. expulsions and other distresses smoking, theaters and other befalling these ancient people. amusements nearly maintained A Presbyterian Protest Not only are the Jews today in- the high level of 1929, and the quiring into the truths of the amount spent for each of these Dr. William T. Ellis, world Gospel as never before, and look- three groups far exceeds gifts to traveler, author, journalist and ing to Jesus as the greatest Jew religion. -Alliance Weekly. Bible teacher, has sent out a docthat ever lived, but Christian ument, signed by over forty people are being reminded of "Too Much Time in Prayer" prominent Presbyterian laymen their debt to the Jew. The Nor- and women, testifying to their diskt Missions-Tidsskrift, which Bishop McKim, former Pre- confidence in the doctrinal loyhad an interesting article on Zin- siding Bishop of the Japanese alty and efficiency of the Preszendorf's attitude toward Jewish Church, tells of the Alaskan mis- byterian Board of Foreign ~is­ Missions, has in its last number sionary doctor, Grafton Burke: sions and its representatIves. a stimulating article by the late During the winter months an In- These names include Judge Bishop A. S. Poulsen on "The dian runner came to Dr. Burke Thomas F. Bailey of Hunting- Most Mysterious People in the with the word that a foreigner ton, W. P. Fraser of Pittsburgh, World," and promises for the was lying in the snow at a point Mrs. Wilton Merle-Smith of near future a number of articles some fifty miles away. Dr. New York, Mrs. J. Livingston on antiSemitism and missions. Burke at once harnessed his dog Taylor of Cleveland and W. H. team and set forth. He found T. Foster of South Dakota. They NORTH AMERICA the famous Arctic explorer, Stef- protest against the attacks on ansson, near death from double the Board by a group of "Funda- "Holy Money" pneumonia. The explorer recov- mentalists" who are making an ered, and, as he was leaving the effort to organize a new Presby- Dr. William Mayo, world fa- hospital, he said to Dr. Burke: terian Board of Foreign Mismous surgeon, speaking for him- "Money cannot repay what you sions. They testify to the high self and his equally famous have done for me. You have Christian character of the work brother Charles, said: saved my life. But I should like as they have seen it and the loy- to make one criticism. You alty of the missionaries to Christ The "holy money," as we call it, would accomplish more if you and His Gospel. must go back into the service of that did not spend so much time in humanity which paid it to us. If we religious work, and in prayer." Our Polish Neighbors can train five hundred pairs of hands, Dr. Burke replied: "If it had not we have helped to hand on the torch. been for prayer I should not be Forty years ago the American From 1894 onward we have never used here, this hospital would not Baptist Home Mission Society more than half of our incomes on our- have been here, and you would started the first Polish Mission selves and our families; latterly much be lying dead in the snow." in Buffalo, N. Y. From this beless. My brother and I have both put ginning there arose, gradu~l.ly, ourselves on salaries. We live within -The Living Church. missions in all the larger CItIes them. My house is turned over to t~e of the United States, with aid Foundation. I wouldn't want my ChIl- from this Society. German Bapdren deprived of the fun and benefit of wanting something, and going out to fight for it.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tists opened their Seminary in induce Negroes whose member- bled and swore. I wasted my wages in wickedness, and my family was Rochester, in order that Polish ship is in the Methodist Episcopreachers who knew German, pal, Presbyterian, Congrega- often in want. My little girl came but very little English, might re- tional and Episcopal churches to here to church, and often urged me to come; but I was so bad I was ashamed ceive training. Later, the Home join with them, eventually form- to come. I didn't know how they might receive an evil man like me. But one Mission Society helped to estab- ing an organization to speak for day my little girl took me by the hand lish the International Seminary and brought me to church. I sat in in Chicago, with a Polish de- an overwhelming majority of the the back, afraid and ashamed. The partment. church members were all nice to me. 12,000,000 Negroes in the United States. The ad interim body At present there are twenty- formed to complete plans for the I liked what I saw and heard. I came again and again. Then one day I acfive Polish Baptist churches and Chicago convention is known as cepted Christ. He made a big change missions in the United States the "Voluntary Committee on in me. He took away my swearing, where the Gospel is preached, the Federation of Negro Reli- my smoking, all my drinking. I am a different man. I don't gamble and and children are brought up in gious Denominations in the waste my wages. I bring them home an atmosphere of the spirit of United States of America." to my family. The men I work with say "Sanchez, what kind of pills did Christ. There are about 2,000 -Christian Century. you take to cure yourself of drunkmembers in these churches, and ness?" I say to them: "I take no approximately the same number LATIN AMERICA pills. It is medicine from heaven." of children and young people. Puerto Rican Protestantism -Watchman-Examiner. -Joseph Rzepecki.

Heathen on the Prairies The evangelical movement in Reaping a Harvest Puerto Rico includes 276 organ- In 1893, Rev. Fred J. Peters, In a one-room prairie school- ized churches, with 24,000 mem- John Jarrett and Robert Stark, house in Cherry County, Nebras- bers, 559 Sunday schools, enroll- went from London as pioneer ing 45,000 pupils, 126 young peo- Protestant missionaries to Peru, ka, a teacher found, while pre- and in fourteen years, filled with paring a Christmas program, ple's societies, 114 other church discouragements and opposition, that the children did not even societies, 22 schools, including won 47 converts. In 1907 Mr. know of the birth of Christ, and Peters moved to the United kindergarten and graded schools, States to educate his children, had not the slightest conception two high schools, one college and but in 1909 he went to Cuba, of God. In some isolated sec- one theological seminary, three where five years of preaching tions of western, northwestern hospitals with about 200 beds won 500 converts. and southwestern parts of the and caring for 70,000 patients United States children are often III health compelled Mr. Pe- annually. The 276 churches of ters to return to the States in without the benefits of a Sunday all denominations contributed 1914, where he served as pastor school or of a church service. during 1932 more than $110,000, in Pennsgrove, N. J., until 1922, One teacher in Montana writes that their school is thirty-eight of which about $90,000 was for when he returned to Cuba. Since miles from any church, and that self-support and $21,000 for be- then eleven revival campaigns they have no Sunday school nor have resulted in 11,500 converpreaching in her community. nevolence. They use 235 church sions. buildings and 145 other build- The Bible Institute Colportage ings for related activities. Mrs·. Peters, with her singing, Association of Chicago, founded has helped in the work for by D. L. Moody in 1894, is mak- Ministers working under the thirty-five years; and their son ing an earnest effort to place Disciples of Christ in Puerto Claude, with his voice and Rico have voted unanimously to knowledge of piano, has contribgood Christian literature and request membership in the uted his talents since 1928. Scripture portions in the hands United Evangelical Church of of boys and girls in America's -So S. Times. pioneer homes. Puerto Rico, and their request was cordially accepted. Recently – William Norton. the fourth annual meeting was held in Yanco, P. R. A Baptist pastor expressed the hope that Unreached Indians Negro Federal Council the example of the Disciples William M. Strong, Jr., has re- might soon be followed by Bap- Leaders from the African tist churches and ministers, and cently gone to southern Chile to Methodist Episcopal, the Afri- a leading Puerto Rican of the can Methodist Episcopal Zion, take up work among the Indians. the National Baptist, and the Methodist denomination indi- Dr. Sadleir of the Anglican Church is a pioneer missionary Colored Methodist churches have cated great interest in the move- among the Indians of Chile, and ment. -Christian Century.

taken steps to form a Federal "Medicine from Heaven" has been named by them with Council of Negro Churches. A the honorary title of "Casique convention in Chicago next Au- A recently baptized Mexican, General" (Chief of the Tribes) gust will inaugurate this new a middle aged stone mason, told because of what he has succeeded body. The four denominations his story with a shining face: in obtaining from the Governalready participating claim 4,- 852,000 members. They hope to Si Senor, I was a bad hombre, a ment for the, Indian nations. very bad hombre. I drank and gam- Dr. Sadleir has had to discon-

tinue his activities because of his Montevideo Conference Wins 000 Protestants. It is significant age; and as he turned over these Victory that while seventy per cent of translations it seemed as if an Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, execu- the population of Brazil can old warrior was delivering his tive secretary of the Committee well-tried arms into the hands of on Cooperation in Latin Ameri- neither read nor write, among the young soldier who was about ca, says: the Protestants there are no ilto engage in the same cause in literates. The influence of Prot- estantism has been g rea t I y which he had labored and fought The work of the Montevideo Confer- strengthened in Brazil owing to for so many years. ence has been done. Its victory is as- the world Sunday School Con- sured. Pan Americanism has been gress at Rio de Janeiro in 1932, The Chilean Mapuche Indian, saved from the rocks toward which it attended by delegates of thirtywith but few exceptions does not was rapidly drifting. Every delega- live as a peon like his Bolivian tion voted in favor of the resolution three nations. The President of relative, but independently on against intervention, with the United the Republic and other high au- States approval, qualified only the in- thorities testified on that occasmall farms of a few acres each. terpretations of President Roosevelt's sion to the importance of the He forms no towns, but as each address on the Good Neighbor Policy holding is as a rule quite small, and the strong statement of Secretary work of the Protestant popula- Hull in the conference on the rights of it is easy to reach hundreds from States. tion, and since then the position a single center. At one point we of Protestantism in Brazil has had a most interesting time with Mohammedans in South considerably improved. a young Indian school teacher America -Christian Observer. who had been appointed by the Chilean Government to take There are about 30,000 Mo- EUROPE charge of the school which, with hammedans in Brazil. Originally Religious Awakening the dwelling, had been provided those who professed this faith by the Indians themselves with were African salves; but in re- In April, 1932, Chaplain Raytheir own labor and money. This cent years there has been im- mond C. Knox of Columbia Unischoolmaster had some time pre- migration from Syria. They live versity who was commissioned viously purchased a Bible from for the most part in Bahia, in by the University to undertake a Brother Bucher who had trav- Central Brazil and in the valley study of religious conditions in eled through that same way and of the Amazon. In Mafiaos, a Europe, visited England, Scotwe found that he was eagerly river port about a thousand land, Germany, France, Italy, reading it to his wife in their miles from the sea, a great deal Spain, Czecho Slovakia, Hunspare time. of literature in Arabic is being gary and Austria. Most of these "Indigenas" circulated. However it is said Dr. Knox found that condi- (they dislike the term "Indios") that comparatively few of the tions and problems vary greatly understand only "bread and but- Mohammedans there observe the in the different countries, but ter" Spanish. The vast majority holy times and rites of their re- that the relation between Church comprehend very little or not at ligion. A few of the slaves, and State is the one common facall, even the simplest Gospel probably Haussas, were forced tor. There were many indicamessage. All who do not know to accept Catholicism, but since tions of a widespread awaken- Spanish are illiterate and even their emancipation they have ing and deepening interest in most of those who do are. There- tried to get back to Moham- religion. This could not be measfore the only really effectual medanism. means of reaching them is by the ured in terms of church attendspoken word in their own language. In the Argentine the only Mo- ance, but where religion was re- lated to life, there one found peo- Next Thursday I am hoping to hammedans are Syrian Arabs ple intensely interested. A clarifind an ox-cart in Traiguen who have immigrated there; and fying, strengthening movement in Buenos Aires there is even a Pan-Islamic Union. in Protestantism is to be ob- headed for Galvarino to move me The number of all the Moham- served on the Continent as well and my belongings to a Mapuche medans has been variously esti- as in England and Scotland, and home just outside of Galvarino, mated as from 160,000 to 180,- Dr. Knox mentioned a few evi- 000. There is no specially or- dences: a town of two or three thousand, ganized work reported for the and without any Gospel light. I L A renewal of faith as a personal spread of the Gospel among religious experience. feel that the Lord may have at these people; but Bibles in least a temporary ministry for Arabic are being circulated, 2. A utilization of the results of bib- especially by the Immigrant lical scholarship. me there among the ChjJean people as well as among the Ma- Mission in Buenos Aires. 3. Faith is a central conviction and puches on the various surro'und- loyalty, and not a SUbscription to overing "reducciones." Twenty-four intellectualized formulas defining every aspect of religious belief.

hours spent with this Mapuche Protestantism in Brazil There is not, Dr. Knox befamily has proved what a few lieves, a deep realization of the weeks would do toward a knowl- According to the latest statis- need for unity among the major- edge of both themselves and tics, there are among the 42,000,- ity of religious people, habits of their language as well. 000 inhabitants of Brazil 1,000,- aloofness are too fixed, and the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

work of the leaders lags for lack donia, he met a shepherd who ligions make union among Chris- of popular support. spends his days with his sheep tians a matter of extreme im- -The Churchman. on the mountains, but who re- portance. With this in view, a turns to the village at night. group of Christian leaders in Protestantism in Austria During the war he came in con- Africa held a conference, both tact with a spiritually-minded historic and unique, at the C. M. Austria is a Catholic country, man who gave him a new vision with six and a half million in- S. station in Mvumi last Novemhabitants, of whom only 300,000 and a new purpose. Gradually ber, to discuss the possibility of are Protestants. A missionary, he has gathered a group of his union. Never before had the writing in World Dominion, friends around him for worship. participants met in conference, states that the Protestant Mr. Kayiayian was invited to go and no one knew what would Church of Austria is a growing happen with such diversity of church. Between 1914 and to that village and spoke to them spiritual ancestry, training and 1931, as many as thirty new con- twice at their request. He was outlook. It was agreed that comgregations were founded, while greatly impressed with the zeal municant members of any of the there was an increase of 65,000 and devotion of these simple… uniting churches should have the in the membership. This in- privileges and responsibilities of crease was due in the main to a minded folk. In a sense they are steady influx from the Roman self-contained. The world crisis communicant membership of the Catholic Church. and other international happen- United Church; no form of wor- ings do not affect them. The ship at present in use shall be truth had taken root and is bear- forbidden, and no new forms or ing fruit, like a pine tree on a Sunday Schools in Bulgaria mountainside with its unseen changes of accustomed form roots deep in the soil between shall be introduced into the wor- The Bulgarians are decidedly the rocks. ship of any congregation without a religious people. Hence a -Congregationalist. the consent of minister and con- church is found in .every village. Children's Books in Russia gregation. While no definite de- A large majority of the 5,766,000 cision was reached, there was a inhabitants belong to the East- Russia has become a leader in general feeling of approval of ern Orthodox Church. Moham- the production of books for chil- the idea of closer union among medanism claims some 600,000 dren. The Soviet program pro- the various branches of the' adherents largely comprising the Christian Church. motes education, and is banish- Turks, while the Roman Catho- ing illiteracy from Russia faster -Moravian Missions. lic Church has a following of than it is being banished in the 34,000. The Protestant Chris- U. S. A. At Leningrad a group What Retrenchment Means tian faith, brought to Bulgaria of some twenty specialists are Everywhere missionaries at seventy years ago, has been ac- engaged in writing about their the front are calling for help to cepted by over six thousand Bul- specialties for children, and in maintain the work committed togarians. Until a few years ago coaching other writers. The them. For example the Presiit was very difficult to organize dent of the American University group includes a sailor, a nat- at Cairo writes: Sunday schools. Isolated groups uralist, a fireman, an architect, were formed, but there was no a diver, a surveyor, a textile We have reduced our budget to the· connecting link. The World's lowest possible terms. One-third of Sunday S c h 0 0 I Association worker and two former "bezpri- the American staff has been released. sought a way to promote unifica- zornie," or homeless children. Five classes in the College Department. tion of this work, and now has a Emphasis is placed upon instruc- have been abolished. The budget has fully trained Bulgarian minister tive books which are expected to been cut from $133,000 to $80,000. Friends know the worth of the work who devotes full time to youth acquaint the child with the de- we have been carrying on at that most work. He gives his services tails of his world, industrial and strategic of all centers in the Moslem equally to all churches, organizes agricultural, domestic and social. world-Cairo. Thirty-five thousand Children's books are issued in dollars still remains to be raised benew Sunday schools wherever fore the close of the present financial opportunity offers, conducts editions of 50,000, 100,000, or year (June 15, 1934). 150,000, and they are always teacher training classes, ar- sold at a low price-at five, ten If you believe in the American Uniranges conferences, produces versity and the work which its staff is literature, and in every way pos- or twenty cents, as a rule. doing, let us know by taking some· Apostles of peace, temperance share. sible develops Christian teaching and training of youth. and social justice might pursue -Wm. Bancroft Hill.

the same methods with equal Shepherd Preacher skill and zeal. Dr. John Timothy Stone of -Christian Advocate. Chicago says: Mr. Kayiayian, t r a vel i n g I was impressed by the breadth and evangelist for the scattered AFRICA scope of the work, the far vision as to Armenians in Greece, comes in Steps Toward Union the future, and the constructive methcontact with many Turkish- ods used. After all, no short sighted speaking Greek refugees. While The needs of heathendom and vision or no quick m~thod can result in the strength of nonChristian re- a permanent influence on the risingon a three months' trip in Mace- generation of Islam. They must see

our faith as well as have it taught to Hurlbut of the Means School sion. Several years later, lying them, and I rejoice in not only the pur- writes: upon his death bed at Nzawi stapose but the method in meeting this tion, his last recorded words in difficult problem an dworking it out We were talking today with an his diary read, "Here am I, Lord, elder who is the leader in a Christian use me in life or in death." constructively. village, where many of the men work in railroad shops. He said that they The early chapters of this sta- Need for Books had school morning, noon and night. tion· are filled with deaths and The women came in the morning, the disasters. At one time there was Dr. K. Walter Todd who has children in the afternoon, and the men only one man left, in the midst recently visited the Ivory Coast at night after they had finished their of famine and disease; and not investigating the possibility of day's work. We said, "But it is plant- at any time have there been ing time. How can the women go to more than a few groups of praymedical work writes of the mar- school in the morning?" ing friends and individuals who were interested in it, yet today ket for books: He said, "Well it's this way. One the A. 1. M. is operating in five of the women gets up before daylight strategically located fields in African culture, except in the north, and rings the bell. Then the teacher East and Central Africa, includdid not develop writing. This was not and the other women get up, and they ing Tanganyika, Kenya. Congo for lack of ability, nor for lack of in- take with them the few lanterns they BeIge, Uganda and French Equaterest in the kind of things that are can find, and go to school until 8. torial Africa. In all. there are put into print. Africans had some- Then they go to the fields." about fifty main stations, with thing in its place, a system of drum- approximately 200 missionaries. ming by which not only current af- -Missionary Herald. Primary schools are largely for fairS; storm warnings and music could the purpose of teaching the nabe broadcast; but also poetry, history Her Thank Offering tive to read the Word of God; and religious exercises. Lack of in- and the training schools turn out tercourse with races using a written The Congo Mission News tells pastors and evangelists. language, not lack of brains or inven- the story of a widow whose hustive ability, prevented them from de- band left her neither an insur- -Inland Africa. -veloping a script. We do not find ance policy nor stocks and African people educated like many bonds; there are none such in WESTERN ASIA priests in Asia to read whatever may Congo-land. Her only means of be printed, but many are intelligent support is a tiny field five miles Missions to Jews in Palestine enough to learn to read in a very short distant, which she has to till time. with a hoe, as there are no plows In the Jewish Dail1/ Bulletin in this country. She gets up with for November 19th, we read of The increasing number of good the first tinge of light in the "the danger of Christian misroads is an asset to the book salesman. east, makes ready to go to that sionary activity in Palestine … tiny field, her hoe in her basket The situation calls for immediate -The Presbyterian. and her basket on her head, but action if the future of Jewish she does not cross the threshold education in Palestine is to be Kikuyu Women until she has had a word with saved." the Master; and then as she Rev. J. Comely, C. M. S. work- journeys on her way, she stops AccordinQ" to the report sub- ·er in Embu, sees need for a bal- at the little church and joins in mitted bv Miss Szold. American :ance wheel in education. He says the morning prayer service, then Hadassah leader on behalf of the that the key to real progress lies away to work until well past Palestine N:ltional Council, 800 midday. She cannot read, yet .Tewish children are attendingwith the women, and until they she is a faithful auxiliary mem- Christian schools, which are allearn to read they are at great ber. Not content with giving most all conducted by missiondisadvantage. her talent, she keeps up her aries. where various methods are weekly pledge to the church. Re- adopted to attract Jewish chil- At present the Kikuyu women in centlya little bundle of bills was dren. including free tuition, general are not fit helpmates for the found in the collection plate with clothin~ and even gifts. On the a tiny scrawl on a soiled bit of other hand. the Jewish schools, men. Education, which races ahead of paper, and no one would have with twenty-five thousand pu- known who made this gift had pils. are not only unable to offer experience, leads the men to add new not someone else written for her, attradions. bllt do not have even and he remembered it later. suitable school premises. burdens to their women folk. They A. I. M. in Ten Decades The number of Jewish girls want the gardens cultivated as of old who attend the Christian schools N ear I y forty years have is far larger than that of Jewish and also an increased amount of com- passed since the first group of boys for many reli~ious Jews are fort in the home; as a result the wom- eight workers for the Africa In- willing to send their daug-hters land Mission landed at Mombasa, to girls' schools conducted by en are discouraged; they have less East Africa. The leader of the missionaries. rather than to the party was Peter Cameron Scott, coeducational Jewish schools. chance than ever; open ruptures take to whom belongs the honor of founding the Africa Inland Misplace and the men are discredited in their own eyes and in those of their neighbors. The women must be able to rise to self-respect, and the Gospel has ever been the raiser of women.

But Kikuyu women are the victims of -their system; they are generally "slow in the uptake," and they need patient, persevering, prayerful effort to bring them on in the knowledge of the Scriptures. -c. M. S. Outlook.

What Price Education?

Christian converts of Dondi, West Africa are living up to their proverb, Ka ci vala, ka ci nganyala (If it doesn't hurt it 'isn't worth while). Miss Mary

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information C. T. Studd, Cricketeer and Pioneer, In 1910 he started on what his called at college, was weak in By Norman P. Grubb. 8 vo. 256 biographer calls "the greatest bodily presence but a giant in pages. 3s. 6d. Religious Tract So- venture of all," in establishing a things of the spirit. The Pres- ciety. London. 1933. new mission in the heart of Af- byterian Church in Nova Scotia, rica. For twenty-one years, with with but 30 congregations and The jacket of this book cor- the devotion of a saint, apostle 5000 members had the glorious and martyr, he gave himself in distinction of being the first rectly describes it as the "Story faith and love and utter dedica- Church in a British Dominion tion to this work separated, with responsible for sending a misof 'C. T.,' the famous cricketer, the exception of but brief visits, sionary to the heathen. In the from his wife at home in Eng- Church in Aneityum, erected by one of the best all round players land. Christianized savages, a tablet to Geddie's memory bears the that the game has produced, who The principle of his life was now famous tribute: to give away all that he had and renounced wealth and position to trust God to provide whateve-r When he landed in 1848 to answer the Call, facing a life he needed for himself and his There were no Christians here, of hardship and danger with family and his work. There will When he left in 1872 courage, self denial and endur- be different views as to his the- There were no heathen. ance, first of all in China and ology and his economics but then in the very heart of Africa, there can be none as to his cour- Graphic stories are told of the pioneering for God." age, his single-mindedness, his great home missionaries wh() consuming love for Christ and blazed the trail in Western Can- Charles Studd was one of the passion for souls. ada: John Black, the prairie pithree sons of a retired Indian oneer to the Selkirk Settlement planter who was converted un- ROBERT E. SPEER. in the Red River; James Nesbit, der D. L. Moody's preaching in the first herald to the Redman; England in 1877. One of the They Went Forth. By John McNab, James McGregor, the religious sons, a devoted Christian, is now 210 pp. Paper $1.00, cloth $1.50. coureur de bois of Nova Scotia, Sir Kyneston Studd, recently McClelland & Stewart, Ltd. Toron- who organized the first Bible So- Lord Mayor of London. Another to. 1933. ciety in Canada; James Robertsson, George, was for many years ton, that great prospector of in Christian work in Los An- This challenging and inspir- souls in the wide spaces of Westgeles. The three were in their ing book is written by the min- ern Canada. In lands beyond early years among the best crick- ister of High Park Presbyterian the sea we learn how Formosa eters in Cambridge and C. T. Church, Toronto, and is dedi- called to George Leslie Mackay; was the best all round amateur cated to the Rev. Robert James China and Manchuria to J onacricketer in Great Britain. Porter, D.D., Belfast, Ireland, who inspired twenty-one young than Goforth; Central India tv He and Stanley Smith were men in his congregation to go the leaders of the Cambridge forth as ambassadors of the John Wilkie; Labrador and lat- Band of seven men who went to Kingdom of God. It contains ten er Korea to W. J. McKenzie; China under the C. 1. M. in 1885, well written sketches of the mis- Japan to Caroline Macdonaldafter shaking the universities of sionaries of the Presbyterian that famous "prisoner reformer" Great Britain and launching one Church in Canada. The daring and the greatest missionary of the greatest Christian move- of these heroes and heroines put stateswoman of her generation ments among students in the his- iron into the blood through the -lovingly named by the Japatory of the Christian Church. It mere reading of them and should nese "The White Angel of Towas this influence which led to thrill everyone, irrespective of kio." The stories of these truly Prof. Drummond's work among country, creed or color, who is heroic group of adventurous amstudents both in Great Britain interested in the extension of the bassadors for Christ are calcuand in America. After ten years Kingdom of Christ and the bet- lated to give young people a new in China Studd returned to Eng- terment of humanity. missionary zeal and respect for land in 1894. In 1896-7 he the Church and country which worked among the colleges and The hero of the South Seas, can produce such heroes and universities in the United States "Little John Geddie" as he was and then in 1900 went to South heroines. MAMIE C. G. FRASER. South India where for six years he was pastor of the Union Church at Oatacomund.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent bY' the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

205]

Light Out of Darkness. By Eleanor want to know this book well. folk will also be awarded by Ingle Pilson. Compiled by Sarah C. There are catchy verses for the Peet. 88 pp. Revell. New York. little tots like reading a worth-while story that gives an inside view of some 1933. Our baby boy is sweet and fat, phases of Chinese life, with On his head is a gold embroidered hat, glimpses of Confucian philos- As a young woman Miss Pil- A gold neck chain with a golden charm ophy, methods of child training son had been longing and reach- And a silver bracelet around his arm. and economic conditions. The ing out for something that would better types of peasants and al'- give her a reason for things that There are alluring bits of tisans are presented, without are, but she had not recognized hominess and conundrums of ev- close-ups of the more sordid Christ as her own personal Sav- eryday items-can you guess? classes. The story is charmingly iour, until as a reporter at the told and is a good antedote to meetings of the Y. W. C. A. held A small, white room, and a dull red some other recent novels of Chiin Asheville, in 1905, she ac- screen, nese character and life. Miss cepted Him. Her poems and Lewis does not mention Chriswritings show that she gave her- And wrapped inside a small white tianity or missions but she shows self wholly as "a living sacri- bean. (Peanut!) the courage, and sacrificial servfice." ice, the friendliness and influ~ There are also flashes of un- ence of medical missionaries in She says in one of her poems, derstanding human nature like Chunking. the rhyme entitled "The Loaf- At last I give to Thee mine all, er" : Doran's Ministel's Manual for 1934. My loves and hopes and fears. Compiled and edited by G. B. F. He wears his hat on the side of his Hallock. 684 pp. $2.00. Harpers. In September, 1905, she en- head, New York, 1933. tered Moody Bible Institute, where her keen mind with its And stares with a lordly look; wit and humor was a delight. He swaggers along with an insolent She avoided over-expression in tread And an empty pocketbook. spiritual things, but an individ- At sun up he enters the restaurant, uality peculiarly her own drew people to her. She felt the need And heartily eats his fill, The busy minister will find of And when he is through he doesn't practical help these sermon outof the foreign field, and in 1907 lines, various types of prayers, applied to the China Inland Mis- stay long, quotable poems, seed thoughts sion. In September of that year And he never pays his bill. for sermons, choice illustrations, Sunday-school I e s son helps, she sailed for China. Her work One is tempted to copy the Christian Endeavor Soc i e t y was in the cities and villages of whole book for it speaks to us of topics, and sermons for children. the deep experience of living, The manual is a storehouse of Honan, where there were no res- tinged with tragedy, rippling very valuable, inspiring and reident workers or Gospel halls. with humor, that has come out freshing suggestions and ma- of the orient. Dr. Headland's terials but like all manuals, it is Her article written in 1923, own insight into the elements of a snare to any whO have not "China-a Study in Arrested life and his gift of expression learned the difference between make him an ideal compiler of use and abuse. Development," shows how inade- such a collection. Surely these quate any religion must be that randum quotations have whetted R. C. WILLIAMSON. does not have an offering for sin. your appetite for more so that "Through faith in the atoning you are like sacrifice of Christ, and only by The beetle who said he had not had Juliette Derriootte. By Marion Culthat means, can any society be bert. 12 mo. 55 pp. 50 cents. his fill quickened by the vital force of And he wanted more, he was hungry still. The Woman's Press. New York, God's kingdom." "Social serv- . MARY W. HUMPHREY HADLEY. 1933. ice, then, which is not Christian Until I read this amazingly service can only repeat the fail- Young Fu of the Upper Yangtze. By revealing but all too short biogure of ·Confucianism in China." Elizabeth Forman Lewis. Illus- raphy I only knew about Juliette "To burn for Him without be- trated. 8 vo. 264 pages. $2.50. Derricotte. It mad e me so ing consumed, to live for Him John C. Winston Co. Philadelphia. eager to know more that I read ardently,yet exquisitely poised i1932. the story of her life at one sit- amongst the relations of life." A boy's life in West China in ting, absorbed to the exclusion the midst of bandits, soldiers, of all else. As I read, the past MRS. H. E. CHANDLER. communists, boatmen, trades- and the future of a whole race Chinese Rhyme,s for Children. By men, scholars, artisans – who seemed bound up in the life of Isaac Taylor Headland. Illus. 156 would not find such a story fas- this one talented Southern girl. pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. 1933. cinating? It has been awal!ded I rejoiced in her successes as she Another of Dr. Headland's the John Newberry Medal for went from college to college and charming books! For the delight "the most distinguished contri- across the waters. Her sense of of your children and for the bution to American literature for separation hurt me as it must sheer pleasure of entering inti- children." But it is even better have' hurt her, her courageous mately i n t 0 the humorous, adapted to adolescents than to buoyancy stirred me deeply, and friendly, understanding family children-the high school age more than ever her cause became life of the orient, you will surely will find it captivating. Mature my own.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The story is so beautifully light and power for his own life procession, and all come out vicwritten that the starkness of the and present-day problems. Many torious. The volume begins tragedy with which it closes all sentences may well be stored in with the Nestorian Christians, too suddenly is somewhat re- the memory and quoted, like the their origin and missionary eflieved in the telling. That one following: forts in Central Asia until the so gifted in leadership should be remnant of a nation, discovered cut off through an accident is to There are no short cuts in Bible by Layard, was almost annibe lamented. The tragedy lies study. The treasures of God's Word hilated in the world war and its in the fact that had it not been are revealed to those who will pay the aftermath. for race prejudice, which closed price in patient, careful study. the doors of a near-by hospital, Then follow stories of Carey, Juliette might have lived. For *** the shoemaker missionary in Inmy friend, for all her gifts, was, dia, of Patteson in the South in the hour of her extremity, Peace stands for harmony of life Seas, of the men of the Hayonly a Negro girl. I have not . . . No man can harmonize his life stack, and of the sailing of the in a long time read anything so with God and himself without at the Morning Star to the Sandwich well calculated to unite heart and same time adjusting his life to his fel- Islands. The introduction and mind in a rebellion against race lowmen. the list of juvenile missionary prejudice and the assumption of books suitable for further reada false superiority, although Have I given* my*sel*f to God in the ing are admirably suited for very little is said on the subject. class study in Sunday schools. "Juliette Derricotte" is a sig- same spirit of real surrender that nificant contribution to the lit- Christ showed when He gave Himself S. M. ZWEMER. erature of race appreciation. on the Cross for me? The Christian Experience of Life. S. FRANKLIN MACK. *** By J. Harry 'Cotton, Ph.D., D.D~ 160 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Educational Yearbook of the Inter- Paul's spiritual triumph (in the Co. New York. 1933. national Institute of Teachers' Col- seeming disaster of his imprisonment) Iege, for 1932. 497 pp. Bureau of restored the morale to a persecuted The pastor of the Broad Street Publications, Teachers' College, church. Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Columbia University. 1933. Ohio, was invited to give the lec- The Facts of Faith. By W. Graham tures in 1931-1932 on the Joseph This 9th yearbook surveys Scroggie. 12 mo. 191 pp. 2s. 6d. Cook Foundation "for the dethe relation of the State and Re- Pickering and Inglis, Glasgow. 1933. fense of Christianity in the ligious Education in the coun- Orient." They were delivered tries of the world. It shows a Dr. Scroggie is a well known in Syria, India, Siam, the Philipvast amount of investigation conservative Christian Bible pines, China, Korea and Japan, and teachers or friends of Re- teacher. His series of helpful before audiences of non-Chrisligious Education will find it a Gospel studies include· addresses tian students and university useful compendium. It is a on such topics as The Gospel, graduates, together with groups storehouse of information for The Christian; The Adequacy of national Christian workers any who wish to make a com- of Christ; What Is God Like? and missionaries. The eight parative study of education in Vital Godliness; Conquest by chapters discuss "The Nature of its religious aspects. The chap- Suffering. They are safe and Human Experience," "The Faith ters on the different countries sound and well presented-espe- Indispensable," "The Experience are written by those who are re- cially for young Christians. of God," "Jesus Christ As Lord," puted to be the best informed "The Cross of Christ," "Jesus educators in the various nations, Boys and Girls in China and Japan. and Mod ern Democracy," or who have had long contacts Illus. 8 vo. Is. The Highway Press, "Jesus the Liberator," and "The with natives of those lands. London. 1933. Christian Experience of Life." Dr. Cotton says that it was a JAMES F. RIGGS. These stories for primary revelation to see the readiness children give interesting glimns- and reverence with which the Helps to the Study of Philippians. es of Chinese children in the Oriental students received the By W. Wilson Cash. Paper. 89 pp. city and on the farm; Japanese lecture on the Cross. At the Is. Church Missionary Society. child life in the school and at close of the lecture in Madras, London. 1933. home. They are well written and the .Hindu chairman, a professor illustrated for those who are of philosophy in a Hindu uni- This excellent series of twen- just beginning to take an inter- versity, made this amazing ty-five brief studies in the Epis- est in other boys and girls. statement to the Hindu auditle of Paul to the Philippians ence: "We have been seeking is not an exhaustive or critical Go! Champions of Light. By Fran- for a fuller revelation of God. commentary but is illuminating, ces Jenkins Olcott. 226 pp. $1.75. We have expected that revelation definite, practical, spiritual. Any Revell. New York. in terms of overwhelming majone who follows them will not esty. We were not prepared for only get an insight into the mes- Here we have an attractive the revelation which came in the sage of God through the apostle series of stories by one of estabbut will find here spiritual food, lished reputation and who knows the mind of youth. Each of the four parts of the book is based on missionary history and biography and has clever illus- trations. The "Champions of Light" go through perils of waters, of robbers, of cannibals, of loneliness and death, a long

face of One, who for the sins of foundation principles of His by a staff of scientific experts the world was ready to bear the Kingdom. shame of the Cross." working in behalf of the Field Professor Taylor presents the This book presents the evan- principles clearly in their rela- Museum of Chicago. The vol- ·gelical Christian faith clearly, tion to industry and he gives an courteously and persuasively. It abundance of facts which should ume is an interesting narrative is an excellent one to put into the be taken into consideration in hands of young people in Amer- the adjustment of labor difficul- of travel in a little known region ica as well as in Asia. The clos- ties. Wage conditions are pering paragraph illustrates its fine plexing and agreement between of the world, and it is well illusspirit: capital, labor and consumer is difficult but adjustments must trated with pictures taken by We have been thinking together be made with a view to justice the expedition's staff photog- these days about the Christian ex- and the promotion of human perience of life. By now we see that welfare. The greatest difficul- raphers. A. J. B. this experience must center in Jesus ties are due to selfishness on the Christ. For He has made clear the one hand and to shiftlessness Every Day Tales from China. Illus. character and purpose of the Father and waste on the other. 8 vo. 60 pp. 1s. Church Missionso that men could never forget what ary Society, London. 1933. He said about God. He showed us the The place of women and chilfull meaning of the life of love, a life dren in industry shows great Nine tales from six authors that is at once our despair and our need for improvement – with make up this attractive little hope. He brought us the glorious tid- 55,000 in textile industries most- volume for juniors. They tell of ings of reconciliation with God. He ly in the Southern States at civil war and bandits, of school holds out hope for ultimate triumph wages from $5. to $10. a week. and home and rescue work. They over sin and evil. Through Him we It is not a modern problem for reveal adventure and heroism have hope in the life to come and so 100 years ago cotton mills in and Christian faith. The illusfind our present life transfigured with England employed 84,000 chil- trations are colored and characa radiant meaning. "This is life eter- dren under 18 years of age. teristically Chinese. nal (life abundant), that they should This employment of women and know Thee the only true God, and children is one of the causes of Heroes of the Cross. Four Series. Him whom thou didst send, even J e- unemployment of men-the natsus Christ." ARTHUR J. BROWN. ural wage earners for families. No. 1. David Livingstone, Robert Many executives are largely Moffat, Apolo and the Pig- ,Christianity and Industry in America. over paid while manual workers mies. By Alva W. Taylor. 12 mo. 212 are underpaid. pp. Reading list and Index. $1.00 No.2. Pandita Ram a b a i, Mary cloth, and 60 cents paper. Friend- For the solution of the prob- Slessor, Rasalama. ship Press. New York. 1988. lems Dr. Taylor recommends an awakening of the public con- No.3. William C. Burns, Gilmour Here is a mission study book science, a recognition of the of Mongolia; Hudson Tayby the Professor of Social Ethics rights of both labor and capital, lor. in Vanderbilt University, Nash- closer cooperation in place of ville, Tennessee. He is well conflict, arbitration in place of No.4. John Williams, James Chalknown and highly respected as retaliation and the promotion of mers, Charles Abel of a student of ethical and indus- a well informed and true Chris- Kwato. Illustrated. trial problems, is a clear thinker tian spirit of honesty, justice and writer. He recognizes the and brotherhood. 12 mo. !s. each. Marshall Mordifference between the simple gan and Scott. London. 1933. industrial life of the first cen- T:hree Kingdoms of Indo-China. By tury and the complex problems Harold J. Coolidge, Jr., and Theo- These short missionary biogof our machine age. Jesus did dore Roosevelt. 881 pp. $8.00. raphies for children and young not offer a detailed program for Crowell. New York. people tell stories of adventure the solution of the modern prob- in Africa, China and the South lems of slavery, prostitution, While this is not a book on Seas. The heroes and heroine's boo tie g gin g, intemperance, foreign missions, it is a book are all well known to adults and graft, racketeering, capital and about a great missionary field should be familiar to the coming labor problems and internation- and gives information about the generation. There is no special al strife. Jesus Christ presented scenery, climate, fauna, flora charm in the literary style but the truth and the Way of Life and people. Mr. Coolidge is as- the stories are worth reading for which, if accepted and lived, will sistant curator of animals in they describe the pioneering of transfer 0 u r relationships to the Museum of Comparative noble men and women in dark God and to our fellow men. The Zoology of Harvard University, corners of the earth. Though kingdom-or Gpd-ruled life- and Mr. Roosevelt was formerly some of the narratives are writwhich He presented, He also Governor-General of the Philip- ten in the first person the names made possible by a divine dy- pine Islands, and has a reputa- of the writers are not given. namic. Pur i t y, self-control, tion as a traveler and big game The low price of the books and truth, wisdom, love, sacrifice for hunter. They were accompanied their colored pictures make them the benefit of others, are the attractive for gifts.

"In our Mothers' Club we tried to better understand the little child and his religion. The plea of the teacher had been, to let the children learn of God and to love Him in a natural way, through acts of kindness and thanksgiving in their daily liv- ing. During the day we were all so conscious of His love and nearness to us."

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THE MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE APRIL NUMBER: The Finality of Jesus Christ ……………. , ……. , ………. Samuel M. Zwemer The Outlook for Islam in Turkey …………………………… Henry E. Allen Slavery in Arabia ……………………………………. Garrett E. De Jong Muhammad', Visions ……………………………….. . ….. Richard Bell Mormonism end Islam …………………………………….. Hans Thimme The Development of Islam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ……………. L. E. Browne AI Azhar through Chinese Spectacles …………………… , " George K. Harris Khalifa or Khaliqa ………… , ……… . ……………….. N.bih Amin Faris Current Topics …… Book Reviews…… Survey 01 Periodlca's SUBSCRIBE TODAY » « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 fifth Avenue Naw York City Single copies, SOc.; Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combindtion with the: REVIEW, $3.50 (Foreign postdge for Review, SOc. extr~) a,..' MARSHALL. MORGAN a SCOTT. tI PlIllIIIoliar Bulldlnll. LondOll Plleeln Brll'lIlI, Elshl Shllllna., 1111 Look for Our Special Numbers This year THE REVIEW plans two special numbers dealing with the study topics for 1934-5.

THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA The home mission topic is up to date and will be dealt with in our JUNE number and will include articles, illustrations and statistics concerning Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Filipinos and East Indians in America. Among these articles are the following; Who Are the OrientaJs in America-A. W. Palmer Intimate Glimpses of Chinese in America-PhilipF.Payne Oriental Views of American Life-Various Orientals OrientaJ Students in United States-Chas. D. Hurrey How Can We Undentand Orientals ?~-Chas. R. Shepherd Some Christian Orientals in America-Various Authors Outstanding Work for Orientals-Various Authors CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN, TODAY AND TOMORROW The foreign study topic is most timely and interesting and will occupy our October number. Among the subjects to be discussed there are the following: The Influence of Christianity in Japan-S. H.Wainright Some Outstanding Japanese Christiana-H. W. Myers Japan•••A Problem or a Challenge-Chas. W. Iglehart Present·Day Religion in Japan-A. K. Reischauer A Japanese View of Christian Missions-E. C. Hennigar Christ and the-Youth of Japaa-W. C. Lamott Order Your Copies in Advance-NOW! 25 Cents a Copy, $20.00 per hundred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING COMPANY Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1931

'MISSIONARY COMING

PERSONAL DR. LEWIS SEYMOUR MUDGE was elected Moderator at the recent meeting of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

DR. CARL S. PA'"TTO* N *was elected Mod- erator of the National Council of Congregational Churches at the annual meeting in Seattle.

DR. AND MRS. *F. I'". JO'" HNSON returned ~h008e early in July from their visit to the lIOU,. favo,.ite route a,,,l still ~~GO Orient. EMPRESS" DR. A. W. WILK*IE, '"well-known mis- Prefer the Honolulu Toute? Take the sionary of the West Coast of Africa, has new Empress of Japan, largest, fastest liner to been appointed Principal of Lovedale In- the Orient, or huge Empress of Canada. Constitute. For nearly twenty years Cal- nections with San Francisco and Los Angeles abar, made famous by Mary Slessor, was sailings. Quicker crossing? Take Empress of the scene of his labors, but since the War Russia or Empress of Asia, Direct Expre8. to he has had charge of the work on the Japan in 10 days. Both routes from Vancouver Gold Coast that was f(]rmerly carried on (trains direct to ship's side) and Victoria. by the Basel Mission. The great white Empress fleet offers the new ARCHBISHOP GR*EGO'"RIO'" AGLIPAY, of the "Empress" Tourist Cabin, spacious, comfortable ..• with true "Empress" cuisine ••• "of·the· Independent Filipino Church, is visiting Orient" service. Luxurious First Class, too. Also the United States in company with sev- a noted Third Cahin. eral prominent Filipinos. Independent travel.touring round-the-world BISHOP C. P. '"WA'"NG'"has been elected chairman of the National Council for China for two years. He succeeds Bishop Tsen, Protestant Episcopal.

FRED B. * ** moderat(]r of SMITH, recently the National Council of the Congrega- tional Churches of the United States still continues active in world peace promo- tion, education, citizenship and law-ob- servance movements. He was a "Y"

worker in two wars, returning in 1920 to become chairman of the executive com- mittee of the World Alliance for Inter- national Friendship, a movement that would use religion as the prime motive and force for gaining world peace. He is also the vigQrous national chairman of the Citizens' Committee of One Thousand for Law Observance and Enforcement.

MISS HELEN M* . *BRI'C" KMAN, Director and Orient conducted tours with Canadian Pacific veteran travel "know-how." of Indian Work in the Council of Women Information and rates, also reservations from for Home Missions, will serve as Acting your agent or Canadian Paci1ic: New York, Executive Secretary until her resigna- Chicago, Montreal and 32 other cities in U. S. tion takes place in the late fall to be- and Canada. come General Secretary of the Women's Board of Domestic Missions of the Re- formed Church in America.

•** CANADIAN PACIFIC ….. TO THE MRS. ELLA A. BOOLE, president of the ORi£nr Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the United States, was elected presi- dent of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union. She succeeds Anna Adams Gordon, who was compelled by illness to relinquish the office after nine years' service, and who has since died.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TUlD WORLD in writioK to advertisers. REVIEW OF THE WORLD AugUst 18-23 – GENERAL CONFERENCE, SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCHES, DELAVAN L. Pn'RBoN, Editor Alfred, N. Y.

CONTENTS-August, 1931 August 22-29- UNIVERSAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL ON LIFE AND WORK, EXEC- Page UTIVE COMMITTEE, Cambridge, Eng- I1~RONTI8PIECE-MISSJONARIES AT LAKE· land.

V I L l.. E September 9-14-NATIONAL B APT I S T CONVENTION, Atlanta, Ga. 'l'HE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTAN'l'ISM …………….. . September 16-N A T ION A L COUNCIL, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ••.•..•…••..•. . JUAN OR'l'S GONZALEZ 565 Denver, Colo.

NEW LIBERTY IN NEW SPAIN …… . September 23-24-COMMITTEE OF REFER- ENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- ••••••••••••••••••. WAYNE H. BOWEHS 570 SIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMER- ICA, New York, N. Y. THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHI· NA IN 1931 …………. C. Y. CHENG 573 September 28-30-INTERPENOMINATION- AL MISSIONARY INS'J'ITUTE, conducted FORMING NEW MISSIONARY POLICIES by the Philadelphia Federation of A'!' LAKEVILLE ………. THE EDITOR 579 Churches and the Women's Interde- n{)minational Union of Philadelphia SHALL WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK? and Vicinity, Philadelphia, Pa. ………………. PAUL W. HARRISO~ 587 October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- WHY I LEFT ISLAM FOR CHRIST …. TION OF DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wich- ………… M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE 593 ita, Kan.

MRS. JO, "THE SUICIDE DOCTOR" OF November 15 – AN INTERDENOMINA- JAPAN ……………. MAYME MOORE 591 TIONAL MEETING OF MEN 'J'O COM- MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH AN- "DO YOU LOVE' YOURSELF" …….. . NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT. ••••••••.•••.•.. WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS 5U9 Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York. SIAM, 'l'HE SURPRISING KINGDOM … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 601 OBITUARIES A CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICIER ….. . THE REV. DR. JOHN AIlNER MARQUIS, D.D., former moderator of the General ……………….••…. THE EDITOR 603 Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, also formerly president of Coe College, TH~J PLIGHT OF RUSSIAN CHRTS· Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and for seven years TIANS ……………… "………. 608 Executive Secretary of the Board of Na- tional Missions of the Presbyterian MOTION PICTURI~S AND FOREIGN MIS· Church, died at the Presbyterian Hos- SIONS ……….. JAMES '1'OOKER FORD 611 pital, New York, on July 5th.

METHODS FOR WORKERS ………. . Dr. Marquis suffered a stroke of par- . . . . . . . .EDITED BY MRS. F. l. JOHNSON 613 alysis two years ago and retired in 1930 as secretary of the Board of National WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL· Missions. LETIN ………………………. 615 Dr. Marquis was born in Dinsmore, WORLD·WIDE OU'l'LOOK …………. 621 Pa., Dec. 27, 1861, a son of James T. and BOOKS WORTH READING ………… 637 Mary C. Bucher Marquis. He was grad- uated from Washington and Jefferson TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of College, which gave him the honorary five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, degree of LL.D. in 1910. He was grad- 25 cents. published monthly. Copyrighted, uated from Western Theol{)gical Semi- 1931, by :aIrs-srONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- nary and in 1891 he became associate PANY, INC. All rights reserved. pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Greensburg, Pa. In 1919 Dr. Mar- 1'HE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING quis made a missi{)nary journey to Alas- COMPANY, INC. ka as General Secretary of the Presby- terian Board of Home Missions, in which ROBIlRT E. SPEER.J President position he served from 1917 until 1923. VILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vicc-Prcs'ident He became Executive Secretary of the Board of National Missions at its forma- DBLAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary tion in 1923. Dr. Marquis was greatly WALTER McDouGALr., Treasurer loved and honored in his ability and Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Christian character. Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, (Concluded on Third Cover.) New York City Entered as seeond·elass matter at the P08t Oftlce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. I _• KOREA LET YOUR GIFT LAND of the DAWN to Foreign Missions By Dr. James Dale Van Buskirk PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME SeveTance &~ft::M~ti~;::~~Seoul. Kurea You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- A new day has come to Korea,and Christians must sions and have a needed income for yourself develop not only the country itself but the character and others from the money you give by the of the people.

Annuity Gift Plan This able author explains present conditions and shows the Christian task in relation to the whole sit- This plan relieves you of uncertainty and uation in Korea today. To help accomplish his end, worry caused by changing values of invested the author gives us fascinating sidelights on old funds and assures you a fixed income of Korea •. Rnd on the customs and life of the people today. A splendid book for general information and 4t% to 9% per year also as a study book for groups.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS Rev. William I. Chamberlain. D.D., President Mr. Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Vice Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice President Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., Field Secretary Dr. William' B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan, Rec. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. William Borden Mrs. James M. Montgomery Dr. Robert 'W. Searle Dr. James Cantine. Cor. Sec. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennell P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City.

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LIV, No.8 August

THE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTANTISM BY DR. JUAN ORTS GONZALEZ, New York Editor oj uLa Nueva DcmoVYacia."

T HE editors of some New Church, is more responsible for this York dailies have taken this mob uprising than anything else. It new Spanish republic as a undoubtedly provoked the whole situakind of joke, similar to the first re- tion. public of 1873-74 which lasted a little more than a year and in that "We are not against the churches short time had four presidents and or the priests," said a sober Spansix cabinets. Some of the leading ish workingman. "We respect the facts which led to the establish- places of worship. But Cardinal ment of this second republic may Segura must be shown that he can- not interfere in politics. He must be of interest. keep his hands off the Republic." The republic of 1873-74 was es- Notwithstanding the fact that tablished by a few politicians but more than forty convents, monashad no root in the people of Spain. teries and churches were burned, This second republic has come to no friars, nuns or priests were life by a plebiscite representing all killed and only one or two of them regions, in an orderly and peaceful were slightly hurt by the crowd. election. More than ninety per In a similar uprising in 1834, more cent of the qualified voters went to than two hundred friars were killed the poles and, even in the district in Madrid alone. where the Royal Palace is located and in Toledo, where the ecclesias- Effects on Religious Liberty tics have such great influence, two- It is very improbable that the thirds voted for the Republic. present Spanish Republic will turn communistic. In the plebiscite the As to the recent mob uprising in two communist candidates in Mawhich many churches, convents drid received twelve votes each and and monasteries were burned, in Barcelona only a few hundreds. Senor de Madariaga says: The circular of the Segura, the The common classes of Spain are Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of very conservative, and because the Spain, in which he addressed the Cath- majority of workingmen have some olics of Spain and urged their support property, either a little house or a of candidates for public office who small piece of land, they abhor coro- would look out for the interests of the munism.

565

This new Spanish Republic of- an agreement between the nation fers to the Spanish Peninsula re- and Roma. At the same time he ligious freedom, separation of said that he expected the clergy to Church and State and full repre- bear in mind that Spain is no long- sentative government. The plebi- er a monarchy but a republic, and scite which established the Republic that they should behave as in other was made up of republicans and republican countries. The last en- socialists, both committed to the cyclical of the Pope condemning policies mentioned above. The first socialism, together with his in- decree of the provisional govern- structions to the Nuncio demand- ment with regard to religious free- ing indemnity for the church build- dom reads: ings burned, if insisted upon, will The provisional government makes compel the Republic to break rela- public its decision to respect most fully tions with Rome and to repeal the the individual conscience through free- Concordat.

dom of belief and worship, forbidding Senor Fernando de los Rios also the State on any occasion to ask of any gave to religious tolerance an irtcitizen to declare his religious convic- terpretation so wide as to mean altions. most complete religious freedom, The right-hand, and probably the the policy advocated by Prime Min- head of the present Republic, the ister Canalejas before he was as- Secretary of Justice (El Ministro sassinated. The true significance de Gracia y Justicia), Senor Fern- of this new interpretation can be ando de los Rios, in his latest books grasped only when one takes into El Sentido Humanista del Social- account the fact that until now re- ismo (The Humanistic Aspect of ligious tolerance has meant to the Socialism) and Religion y Estado Roman Catholic Church and the en la Espaiia del Siglo XVI (Re- conservative monarchists t hat ligion and the State in Spain in the Protestants could have no sign Sixteenth Century), outlines the whatsoever outside their churches same policies for Spain and dep- or chapels to indicate that there reciates the union of Church and was a Protestant center; no bells State and the endorsement of the to ring, not even a door opening on decrees of the Council of Trent as the public street. In the last years laws binding to Spain and Spanish of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, colonies. He has been very fair in even the Protestant house meetings his appreciation of the Reforma- were suppressed in many towns be- tion and its implications as well as cause the mayors and governors of the implications of the Counter- considered such acts as public.

Reformation. Senor Fernando de los Rios took The plebiscite binds the Republic a further step. He secularized pub- to await the formation of Congress, lic cemeteries and burial places. It the only legislative and legal body has been very humiliating for Prot- capable of applying such policies in estants not to be able to bury their full. For that reason, Senor de dead in the public cemeteries, hav- los Rios, in his first interview with ing to use small adjoining places the Papal Nuncio in Madrid, de- where beasts and unbelievers were clared that the Republic would buried.

maintain the Concordat of 1851 When the Secretary of Justice until Congress decides otherwise as learned that the Roman Catholic

THE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTANTISM

Primate of Spain criticized the Re- ther and expel such religious orpublic from the pulpit, he sent word ders as are illegally established in to the Nuncio (the Spanish title of Spain. Until they were closed there the Ambassador of the Pope in Ma- were in Spain about five thousand drid) that either the Pope should convents and monasteries for friars and nuns. The friars and nuns have now left Spain or are living with their relatives or friends. It is the general opinion that those monas- teries and convents will not be opened before Congress meets, and that then they may be closed for- ever.

The Concordat, which is the only legal basis for admitting such or- ders, specifies that only three dif- ferent religious orders could be al- lowed legal existence in Spain and in some exceptional cases a fourth. Today there are more than one hundred and fifty different Roman Catholic religious orders in Spain.

A PROTESTANT CHURCH AND SCHOOL IN SPAIN punish the Primate or the govern- A CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL IN SPAIN ment would be compelled to discipline him. Several liberal governments have tried to reduce the religious orders The Secretary of Education has to three, but the Vatican has aldeclared that religious education ways protested and the ex-King shall not be compulsory in any gov- sided with the Vatican. ernment school, but it shall be given in primary schools when requested by parents. Until now the reverse has been the rule; religious education was compulsory, unless parents had their children excused. The Secretary of the Interior has ordered that no official of the government as such shall attend any religious service. The Secretary of VVar has stated that the soldiers are not compelled to attend Sunday mass, and that those who do attend shall go without arms.

Before Congress meets, the Republic will probably go even fur-

The most hated religious order is :Bearing on Latin America that of the Jesuits. The burning in But the greatest influence of the Madrid started by setting on fire new Republic will be in Latin the three Jesuit centers, the crowds America. So far all the great camthat set them on fire passing by paigns of the Roman Catholic Church to check Protestantism in many other convents and monas- Latin America and to present Protteries without attempting any estantism as something antithetic harm. It is reported by reliable to and destructive of the religion press correspondents that the Republic is considering the suppres- and culture of the Spanish-speaksion of the Jesuit Society in Spain ing countries, have been conducted and exiling its members. In the with the support of the five or six three religious orders named in the millions of Spaniards who are liv- Concordat, the Jesuits are not men- ing today in Latin America, and tioned. Their legal position can be established only as one of the cases who are aided by a few lecturers of that fourth exception. and writers from Spain.

In the national elections on June When the first Protestant Con- 28th, the conservative republicans gress on Christian Work in Latin and socialists obtained an over- America met in Panama in 1916, it was the Jesuit Spanish maga- zine, Razon y Fe, which pointed out whelming majority; only half a to Catholics the danger and peril dozen monarchists were elected, no (as they say) of Protestant propa- communist having thus far been ganda. When, afterwards, Protes- named. tant forces met in Montevideo in The Effect on the Protestants 1924, it was a group of Spaniards that published a big volume, Vio- The immediate effect on the Prot- lando la Clausum, to discredit the estant Church of Spain will be Protestant work. A prominent a greater publicity and a new life. Spanish Jesuit lecturer was also Emblems of Protestantism can now sent around to give lectures about be put on places of worship, with the Roman Catholic Church as op- permission of the government; posed to Protestant Christianity.

public manifestations and acts of Between the Protestant Congress- es in Panama and Montevideo, a worship can also take place. Spanish delegation, headed by a Spanish cardinal, Benlloch, visited Almost all the members of the several Spanish republics to warn Protestant churches are republic- them against Protestantism and to ans or socialists and Spanish social- coordinate the Catholic forces ism is more conservative than the against Protestant propaganda. Labor Party of England. Many leading socialists today, who oc- When Protestants gathered in cupy high positions in the present Havana in 1929, it was Spaniards government, have been for a long who, through La Revista Cat6lica time sympathizers with Protes- (published by Spanish Jesuits in tantism. It is not necessary to be a North America), Razon y Fe (pubprophet or the son of a prophet to lished by Jesuits in Madrid) and foresee that Spanish Protestant- through special lecturers, made ism will now receive fresh impetus great efforts to check the Protesand new life. tant influence and work.

The influence of the Republic in where, in the last analysis, something Spain, committed to religious free- external? Is not all substance, in the dom and separation of Church and last analysis, eternally the same? It is, State, will cause Spaniards in Latin above all, as a model of essential sub- America as well as in Spain to re- stance that Spain means something to act in favor of religious freedom. a Europe which takes such delight in change. In any case, it is only as sub- There have been only a few na- stance becomes reality that Spain has tional leaders in Latin America a European future of a new kind. who have sympathized with Prot- Not for nothing did the new rise of estantism, but now many Span- Spain-for she is incontrovertibly on iards will join them in their sym- the rise again-begin with the close of pathy. the age of progress. Thus may she, as essence, forever remain what she has World-Wide Significance always been.

We hope for even greater things. Later in his lectures in Latin We believe that in God's providence America, Madrid, Paris and Berlin, the hour is coming when, in the he stated that the era of machinery great crisis which the Christian is coming to an end; and that a Church is facing, the Spanish- and new era is looming in which the Portuguese-speaking countries, of Iberian people (men of Spain, Porboth Europe and Latin America, tugal, Brazil and other Spanishwill help to' give a fresh interpreta- speaking countries) will be the tion to Christianity. leaders, and personality and indi- viduality will take the place of ma- The real issue today is between chinery and standardization. the destruction of personality and individuality by such forces as I have not been surprised to read Bolshevism, communism, material- in the April issue of The World ism, industrialism, commercialism, Evangelization, the following: and standardization of life, on the one hand, and, on the other, the Count Keyserling, the eminent phipreservation of personality, indi- losopher and writer, recently said, "I viduality and religion which always prophesy that an Iberian period will have been the great ideals of the follow the North American one which Iberian peoples. we are witnessing. All that is most important for the future of humanity When Keyserling wrote his book is to be expected from Spaqish Amer- "Europe," he said of Spain: ica, which is ripening, and from Spain which is arising. Such a cultural cycle It has always been the same Span- is endowed with all the qualities necesiard: the Spaniard who, in primeval sary to supplement or overpower the times, created the glorious rock monu- onesidedness of North America, leanments; who, as Roman emperor, more ing, as she does, towards the mechanthan once ruled the world; who con- ical and technical without taking into quered the New World; who painted account the true meaning of human the great portraits; who fought for existence." If there is a grain of truth the faith; and who once more today, in these words of the distinguished through the lips of Miguel de Una- author of "Europe and America Set muno, proclaims with magnificent bias Free," they surely lay upon Evanthe gospel of tragedy and of agony. gelical Christians of this generation And when we bear in mind that very who appreciate their responsibilities few peoples have pa,ssed through so towards Christ and towards their felmany racial changes as those of the lowmen, obligations which cannot Iberian peninsula, we are compelled to lightly be discharged. ask ourselves: Is not change every-

LIBERTY IN NEW

BY WAYNE H. BOWERS, Woodstock, Va.

T HE following decree on reli- Article 2. No one, whatever may be gion has been promulgated by his connection with the State, is Alcala Zamora, president of obliged to take part in religious festi- the Spanish Republic, with the con- vals, ceremonies, practices and ob- sent of the cabinet, and on the pro- servances. posal of Fernando de los Rios, Min- Article 3. All confessions are auister of "Justice," the department thorized to maintain their services, to which religious matters belong. both in private and in public, without A preamble refers to the alliance aanrey iomthpeorselidmbityattihoensruthleasn athnodsethwe hliacwh of the monarchy and Roman Ca- of public order.

tholicism, which in former years has reduced attempts to better the Nobody familiar with conditions in catholic countries during past condition of dissenting faiths to the years win fail to note the overobtaining of "mere tolerance." The preamble disclaims any desire on whelming importance of these simthe part of the new government to ple articles. They will remove anwound the religious sensibilities of noyances and difficulties for those followers of Roman Catholicism, seeking "civil" marriage whether but asserts its desire to make all or not there is to be an evangelical confessions equal before the law. service afterwards. They will pro- It refers to the fact that religious tect evangelical recruits in the liberty is a fundamental article of army from annoyances. They will the Society of Nations; that it is protect both privates and officers in safeguarded in the constitutions of the army and navy who may not prevailingly Catholic countries, desire to attend the open-air such as Ireland, Poland and Bohe- masses which have heretofore been mia; that even Spain has hitherto obligatory. They will tend to immaintained, in Morocco, a regime prove conditions in the public of complete religious liberty far su- schools for children of evangelical perior to that which has existed families, who have been discrimiwithin Spain herself; and that Ro- nated against ever since a public man Catholicism always claims lib- school system has been in existerty for herself in lands where she ence. They will permit advertising does not enjoy a position of su- of evangelical schools, services and places of worship, both in the press premacy. Mter this preamble, in dignified and by means of placards or other and beautiful Spanish, come the permanent announcements on the outer walls of churches, schools and following articles: other centers of Protestant activ- Article 1. No one, in any act of ity. service, or because of any relation with the State, is obliged to declare his reli- Above all, this decree marks the gion. Therefore both civil and mili- disappearance of the unendurable situation in which evangelical work ~ary.officials will abstain from making mqUlry regarding the religious beliefs has found itself, due to the clause winhicthhereCadosn:sti"tNutoiopnu, blAicrtmicanleife1s1~ of whoever may appear before them or may be subordinate to them.

570 tation of dissenting faiths will be clared members, would at once be allowed." That clause left it to the freed from the stigma of "heresy" personal judgment of officials, who which has weighed so heavily might be and almost always were against it for centuries, and would hostile, to determine what sort of a surely make considerable gains in thing was "public." For instance, the near future. a meeting held in a private home, attended by a small number of peo- As indicating the extent of the ple, but whose singing was audible abuses. which have grown up under to persons passing along the side- the old system of an official church, walk in front of the house, was held mention might be made of a custom to be a "public" manifestation of a whereby certain images of the Virdissenting religion, and heavy fines gin Mary, notably one called the were imposed by a hostile magis- "Pilarica" in the City of Zaragoza, trate under the control of the have been granted the rank of capclergy. All such danger is now re- tain-general in the Spanish army, moved. The way is opened also for together with the salary attached mass meetings in large rented halls to such an office, which salary has or theaters, and for open sale of been regularly paid out of the na- Bibles and other evangelical litera- tional treasury to the cathedral in ture, with abundant advertising which the image is kept. and without vexatious interfer- Alcala Zamora, the president, is ence. a sincere Catholic. He is, of course, It is confidently hoped that, as not a "regular" one, since to be Catholic and to be liberal at the soon as the new Congress is elected same time is a contradiction in and meets, complete separation of terms. He has been severely critichurch and State will be voted. cized for his leniency in dealing There will be sustained opposition with Cardenal Segura, Archbishop to this, but probably not sufficient of Toledo and ranking prelate in to prevent it. Spain, in merely banishing him from Spain for a sermon preached The direct and indirect results of in the cathedral, in which he openly such a separation are too numerous cursed the Republic, instead of jailto be discussed in this short article. ing him and prosecuting him for It might be indicated, however, disturbing the peace, as was done that in the first place, and in the to several generals recently. opinion of a number of her own leaders, the Roman Catholic Many conflicting statements have Church would gain in spirituality; been made with regard to the burnfrom really having to pay her ing of convents and churches a few priests out of her own pockets in- weeks after the establishment of stead of from the national treas- the republic. Photographs pubury; from being practically com- lished in Spanish papers indicate pelled to turn her attention from clearly that no violence was offered politics to religion; and from los- to inmates of the convents. On the ing a large number of adherents contrary, they were cared for, espewhose loyalty has been forced and cially the aged nuns, by crowds in unwilling. In addition to that re- the surrounding streets. There are sult evangelical Christianity, which some indications that the buildings even now has thousands of hidden were fired from within. sympathizers in addition to its de- Rev. Elias B. Marques, pastor of

a Protestant church at Santander, Interesting sidelights on the presunder the American Board, him- ent situation are these. The new self the son of a former pastor, a mayor of the City. of Zaragoza man who has recently turned down (150,000 inhabitants) is a former a flattering offer made him by lib- pupil of the Protestant day-school eral elements in that city to nomi- in that city and a friend and well nate and elect him a member of the wisher of evangelicals. The new mayor of San Sebastian (60,000) city council, writes as follows: is a republican lawyer who has on several occasions pleaded the cause It seems to be established that the of evangelicals in that strongly burning of the convents on May 11th was due to a maneuver of the mon- Jesuit city. The Secretary of the archists, in which the religious orders Treasury in the new cabinet, Inthemselves were complicated. It is dalecio Prieto, is a former pupil of possible that there is much truth in the evangelical schools in Bilbao (200,000), a close friend of a forthat, since many indications tend to mer pastor there, and for many corroborate the supposition. But it is years editor of the only really libalsQ undeniable that in the midst of it eral paper in that important indusall there was a sort of public feeling, trial city. As such he has written which the people wished to make very many articles and published many clear to the authorities, to the effect others written by evangelicals, inthat they were governing too gently. cluding the writer of this sketch, . . . I believe that the burning of the defending the rights and explainconvents and cathedrals marked an ele- ing the ideas of Protestants. This ment of deep discontent on the part of sort of thing, the occupying of imthe people with the tolerance and gen- portant positions by friends of tleness of the new government. Also it Protestantism, is going on all over should not be forgotten that there is the country. in the immense majority of the Spanish people an ardent desire, and a very It is to be hoped that, with greatold desire, that the religious orders ly increased facilities for popular (convents) should disappear, with the education under the new Spanish sole exception of such orders as are public school system, with greater "concordated." That is what the peo- contact with the outer world on the ple were expecting. And when they part of many intelligent Spaniards, saw that time was passing and nothing with the examples of Germany, was being done along that line, they Turkey and even China in republifelt defrauded in their hopes. Add to can achievements, with the abuses that the fact that the clericals became of the recent military dictatorship bolder and several bishops began to still fresh in the popular mind, speak openly against the republic and with a great majority supporting its "dangers," and that the government merely requested them to leave the Republic and with men of far Spain whereas the people would have greater ability and experience conpreferred that those bishops had been ducting it, the new regime may indicted and jailed, just as were sev- wisely and courageously maintain eral generals and politicians involved itself and give to the noble Spanish in the abuses of the former monarchy. nation a liberal government and The real "battle-horse" (point in bit- above all an atmosphere of genuine terest dispute) is the interests of the religious freedom which they have Roman Catholic Church. The people so long lacked. desire to see it separated from the State and very much limited in its political functions.

DR.' 'l' OYOHIKO KAGAWA AND DR. CHENG CHIN(l-YI TN

THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA IN 1931 * BY DR. C. Y. CHENG, Shanghai, China General Becr eta.ry oj the NuHmwl O'hrJ8tian Oouncil in Chi na- and- Moaf7ra·tor oJ the Church 0/ Ghrist in China A SPIRITUAL tug of war has awakening: to fall asleep again been and is still going on in or to become fully awake and alive China, as in the whole world, to all that is going on around.

between the Christian and the anti- Which is a truer picture of the Christian forces. Such a tug of Christian Church in China? Upon war has always been raging, but the answer to this question, one the present seems to have been can fairly determine the future of more severe and acute. The peace the Christian Church in China.

of the Church has been badly dis- Causes of Unrest. – Many eleturbed. It is not always a bad ments are responsible for this unthing to have one's peace dis- rest, elements both from within turbed. It often is a positive bless- and from without the Christian ing when one has been aroused Church. The Nationalistic Movefrom slumber. When a church is ment, the outcry against the sowell contented with itself, when called Unequal Treaties, the intelthere are signs of self-complacency, lectual and social awakening, the it is a blessing for the church to be restrictions imposed by the Govdisturbed and aroused. There are ernment upon Christian education, two possible results of such an are matters that have greatly dis- • Presr.nted at the BIennial Meeti ng of tb e turbed the peace of the Christian Natioll ll l ' Christian Council, Hnngchow, April 10·18, 193 1. Church. Within the Church itself, 573

there has been developed a critical China is emerging out of chaos, but attitude regarding many of the this new China does not seem to prom- ise much bright future to the propaga- Church's practices and traditions, tion of the Christian faith. On the especially by the younger elements contrary, Christianity is facing opof the Christian community. The position everywhere. The dream of a findings of the enlarged meeting "Christian Occupation of China" seems of the International Missionary to be fast vanishing, probably forever. Council held in Jerusalem in 1928, We must not forget that Chinese phifindings on the Christian Message, losophy began 2,500 year-s ago, with a on religious education and a num- Laotze who taught a naturalistic con- ber of other important subjects ception of the universe, and a Con- that have far-reaching significance fucius who was frankly an agnostic.

and effect; the launching of the This rationalistic and humanistic tra- Five Year Movement by the dition has always played the part of a churches throughout the country, liberator of a superstitious or fanatic which seeks for the deepening of religion. This cultural background of the spiritual life and the intensify- indigenous China is now revived with ing of the evangelistic spirit of all a new reinforcement of the methods who name the name of Jesus and conclusions of modern science and Christ; lately the Laymen's In- becomes a truly formidable safeguard of the intellectual class against the im- quiry which has sent experts as a position of any religious system whose Fact-Finding Commission to criti- fundamental dogmas, despite efforts cally and scientifically investigate of its apologist, do not always stand the work of missions in China with the test of reason and science; and a view to evaluate the worth of after all, Christianity itself is fighting modern mission methods; these its last battle even in the so-called and others have certainly been ele- Christendoms. People will realize that ments that have something to do young China was not far wrong in with the awakening of the Chris- offering some opposition to a religion tian Church. which in its glorious days fought re- ligious wars and persecuted science Christianity Challenged. – The and which, in the broad daylight of the opposing forces against Christian- twentieth century, prayed for the vic- ity in China have never been so tory 'Of the belligerent nations in the bold and positive in their denunci- World War, and is still persecuting the ations and criticisms. They make teaching of science in certain quarters no secret of what they think of of Christendom.

Christianity. They openly assert The spiritual tug of war will go that the Christian religion has no on without ceasing. Those opposed future in China. Let us reiterate to Jesus Christ have a right to their the words of the one who was opinion, though we do not accept largely responsible for the New their assertions. Our question is Thought Movement in China re- not what they but what we think, garding the future of Christianity say or believe about the future of in China. the Christian religion. If both our Many of the Protestant missionaries faith and experience make us abworked hard to awaken China and solutely convinced that in the end bring about a modern nation. China victory will be on the side of is now awakened and determined to Christ, we have to uphold that modernize itself. There is not the faith by sacrificial effort in His slightest doubt that a new and modern

THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA IN 1931

great work of salvation for the good effects. Notable mention may whole of mankind. be made of the famine relief work done by Christian people in China A Turning Point.-The past few years in the life of the Christian and abroad for the suffering mil- Movement in China have been lions in the northwest of China, eventful. For a time there was a specially Kansu, Shensi and Suispiritual depression that was felt yuan. far and wide. Many were uncertain of the future, and were dis- The visits of Dr. Kagawa, of heartened in the work; some have Japan, were an indication of the given up their Christian work, Church's interests in social welothers even renounced Christian- fare. This modern Christian saint ity. The Church was overwhelmed of the Orient visited Hangchow, by the onrush of opposition from Shanghai, Soochow, Tsinan and many quarters and representing Weihsien, where he met with great many interests. The anti-Christian crowds of both missionaries and Movement, the Communistic men- native workers who listened to his ace, the Nationalistic agitation, words. In this man of God one the New Thought Movement, the sees the happy combination of perstrained international relations, all have something to 9,0 with it. sonal religion and social passion. However, the spirit of dismay and It was certainly inspiring when he bewilderment has passed. Since then a changed attitude from in- declared the great truth that the ertia to activity has come over the Cross of Christ is the essence of Christian Church throughout the Christianity, the expression of country. The following points may God's love. Many left his meetings be regarded as signs of life in the more determined to work for the Christian Church during the past poor and needy.

two years. The N. C. C. Committee on Eco- Christian Nurture.-Evangelism nomic Relations has recently held an interesting conference to conand religious education have received much attention of Christian sider practical measures for helppeople throughout the land. There ing the economic conditions of the is an increased recognition of the Chinese people. Delegates came inseparableness of the two. Both from many cities to participate in native talents and special workers this gathering and went away from abroad have helped much in keener than before for the uplift direct evangelism. It would be im- of the common people. There are possible to enumerate these efforts. Suffice it to say effective work has a number of Christian or semibeen done in many churches for Christian organizations who are which we give thanks to God….. devoting their time and energy in facing some of the more urgent Social Consciousness.-It is grat- social problems, such as the Womifying to note that the Church en's Christian Temperance Union, has been kept busy during the past the Child Welfare Association, the two years in practical projects for National Anti-Opium Association the unfortunate and the suffering people. Many forms of applied re- and the Mass Education Movement are some of the representative orligion have been attempted with ganizations whose good work has aroused a good deal of public sym- pathy and admiration.

The Hope for the Future. – It

has been generally realized that a ception of the Chi~ese people bases big gap exists between the Church their national life upon the family.

and youth. Some would even say Unfortunately, to no small extent that there is a strong antagonism among Christians, the central po- between the two. While to a cer- sition has been shifted from the tain extent this is still true, one home to the Church. While no one is happy to note that a spirit of wishes to minimize the importance cooperation between Church and of the great Christian fellowship youth is gradually gaining ground. that we call the Church, it is still We are very happy for this new lamentable to weaken the position attitude which, if developed, will of the home. It is high time to enrich the life and work of both recover this great loss and realize parties in no small way. again that it is the home for the A group of Christian and gov- training of religious life of the ernment students recently signified young rather than either the their definite desire to cooperate Church or the school, however with the Christian Church in some great may be the services of these practical and definite projects. two important institutions.

Plans are being made for a joint In recent years there seems to summer conference in North China have awakened a new consciousness which will be the beginning of among the people of the impor- even greater cooperation in the tance of the home, and much days to come. thought and attention have been Provisions are being made for given to efforts for the Christiani- representative students and stu- zation of the home life of China.

dent leaders to have a definite The observance of a special Home share in the work of the Christian Week among Christian people, the Church so as to form a practical holding of a Leaders' Conference beginning which may later be to consider problems affecting the widened and enlarged until the home, the preparation and distri- youth finds his rightful place in the bution of literature in various affairs of the Christian Movement forms relating to problems of the in China. In like manner, some home have been universally re- church bodies have taken similar ceived with delight and enthusi- steps to usher in the practical coop- asm. In not a few of the Christian eration of the young men and periodicals special space has been women to take part in the impor- given to matters relating to the tant decisions in the Christian home. That in this endeavor we Movement. The decisions of the are touching one of the main Church of Christ in China in such springs of the life of China, is a matters may be taken as an illus- fact that can hardly be doubted.

tration of this new spirit and at- "Go to the People." – It is a titude for a definite cooperation healthy sign in recent years that between Church and youth. people both within the Christian The Backbone of China.-Prob- Church and those outside it are ably no people in the world lay paying a good deal of attention to greater stress on the central place fighting against illiteracy in this of the home than the Chinese. The country. It is not too much to say family is the backbone of the na- that this formidable enemy of tional life of China. The old con- China is blocking the way of prog-

ress in the development of both the Church is determined to fight this nation and the Church. It is not evil to a successful issue.

one day too soon that the Christian This great problem is in many Church is beginning to get serious ways in touch with the larger prob- about this matter. lem of the rural life in China. The Happily both the Mass Educa- popular outcry in China today is tion Movement at Tinghsien and to "go to the people," and the peothe successful experiment of the ple are to be found in the country American Board Mission at Paot- as the bulk of China's population live in villages and small towns. ing have greatly helped the Chris- To tackle the rural problem is tian Church as a whole in inspira- certainly an important point of tion and methods of handling this strategy, whether it is considered gigantic problem. The National from the point of view of the na- Christian Council was happy in tion or of the Church. having secured the services of the Rev. H. W. Hubbard for this par- The Greatest Book in the World. ticular line of work in connection -It is not far wrong to say that with the Five Year Movement. more literature has been published The institute held at Tinghsien last in China in recent years against spring has ,encouraged a number the Christian religion than in all the past years since Protestant of church workers to take definite steps in seeking for the elimination Christianity first touched China's of illiteracy from their churches and neighborhood. The Baptist soil. There has never been such Church in Shantung has appointed five secretaries for this purpose an intelligent and determined atwho are in charge of some 150 classes in Shantung. Excellent ef- tack upon the Christian position. fects have followed. If the Christian Church is really in earnest Yet it is equally true that the cirabout this matter, it is not impossible to have illiteracy greatly re- culation of the Christian Bible in duced, if not totally removed, within a few years, at least from the China in recent years has also been Christian Church in China. This means that the Bible will become singularly successful. The report an open Book to every person who has sworn his or her allegiance to of the circulation of the Bible by Jesus Christ. Think of the blessings and possibilities of a Bible- the three Bible Societies in China reading Church for China! It is yet, h:nvever, too early to predict for the last two years clearly how successful this attempt will be, for it largely depends upon the showed the fact that the Word of question whether or not we really mean business. We are thankful God is being more widely read in China today than ever before. Ac- cording to the figures given by these societies, close to 26,000,000 copies of the Bible, or portions of it, have been circulated which showed a more remarkable increase than all the preceding years. Moreover, the Chinese version of the Bible has been more appreciated by non- Christian scholars in this country than in former years. Such well- known scholars aosthCehrsowhaTvzeo-jreen~ Hu Shih, and for the measure of success that has marked that the translation of the already been attained. But there Bible is an excellent piece of work.

is much work ahead still, if the This is not noticeable as in contrast 2

with the attitude taken by scholars What is the Christian message for in the past who had no good word China today and how is that message to say about the Bible. It was a to be presented? book beneath their dignity to read. No truer words have ever been What are the reasons for the scarsaid by General Chang Chih-chiang city of intelligent and educated young than those words printed in large men for the Christian ministry and gold letters on the covers of the leader,ship and how are we to secure, specially bound Bibles the general train, utilize and keep such leaders for ordered from the American Bible Christian services? Society for his Christian and non- Christian friends, "This is the When and by what methods will the greatest Book in the world!" ministry of the printed page have its rightful place in the program of the Unsolved Problems. – These are Christian enterprise in this country? some of the encouraging signs in the Christian Movement in China What do we understand is religious during the past two years. They liberty and how is it to be attained and indicate that the Church is develop- safeguarded?

ing along healthier lines. Allowing What is our duty in international refuller growth and development, lations between China and the nations they will mean untold possibilities of the West, especially of the Orient? for the future. It must, however, be recognized that we are still at How far do Christian people in the beginning of things. A great China understand and practice the deal more of sacrificial work and meaning of stewardship and what are wholehearted devotion are neces- the practical methods in realizing selfsary before we may expect fruitful support? results. However, we are thankful for these beginnings and pray that How may we avoid the unhealthy the Spirit of God will direct and in- attitude of intolerance and what place spire us to aim at nothing less than does tolerance hold in the life of Christhe best. Let the proverb, "The tians. good is the enemy of the best," be the slogan on the lips of each Chris- How far are we committed to the tian in China. There is no reason Church-centric ideal and are we honfor an unhealthy contentment and estly applying it in actual practice? satisfaction. Not only are we far from the goal that is before us, but Do we realize our supreme need is a we still have in our midst a number spiritual one and that the Christian of problems that are almost un- Church has no future in China unless touched, each one of which involves our lips are touched by the life-coal great possibilities either for good from the altar of God and the dry or evil. We can only make mention bones are vitalized by the breath of of them in the hope that more time, God's spirit? thought, energy and prayer may be given to them at the earliest pos- These and other problems are sible moment. staring right into our eyes, await- ing a definite answer. Looking at Let the following questions be the situation of the Christian reasked: ligion in China today, we cannot fail to realize the greatness of the task and our inability to undertake it. We seem to hear again the word of the Psalmist, "Who is sufficient for these things?" But there is also the reassuring word of our Lord, "With God all things are possible." Let us march forward in the strength of Him who is "the same yesterday, today, and for ever!"

NEW MISSIONARY

A Study of the Need for Revising Presbyterian Foreign Mission Policies and Methods at the Lakeville Missionary Conference BY THE EDITOR SAFE and sane, rather than rad- the new secretary and chairman ical and revolutionary, are the of the Committee on Arrangewords that characterize the ments; Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, Presbyterian Missionary Confer- president of Princeton Theological ence held at Lakeville, June 20-30, Seminary and a member of the 1931. It was a study of Foreign Board, and Dr. Lewis R. Mudge, Missions, policies and progress, the present moderator of the As- somewhat similar to the annual sembly.

Williamstown Conference on Inter- Eight delegates came from the national Policies. Eleven years ago "younger churches" on the mission a "Post-War Missionary Confer- fields. This was an advance over ence" was held in Princeton, New the Princeton Conference, eleven Jersey, and some important poli- years ago, when there were none cies were adopted as to the gov- present. Dr. Cheng Ching-Yi, mod- ernment of missions, the field erator of the Church of Christ in administration, woman's place in China and secretary of the China missions, salaries and furloughs, Christian Council and Rev. Hsueh the relation of the Church on the Ging Chang, of the North China field to the Mission, and as to coop- Theological Seminary were able eration and union. The Lakeville and constructive representatives Conference was forward looking of the 900,000 Protestant Chinese and forward moving-step by step Christians; Rev. S. N. Talib-ud- rather than by leaps and bounds. Din, professor in the Theological Many of the findings were pegs to Seminary at Saharanjur and Rai keep us from slipping back; others Bahadu N. K. Mukerji, an elder were stakes set ahead to mark the in the Church at Allahabad, ef- line of progress. fectively represented the United The personnel of the Conference Church of North India; Rev. Ku- was extremely interesting. Of the metaro Sasao, Ph.D., dean of 152 who attended the Princeton Meiji Gakuin, Tokyo, was a most meeting ,only twenty-five, includ- acceptable delegate for the Church ing eight missionaries, were among in Japan; Rev. In Choon Kim, pas- the two hundred delegates pres- tor of the Church in Pyengyang ent at Lakeville. There were four spoke well for the Christians of moderators or former moderators Korea; Rev. Stephen Kyoobyar, of of the General Assembly. These Tabriz brought us the viewpoint included Dr. Charles R. Erdman, of Christians in Persia; Rev. Er- the president of the Board who asmo Braga, D.D., was an ideal presided over the conference with representative of the Church in his usual courtesy, geniality and Brazil and Rev. Leonardo Dia, pas- skill; Dr. Robert E. Speer, the tor of the Church at Albay, repre- senior executive secretary of the sented the Philippines.

Board; Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, The ninety missionaries present 579

came from fifteen foreign coun- of the groups were considered, tries and twenty-six Presbyterian modified and adopted by the whole missions and represented 1,491 conference. Now they are to be missionaries of the Church. They submitted to the various missions included men and women of wide and to the Board at home and will experience and large achievement become fully operative when ap- -Dr. O. R. Avison, founder of the proved by the General Assembly.

Christian College of Chosen and The Lakeville Conference was the Severance Medical College in broadly educational and truly in- Seoul; Rev. and Mrs. Arthur E. spirational. It was characterized Harper, of the famous Moga Mis- by friendliness more than by criti- sion School, North India; Dr. Ed- cism. Little fault was found with ward M. Haymaker, of Guatemala, the past but much faith was felt who went to Latin America nearly for the future. The delegates dis- fifty years ago; Dr. and Mrs. A. cussed the varied work in Africa, K. Reischauer, of the Woman's Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Bra- Christian College, Tokyo; Dr. zil, Venezuela, Chile, Syria, Persia, Ralph C. Wells, of the China Mis- Mesopotamia, India, Siam, the sion Council and Dr. Samuel M. Philippines, China, Japan and Zwemer, the apostle to the Mos- Chosen. As the extent and variety lems, now a 'professor at Princeton. of the work were described, the There were also over forty pas- problems, the needs and the vast tors, laymen and women represent- untouched multitudes, all were im- ing the American Church-most pressed with the greatness of the of them widely influential in keep- task and the opportunity before ing missionary fires burning at the Church. Reports of the inade- home. quacy and failure of non-Christian The ten days in the charming religions, of materialism or intel- New England home of the Hotch- lectualism to meet human needs, kiss Preparatory School for Boys and the testimony of men of many were filled with delightful Chris- races as to the satisfaction and tian fellowship and inspiration and the power found in Christ, revealed with constarit attention to the busi- the supreme importance of Chris- ness of the Kingdom. After stimu- tian evangelism.

lating addresses on the aim and The many problems' and the spirit of the conference by Dr. many ways in which the work is Speer, Dr. McAfee and Dr. Erd- carried on – through preaching, man, the conference early divided Bible and tract distribution, house- into five groups to consider in de- to-house visitation, teaching, train- tail and to bring in Findings as to ing workers, medical and social the (1) work of world evangel- work, the preparation and distri- ism; (2) the educational, medical, bution of literature and the forma- social and literatUre branches; (3) tion and development of the Church the relation between the missions in each field-impressed all with and the churches on the field; (4) the vast variety offered in the mis- executive administration; and (5) sionary enterprise.

the promotion of missions in the Among the most encouraging home Church. The discussions features of the conference were, were based on recommendations first, the progress noted in the from the fields and the findings "younger churches" in the field to- '

FORMING NEW MISSIONARY POLICIES

ward self-government, self-exten- dations from the mlSSlOns and sion and self-support. While the churches on the field were connumber of foreign missionaries sidered and while the "younger have remained almost stationary churches" did not gain all they dein the past ten years, the number sire in representation on mission of communicant members has in- councils and in the control of funds creased thirty per cent and the re- furnished by the home church, ported gifts from churches in the they were encouraged to assume field fifty per cent. There have all the responsibility and independalso been several notable move- ence they are willing and able to ments for church union in Japan, carry and were promised generous China and India. These union and wise help in establishing inmovements make it impossible to digenous churches. In every field compare figures accurately. where these churches are growing the plans recommended will, if Another encouraging feature of carried out, make most of them the conference was the emphasis independent of mission councils at placed on the prime importance of the time of the next decennial conevangelism, or personal witness to ference. Christ, in every branch of the work. This echoes the sentiment 2. To the missionaries and misof workers in the mission fields. It sions on the field the conference was recommended at the confer- brought encouragement because of ence that the responsibility of ev- the closer and more understanding ery missionary for personal evan- fellowship with the Board execugelism be stressed, and that only tives and with the Church at the those be sent out whose aim and home base. The true unity of the qualifications fit them to be per- work and the workers was evident. sonal workers to win men and Missionaries go to the front with women to Christ as preaching the assurance that able, faithful evangelists, teaching evangelists, and self-sacrificing executives are medical evangelists, social evan- at home to do an in their power to gelists, etc. This does not mean support them and to make their less effective work in schools, hos- work effective. pitals or other institutions but it does mean more stress on so "liv- 3. The Church in America was ing, working and speaking that ably represented at the conference the whole purpose will be to lead by pastors, women and laymen and men and women to p'ersonal ac- will feel the challenge of the treceptance of Christ and full com- mendous and important unfinished mitment to Him." The forward task before us. At least 200,000,- Christian movements in Japan, 000 of the unevangelized are the China and elsewhere were noted allotted field to the Presbyterian with thanksgiving. Church, U. S. A. We may also be encouraged by the vision of what The conference will mean much has already been done, as seen in to workers in all lines of mission- types of Christians who are becom- ing leaders of the Church on the ary service. field, by the devotion and calibre 1. To the churches in the mis- of missionaries who represent us abroad and by the statesmanship sion fields it carries a message of confidence from the Church in North America. Recommen-

and consecration of the executives as that at Lakeville, the word of on the Board. emphasis goes out. Overwhelming, 4. While these executives fully world-wide, colossal-these adjec- recognize the difficulties and ex- tives are none too strong. The tent of the work with which they home Church must know this.

are entrusted, they will have been Then it will give better and pray impressed at Lakeville with the more urgently.

consciousness that they are not 2. The home Church will also carrying the responsibility alone. rejoice at the earnestness of its The missionaries, the Church in missionary force. This is not new, the field and the Church at home but the emphasis will be renewed.

are working with them and are Here were about ninety ambassa- ready to follow their leadership. dors of Christ, back on furlough, Above all the leadership and power and all on fire for the great Cause.

of God is evident and the promise The hills about Lakeville will not of Christ that accompanied His hold back the flood of loyalty great commission is day by day and love and spiritual enthusiasm being fulfilled. His arm is not which this group represents. These shortened and His presence and men and women will pour into the power are manifest in every land home Church a stream of new in- whither His ambassadors have spiration and power. And because gone. of that, there will no doubt be a response in the form of greater WHAT THE HOME CHURCH interest, more earnest prayer, and MAY EXPECT nobler sacrifice. Even in these By THE REV. FREDERICK W. BACKEMEYER, times of depression next year's to- D.D., Gary, Indiana tal gifts ought to show an advance PfNltor of the Ji'ir8t PrC8blltcrian Ohurch because these missionary person- Pastors who were present at the alities are with us.

Lakeville Missionary Conference 3. The Findings of the Lakeville will interpret that gathering in Conference will probably never their own way to the churches they reach the Church at large. They serve, and as they have oppor- are too massive in their content to tunity, to the Church at large. The be so used. And yet, the effect of following points seem to be quite these vital Findings will be felt.

clear, and ought to bear upon the The policies adopted are so varied home Church in a vital way. and so implicatory that the wisdom 1. The home Church must real- which incorporated them into defi- ize what a tremendous piece of nite proposals is bound to "spill business our Board of Foreign over" into the home Church, and Missions is carrying on. How can will surely affect other related poli- the Church know the elaborate ma- cies in America.

chinery and the large personnel As the home Church becomes necessary to do the work? The more and more familiar with the remedy would be simple. Get every- various phases of the Foreign Mis- body to attend such a conference! sion task, she will more effectively Then they will know. But the order her own household, as indeed home Church will increasingly she needs to do. The Church looks learn of the vastness of the under- to the Board of Foreign Missions taking as, from gatherings such for the highest type of spiritual

statesmanship, a clear grasp of a deep sense of consecration and world conditions, the far vision, resolution regarding the future.

and practical plans as to progress. Many who were present said in As the Jerusalem Conference was their hearts, "Revive Thy work, 0 felt, so Lakeville will be felt also. Lord, beginning 'from' me!" Will 4. The restless, irrepressible de- the home Church catch this note of sire for a great "forward move- Lakeville and stress it also? Every ment" was voiced repeatedly. The department of our Christian enter- calls for advance came from mis- prise must be "geared in" so that sionaries, staff and Board mem- from each contact made there shall bers, and from the representatives go the clear note of the proclaimed of the churches on the fields. Who Christ, the direct appeal to per- could forget the very earnest pleas sonal allegiance to Him, the ur- made by Dr. Cheng Ching-yi and gency of accepting Him as Saviour others as they repeatedly asked for and Lord. This is the great giving advance. "Revive Thy work, 0 motive of missions in the home Lord, beginning from me!" Not Church, and the renewed emphasis only "in" me, but "from" me. The upon evangelism will react favor- home Church can hardly miss hear- ably in every direction.

ing the echoes of that call. Perhaps it is not too much to 5. The presence of nine outstand- hope that Lakeville will prove an- ing leaders of national churches in other "haystack" prayer meeting, the field will have a profound ef- where many a heart has gained a fect upon the home Church. In new estimate of the full meaning them we hear the voices of China, of the Great Commission! And of India, of Japan and Korea, of that attitude will be reflected in the Philippines, Persia and Latin the home Church, for it is of the America. And they are clear voices, essence of that consecration to God strong in conviction. They are liv- and His kingdom that lays hold ing witnesses of what the Gospel upon the promise that He will make can do among the intelligent people "His angels winds, and His min- of other lands. They are keen, isters a flame of fire." Will the thinking men. They are also the home Church be kindIed?

very best evidence of the growing strength of the Foreign Mission WHAT THE CONFERENCE WILL program, and its effectiveness in MEAN TO MISSIONARIES setting up National Churches. By THE REV. W. M. MILLER, 6. The heart of the conference Tabriz, Persia was tender whenever the central What the Lakeville Missionary note of the missionary program Conference may mean to the mis- was sounded, viz., evangelism. sionaries on the field can best be an- From the first presentation by Dr. swered at the conference of 1941.

Speer, in which he voiced the We believe that God's spirit will "deep concern" of many thought- lead the whole missionary force of ful people concerning this chiefest the Church forward as the repre- of all the varied appeals of the sentatives of the missions were led Gospel message, to his last words at Lakeville. We confidently ex- as he closed the final session, there pect that the work in all fields will was a growing sense of penitence be influenced in the following ways: over the failures of the past, and 1. The Conference sounded a

DELEGA'l'ES FROM THE CHURCH IN THE FIEI,D. AT '['HE LAKEVILLE CONFERENCE Standing~Mr. Mukerji (No. India); Rev. Tulih -ud -Din (Punjab); Dr. Cheng (Chinn); Hev. I-l. G. Chang (China); Df'an Sasan (Japan); Hey. I. C. Kim (Chosen).

Seated-Rev. L. Din (PhilipVillPS); Rev. Stephen Kruobyar (Persia); Dr. Braga (Brazil).

note of confidence and hope which need. For this reason there was will give new heart to missionaries no note of pessimism or defeatism in all lands. Not once did anyone in any of the proceedings. The question the adequacy of Jesus anti-Christian forces, which are Christ to meet all the needs of operating so powerfully in all mankind. Not once was it suggest- parts of the world today, were ed that anyone could add anything faced squarely throughout the Conto Christ, or that anyone other ference, yet there was no feeling than He could satisfy the deepest that these can thwart God's good needs of the individual or of the purpose as revealed in Christ. race. Nor was there any suggestion On the other hand it was con- that there should be retrenchment fidently affirmed by all that "Our because of the economic depression message is Christ and our end is in America. Rather it was the con- Christ." The members of the con- viction of the missionaries, home ference know, as few other groups pastors, and members and secreknow, the best and the worst in the taries of the Boare!, that the only beliefs and life of the non-Chris- right course is an advance along tian world. All were of one mind the whole line. that none of the world's religions is adequate to meet the world's 2. The Conference laid special need. Christ is sufficient for every stress on evangelism. This will undoubtedly speed up this primary

WHAT THE CONFERENCE WILL MEAN TO MISSIONARIES

work of missions in every depart- and most necessary step toward ment. The fact was emphasized solving our problems and realizing that all missionaries should be our ideals." The church of Christ evangelists, and that "the Gospel in China has taken for its slogan is to be proclaimed and Jesus in its Five Year Movement the Christ to be made known not by prayer, "Lord, send a revival, beword or deed, but by word and ginning from me." If the churches deed, that preaching Christ and in all lands unite in this prayer, and living Christ are not to be disso- use the means which God has prociated, that truth and life go to- vided. a mighty spiritual awakengether and that this union is to be ing will come, not only in the vaeffected not by having some mis- rious lands where our missionaries sionaries who only preach and are working, but throughout the other missionaries who only heal world. and teach, but by having all missionaries communicate the Gospel THE CONFERENCE AND THE by both deed and word." CHURCH IN THE FIELD It was urged that in all our work we should aim, not merely to By RAI N. K. MUKERJI, Allahabad, India "make a gain, but to make a goal." We should keep ever before us the Tremendous changes have taken goal of world evangelization, and place all over the world since the use all our resources to achieve Great War. The spirit of restthat as speedily as possible. What- lessness is not satisfied with the ever else we may accomplish, we "old order." Even the proverbial can be contented with .nothing less "sleepy" East is very much awake. than full obedience to our Lord's command to "preach the Gospel to The churches in the mission field every creature." To accomplish have not been left untouched by this task we shall labor in hearty this spirit and it is obvious that the and joyous cooperation with our time has arrived when Christian brethren in the "younger churches" missionary societies and National in the various lands. It was urged Churches should make such modifithat the support and work of local cations in their policies and methchurches be taken over as soon as ods as will enable them to continue possible by the National Churches, their work for the Kingdom in a and that the missionary resources manner worthy of the cause. be released for advance evangelistic work. The Lakeville Conference de- clared that there is still tremendous 3. The Conference also sounded need for proclaiming more widely a call to prayer which we trust and effectively the principles and will result in a great revival in all ideals of our Lord Jesus Christ. parts of the world. "We desire to Much still remains to be done. A reaffirm our faith in the power and forward-looking pro g ram has, efficacy of prayer and our convic- therefore, been proposed for the tion that we need to give it first earnest support of the churches in place in our life and work. We America as well as those in the miscall upon all Christians to join in sion fields. We must move forward, definite intercession for revival in calling for fresh resources in men the Church in all lands as the first and money for the service of God and man. The churches in the field must also respond to it to the best of their ability.

The conference advocated full co- can the Word become intelligible operation between the older and and precious to a people who have younger churches. Any separatist not heard it before. – John A.

policy will be suicidal. The East as Mackay.

well as the West must respond to the prayer of the masses for unity. If we are to win the world to Christ we must see the condition The plan of cooperation between of mankind from God's viewpoint, missions and churches in the field we must sympathize with His prowill naturally vary according to gram, and purpose, must realize conditions. The Conference re- our partnership in the work and solved that, when desired by the our complete dependence on God. church in the field, the foreign missionaries should become full mem- bers of the local churches and sub- ject to its courts. This request was Prayer, earnest study of the made by the National delegates Bible, full obedience to the Word and, what was specially pleasing to 'of God, faithful witnessing to them, it was strongly supported by Christ and loving fellowship in the missionaries themselves. service are the secrets of success Rural communities and unevan- at home and abroad.

gelized areas 'in mission lands have a special claim on the Church. The If we would bring the Church at success of the Christian enterprise home into fuller and more sacriwill depend on how these "weaker" members of the Church and these ficial cooperation in the missionary unreached multitudes are shep- work of Christ, we must bring herded. On a certain occasion, when Jesus saw the multitudes, he Christians to realize not so much said to His disciples, "Give them to eat." Their word was "Send them the need to meet the budget or away." What will be the reply of their apportionment, nor to listen to the call for more recruits; but we must make them see sympa- the Church in America and the thetically the condition of men and women and children in other lands Church on the field today? without Christ and the evidences NUGGETS FROM THE LAKEVILLE of the power of Christ to save and CONFERENCE to satisfy, and enlist in service It is the joyous privilege of those who commit their lives to all true missionaries to incarnate Him.-Floyd W. Barr.

themselves completely among the other brethren of Christ. We dare The greater need of the missionnot as a missionary group form ary enterprise today is not for any little America, or little Eng- more funds, better equipment or land, or little Scotland, in India or more missionaries-much as these China or Latin America. We must are needed in many places-but it become so much one with our new is the need for more earnest prayer brethren through perfect sympathy and more vital spiritual life on the that we shall feel their joys and their sorrows. The mere foreign- part of the Church at home and ness must go from us and a new more complete dependence on God creative type appear. Only thUfi on the part of workers in the field.

WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK?·

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia W HAT policies appear wise in emotional content. We need mis- view of our ideal of mis- sionaries who can weep when they sionary work? My opinions speak of the sufferings of Christ. are given simply as the contribu- That type of evangelistic work is tion of one individual, not as the best adapted to the type of people opinions of any church or group. we are reaching.

In the first place, I believe that For the present, undoubtedly we our evangelistic work abroad must have an educational work to do in be simple if we are to build up a these mission fields. But what sort church made up of people too poor of education is likely to develop the to keep clean, too poor to be edu- church that we have outlined? It cated, too poor to be acquainted will have as its aim, in the first with the thought of the world, and, place, the hastening of the day therefore, from our point of view, when all educational work will be childish and oriental in their out- surrendered to the native governlook. If we want to make possible ments and to the native church. that kind of a church, our evan- That carries with it the implicagelistic message must be simple, tion of great simplicity in its one that can be understood and ap- material equipment, small and inpreciated by children, its creed expensive buildings, an equipment must be brief, like the marvelous which represents as small an inere e d of Mohammedanism, by vestment of Western money as means of which it has almost con- possible, and which can, therefore, quered the primitive world. It be more easily surrendered with must also be a message of dogmatic less acute pain on the part of the certainty and not a message of Westerner who gave it originally, doubtful and questioning analysis. and which will be a light and easy To primitive people we carry no burden for the much poorer native search for the truth, but an an- church to which it must be surnouncement of truth. rendered.

On most mission fields we are The present missionary policy not working with college graduates is deviating from this particular ninety per cent and coolies ten per ideal. The buildings that we build cent, we are working with coolies to house our educational missionninety per cent and men of a mild ary work abroad grow year by degree of education ten per cent. Therefore this message of simple year in expensiveness and elabointellectual content and dogmatic rateness. Every year we build certainty must be clothed with a them further and further from the vivid emotional expression. The standards of the people for whom general attitude of the stoic is not they are intended and· into whose the attitude of the people that we hands they will inevitably be surdesire to reach. Our Christian rendered. We should build for our message must be filled with a high educational work, cheaper build- ings with less elaborate and ex- Se:n'fn~~i.'hird Lecture at Princeton Theological pensive equipment so that they can be easily surrendered.

587

The same argument holds for sible from our present function as hospital buildings. We should government servants in educating study to make the cost of our in- the general public. Here I am stitutions as small as 'Possible for diverging radically from most the sake of the church. The native present-day mission policy, and church has little money to spend, perhaps no educational missionary so we should make as small an in- will agree with me, ten years from vestment on our part and as light now I believe that many will agree.

a burden on their part as we can. We have been entangled, to a de- What Kind of Education ~ gree that is not recognized here at home, in the government's 'pro- In the meantime, what sort of gram for education in these differ- educational work do we want to ent countries. India is in my mind carryon in this "ten dollar build- particularly, and most educational ing" which we will surrender missionary work is carried on with twenty-five years from now? We the government paying about half will undoubtedly try to teach our of the running expense, building baptized Christians to read. We about half of its buildings, and can aim at that much education dictating its character so that we even in a church of great poverty. are not able to make it a very effi- We will aim to make every church cient or active missionary enter- member literate so he can read the prise.

Bible and make himself acquainted It comes to this: we do for the with his brethren elsewhere by government a great deal of the means of letters and, to a moderate educational work that the govern- degree, with the world outside. ment ought to do herself, and we This is putting no burden upon are not able to make that work them too grevious to bear even in very efficient as missionary work.

their poverty. That represents not W€ who are aiming at building a an artificial and exotic thing but a church for the future made up of genuine development for which we the very poor, will extricate our- will aim now. selves from that entanglement with We will also train leaders for the government educational sys- that church who will go back to tem as rapidly as we can.

live in the villages and in the tribes What Sort of Medical Work ~ where this church exists. We are not primarily concerned in devel- What sort of medical work oping a number of beautiful orna- should we be doing for the sake of ments for the kingdom of God, this coming church? First of all men and women whose education we will take away about ninety- and attainments can compare fav- nine per cent of the emphasis put orably with the best in America, upon self-support for mission hos- but we are ,interested in training pitals and the pressure put upon leaders who will, in India, go back the patients to pay fees for medical to live in the Indian villages where attention. Here, too, we are differ- the church is, and who, in Arabia, ing from the mission board pol- will go back to live among the ICIes. An able discussion of this tribes where the church will be. particular problem comes from the In the third place, we will extri- pen of a Lutheran missionary in cate ourselves as rapidly as pos- South India. He says:

SHALL WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK?

From the time the dispensary was in a spirit of gratitude to help us." opened, we have made it a practice to As it is, many people appear to have charge each patient something for the idea that we make money by our medicine given-the well-to-do full medical work. The idea is no doubt price, others one-half, ,one-third, or foolish, but it exists and it makes the one-fourth, according to ability to people unwilling to help fill the forpay, and the very poor receive medi- eigner's pocket. cine free. From the economic point of view there is much to be said for To their minds, medical mission such a practice. It not only assumes service ought to be free, and I canas large receipts as are consistent not say that their intuition is wrong with the individuals able to pay, but because as a service of love given to trains the people to realize their own win their souls toward Christ, it ought obligation. And yet having carried to be given freely, in order that it may on this practice for over two years touch the hearts of the people as selfand observed its effect on the patients, less love and not as love partly comas well as on the missionary, I am on mercialized. As it is, the people try the point of saying that in an in- in every way to avoid paying even the sidious way and to a very large extent little that is demanded. They have it breaks the force of Christian love forgotten to bring money and will manifested in medical mission work, pay when they come back tomorrow. and so at once undoes partly what one Knowing that the poor are charged has effected, or it prevents the service little or nothing, some come in rags. of love from having any effect at all. Others, thinking it unlikely that the missionary will test on the spot the Mission work in general, and med- eggs that they bring in payment, ical mission work in particular, is a bring eggs which under cover of their service of love, and the people who shells have passed through many know anything at all about the Chris- metamorphoses. This makes it necestian message, expect it to be such. sary to lay down stringent rules: Demands for payment, though it be "No money, no medicine; no payment but for the medicine and usually only in kind unless it is bona fide." The a mere fraction of that, and not for words differ, but the sentiment is the the service of the missionary, never- same as that expressed in the welltheless acts as a disturbing element known signs seen in commercial esin the spiritual relation which the tablishments: "This is a cash business; mis·sionary is endeavoring to establish. please do not ask for credit." The missionary comes to the patient, perhaps even to his own horne, shows What is accomplished by insisting him his symptoms, gives him a Gospel on payment at best is only a paltry message, tries to direct him to the sum, and for this paltry sum we risk real Healer, and then when a truly the creation of an adverse impression spiritual atmosphere has been cre- and make the Indians wonder wherein ated, hands him his medicine and says, Christian sincerity differs from that "Two annas, please." The effect of of medical service. Thus by our own this on some of the patients is marked, hand we put impediments in the way it is no less so on the missionary him- of the success of a work which withself who involuntarily feels that the out these added impediments is surely request for money under such circum- difficult enough. stances is as discordant with the spiritual harmony of the situation as Are we not really losing, so far as a shrill factory whistle would be in a our ultimate goal is concerned, symphony orchestra. How much more namely, the winning of souls for in place would it not be to say, Christ? "Friend, we do not charge; we are glad of any help as you desire to give Probably none of our boards will agree with that missionary, but many missionaries will. In the

first place, then, if it is wise that mission field to duplicate the med- medical missionary work in a ical institutions in America and primitive community, reaching out thereby carry to the Orient all of to draw non-Christians toward the medical equipment that we Christ, should be an absolutely have here.

free expression of Christian love, In New York City they are now then even for the rest of the Chris- building the Cornell Medical unit tian community it is to be a very with accommodations for a thou- much simplified type of medical sand patients, and costing thirty work. million dollars. I do not say that The eventual medical practice in money is wasted; it is being spent countries of this kind must of for genuine medical advantages, necessity be very much less ex- but it requires no great argument pensive than medical practice is to show that India cannot carry in America. The Massachusetts on medical work that costs thirty General Hospital, which still is, I thousand dollars for every bed in think, one of the most efficiently the hospital. To build these up-to- managed hospitals in the country, date hospitals actually costs the finds that it costs $6.14 a day to United States about four thousand treat a patient. The patient pays dollars per bed. India and Arabia nothing for it is a charity hospital. cannot do that. Something is The Western Reserve Hospital wrong with mission work of that figures that last year it cost them kind.

$8.70 per day for every patient. If the first thing about medical It requires no argument to prove missionary work for the non- that such a rate of expense for Christian community is that i,t Arabia is preposterous. My should be free, the second thing is friends in the cities in Arabia earn that we should study to develop a perhaps eight annas a day (fifteen simplified and inexpensive type of cents), while in the interior they medical and surgical work which earn perhaps six cents a day. One shall still be efficient and credit- day's treatment in the Western able. That is not altogether im- Reserve Hospital would cost those possible. Even in Muttra, Arabia, people three months' wages 1 The where we work with just such a major problem in Arabia is to poor community as I have de- bring prices down within the reach scribed, we were able last year to of these poor people. perform two hundred major opera- Our medical missions are not out tions, about four hundred minor there as a permanent institution. operations, and perhaps four or The medical missionary always five thousand individual patients works with the idea that one of his were treated in the dispensary.

major jobs is to create an indige- The whole expense was about fif- nous medical profession to take his teen hundred dollars. That, per- place. If we are going to do that, haps, does not reach the economic then we must study to make the level of that particular community, costs of medical treatment as low but it does represent a tremendous as possible, and that means that reduction in the cost of medical we must introduce a greatly sim- treatment in America. We must plified medical and surgical prac- study for simplicity and inexpen- tice out there. Weare not on the sive work in our medical work, and

we must build "ten dollar hos- ernment schools in place of estab- pitals" rather than thirty million lishing their own parochial school.

dollar hospitals. These hospitals The public schools were inferior in which are ultimately to be turned quality and in moral influence, but over to the Indian and to the the missionaries believed that the Arabian church must place as light church should be made indigenous a burden upon them as possible. and should help to improve the The Yale Corporation has found government schools. '

that a building which cost, we will This is a very important point say, five hundred thousand dollars, in mission policy and one which is not an extravagance, but it con- has been neglected. Weare accus- stitutes a steady drain upon the tomed to suppose that Christians organization that carries it. Yale would better send their children to has found it necessary to set aside, private schools on the mission field when a building is built, one-third for fear that the religious influ- of that building's cost as an endow- ences in the government schools ment for maintenance. An ex- might be unsatisfactory. Experi- pensive building would constitute ence in South America points in a great burden to the church in the opposite direction.

the mission field. Thus the argu- Self-Supporting Missionaries ment is perhaps even stronger in regard to medical institutions than One point remains to be discussed, for school buildings that we must namely, as to the type of mission- build, so far as we possibly can, aries we should send out to ac- for ten dollars instead of for thirty complish this purpose. The s e million dollars. missionaries should not only be It is generally acknowledged able to sympathize with these peo- that we should study, far more ple in their desire for an emotional than we have been studying, to religion, but be able to bring them make the Church, in mission lands a simple message with dogmatic indigenous and an integral part of certainty. An important recent the community in which it exists. development in a missionary policy In a recent issue of World Domin- is the sending out of non-profes- ion there is an article by a mission- sional or self-supporting mission- ary named John Ritchie of South aries. I believe that in Arabia we America. There I think they have would be better off if we had a led the way in missionary practice. number of missionary carpenters They had a long struggle to be per- or blacksmiths, or other types of mitted to bury their dead in the workmen, who, like Paul, earn community cemetery. It would their living with their hands.

have been easy for them to get In the missionary situation that from the government free land for I am acquainted with, the addition an independent cemetery but they of such an element would be an wisely insisted upon the privilege enormous advantage. In Bahrein of burying their dead in the com- we have a convert. (This is an munity cemetery. They were aim- exact case.) This man used to be ing to make that Protestant church the captain of a sailing boat, and indigenous in that community. earned quite a fair living. He was They fought for the privilege of connected with the ruling family sending their children to the gov- in the town and belonged to the

elite. After that man professed porting workers? I think that conversion, he went to wreck would be possible in many places. largely because of the economic Arabia is probably as difficult a situation in which he found him- field as any. Twenty or thirty years self. He was ostracized by the en- ago, in the days of the Turkish rule, tire community; no one would em- a Christian carpenter came out to ploy him; nobody would buy from Hodeida. A more hostile rule to him or have anything to do with Christian missions it would be difhim. How is a man like that to ficult to find but this carpenter extract his living from such a hos- lived there for months and years tile environment? Moreover, that and nobody molested him. He was man's major sin in the old days in a position to teach European was pride, and this major sin still cabinet making to local people of rests on his soul to this extent that the same trade who were willing to he is unwilling to engage in most learn. Ninety per cent of local hosforms of manual labor. tility might be overcome by teach- ing men to do better work and so Who is going to handle so deli- earn a better living. Missionaries cate a situation? Our missionaries of that kind would reenforce the have never earned their living in contribution which we are in a pofree competition with other people sition to make even in the initial even in the most friendly environ- stages of evangelizing a primitive ment. Their fathers sent them to country. Such a missionary can school and upon graduation they help develop that church because became missionaries on a salary. he is a member with other members They know nothing about the and contributes to the solution of problems which would be created the very difficult church problems. if they were pitch-forked out into open competition even in their own I do not mean that we should country, so how are they going to eliminate the professional type of be competent advisors of the waifs missionary but the self-supporting and the strays in Bahrein who be- missionary could carryon a much come Christians and are disqual- less elaborate enterprise. Upon us ified for employment because of the will rest the opportunity and the unfriendly environment. If we responsibility of encouraging that had a missionary who was earning policy. I imagine that today you his living as a carpenter, or a could put an expert missionary farmer or a blacksmith, he might automobile mechanic in five hunbe the advisor that this hard- dred points on the mission field to pressed Arab needs. Men of that the great advantage of everyone of type could contribute to the de- them. An earnest Christian could velopment of converts in a way make a contribution that would be that the present missionary staff tremendous. We want to encourage the going out of self-supporting is unable to do. Christian missionaries who will supplement and strengthen the Should we not encourage mis- missionary enterprise. sionaries like that to locate in the different mission fields as self-sup-

I LEFT ISLAM FOR

BY M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE, Punjab, India A Teacher in Gordon. CoHege, Ra.walpindi" Punjab" India I WAS born a Moslem but al- I found things in it that I could though I attended both a mis- not understand and other things sion school and a Christian that I could not half understand. college my interest in Christianity I began with the Gospel by Matdid net begin until after I had de- thew and when I came to the Sercided not to continue my college mon on the Mount, I said: "Here work. Relieved of these studies I is something very different from could devote myself to books on what I am accustomed to hearing. religion. My uncle is well known in North India as the compiler of dictionaries in Hindustani, Arabic and Persian and as the author of several books dealing with reli- gious SUbjects. I was particularly interested in one book in my uncle's library, written in Urdu (or Hindustani) verse, and called "The Prayer of a True Christian." Moslems claim to be the heirs of all the prophets and the sacred writings that preceded the revelation to the Prophet of Arabia. "The Prayer of a True Christian" was written by a Moslem to controvert Chris- tian teaching and was designed to M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE show how the Islamic religion was "true Christianity" from which the Christians had gone astray. There were numerous references in it to Can these things be so?" There various passages in the Bible. I was nothing in the Koran that I read the book and reread it. A could remember which spoke of thought struck me! Though I such attitudes toward God and could not verify the references to man. When I went over again the Old Testament I decided to see some portions of the Koran I was how this book compared with the more disconcerted than ever.

New Testament, a copy of which When I came to the Gospel of had been presented to my father John, I found an atmosphere alto- about the year 1898 by the Punjab gether different from any I had Branch of the British and Foreign ever breathed before. Here was Bible Society. I had seen the book God spoken of as loving sinful men.

lie on the shelf as long as I could I had heard of God judging men recollect, but it had never been on the last day but never of God read. loving them in the present day. In Beginning to read the Testament fact, it had never occurred to me 593 3

that God had anything so directly Testament. I was rent between the to do with men. It was strange! two types of teaching. I read other books on the subject but for fear On the other hand. There were of arousing the suspicion of my things in the New Testament that parents I had to keep everything were extremely repugnant to a secret. I studied till late at night, Moslem. I had, for instance, al- long after everyone in the house ways imagined that the Christians had retired. I also sought out a worshiped three gods. Islam has Christian friend who had taught laid great stress on the unity of me in college and had a long talk God. "There is no god but God" with him. At the end of the interhas been the creed of Islam view I was convinced of two throughout these centuries. It puz- things: first, that the Christians zled me that Christians could not did not worship three gods, but see that there was only one God. I only one; secondly, that sin is a could not see how such a spiritual far more serious affair than to be religion could go astray on the most removed by fastings and alms. But fundamental question of all. "If I was more puzzled than ever. there seem.s to be any truth in I tried to reason myself out of Christianity/' . 1 reasoned, "it is the situation and then tried to for- get the whole matter. Anything what is left to it of the original true in Christianity I attributed to teachings of'Jesus. Truly the Injil its primitive form, and its attrac- (Gospel) has been subverted by tion for me I thought to be the sugthe Christians." gestion of the devil. But I could not forget what I had di.scovered. There was another difficulty- I knew that I was a sinner and the problem of the Cross. To an that I needed a Saviour, but I orthodox Moslem there is nothing thought that Christ could not have mm.i! absurd than to believe that anything to do with this. the 'Son of God was crucified for the sins of men. How can the right- Weeks of suspense and agony eOUll suffer for the unrighteous? passed. I was seriously in doubt HoW is it possible for one man to and decided to read the Gospels take away the sins of the whole again to see what faults I could race? To depend on fastings, end- find in them. But I only discovered less prayers, penance and alms is that Jesus had a far larger place understandable, but to think that in them than I was willing to admere faith is sufficient-why it is mit. "God," said I, "if this is corpreposterous! rect what shall I do? Can the New Testament be right after all?" Even disregarding other objections, a great gulf exists between Another thought now deterred Christians and Moslems. By com- me. If I should follow the way of mon consent Christianity has been the Gospel I could not stay with regarded among the people of In- my loved ones. I dared not think dia as the religion of the foreigner of all that was involved in my turnand the outcastes. Consider the ing away from the faith of my fadisgrace of accepting a religion of thers. But I had to make the choice the outcastes! The term Christian between God and man. Jesus had is to us a synonym for a scavenger anticipated this difficulty and said and a pariah. High born men could that His followers must be ready not think much of Christianity!

But I could not overlook the New

WHY I LEFT ISLAM FOR CHRIST

to give up everything to follow Him there are new and limitless vistas and that sacrifices in this world ever opening up. Though it is imwere recompensed by rewards from possible to explore anyone of them the Father in heaven. fully in this life, we have the as- surance that Christ is the pledge Finally I decided to give up my of our eternal life. In Him we live home, my family, and my friends and move and have our being and and as a result suffered many hard though the earthly house of our experiences which I cannot re- life grow old and fall we have an count. On the first of May, 1921, eternal Home with Him. I was baptized and was received into the fellowship of Christ. In Christ I have seen a marvel- ous vision of the future of man- Was this giving up of home and kind. Here is a comprehensive and kindred and the other things of an all inclusive goal which is life worth while? During these ten worthy of the best effort and highyears that I have tried to follow est sacrifice of every individual. Christ I have never for a second Children of God are welded toregretted the step, but have felt gether into a brotherhood of rightthat it was the wisest thing I have eousness in the Kingdom of God. ever done. My reward in Christ The human race is marching tohas been far more than I had ex- ward that goal of the high calling pected. . of God in Christ Jesus. I am cer- tain that it is only in approximat- My Reward ing to this ideal of the Kingdom of God, which Jesus revealed, that the In the first place, the mere dis- human race will ever arrive at that cipline of having gone through era of peace and felicity for which such an experience leads to a better we all hope and pray. appreciation of life and the things that one has are enjoyed in a new To live in Christ is also to live spirit. God gave me a vision and for Christ; therefore I am urged it is a great satisfaction to have to be of service to those among followed the call at His bidding. whom my lot is cast. There are This has made me more reliant on new reserves which I must develop Him· and more contented. and use in His service. In the life that I lived apart from Him I Christ has given a unity and a squandered the talents that I had· meaning to my life. He is the clue but now I have the ambition to to the tangled skein of my life. In use what is left for my God and so far as I am able to yield myself my fellowmen. There was a time to Him I find that He is able to when my chief desire was to get make me conquer self and to be a a comfortable place for myself and happier man. In my fight against to live at ease, but now I could sin I am now on the winning side. never be happy if I were not sure The guilt that wrecked my happi- that the work that I am doing is ness is removed by the power of what He would have me do. I am God. Though I am so imperfect I happy because I serve not a dead find in Him that singleness of Master but a living Lord. heart and purpose which lead to moral and spiritual well-being. But surpassing all this, in Christ I have found God. He is the tangi- Christ has given me a new out- ble manifestation of God. In so look on life which I would not exchange for the whole world. The world seems so much larger and

far as I am able to apprehend history. We have not outgrown Christ I am able to understand either the need of God nor the dewhat God is like. I believe in God because I believe in Christ. If I sire to be of service to our fellows. did not believe in Christ I could not believe in God. He is worthy, In Christ we find all that we need and more than worthy, to receive of certainty and power not only to the truest and the utmost devotion upbuild our own lives but to fashof my heart and all my love because ion anew the whole fabric of so- He first loved me and redeemed me. ciety in which we live. The Christ has shown me that in and Almighty God has in Christ made over and behind this confusing uni- the contact with men that the huverse is a Fatherly Heart of Love. man race has been trying to es- This is a revelation no amount of tablish through various religious money. can buy and no one but systems during all these centuries. Christ can substantiate. In Him We cannot have peace with God was the Love of God manifested to through our good works or alms us and in Him are hid all the treas- or prayers. Something far more ures of wisdom and knowledge. He vital is needed, even the gift of God is the answer to the cry of the hu- Himself that all men might know man heart through the centuries: Him and live. "Oh, that Thou wouldst rend the heavens and come down"; that Our Task in India . men may see face to face the invisible God whom they worship. We in India are confronted with the grave task of erecting a new To know Christ is to have life. nation and trying to gain greater It is to know the best that life has liberty, but the thing that is most to offer for which to live and to needed, along with this striving for strive. In Him life finds its deep- freedom, is a driving and a regenest yearnings satisfied and life erating force to undergird the new gains its highest worth. Apart system with moral power. Here from Him life is not worth living. in Christ is dynamic that, if ac- Those who have not learned to cepted and used, will lead any know Him have not yet discovered country to a new state of rightthe eternal fountain of life from eousness. No man or community which a man may drink his fill and who has caught the spirit of Christ never drain it. It is this which fills can be stolid and lifeless, or relife full of joy and peace. main on the old level of life or thought. Jesus Christ is constant- Is it any wonder that I should ly leading men onward to fresh urge upon all who do not know Je- tasks of love and devotion and sus Christ to taste and see this way moral heroism. Those who have of life? We today are living under really tried to open the door of life conditions which no preceding gen- with Christ as key have found the eration had to face but our spir- portals swing open to them of their itual, moral and religious problems own accord. Even as Jesus said: are essentially the same as men "I am the Way, the Truth and the have had to face from the dawn of Life: no one cometh unto the Fa- ther but by me."

JO (RIGHT) WITH HER HELPER AND KINDERGARTEN

MRS. JO, "THE SUICIDE DOCTOR "OF JAPAN BY MAYME MOORE W HEN one thinks of mission- contact with some small but living ary effort, one is inclined to work that is large in results. We paint a mental picture of meet some saint whose name has great orphanages, schools and col- not been heralded abroad, who in a leges, medical centers, or leper col- few moments changes us from onies, all supported by Western skepticism to enthusiasm. funds and more humanitarian than religious; or one may see churches, Such was our experience when missions, Sunday Schools, evangel- we met Mrs. J 0, the Good Samariistic work for saving souls. This tan of Kobe, Japan. Big of body, large vision is too much for our large hearted, Mrs. Jo's impelling small minds to compass. The .Far motive seems to be Christian sym- East is a long way off. Why should pathy. This does not content itself we worry? with .tears and sentiment, but is manifested in common sense action. But when one goes to the Orient, the whole thing becomes liv- "Oh, yes, the suicide doctor!" ing, dynamic; overnight we be- said some one in Tokyo, when we come mission-minded! Seen at first asked, "Who is Mrs. J a?" In Osaka hand, the humanitarian effort ap- people were even more incoherent pears a small beehive of activity, but more enthusiastic, "You must trying to serve brothers in distress! see her," they reiterated, "she lives The evangelistic w 0 r k I 00 k s in Kobe." starved! After seventy years of work in Japan, only a quarter of a Kobe is the industrial center of million Christians. But our right- Japan. Here the Japanese girls and about-face from indifference to women meet the same problems fervor is occasioned by personal that their American sisters meet when they go to the cities and enter factories or commercial activities.

597

The Kobe Woman's Welfare Asso- approached by young men who had ciation, (Kobe Fujin DoJo Kai), is been drinking heavily of sake, she not essentially an evangelistic ef- left the train and came stumbling fort. It is a common sense work to to Mrs. Jo whose name she had meet a definite need. The Associa- seen on a sign. Other girls, without tion is Mrs. Jo. The work is helped funds, stared into blank uncer- by an advisory board of mission- tainty until some policeman told aries, receives the endorsement of them to go to Mrs. J o. So the the law, some aid comes from the stories are legion, tales of disap- government, but its story is mainly pointments, sorrows, heartaches, the story of one woman of vision fears, despair. Calmly this woman and sympathy whose spirit trans- attacks the problem, carefully she formed the vision into reality. rehabilitates.

"Wait a bit, God is love!" How In 1916, without any financial clearly it was depicted in the calm backing, Mrs. Jo began her work in features and in the quiet strength Kobe. Where she came from, who of the woman. There is no hurry, she was, why she came-no one or uncertainty about Mrs. Jo. seems to know. Where did the oak "I have records of over 2,500 forest come from! Who laid the women and. girls who have come first stone of the most ancient ca- here for help and encouragement in thedral! She is a cool, quiet retreat, the past ten years," she said. "Our for tired souls. She is a well of work is of necessity a lifting of the mercy. We can well understand immediate burden, but we have why our question, "Who Is Mrs.

made a start on a permanent work J o?" was never answered.

in making life more livable for Perhaps she has always lived in working women." The plain face Kobe. Perhaps her own life was al- lights up with an eagerness of one most wrecked. Here she appeared who adventures in paths of peace. in 1916, and she was not long in Quietly she told us-in a gentle, making herself felt. She rented a vibrant voice-of the woman in house and advertised through the the North whose husband sold daily press that she was ready to their eldest daUghter, and of the help women in distress! That is mother, distracted by the tragedy amazing enough! Think how such all too common in Japan, who tried an advertisement in American pa- to kill herself and her other chil- pers would set people wondering!

dren. Some person who knew of Mrs. J 0 went to the police and to Mrs. J 0 sent for this tower of the missionaries telling them what strength. The woman and the chil- she was ready to do. Posters ap- dren were brought to the house in peared on the wharves and at rail- Kobe, where they were given a way stations, "Wait a bit; God is little home of their own. The moth- Love!" followed by the added lines er was encouraged and the hus- telling where Mrs. J 0 and her band was sought out, finally the sympathy and aid might be se- whole sad tangle was straightened cured. Authorities encouraged the out and the woman and her chil- work, missionaries welcomed it.

dren went home. She told us of the The Kobe Woman's Welfare As- young girl who wanted the life of sociation began in a simple way the city and came from her village and, in two years Mrs. J 0 bought a home, frightened, alone, and when house large enough to accommodate

"DO YOU LOVE YOURSELF?"

twenty women. In 1922 she added competent nurses; here they grow four rooms and a chapel. But it has strong and healthy, waiting until more than most welfare homes, for the home life of the mother is adit has Mrs. Jo, a whole host of sym- justed so that the family may live pathy, sense, vigor. their normal life.

In 1926 a larger building was Suma is the suicide place of Jaerected-a typical Japanese house, pan. At this lovely sea-coast place commodious enough to care, not many come who do not see its beauonly of stranded girls, but for ty, but are drawn by a desire to moth€rs and very young children. cast themselves into the sea. Here There are ten mothers' apartments, Mrs. J 0 erected one of her signs, each consisting of one room and a "Wait a bit, God is Love!" This kitchen, so that separate family sign has arrested many who had no life may be maintained. In the further use for life and she led nursery we saw the tiny tots who them to a knowledge of God are safe while their mothers go out through Jesus Christ. to work. They are cared for by "DO YOU LOVE YOURSELF?"

BY WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS, Lumbwa Industrial Mission Missionary at KcrAchvJ Kenya (}(}lonYJ B riti·sh East Africa T HE other day at the back of had been trouble between two our farm an old man ap- neighboring tribes and the white . proached me and offered his man went out to negotiate peace. hand with the usual salutation: The elders of the two parties dis- "Chamege" (Do you love your- cussed matters and after coming self?) It was the native salutation to an amicable arrangement, they meaning "How do you do?" Then appointed one from each side to ache proceeded to spit on our clasped quaint the white man with their hands more vigorously than even decision. To his horror and amazenative etiquette required. This ment, when they neared him the was quite proper from an African two began to spit violently at each viewpoint, though not so nice. All other, and then both together at the while he was exclaiming, "My him! Not knowing that they were friend! My dear friend! My fa- actually sealing their pact of ther! My father!" All was just friendship, and suspecting treachexcess of friendliness. Being a ery, with insult a<j.ded, he struck missionary one has to grin and them and ordered them under arbear it—or at any rate, bear it- rest. The warriors, seeing their at least until we can teach them to elders struck, started fighting, and adopt a more pleasant method of hostilities were began again. expressing friendship. The man had come, fatherlike, to plead for These incidents illustrate a tenhis son who had been ordered off dency, all too common to this day, the mission land on account of mis- of looking at the native from the demeanors. European point of view. This col- ony is now in the throes of a bitter The incident recalls the story controversy with the home governtold of a certain white official in the ment, because some excellent peoearly days of the colony. There ple suppose they are helping the

native by telling him that he is be- prevailing depression. I saw these ing defrauded of his rights and same Lumbwa natives bidding on despoiled of his land at the hands even terms with the white people of the settlers. Their remedy for for his effects. Nevertheless I pick that is to launch the native into up a paper and read a letter from politics-a blunder which, when a native who, under the tutelage applied to the Negroes in America of false friends, talks grandiloafter the Civil War, cost unmeas- quently of Africa belonging to the ured suffering to both races. African and demanding this and that as his right. Sooner or later The native of Kenya Colony is, something is bound to happen. at this moment, better off in a material sense than the average white What has all this to do with the man. Compared with what he was missionary as a herald of salvathirty years ago–naked in body tion? In the first place, it is plantand in mind; never for a moment ing the seeds of race hatred in safe from his enemies in the flesh, these susceptible native minds. and still less so from those of the Doubtless that is the last thing spirit; the sport of malignant these zealous friends would think forces which he was forever pro- of doing; but it is a fact. Moscow pitiating-the African is today far is pledged to upset the native races, richer in the things that make for and an increasing number of commaterial comfort and contentment munist natives even now are than is his white neighbor. spreading their doctrines in the reserves. The time is short. The Take the Lumbwa people for ex- propaganda of revolution must be ample. When I came to them in met by a propaganda of salvation. 1905 they were the most wretched The transforming power of the lot of human beings you could Gospel of Christ may change the imagine-starving in a rich land, course of history in East Africa, and even selling their children for but it must be a real Gospel of the grace of God and not "another gosfood. But yesterday I attended a pel." sale of the effects of a white neighbor who had succumbed before the GIVE A THOUGHT TO AFRICA Give a thought to Africa! Pray that Afric's heart may be 'Neath the burning sun, Loyal to our King.

Hosts of weary hearts are there, Give your love to Africa! Waiting to be won. There our brothers call.

Many idols have they, Bring release from slavery, But from swamp and clod Break sin's bitter thrall.

Many a voice is crying out White shall love the black man, For the living God. Each forget the past; Breathe a prayer for Africa! In the Father's house above "0 Thou God of love, All will meet at last.

Send Thy blessings on the tribes -Hosea K. Nyabonga, of Ugan- From Thy home above." da, East Africa, and Clark Univer- sity, Atlanta, Ga. Swarthy lips when moved by grace Can most sweetly sing;

THE SURPRISING

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, en route to Penang, Malaya WE HAVE had no greater In 1868, his son, King Chula- surprise than lovely Siam. longkorn, came to the throne. Of In a conference with His him someone has said, "It is men Royal Highness, Prince Damrong, like King Chulalongkorn who in Varadis Palace, Bangkok, this tempt one to believe that history "grand old man of Siam" who is is made by a few outstanding men, the chief adviser of the king, spoke rather than by the ordinary course in most appreciative terms of the of events." This remarkable ruler work, sacrifice, and personal gen- introduced into Siam, railroads, ius of the missionaries. His fine telegraph, telephone, a public face reminded me of William school system, abolished slavery, Ewart Gladstone. closed up the gambling (licensed) The Presbyterian Board, for dens, began to reduce the sale of ninety years, has served gloriously opium, reorganized the army and in helping to bring Siam to a ful- police and the government, sent ler realizatiQn of her higher self. many of his sons to Europe and In April, 1932, Siam celebrates the America to be educated according 150th anniversary of the beginning to foreign standards and come of the present dynasty of kings. back to their own country to be- Rarely in history do we find a suc- come heads of departments in the cession of seven kings in the same government. He ruled for forty- dynasty, and such kings as those two years. He died in 1910 greatly with which Siam has been blessed. beloved and sincerely mourned by his people. Modern Siam began with the reign of King Mongkut, fourth of His son, Rama VI, carried on the this dynasty. While serving in the reforms started by his father. He Temple he asked one of the early organized the Boy Scouts (before missionaries to teach him. Mr. it had been done in the U. S.), He Caswell taught him English, math- was a literary man, doing much ematics and the sciences. King writing, especially plays. It was Mongkut realized the need of for- during his reign that the World eign education in order to properly War took place and Siam joined compete with the foreign traders the Allies sending an expeditionary and others who had begun to come force to Europe. At the close of to Siam. When he came to the the War two Siamese were present throne, he began to develop his at the signing of the Treaty of country along modern lines. Up Peace. The adviser in foreign afto this time, someone has said, fairs has always been an Ameri- "Siam was like a country much as can. Different ones who have held we read about in the Arabian this responsible position had been Nights." King Mongkut was working toward a change of treafriendly to foreigners, especially to ties with foreign countries, trying the missionaries and was the first to get them to give up their exking to grant land to Protestant traterritorial rights without commissionaries for buildings for their pensation. The United States was work. the first to do this. It was Dr.

601

Francis B. Sayre who finally The present financial depression brought this about with the Euro- is being felt in Siam as well as in pean countries having treaties other countries. After a meeting with Siam. This has been a great of the Supreme Council recently benefit to the country. The king one member was heard to remark. died in 1925. At the time of his "We realize that we must reduce death the country was in a danger- government expenses and we told ous financial position, owing to His Majesty to begin by reducing certain of his advisers. our incomes." Such is the spirit of the country. King Prajadhipok, the present ruler, on coming to the throne used Dr. James McKean, a Presbyfirm measures to reduce expenses. terian missionary who has j'ust re- He gained the confidence of his tired after forty years of service people in many ways. He estab- in Siam, started the first organized lished a Supreme Council, com- work for lepers ever undertaken. posed of five of the most trusted This dread disease claims thoumen in the country, who act as sands in Siam as it does in so advisers. He dismissed many for- many of the Oriental countries. eigners who were heads of depart- The government has since started ments of the ,government and re- a leper colony of its own, The placed them by Siamese, many of splendidly developed leper work in whom had been trained abroad. Chiengmai is known the world He dismissed from government over wherever the needs of these scores of Siamese who were draw- poor, afflicted people are being coning pay but doing little work. This sidered. While Dr. McKean was has been the means of changing in Bangkok, on his way to Amerithe ideals of young men from ca, His Majesfy was giving a garworking for easy government po- den party to the diplomats and a sitions where labor would be light select group of the foreign comand advance rapid, to preparing munity, also the highest of the themselves not only for profes- Siamese princes and officials. His sional work but also for agriculture, business, and mechanics. Majesty heard that Dr. McKean was in the city and sent him an He retrenched in his own house- invitation. During the party His hold, disposing of dozens of automobiles owned by his brother, the Majesty sent a special messenger late king, and keeping only a few to Dr. McKean who brought him the length of the garden and prewhich were absolutely necessary. He retrenched in the royal kitchen; sented him to the king and queen. he also cut down his own income. They shook hands with him and The best members of the Royal thanked him personally for all that Family are all hard workers, hav- he had done for their country. ing their country's best interests deeply at heart. World travellers should not fail to visit Siam. It is one of the most unique countries in Asia.

"We ~baU babe aU eternitp to celebrate tbe bidorie~, but we babe onlp tbe few bour~ before ~un~et to win tbem."

IN MISSIONARY

BY THE EDITOR T HE present situation in mis- that human slavery, public torture, sion lands not only indicates immolation of widows, child sacri- a time of crisis and the need fice, and other evils have been made for the application of a radical illegal. The education of women remedy, if we are to avoid chaos, was, in some lands, begun in spite but the work of the Christian of popular disapproval. Solitary Church in these lands shows the missionaries went into Africa, need for a new evaluation and for Burma, China and other hostile some changes in policy and pro- territory without asking protection gram. The policies and methods from their own governments; they of pioneer days, and of the period unhesitatingly risked their lives to of adolescence in Foreign Missions, carry the Gospel to the heathen.

have been effective; but new con- Their patience and sacrifice was so ditions, new dangers, new opportu- effective that many non-Christian nities demand new policies and governments later have acknowl- methods. The Church executives edged the great value of their at home have realized this and are humanitarian service and have about to send abroad a Laymen's highly praised their work.

Foreign Mission Inquiry to study Today the Protestant missionary the facts and to r e com men d enterprise alone (not counting the changes that seem advisable. extensive work of Roman Catho- We call attention to three ele- lics) has grown to huge propor- ments in the crisis as it relates to tions. Twenty thousand men and missionary policies in the foreign women are working in foreign field today. lands and many millions of dollars 1. RELATION TO GOVERNMENTS. have been invested in schools, hos- In the early days of Protestant pitals, orphanages, churches and missions, one supreme motive led other property. The governments men to go to heathen lands-this of "sending countries" are so zeal- was to take the message of Christ, ous to maintain their national pres- "offering to lost and dying souls tige that they are not ready to over- the gift of life through Him." look any disregard shown for the The messengers went out facing, rights of their citizens residing not only separation from home and abroad. An indignity or harm to a loved ones, and the prospect of missionary therefore becomes the severe physical hardships, but subject for diplomatic controversy hostile governments and bitter and may even lead to armed inter- opposition from other religions on vention. Non-Christian nations the field. They set their course to have, at times, become suspicious avoid entangling alliances with the of missionary influence and have non-Christian governments and suspected and accused messengers with religious devotees whose evil of Christ of being "agents for practices they ever fearlessly de- capitalistic and imperialistic Gov- nounced. It was largely through ernments."

the influence of Christian missions The right of residence is now 603

granted to foreigners, except in a in mission policy. Are messengers few countries, but the right of re- of Christ to obey men or God when ligious propaganda and of carry- commands conflict1 Are they to ing on Christian education is ques- work in harmony with non-Christioned in Japan, Chosen and tian governments at the expense of Persia, and more particularly in evangelizing effort, or shall they China and Turkey. This causes a risk displeasure and antagonism, critical situation in missionary and even expulsion and the closing work. Christian schools and col- of their institutional work? When leges formerly offered almost the conflicts arise, shall God's Word be only opportunity for modern edu- the guide or the restrictions of a cation in these non-Christian lands. non-Christian State? Is it better Missionaries inaugurated primary schools and modern education in to close secular educational work India, China, Chosen and in almost entirely, if necessary, rather than every other mission field. Now to give up the main purpose for that national educational institutions have been established, the which it was founded. Oriental governments are jealous Missionaries today also face the or suspicious of Christian influence. They naturally wish to con- problem of putting national or trol the training of their future a supernational allegiance first. citizens and they demand that re- Shall they follow the example of ligion-especially the Christian re- Christ and be subject to the laws ligion-be divorced from secular of their adopted land, when these education. In China, the govern- laws do not contravene the laws of ment has ruled that foreign-sup- God, or shall they claim their right ported schools and colleges must to be judged before their own nabe turned over to the control of tional courts and to the protection Nationals by the appointment of of their home governments? Many Chinese Principals and by a ma- of our finest missionaries believe jority membership of Nationals on that it is better to withdraw, if the boards of control. They re- necessary, from a land or a work quire that all pupils be trained in where liberty to preach and teach Dr. Sun Yat Sen's Principles in the the Gospel is denied, or to suffer place of teaching the Christian persecution and death, rather than Scriptures. At one mission school to accommodate the Christian mesin Tsingtau, we saw quotations sage and methods to non-Christian from Dr. Sun's will posted on all requirements. the walls of the schoolrooms-but no words of Christ were displayed 2. Another factor in this crisis there. Turkey, Persia, China, Ja- in missionary policy relates to the pan and other countries have also method and the manner in which undertaken to dictate what mission mission work shall be conducted. schools may and may not teach. In the early days-and in fact until Religious teaching and worship, if the beginning of the twentieth permitted at all, must be on a century when missions became purely voluntary basis. more widely recognized and more largely supported-the work was This change in the educational generally conducted on a very situation points to a serious crisis simple scale. The limited re- sources at the command of the mis- sionaries, and the unlimited need, necessitated very great economy in

CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICIES

buildings, equipment, salaries and in elementary schools and must other expenses. Much of the med- make all religious instruction and ical work was done by itinerating attendance at chapel voluntary and doctors, and the educational build- extra-curricula. Chapel services ings were very modest and gener- must be held, if at all, outside the ally inadequate. Then came the college campus. A majority of the time when large plans were formed trustees and the chief administra- more in harmony with the magni- tors must be Chinese. Turkey tude of the need; when appeals also has forbidden religious in- were made to wealthy givers, when struction in schools and there must union institutions were established, be no attempt on the part of teach- some with large endowments. The ers to change the faith of pupils standards were thus gradually- who are under eighteen years of sometimes suddenly – raised to age. A few years ago Persia reach more nearly those of similar passed a law requiring the exclu- institutions in England and Ameri- sion of Chrisitan teaching and ca. The Rockefeller Medical In- worship from mission schools but stitute in Peiping suddenly raised so much trouble resulted that the the standard of salaries and equip- government has refrained from in- ment for all China medical work sisting on its enforcement. Japan and made pioneering seem more made an effort to abolish Christian difficult or impossible without such worship and teaching in the mis- aid. Great colleges and universi- sion schools of Korea, but since ties, with American or British most of the primary education has charters, have been established in been in Christian hands, for the Japan, Korea, China, India, Tur- present Japan permits voluntary key, Syria, and Egypt. These com- attendance at chapel services and pare favorably in equipment and at Bible classes.

curriculum with many in America Medical and industrial missions and England. They rival or sur- also face the question: Shall this pass government colleges, with work be primarily scientific and which some have become affiliated. practical or fundamentally mis- The desire to receive government sionary-with an evangelistic pur- recognition and subsidies has led pose? . At least one mission hos- to the apparent necessity for se- pital, among those we recently curing larger enrolment and better visited in Asia, reported a fine equipment, for adopting the stand- medical record, but could not point ard curricula of non-Christian to any definite plan for effectively States, and for higher paid, better- presenting Christ to the patients trained professors and specialists. or their families. Some do not This also has led to the opening of even seem to have this as their the doors to more non-Christian supreme aim. Industrial missions students, to the employment of are important among primitive more non-Christian teachers and peoples and those who need to in some cases to the election of learn methods of self-support, but non-Christian trustees. some have been abandoned because In China, mission schools are re- they became merely commercial quired to be registered, and before enterprises. Leper asylums and this is effected they must agree orphanages are Christian enter- not to teach the Bible and religion prises which may also do a great

spiritual work but some have be- Christian missbns, outside of the come merely humanitarian institu- direct work of the Spirit of God, tions, and so have missed their has always been the Christ-like highest service. character and devotion of the in- It is not difficult to see the crisis dividual missionary or native evan- to which this situation leads. In gelist. Today we are confronted spite of the desire and purpose of by a world-wide increase of mate- missionary teachers, and of mis- rialism and agnosticism; a greater sion boards and officials, to mani- emphasis on higher education and fest a Christian spirit and to exert science, the broader appeal for a positive Christian influence, very social service; the growing anti- many mission colleges and hos- religious agitatiOfi; and the sym- pitals are in danger of becoming pathetic exploitation of ethnic more and more secularized. In the religions. In view of these facts desire to reach a higher technical it is unthinkable that there should standard, and to exert a wider in- be in Christian missions any les- fluence, they are tempted to become sening of emphasis on the prime less intensively Christian and less necessity for spiritual qualifica- missionary in aim, methods and tions in those sent to the mission results. Frankly this is what some field or that there should be less supporters advocate. Christianity emphasis on the main purpose of includes all the best things of life- leading men and women to a full in science and art, sociology and surrender to Jesus Christ as divine world relationships, but in propor- Lord and Saviour.

tion as science and other branches How .Meet this Crisis supplant spirituality, a work ceases to be an evangelizing effort and We are convinced that some mis- may cease to be Christian. We sion policies should be changed or saw an effective mission hospital clarified to meet the present crisis.

in India that recognizes the need We must not lose sight of our main for the supreme emphasis on spiritual healing and at the same time objective, or permit this to become is favorably known for its excellent obscured. In every age and among medical work. This hospital re- all non-Christians this missionary cently sent out the following call objective is so to present Christ in to praying partners: His fulness, and so to teach what He has commanded, that all who The work cannot go on in strength will may find in Him the fulfilment without another skilled physician and of their greatest spiritual needs. No desire for great institutions, another well-trained medical woman. for wide influence, for government As you know these doctors are ex- support or for human approbation, pected, first of all to be evangelists should turn us aside from this main and to share in the spiritual work inside and outside the hospital. Pray for skilful, warm-hearted medicals, objective. The Church should ready for anything, if only souls may send out to the mission field— be won to Christ. either for long or for short terrns- 3. A third factor in the modern only those workers who are crisis in missionary policy relates equipped spiritually for their task; to the spiritual qualifications of the men and women of faith, prayer workers. The greatest asset in and devotion, who put first the

winning of others to Him who dependence is on God for the came to save the world. supply of daily needs, for workers and equipment, for guidance, for It is one of the encouraging protection and for fruitage. Each signs of the times that in every worker is only an instrument in the land, aud in almost every station, hands of God. In such a mission we found that experienced mission- He is asked to send patients to the aries are insisting that greater hospital and pupils to the school; emphasis must be put on evangel- He is asked definitely and continuism. At a recent meeting in Persia ally to prepare and send mesthe place of evangelism in the hos- sengers to give the message; and pital was warmly debated with the His spirit is expected to make conclusion that, while every effort ready the hearts of hearers. The must be made to give those in need result is not release from harship, the best medical attention possible, or from opposition and trial, but and while tact must be used in pre- this method produces fruitfulness, senting the Gospel, the greatest and brings joy in the hearts of benefit has been withheld if the sin workers and a consciousness of sick soul is left unhealed while the partnership in the Great Task. diseased or crippled body is repaired. We believe that the mission pol- icy needed today in these non- Many missionaries are also ad- Christian lands includes these vocating less attention to all insti- elements: tutional work, which so often involves large expense with small 1. The primary emphasis in all spiritual result, and they ask that departments of m iss ion work more money and effort be given should be on evangelism. We are to evangelism-to pioneering, to commissioned to preach the Gospel the training of native evangelists and to teach what Jesus Christ and to the building up of national commanded. This command has churches. The effectiveness of the never been abrogated and Christ Burmese College Gospel Teams, alone meets man's greatest need. and similar groups in Siam, India and the South Seas, has given new 2. All missionaries should be stimulus to the evangelistic empha- men and women of clear, positive sis in educational centers. faith in the Word of God and in Christ as the only Way of Life; There are missions that have they must be selected with referadopted the policy we believe to ence to their fitness for the task, be greatly needed today. It is their sacrificial devotion and prac- tical Christian experience. scriptural and it is practical. In Korea missions, apostolic methods 3. On the field, emphasis should have been in vogue for forty years, be placed, not on the building up of with wonderful results. At Dohna- large institutions but on spiritual vur, South India, is a mission vitality in the work; not on where beautiful, healthful sur- breadth but on depth; not on roundings, practical education, in- human standards but on the divine dustrial work, social uplift and pattern. medical service are combined; but the ever present motive is to win (Next article-"The Crisis in Mission Churches.") individuals to Christ. Here and in other spiritual missions, the chief

PLIGHT OF RUSSIAN

T HROUGHOUT the Volga Re- River on the east. The German gion and southern Russia refugees, for the last 150 or 200 there were formerly hundreds years, have colonized in Central of thousands of German-speaking and Southern Russia. Recently the Russians, descendants of the immi- oppressive measures of the Soviets grants invited by Catherine the have forced them into Siberia.

Great three hundred years ago to The writer (H. L. Haag), and settle the steppes and to make Rev. Ch. W. Kastler of the Harbin farms out of grazing land. These Lutheran Church, succeeded in people, mostly Lutherans but in- bringing a company of these un- cluding Mennonites and Roman fortunate people from northeastern Catholics, were forced under the Manchuria to Harbin.

old laws to continue using German Observers from the northeastern in their worship. Though thrifty districts of Manchuria, during the and industrious, the entire group last two months, have brought has been under suspicion of the many stories of the terrible condi- Soviets who !:lome years ago began tions of Russians and Germans liv- to exile them to Siberia on false ing in the various little Chinese charges. Many died ihere and a villages of that part of the country.

few have wandered east to the The accounts of occasional refugees Manchurian border where recently who had walked the 300 miles sub- they have attempted to cross into stantiated the belief that these China. people are in sore need of help. A Two Lutheran missionaries in special committee of the Man- China, the Rev. L. Grady Cooper churian Missionary Union, consist- and the Rev. P. P. Anspach, read- ing of Rev. Kastler and myself was ing the account in American asked to work out means of getting papers, turned a vacation period first-hand information and acting into a "missionary journey" to in- as soon as possible to relieve the vestigate the situation to the north. suffering.

At Harbin they organized a local Our trip to Lishowchen and relief committee and promised the Hetsezde proved to be one of un- use of a special fund held by the usual interest and importance. At United Lutheran Church Mission the town of Lishowchen we had no in China. trouble in getting a line on the Mr. Howard L. Haag, an Ameri- situation of the Germans, for as can Christian Association secre- we entered the shabby little Chi- tary, who heads the Harbin nese inn we were greeted by committee, relates in detail a situ- Germans themselves who had be- ation of which the outside world come stranded in this miserable knows practically nothing. village till aid could be found to Russian and German refugees transport them further. They re- are continually fleeing into Man- ported that there were at least 150 churia from Soviet Russia, either of their group in the town of Het- the Manchuli border, the Amur sezde some 200 miles away.

River on the north or the Ussuri At Lishowchen transportation 608 facilities for these people from to have their things together and Hetsezde to Lishowchen had to be ready to pull out at midnight.

arranged and the innkeeper who Then we began making out of had been feeding them had to be cloth, tags for each one bearing the bargained with in order to have name of the committee we were them free for transportation to working under and the person's Harbin. These two matters were own name and number in Chinese.

not easy ones to liquidate. For five Among the refugees were Greek solid hours we bargained with the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Men- owner of the bus line. At last nonites, and Baptists as well as Rev. Kastler brought the bargain Lutherans.

to a close by getting the owner There was one other matter down from $3,500 (Chinese Mex.) which was especially unpleasant, to $2,3·50 for five buses for four A Russian woman had arrived days to bring as many people as alone in Hetsezde about the end of the buses would hold, over 200 December. She had lived about miles. Then the innkeeper began one month in a Chinese home.

another long three-hour bargain- When the head of the house de- ing session. Scores of villagers manded that she pay him $70 for came in to partake in the general her keep for the month she was discussion. After endless talk, forced to refuse. He then sold her Rev. Kastler forced him to sign an to another Chinese for the sum of agreement wherein we were to pay $55. This latter had taken her as him for 25 people at 80 cents each his wife and treated her most for 60 days. brutally. This poor woman es- We had set for ourselves a short caped when she heard that we had schedule in which to accomplish arrived and came to throw herself the work of gathering together at our feet begging that in God's the people we wished to take away name she be taken out of the place.

with us. Looking back on it all Her "owner" came to us demand- now, I can scarcely see how it came ing that she be given back to him about that we did actually carry or that we pay him the sum of out our plan with such dispatch. $70. Of course the scene which Our plan was to make all financial took place was unspeakable. He adjustments with the Chinese and presented a large paper which of- start the return trip by 12 o'clock ficially gave him ownership over the following midnight. her. With him he had gathered At Hetsezde we set about deal- some 25 or more rough fellows who ing with the chief of police who were out to get vengeance. At one examined the document of the time their cries outside the room Harbin police and seemed satisfied. in which we were bargaining We then made a trip to the home sounded most threatening. After of the head man of the village, the officials had talked with the where we met at once with hostil- owner, he was willing to, at first, ity. He set about at once putting settle for $40 then for $30, and obstacles'in our way, but he finally then finally for $20.

promised that he would get to- As Rev. Mr. Kastler and I con- gether a general statement of what ferred together as to the results of the refugee people owed the vari- our bargaining with the Chinest: ous shops, inns, etc. We told them of this town, it seemed that all tht: 4

forces of evil which this little be hoped for but little in sight. settlement could m u s t e r were Truly they have come from one terrible condition in Soviet Rusabout to be showered down upon sia into another which offers them as little hope. Already there are us. Surely we must stay here no several thousands of refugees, both longer than necessary, for even German and Russian, in Harbin though we had come to agreements and each day brings pleas for help with the head man of the village from the villages of North Manand the owner of "Maria," the vil- churia where more people have lagers were not satisfied. It was congregated. Many have come four o'clock when finally the last over with their horses, their cattle, bus was loaded, the doors closed and all they possess. They cannot and the order given to start. get land from the Chinese for the latter are afraid of the_ conse- Not until we were quite clear of quences. Gradually each refugee the viHage and our three Inter- loses all he brings over till he is national trucks speeding down the forced to go in debt to the Chinese. road did we feel safe. Never have This makes it next to impossible I felt- such sense of relief as that to move from one village to anmoment we looked back to see the other. Furthermore the Chinese dark outlines of Hetsezde fade out authorities make it necessary for of sight. The hardships of the trip each Russian to have a passport ahead were nothing to what we had costing from $7.00 to $60.00 each gone through. if he wishes to move.

Of the trip to Lishowchen much Though these facts are unesmight be written. It was the flight capable. in all justice it must be of exiles, a Christian exodus. added that no government has Each bus held from 30 to 45 tired, acted with greater consideration hungry, worried people. The chil- toward these unfortunate 'people dren at first took it as an exciting than has China. Individual Chiadventure but soon as the road be- nese in outlying villages have and came rough and our buses over will continue to exploit them as and again became stuck in the they come across the border, but snow-drifts they became restless. generally speaking, China has not closed her doors and has given At 9: 30 P. M., we came to the what protection she has to offer. bluff overlooking the City of All this, with the knowledge that Lishowchen. In a few moments they have lost all, is pressing thouwe were pulling up alongside the sands of these simple yet worthy station and were lifting our half- people into a position of slavery. dead refugees to the ground. They It is a case seemingly unparalleled were met by the station master in modern times, and one with and his wife who had a warm room which no local committee such as waiting them and milk ready for the Harbin Committee can deal the children. The main job of alone. The suffering and sorrow transportation was finished and caused by the unspeakable condithe Rev. Mr. Kastler and I were tions in Soviet Russia should be ready as anyone to find a place to taken to·heart by Christian people rest. and Christian nations of the world.

Many have asked us the pertinent question: "What of the future of these refugees?" We cannot answer. There is much to

PICTURES AND FOREIGN

BY JAMES TOOKER FORD, Los Angeles, California ALOUD call has come from portrayal of vulgarity, indecency, French missionaries in Afri- and the technique of crime are so ca, pleading that "The Cath- prominent in the programs of the olic and Protestant churches found motion picture theaters as to cona film factory, where moral films, stitute a menace to national moralparticularly those with religious ity." Exported films are even less themes, will be made." The appeal clean than the home shown; and is made because the movies have the number of them is enormous. gone "where ever civilization has Mr. Carl E. Miliken, Secretary of gone and are portraying in the full the Motion Picture Producers and glare of the movie footlights, the Distributors, reported two or three white man's crimes and love scenes years ago that during that year to the detriment of the morals of "231,295,018 feet of films had been the African people." exported." These dramas are being The unspeakable "love scenes" shown in Tunis, Madras, Korea, which people in America have en- Sumatra, in the Sudan, and the dured with suppressed nausea, par- question comes to the Christian, ticularly the slobbering "kissing can the Church not do something and huggin' stuff," these mission- to offset this flood of immoral and aries say "make the black crowds, anti-religious conceptions and emo- especially the black Mohammedans, tions. Motion picture magnates howl with disgust." This call from estimate that 13,000,000,000 people the French missionaries would be pay to see the movies every year.

gladly seconded, no doubt, by the ShaH we continue to pass by, and Protestant missionaries all over even scorn the use of one of the the world, and not only by them most effective methods of present- but by Christian tourists who have ing constructive ideals which will been made to blush at the portrayal mould noble Christian characters?

of so called American life. One of Dr. S. Parkes Cadman writes: "If these world tourists, Mr. Albous the movies monopolize attention, it Huxley, exclaims, "The world into is because we who are responsible which the cinema introduces the for religion have allowed them to subject races is a world of silliness capture multitudes who belong pri- and criminality, where the inhabi- marily to God."

tants are stealing, murdering, Is it still true that "the children swindling, or attempting to com- of this world are wiser in their mit assault." On the other hand, generation than the children of "to give the devil his dues," the In- light"? The Department of Com- dian Cinematograph Committee merce of the United States reports "was satisfied that the majority of that American business obtains a films certified for exhibition in In- return of at least one doHar. in dia in no way tended to demoralize trade for every foot of film exhibthe public." But we believe that ited in foreign lands. "In fact," the overture presented to the last says Mr. MiIiken, "the film is equiv- General Assembly of the Presby- alent to the work of 100,000 salesterian Church is right that, "the men." This same helper is avail- 611

able to the church in its supreme emy of Christian art with the sole work of freely offering salvation to object of producing religious moall people. Will some Christian mil- tion pictures. Here is an open door lionaire accept this extraordinary which invites the Church to a new opportunity to multiply, perhaps method and to a new era of power 100,000 fold, the evangelical in foreign lands and at home. God preaching power of the mission- has given us a new method of visuary? The silent screen speaks a alizing to all people, at home and tongue which people of any lan- abroad, the supreme life, the savguage and dialect can understand ing teachings, and the redemptive whether in Sumatra or the Came- death of Jesus Christ. A studio alroun. Where ever civilization has ready eists in Los Angeles, called carried electricity, there the mo- The Academy of Sacred Art. A tion picture is possible. Every mis- Sacred Motion Picture Foundation sion station in the larger cities of is needed which, like Nebuchadnezthe non-Christian world might pre- zar's dream-tree, will reach to sent good religious educational mo- heaven, and the sight thereof to tion pictures. Where can s u c h the ends of the earth and which has evangelical pictures be obtained? food for all. What an opportunity! There's th.e rub. This might be of greater service than a Radio City. It may, if Here is a possible solution. A rightly conducted, multiply the great Radio City or station is to power of the foreign missionary be established in New York at a thousands of times, even, as in the cost of $250,000,000. Some mil- case of the commercial. salesman, lionaire or group of Christian phil- 100,000 times. anthropists might found an acad- WHEN WILL PROSPERITY RETURN?

A LETTER sent recently by Roger W. Babson to editors of re- ligious papers emphasized the interrelation of spiritual and economic conditions and predicted a revival of interest in religion on the ground that people in general are now both physically tired and spiritually discouraged and "have no spiritual wealth on which to draw." "They lack that faith which is essential to personal or national progress."

Mr. Babson attributes present conditions to the concentration of thought upon material success and all sorts of pleasures instead of upon the more serious aspects of life. He reminds us that "a great mass of wage workers, executives and young business people have never before witnessed a severe business depression" and, being unemployed or losing money in business, "have no faith upon which to fall back." He points out that this younger generation has been fooling itself and now, discovering how it has been misled, it also discovers that it has nothing in the way of life preservers to cling to in a time of shipwreck. "More religion," he says, "rather than more legislation, is the need of the hour. Before prosperity can return there must be a renewed interest in the spiritual life by both individuals and nations."-The Presbyterian Advance.

fI1IODS FOR WORKf4

Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK A SERIES OF WORSHIP SERVICES By Katherine Willis, Foochow, China GOD THE CREATOR need of the child. Give us a child-like "Remember now thy Creator, in the faith to accept so great and tender a days of thy youth, while the evil days love. Grant in Thy goodness that we come not nor the years draw nigh may meet all of life's pain and disap- when thou shalt say, I have no pleas- pointments sure that Thy love is the ure in them." one great reality. Amen.

Piano Prelude. Choir Anthem: "The Heavens Re- Processional Hymn: "Lord of All sound,"-Creation Hymn.

Being Throned Afar." New Testament Reading: Acts 17: Invocation: 22-30.

Leader: "0 come let us worship and The Lord's Praye.r: (standing)- bow down: let us kneel before the Chanted. Lord our Maker, His name is excellent in all the earth! His glory He has set Recessional Hymn: "Angel Voices above the heavens." Ever Singing."

Response: "When I consider Thy Benediction: "Behold I stand at the heavens, 0 God, the work of Thy door and knock; if any man hear my fingers, the moon and stars which voice and open the door, I will come in Thou hast ordained, what is man that to him and sup with him and he with Thou art mindful of him, and the son me." Amen.

of man that Thou visitest him 1" GIVING AS WORSHIP Leader: "He that planted the ear, "Behold I build a house to the name shall He not hear? He that formed of the Lord, my God, to dedicate it to the eye shall He not see 1 He that teacheth man knowledge shall He not him and to burn before him sweet in- know? Yea, happy is he that hath the cense." (2 Chron. 2: 4 and 5).

God of Jacob for his help, whose hope "And the house which I will build is is in the Lord his God." great: for great is our God above all Hymn (seated): "The Spacious Gods." (verse 15).

Firmament on High." Piano Prelude.

Old Testament Reading: Psalm 104 Processional Hymn: "The Church's (omitting last verse). One Foundation."

Prayer: Mighty God, Creator of the Invocation: spheres, the contemplation of Thee, Leader: "I was glad when they said Thy power, Thy wisdom, Thy great unto me, let us go into the house of the glory, Qverwhelms us. We cannot com- Lord."

prehend Thee thus. We are left weak Response: "Our feet shall stand and afraid. But still more incredible within Thy gates, 0 Jerusalem."

is Thy love. Thou hast sought us out Hymn (seated): "I Love Thy King- and taught us to call Thee Father- dom Lord."

charmed word that breathes of inter- Old Testament Lesson: 1 Chron. 29: est and CQncern with every minute 2-17; 20.

613

Prayer: Dear Father, Thou who Leader: "Take no thought for your knowest the heart and takest pleasure life, what ye -shall eat or what ye shall in uprightness, may Thy love move us drink, nor yet for your body, what ye to offer our gifts from hearts at peace shall put on. Is not the life more than witj! Thee and our neighbor. When meat? and the body than rainment?" we remember that the whole earth and the fulness thereof is Thine it is in- Response: "Your Heavenly Father credible that Thou shouldst have need knoweth that ye have need of all these of us. Yet Thou dost wait for our of- things. But seek ye first the kingdom ferings; Thou dost give us a share in of God and His righteousness and all Thy undertakings, longing to bestow these things shall be added unto you." upon us the blessing of Heaven in such measure as there shall not be room to Leader: "For man doth not live by receive it. Lead us to open wide our bread alone but by every word that hands to our brother. May we de- proceedeth out of the mouth of God. light to build up Thine altars where Therefore make it thy meat and drink Thy Word is preached, where we meet to do His will for to him that over- together to pray, where we learn to cometh will God give to eat of the pray and faint not. Amen. hidden manna."

Choir Anthem: "From Every Let us pray. Stormy Wind That Blows." Dear God, our Father, our hearts hunger for Thee. We call upon Thy New Testament Lesson: Mark 12: holy name, in our great need of Thee, 41-44; 2 Cor. 9:7; Luke 6:38. believing that Thou art near to every one of us. Grant unto us gathered here Offering received for Church Sup- the refreshment of new vision of port. (Before the ushers retire choir Thee; call us again to forsake our shall sing, "All Things Come of Thee own wills and to turn in new trust and dependence unto Thee. Give us the o Lord.") desire and the strength to overcome that we may taste of the hidden man- The Lord's Prayer (chanted). na. May we hunger and thirst after RecessionalHymn: "Glorious Things righteousness, that we may be filled of Thee Are Spoken." and know the blessedness of the in- dwelling of Thy Holy Spirit. Amen. COMMUNION SERVICE Choir Anthem: "God So Loved the "I am the Bread"-Jesus, the Christ. World," (The Crucifixion-Stainer). Piano Prelude. Processional Hymn: "As Pants the New Testame.nt Readings: John 6: Hart for Cooling Streams." 28-35, 37 in part and 51. Invocation: Leader: "Wherefore do ye spend Hymn (seated): "Break Thou the your money for that which is not Bread of Life." bread? and your labor for that which satisfieth not? Hearken diligently unto The Sacrament of the Lord's Sup- Me: come unto Me; hear, and your per. soul shall live." Choir Response: "Come Unto Me The Lord's Prayer (chanted). When Shadows Darkly Gather." Recessional Hymn: "Come Ye Dis- Hymn (seated): "Guide Me 0 Thou consolate." Great Jehovah," (Tune-Zion). Benediction. Responsive Reading: Leader: "He shall feed His flock AROUND THE WORLD WITH like a shepherd." Response: "The young lions do lack CUPID and suffer hunger, but they that seek the Lord shall not want any good Those who are going to put on the thing." program "Around the World with Cupid," (April number) and cannot possibly find the costumes may secure them through Mrs. Johnson, who has recently returned to America.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYI,ER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK F ederation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America WHAT DOES A RELIGIOUS WORK they most desired and the difficulties DIRECTOR IN A GOVERNMENT which stood in the way of obtaining INDIAN SCHOOL DOl it. One girl said her desire was to regain her child-like faith which she By A. A. VAN SICKLE had lost. Another said she wanted to become a missionary. Both asked for Itov. A. A. Van Sickle Is Religious Work Di· personal interviews to discuss their rC<!tol' at Haskell Institute, Lawrence. Kansas. problems.

When one is really looking for an opportunity to serve and finds himself in the midst of a thousand Indian young people, wide awake, eager and ambitious, it is not hard for a Reli- gious Work Director to keep busy.

The difficulty comes in choosing the most important things instead of being too busy with trifles-and yet, what are trifles? When we see Jesus talking to the woman at the well about such common things as water and family life, and then see the result of that conversation leading a whole Samaritan village in search for truth, it makes 'One wonder what trifles are. In answering the question, What Does a Religious Work Director Do? I will give you a glimpse of a typical week at Haskell Institute, starting with the department which takes most of my time-the Week Day School of . Religious Education.

We have an average attendance of 1,035 students at Haskell, about 32:0 being Catholic and approximately 700 Protestant. Some 350 Protestant stu- dents are enrolled in the thirteen re- VICE·PRESIDENT OF T HE COUNCIL OF RELlGfOUS EDUCATION OF HASKELL ligious classes. These courses are DRESSED ~'OR A PAGEAN'l'

elective, meet twice a week at regular Munday is a full teaching day but school hours, and high school students receive one-half unit school credit for one must take time to remind the them. Through these classes, one Chapel speaker and the speaker for comes into close personal contact with the Young Men's Forum Club-a vo- the students and is able to help in cational club for all boys of the school directing their thoughts and molding -of their appointments. After classes their lives. boys flock to the office. The cabinet At the close of an examination I of the Furum Club meets to outline asked the students to state the thing its program for the coming week. The 615

directQr is encQuraged as he sees the purpQse .of the CQuncil shall be t.o these 'Officers assume m'Ore and m'Ore discuss the religiQus needs and prob- resP'Onsibility and assume it effi- lems 'Of the students; to 'Organize, de- ciently. velQP and carry intQ effect an adequate The next day has fewer classes and prQgram 'Of religi'Ous education and SQ 'One has time fQr mail, letters and Christian living; and tQ be ready at repQrts. An inquiry CQmes frQm a all times, under any circumstances, t'O lady 'Of the state asking fQr infQrma- prQmote the interests 'Of the Kingdom tion oQncerning Haskell and partic- 'Of G'Od at Haskell Institute and ularly abQut the religiQus prQgram, thrQugh'Out the world.

she having been chQsen tQ speak 'On In the evening the direct'Or aCCQmthis subject 'On the WQrld Day 'Of panies the MethQdist students tQ their Prayer. A missi'Onary in OklahQma banquet. There is an important basketwrites telling 'Of the tragic h'Ome CQn- ball game at Haskell this evening diti'Ons 'Of 'One 'Of the y'Oung girls at which the girls are anxious to attend. Haskell and as~s the director tQ talk One said, "This is the third year that with her. BefQre 'One realizes it, I have gQne tQ the MethQdist banquet. schQQl is 'Over and fifteen young bQYs The other times I was a guest of Mrs. and girls, representing the schQQl's D'Oe, and she was just SQ nice to me. religiQus activities, have arrived tQ Every time I see her 'On the streets 'Organize a Student CQuncil 'Of Reli- nQW, she speaks. I wQuldn't have gQne giQUS EducatiQn. At this meeting, 'Of- tQnight if it hadn't been fQr that. I wanted to see that basketball game, ficers are elected and a committee is but I th'Ought how nice she had been apPQinted tQ draft by-laws. In the tQ me, and I wanted to tell her how evening the B'Oy SC'Outs meet.

Wednesday, there is an urgent call much I appreciated it." We return fr'Om the chairman 'Of the w'Omen's from the banquet in time for the last meeting f'Or the W'Orld Day 'Of Prayer. half of the game.

She wishes an Indian girl. It is nQt Thursday'S spare time is used t'O hard tQ select a girl, but 'One must lQ'Ok over student papers and prepare find her, get her excused frQm classes examinati'On questions. During the and prQvide means fQr her tQ gQ tQ period in the afternoon a teacher from the church. the Lawrence High SchQol comes tQ The Methodi,st girls hav;e, been in- talk over a prQgram which SQme 'Of vited tQ a banquet at th~ church. 'Our y'Oung people are tQ give at the The schQQl furnishes trartspQrtatiQn, church 'On Sunday evening. There are but the direct'Or must 'Order the truck classes to be visited, teachers tQ see, and pr'Ovide escQrts. In the midst 'Of and a conference with the superin- a' these. preparatiQns there is a kn'Ock tendent of the schQ'01. At 4: 30 the and bpy enters, hesitating and em- Student CQuncil meets tQ discuss the barrasse'd. Without taking time tQ Day 'Of Prayer prQgram. A cQmmittee sit dQwn, he says, "Can yQU tell me tQ arrange plans fQr prayer grQUps hQW I can get saved?" The directQr each day during the week is ap- is perhaps as much surprised as he pointed.

was embarrassed, but is t'Ouched tQ Friday, besides helping the prayer the heart by the sincerity 'Of the ques- gr'Oups c'Ommittee, there are hQspital tiQner and talks with him earnestly visits t'O be made and a conference abQut Jesus' Way of Life. Later the with the Presbyterian minister in boy's past'Or is called and asked tQ t'Own. At 7: 30 the students have talk with him. As a result the bQY is their den'OminatiQnal group meetings baptized and joins the church. with pastQrs and workers from the After schQQl, the CQmmittee 'On By- Lawrence churches. During Lent these Laws frQm the Student CQuncil meets. services are held each Friday night.

After much debate, it is decided that Saturday-this should be at least

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

partly a day of rest, but a group of a good talk by a local pastor and six boys has been detailed to clean beautiful music with choir and or- the Young Men's Forum Club room chestra.

under my supervision. So I am at In the evening I come back to Has- Haskell at 8: 00. For three hours we kell for the Young Men's Forum Meet- clean, dust and polish, and have a ing. About 75 boys are present. The good time in general. I have had time young president presides and the sec- to write a couple of letters and get retary takes his responsibilities very things ready for Sunday-school. One seriously. The boys sing lustily. After Sunday-school teacher has called say- two or three numbers by the string ing she cannot meet her class on Sun- trio, the speaker who is the head of day, so I have to find a substitute. the printing department, is intro- At 1: 30 there is a Teachers' and duced. After the speaker has pre- Employees' meeting called by the su- sented the opportunities of and train- perintendent. This is a fine oppor- ing needed for his profession, there is tunity to announce plans for the Week a general discussi'On and question of Prayer and extend t'O the teachers hour.

an invitation from the Student Coun- At 9: 00 p. m. I am home again cil to join in these ,services. Coming making some plans for Monday morn- from this meeting, I meet an Indian ing classes in order that I may be boy enrolled at Kansas University. able to start the work for another He tells me that money for his tuition week.

has not arrived and this sum must be paid in a few days. I spend the WOMEN THE WORLD OVER remainder of the afternoon with him From FR.'NeES GARSIDE, Publicity Depart- in an attempt to secure the necessary ment, National Board, Y. W. C. A.

funds. There have been various commis- Saturday evening Mrs. Van Sickle sions operating in India investigating and I attend a party given by one of social and industrial conditions, and the teachers. the following quotation from the Siam Sunday morning I arrive at Haskell report on the women of India is at 8: 30 as Sunday-school classes be- typical of the universal trend of gin at 9: 00 o'clock. I take a class of opinIOn. "It is a striking proof of fifteen students who are studying the change which has come over the Daily Vacation Church School work. Indian scene in the past twelve years A number of these students are plan- that no document discussing India's ning to work in Daily Vacation constitutional system, and the direc- Schools next summer among their tions in which it can be devel'Oped and 'Own people. improved, could omit the women .of This morning one of the girls who India today.

is studying work with Beginners has "All the legislative bodies except charge of the class. The rest of us are the Council of State have extended all little folks. We have a beautiful the franchise to women on the same worship service, singing, greeting and terms as men ….. In seven provinces prayer songs. The story is very in- out of nine, women may now be mem- teresting because our teacher illus- bers of the legislatures and W(]men trates it with pictures and other ob- from these provinces can become jects. members of the Legislative Assembly.

At 10: 30 the trucks are ready to ….. Side by side with these develop- take the girls to church downtown. I ments there has begun a strong move- pick up three boys and take them to ment to urge social reforms which church with me. After lunch I can would promote the progress of Indian sit down and really relax for an hour. womanhood …… The women's move- At 2: 45 I start for Haskell to attend ment in India holds the key .of prog- the all·school chapel service~ There is rel')s,"

A commission also put Ceylon under ingly evident to the Japanese woman a magnifying glass, making the recom- that her condition is bettered through mendation which passed the Legisla- Christian influences, influences that tive Council that general suffrage work through industrial and social should be granted to women over reforms. A man in Japan may no twenty-one. This, in a country where l()llger take a Geisha girl into his home a few years ago one rarely saw a and escape censure. The disapproval woman on the streets, is a proof of the of public opinion has brought about remarkable progress that country is this change, and women universally making. In the last five year,s, quot- credit the disapproval to the growth ing a secretary for the Y. W. C. A., of Christianity.

the number of girls working in busi- During 1929, girls of 39 nationali- ness offices has more than doubled. ties made use of the Y. W. C. A.

It is significant of what is happening Employment Bureau in Buenos Aires.

to racial barriers that the Association During the last few years Argentine is proving the profitable meeting place women and girls have been making of many races and denominations, a place for themselves in the business with nationality and creed forgotten. and professional world so that today In spite of criticism that has grown there are successful and much reat times into mutiny and rebellion, the spected women physicians, dentists, achievements of the Chinese Govern- pharmacists, teachers, writers, office ment during .the last two years have executives, etc. The Y. W. C. A. emhad their steadying influence. The ployment bureau in Rio de Janeiro is extent to which China has been opened the only one of its kind in all Brazil. up during the last few years is mar- Here, too, the Y. W. C. A. has found velous. Many roads have been built, something of universal friendliness and when one realizes that every good that has become an international bond road means the bringing of literacy for many women and girls who are a little nearer to the women of China, learning to work and play together, the advantage is more than material. irrespective of nationality, or race or Eighty~five per cent of China's 400, creed. The Y. W. C. A. in Chile 000,000 are living in country districts. proved its need when there came a The Young Women's Christian Asso- great financial crash to that country ciation began sending out women with and women who had never earned a primers in their hands when the jour- penny were forced into gainful emney was both hazardous and painful, ployment. In Uruguay, in Mexico, requiring many days in the most in the Philippine Islands, in one counprimitive of conveyance. Today when try after another women are coming the Y. W. C. A. goes beyond the city forward in business, social and legisgates it is over roads so good that it lative life, with the result that conis possible in the same period of time ditions for all women, and hence for to reach ten times the number of the country itself, are looking up. It women. is doubtful if there is a place on the map today where women are not ex- The census returns show that 8,- erting an influence undreamed of a 167,000 women in Japan are employed decade ago. as bread winners as against 7,803,000 men, the explanation of the prepon- ISABELLA THOBURN OOLLEGE derance of women workers being that their wages are smaller than those of By MARJORIE DIMMITT the men. They do the work equally Member of the Faculty well, and are preferred because they Isabella Thoburn College is alive- work for less. The statement is made vigorously, progressively alive. Its that one woman out of two in Japan student body of a hundred and fifty is gainfully employed., It is increas- has increased two hundred per cent in

ten years. Our dormitories are full. the very day when she wanted to pre- The addition of library and science side at a university meeting that Mr. wings to Nichols Hall is imperative if Gandhi was to address. The babe we are to accommodate those who are was within a week enrolled in our asking admittance. Until we can build class of 1948. the third arm of the building, an audience hall, even a fly added to our num- The achievements of these daughbers will have to sit on the ceiling to ters of India make us proud. One be accommodated at chapel. The of them after two years of college left faculty of twenty-four is efficient, and to take over a school for Moslem girls adequate for a larger student body. with some forty pupils. Going from In tune with the spirit of the times house to house in her conservative city it is almost half Indian. she eloquently urged mothers to trust their daughters to the tightly cur- Many is the graduate who refers to tained carts she would send to take the College as "heaven on earth." It them to school. Within six months means freedom and opportunity in a she had raised the enrolment to two way that American girls can scarcely hundred and twenty-five. She had only understand. Freedom here is new, an old soap factory for a school buildand girls come to college not because ing, so she and the children themit is the style to be educated, but be- selves whitewashed it into purity, a cause they have compelling ambitions. real feat of character for a highelass Clutnd Bagh overflows with the activ- Indian girl. One of last year's graduities that every college has-dramat- ates is deep in a battle now with the ics, clubs, sports, ceremonials, besides amazing ignorance and seclusion of studies. The dominant spirit is Chris- Moslem women in Calcutta. As the tian, and the one-third of the student only trained teacher in a large school body that is Hindu and Moslem comes she has to .undergo heroic efforts for under the spell of our Master Spirit, each reform she achieves. Hindu, never to be released from that mas- Moslem, or Christian-each girl who tery. A typical reaction came last year leaves our gates goes out to struggles when a Moslem graduate back on a that require the heroism of a pioneer visit expressed dissatisfaction at the to meet. They must do the bulk of the atmosphere of the Moslem school in work, but to share, even remotely in which she was teaching. "Ah, Jamela. lifting India's womanhood by helping the trouble is you have lived in a to enlarge the scope of Isabella Tho- Christian atmosphere so long that burn College is to put oneself on the nothing less will satisfy you now," high road to romance. Miss Shannon said. "Yes, that's it," she agreed. "People there are not lov- THE CROWD HAS NO MIND ing and unselfish." Contrihuted by President Hoover to the YaZe After graduation our students scat- New8. ter throughout this needy land, sharing the light they "receive to give." Leadership is a quality of the individ- They are strong, developed characters, ual. It is the individual alone who can contrasting amazingly with Indian function in the world of intellect and in women who have not had their oppor- the field of leadership. tunities. Most of those who are not married are teachers or doctors, and If democracy is to secure its authorieven marriage frequently does not in- ties in morals, religion, and statesmanterfere with careers in this land of ship, it must stimulate leadership from cheap servants. Last year one gradu- its own mass. ate, studying at the men's university for her master's degree requested ten Human leadership cannot be repl~n­ days' leave-to have a baby! And she ished by selection like queen bees, by was much upset because it arrived on divine right, or bureaucracies, but by the free rise of ability, character and intelligence. Even so, leadership cannot, no matter how militant, carry progress far ahead of the average mass of indi- vidual units.

Progress of the nation is the sum of progress in its individuals. Acts and

ideas that lead to progress are bam out .of the SermQn .on the MQunt. In all of the womb of the individual mind, not sacred and prQfane histQry, there out of the mind of the crowd. never lived but .one Man whQ CQuid qualify as a hundred per cent Ameri- The crowd only feels; it has no mind can, and men whQ deny .or abridge the of its own which can plan. rights .of .others fQr religion or race shQuld remember that Man was a Jew! The crowd is credulous. It destroys, it consumes, it hates, and it dreams, but LYNCHINGS IN THE UNITED it never builds. STATES SINCE 1885 It is one of the most profound and im- Compiled for the 1931 W,wld Almanac, by portant of exact psychological truths Honroe N. Work, head of the Research and that man in the mass does not think but Record Department of the Tuskegee Normal only feels. The mob functions only in a and IndustrIal Institute and editor of the wo'rld of emotion. Negro Year Book.

The demagogue feeds on mob emotions, Year I White I Negro I Total and his leadership is the leadership of 1885 ……. 106 emotion, not the leadership of intellect 1886 …. .. …… . 78 184 and progress. 1887 67 71 138 , 42 80 122 Popular desires are no criteria to the real need; they can be determined only 1888 · …… 47 95 142 by deliberative consideration, by educa- 1889 • • • • • 0. 81 95 176 tion, by constructive leadership.-The 1890 ……. 90 127 World Almanac, 1931. 1891 ………………… 37 121 192 1892 71 155 255 ONE HUNDRED PER CENT 1893 ·. . .. . . 100 154 200 1894 . .. . . 46 134 190 AMERICANS 1895 56 112 171 , 59 80 131 By the editor of the Rockvllle, Indiana 122 166 Tribune.; quoted in Twice Thirty, autobiog· . 102 127 raphy by the late" Edward W. Bok. 1896 51 84 107 44 107 115 There Is no such thing as a "hun- · …… • •• 0 .,. 25 dred per cent American." MQst .of 23 us are dQing right well if we can 1897 qualify as .one-half per cent Americans. What is a hundred per cent · 1898 …… American? Let us name a few things · 1899 …… that none will deny as being among 1900 • •••• o' 8 the attributes that define a hundred ·· .. ···1 1901 28 107 135 per cent American. He must first .of 10 86 96 all, before considering his own rights, 1902 •.••. o. 18 86 104 have a higher regard fQr the rights 1903 83 .of .others ; he must .obey the laws- 1904 4 87 nQt the laws he chQQses himself tQ 1905 5 61 66 .obey and demands enfQrcement on 1906 ……. 8 64 72 .others, but all the laws. He mu-st 1907 ………….. 3 60 63 never swear falsely tQ a tax return; 1908 7 93 100 he must never run his automQbile .on 1909 ……. 14 73 87 the public highway faster than the 1910 · .. . . 9 65 74 speed laws declare; he must .observe 1911 . .. . . ." . 8 63 71 whatever laws are made tQ pre-serve 1912 , …… 4 60 64 the sacredness .of the Sabbath; his 1913 ……. 1 51 52 daily life, and particularly his nightly 49 52 life, must be such a-s tQ cause his fel- 1914 • • • • • 0- 3 lQW citizens to respect him as a man 1915 ·. …… 13 54 6'7 .of high mQrality. And abQve all, when 1916 …… 4 50 54 it CQmes tQ casting stQnes, he must ………….' 36 38 1917 ……. 2 60 64 himself be with.out sin. 1918 ……. 4 76 83 To be "one hundred per cent Ameri- 1919 ……. 7 53 61 1920 ……. 8 59 64 can" a man must be .one hundred per 1921 5 51 57 cent Christian. He must always and 1922 6 29 33 everywhere .observe the Golden Rule. 1923 4 He must put in practice the precepts 1924 0 16 16 1925 . . . . . . .·1 0 17 17 23 30 1926 7 16 16 0 1927 1 10 1928 3 7 11 1929 …….·1 10 24 25 1930 1 …. ··1 Total 1,050 3,252 4,312

A law of 1909 made education com-

Churches Welcome Indian Viceroy pulsory and most of it is free. The government expenditure for this pur- T ORD IRWIN, on his arrival in Lon- pose has been ten million pesos a year 1…..1 don, was greeted by representa- but the law has never been adequately enforced and there have been only tives of the churches, headed by the 30,000 small public schools for six mil- Archbishop of Canterbury. Lord Ir- lion children of school age. Over 45% win's work in India, as the Christian of the population can neither read nor World puts it, has been "a distinct write. (In the Netherlands the perasset to the Christian cause," for "he centage is less than one per cent.) has nobly witnessed for Christ in high places, regardless alike of men'·s praise President Alcala Zamora has anor of their blame." A Manchester nounced that the Government will help GuaTdian correspondent reports a sig- the small farmers with loans at 5 per nificant remark made to him by a well- cent interest on crops already sown. known Indian politician, himself a Brahmin, who said that, after one of New Jewish Movement the Viceroy's interviews with Gandhi Lord Irwin remarked, "I assure you T HE "Elia Movement" among Jews that all your deliberations will have in Germany is an inner synagogal my best wishes and my prayers." Christward move, under the leadership "We haven't had," commented the of some men of undoubted ability. Brahmin, "an Englishman in any po- Unfortunately these men speak disresition in authority in India who would spectfully of other efforts to evanhave dared say that, no, not for fifty gelize the Jewish people, and thus years." Lord Irwin showed himself to Hebrew Christians and all those inbe a man of strong religious convic- terested in winning the Jew to Christ tions, and that is a characteristic that can only watch this movement with counts for much with the leaders of prayerful interest, trusting to see in Indian public opinion. A deep impres- it a real turning of Jewish hearts to sion was made by the fact that, in re- Christ. The movement is parallel with mote corners of India, the viceregal Zionism.

train would be stopped on Sunday P. T. L. Among the Portuguese T mornings S'O that Lord Irwin might HE Pocket Testament League has recently been started in Portugal attend some wayside church.-The Churchman. and Bible reading is promoted among Drive Against Illiteracy in Spain the Portuguese-speaking people. In- terest in the Bible grew when enquir- T HE new Republican government ers began to compare the Bibles which has taken the first step to free had been distributed among them with Spain from illiteracy. On May 28 that which bore the imprimatur of plans were announced for expending Rome. It was a critical moment as 2,300,000 pesetas (about $230,000), to passage after passage wa·s compared construct secondary schools in various and found to be practically identical.

towns. Several at once decided to follow the A law of 1857 ordained primary Lord Jesus, and in other hearts the education and every town of 500 or light dawned more slowly, but from more was to have regular instruction. that time there was steady progress.

621

There is now a fine evangelical con- Ru.sian Futurist Town gregation of Portuguese-speaking folk ON THE East side of the Ural, in numbering over 140. Hitherto their the neighborhood of the enormous spiritual needs have been seriously ore deposits of the so-called Magnet neglected, in spite of their compara- Mountain, a communistic town will tive readiness to receive the Gospel. ari·se in the middle of the Steppes.

The town will be given the name of Protestants in Rumania Magnitogorst and will have a popula- T HE Reformed Church in Rumania tion of 200,000. The town must be has two districts comprising 816 finished in 1937. The Frankfort archicongregations, with 880 ministers in tect, Mr. E. May, has drawn up the charge of 780,000 souls. The relation plans. It will be built on a spacious between this Church and the State has scale, with many parks. The Russian improved of late years, although there Peoples Commissioner writes as fol- are still some regrettable stipulations lows: "The dwellings for all inhab- made, unfavorably affecting minority itants will be the same. Till their Churches (e.g., in religious educa- 16th year, all children will be edu- tion) ; and the Church is at peace with cated in a town-institution where the other Churches, although concerned parents will be allowed to visit them over the great Romanist propaganda but not too frequently. The fathers (e.g., encouraging of mixed marriages and the mothers name may not be in which both parties are readily used. C<lmmunism aims at the de- bound to Rome). Rationalism and a struction of the family and the crea- variety of faddist creeds also cause tion of the collectivist man and wom- anxiety. But the inner life of the an. Cooking will take place in a central Church is healthy and hope-promoting. kitchen and the meals eaten in com- A useful new liturgy has been pre- mon." Towns of this nature, but on pared giving guidance according to a smaller scale are in Stalingrad and Reformed principles, and an adequate Soffrino, near Moscow.

curriculum of religious education has been devised, based on the Heidelberg AFRICA Catechism, which has also been reis- Political Situation in Egypt sued for daily use along with Bible T AST summer Nahas Pasha, the .I…J head of the Nationalist Party, preand hymnary.

Conferences, schools, lectures, and sented to the King his resignation ow- literary activities are helpfully pro- ing to friction between him and His moted in spite of discouraging restric- Majesty. To his amazement, the King tions, and teachers are being carefully accepted his resignation and was able trained in the best modern methods. to find a vigorous personality to as- Missionary interest grows steadily. A sume the leadership in the Cabinet in hopeful new feature is the wonderful- a de facto government. The National- ly promising work of the 300 Women's ist Party sought to express the dis- Associations with their 12,000 mem- satisfaction of the people by a series bers all immersing themselves increas- of demonstrations but in every case ingly in philanthropic, ameliorative, the demonstration was prevented by and preventive work. The 432 Sun- police and army. A new Constitution day-schools are making encouraging was announced. It would be easy to progress. Here, and in Y. M. C. A. be cynical with reference to the de- work, the greatest stress is laid on velopment of the new Governments in Bible study. A stewardship move- the Near East and the Orient. A dis- ment-towards systematic liberality- cerning student of human progress has had an auspicious beginning.- will look below the wave·s to the ocean Pr(}f. Imre, in the "Quarterly Regis- tides and if so, he will see in the po- ter" (}f the Alliance (}f Reformed litical development of lands like Egypt Churches. a steady progress in their apprehen-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sion of what democracy means, what chief native commissioner for South- parliamentary government represents, ern Rhodesia to the British Govern- and a steady mastery, if a slow one, ment: of the lesson of self-control, intelli- "To mission credit stands the al- gent judgment, and practical-minded- most accomplished cessation of twin ness. murders, and it is only a question of time when the same mission influence Egyptian Girl Receives American will bring to an end what the law can- Degree not destroy, the pledging of infant E VEN the casual visitor knows the girls in marriage." life of seclusion that is led by the women of Egypt. In contrast to all New Church for Johannesburg A this, at this year's Commencement ex-T JOHANNESBURG, So. Africa, the corner stone for a new Methercises the American University at Cairo graduated the first Egyptian odist Episcopal church for natives was girl t{) secure an American B.A. de- officially laid. More than 100 Eurogree in Egypt. The audience of dis- peans and several hundred natives tinguished Egyptians was most enthu- were present. The new church will siastic when Mi·ss Eva Habib, the cost about $6,000 and the native Chris- daughter of the Secretary of the tians-most of whom earn only $250 Egyptian Senate, won this honor. This a year-have pledged to pay one-half young lady has not only won this cov- the amount required. There are 80,000 eted degree, but has made an enviable Portuguese East African natives on record in her studies and other college the Rand.

activities. During her senior year, she was editor-in-chief of the college Railroad. in Southwest Africa paper. 'l' HE great railroad which is to run .1 from the Bay of Whales in South- Progress in Yoruba west Africa to the copper and coal T WENTY years ago the OW{) dis- mines of Rhodesia is offering many trict of the C. M. S., Yoruba Mis- opportunities to the Rhenish Society sion, possessed three paid African working in this part of Africa. One workers, two of whom were supported of theil' missionaries is carrying on a by funds from England. Today the most promising work among the labor- workers number 157, and this in spite ers that are gathering here from all of the fact that three areas which for- over Africa.

merly belonged to Owo district are now worked separately and have their WESTERN ASIA own staff. Only two of the 157 are Alien Schools in Turkey A supported from England; all the restN ATTACK on foreign educational institutions in Turkey was made are paid from local funds. For the whole Owo district, however, there are at a meeting of the Association for only two African clergy; and Canon Fostering Turkish Culture in Smyrna.

Jebb is at the moment the only active Mouheddin Bey, president of the As- worker in priest.s' orders, for one of sociation, said that Turkish children the pastors is a deacon and the other in foreign schools had to guard has been in the hospital for several against two danger.s, religious propa- months past. ganda and ideas contrary to the spirit of nationalism. The history of the InAuence of Mission. American college, he said, proved GOVERNMENTS in Africa appre- clearly that it was a missionary insti- ciate the quiet but important tution. Past experience had shown service that is rendered by mission- that Turkish students who entered as aries. This may be gleaned from a good Mohammedans had graduated paragraph from the report of the wearing crosses on their breasts.

Therefore, he argued, it was time they Church, at Etchmiadzin, is not in Ar- should safeguard themselves against menia, but in Russia, and is theref.ore such institutions. Mouheddin Bey's confiscated, and is used, under Soviet speech was loudly applauded, but as rule, as a barracks for a detachment soon as the applause ended the head of the Red Army. Its famous library of the college adjourned the meeting has been plundered, its schools closed.

despite protests of the students-New Indeed, the only schools for the York Times. training of clergy now allowed to function at all are, first, that of the Jews Welcomed in Hebron patriarchate at Jerusalem (where a HEBRON, scene of the Jewish mas- priest of the American Church, Canon sacre of 1929, staged a very dif- Bridgeman, is a member of the staff), ferent performance recently. The New and also that of the Catholicate of Sis York Times reports that twenty Arab in Cilicia. Catholicate, for a long tIme notables on the eve of the Jewish a merely honorary and nominal post, Feast of Pentecost came out to greet has now become one of the key-points the Scrolls of the Law, which were of the Armenian Church, and its school ceremoniously reinstalled in a tem- near Beirut does its work in a building porary synagogue, kissed the ,scrolls, erected for the purposes of the Near begged the forgiveness of the lrl>d of East Relief. It was handed over to the Torah for Arabs having harmed Jews Armenian Church for educational pur- and swore to safeguard Jewish resi- poses when the first need was no long- dents in the future. "We have not suf- er urgent-and it is supported by the fered half the trials and tribulations Armenians of Beirut, Paris, and New we deserve for murdering your breth- York.-W. A. Wigram.

ren," said one of the Arabs to Haim Bajayo, a shephardic rabbi, who con- A Widow from Yezd A ducted the ,scrolls back to Hebron. The POOR widow of fifty years of age, had begged and borrowed from same Arab guarded Jewish worshippers on their festival visit to the friends and neighbors a sufficient sum Patriarch's cave at Machpelah, pro- to enable her to pay for her transpor- tecting them against possible molesta- tation to the sacred city of Meshed.

tion. Thirty Jewish families now re- She was quietly happy in her humble side in Hebron; more are expected to way, as ·she commenced the long jour- return later. ney to the tomb of the saint.

It was Khadijeh's first journey, how- T.he Armenian Church ever, and her seat on the high, sway- T HE position of the Armenian ing camel was none too secure. She Church continues to give anxiety dozed and jerked awake, fearing lest to its friends. The Church in its own she slip off her precarious seat.

lands remains in a pitiful condition. Suddenly Khadijeh found herself on Its existence is allowed in the tiny the ground. The caravan stopped.

Armenian republic of Transcaucasia, Fellow-pilgrims slid off their beasts but in Turkey all its monasteries and and, with the camel-men, gathered all of its forty-four episcopal seats around the groaning woman. Poor have been destroyed, all its church Khadijeh attempted to rise but fell property confiscated, even the ceme- back with a moan. A camel-man doc- teries where the dead repose desecrat- tor diagnosed her condition as a bro- ed, and thousands of its priests are . ken leg, bound it to a board and pre- dead, in and since the War. pared a place for her in a palanquin There are still some 30,000 Armeni- swung on the top of a camel. With ans in Turkey, but these have only old much groaning Khadijeh continued priests to minister to them, and per- her journey.

mission to ordain new ones is refused. When Meshed was reached, the Meantime, the old headquarters of the travelers carried Khadijeh to the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Shrine, for they all felt that the power Mr. Gandhi and the Gospel of Imam Reza could heal her broken bone. But the pain increased and after ASTATEMENT by Mr. Gandhi on three days of neglect Khadijeh began the work of foreign missionaries to have doubts of Imam Reza's power in the future self-governing India has to heal. She thought of the American been the occasion of a great contro- Hospital only a mile away and she versy. Dr. Stanley Jones has adpersuaded two of the pilgrims to car- dressed a long open letter to Mr. ry her there, where she was accepted Gandhi on the subject. Comments as an in-patient. An X-ray showed have been appearing in Protestant and that her leg was broken near the hip. Roman Catholic journals. Mr. Gandhi She was bathed, put into clean hos- deals with this controversy in Young pital clothes and a freshly made bed. India, and says that his statement What comfort! the first she had had should have been as follows: "If infor six weeks since that fall off the stead of con3.ning themselves purely camel one night out of Yezd. She to humanitarian work such as educalooked at the wall of the ward and saw tion, medical services to the poor and there a large picture of the Good the like, the missionaries would use Shepherd. Daily she heard the mes- these activities of theirs for the pursage of His life, His death and His pose of proselytizing, I would certainly resurrection, and slowly she realized like them to withdraw. Every nation that He was ker Saviour and that her considers its own faith to be as good pilgrimage of forty nights had not as that of any other. Certainly the been in vain. great faiths held by the people of India are adequate for her people. INDIA, BURMA, SIAM India stands in no need of conversion from one faith to another." He says: Hindu-Moslem Division "I hold that proselytizing under the cloak of humanitarian work is, to say T HE Gandhi-Irwin pact has been the least, unhealthy. It is resented by ratified by the Indian National the people here…. Why should I Congress, and Mr. Gandhi has been change my religion because a doctor appointed the .sole delegate to any con- who professes Christianity as his reliference at which the congress delega- gion has cured me of some disease or tion is desired by the government. why should the doctor expect or sug- There are some who believe that Hin- gest such a change whilst I am under du-Moslem riots are due to the activi- his influence? Or why should I whilst ties of a third party. Such activities, if I am in a missionary educational inany, bear fruit only because in both stitution .have Christian teaching communities there are a large number thrust upon me?"-The Christian Cenof persons who nurse old religious animosities and who Jive in fear of the tury. other community which may happen to be in power when self-government Mr. Gandhi and Missionaries comes. The All-India Moslem conference has declared itself solidly in favor SOME years ago Mr. Gandhi is reof ·separate electorates for Moslems, ported to have said that from the and has thus made the work of Mr. Sermon on the Mount he received the Gandhi extremely difficult. These reso- inspiration to start his campaign of lutions, together with the Cawnpore nonviolent noncooperation. Dr. Stanriot, are advanced as a justification ley Jones in "The Christ of Every for the British to remain in India and Road" writes: "I sat on the floor in keep peace between the two communi- the Ashram of Gandhi and listened ties.-The Christian Century. to an address given to a small group of the International Fellowship..• All 5 the time he was speaking I could not keep my eyes from a little picture just above his head. It was a picture of'

Christ upon the cross. As Gandhi almost no newspapers are read in the finished his address he turned towards country; that ways of disseminating us and said, 'Will you sing "When I ideas are extremely limited, and that Survey the Wondrous Cross.'" There thousands of people assemble on "mar- we sat-Hindu, Moslem, Christian- ket days." On such days, a wheel- and these who knew it sang it, some barrow gets a hearing.

of us with deeper meaning than ever Here are some of the exhibits: before." Model of a good road, and beside it a Now Mr. Gandhi said to the Mis- bad road. On the good road will be sionary Conference at Nagpur a few shown a man, prosperous, and wheel- years ago: "Today the missionaries ing his barrow in comparative ease.

tell people there is no salvation for Good roads will eliminate one large them except through the Bible and factor in famines. Other exhibits will through Christianity…. Do not be al- be of model wells which the villagers ways trying to preach your doctrines. may dig so as to have water available 'Christ never preached himself or any for irrigation during drought. Now ,dogma or doctrine." Bishop Badley in they depend on ponds. Another ex- his episcopal address at the last Cen- hibit will demonstrate reforestation.

tral Conference said: "The superficial- There will be health exhibits urging ity of this statement on Christ's teach- vaccination and other preventive meas- ing may be overlooked, but what shall ures. Agricultural exhibits will teach we do in the ·face of such an exhorta- the farmers how to treat their seed tion? … God's gift of eternal life wheat for preventi~n of disease, and through Jesus Christ is free to all other pests. Improved seed wheat will men, and nowhere can it be shown be shown and even sold. An evangel- that we have taken from any man his ist, a medical worker and agricultural liberty to accept or reject the Gospel specialist will accompany the wheel- message. We must, therefore maintain barrow.

our right, in the truest interest of I s India herself, to preach, baptize and Baptisms in Burma. teach, and so build the Church of THERE any other place in Burma Christ." Mr. Gandhi's utterance that where Christmas is celebrated by missionaries should withdraw when an early morning service such as that Swaraj comes, because he disfavors among the Kachins in Namhkam?

conversion, must make every Chris- About 4: 30 a. m., while the surround- tian, missionary or nonmissionary, ing world is steeped in sleep, lanterns think how he should act if Mr. Gand- in colorful display are lit all around hi's threat materializes. If Christian our compound and the large gong peels Indians feel a call to go and preach out its slow, dull, vibrating sound.

Christ outside India, may God enable We gather for a service of song, them to do so.-T. K. R. prayer and preaching which usually lasts until first signs of dawn.

Practical Gift from India. Christmas time seemingly helps the W HEN China's hunger suffering Kachins to turn their minds God- was reported to United Christian ward. We have had not less than ten Mission churches in India they not great Christmas gatherings where the only prayed-they sent real money. people came to meet and rejoice for a Realizing that the best relief is to period of two days. During the two help prevent a return of famine, the weeks following Christmas the Nam- ones to whom this money was entrust- hkam pastor and I baptized not less ed decided to fit up a ''Wheelbarrow than 152 Christians.

Exhibition." To understand its possi- In Maymyo there is a steady quiet bilities, one must know that nothing revival among the Kachin soldiers.

larger than a wheelbarrow can tra- Practically every month there is a verse the typical Chinese road; that large number of baptisms. The en-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

couraging feature of this movement is Why Students are Irreligious that it is carried on among the soldiers LAST autumn the principal of the themselves. Practically all the higher Middle School, the largest govern- Kachin officers, even the Subedar Ma- ment school in Yanchow, Kiangsu, jor, are earnest Christians.-Gustaf asked me to teach senior English to A. Sword, in "The News." his students. This has given me a good opportunity to observe the way Mother of BnrDla MethodisDl things are run in a government school, T HE foundation of the new edifice and also the minds of the students. of First Methodist Church, Ran- They seem to be growing increasingly friendly. In their desire to appear goon, Burma, was laid last March, its mlightened they accept the dictum of third building since the commence- the new intelligentsia that religion is a superstitious survival from the days ment of Methodist work in that city of prehistoric man's undeveloped menin 1879. Starting with street preach- tality. Never having seen anything ing in Tamil and Telugu there grew but false religion and ignorant of what up congregations which were the small Christianity represents, they have beginnings of the Tamil, Telugu, Hin- lumped all religion in the same catedustani, Burmese and Chinese work. gory. They are young, things have "Today," says the Rev. D. C. Bald- been coming their own way, and they win, Pastor, "the First Methodist may not have felt any particular need Church shar.es the challenge of the for religion. But as their experience new Burma. The promise of separa- deepens, they feel the need and therein tion indicates a new day for this land lies our opportunity.-Rev. E. H. Forof pagodas. In this brighter future ster, in The Spirit of Missions. our people would share the burdens of citizenship side by side with the peo- ples of other races and faiths. We Laboratory of Christianity believe that Christian character makes substantial citizens; we face the new CHRISTIAN work in the island of day with confidence, assured that we Hainan was opened forty – nine will find our best safeguard by play- years ago. An adventurous Scandi-. ing our part in serving Burma with navian sea captain turned missionary, the highest ideals of our Master." explored the little known island and reported to the Presbyterian Canton CHINA MLssion, which accepted responsibility More Bandits and Missionaries for developing work there. Steadily and successfully preaching, teaching ON JULY 4TH the notorious Com- and healing, have made progress. munist leader in Western Hupeh Curiously enough, several stages of Province, "General" Ho Lun, released its evolution have been skipped; from the Rev. Oscar Anderson after nearly bean oil wicks she jumped to 50 watt three months of captivity on payment bulbs, from solid wheeled vehicles to of a large ransom in medical supplies 1931 models. Small, modern cities furnished by the Swedish mission. Ho now flourish and an up-to-date hos- Lun is reported as storming towns be- pital has just been opened in Hoihow.

tween the Han and the Yangtzse Its isolation led Russian agitators Rivers (west and northwest Hankow). five years ago to select it as "A Lab- He still holds captive Bishop Ricci and oratory ,of Communism," and Com- four Catholic priests from the Laoho- munists, both Russian and Chinese, kow mission for the release of whom have sought by indoctrination, intimi- he is demanding a $75,000 ransom. dation, misrepresentation, and worse The foreign missionarie·s in North- to make the island Communist. A western Hupeh are gathered at Laoho- campaign of terrorism furced the kow. evacuation of many members of the

mission for one or two years. Finally become loyal and useful citizens of the government expelled the worst China, and may be prepared to aid agitators, but only temporarily as they in building up and strengthenirtg are again active. Few roads are safe their respective communities along for travel,; block houses line the hill moral, intellectual, and humanitarian tops along the highways; towns and lines, and to promote the general purvillages are under constant guard. poses had in mind by each of the sev- eral missionary societies in establish- Here is an excellent opportunity to ing its educational work in China. make the island "A Laboratory of Christianity." The Presbyterian Board Christianity aud National Differences is the only one at work there. When four of its representatives paid a re- TONG-STANDING as have been the cent visit, the president of the Chamber. of Commerce said: "Hainan is L differences between Japan and deeply grateful for the effective and sacrificial service of the American China, an interdenominational confermissionaries, and we want them to ence held in Shantung, China, had stay forever."-George T. Scott. for its principal speakers Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, General Secretary of the Educational Union in Central China National Christian Council of China, and Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, Japan's A PLAN is under consideration for great Christian Socialist. "It was an the affiliation, in Wuchang, China, evidence of the power of Christian exunder the name of Hua Chung (Cen- perience to triumph over national diftral China) College, of the work of ferences that the Chinese delegates higher education hitherto conducted could give such a cordial welcome to a by various missions in several cities Japanese leader," declares Grace M. in central China. Breck of Lintsing. Dr. Kagawa be- gan by apologizing for the political The following institutions are in- wrongs of Japan against China. His cluded in the plan: Boone College, sweet spirit soon won all hearts. The maintained by the American Protes- Chinese delegates prayed in Chinese; tant Episcopal Church; Wesley Col- Kagawa in Japanese; the foreigners lege, maintained by the English sometimes in English-but they all Methodists; Griffith John College, understood the spirit. As all rose to maintained by the English Congre- sing at closing, "God Be With You gationalists; Lakeside College, main- Till We Meet Again," all felt, as Miss tained by the Reformed Church in the Breck expresses it, "the reality of United States, at Yochow, and Yale- Christian unity and fellowship regardin-China, maintained by the Yale less of national or lingual differences." Foreign Missionary Society, at Chang- -The Congregationalist. aha. Bandits and Pastors Hua Chung College will have a Chinese president, and a board of direc- T HE Chinese Christian pastor made tors resident in China, of whom prisoner by bandits endures suftwo-thirds will be Chinese. A board ferings about which the world never of trustees in the United States re- hears. Mr. Jen's ·salary is nine dolsponsible for the general administra- lars a month-barely sufficient to cover tion will hold property not yet owned the mast meager expenses. Jen owned by the affiliating institutions. some farm land, upon which, of neces- sity, he was semi-dependent. He was The purpose of Hua Chung College captured by bandits with other prisonshall be to provide for the youth of ers, some of whom were beaten, muti- China a college education of high, lated and killed. Before he was free, standard with a view to developing his family had to sell his farm and character and intellectual capacity in give more than :tour hundred dollars its students, in order that they may

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to his captors…. Twenty-five miles he could not live. "Then I saw those from Tehchow lived the widow of a Christian women kneel down on the Christian pastor, herself a former fioor, and some with tears, pour out Bible woman. Her husband had car- their hearts in prayer for his life. I ried a thousand dollar insurance policy was not a Christian and had never with a foreign company. Upon his been to church, but even I could feel death the money went to his widow. that influence outside of ourselves that She was abducted and held until her filled that room. In three days the family had turned over twelve hun- child was well and running about the dred dollars, the insurance money plus room. I know there is power outside other savings. Yet, in the face of of us that can help us, and I have such tales, Rev. Leonard Outerbridge come back to Chinkiang determined declares that "this has been the most to be a Christian."–'Mrs. S. C. Far- encouraging year in evangelistic work rior, of Chinkiang.

that I have seen in China."-The Con- Rip Van Winkle China gregationali8t.

Peril in China I T IS interesting to watch this mod- ern Rip Van Winkle emerge from T HE shadow of a new civil war in the customs of hundreds, even thou- China has resulted in all Ameri- sands of years, and become up-to-date. cans near Foochow being warned to This is happening in our part of withdraw to· escape rebels advancing China today, in this provincial capital, down the Min River. General Chiang, Chinkiang, forty miles from the naprofessing little concern for the rebel- tional capital. The streets that have lion in the South, has taken the field been so narrow that you could almost to crush Hunan and Kiang·si Province touch the two sides with your outbandits and then he promises to retire stretched arms .are now broad streets from office to repudiate assertions that with wide pavements, a credit to any he desired to become a dictator or to town. As you step out of the way of found a new dynasty. Coincident with the wheelbarrow or the ricksha you assertions that the Southern China in- have to be careful not to be run over surgents were Communists, encour- by the automobiles and trucks that are aged by Russian cooperation, the gov- whizzing by. We used to see men ernment announced Nationalist troops strolling down the street, hand in had defeated 20,000 bandit Reds of hand. like a couple of school girls but Southern Kiangsi.-New York Times. now we may see young men and wom- en enjoying the companionship of each Christian Influence other as in America. Straw-covered huts are still to be A STRANGER came into the church seen, even on the new streets, and by one Sunday (at Chinkiang), an the side a very up-to-date building hour before the time for service, and with a concrete wall. A man with the just sat there. She had no friends in latest-cut foreign clothes, with pressed the church; no one had asked her to trousers and the latest style overcoat, come; nothing human had been may find his way blocked and speed brought to bear upon her coming. SM lessened by one who still ambles along said that she wanted to be a Chris- in his blue bags of pants and his tian, and the Sunday before had come queue tied around his head.

to church at eight o'clock instead of In this convulsion of 400,000,000 ten. As no one came in, she went people can be seen the new life pre- home, then came again the next Sun- dominating, then the old seemingly day at nine o'clock. She said that she swallowing it up, and then again the had been visiting in Shanghai when new coming to the top until a lasting the grandson of a Christian became ill impression is made.-Mr8. S. C. Far- with meningitis and the doctor said rior.

JAPAN, KOREA the children were surprisingly quiet Women Buddhist Priests and orderly. There were between two T HE Shingon -sect of Buddhism in and three hundred there. While the Japan has adopted another modern evangelist handled the projector, the innovation, namely, the ordination of Japanese pastor told the story which includes an outline of the life of women to the priesthood. American Christ. Tracts were distributed among the people in the audience. and European missionary methods Barber shops in Japan are open have been copied for a number of every day from early morning until late at night but they are closed one years, such as opening Shuynmdnasy-ssuchnogolts~ day each month, on the seventeenth. founding orphanages, Accordingly this barber has arranged to have a church service once a month Gospel tunes, but with different words at his home, always on the seventeenth whether it comes on Sunday or not. as "Safe in the arms of Buddha ,; They are also preparing to have a Sunday-school every other week, but "Onward, Buddhist Soldiers," and the that, too, will have to be on some other day than Sunday because the pastor establishment of a Young Men's Bud- working in that district already has a ful! Sunday program.-Charles M. Ledhist Association. Women priests are Galley, in "Outlook of Missions."

to pass an examination before ordi- nation, according to a recent confer- ence held in Kyoto, dress their hair in sober fashion, and wear no colored vestm~nts. They may not, however, serve III the large and more important temples, but are to be appointed to the branch temples of which there are nearly 10,000 in Japan, and of which "I number nearly one-fifth are at present The Value of Kindergartens without priests. N J APAN mothers have little idea of training and governing their How a Barber HelpB children," writes Miss Cornelia Jud- A BOUT a month ago I had an in- son of Matsuyama, Japan. "Many lit- tle ones come to us showing that they 1.. teresting peep into the rural life have never yet known the way of obedience. Here they first learn (most of Japan and the work that is being come from non-Christian homes) that done by evangelists in the villages there is a Father-God watching them where there are no Christian churches. loving them, wanting them to be kind: The evangelist from the Reformed truthful, obedient, unselfish, and the Church Mission at Sendai asked me results of the training are shown in to go along to a community of about the large number (86) of our chil- 800 where he was to help a native dren wh() have become monitors of pastor from a neighboring city give their classes in primary and higher a lantern-slide lecture based on Van schools. Our Night Scho()l Sunday- Dyke's story, "The Other Wise Man." school with an attendance of about 150 is largely composed ()f children who There is no church or pastor in this have been in the Kindergarten; others community but a barber and one or attend the Church Sunday-schools. All two others in the village are Chris- Christian workers in Japan are very tians and they had arranged that this strongly emphatic about the value of service -should be held. teaching the little children."

We were taken to a warehouse which was already jammed with people, a large proportion of whom were children. There were no seats of any sort and the room was not heated al- A New Church in Korea T though it was the middle of February HE union of the two Methodist churches in Korea was not the with snow on the ground. The crowd was squatted on the floor as close to- patching together of two similar gether as they could be packed and ready-made systems. It was a case of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

thinking through policies, plans, and of a church service in America at 2 : 00 doctrines to find what was best for a P. M. in mid-summer heat, with a modern church in a new field. semi-tropic sun added, attracting a Take, for example, the episcopacy. capacity audience as a regular and not There was a strong sentiment in favor an extraordinary thing. The Chris- of a "president" who would be a pre- tians in Pyengyang go to church by siding officer of assemblies rather than the thousands.

a bishop or full-time paid leader. They More than 900 Christians in a coun- wanted to make sure that there would try circuit pledged themselves recently be no third order or apostolic succes- to work definitely for the conversion sion ideas in the new church. When of three friends, each praying daily they decided to have a general super- for them throughout a six months'

intendent they proceeded to limit his period. As a result, every church has powers in such a way that democracy a large growth in membership and should have a chance. two doubled in size.-The Presbyte- Baron Yun, the leading Southern rian.

Methodist layman, feared at one time that too many new things might be ISLANDS OF THE SEA adopted. He urged moderati.on so Philippine CODlDlissioner's Views that the child would be recognized by CAMILO OSIAS, Commissioner for its parents. He claimed that the re- the Philippines in the United port of the commission put the Korean Church 300 years ahead of the mother States, is a product of Christian mischurches and he did not think the mothers would recognize any of those sions. When asked recently whether that· went further. In -substance he said, "We are a young church, only a foreign missions have been of real few years old. The mother churches have lived long-maybe 200 years. We service to the Philippine-s he replied: have given women the right of ordination, and it will take them a hundred Absolutely, and the service has been years to get it in the Southern Meth- most constructive. The Philippines stand odist Church. We have granted lay- as exhibit A, testifying to the efficiency men equal numbers in the Annual Con- of the foreign mission enterprise. Nineference and it will take them a hun- ty-two per cent of our own people are dred years to gain that privilege in nominally Christian, due to the influence the Northern Church." of missions. The American people should not judge the efficacy of missionary work It was not independence that pri- in tenus of church membership or physmarily started the move for this new ical assets alone. It should be judged church, it was the desire and necessity more on the basis of the larger service for union of two small groups in the engendered. Religious freedom, the open face of their mountain-like obstacles. Bible translated into the vernacular, and They have a great opportunity. Help the spirit of democracy are a few of the them meet it.-Dr. George F. Suthe.r- notable fruits of Christianity not meas- urable by statistics.

Dr. Osias feels that missionary ef- fort should stress three points:-de- veloping a deeper spirituality; pro- moting a native Christian literature and striving to secure church union.

land, in "The Christian Advocate." New Zealand-Then and Now Mission Work in Korea NE hundred years ago when Sam- O OREANS packed to the doors, on, K a terribly hot Sabbath afternoon New Zealand, to establish a mission, uel Marsden went to Wainate, in June. What was it-a political the Maoris were cannibal warriors.

meeting, a movie? Neither. It was Sometimes, one of the missionaries the regular church service in West said, he would find in the morning a Church, one of twenty-three Presby- row of heads stuck on his fence. They terian churches in the city and imme- were the evidences of a raid and a diate environs of Pyengyang. Think cannibal feast. Today the Maoris are

Christians, with their own pastors tion into an effective political and and bishops. The first church was educational force. The announcement built at Wainate in 1831 and George originates from a group of individuals Selwyn settled there in 1842. An old upon whom many dry counsellors have Maori spoke as follows at the recent informally laid the responsibility of centenary: "I believe in the Word of leadership with something like a man- God. In Wainate the first school was date. These individuals will begin an opened in New Zealand and there the intensive drive to last from Septem- first oak was planted…. I don't like ber, 1931, to June, 1932, designed to to advise the white folks not to work erect in every county and precinct of on Sundays. The Maoris may do like- the United States a working organiza- wise and spoil their reputation! Unity tion of "Allied Citizens Supporting the is the great thing." Eighteenth Amendment." Three men Captain Rushwork, a member of in the leadership of this aggressive Parliament, said: "When the early program are Dr. Daniel A. Poling, the missionaries came to New Zealand Hon. Oliver W. Stewart and Col. Ray- they had no hope 'of returning home. mond Robins. They have the confi- It was like going to the moon. How dence of the entire dry public and they many of us would volunteer for such a know the problem. They have no pro- service? Today we honor these early fessional connection with any dry law- Christian pioneers while nothing is enforcing or legislative agency. They planned in memory of the traders or stand above the prejudices with which the beachcomber who lived and drank either wets or drys have assailed this riotously." or that agency. They therefore may Seed on Good Ground hope to command a unified response on the part of the dry citizenship. A PATIENT in the Tagbilaran hos- pital, in the Philippines, was The appeal will be addressed to all given a Testament. After recovery he citizens who hold that the traffic in took his Testament with him into the beverage liquor is. a social evil of the distant mountain barrio and later, first magnitude; that prohibition of the traffic by constitutional enactment when a colporteur of the American is the only effective way for American Bible Society was unsuccessfully try- society to deal with it; that, despite ing to sell Bibles in a near-by town, its violation and much weakness in its an inhabitant said to him: "In the enforcement, prohibition is a far hills they are all asking for that book." greater success than the distorted in- The colporteur went to the barrio terpretations given in the dominant indicated and found that the chief man wet press have led many to believe; was the one who had been in the hos- and that the present need is for dry pital at Tagbilaran. This man had been leading his people in Bible study, public sentiment to embody itself in had organized them into a congrega- 'Organized form in order to meet eftion and regular worship was being fectively the present crisis, and to mobilize general public opinion in beheld every Sunday. half of the voluntary observance of "We had no teacher," said he, "so the law.-The Christian Century. we just read the Bible before the peo- ple and let the Bible speak to us. We Million Dollars Put to Work D had no prayer book, so we just closed URING the thirty years of its his- tory, the Bible House of Los our eyes and talked to God." Angeles has received and expended NORTH AMERICA over a million dollars for the dissemi- A Law Observance Ca.m.paign nation of Christian literature. The A COUNTRY-WIDE campaign will Society was organized shortly after be launched in September to or- the close 'Of the Spanish-American ganize the dry sentiment of the na- War for the special purpose of provid-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing Testaments and Gospels for free a great personality and pastor of Sec- distribution among the new Spanish- ond Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh.

speaking citizens of the United States. Dr. Swift received his education at Since that time more than seven mil- Williams College under the powerful lion New Testaments and Scripture missionary influences which flowed Portions have been given without from the Haystack Prayer Meeting of charge to missionaries and colporteurs 1806, was himself accepted for mis- in Spanish-speaking lands throughout sionary appointment but never went to the world. Large editions of similar the field. He was the first secretary literature have been issued in Portu- of the Society.

guese, French, Italian, Arabic, Ger- Africa and India were the first fields man, Chinese, Rausa and Icelandic. of ·service for this new society. On Besides all this, many millions of the January 31, 1832, the society recorded well-known "Underscored" tracts and this action: "Resolved, That in view booklets in several languages have of the spiritual wants of Africa, this been widely scattered. The work is committee will make it their first obsupported wholly by voluntary offer- ject, if the providence of God shall ings. seem to open the way, to plan a mis- sion at some suitable place on that Century of Presbyterian Foreign Mis- continent as soon as the requested 'Sions measures can be adopted to effect that ONE hundred years of organized important end." Rev. John C. Low- Presbyterian Foreign Missions rie, from Western Theological Semiwere celebrated at the meeting of the nary, Pittsburgh, offered himself for General Assembly in Pittsburgh, May service in India, and on May 30, 1833, 28-June 3. The centennial of the or- sailed with Mrs. Lowrie for India.

ganization of the Board will be ob- served in 1937, but the Synod of Experiment in Missionary Education A Pittsburgh in 1831 organized the T THE Madison Avenue Church of Albany, N. Y., one Sunday eve- Western Foreign Missionary Society. The American Board of Commis- ning each month is set aside for mis- sioners for Foreign Missions (Congre- sionary education. Group meetings gational) was organized in 1810 and for informal discussion and questions for many years Presbyterian churches. are held; one group for men, one for sent their foreign mission gifts women, another for boys and girls of through the American Board. Strong high school age, and a fourth for feeling existed, however, that the work young people, the subject again being of foreign missions was an obligation presented at the regular evening serv- of the Church itself in its distinctive ice. Later motion pictures are shown character as a Church and that the and opportunity given for further dis- Assembly should organize its own cussion and questions. Three mission- Board of Foreign Missions. In 1831 aries, Rev. Boude C. Moore, of Japan, the Synod of Pittsburgh, realizing Dr. Taeke Bosch, of China, and Rev.

that the Church itself in its distinc- John D. Muyskens, of India, have as- tive character as a Church is a mis- sisted in the project. The Board of sionary society, organized the Western Foreign Missions has furnished excel- Foreign Missionary Society, and ap- lent motion pictures for $1.50 a reel.

pealed to the whole Church to make Information has been given and inter- sure of its work. The Rev. Dr. Elisha est stimulated in the countries stud- P. Swift was active in promulgating ied; also the meetings have given the the principle that "the work of foreign opportunity for the people, especially missions is not an optional interest the youth, to meet missionaries in w be left by the Church to individuals an informal way.-Christian Intelli- and voluntary associations." He was gencer.

Will the Protes,tant Episcopal Church lineup waiting for a "white collar job,"

Enter India? there are forty-two white men whl} THE committee of the National take precedence over him; if he is in Council of the Protestant Episcopal the unskilled labor group, he must Church reports a letter from the compete against fourteen. The high Archbishop of Calcutta, expressing turnover jobs are his and even here, again the hope that the Church in as well as in the traditional trades of the United States will undertake work his people, such as barbering, serving in India. The Rt. Rev. V. S. Azariah, as waiter, etc., there is a definite trend LL.D., Bishop of Dornakal, urges that to replace him by white labor. No the American Church begin work in matter what his work, his wage is. India in the Singareni area of Dorna- lower than that of the white man in a like position. So the Negro woman kal. turns earner. -Leila A. Rothenberger. Part of this area has been worked by the American Methodist Episcopal Mission but the Methodists have with- New Dry Daily Newspa.per T drawn and have turned over the en- HE New York City newspaper which Stanley High is organizing tire responsibility to the diocese of Dornakal. Bishop Azariah states that will be "first of all a newspaper, run they are unable to meet this new re- by newspaper men, under a hard- sponsibility without aid both in per- boiled business leadership," said Stan- sonnel and money. ley High after his resignation as ed- A forward step was taken by the itor of The Christian Herald was an- National Council by a report for ref- nounced.

erence to General Convention, asking According to present indications, he ,that consent be given to the under- said, the first issue of the new paper taking of the work outlined by the would appear this year. Approxi- Archbishop of Calcutta and the Bishop mately one-half of the $10,000,000 of Dornakal, on condition that suf- capital has been subscribed, and the ficient financial support can be secured rest is "hopefully in sight."

to carry it on for a trial period of "It is a mistake," he said, "to get three years at an approximate cost, in- the idea that this will be a prohibition cluding capital expenditure, of $15,000 newspaper. There are certain definite a year. issues, in my opinion, more pressing than prohibition. We intend to do The Most Courageous Woman more definite crusading on economic WHEN Dr. Edward A. Steiner and international issues than we do on toured Europe to find the man prohibition. And we shall give these lowest down, he found the greatest subjects as much news and editorial burden bearer to be the Slavic woman. space as we give to prohibition."

Recently a group of thirty-four peo- On the basis of recent research in ple, nineteen white and fourteen black, newspaper circulation Mr. High said toured our southern states in the first that he expected 100,000 paid subinterracial seminar on wheels. Going scribers, not including newstand buy- as a fact-finding group they, too, ers, before the first issue appeared.

found a woman-the most courageous The primary circulation emphasis, one in the United States. She is the moreover, will be outside New York Negro wife and mother. in the area beyond the commuting In a double sense, the Negro woman zone. Thus national and international is the bearer of her race. Besides issues will command more space than bearing children, she is forced, by the in current dailies, although city news economic conditions under which her will be covered "adequately." The people live, to join her husband as paper will appear every week day wage earner. If her husband is in the morning, but Sunday editions will be

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

omitted. Its publishing plant will be of overcoming their SUspIcIon, scien- in the metropolitan area. A few "key tists have studied them very little.

men" of the staff have already been selected. If business conditions con- A Guayaquil Campaign I tinue to improve the first issue will N A Gospel campaign in Guayaquil, probably appear before 1932.-Herald- the Christian message was force- fully heralded to 120,000 Ecuadorians Tribune.

for fourteen days. Every day the two LATIN AMERICA leading papers of the country, El Tele- Progress in Tolerance grato and El Universo, published well- written announcements and invita- PROTEST ANT Christians have won tions to the "Templo Evangelico," and respect in Guatemala, as shown by 5,000 circulars were distributed daily. the fact that Protestants are in great These efforts, backed by prayer, demand as servants, bill collectors, brought together large adult assemoverseers and similar positions requir- blies. A meeting for men only was ing honesty and reliability; and by the attended by nearly a thousand repreclasses of people being reached. At sentative doctors, lawyers, city offifirst, only the down-and-outs who had cials, as well as artisans; perhaps the nothing to lose dared come to evan- largest group of men ever assembled gelistic services. The well-to-do would in Ecuador to hear the Gospel. In all not even come, like NicodBmus, by the after meeting,s, many knelt in renight. Gradually the literate class pentant prayer, and decided to accept began to come, then the intelligentsia. Christ. Over 1,200 meet every Sunday in Guatemala City to study the Bible and Brazilian Worker for Africa are not afraid of being called Protestants. In most outside towns meet- T HE Brazilian Church, in its comings can be held with no likelihood of parative youth, is planning to furinterference, and in any event support nish missionaries for Africa. The of officials can be relied upon. first to enter upon this service was Miss Celenia Pires Dantas, who went Another Uttermost Part to Angola over a year ago under the auspices of the Women's Missionary T HE New York Times announces a Society of the United Church of Can- special expedition into Bolivia to ada. Enthusiastic reports of her work study the last remaining remnants of have been received.

the Uro-Chipaya Indians. These Indi- Miss Dantas, a teacher in the Gov- ans, who were established in the high- ernment school in Campina Grande, lands of Peru and Bolivia, hundreds was converted about six year.s ago, and of years before the Incas of the Ay- has rendered efficient service in the maras or the Quechuas, live in miser- Sunday-school of her own town. The able round mud-huts with thatched Angola Mission is seeking additional dome-shaped roofs, scattered in small workers from Brazil, where the Por- groups on the desert between the tuguese language is spoken.

Andes and Lake Poopo, the same re- gion to which their ancestors were GENERAL exiled by the conquering Aymaras be- Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry fore the arrival ()f the Incas. In their A BOUT a year ago plans were made life of isolation, these Indians have t1 by leading Protestant laymen preserved many of the customs ob- (among whom was John D. Rockefel- served before the Spanish conquerors ler, Jr.), to conduct a thorough inves- arrived, and the women stm wear tigation of foreign missions as con- • dresses such as those found on pre- ducted by Protestant churches of the historic Peruvian mummies. Because United States at a cost of about 40 of their remoteness and the difficulty million dollars annually.

The executive committee appointed five denominations for their official at that time, headed by Albert L. approval. Scott, a leader among Baptist laymen, announces that 10 of the 12 members Three denominations, Congregaof the investigating commission have tional, Christian and United Brethren, now been named. They are: Dr. W. have recently organized the Evan- E. Hocking, professor of philosophy at gelical Church of Puerto Rico. This Harvard; Mr. and Mrs. Harper Sib- new church embraces a total of 36 naley, of Rochester, N. Y.; Miss Mary tive organized churches, with a to- E. Woolley, president of Mt. Holyoke tal membership of 3,518. The move- College; Dr. H. S. Houghton, dean of ment toward union originated in the the University of Iowa College of island, and with the full approval of Medicine; Dr. Charles P. Emerson, the Boards in the United States, the dean of the University of Indiana actual working out of details was left School of Medicine; Dr. Arlo A. with the Puerto Ricans and the few Brown, president of Drew University; missionaries on the field.-Federal Dr. W. P. Merrill, of the Brick Pres- Council Bulletin. byterian Church, New York City; Dr. Albert R. Mann, dean of Cornell Uni- Men and Missions Anniversary versity Agricultural College, and Dr. Rufus M. Jones, professor of philos- NOVEMBER 15, will mark the ophy at Haverford College. Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the meeting at which the Laymen's Mis- The names of the other two com- sionary Movement was launched in missioner.s will be announced later. the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian This commission will leave next Octo- Church, New York City, in 1906. It ber for a nine months' study of mis- is recommended that churches everysions in India, China, Japan and where commemorate this day as "Men Burma. and Missions Sunday," with sermons on some phase of the theme; with a More Ohurch Union layman to speak on the same topic for five or ten minutes; taking up this AREQUEST for the union of Con- subject in men's Bible classes and on gregational, Methodist and Pres- "the air" in order to call men to rebytErian churches in Australia was newed interest in the study of Chrismade in 1916. At a recent meeting tian missions at home and abroad. of the three churches under the leadership of the President-General of the An interdenominational men's meet- Methodist Church, negotiations took a ing is to be held in the Fifth Avenue step forward. A committee was Presbyterian Church, New York, named to arrange a basis for federa- in the afternoon and simultaneous tion, and in the meantime there will men's meetings in other cities from be an interchange of pulpits in order coast to coast. Some of the foremost to further the process of unification. laymen and missionary leaders will speak concerning the world·wide mis- A Federation of Evangelical Church- sionary obligations of Christian men. es has now been formed in Brazil, as Probably the interest of men concernthe outgrowth of a meeting in Rio de ing their relation to the world work Janeiro (February 3d) attended by of Chri·st has increased a hundredfold representatives of the Presbyterian, in the past twenty-five years. It is Independent Presbyterian, Episcopal, probable that over 800,000 men will Congregational and Methodi·st bodies. listen in on the discussion over the Professor Erasmo Braga, a distin- radio next November. guished Protestant leader of Latin America, was elected Corresponding The offices of the Movement are Secretary of the new organization. located at 19 South LaSalle, St., Chi- cago, Ill. and at 419 Fourth Ave., New The constitution is now before the York City.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Archibald Orr Ewing-"That Faithful and maintain an intelligent missionary in- Wise Steward." By Marshall Broom- hall. 150 pp. 28. 6d. China Inland terest in his church in Nashville, Ten- Mission, and The Religious Tract So- ciety. London. 1931. nessee. He is also chairman of the There is no endowment so great as Executive Committee of Foreign Misthe memory .of sacrificial service. This "Faithful and Wise Steward," sions in the Presbyterian Church in was born in Liverpool 1857 and died in 1930 at Southampton. His long the U. S. Yet he insists in the introlife represented two periods of service in China in Shansi Province to the duction to this book that he is not "a North and Kiangsi the South. In 1911 he returned to England for health ims isvseiroynamryu·cehxpaenrte."xpeFrot ronallthtehaht~mhee reasons. Heir to his father's fortune he was not only an honorary mission- end of the world enterprise and pasary of the China Inland Mission, but a steward whose bounty made possible tors can learn from the volume how the expansion of the work at a critical period in the history of this Society. to approach people who have all kinds "As a missionary he knew a missionary's needs, and his gifts in the head- of difficulties about the work. It is a quartel'"s at Shanghai, in the school at Chefoo, in the sanatorium at Kuling, book, as good after a few years as toand in a hundred other ways, were for the efficient service, the well-being day, hence, it does not deal with and the comfort of his fellow-workers. In this way he became the beloved merely passing world conditions, exminister and servant of his brethren." cept by way of illustration. Several Such a life of sacrifice and devotion is insplrmg. Here is a present-day chapters are of peculiar importance illustration of a rich young man whom Jesus loved and who did forsake all for the present hour, such as the one to follow Him. Mr. Ewing's manly courage, bold evangelism, affectionate on "The Intolerant Christ" which furhome-life and cheerful disposition are outstanding characteristics. nishes a needed answer' to the easy S. M. Z. proposal that all religions shall be reckoned of equal value, and another on "The Creed to tChoensqoumeretwhheaWt sot>rilnd~"­ which deals with less suggestion that Christianity is whatever one likes to think it is and that it is so much a "way of living"

that it is not also a way of thinking.

~he book is instinct with common sense and Christian sagacity.

C. B. MeA.

HEy My Spirit." By Jonathan Goforth. 189 pp. Gospel Publishing House Springfield, Mo. 1931. '

Dr. Goforth after engaging for many years in various lines of mis- The Field Is the World. By James I. sionary labor in the province of Ho- Vance, D.D., LL.D. 164 pp. Presby- nan, North China, wi'th ever increasing terian Committee of Publication, Rich- emphasis on direct evangelism, re- mond, Va. 1930. sponded years ag,o to his conviction Dr. Vance is an experienced pastor that he had received a very clear call who has had much occasion to build and of God to a wider ministry, both to 637

nonChristians and to those already tions that portray in detail, disadvan- in the Christian Church. Invited to tages and evils which still handicap many parts of China to conduct re- the progress of a portion of the women vival meetings, he has not only called of India, even these sections' are free "sinners" to repentance, but has also from any taint of personal invective.

summoned the Christian "Pharisee An important place is given to Indian and Sadducee" to bring forth fruits agencies of reform, such as the Wom- meet for repentance in confession and en's Indian Association, and the All- reparation. It is of his manifold ex- India Conferences for Educational and perience and observation of results in Social Reform. Both in the sources this nation-wide ministry that Dr. referred to throughout the text, and Goforth writes in this book in copious in the bibliography, Indian and Euro- attest of his mature conviction that pean writers have been referred to the Spirit of God is the only power impartially, and the bibliography in- which can set pagan or Christian right cludes writers ranging all the way with God and with fellow man, and from British officials to the most transform the individual, the family ardent Nationalists. A. B. VAN D.

and the social relations of men on earth into the relations of the King- Seen and Heard in a Punjab Village. By dom of Heaven. While perhaps some- Miriam Young. 228 pp. 58. Student what over-critical of those who have Christian Movement Press. London.

not altogether. agreed with his meth- This is the story of how two English ods, and of his fellow-missionaries in women lived and worked f.or three general, he yet relates many telling years in village fashion, and by naincidents of the great Manchurian re- tural contacts with simple friendly vival and of subsequent local move- neighbors came nearer to understand ments of the Spirit in many places, the way the Indian villager looks leading up to his establishment of the at life and at the Christian message Canadian Presbyterian Church's new of the missionary. It is suggestive of Mission in Manchuria. The book will the simplicity of their effort that the contribute to the reader's assurance word mission and missionary seldom that the day of spiritual miracles has occurs in the story, written by one of not passed. them.

The Key of Progress: A Survey of the Nearly the entire first year was spent as a sort of apprenticeship, Status and Conditions of Women in In- satisfying curiosity, overcoming the handicap of being known as a for- dia. By Several Contributors. Edited eigner, making friends and studying by A. R. Caton with a Foreword by H. E. the Lady Irwin. 7s. 6d. Oxford University Press. London.

Here in small compass, are the main how to adapt the message to the men- facts concerning the life and progress tality of the listeners, and how to get of Indian women. It is a survey, them to listen. The whole book de- packed with information presented in lights the reader by its fresh, intimate a highly concentrated form, and care- and readable account of Punjab village fully organized and documented. The life, and there is much of genuine subjects dealt with are education, missionary interest in the attempt of health, marriage and home life, the the writer to sum up the value of the social evil, rural life, and the place of mass movement. The last chapter, women in industry. A complete and "How We Tried to Present Religion,"

well arranged bibliography adds to will be read more than once by many the value of the book. workers in the foreign field as they This study has been made from a seek to know what was and what was purely objective and scientific stand- not accomplished by this unusual outpoint. While there are certain por- pouring of loving sacrifice. J. C.

BOOKS WORTH READING

The Grass Roof. By Younghill Kang. Concessions at AmDY and Chinkiang, 367 pp. $3.00. Scribner's. New York. and for the Reorganization of the 1931. Shanghai Provisional Court, the Brit- ish Boxer Indemnity Agreement, and This life story of a young Korean the documents relating tD the SinD- Russian railway dispute. is as refresbing as a mountain breeze. ~e treatment of the Christian The author, with fine powers of de- Movement in China (pp. 307-319) is rather inadequate when compared scription, graphically tells of his birth with other sections, but it is up-tD- date and sympathetic. There is an inin a little village in Northern Korea teresting "Who's Who" of the present luminaries on the Chinese political shortly before the Russia-Japan War. hDrizon; there are no maps and the general index is not full. S. M. Z. He describes the poverty, and yet the simple dignity ·of his parents, and his own life of varied adventures, strug- gles to secure an education, imprison- ment by the Japanese police when he championed the independence move- ment, and a voyage to America with a friendly missionary. He rightly says: Confucius and Confucianism. By Richard "The life that I have lived, with all Wilhelm, translated by G. H ..and A. P. Danton. 176 pp. $1.75. Harcourt, the joys and sorrows, is an interesting Brace and Ce. New Yerk.

life. . . . My one aim is to tell the hu- The life of Confucius as recorded by man story of one man, made up with Sse-Ma Ch'ien, the early Chinese his- the stuff called love, hatred, smiles and torian, and the writings of Confucius tears. All I can do is to tell this sin- and his followers from the basis of cerely and frankly, for life has always this compact volume. Extracts are seemed to me bigger than anything quoted from the classics to illustrate else." It is a charming narrative, and his teachings. The renderings of the it gives the reader a clearer under- original are free and in many cases standing of the ability and aspira- are very different frDm the actual tions of many educated young Kore- texts, and the translators point out ans. A. J. B. that Wilhelm "was an extremist in his The China Year Book, 1931. Edited by H. attitude toward the Chinese ethics." G. W. Woodhead. 730 pp. $12.50. Simpkin, Marshall, Ltd., London. For the sake of accuracy, his work This is the thirteenth issue of an should be compared with renditions of up-to-date encyclopedia of infDrmation and is accepted as the standard Legge and others. However this is authority 'On things Chinese. The editDr has had the CODperation of a num- a good introduction to the Confucian ber of experts including two Dr three writers on missiDnary topics. In ad- classics and a fascinating sketch ditiDn to the usual informatiDn on geDgraphy, statistics, shipping, public 'Of the great sage. It will also help health, expDrts and imports, communications, finance, etc., there is a chap- beginners to understand Islam in ter on religions, 'On present government and the system 'Of National edu- China and the sway that Confuciancation. Among the documents in the new issue are: the CDnventiDn for the ism has exerted. The short bibli- RenditiDn of Weihaiwei, the Sino- American Aviation CDntract, the new ography at the end of the book is of Copyright and Insurance Laws, the new French, Japanese, Greek and value. C. L. P. Czecho-Slovakian Treaties, the Agreements for the Rendition of the British Which Way Religion1 By Harry F. Ward. 221 pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. 1931.

We need a practical religion that affects all aspects of life. To accom- plish this Prof. Ward urges that the principles of Jesus must be accepted and applied or civilization will inevi- tably go down.

Dr. Ward differentiates between the principles of Jesus and present-day

organized Christianity. The difficulty by the Mission CQnference in Saxony.

is not that most people willfully dis- It is a neat little volume of 153 pages.

regard Him. It is that they do not The editor is pastor Wm. Gerber. The know Him. The basic fact in Ameri- book contains a number of very can life has been the making of informing and useful articles on mis- money. The god "Success" is wor- sion subjects, a cQmprehensive sur- shipped, consciously or unconsciously. vey 'Of Lutheran missions for the This has resulted in the deification of preceding year and very accurate sta- the machine. The author's theory is tistics 'Of missions as carried on by that ethical development should be the mission groups in Germany, Australia first concern 'Of religion. As Chris- and America. It is the most com- tianity becomes ethical, life will be prehensive work of its kind.

enlarged, and the deeper values will Christus an Torii und Pagode. function more fully. One wonders if the author believes that the ethical Devaranne. Leopold Klotz, Publisher, can do all that he claims. Surely Gotha. 270 pages. Price $2.00. The there is more in Christianity than author, already well known, here gives us a book dedicated to those among animated ethics. the educated, whQ despise foreign mis- Salvation, according to this view, is sions, but still have a sense of re- ligious values. He offers theoretical not a gift but a search. To trust considerations and practical discusmoney makers to bring in a good life sions and much documentary material. for the world is as foolish as to ex- He discusses foreign missions as to pect medicine men toO bring back health motives and results and defends them toO suffering humanity. J. F. R.

Everyland Children-Candy and Love. By against modern doubts and opposition.

Lucy W. Peabody. 60 pp. 25 cents. NEW BOOKS Central Committee. No. Cambridge, Mass. 1930. Hinterlands of the Church. Elizabeth R.

Nothing is more important than the Hooker. 314 pp. $2.50. Institute of training .of children to know God as Social and Religious Research. New He is made known to us in Jesus York. Christ and to be in real sympathy with the wQrk that Christ came intQ the The China Year Book, 1931. Edited by H. G. W. Woodhead. 730 pp. $12.50. WQrld to do. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. Mrs. Peabody has brought 'Out the Coral. Charlotte Murray. 255 pp. 28, 6d. seventh little bQQk toO pr.omote an Pickering & Inglis. London. understanding friendship among the children of the world. Five of these Annual Report-Home :Missions Council, 1931. 72 pp. Home Missions Council. New York.

interesting stories tell of child-life in Charles to Stndd. Thomas B. Walters. fQreign lands. This latest one intro- Belgian Congo. Edited by Richard P.

duces us to a brother and sister in An Index to the Holy Bible. 35 cents. India, named Candy and Love. We Bible Institute Colportage Association.

learn what they wore, what they ate, Chicago.

what they were interested in, and how Korea, the Old and the New. Ellasue they learned about Jesus and passed Wagner. 160 pp. $1.50. Revell. New the g.oQd news along. A clever touch York.

at the end shows that Mrs. PeabQdy The Outlined Acts. Robert Lee. 114 pp. understands how toO get reactions 3s. Pickering & Inglis. London.

frQm little readers, and a1sQ how toO The Pool of Sacriftce. Josephine Hope turn these ~eactions toO good accoOunt. Westervelt. 219 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. E. B. D. P. Religion and Civilization in West Africa.

A Lutheran Mission Yearbook, 1931 J. J. Cooksay and Alex. McLeish. 277 pp. Maps. 58. Worid Dominion Press. is the 44th annual yearboQk published London.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1931

NOT ETERNAL – WORSHIPING CHRIST IN TIlE MISSION I10)1E IN

June 22-25-INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE •• • iD the Dew ON AFRICAN CHILDREN, Geneva, Switzerland. £ABIN £LASS June 22-26-WORLD CONFERENCE ON Trans-Pacific travel now has an STEWARDSHIP. For information com- impressive new type of low-cost accommo- municate with the Rev. John A. dation … ffEmpress" Cabin. Its spacious- Ingham, D.D., Progress Council, 25 ness and comfort will appeal to the experi- East 22d Street, New York City. enced traveler. So will its true "Empress" cuisine and service. June 25-July 3-GENERAL CONVENTION, CONGREGATIONAL AND CHRISTIAN The white Empress fleet, comprising the CHURCHES, Seattle, Wash. largest, fastest liners to the Orient, also hrings to the Pacific transatlantic size, June 26-July 6-M. E. M. CONFERENCE. speed and luxury. Silver Bay, N. Y. Empress of Russia and Empress of Asia June 29-July 6-GENEVA SUMMER ply the lO-day Speedway, direct to Yoko- SCHOOL OF MISSIONS AT GENEVA, hama. The huge Empress of Canada and WISC. This is an Interdenomina- the new 23.knot Empress of Japan sail via tional school and among the first to Honolulu. Both routes from Vancouver give International Religious Educa- and Victoria. All Empresses offer, ofcour.e, tion credits. It offers courses, under lnxurious First Class. Also "Tourist" and outstanding instructors, in Bible uThird." and Mission Study, Methods, Hand- craft and Parliamentary Law. For Independent travel·touring round the information address: Mrs. George world and Orient conducted tours with P. Lottich, 3253 Wilson Ave., Chi- Canadian Pacific's veteran "know-how." cago, Ill. N ….. Lo…-co..t S ….."…r F ..,…..! "** Fir..t Cl…… and C ….in Cl…… Ro..nd trip••. /ro". 8450 PERSONALS Information, reservationsfrom your Agent DR. S. H. WAINRIGHT, for forty years or Canadian Pacific, New York, Chicago, an American Methodist missionary in Montreal, and 32 other cities in U. S. and Japan, was recently decorated by the Canada. Emperor "for distinguished service to the Empire." That service consisted in CANADIAN giving a Christian literature to Japan. Dr. Wainright is supported by the Fran- PACIFIC .. TO TIlE cis Street Methodist church, in St. Joseph, Missouri. ORiEnT *** Wo.ld'. G••••••• T ••v.1 ,,……

CHARLES N. WONACOTT of Portland, Oregon, has been elected Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions.

Mr. Wonacott served as associate general secretary of the New Era Movement for two years and since 1924 has acted as corporation advisor.

**"

MISS M. JOSEPHINE PETRIE has resigned as Director of Specific Work of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions. Over thirty-two years ago she became secretary of young people's work and was responsible for the promotion of home missions in Christian Endeavor Societies and Sunday schools.

*** REV. HENRY C. McDOWELL of Galangue, Angola, Portuguese West Africa, a missionary of the American Board, has been awarded a gold medal and an honorarium of four hundred dollars by the Harmon Foundation, which makes annual awards to Negroes who have done outstanding creative work.

*** DR. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, was operated on for hernia in Callao, Peru, on April 10th. He is expected home in New York early in May.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writ in&' to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor TABLE OF CONTENTS May, 1931 FRONTISPIECE–LlVES OVERSHADOW"D BY LEPROSY. Payo THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM ……………….•.•..••. .J. Ohadwick Jacks"" 325 The history oj how a hif.lh caste Hindu pilurim wu-s h'd to Ohrist·-an empcrience both in the change oj name and change 0/ nature.

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS …………………… Wm. M. Danner 32~ A record of Christian service in behalf oj sufferers in 'ill-any land8.

"! DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MISSIONS" ..•..•…..•………. Henry A. Perkins 33l"i The case for foreign 11t188icms presented by a fwo/essor of p},ysiC8 a.t Trin-ity aoUege, HMtJord~ ana copied by permission from THE' AMERICAN MERCURY.

THE CALL OF BORNEO AND THE CELEBES .•..••..•••.•……..•..•.. . R. A. Jal!roll 341 The report 01 a tour oj mi8si()lluwy eu;ploratiOtl to discover the needs oJ unoccupied fieZds in Malaya.

ana MOSLEMS UNDER THE AlIIERICAN FLAG …………………….. Frank Laubaen 343 A 'I11Iissionarll working wmong th(l M()hamrnwdans in the Philippines asks seeks to answer some pertinent questions.

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOU~'H …………………….. Jay fl. fltowell 349 An in.teresting account of wltat is beino done to t(~((,ch the Bible and ChdsNan truth to da·y school pupils in rural districts untouched by churches.

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA ………………………. David M. Sweets 355 The sto-ry of a notable congn~x8 hrld flY the Presbyteria'n Ohurch (~"outh) to present the claim8 and progress of foreiyn 1nissionary work.

WHEN IS YOUR BrnTHDAY ………………..•………. . Emma BeHc D. PiersO'n 361 A brief d.cscription of what hag been called ('the most remarka.ble mi8sionary enter- prise" in the world.. 8turtcd by a school boy in Australia.

THE FORWAnD MOVE~IENT IN SCOTLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Donald Fraser 363 A. report 01 an enet'getic and spirUual mission to awaken the ~'c(Jtch to a keener Benae of their reBpOt'lsibHity to carry out the great commission 01 Christ.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………..•••••••••••….••..•……………… 365 How lIUCH Is A MISSIONARY ","ORTH INDIA'S DEMAND FOR FREEDOM ENCOURAGIllMENT IN CHINA METHODS FOR WORKERS ………………………. EIHTEIl BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNsoN 371 WUMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………………………• 376 WORLD·WIDIiJ OUTLOOK.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 BOOKS WORTH READING ……………………………………… . 399 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONAHY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPBl~R, PYf'sidf'nt W}.I. 1. CH.u,fnERl.AIN, Vice-Prcsident DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Seoretar'1l Publication Office, 3d & Reily Rts., IInrrtshnrg, WAf,TER McDoDQ,J,I" Tr{'nRun'T Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fiftb Avenue, New York City Eutered itS second-class matter at the Post Offi(>e, Harrlsburg, Pa., under Act of }.~arch 3, lS79. OBITUARY DR. K. T. PAUL; an outstanding native 1 Chriftian of India, died on April 12th at the. age of·fifty-five. He had recently I _• returned from the Round Table Conference in London. LET YOUR GIFT Dr. Paul became an influential Indian to Foreign Missions leader as secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association of India, Burma PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME llnd Ceylon. He traveled widely in the United States and Great Britain and You can make a generous gift to foreign mislater served as president of the All-In- sions and have a needed income for yourself dia Christian Conference. and others from the money you give by the Dr. Paul resigned from the Y. M. C. Annuity Gift Plan A. in order to devote himself to the political uplift of India as a representative This plan relieves you of uncertainty and of Christian Communities. At the Round WOrry caused by changing values of invested Table Conference in London, he was funds and assures you a fixed income of trusted by Hindus and Moslems alike, and declared himself willing to have 4t% to 9% per year Christians in India merged in a general electorate. for the rest of your life ** A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarante~s the prompt payment of annuities to yOU_ ~ LEONARD WOOLSEY CRONKHITE, D.D., for many years a missionary to the Pwo Protect yourself against 1nss through Karen people of Burma, passed away on unwise inV'~stment~and at the sl'lme time February 28, 1931, at his home in Green- help send the gospel to all the world. wich, New York. For full information write ** * Erne.t F.. HoIl, Secretary, Dept. 01 Ann.atiea REV. A. E. SEAGRAVE, Baptist mission- BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ary to the Karens since 1889, died at of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Rangoon, February 6, 1931. Mr. Seagrave lived to see a remarkable expan- 156 Fifth Avenue. New York sion in the Sgaw Karen Mission, with its 200 churches and a membership of AVOID THIS 15,000. All of his four children re- MISFORTUNE turned to Burma for missionary service. "I know of no one more deserving *** of sympathy than a woman with limited resources, with.out ch.ildren to advise DR. EDWARD FIELD PARSON died March her, without business experience, sud- 8th, of pneumonia, in Peiping, North denly left a widow and compelled to China. He was thirty-three years old. settle an estate."

Dr. Parsons and his wife, Marion Who will be her advisor? Tucker Parsons, were commissioned as Who will share her troubles and rethe representatives in China of the First sponsibilities? Congregational Church, Washington, in Who will provide for her in case of 1925, at services attended by Mr. and loss of principal? Mrs. Calvin Coolidge. This can all be avoided by investing **• your savings in Annuity Agreements of the Methodist Mission Boards. MRS. IRA HARRIS, formerly of the Syria Mission, was for thirty.five years a F or further information write: missionary in Syria. She was honorably retired by the Board of Foreign Missions MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of the Presbyterian Church in 1919. A of Foreign Missions of the Methodist daughter, Mrs. B. T. Schuyler, has been Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue. New for sixteen years in the Punjab Mission York, N. Y., or in India. Mrs. Harris died in Lansdowne, Pa., the home of a son, on No- W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of vember 28, 1930. Home Missions and Church Extension of *** .1_ the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch . St., Philadelphia Pa. THE REV. EDWARD ASHLEY, D.D., LL.D., Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church among the Indians in South Dakota, died March 30th. He labored fifty-eight years among the Indians, translating the prayer book, many hymns and other writings into the Indian tongue.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY RIIIVIIIlW OF THm WORLD in writin~ to advertisers. This mission hosl)itnl. J-Hni-En (<:lardf'n of COmf(H'O, IlWllk~nf'(1 the Jnpnnf>sc goyern- ment to care for l('p~rs .

LEPROSY N01' IlEReDITARY – UNTAINTED CHILDR~;N CARED FOR IN A CHRIS'fIAN MISSION HO~fE IN INDIA GLEAMS OF LIGHT FOR LIVES OVERSHADOWED BY LEPROSY

LIV, No. 😉 May

THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM BY THE REV. J. CHADWICK JACKSON, Benares, India T HE Rev. and Mrs. J. Chadwick Jackson are conducting the Kashi Khristiya Sangha or Benares Christian Union, a city mission work especially for the milliorrs of Hindu pilgrims who visit Benares yearly. They come from all parts of India to the many temples; to bathe in the sacred Ganges i to gain merit by walking the sacred way; to listen to the holy gurus,' or to bring their dead to be burned on the ghats by the riverside, so that their ashes may be strewn on the waters of the sacred river and many reincarnations may be avoided.

Mr. Jackson, the superintendent of this United Mission, is a Scotch- man, formerly a missionary of the London Missionary Society and has witnessed for Christ in India for thirty-five years. Mrs. Jackson is also a devoted missionary who has labored with her husband in villages, living in native houses and living the Christ-life among the people. She dons the garb of a pilgrim to work among pilgrims on the river front.

The mission compound at Ram Katora, where the Editor and Mrs. Pier- son visited Mr. and Mrs. Jackson last year, borders on the road over which hundreds of thousands of pilgrims pass every year. They have opened a reading room and Bible shops facing this road and there wel- come weary pilgrims and tell them of Him who gives rest and offers to them the way of Life.

Five missionary societies unite in this mission to pilgrims-the Wesleyan Methodist and Wesleyan Reform Union, The London Mis- sionary Society, the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission and the Chris- tian Literature Society. Mr. Jackson is not only an earnest evangelical missionary but he is active in the life of Benares, being for some years a member of the city council, a lecturer at the university and a member of the Committee for the Enforcement of Opium Laws.

This mission and these missionaries are worthy of the sympathetic and active support of every Christian interested in the evangelization of India. EDITOR.

He is a Brahman, a young man In his wanderings he has visited of medium height, with a face rath- every famous shrine in India and er deeply lined for one of his years, has picked up some knowledge of but with sparkling eyes and a brisk several languages, including Engmanner that is earnest and grave. lish. His mother tongue is Oriya 325

but he speaks Hindi fluently and sionary seemed to be an excellent it was in this language that he re- man of noble character, but he lated the following interesting handed me over to the care and story. teaching of one of his Indian work- ers whose conduct and character My parents are both dead. I made his company extremely dishave an elder brother who is a tasteful to me. I therefore rehousehold priest in my native turned to my guru in no way town. My ancestors were Kash- helped spiritually by my experimiri Brahmans. Very few of us ence, and feeling that in Christianlive so far South and it is a rule ity there was no hope of spiritual of cur caste that we shall marry help for me. So I went on discussonly brides from the distant State ing with the few Christians I met, of Kashmir. My brother, and the in a spirit of controversy and op- Raja who is our patron and who position. In a second-hand market gave me a scholarship, desired me in Calcutta, on one occasion, I saw to finish my studies before mar- a liuge pile of old books which riage, hence I am not married. Aft- were being sold by weight at a er I had reached the matriculation very cheap price. I picked out two standard in school, I was put un- -one a huge tome which was ender the care Of a guru (teacher), titled "A Commentary." Not a very learned man, a master of knowing what a Commentary was, arts, himself an eloquent lecturer, I opened it and found most interspeaking fourteen languages, and esting explanations of Bible texts. very much in demand everywhere The other was a dictionary. I for religious orations. Besides my- threw these twa into the scales and self, he had nearly a dozen young paid the price-a few annas only. disciples whom he taught and who The dictionary I sold at a great accompanied him in his travels profit, for three rupees, but the from one sacred shrine to another. Commentary I kept and read it con- We visited all the important bath- stantly, finding it most helpful in ing places and sacred temples in understanding the Bible. From India-Benares, Hardwar, Dwar- this time I read the Bible regularkanath, Puri, Ajodhya and Ra- ly, carrying the three versions meshwaram. along with me, but secretly, as I feared that my guru might know. A Hindu sadhu whom I met on Gradually my mind was changed. our journeys gave me a copy of the New Testament in Hindi, and One incident in South India I read it mainly with the desire to made a great impression on me. I find points of argument with was down by the burning-ghat Christians. Afterwards I obtained reading and meditating, when a copies in Oriya and English and poor widow brought the corpse of became much interested. I felt her son for bUrning. I saw her some desire to meet and associate great grief and felt real pity for with Christians to see their manner her. The officiating Mahabrahman of life. Once in a sacred city I left -a coarse man-came along and our party with the excuse to the said to her "Give me a go-dan (a guru that I was going to Gorakh- gift of a cow) and I will promise pur to worship Gorakhnath. In- that your son shall be born again stead, I joined myself to a Mission as a cow." as a seeker after truth. The mis-

THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM

I was indignant and caught hold boys returned and wanted to enter, of his hand, saying: "Shame on but I was resolved to be alone in you! Have you no pity for the my mental struggles, and asked poor mother in her sorrow. Is this them to go away and sleep else- all the comfort you can give her to where. At about two in the morn- tell her the lie about her son's re- ing, when I was so weighed down birth? You know that you cannot that I couldn't rest, I suddenly saw control that. You are trying to a brilliant light in the room, as make profit out of her grief and though someone had turned on a are torturing her further. How flashlight. I turned to see from dare you say that a human soul whence it came, but it seemed to shall be imprisoned in an animal fill the room. As I gazed there body. Shame on you." appeared in the light the form of He repulsed me angrily. The a person, the most beautiful I have impression on my mind was very ever seen or imagined. I could not painful, showing the futility of recognize him at all, but as we Hinduism in the presence of death. were worshipers of Shiva, I won- This thought remained with me dered whether this divine being and I more earnestly read the Bi- had graciously disclosed himself to ble. resolve my doubts. But on looking A Message From God longer and more intently I saw the While I was full of these sad form of a cross on his shoulder thoughts, I sat down and placing and above it the word mukti (salthe Bible before me I allowed it to vation). Then I realized that it fall open of itself to see if I should was a vision of Christ, bearing the be guided to any special "word." It opened at the Twenty-third cross for me. Immediately I saw Psalm. How helpful and blessed what it implied, namely that what was that word of God spoken I had so often read was true. through His servant and prophet There are two crosses, the one David. It was a real message to which He bore and one which I my soul at that time of need. must bear. At that moment I de- cided that I would leave all the old My guru was called to give a life and b~ His follower. I rememseries of lectures in N—. I bered the word of God to Abrawould get away whenever possible, ham: "Get thee out of …… thy keeping my Bible tied close to my father's house, unto the land that body with my sacred thread, even I will show thee." I thought that, out to the place reserved for pri- as I had read in the Bible, having vacy, though reflecting that the become by faith one of the sons of place was impure. I often went to Abraham, I ought to walk in the the lonesome burning-ghat, to read steps of faith and leave all for and meditate, but the thought of Christ.

death and the results of sin op- In the morning I did not bathe, pressed me. We were all invited and when, as our custom was all to go to a natak (play) one eve- gathered to repeat in unison our ning, but I was distressed in mind morning chant "The Gayatri," it and excused myself. I could not was seen that I was absent. Later even eat and was left fasting alone they asked me: "Why have you in the room. I lay down to rest not bathed and why do you not but could not sleep. Very late the come to the worship?"

"I will say and do nothing until Christian man who would tell me I can have an interview with the where to go and what to do. At guru," 1 replied. last I saw a man whose dress seemed to indicate that he might Soon he called me, and 1 told be a Christian. He was a canvasshim all in the presence of the oth- er and to him I told something of ers, of my search for peace and my story. He refused to believe assurance; of my Bible reading and would not trust me at all at and of my last night's wonderful first. But when he saw my eyes full of tears he asked me if 1 had vision. taken food. I told him that for "Oh," said the guru, "It was only two days I had not broken my fast.

a dream." Then I could see that he began "No," said I, "I was not asleep. to believe me. I said: "I want nothing from you-no money, only 1 was wide awake and in my full direct me to some Christian or mis- sionary who will tell me how I may senses. I know what I saw." become a follower of Christ." "Let us discuss the matter to- "There is a very good man, a gether," he said, "you may present London Mission Pastor at – – – " your arguments and 1 will try to he replied. "His name is Aaron. meet them. We may thus arrive Go to him. 1 will speak to the guard and he will allow you to at the truth." travel without a ticket. So I went "Sir," 1 said, "how can I argue and found Pastor Aaron, a very good man in full sympathy but not with you. You are my guru and knowing a word of any of my lan- I am a learner. Between your pro- guages. So I returned by train, found learning and my ignorance, and was directed to go to Miss what a gulf there is. But to me F– at G– who knows Hindi. the vision I have seen, confirming She had, however, gone away the the Bible I have read, puts the mat- previous day. 1 then went on to ter beyond argument. 1 know what Bangalore where 1 was welcomed and very much helped by Mr. and I saw." Mrs. Marler and Mr. Small of the "Where is the Bible," he said. Theological College. On their rec- When I showed it to him, he ommendation 1 went to Benares which I had formerly visited as a took it and tore up part of it and pilgrim. 1 am happy in the Ashthrew it on one side. Then he ram of the Kashi Khristiya Sangha kicked me. preparing for baptism and training for service. The boys were enjoying the dialogue and all started making fun On Janu,arlj #, 1931 the young man, of me. whose story is here given, was bap- tized in the River Ganges at Benares, "Will you become a padri 1" taking the. name of Khristo Mitra. "Will you preach?" Since then he. has been progressing "Will you wear a suit and very well and is a great joy to US.- boots?" etc. J. C. J. I could only repeat that I would be a follower of Christ. From that moment my every movement was watched lest I should leave them. I could take no food for two days but at the end of the second day I managed to escape and went straight to the railway station, searching everywhere for some

LEPER PATIEN'l'S – A HLINn mU;A:-:[f;T AND TilE

AT 'J'U),;GKlIN, Clll:-:A THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS BY WM. M. DANNER, New YO"k S CC1°ctar1/ oJ th e A m cl"ica.n ~Mi88ion to Lepers I NA LARGE church in an east- lepers, cast out evil spirits. Freely ern city I told the story of the ye have received, freely give." needs of the lepers. After- Five specific things the disciples wards the minister arose and said, were told to do in connection with "I want to apologize to my congre- preaching. The lepers of the world gation this morning." I thought claim our attention because our he was going to apologize for the Master said-"Cleanse the lepers." length of my address, but he looked into the faces of his congregation Not long ago a friend in Caliand said: "To the best of my fornia told me that he didn't know knowledge, I have never even there were twenty-five lepers in prayed for a leper in my life. I the world. He had never given have never asked God's blessing on them much consideration. He was a leper, nor directed my congrega- surprised when he heard that there tion to pray for a leper. I apolo- were over five hundred in the Unit- gize for it and mean to do differ- ed States.

ently in the future." Many have never given much Jesus said to His disciples "As thought to the leper and scarcely ye go, preach, saying, the kingdom think of him as a human being.

of heaven is at hand." People of- But he needs and deserves our symten stop there, under the impres- pathy because he is in a class by sion that they are fulfilling this himself. What hotel would be open command when they "preach" or to him? What can he do to earn a hear the preacher. The next words living? When our Master said are: "Heal the sick, cleanse the "Heal the sick" he meant all sick 329

people but He specified "don't for- all over the world. In the Louisiget the lepers." ana hospital a canvass was taken of the patients about the kind of Dr. Victor G. Heiser, a leading Christmas gifts desired. They deleprosy expert connected with the cided that they would like to have Rcckefeller Foundation, estimates the money sent to the Red Cross, the number of lepers in the world for they thought others needed it at two million. This means that more than they did. They were one person out of every 800 on the thinking not about themselves, but earth today is a leper. The disease about others. is found all over the world, especially in hot climates. In some vil- The best advertised leper colony lages practically every person is a in the world is under "the Stars leper. and Stripes" in Hawaii. Five thou- A MODEL LEPER MISSION COLONY AT CHIENGMAI, SIAM The Congress of the United sand acres of Molokai are given States has provided a great nation- over to the lepers. Their hospital al leprosarium at Carville, Louisi- is built on a section of the island ana. Three hundred and thirty shut off by a very high mountain. live in comfortable little cottage In this colony there are 625 lepers. homes and eat in common dining There ate two Protestant churches rooms. Through the good offices of for them under the Hawaiian the American Mission to Lepers a Evangelical Board, with a resident resident Protestant chaplain min- pastor and other ministers making isters to the Protestant patients. regular visits. A church has been built for them and Billy Sunday sent them a sup- When I visited the island the ply of his song books. "Brighten lepers gave me an informal recepthe Corner Where You Are" was tion and hundreds of them were framed and now hangs over the on hand. There were two bands pulpit. These people are doing of stringed instruments, for the their best to live up to that senti- Hawaiians are famous for their ment. music. When I looked into their faces, I said, "If you people can Every year our mission sends sing as well as your bands can play, Christmas gifts to leper patients I would rather hear you sing than

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS

make a speech." Everyone smiled. 5,000. The policy of segregation The leader of the orchestra started is an important factor in stopping to play and they all joined heartily the spread of leprosy. in singing "Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us." They sang three In 1874 the Mission to Lepers vers~s from memory and with in- was founded with three objectives: creasing fervor. (1) to preach the Gospel to the lepers, (2) to relieve their terrJqle Tl1e largest leper colony in the sufferings, (3) to supply theIr world, also under "the Stars and simple wants. Now a fourth has Stripes," is at Culion in the Phil- been added-to rid the world of ippine Islands. There are over leprosy. 5,000 at this well-managed colony. It is a municipality managed by In modern leper colonies the pacouncillors elected to represent the tients are taught self-support. The native tribes. The resident physi- women sew, cook, and perform cian is mayor and has the veto other housekeeping duties; while power, which he rarely uses. A the men do the gardening, weaving, minister who had been licensed to tinsmithing and carpentry, even preach in the Manila district be- building their own homes, churches fore he contracted leprosy, was for and schools. Such physical and some years pastor of the leper mental activity are important elechurch. I walked for miles along ments in the cure. streets clean and well kept-a credit to those in charge. Twenty Progress is being made in disyears ago there were 10,000 lepers covering a cure for leprosy. Chaulin the Philippines – now about moogra oil, known for hundreds of years as beneficial to sufferers from leprosy, is now given hypo- SELF-IHJLP FOR LEPER PATIENTS – WOMEN A'l' WORK IN A nICE I"IE[,n

TIIFl MISSION HO)IE FOR LEPER rA'I'IFlNTS AT F'USAN. CHOSEN dermically with encouraging re- sand dollars to apply to work in sults. Many who have been treated the Orient, it will show a much in this way have lost all trace of the larger purchasing power there disease and been free from any than in America. At Taiku that symptom of it for a period of more sum will provide permanent housthan two years. From the Carville ing for 80 lepers. Leper Colony seventy-five lepers have been discharged. Other treat- A typical Korean leper colments have been discovered that ony is not a doleful place-its ocmay help to blot out this awful dis- cupants are seemingly happy. One which we visited had games and ease. afterwards we saw the little' fields Nearly forty years ago a mission where they raise rice and fruit and vegetables, and keep themselves hospital was opened for lepers in ilsefullyoccupied. We saw samples Japan. Seventy lepers were cared of the school work they were doing, for in such an excellent manner as well as some of their industrial that the Japanese Government has work. They use a big black board established six Japanese Govern- music scale in learning to sing by ment Leper Asylums, where the note. They are being taught to lepers are given humane treatment. read, write and count. In the chap- One of the Japanese doctors, Dr. K. el the missionary gave us a dem- Mitsuda, said to me through an onstration of their proficiency in interpreter, "We are doing every- Scripture recitation. They recited thing we can to treat these lepers the Twenty-third Psalm, the Ninelike human beings." At one of the ty-first Psalm, the Beatitudes, and government asylums there was a the Ten Commandments. Some service when eight men and three can recite the entire shorter catewomen were baptized. Five of the chism and others can quote Scripleper women stood together and ture for two hours without any fervently sang, "Fade, fade, each appreciable error. earthly joy, Jesus is mine." Since leprosy is not hereditary, In Korea there are three leper it is a privilege to help care for stations under our American Mis- untainted children of the lepers in sion. When one offers five thou-

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FO~ LEPERS

separate homes. There are thirty sian to Lepers will, on request, furspecial stations for untainted chil- nish free material for such a prodren of lepers where the hand of gram. rescue is outstretched in their behalf. In every church there should be a representative who will give out The missionaries of the Church information and be the connecting of Jesus Christ are joined in a link with the Mission to Lepers, working in harmony with the con- stituted authorities of the church, and seeing that the lepers are not forgotten.

Order a metal pig bank and feed him currency, so that funds may be secured from a host of peo- ple who do not now have a part in this branch of the missionary work of the church. Over seventy thou- ~I1YAKE SAN o~' JAPAN Christiull missionarips were stollt'd away from the Oshima Colony until this .1aJ)~Ulf>8e leper callie (lnn hroll,ght from the Mission IIospitnl the Uo:spel of Chri:st:.

federation or effort, as representa- AX IlDLlN CURED OF LEPROSY tives of some thirty-three American and Foreign Mission Societies 'l'his boy faced a life of suffering or Boards, to do this work. The until he came to the Mission Hos- Mission to Lepers is the tie that pital, received treatment. was trained binds them together in the world- for Christian service, and returned wide work for lepers and their chil- cured to his home in southern India. dren. The Mission aids one hundred and fifty leper hospitals in sand of these banks have already forty countries, but the world-wide been sent out. work is made possible only by the help of those who stand back of Pray for the lepers. these missionaries and this organi- It is our opportunity thus to zation. share in the modern fulfillment of Christ's command. One way to help this work is to use a program to tell the story Oifts may be sent to the American Mission to your own church or to other to Lepers (Fleming H. Revell, Treasurer) 156 churches where you may be speak- Fifth Ave., NIJW York. . ing. If people become interested, they will help. The American Mis-

FROM ASIA*

Opportunities in Persia tieth anniversary of the School for U NHEARD-OF-CROWDS are the Blind. Voluntary Bible study attending evangelistic meet- in boys' middle school is increas- ings. This is a new develop- ing. Chinese leaders and missionment in a Moslem country. There aries are rejoicing in working tois increased demand for schools gether at common tasks in momenfor young women. Dormitories tous days.-Rev. E. E. WaUine.

at Men's College, Teheran, are Tension in China Relieved crowded. One new building imperative. Hospitals are under- Nanking conditions much imstaffed.-Cablegram from Rev. W. proved over last year. Future A. Groves, Ph.D. Christian work hopeful. Conver- sion President Chiang relieving From Syria anti-religious tension. Time ripe for strong advance to win China More pupils than ever! Mos- for Christ. Only possible home lems request J.iission schools. Med- Church continues support with ical work Deir-ez-zore opens up prayer and money. Any retracdistrict along Euphrates. Direct tion now would cripple work, jeopevangelism entering Moslem terri- ardize success. Depending on your tory Sidon Presbytery. School and loyalty.-Rev. J. Russell Chandler. book store stir youth of Aleppo.

Hama with 85,000 unmanned. Punjab Mission Faces New India Send reinforcements. Insure ex- In the midst of the gigantic turpansion. Come. Give. Pray yeo moil of India in 1930 our schools, -Rev. R. C. Byerly. hospitals, bazaar chapels, our vis- Greater Freedom in Iraq iting in zenanas and homes, our colleges and theological seminary Iraq open to Gospel as never b~­ and our preaching of Christ have fore. Word of life preached dI- gone steadily forward. There have rectly to Arab Moslems in Bagh- been baptisms among the higher dad; Mosul, Hillah, Kirkuk, to classes-more numerous and prom- Kurds in Dohuk. Pray that the ising than in any year since the Holy Spirit will apply the message pioneer era of missions. A new of life through crucified and risen sense of the reality, the immediacy Saviour to hearts of these people and the total inadequacy of merewho are lost without Christ.- ly human means in making India United Mission in Mesopotamia, by safe for her new freedom has Rev. A. G. Edwards. opened the hearts and minds of Message from South China men and women as never be- fore. May God stir the American Today in South China: Marked churches until the man in the pews evangelistic opportunity. People gets the vision of this unparalare uniformly friendly. Disorder leled opportunity. Never has there is decreasing. Christians are rais- been a more open door to Christ in ing endowment to celebrate for- India than now.-Rev. E. D. Lucas, • From the Pre/51Jyterirm lYorld Ne'll}8. Ph.D .

334

"1 DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MlSS10NS"*

BY PROF. HENRY A. PERKINS, Hartford, Conn.

Proie880r of PhY8ios in Trinity Oollege. Recently Returned PrQ'm a World Tour (' T .1 DON'T believe in Foreign ability and character as the rest pf Missions. The heathen are a us, though, considering the altru- lot better off left to their istic purpose of their job, they are own ways, and their own religions as a whole somewhat more unself- suit them best." ish than we are, and as they must Thus the man who also says that learn, and learn thoroughly, one or it is a mistake to educate the Ne- more difficult foreign languages, gro, that America can keep out of they may average a little higher in world affairs, that the French are intelligence than those whose only a frivolous people and the Japanese speech is American. The best type dishonest. He believes such things is made up of the kind of person just as he believes billboards. He who, when he has found something has of course never visited a mis- good, is possessed of a consuming sion, and probably never even met desire to pass it along. There really a missionary. If he has travelled, are such people, and the best mis.

his opinio·ns have been formed by sionaries have gone out to China, other tourists like himself, or by India and Africa because they actu- the remarks of some chance ac- ally want to share the best things quaintance doing business in the of our civilization with those who Orient. His impressions of mis- haven't got them; they are old sionaries, who usually travel sec- fashioned enough to believe that ond-class, are derived from observ- child marriage, exposing superflu- ing them from the serene altitude ous infants to die, devil worship of the first-class deck. and so on, do not oontribute to the Though foreign missions had a happiness of a people.

very respectable beginning with Of course, there are many sorts St. Paul, though we owe to mis- of missionaries. Some are eminent sions much of the early exploration scholars whose work on the lan- and development of the continent, guages, literature and religions of and though we have been a great the people they live among has been missionary people, one hears that of large value. Dr. John Chandler, missions are harmful-first, be- of Madras, is such a one, and his cause they unsettle the lower class- work on the dictionary ,of the Tamil es; second, because they introduce language, under the auspices of customs and diseases which are the Indian government, is of great destructive of primitive peoples; importance. Everyone recognizes third, because they give the native his value as a philologist, at any a religion to which he is not suited; rate. Other missionaries are men and fourth, because missionaries of such intimate knowledge of na- live luxurious lives, not in harmony tive peoples and their ways that with the ideals of a religion of governments consult them with re- self-sacrifice. gard to colonial policies; such were Missionaries are as varied in the Humes of Bombay and Ahmad- nagar. Still others are great teachoa~c~':.~~':.~~~ ~~b,!'.:'~~:··;~~l.from The Ame"';- ers like the late Dr. W. A. P. Mar- 335

tin, of China, who adapted the Dr. Raman, of Calcutta, is one of Chinese characters to· the demands the world's ablest physicists. So of modern chemistry. China may some day tell us how to unlock the energy within the atom, At the other end of the scale or make some {)ther discovery of there are ignorant missionaries, vital importance. The Chinese are bigoted missionaries, unkempt and fully our equals in intellectual powunsavory missionaries, who were er, and to withhold our learning perhaps failures at home, or would from them, or from other highly have been if they had stayed there. intelligent peoples, would be as- They form a most unattractive suming a serious responsibility. minority, corresponding to similar minorities among politicians and Nobody denies the value of eleteachers, let us say. They may even mentary education for all, and the do harm, though considering that missions are doing what they can they usually find their own level to provide it, even in the jungles of among the much more hopeless out- Africa. In India, and even in China, casts of lands of poverty and mis- it might seem as if this was the ery, it is hard to see how a desire government's job, and that misto improve conditions-which even sionary effort was superfluous. But they must ·have-can be wholly to educate an almost wholly illiterwithout some benefit to the com- ate people numbering hundreds of munity. Even a worm can elevate millions is a Gargantuan task, and a lump of dirt if he puts his mind the Indian government has only to it. scratched the surface so far. If a province needs a thousand schools As to the missions, as organiza- and the government provides but tions, their purpoges and methods ten, ten more supported by the misare as varied as the churches they sions represent 100% gain. . . . represent, and the individuals who compose them. They all want to Other forms of education fosconvert the heathen. That goes tered by missions are training without saying, but they do much women in improving conditions in more than that-very much more- their homes, in the care of their and their ways of approaching the children, and in all forms of hycommon goal are as different as giene. Such work is not spectacis to be expected, and perhaps de- ular but when the result is seen to sired. be good by other women, the new ideas spread ·of their own accord The Missionary Purpose with ever-increasing momentum.

Conversion is far from being the It is a curious fact that everyone, only purpose of most missions. even the most banal objector, They aim at educating the people. seems to believe in medical mis- There are countless schools, col- sions. Hospitals in a city which leges and even great universities have had none before, doctors in founded and supported by mission- lonely outposts where only native ary effort. Whether it is worth medicine men have hitherto pracwhile educating the Chinese, for ticed, seem like rather obvious huexample, in the theories of modern manitarian activities for the folscience may seem debatable to lowers of the Good Physician. The some, but Japan has certainly pro- appalling diseases of the tropics duced eminent men of science, and and orient, and the advanced stages

"I DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MISSIONS"

to which they have usually devel- are sometimes reproached for usnped before the doctor sees them, ing healing as a means to converwould be a stimulus to the most sion. Well, what of it? The Foundblase medical man. Moreover, even er of Christianity seems to have those who hold that idol worship given His sanction to this practice. is as good for the heathen as Chris- A fourth activity of modern mistianity is f.or us will hardly argue sionary enterprise is agricultural that native medicine is as good as and industrial enlightenment. This ours in curing the natives' diseases. is not yet as common as the other branches I have discussed, but Such medicine is either magic many missions are beginning to pure and simple, with spells and help the farmers in improving incantations to drive out the devils their methods of cultivating the who are supposed to cause all ills, soil, in securing better seed and in or else it is a pseudo-science of breeding better live stock, while strange drugs and crude surgery. others are very active in teaching A root that happens to look like a the natives how to make and sell man has curative powers; tigers' articles of their own handicraft, claws, ground-up pebbles (any peb- thus helping to preserve beautiful ble will do), and other equally ab- designs and forms which are besurd remedies make up the phar- ginning to disappear in competition macopceia. A few valuable herbs with our own machine-made prodknown to native doctors have in- ucts. The University of Nanking, deed been discovered in Asia and in and some branches of the Y. M. C. the tropics, and have been gladly A., as in Hyderabad, India, offer accepted by our physicians, but in good examples of agricultural eduthe main their medicine is worth- cation and research, while such less compared to ours. Their sur- schools as the Congregational Misgery is even worse, for they haven't sions of Sholapur and Madura in the faintest inkling of aseptic India illustrate industrial training. methods, and it is common to encounter such perverted ideas as the What Are the Objections one prevalent in China, where the pus from a boil or other form of Now we come to the objections. infection is deliberately forced back Do missions unsettle the lower into the body. classes? Of course they do. They make the ignorant eager for know- Medical missions, with all their ledge, and knowledge is always unbeneficent activities, are the direct settling. They make them want result of the evangelistic spirit. better homes, with more pay to Very few doctors, qua doctor, provide for them. To prefer cleanwould have felt the impulse to liness to dirt, wholesome food and practice healing in distant and be- enough of it to a few beans or a nighted lands. They are more apt handful of rice, is awfully disturbto crowd into cities already well ing to the status quo. Small wonder cared for, so that even our own that those who employ native labor rural districts are beginning to suf- in China or India, Java or Angola fer. But doctors imbued with the complain bitterly of the evil inmissionary spirit go where the need fluence of the missions! It makes is greatest, and many are as able all the difference whether you want practitioners as those who prefer a to get something out of the native more remunerative practice. They 2

at the I{),west possible cost, or that seems good in Ohio was also whether you want to give him a mistake, because both our cloth- something that is going to make ing and our homes are inimical to him better, regardless of cost. their health. But one should for- Of course, if one really believes give something to those pioneers that people who are used to grind- who longed for homelike surround- ing poverty, pestilence and famine ings, and remember that they gave are better off as they are, then all they had, even life itself, for an there is nothing further to be said. ideal. It was wrong to lay violent But if one admits that these things hands upon such of the native ways'

are always and everywhere evils, as were innocent, but they did not then one must regard the dissatis- understand, any more than anyone faction which results from a desire else at that time understood, that for better living conditions, better clothes may sometimes be harmful, food and better health as a neces- and that nudity may be more mod- sary consequence, though more or est than an evening gown.

less temporary, ·of a justifiable ef- The Impact of the West fort to create a self-respecting peo- ple, able to take its proper place The mISSIOnaries cannot be among the brotherhood of nations. blamed for the disastrous impact The objection that missions have of Western civilization upon the introduced ways of living out of blissful islands where, if we are to harmony with the native environ- trust the novelist, child-like happi- ment and that they kill off the ness once prevailed. Nor can we aborigines by giving them our dis- lay at their door the rapidly dimin- eases is undoubtedly true in some ishing birth rate among pe{Jples cases, notably in the South Sea doomed to extinction because they Islands. But it is only a half truth. have lost all zest for living. This The manners and practices of our is one of the inevitable tragedies of civilization would, of course, have progress, like the fate of the Amer- reached these islands through trad- ican Indian under the "protection"

ers in any case, and their worst of the American nation.

features, disease, strong drink and Today the enlightened mission- various kinds of depravity, have ary recognizes all these considera- been actually introduced in this tions and modifies his early preju- way. So, since the worst features dices to meet the true needs of his of our culture were inevitable, the flock, even to the extent of dis- importation of a few of our better couraging clothes where they are standards and ideas through the harmful.

missionary was the least that could The relative merits of the great be done by way of recompense. religions of the world is too large A New England meetinghouse a subject to enter upon here. All amo·ng the palms of a tropical is- have claims upon our respect. . . .

land is certainly incongruous and But the fad remains that, lofty a fit subject for the mirth of the as these religions may be in their ungodly, but it is a relatively harm- primitive purity, they lack one or less misfit. Making naked savages more essential features of an ideal dress in the styles of New England religion. Buddha's teachings were was a grave mistake, and teaching atheistic. Confucianism is really them to live in the kind of house not a religion at all, but a system of

morals. Hinduism is grossly poly- much to be desired. So even Mo- theistic, and Mohammedanism is hammedans are a proper field for obviously lacking in the higher Christian missionary enterprise, forms of spirituality. Even with and, a fortiori, the adherents of such limitations these creeds at other religions, increasingly so as their best can produce fine qualities we descend the scale of ignorance.

of character and conduct and true If the converts from these non- beauty of soul among some of their Christian religions did not gain in adherents. But these form a mea- self-respect, peace of soul and gen- ger religious aristocracy in contrast eral intelligence after their con- to Christianity, with its power over version, one might still argue that all grades of intelligence and all so- degradation and fear are best for cial strata. the degraded and fearful, but such There are countless millions of is not the case, as anyone must ad- adherents to the great religions mit who has compared the converts just named, and to others less im- of almost any foreign mission with portant, . . . but an overwhelming their unconverted neighbors. The majority of these millions are ut- converts seem awakened and alert terly ignorant and the victims of by contrast, and when they are either degrading or terrifying su- members of the downtrodden, de- perstitions. Fear of all sorts of spised, untouchable outcasts of In- devils, quite undreamed of by the dia, the contrast is striking indeed.

founders of their religions, is their Luxurious Living only strong religious emotion, and the influence of that fear is appar- What of the luxuries with which ent on every hand in their daily the Christian missionary is said to lives. surround himself? Luxury is a While Buddhism, probably at its very relative term. A fur coat is best in Japan, numbers many de- a superfluity in the tropics, a luxvout and learned priests, in China, ury in New York, and a necessity at any rate, it seems to have sadly in Alaska. Noone accuses Dr. degenerated. . . . Grenfell of luxurious living because As to India, it is only necessary he wears furs when ministering to to visit the Golden Temple at Be- the needs of the fishing folk of nares, the Kali Ghat in Calcutta, Newfoundland and Labrador. The or the Great Temple of Siva and nature of one's occupation also dehis consort in Madura to see what the Hindu religion is like; reading termines what ceases to be a luxury one of the more temperate books and becomes a necessity. Formerly treating of child marriage, the evils a horse, as now an automobile, was associated with purdah, and the a necessity for a country doctor, terrible curse of caste, enables us though a luxury for most of us. to judge Hinduism by its fruits … What seem like luxuries in Amer- ica may be grim necessities in Chi- Even Islam is somewhat overlaid na, especially for a missionary with with superstitious corruptions of a family….

what its founder really taught. It The missionary family is a won- is too fatalistic and too material- derful object lesson to the native.

istic, while if it is to be judged by It shows him the respect and con- its fruits, certainly the Turks, its sideration with which we treat our leading exponents, seem to leave women, it gives him new light on

the upbringing of children, on sani- educated at great expense, trained tation in the home, and on all that in foreign language schools and goes to make for domestic happi- sent out into the field at more exness, not to mention the work pense, should incur the same risks among native women which the as those they seek to help. We do wife is able to accomplish. not put an army surgeon in the front line trenches, to share all the Granted, the value of women and dangers of the men whose wounds children in the mission, we must he is to heal. . . . revise our idea of what are luxuries for missionaries. The most obvious The home of the missionary has, "luxury" they enjoy is that of moreover, other uses than for the household servants. . . . A family missionary alone. Classes of mothliving in an American apartment ers and children, parties for old and young, musical gatherings with no servant still has numerous about the piano or the little reed mechanical servants at its disposal, organ, an occasional garden party, such as the water supply, the steam may all take place in this home, so heat, the gas and electricity, while its charm has a real social value in a cafeteria around the corner sup- elevating the standards and tastes plies occasional meals, a telephone of the people whom we believers in brings supplies to the door, and a Foreign Missions desire to help. trolley, or even an automobile, is available to shorten the time con- The Underlying Motive sumed in necessary shopping. This desire to help China or In- Deprived of these conveniences, dia, or any other great but backthe missionary and his wife would ward nation, is too complex in its have very little time to devote to underlying motives to discuss here. their real business unless they were Perhaps, after all, the desire to help replaced by native servants. Such really needs no explanation. It is a perverted use of effort would self sufficient, a deep-seated imnever be tolerated in any business pulse which we dare not disobey. concern. Moreover, half a dozen It is a very trite remark that the servants may be had for the price nations are bound closer and closer of one at home. . . . together daily as means of rapid inter-communication mUltiply. So Other "luxuries" are a comfort- that what becomes of a backward able house, an attractive garden, nation in the future is of tremencheerfully decorated rooms, good dously vital concern to us all, or beds, screens for the windows, a will be to our posterity. China's convenient kitchen, and a bath tub. ultimate destiny, with her more Some of these mean all the differ- than four hundred million souls, is ence between health and sickness. perhaps the most important, and The fact is that few Occidentals, we cannot look on with indifference especially women and children, can at her upward struggle. In this live as the natives live and keep struggle the missions are playing well, even if there were not the ter- an important part, and the kind of rible risk of such scourges as amre· civilization which that great people bic dysentery, malaria, cholera and will achieve depends a great deal the bubonic plague. If the natives on whether or not they absorb the die like flies because of such dis- best we have to offer them, or the eases, that is no good reason why worst.. men and women who have been of SOUTH CHINA. INDO _CHINA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ShQwiOIi trevel route af recent trip of R. A Jaffray OKE 01<' ~IR. .TAF'FRAT'R JOURKRYS IN I'lBARCII 01<' U:-;OCCUPIRD FIBLDS THE CALL OF BORNEO AND THE CELEBES BY REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, Wuchow, South China A TR1P to Borneo and the Cele- thought was: "Lord teach me what bes has not been a missionary this means." At once this Scrip- picnic, for these lands are in ture came to mind :-HSon of man, the "uttermost parts of the earth," I have made thee a watchman unto and are dark places without a ray the house of Israel: therefore hear of Gospel Light. the word of my mouth, and give I was feeling glad, after two them warning from me. When I months' absence, to be returning say unto the wicked, Thou shalt home to settle down again to work surely die; and thou give him not in Wuchow, and leave to others warning, nor speakest to warn the the respcnsibility of the perishing wicked of his wicked way, to save souls in these uttermost parts. his life; the same wicked man shall Then the Lord gave me a most die in his inqiuity: but his blood vivid and horrible dream. I thought will I require at thine hand." that I was at home and was a (Ezekiel 3: 17, 18.) I saw the fugitive from justice. It seemed meaning of the blood spots on my that the Lord Jesus was pursuing hands, the blood of immortal souls. me and that I had stains of human What could I do to pay my debt blood on my hands. The pure white and preach the Gospel to them?

snow was on the ground and I All these days I have heard the stopped to wash away the stains. cry of the man of Borneo-"Come Then, as I ran on, I awoke. My first over and help us!" I have had ring- 341 ing in my ears by day and by night In the streets of these cities the the names of "Balik-papan! Balik- darkness that can be felt depressed papan 1 Samarinda 1 Samarinda 1" my soul. It can be dispelled only Satan's complete thraldom over the by the Light of His Word.

souls of men in these parts has Now I hear the call of great never yet been challenged by the cities like Makassar and Surabaya, preaching of the Gospel. names new to me. They ring in I hear the voice of the Great my ears all day and are in my Shepherd saying, "Other sheep I dreams at night. "Makassar!

have ….. them also must I bring." Makassar 1 Surabaya! Surabaya 1"

And again, "Whom shall I send, They represent places of midnight darkness. Thousands of Chinese are in these cities as sheep without a shepherd. The little flocks have no leader. If we can supply Chi- nese Christian workers to help save these dying churches, and to open work in new cities before long we may have a score of self-support- ing Chinese churches here.

We must also send missionaries to the interior of Borneo and the Celebes, where wild head-hunters still live in the jungle. Some day they will hear the glad sound of the Gospel, see the great Light, and be saved. We are debtors to the Chinese, the Malay, the Javanese, the Indian, the Arab of these parts, and to the pagan wild men of the interior. We must not only warn them, but we owe them a debt that we must pay. It is our duty to give them the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. To fulfil this obli- gation some one must go, and some A NATIVE OF THE CELEBES one will have to send. "How shall they call on Him in whom they and who will go for us?" Who have not believed? And how shall will open a Gospel hall in Balik- they believe in Him of whom they papan and Samarinda? There are have not heard? And hew shall Mohammedan mosques at these they hear without a preacher? And places and heathen Chinese tem- how shall they preach except they ples. The devil is worshipped be sent?" (Rom. 10: 14, 15.) there. Theatres, gambling hells, It will require sacrifice; it will and worse places, all in full swing, cost tears and blood; but it is are thronged with people of many worth while. What a joy to go races – Malays, Javanese, Boegis, with Him, to preach His Gospel Chinese, and "the wild man of "where Christ has not been n a m e d ." Borneo" from the interior.

UNDER THE AMERICAN

What Shall We Do With the Moros of Mindanao?

BY THE REV. FRANK LAUBACH, D.D.

Missionary of the A. B. O. F. M., Mindanao" Philippine [slanas I MAGINE a globe, across which for food. Columbus ventured to is flung an American flag, seek India across the Atlantic in reaching from Maine to the the face of the common superstifurthest island of the distant Phil- tion that he would fall off the edge ippines. On the opposite side of of the world. He struck America the globe paint a huge green stock- but could not get around it. Maing stretching from Spain across gellan, with incredible doggedness, Northern Africa and Southern drove southward until he pene- Asia to the Southern end of the trated the stormy, churning straits Philippines. The heel of the green at the lower extremity of South stocking and the tip of the red, America; and then crossed ten white and blue, overlap in Min- thousand miles of open sea in his danao, for here are a half million little sail boats-on and on, and Mohammedans, the famous Moro on-tearing the leather from the pirates who kept the Pacific in ter- masts, and soaking it in the sea ror for centuries. We now hold and gnawing at it for food-on and those Moros because we took them on for a hundred days. When at from Spain. How Spain came into last he and his crew did reach possession of them is a strange land-it happened to. be Mindanao tale. It begins with Mohammed -they fell down weakly upon their himself. faces and gave thanks to God that Beginning his ministry in 610, they had found a way past their this marvellously electric person- Moslem foes. Then they started ality succeeded in galvanizing his out to explore and, did ever fate followers into "the most violent play so cruel a trick I-found the explosion of human energy in his- Moslems or "Mnros," who· had tory." His cheering throngs come around the world the other pushed across Northern Africa, way and swarmed all over the and by the year 732 were in South- Southern Philippines.

ern France. If they had won the This is how it came about that battle ·of Tours, probably all Eu- twenty-nine years after the Moors rope and America would have be- were hurled from Spain, the piticome Moslem. But they lost that ful struggle began again between battle, and began a very slow re- the "Moros" and the Spaniards in treat. It required 760 years to far-off Mindanao. Spain waited push them out of Spain! The very only long enough to become rooted year Columbus discovered Ameri- in the Northern Philippines, and ca, at the battle of Granada the then she equipped a fleet and sailed last Moors ("Morns" in the Span- to Mindanao to exterminate her ish tongue) were forced across ancient foes. The extermination Gibralter into Africa. went the other way, for scarcelJ They had now become a complete a Spaniard escaped to tell what had bar to all caravans to India. Men, happened.

like animals, will dare anything The triumphant Moros were 343

hungry for more blood. When the annihilate the Moros or even to southwest monsoon began to blow, convert them. All they asked was they sent a great fleet northward peace and obedience to the law. to wreak vengeance. They swooped They never attacked first, but if down upon village after unfortu- the Moros attacked, the recoil was nate village, captured Filipinos and as quick and as terrible as possible. Spaniards, set them to cutting the It was not a flattering reputation crops of rice and corn and piling that preceded the soldiers in some them into the Mora vintas, and areas. My teacher, Data Pambaya, then, by way of reward, they cut tells me that when his grandmother off the heads of the men and first set eyes on an American solcarried off the good-looking women dier, she ran home exclaiming, for theh wives, and the children "Why they are not beasts at all; as slaves. Vengeance proved ex- they walk on two feet like we do, citing and profitable, so when the but they are tall and white I" monsoon blew northward the following year the escapade was re- General Wood made a scientific peated. For two centuries the study of Mora psychology. He Moro guns proved superior to those bought all the books on Mohammeof the Spaniards. danism, the Moros, and the Orient that he regarded as having value- The Filipinos came to expect he had a room full of them-and this scourge as a regular part of what is more he read them. Then, their yearly life. Watch tower~ instead of going directly to Minwere built, where vigilant eyes danao, General Wood spent several scanned the seas by night and day, months in Borneo, Java, Sumatra, ready to sound the alarm that the and Singapore, learning all he Moros were coming so that every could from the Dutch and English living soul might flee to the moun- rulers and from the natives, about tains. Manila had a wall around the prejudices and habits of Malay the entire city. During the nine- Moslems. When he did reach the teenth century, the Spaniards, in Moros he was able to win their common with all Europe, gained a hearts and enlist their loyalty in a tremendous advantage by driving remarkably short time. The Motheir ships with steam, and were ros, for all their bloodthirsty hisable to chase the Moro vintas from tory, are real men. If they worship the seas, but to all intents and pur- physical strength and courage, poses these Moslem pirates were they admire mental astuteness even free from all real control by Spain more; and in General Wood they to, the very last. recognized one of the keenest minds of his day. When America arrived in the Philippines in 1898, the Moros met One Way of Making Friends their masters. Our War Department, realizing that here was a It happened that the Sultan of delicate and difficult region, sent Sulu was absent when General strong men to deal with the situ- Wood landed in Jolo, but Rajah ation-Wood, Pershing, Bullard, Mudah was acting in his place, Davis, Baldwin, Bliss, Sumner. and General Wood invited the These and others not so well known Rajah to pay him a visit. The were not only soldiers, but also Rajah replied that he was ill, so statesmen. They had no desire to Wood sent a company of soldiers

MOSLEMS UNDER THE AMERICAN FLAG

to inquire after his health. When personal prowess could command.

the Rajah saw the soldiers stand- It is a perfect example of feudal- ing at attention before the house, ism. When the American troops he made a quick recovery and ac- arrived, these tribes were in a state cepted the invitation. General of continual warfare, and men Wood received him cordially, never thought of eating, working showed him about the camp, and or sleeping without their weapons.

inquired whether he would be in- Wives or children who ventured terested in seeing a machine gun out of sight without close guard work. After the gun had mowed were likely to be stolen and carried down a few trees, the Rajah be- into slavery. Life in Lanao in came a fast and faithful friend of those days was not good for weak the American army. nerves.

S i mil a r treatment won the A scourge of cholera broke out friendship of the other chieftains, about the time that the American and all went well until they were soldiers arrived, and the Moros requested to free their slaves. naturally supposed that the sol- Then they all threatened civil war. diers had brought it. They rea- Datu Ali, the most powerful of the soned that the way to be rid of the Jolo Datos', shut himself in his cholera was to kill the soldiers, so cota, or bamboo fort, which is more they watched in ambush and picked formidable than it may sound. Six on any small group that ventured feet above the ground the rocts of out of camp.

living bamboo are tightly woven One old Mora named Alandug together and covered with mud-a paid several visits to the Camp and wall six feet or more in thickness, talked with Captain Bullard.

and from this wall rise thousands Noticing that the Americans did of huge hard bamboos to a height not die of cholera, he inquired the of ten or twenty feet, covered with reason, and was told that the men thorns. Such a fort is impregnable boiled the water before drinking it by direct infantry attack, but is not to destroy the cholera germs. The proof against modern field guns. old Mora spread the news that the Wood, who was always sparing of Americans had good Mohammedan the lives of his soldiers, was prof- doctrine for they chased the devils ligate wit h ammunition. He out of the water before drinking it.

smothered this Mora fort with In a short time Moros began to artillery fire, and when he had come from all directions for medi- finished, nobody was alive save cine. Many of them drank a cup those who had fled from the fort. of boiled water in the morning- Captain Bullard has written a and drank anything they wished delightful account of his experi- the rest of the day!

ences at Lake Lanao, where he The Moros are overflowing with sought to bring order out of chaos. surplus energy, and they want Around the lake are about ninety money more than anything else in thousand Moros, divided into "an the world. So Bullard set to work infinity of" small tribelets, each building a road from the coast to more or less ruled by small chief- Lake Lanao, thirty miles inland, tains having pompous titles like and paid what seemed to them "Sultan" or "Rajah" or "Data," enormous wages. Old Alandug yet with no more power than their came first "with a handful of ugly

fellows whom we treated like kings 1906, and the tears sprang to the and handled like infernal machines eyes of the young man, "That," he ready to go off at any moment." cried, "was my father. Oh, I want The number of workers increased to write and tell General Bullard daiIy-"armed, a I way s armed, about it!" And he interpreted the stuck all over with daggers and account excitedly to his brother krises." Even bitter enemies, who, who was sitting with us. "My if they had met anywhere else father was a very good Moslem, would have fought on sight, buried and wanted all the people to obey their deadly hatred for a time, and God. And the most ardent desire worked side by side. The love of of my life is to carry out his money, instead of being a root of wishes." It was one of the tensest evil, in this case worked for peace moments in my life. I took the and progress. hand of young Adbul Gani Moor, and said: "Gani, we shall be Tackling Their Religion friends and co-workers for life, for the most ardent desire of my Now Bullard tackled their re- heart is that the Moros and all the ligion. He studied into the night world shall learn to do the will of until he could talk fluently about God." the Koran, .and then invited the priests to visit him, and amazed Among the Moros life was held them with his knowledge of the very cheaply, one's own as well as sacred book. Although they knew that of another. In Jolo (but not little about it themselves, they pre- in Lanao) a Moro who was tired tended to know everything. From of life and wanted to take the that time the Governor had no shortest road to heaven would "run trouble whatever with the religia.us amuck," or juramentado as the problem, which had always proven Spaniards called it. He would the chief stumbling block of the bathe in a sacred spring, shave off Spaniards. Bullard became such his eyebrows, dress in white, and a close friend of Hadji Mohamad present himself before the' priests Noor, the most reverend Moslem to whom he would take a solemn scholar of them all, that this priest oath to die fighting the enemies of arose in Mora. Assembly and an- the faith. Then, hiding weapons nounced that it was the will of under his clothes, he would go to "Allah hoo ta Allah" that the the nearest Christian town, snatch Americans should rule over the his weapon from concealment and Moros and tax them to one-fifth of proceed to kill every person in all their goods! Never before in sight until he himself was killed. history had a Mora paid a cent of Simply injuring this fanatic would tax to anybody! The triumph of not stop him, for he would fight so Bullard's diplomacy was complete. long as there was any life left in him. If bayonetted, he would The best educated young Moro often seize the barrel of the rifle in Lanao has become my fast and push the bayonet farther into friend and my assistant editor. himself in an effort to get nearer "My father," he told me, "was the to the soldier at the other end. very first man to urge the Moros When at last the Moro perished, to obey America." So I read Cap- the news would be carried to his tain Bullard's account which ap- relatives who would then hold a peared in the Atlantic Monthly in

celebration. As night was coming ought to see Washington, the capon, some of them always saw him itol of the United States!" riding on a white horse bound for the abode of the blessed. Ten years after Carpenter began his work, one of the great round People who esteem life as cheap- the world boats was advertising, ly as that are not safe with fire- "See Zamboanga, the most beautiarms. Gathering up all the guns fullittle city in the world !" in the Moro country proved far the most difficult task undertaken by The result of this demonstration American soldiers. The Moros was that the Moros, especially the prize their guns more than any school children, went to work other of their possessions. At planting flowers around their present every Moro who desires to homes, and tried their hand at carry a gun must have a govern- rustic paths and fountains. Govment license. It is a privilege ernor Carpenter scoured the world which all important men prize also for new ideas in agriculture. highly, so they keep the law as Plots of ground were selected carefully as possible for fear their where the Moros could see what license may be taken away from was going on, and commercial them. plants of all kinds were raised for distribution. Seeds were distrib- New Ideas for Old uted free of charge, a specialist even going with the Moros to. show Clearly the chief need of the them how to plant and care for Moros was new ideas to take the the new crops. Coffee, rubber, tree place of their petty feuds and their cotton, avacarda pears and many narrow outlook; and all governors other articles are now permanently of the Moro country have been established. wracking their brains and scouring libraries for such ideas. Gov- The most wonderful tale in ernor Carpenter of Zamboanga Mindanao is this: For the first was the most original. He secured time in the history of Islam, a Moa landscape gardener from Wash- hammedan nation is going to school ington and set him to work beauti- to Christian teachers. The Moros fying Zamboanga. Beautiful little of Lanao are eager for their boys parks began to appear like magic. to have an education, for they see Fountains, charming waterfalls, that there is no other way in which and glorious flower gardens caught they can protect themselves from the eyes of the Moros, who had oppression and exploitation on the always loved color in their clothes part of unscrupulous people. but had not thought of putting it into their landscape. Numerous Even a few of the girls are atcanals, that once had been ugly tending school. But there are mud holes, began to shimmer with many hindrances in their way. An exquisite water lilies. Splendid Indian Moslem visiting the Moros concrete buildings arose along said: "The place of woman is to clean streets, and a great beautiful be subservient to man, and if she pier crept out into the bay, bril- becomes educated she talks back liantly lighted by dozens of gilded and wants too much money, and electric lamps. When the en- you cannot keep her in her place. thralled Moros asked the reason No, it will never do to educate for all this, they were told: "You women!" Then the educated girls tell the Moros that they intend to

marry Christians because they do the beginnings of an experiment in not like the easy divorce customs adult education, rather different of Islam, and they will not tolerate from anything of which I have a second wife. For these and other read elsewhere. Old and young reasons the Bureau of Education alike pile into our schoolroom is worried about the girls whom it whenever we open the doors, and educates, and is actually refusing study how to read our paper until to accept some who apply as stu- we have to invite them to go home dents in the schools. A profound for luncheon or until darkness social change results in these girls, prevents fUrther seeing. It seems and the Bureau wishes to be sure easy to prepare Moros teachers that it is not a change for the who can extend this "folk school" worse, or perhaps lead to a war idea all through the Province, and of the sexes! so teach the Moros how to become acquainted with the events of the A Great Danger in Lanao world around them.

The danger in Lanao is not that America owes a large debt to the Moros will refuse to drop their these Moros. We made them religion, but that they will take a promises which thus far we have cynical attitude toward religion left unfulfilled. They surrendered and morals in general. Those who to America, because they trusted have been in contact with "Chris- her. We deprived them of their tian" civilization are as a rule not means of self-defense. We owe it so good as those who have been to them to see that they are not wholly free from the contact. crushed and even exterminated in the pathway of greed. If we can- Bishop Brent, while in the not help them by peaceful meth- Philippines, became so greatly im- ods, they constantly tell me they pressed with the need of the Moros will resort again to arms, and if that three wealthy society women, they do they will bring misfortune infected with his zeal, went to J 010, upon themselves and all the Philipestablished a fine agricultural pines. They still remain the one school, and almost transformed the menace to Philippine Independence spirit of that once dangerous Is- which most worries many of us. land. On the other hand, if we give Four months ago, the Rev. them the aid they need they can Donato Galia and I opened our new become mighty leaders in this part station in Lanao Province among of the world. Nobody questions some hundred thousand Moros. their innate qualities. Personally We have found them friendly be- I believe that we shall see Moros yond all expectation. We began a driving down into Borneo and Java little newspaper in the Maranao and Sumatra and the Straits with dialect, which has been well re- their boundless energy, carrying ceived and is proving a channel for the new vision of what Christ can ideas of all sorts. It is published do for the enrichment of Islam. in Maranao with Arabic letters, and with Roman letters, and in These ancient pirates of the English. Perhaps half the men of Pacific can become the key tn the Lanao can read one of these three Moslem problem in The Far East. columns, and they all wish they They have it in their blood to do it. could read the other two. We have But what will America do?

RELIG IOU:;; RIHiCNI'ION CLASS IN A COUNTRY DAY

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOUTH BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Director of i'lt lJ licitlf, Board of l1U1nc Mi.'fsions a,1id Church R:.rtcnsion oj the ilIf;thutiist f,;pis("o}Jul ellul'clt OUT in Wyoming a certain A small but growing army of young woman had a "flat" trained young women are today at at a rather inconvenient work in rural areas on a new promoment, for a group of boys and gram which promises to revolugirls was awaiting her arrival at tionize religious procedure for a rural schoolhouse some miles these districts. It holds out to the away. After some tribulations the boys and girls in rural areas new damaged tire was repaired but the and better opportunities in relitraveler was so belated that it gious nurture than they have ever seemed almost foolish to proceed. before had. The plan, if extended, However, her habit of persistence will bring religious nurture to milhad its reward when she met the lions of youth attending rural pubentire group of bays and girls, lic schools, but who, for the most mostly Japanese and Scotch, at a part, have no regular contact with point a mile and a half from the any church or Sllnday-sclwol. It schoolhouse. They had come to will make possible religious train- meet their teacher, both because ing for other millions of boys and they were curious to know what girls who have had only the rather had happened to her and also be- sketchy aid of untrained volunteer cause they were determined not to Sunday-school teachers for twenty miss what she had to offer. That minutes a week when teacher and thing was not any part of the or- pupil have both found it convendinary public school curriculum ient to be present. Perhaps we but was instruction in religion and can best explain by citing the exlife. periences of one day with one of 349

these modern teachers of religion. promise to rural religion. No two One morning I was met at lessons had been alike, but each one' had fitted into a consecutive series. Ithaca by Miss Viola Schuldt, a I had seen small children cut, fold, college-trained young woman with and color their own paper "winpostgraduate w 0 r k in religious dows" which were then held closely education. After an early break- against the glass of the real winfast we headed for the country, dow while the pupils named the hustled for some miles over hard things which they could see for roads, swung onto a narrow, wind- which they wished to thank Gcd. ing, dirt road, and finally reached Afterward these lists were copied the top of a hill, where we found on the paper windows. The items an ancient one-room school. A ranged from trees and flowers to group of children were awaiting cows and people. Those carefully the opening of school, and a teacher made and colored windows, with was approaching from a distance. their list of blessings, wculd be faithfully preserved and would The bell rang and for sixty teach their own lessons during the minutes I listened to a thoroughly days that the teacher was away. prepared teacher presenting, according to approved pedagogical There were drills in the use of methods, a 'very effective lesson on the Bible, for the teacher provides God as the Heavenly Father. The Bibles at small cost. One group pupils belonged to no church and learned an evening prayer. Anattended no Sunday-school; some other discussed and planned in deof them were from homes of pov- tail a Thanksgiving party to be erty. During that hour they re- given at the schoolhouse for their ceived an impression which will mothers. They gave the reasons stay with them through life. They why the items which they sugwere so intent upon the lesson that, gested should be included in the when a huge threshing machine program. lumbered past over the country road in full view of the window, One school presented a simple, scarcely an eye was turned. These but carefully planned, religious farm youth here learned something dramatization, in which practically that will make them better citizens every member of the school parand will permanently enrich their ticipated. The One Hundredth lives. Psalm was used as memory work for one group, and notebook work At ten o'clock we sped on to an- formed a part of the program for other school where a still larger all the groups. Questions as to group of pupils awaited a lesson on what constitutes religious living Thanksgiving, of e qua II y high were discussed. merit; four o'clock found us on another hilltop, completing the Millions of Americans have resixth lesson for the day, this time ceived all the religious training upon the meaning of the Kingdom they ever had in church services or of Heaven. It was one of the most Sunday schools held in some schoolinteresting days I have ever spent, house. These new rural teachers for I had been watching an out- of religion are able to carryon standing representative of a new their work in conjunction with profession putting into practical public school authorities only beoperation a program of amazing cause of the provision of New York

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOUTH

State law making possible the re- of the salaries of the workers. lease of pupils one hour each week Methodists, Presbyterians, Bapfor religious instruction. After tists, Episcopalians and others several years of experience, the have joined and have produced the cash to make this new venture work has so commended itself to possible. parents that they sign written requests that their children shall be Rural teachers of religion are alreleased for it. Other states have ready at work in states as widely similar provisions and the number separated as New York, Pennsylseems likely to increase. In states vania, Arizona, Connecticut, Idaho, where laws are different the work Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, is frequently carried on b e for e Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michschool hours, during recess or after school. igan, Oregon, California, Montana, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, INDIAN PUPILS IN A MOUNTAIN SCHOOr. AND 'J'HEIR BIBLE TEACHER In Tompkins C 0 u n t y, Miss Oklahoma, Tennessee, West Vir- Schuldt reaches each week 284 gInIa, Wyoming, and probably pupils between Monday and Fri- other states from which no reday. She is one of five such work- ports are at hand. ers giving their time to this work. Tompkins County is, in fact, one In one county in Michigan one of the outstanding counties in the trained girl was now reaching United States in the development more boys and girls each week of this ministry to rural youth. through the public schools than all It has been made possible largely the churches of all denominations by the vision and patient per- in the same territory had reached sistence of Professor Ralph Felton through the Sunday-school at any of the Rural Extension Depart- one time in the past fifteen years. ment of Cornell University, and by the generosity of the churches of In Lane County, Oregon, the Ithaca, which have provided most work was begun three years ago under the personal direction of Miss Mary C. Harding, and was

later taken over by the Lane In one school a mother reported that County Council of Religious Edu- it was the first time her little boy had cation. The first year fifteen attended a religious service, and the first classes were organized with 329 time she and her husband had attended pupils; the next year the work "church" since they were married. In grew to twenty-five classes with another district the school was made up of Czechoslovakian, Polish, Hungarian, Welsh and Scotch children, only one 508 pupils. The present plans call American family being included. Many for fifty classes with an enrolment of the children in the kindergarten could of nearly one thousand. The work speak no English, and the mothers spoke is done on released school time and only brokenly but attended a class or- ganized to teach English.

reaches legging camps and lumber These are brief glimpses of a towns as well as agricultural com- movement that is s pre a din g munities. through rural America much faster These new rural teachers of re- than many imagine. It is bringing ligion are not limited to one meth- into existence a new profession for od of work. During the summer college and normal school grad- months they promote hundreds of uates who have taken time to daily vacation schools of religion. specialize in the work of religious One worker in Illinois reported education. The field is so full of twelve such schools under her di- promise and the method of work rection, with fifty-three volunteer so economical that men of wealth teachers and nearly six hundred would do well to set aside some pupils. Seventeen of these volun- millions of dollars with which to teer workers were public school challenge communities to achieve- teachers with normal training, ment along this line of religious nine college-trained high school nurture for rural youth. The teachers, two college-trained pas- movement might then be stim- tors' wives, three pastors with col- ulated somewhat as Andrew Car- lege training, two other college negie stimulated the loan library graduates, one undergraduate, and or as Julius Rosenwald has stim- nineteen with high school training. ulated the work of elementary edu- Without such trained leadership cation among Negroes.

probably not one of the schools Thus far the churches of Ithaca would have been held and six hun- have led the country in their will- dred boys and girls would have ingness to assume the salaries of missed several weeks of consecu- these rural teachers of religion, tive training in matters of religion. while the communities in which the During last summer Miss Esther work is done have been challenged B. Cutler, a worker in Wyoming, to provide a budget for traveling had charge of eight such vacation expenses and for educational ma- schools of religion with a total en- terials. In Lane County, Oregon, rolment of 240 pupils, ranging the teaching is done largely by stu- from four to twelve years of age. dents on part time. The communi- Of her experiences Miss Cutler ties served are expected to pay the writes: salary of the teacher, while travel- Many of the children are not connected ing expenses are provided by a with any church or church school and financial campaign. In some cases their parents have no church connec- Rural Religious Education Societion. Many of the boys and girls came a long distance on horseback or in car- ties with a membership fee have riages…… . been organized among rural and

town dwellers to support this rural over, but it does mean that we canprogram of religious nurture. Na- not depend upon it exclusively to tional agencies, both denomina- provide religious training for the tional and interdenominational, boys and girls in America. The have also made direct appropria- public school is the only agency tions for this religious ministry. which reaches ninety per cent of All of these methods of support American youth, so that any comhelp, but the field is enormous and prehensive system of religious nuris ripe unto harvest. ture shculd be worked out in terms of school districts and school It has become increasingly clear groups. that the Sunday-school cannot be DRAMATIZING A BIBI,E STORY IN A CLASS IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION depended upon to fill the needs of These new workers in religious the boys and girls of America for education are blazing a new trail full religious nurture. It has for a more comprehensive plan of reached only a fraction of Amer- religious nurture for rural youth. ican youth and it labors under the Our rural regions are crying out handicaps of the "peak-load-at-a- for a great army of well qualified single-hour," the limitations of un- religious teachers, as well trained, trained teachers, and irregularity as well paid, and as sure of an opof attendance on the part of both portunity for service as are public teachers and pupils. The latest re- school teachers. The way is beligious census shows that only 44.1 ginning to open. State legislatures per cent of the children of the are breaking down some of the bar- United States are even enrolled in riers; boys and girls of our rural Sunday-school – an actual decline areas are finely responsive, and a of more than four per cent in a crowd of enthusiastic coli e g edecade. This does not mean that trained workers are crying out, the day of the Sunday-school is "Let's go!"

3

FROM THE FRONT*

Siam Christians Accept Responsibilities crease in enrollment. Reinforce- Na~ionals willingly accepting in- ments and adequate appropriacreasmg responsibility for work tions urgently needed and call for but urgently asking for more train- the earnest prayers of the home ing. All churches in South Siam Church.-Rev. T. E. Barber.

Presbytery united in supporting Guatemala Sends Greetings work in East Siam.-Rev. Herbert Lord's work advances spite erup- W. Stewart. tion, earthquakes, drought, finan- Pray for Japan's Spiritual Advance cial crisis, revolution. Believers Hokkaido, Japan, a land of un- growing in grace, volunteer servlimited opportunities for Christ. ice, giving. Marvelous opportuni- Cities of over 60,000 and 70,000 ties. Force undermanned. Mediwith no resident foreigner demand cal work extended to unserved dismission~ries immediately. North- tricts. Home needed to replace ern Star Girls' School, with every shack for missionaries at boys' teacher a Christian, had over school. New school building Queeighty baptisms last year. You at zaltenango great asset. Praise, home please study, pray and give pray, sustain budget, send best that Japan may advance spiritu- young people.-Rev. L. P. Sullenally as she has materially.-Rev. berger. Leo C. Lake. :Brazil Plans Expansion Venezuela Asks Open Door Presbyterian Missions in Brazil have produced one of strongest National Church and Mission national churches in the world, carrying on in spite of exclusion but vast interior regions still un- of foreign clergy. We unitedly touched by Gospel. Missions plan- ask interest and help in forward ning expansion Amazon Basin movement in Venezuela. Remem- and Indians Upper Xingu. More ber our building program in your prayer, money and reinforcements offerings. Pray for deepened spir- from home churches urgently itual life for Venezuela Church and needed for advance. Confident that God may open way for en- you will not fail us.-Rev. Philip trance of much-needed mission- S. Landes.

aries.-Rev. C. A. Phillips. From West Africa Colombian Government Sympathetic To the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.: Much progress is being New Colombian government by made in the old fields of Cameroun fair election is sympathetic to all and fine opportunities are opening our work. Great opportunities for in unoccupied or partially occupied the spread of the Gospel. Young regions. The church here is men and women offering them- marching forward and no insurselves for service require prepara- mountable obstacles are visible. tion. Critical financial crisis causes Continued support is urgently much distress. Schools greatly in- needed to man properly the line • From the PresblftPT-ian IVorld New8. of occupation.-Rev. R. H. Evans.

354

'J'HE WORLD CONGRESS {W CHRISTIAK }lISSIONS AT

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA The Story of the Notable CO'/1,gress Held in Tennessee BY DAVID M. SWEETS, Louisville, Kentucky Ewit(lr of The Cltr~N«-'H Observer ; BOUT 1,800 registered dele- the report. The Findings Commit- tee brought in its report at the last £". gates attended the Congress session.

on World Missions in Chat- Great enthusiasm was manitanooga in addition to several hun- fested by those attending the Condred unofficial delegates and visi- gress. tors. The large auditorium, with a seating capacity of over 5,009 Dr. J. P. McCallie, of Chattapersons, was comfortably filled at nooga, and the local committee on the night meetings. A magnificent arrangements had made adequate pageant was presented by repre- preparation for the comfort and sentatives of the Chattanooga convenience of all the delegates. churches, portraying the seventy The program had been carefully years of missionary work of the prepared under the direction of Dr. Presbyterian Church in the United C. Darby Fulton. States. Rev. James 1. Vance, D.D., chair- Each afternoon, one of the re- man of the Executive Committee ports* of the six commissions ap- of Foreign Missions, at the openpointed a year ago was read and ing session outlined the task of the immediately the Congress divided church as follows: up into thirty groups-ten in the Men's Division, ten in the Women's Has the church of the twentieth Division, and ten in the Young Peo- century enough character for its task? ple's Division-for discussion of Can it shake off its entanglements with politics, with industry and capi- • The reports of tile Commissions were pub· tal, with civic reforms and credal big- otries, and emancipate itself for its ~~s~ege i~e:u~;~kfo~f i5"2cfnat~e~y c~;1t'n~f t,;h~~~ supreme undertaking which is spir- itual? Can it clothe itself with salva- ~30~1~:;.h~li~,m¥:~~,.of Foreign Missions, Box 355

tion, and flaming with a new passion OOO,OQ() in the next eighteen for Calvary, and bearing the marks of months."

the Cross in its hands and feet, get Dr. James Endicott gave a conto its work? We are here to see. This vincing address, proving that for- Congress will mean next to nothing eign missions is of the very warp unless there issues from it a church and woof of the New Testament. born again, The report of Commission I, of The opening address of the Con- which Dr. Walter L. Lingle was gress was made by Rev. Mark A. chairman, contained the following Matthews, D.D., pastor of the First section on "Missionary Obligation Presbyterian church of Seattle. He and Motive": asserted that the answer to the question, "Why is not our ;cphrch Christ the Only. Foundation more interested in contributing In dealing with the obligations of its ,mdney and its sons and daugh- the Christian church to carry the Gos- ters to missionary work?" was to pel to the nonChristian lands we are be found in the fact that "there touching the crux of the whole prob- are 63,000,000 pagans in America, lem today. Why is it that the interest and it is harder to bring American in foreign missions is everywhere lagpagans to Christ than it is to con- ging and that gifts are faIling off? It is because the Chri·stian people are vert the heathen ….. . no longer gipped by a burning con- "I am standing on the terms of viction that men everywhere are lost without Christ. The sense of urgency, command and by the authority of of immediate danger, of a crisis in Christ, who is absolute in power salvation has largely disappeared. in heaven and earth. Christ is the Many of our preachers no longer only incarnation; there never has been one before and there never preach as dying men to dying men.

will be another. That doctrine Our forefathers believed that men would change America today in everywhere without Christ were in imminent danger of facing the wrath fifteen minutes if the materialistic .of God. Our modern world has largely crowd who are hoarding the wealth lost this urgent note in salvation. We need to restore it. We need to learn would realize it." that we are in danger not only of the Contributions to mission have wrath of God hereafter, but that here and now a world without Christ faces been decreased because "we have immediate disaster in its economic, been spending our money on our- social and international relationships. selves," Dr. Matthews said.

"The organized forces of the antichrist are doing more today to Our age is not primarily interested in weaken the arm of Christianity what it conceives to be a mere figment and to thwart its aim than ever of the theological imagination, but it before," he declared. "Communis- is vitally concerned in present losses tic theories and policies are sweep- and disasters. It is this loss of a ing the world. One billion four mighty conviction about salvation and hundred million people yet unsaved of both a present and a future disaster are lying out before us, presenting to the soul and to modern civilization a field white for the harvest. If without Christ that has cut the nerve Christians were to do the hand- of missionary obligation and enthusi- asm. picked personal work that was What has destroyed this burning done in the first century of the conviction that the nonChristian world church we could touch those 1,400,- is lost without Christ? The problem

1931J WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA

here is very little different on the for- Jesus Christ. He loved us and gave eign field from what it is at home. Himself for us. All that we are to- The disease has only come to a head day, and all that we hope to be through a little more quickly on the frontier the eternal age·s to come we owe to lines. What has destroyed the Chris- Him. He wants us to tell all the world tian conviction both at home and the story of His redeeming love. He abroad is the rising tide of secularism. has made His heart's desire known to This, more than the heathen religions, us in many ways. He has even com- is the subtle foe that we must meet manded us to go and preach the Gos- abroad. In fact, the heathen religions pel to every creature. His love should are being undermined by this same be a constraining motive. His com- naturalism ….. . mand should be final with those who At one time all departments of hu- love Him. We have a longing to be man endeavor were built on a churchly Christ-like. If we really want to be foundation. But, one by one, each has like Him, we must share His desire asserted its independence of ecclesi- that all men should be saved ….. . astical control and built its superstructure anew on Ii basis of pure God's ideal for the individual is that naturalism …… Science was once a he should become perfectly like Jesus child of the church; but she has raised Christ. "Whom He did foreknow them the standard 'of revolt, and desires not did He also predestinate to be cononly to rule her own household with- formed to the image of His Son." out outside help, but also to build all His ideal for the world is that it moral and spiritual values on a secu- should become perfectly like heaven. lar foundation. Today the new reli- "Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be gion of Humanism would do without done on earth as it is in heaven." ….. the church, her sacraments and her These ideals can be realized only as supernatural revelation. Such is the men everywhere learn to know and revolt of secularism. It is Christian- love the Christ, and crown Him Lord ity's greatest enemy both at home and of all in their lives ….. . abroad. It has largely taken the nerve out of missionary obligation to a lost An appealing statement was made and dying world. by the Jerusalem Council: Since Christ is the motive, the end of Chris- If this abiding missionary convic- tian missions fits in with that motive. tion and obligation is to be restored, Its end is nothing Jess than the prothen we must show to the world, both duction of Christ-like character in inat home and abYoad, that personality dividuals and societies and nations and modern civilization will perish un- through faith and fellowship with less they are built upon the Rock Christ, the living Saviour, and through Christ Jesus. For other foundati~n corporate sharing of life in a divine can no man lay-not science, philoso- society. Christ is our motive and phy, secularism or humanism-than Chri·st is our end. We must give noththat is laid, which is Jesus Christ. We ing less, and we can give nothing more.

need to show to the world anew the Dr. S. M. Zwemer gave an admeaning of sin both in its individual and in its social aspects, to make clear dress in which he said that the that all secular foundations for the church has lost its sense of the ursoul and for society will ultimately gency of missions, its sense of the fail, to present attractively and con- adequacy of the Gospel and its vincingly the unchanging Christ as sense of the supremacy of Christ. the solution of the world's problems, and as bringing salvation both here Two gripping messages were brought by Dr. Robert E. Speer.

and hereafter. In one he dwelt particularly on the We are under eternal obligation to present day objections that are be-

ing advanced, without and within and who are groping around for the church, concerning foreign mis- the new. sions-objections no different from those which the first Christian had The scope of the Congress can to confront. be seen from the subjects assigned to the six Commissions that pre- In another address he said : "We pared and presented comprehenare facing the same problems with sive reports as follows: which Christianity was confronted at its beginning-problems dealing I. The Missionary Message and with the destiny of the human soul, Obligation-Christianity and the Nonthe personality of Jesus and the Christian Religions. Rev. W. L. relationship of Christianity with Lingle, D.D., chairman. the other religions of the world. The relationship of religion to the II. The Foreign Field-Our Misstate, to politics, to war, to mar- sionary Responsibility. Rev. D. W. riage and to citizenship, also is the Richardson, D.D., chairman. problem of Christianity now as in the beginning." III. The Church at Home-How Can It Meet This Responsibility? Dr. Speer referred to fallacious Rev. H. W. DuBose, D.D., chairman. educational ideas and said: "An idea has been evolved that educa- IV. The Pastor and Missions-His tion must not transmit anything, Place of Leadership. Rev. Wm. M. but must be evocative. We are told Anderson," D.D., chairman. that the experience of mankind in all the years of its existence must V. The Offering of Possessionsnot be transmitted through educa- Adequately Financing the Enterprise. tion. Are we to refrain from teach- Rev. A. S. Johnson, D.D., chairman. ing a language to children until they become eighteen, so that they V. The Offering of Life-The will be able to choose what lan- Missionary Recruits, Past, Present guage they shall learn? Must and Future. Rev. W. Taliaferro everyone start at the beginning of Thompson, D.D., chairman. the human race and learn all its experiences for himself? The Findings things that in the past twenty years the antichristian forces have The facts set forth in the report been attacking are the secondary of Commission I on "The Missionagencies of the church, which we ary Message and Obligation" conhad been told were what the world stitute a ringing appeal to the wanted-the schools and the hos- church. pitals. The need of the world for Jesus "It is sad to see men tearing is as great today as it was when down the old gods before they have He ascended the Cross on Calvary. found the true God, but it gives the The imperative of the Great Com- Christian church an opportunity to mission, "Go ye into all the world replace the old half truths with the and preach the Gospel to every full truth of the living God. The creature," has lost none of its old fanaticisms are dying down, force. He is still saying, "If ye and all over the world one sees men love me, keep my commandments," who have forsaken the old gods "As the Father hath sent me, even so send I you."

In dealing with the obligation of the Christian church to carry the Gospel to the nonChristian lands we are touching the crux of the whole problem today. Why is it that the interest in foreign mis-

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA

sions is everywhere lagging and more be placed upon the native that gifts are falling off? It is be- church for support and direction.

cause the Christian people are no Schools which are only secondary longer gripped by a burning con- should not be continued. Recog- viction that men everywhere are nizing the evangelistic value of lost without Christ. these institutions, however, we be- The sense of urgency, of imme- lieve that the church should be diate danger, of a crisis in salva- slow to adopt a policy of establish- tion, has largely disappeared. ing no more schools and hospitals, Many of our preachers no longer but should at present strengthen preach as dying men to dying men. those in existence and be guided Our forefathers believed that men by conditions on the fields in fu- everywhere without Christ were in ture policy.

imminent danger of facing the It should be our missi()nary pro- wrath of God. Our modern world gram to develop in all our fields has largely lost this urgent note self-supporting, self-governing, and in salvation. We need to restore self-propagating native churches, it …… We need to show to the and the church at home should world anew the meaning of sin, supply all that is necessary to real- both in its individual and in its ize this end.

social aspect's, to make clear that To meet these needs there shOUld all secular foundations for the soul be an increase both in missionary and for society will ultimately fail, force and financial support. The to present attractively and con- commission estimates that a twen- vincingly the unchanging Christ ty per cent increase in number of as the solution of the world's prob- missionaries during the next ten lems and as bringing salvation both or fifteen years and an annual in- here and hereafter. crease of five per cent in mission- Our church has not undertaken ery offerings during the same too great a missionary task, and period seems to be a reasonable that we should press on to its com- estimate.

pletion as rapidly as the church Under the guidance of God a furnishes the means for advance. call should be made to all churches Conditions in the world and on our for confession of our inadequate mission fields emphasize the ur- faith, and of our lack of genuine gency of the task and call the self-denial and of devotion to our church to renewed energy and con- Lord and to His service …… The centration to the task. budget should be considered the The effective accomplishment of minimum and that churches should our missionary task means that we be called upon for additional spe- should first establish and strength- cial sacrificial gifts to meet the en the work already under way, great needs of the world as the op- then press on as rapidly as pos- portunityoffers.

sible into unoccupied areas. Direct We strongly endorse the grow- evangelistic work should be ing practice of schools of missions stressed. Institutional work, as and missionary libraries in the represented by scho()ls and hospi- Church, and we especially com- tals should be made subordinate mend schools of missions for men.

and contributory to the evangelistic We believe that there should be objective. They should more and worked Ol,lt some original plan for

the education of the Church in all sound physical condition in order its causes ….. . that the percentage of return be lessened. In the period of prep- The appeal for foreign mission aration, they be encouraged to culsupport should be grounded more tivate a balanced mental attitude largely in a portrayal of the tri- toward life, including participaumphs of the Gospel of Christ and tion in recreational activities, and that the note of defeatism should the cultivation of necessary periods not be so often sounded. of relaxation from their work. They should also be men and wom- The Pastor and Missions en of good general ability. Above all, a missionary must have a sound The pastor, being the divinely moral character and an intense deappointed overseer of the individ- votion for the Master. ual church and the recognized key to all forward movements, should In addition to trying to make the assume the responsibility of mis- missionary spirit permeate all our sionary leadership. It is the judg- homes and institutions, the Church ment of the groups that the pas- has the right to call to particular tor's leadership in missions can be fields such representatives as are made more effective if elders, dea- deemed suitable and desirable. The cons and members of our churches Church through its Foreign Miswould recognize and assume their sion Committee should have the Christ – appointed obligation to power to call a man or woman to a carry out the purpose and program field, but that individual must in of the Great Commission. How- no way be constrained beyond ever, the missionary enthusiasm in what he interprets to be the call of any church, including officers and God to that work. This is not to members, is almost directly pro- be construed to discourage volunportionate to the faithfulness and teering for the field. effectiveness with which the pastor gives missionary information and Our missionary representatives inspiration. should receive the best possible training before being sent out: It There should be greater em- was emphasized again and again phasis on consecration of self and that this training should begin in means, through leadership by pre- Christian homes. This training cept and example of pastor and should, if possible, include the obofficers of every church with firm taining of a college degree because conviction that the tithe is a debt of the necessity for recognition on to the Lord and that gifts come the foreign field. However, the afterward. main emphasis in training should be to secure a real spiritual experi- The Offering of Life ence in the candidate, since the Congress finds the main motive for Missionaries are wanted and are securing, training and sending out needed, and are being sent out to- or going as missionaries "the need day, but that there is a particular and sacrifice of Christ:' need for securing the very best possible type of men and women. These missionaries should be of

IS YOUR BIRTHDAY?

Birthday Bands and Their Remarkable World Wide Mission " H BY EMMA BELLE D. PIERSON, Montclair, New Jersey AVE you ever heard of the Gather Up the Fragments. The most remarkable mission- happy company of 6,000 donors ary enterprise in the now belonging to this Band sent world?" last year over £1300 ($6,500) in This question by a Christian lay- thank offerings of birthday shil- man in Australia was interjected lings.

into a conversation as we sat on a They work through existing mishillside overlooking the city of sionary organizations, helping mis- Brisbane, Queensland. The super- sionaries in tight places when there lative adjective caught our atten- is no money available to meet tion. Then he told us a story of a some peculiarly urgent need. Last world-wide ministry founded by a year the gifts touched twenty-four missionary minded mother and an different countries, supported impressionable lad in Australia twenty-six native Christians, ac- who became interested in working tive messengers for Christ to their and saving and giving to educate own people, and kept in Christian a boy in India. It was in the days homes and schools forty-five boys of paper shaving balls, and the and girls who had been rescued son's willing little hands made doz- from opium dens, idol temples and ens and dozens of these balls and slavery of all kinds. The original sold them, sending a goodly sum Band has increased to eighty-four, on his birthday each year to India with eighty-four prayerful volun- to educate his little brown skinned teer secretaries who send personal brother in a Christian school. Then greetings and missionaries news- the World War came and took this letters to each member as each earnest young Australian boy, birthday comes around. The sec- whose life might have been spent retary's other joyful duty is to for- in the service of Christ in the mis- ward to the central office the "love sion field. The bereaved mother gifts" that come in response to conceived the thought of perpetu- these greetings. There are no paid ating his work, by forming a Mis- officers, (postage stamps are al- sionary Birthday Band to which most their only over-head ex- everyone having a birthday might penses), but such real links are be eligible. being forged between the givers There are missionary enterprises and the needy in far off mission you can visit and see, there are lands that the work is an effective others you cannot. No buildings education.

of stone, no elaborate organiza- One outgrowth from this Mis- tions represent them at home or sionary Birthday Band is as interon the field, but they are neverthe- esting as the Band itself. One less truly adventures for God in member, a retired missionary from the realm of service. Such is the China, appreciating the cheery Missionary Birthday Band formed birthday letter received with news twelve years ago, with the motto: of the one his love gift was help- 361

ing, thought of a bedridden friend little widows who are proteges.

whom he might enroll and thus We stopped at desolate Thursday bring a new outside interest into Island where a tiny girl named his life. The invalid was Mr. Rob- "Little Lovely" is being educated ert A. Byers of Melbourne, for for God's service, enduring there thirty years a helpless paralytic, the hottest average temperature in tc tally blind and partially deaf, and all the world. In the Kwato Mis- hopelessly lock-jawed. With the sion, Papua, we saw how the gifts first birthday greeting to this inva- of the Band are being multiplied lid came a booklet telling of a little a hundredfold in the hands of the blind orphan in India whom the devoted missionaries. In Sydney Band was helping. As a visiting we met Miss Florence Young of friend read to him the story the the Solomon Islands Mission and blind paralytic was filled with a heard of several fine Christian boys longing to do something for the who are being cared for by big countless number of friendless brothers of the Band. In Kobe, blind folk the world over. He spoke Japan, we saw dear old Mrs. Jo to ten friends who joined the who carries on her work for des- Birthday Mission Band, they in pairing women; and in Shanghai turn became leaders of other bands, we visited the Door of Hope, that and eight years later this bedrid- haven for ill-treated child wives den Christian formed his birthday and street girls. All these count the Mission Band into a Mission to the Birthday Bands among their help- Blind, ministering in Bible lands ful friends.

and Far East. When God called Considering the distant out· this brave sufferer to higher serv- reaches of the Band, there is a reice four years ago, the mission in markable family feeling, a touch its seven years had raised over $21,000 and was supporting eight between the needy children and the blind evangelists, five blind Bible parent organization so close that women, and eighty sightless chil- the children themselves show in- terest in each other. Last year the dren, besides publishing Braille blind girls in China felt concern literature in many lands. for the leper children in India and Probably one secret of the suc- undertook to weave a bale of cloth cess of the Birthday Mission Band for them.

lies in its large number of organ- Mr. Byers, founder of the misized prayful volunteer workers. sion to the blind, has been called There is an immense amount of home and ill health has caused Mrs. work entailed in keeping track of Garrett, the mother of the Birthsix thousand birthdays and sup- day Mission Band, to withdraw plying tid-bits of missionary infor- from active service, but friends mation to keep alive a desire to will not permit the rare and lovely cooperate further. work to droop and fade for lack of watering with prayers and gen- On our recent missionary tour we visited several places where the erous gifts. * Band has a loving interest in the work. The Ramabai Mission, near • Jj"or fu['thcl' information write to lIr. W .

Poona, India, includes one or two .J. Tunlpy. 26 Brisbane Arcade, Brisbane, QueellslllllQ.

FORWARD MOVEMENT IN

BY THE REV. DONALD FRASER, D.D., Edinburgh, Scotland T HE leaders of the newly show a Christ-like character, and united Church of Scotland attract to Him the million souls in believe that this Church has our own land who are without the now an unrivalled opportunity for Church. influencing the life of Scotland and of the whole world. Since the "The world overseas needs that Union wherever the Church is at we do so. In these days of rapid work there is a spirit of expect- change, when the forces of science, ancy that a forward movement, commerce and nationality are so with a great spiritual dynamic, profoundly influencing the world, will be undertaken by all depart- we who have most to give to shape ments at home and abroad. and guide the nations must see to it that these forces are permeated Such a forward movement has by the spirit of Jesus Christ.

been started and the preliminary "We thank God for all the ac- announcement says: tive efforts of the Church today to "We have the instruments ready overtake its task, yet we must for such a movement. We have a recognize that we have not yet Gospel of the crucified and living proved our adequacy for the enor- Lord, which centuries have proved mous undertakings to which we to be the greatest regenerative are committed. The proposed Formessage of the world. We have ward Movement is a plan by which organizations formed to meet the we may draw more fully upon our needs of the age and to carry this immense resources, by making ourmessage to all classes and races of selves more aware of the task to men. We have our own personali- which we are summoned, and the ties which, if dedicated to the power available to accomplish it.

Kingdom of God, can provide the "The method we would use is to service of men, money and prayer, issue a carefully considered Call to which will make these organiza- the whole Church. This we are tions freely active. preparing through commissions which are reviewing our respon- "What more is required? Only sibilities, and commitments and that the Church should now claim what response these demand of us. and draw upon the unlimited re- The result of their study will be sources of power which are in her embodied in a volume which will membership, and in God the Holy take the form of 'A Call to the Spirit. Service of the Kingdom.' The Call will be conveyed to the Church by "Scotland needs that we do so. a Congress to be held in Glasgow, Our religious habits and faith are October 26 to 30, 1931, at which apt to be merely a heritage from 2,000 to 3,000 delegates from all the past. They must become our the Presbyteries in Scotland will own through deep religious con- be present. Thereafter it has victions, till Christ the Lord of all been suggested that provincial con- Life, so triumphs in our personal gresses of shorter duration should and social life and controls all our relationships, that the Church shall 363

be held. These will be followed by bring definitely before the various a series of Missions of the King- meetings of their Church the purdom from town to town, and Pres- pose and value of the Forward bytery to Presbytery, when there Movement. will be presented to the Church and the whole community the call "Our hope lies in the spirit of to personal and congregational prayer which may be roused and dedication to Christ and the serv- maintained throughout the Church. ice of His Kingdom. In addition We would have the preparation of to, and in preparation for these the Call so directed by the prayers more local efforts, directed and of the Church that when it appears, prayerful study of the Call in the and is conveyed to the Congress at congregations will be essential, in Glasgow, it shall be as the voice of order to reap the maximum of ben- God to His Church. efit and stimulus. "We ask that in the pUlpit serv- "Meanwhile it is necessary that ices, and in all meetings of the a spirit of expectation and of congregation prayers may go unprayer he created and nurtured. ceasingly to God. We suggest that Already many forms of a forward prayer groups should be formed of movement are visible. In some those who shall study the. pamcases it appears in a house to house phlets and pray for the Holy Spirvisitation, which has now become more possible under a plan of ter- it, and that in the family and in ritorial responsibility: in others private devotions the Call and the in united evangelistic services, and Congress he remembered. in meetings for the quickening of spiritual life. "If all bear their part in creat- ing and stimulating this atmos- "A series of papers dealing with phere of prayer and expectation, the Church's task, its message, and we shall see such a Forward Movethe Divine Power necessary, will ment as will change Scotland, and be circulated first to ministers, and influence the whole world." afterwards to the public. Their object is to enable ministers to Are there not valuable sugges- tions here for a world-wide spir- itual revival in every Church and in every land?

THE CHURCH IN A CHANGED WORLD The Church today finds itself in a vastly different world from the one of a few years ago. Modern discoveries, new inventions, the scientific spirit, and the enlarged knowledge of the world in all its aspects have had their effect not only on the world in general but especially on religion and the work of the Church. New problems and new difficulties stand in her path. The whole world has been changed. Mission lands have also felt this impact and, although backward and static for centuries, are now changing rapidly, giving the Church the opportunity of laying Christian principles in the foundations of the new nations that seem destined to exert a mighty influence on the whole family of nations….. .

The world has changed, but the outstanding human needs remain as of yore. The world is poor, and sick, and ignorant, and sinful. Man needs a God who is Christ-like and who makes Christ·like men. The Church knows that God. She has that kind of men. The Church is the human agent by which men may come to iknow Jesus Christ, and may be led into that transformed Life.

-C. H. STAUFFACHER in The Evo.,ngelico.,/ Messenger.

Much Is a Missionary to less than one half its normal

VVorth? Chinese workers are paid in this de- preciated currency and suffer hard- Who can rightly estimate the worth ship from the present higher prices.

of a man-as a unit in society, as a Most missionaries are paid in foreign laborer, as a leader of men, as a fa- currency (gold) and receive the bene- ther, as a prophet of God? In some fit of present exchange rates. (One parts of the world a man's life is gold dollar now buys $4.50 in Chinese worth less than that of a beast-even donars in place of $2.00 at the normal before the law. On the other hand, rate.) If missionaries are paid a fixed some officers of the Bethlehem Steel rate in Chinese dollars they suffer Corporation have received over one when paying foreign obligations in million dollars a year each as a bonus gold.

in addition to salaries. The ground The general cost of living in most on which these huge payments were mission lands has advanced from 25 made was the value of these men from to 100 per cent. Since more responsi- a business point of view. The worth bilities are being placed in the hands of some men and women cannot be of the Nationals in these mission estimated in dollars and "they are fields, they are being taken into the not for sale." councils of the missions and have a Questions have been raised in for- voice in the allocation of mission eign fields and even in home circles funds. Some of them complain of a in regard to salaries paid to mission- lack of Christian justice in the dis- aries and secretaries of some mission tribution of the funds available. They boards. Some clergymen in small par- claim that since all Christians of ishes, with salaries of $500 to $1,500 whatever race are brothers, they a year on which to care for large fam- should share either poverty or wealth mes, look critically on the salaries of with fellow servants of Christ. The from $10,000 to $15,000 a year paid trouble is accentuated in fields where to pastors of wealthy city churches, students have been sent to America even where they have no large family for study, have become accustomed to to support. Self-sacrificing givers to American standards of living and on mission funds sometimes question the return to their home lands have been payment of comparatively large sal- asked to accept service in a mission aries to secretaries and treasurers of with the salary of a native worker. boards supported by these gifts. One They are not ready to return to the mission board at home will pay two standard of living they accepted be- to three times the salary paid to a fore going abroad. This issue has similar officer in another board. become accute in the Peking Union From China and other mission fields Medical College-which is not truly similar questions are raised as to sal- a mission institution and where the aries. Chinese Christian workers, policy is to replace foreign doctors with large families and small incomes and teachers with Chinese. The col- ask why missionaries should receive lege has felt it necessary to offer salaries four to five times as large. high salaries in competition with uni- The problem is aggravated by the fact versities abroad. Naturally the dis- that Chinese currency has depreciated parity between such salaries and those 365

paid to both Chinese and foreigners these plans seem to be impractical for by mission hospitals is very great. If general adoption. If God calls a Chris- Chinese mission doctors, trained in tian, like D. L. Moody or George MUl- Peking or abroad, are paid large sal- ler, to live and work without a definite aries what shall be done about the and regular salary or promised insalaries of equally well trained pro- come then He will provide for his fessors in mission colleges and pas- needs. tors of mission churches? Many Chine.se are adopting the western slo- Noone can estimate what a Godgan "Equal pay for equal work"-at called mission secretary, missionary least in proportion to living expenses. or other Christian worker is worth. Value is not measured in dollars, or Obviously the raising of the sal- we might estimate what a man should aries of nationals in various fields to be willing to take in exchange for his equal or practically equal the mis.sion- soul. Some of the practical Christian aries' salaries from foreign funds principles are however involved in dewould be impossible from the funds termining the salary basis for Chrisavailable, and foreigners' salaries tian service. could not be reduced to the standard of native workers without endanger- 1. The income for living expenses, ing health and life itself. from whatever source or sources, should be based on actual needs-for Most missionaries have no inde- health, progress, effective service and pendent resources. Experience has family responsibilities. On this basis taught that they require enough in- salaries should be adjusted to circumcome to enable them to live so that stances; those with independent inhealth may be preserved in a foreign comes would accept proportionately environment; so that they may have less-a,s some do. occasional furloughs at home and periods of recuperation; so that their 2. No missionary worker-at home children may be properly educated and or abroad-living on mission funds is so that they may be relieved of many justified in luxurious spending-or responsibilities that interfere with living on a scale that hinders testitheir mission work. A foreigner can- mony or shows a lack of Christ-like not, as a rule, live as cheaply as a na- self-sacri5.ce in the interest of His tional and maintain efficiency. Kingdom. There is a great divergence in the scale of living among mission- Foreign and Native Workers aries, even in the same field, but we are convinced that most missionaries We return to the question-How live sacrificially. As at home, so much is a man worth? How much is abroad, some Christians do not know a missionary worth? How large a the meaning of the word sacrifice, essalary should be paid for Christian pecially in physical comforts. service? What should be the ratio of salaries paid to foreign and native 3. Christian testimony and efficient workers; and to whom should native spiritual service are of first impor- Christian workers look for their liv- tance. These come before the probing expenses? lems of saving expen.se in travel, in servants, in equipment or in rest pe- It might be ideal if every Christian riods. But spiritual efficiency and could follow the Apostle Paul's exam- fruitage in service are fortunately or ple and be self-supporting while carry- unfortunately not in proportion to the ing on their mission or if they could, money spent on salaries or equipment. like Christ Himself, live on the hos- These depend on the spiritual life and pitality and free will offerings of those power. who sympathize with His mi.ssion. Some Christian workers are able to 4. To bring the churches on the do this but in this complex age both of mission fields to independence or to dependence on God their eyes must

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

be turned away from America as their Much progress has been made almoner. The sooner these national through the first Round Table Con- workers can receive their support ference and the agreement between from their own people the better it Mr. Gandhi and Lord Irwin. Now the will be. This will not hinder their All-India National Congress has met securing help according to their need at Karachi and Mahatma Gandhi has from fellow Christians in any land. shown his strength by winning the In the days of famine or other troubles delegates over to acceptance of his it is a privilege for Christians to bear constitutional program. He calls not one anothers burdens. It is important, only for Indian political independence however, not to encourage a standard but for the control of the Indian army, of living above what is possible or the national finances, the management desirable for the majority in a given of foreign affair.s and demands com- locality and not to pauperize Chris- mercial and social equality with the tian workers by making them depend- British. He still stands for nonvio- ent on foreign contributions. It is lence and passive resistance. By vote not healthy for a man to feel inde- of the Congres.s, Mr. Gandhi demands pendent of God. a constitution containing the follow- In the early days of missionary ef- ing twenty-four articles: fort, the heroic Christlike self-denial 1. Freedom of association and combiand self-sacrifice of missionaries like Paton, Gih~our, Judson and Hudson nation. Taylor, had a great effect on the 2. Freedom of speech and press. 3. Freedom of conscience and free pro- Church at home and on the natives to whom they witnessed. The same prin- fession and practice of religion. ciple holds good today-for it follows 4. No disability to attach to any perthe example set by Christ Himself. son by reason of religion, caste or creed regarding public employment in office of power or in any trade or calling.

5. Equal rights and obligations of all citizens, with no civic bar on account of India's Demand for Freedom sex.

6. Equal rights of all citizens in use Liberty and independence are quite of public roads, public wells and public distinct. A boy may, like the Prodi- resorts. gal Son, demand and secure independ- 7. The right to keep and bear arms ence only to become a slave. The Philippines might gain independence in accordance with such regulations as of America only to enter a period of may be required for public safety. economic slavery, civil strife or to become the prey of pirates and bandits. 8. Religious neutrality on the part of The most complete liberty is often en- the state. joyed in conjunction with economic and political dependence. As a mat- 9. A living wage for industrial workter of fact, none of us are in reality ers, limited hours of labor, healthy conindependent. Human relations are ditions for work, and protection against too closely intertwined and all are de- economic consequences of old age, sickpendent on God and His laws. ness and unemployment.

In India many radicals desire com- 10. Labor to be freed from conditions plete political independence, even of serfdom. though this may involve "financial and economic ruin and social slavery for 11. Protection of women workers, with multitudes. True Indian statesmen adequate provisions for leave during madesire only such freedom from im- ternity periods. posed control as will give liberty and promote national and racial progress. 12. Prohibition against employment of This liberty Great Britain is ready children of school age in factories.

to grant. 13. Right of labor to form unions. 14. Substantial reduction of land rev- enue and rents. 15. Adult suffrage.

16. Free primary education.

17. Military expenditures cut in half. 18. Civil department expenditures and salaries to be substantially reduced, with no state servant to be paid over the In- dian equivalent of $200 monthly. 19. Protection of native cloth by ex- clusion of foreia-n cloth and foreign yarn.

20. Total prohibition of intoxicating Hindus; a way to uplift the masses drinks and drugs. of India's outcastes; the release of 21. No duty on salt. women from the purdah; laws to pro- 22. Regulation of the exchange ratio tect children; the abolition of obso as to help Indian industries. scenities from religious temples and 23. Control by the state of key indus- rites; greater protection against epitries and mineral resources. demic·s due to temple tanks and lack 24. Control of usury, direct or indirect. of sanitation; and full religious lib- The congress adopted additional res- erty, so far as it is in harmony with olutions deploring the recent communal justice, and morality and does not inriots in Cawnpore and other cities, urg- terfere with the welfare of individuals ing that the northwest frontier province or subvert the authority of the' State. have the same form of government as other provinces; condemning the "for- Encouragement in Cbina ward" policy of the British in the northwest territory; advocating intensifica- In spite of many difficulties the Chition of the picketing of stores sellin~ nese National Government is makforeign goods; appealing to the govern- ing progress. One of the most ments of South Africa and East Africa encouraging signs is the recent acto give Indian settlers in those countries knowledgment of the failures and the same measure of justice they wouI!1 sins of prominent government leaders. claim for their own nationals in -a "Free They are ready to "lose face" to save India," and urging the right of Burma the country. A cable message to the to claim separation from India or to re- New York Times reports: "The fourth main an autonomous partner without plenary session of the Central Execuinterference from the British Govern- tive Committee of the Kuomintang ment. . party reported astonishing public con- fessions of nepotism, corruption, tyr- The justice and advantage of most anny and other abuses, together with of these demands is readily admitted admonitions and orders that there so that they should enli.st the support must be a basic reform in the conduct of every lover of India. Some of the of the government and of the party articles do away with ca~te restric- organization. From General Chiang tions (articles 4, 5, 6 and 10). Others, Kai-shek down, the Nanking leaders if observed, will radically change the made speeches and issued manifestoes religious .situation, will stop persecu- denouncing the failure of the Kuomintion and give protection to these who tang, as an organization, to carry out wish to be baptized as Christians (ar- the principles upon which it was ticles 3, 4, and 8). There are provi- founded. Dire threats of punishment sions against intoxicants and drugs were made against those who in the and to provide for free primary edu- future betray public trusts. cation. Nothing is included, however, to prohibit child marriage and polyg- "General Chiang Kai-shek, at a meamy, or to promote social purity. It morial service for Dr. Sun Yat-sen, is thought that Great Britain will es- made the following admissions: pecially object to the reduction of the army, the curtailment of official sal- " 'The Manchus were overthrown bearies, and the giving to the State full cause they constituted a special caste. control of key industries. But it is a But now we who staged the revolution much easier matter to put provisions for the overthrow of the Manchus into the Constitution than to put them have ourselves come to be regarded into practice. People must be edu- by the people as a privileged caste. cated to enjoy liberty or it becomes They are now cherishing toward us unwholesome license. True personal the same hatred and repugnance with freedom does not interfere with the which they looked upon the Manchus. rights of others. " 'It is all of us party members who There is world-wide interest in In- are responsible for the virulence of dia's struggle for self-government but no lasting peace or true prosperity can come until a remedy is found for_ the antagonism between Moslems and

the Communist menace in this coun- Kai-shek, as acting Minister of Edu- try. The fact that the Communists are cation, is now approaching Chinese rife bears witness to the weakness of Christian leaders to discover their the Kuomintang. That the Kuomin- view of what religious liberty would tang members should have failed to involve in Education.

prevent the people from supporting communism in certain places consti- Home Mission Convictions tutes perhaps the most serious dis- I have just returned from a month's work in the western states deeply imgrace of the party.' . pressed with the importance and value of national missions. This experience "The manner in which the Nanking has deepened in me the following conleaders are facing their tremendous victions: First, the value and imperaproblems is arousing in China a con- tive necessity of national missions; siderable measure of admiration and second, the invaluable service national approval. Even Chinese and foreign missions is rendering today· to the naobservers who have been unsparing tion; third, the increasing demand for in their criticisms of the Nanking wise and efficient Christian leadership; Government now admit that there is fourth, the absolute necessity of evidence of a new sincedty of pur- hearty cooperation on the part of the pose among the leaders. churches and other allied organiza- tions, presbyteries and presbyterials, "The Kuomintang's unpopularity synods and synodicals, headqua :ters with the masses has arisen from facts staff and field staff. There is no subnow frankly admitted by the Nanking stitute for cooperation in promoting leaders-namely, that local city and national missions. provincial Kuomintang organizations have 'insolently usurped power' and The "ambassadors of Christ" are the interfe:ed with civil and even military pioneers of our national progress, the administration. creator-s of our national ideals, the builders of our national institutions, "The Central Executive Committee the inspiration of our national spirit, now proposes a rigid control over the and the incarnation of our national activities of the Kuomintang and faith. They, more than any other men warns the local party organization to in the nation, are converting the spirit confine their efforts and activities to of suspicion into the spirit of faith, educating the people and not to med- the spirit of greed into the spirit of dling with politics or government in the future.

"Reform proposals formally adopted at Nanking as a result of the Plenary giving, the spirit of hatred into the Session may be summarized as fol- spirit of love, the spirit of selfishness lows: into the spirit of sacrifice, the spirit "All branch Kuomintang offices are of America into the spirit of Christ.

to be explicitly instructed against any Wherever the representatives 'of the encroachment upon the rights of the Church go, the home is proteEted, the people. Administrative and judicial school is established, the church is authorities are enjoined against mak- promoted, the hospital is supported, ing arrests or appropriating property the community house is encouraged, except by due process of law. Officials the court is fostered, and the state is and Kuomintang membe.'s violating defended. Let us, then, go at the task these instructions will be punished not with a renewed determination to work only under the Criminal Code but a1so together, work to win, and to make by heavier punishments, especially whatever sacrL'ice is necessary to win prescribed." America for Christ.

It is stated that General Chiang JOHN McDOWELL. 4

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~l # ~ ttt' ~ ~ '"C" t ~ ;l.t- ?I I ~ . ~I ffi :fi !t ~ trJ.

~ PROTE CT YOUR F'OOD ~'ROM ~' LIES KILL INS~JC'l'S THAT SPREAD DIShJAShJ j8iJkmJ ~m ~~2.I~WDH …,.-, •I II NEVER WASH VEGETABLES IN A RATHE YOUR CHILD AT REGULAR TIMES DIWl'Y BROOK GOOD HEALTH POSTICRS FRO",,! KOREA Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, who has .been visit- These Health Posters are now also used ing the mission fields in Asia, has sent a in China and Japan. They illustrate how number of posters which the Korean disea se is carried by the fly and mosquito school children made under the direction and how this may be prevented. They of the Child Welfare Department of the illustrate lessons in the care of children Evangelistic Social Center of Seoul. and in personal hygiene.

370 EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Usable methods for missionary which sets off the heavy rice diets of workers in Child Welfare and Child- these countries. It is also quite rich Health Centers all over the world, in in fat and mineral matter, and last, America as well as elsewhere. The but not least, it is much cheaper. A bean milk recipe referred to later wa,s bottle of cow's milk costs ten sen given in the June, 1930, issue of this whereas a bottle of Soy Bean Milk Department and the fact mentioned oosts two sen. that it was secured in China. Later, Miss Rosenberger of the Social Evan- It has been used very largely in gelistic Center in Seoul, Korea, our work at the Social Evangelistic adopted it. ,From Persia and other Center, Seoul, Korea, as a supplemenfields letters are coming asking for tary feeding, and also as an entire spedfic information concerning its food. For the latter it must be modiuse. To know that little starving fied, and this modification will be given "tummies" are being filled and little with the recipe at the end of this feedbodies are being relieved of suffering ing method. We have even fed one because of this simple method of world case of marasmus on the Soy Bean communication, gives joy to this De- Milk. partment. The picture of before and after us- THE SOY BEAN MILK AS A FOOD ing it will illustrate the success. This baby was brought from an extremely By E. T. ROSENBERGER, R.N. poor home where there were five chil- dren-the father totally blind, the Child Welfare Dept., Social Evangelistic mother half blind. It was a case of Center, Seoul, Korea giving the baby the Bean Milk or let- Having received letters from dif- ting it starve, so we immediately comferent countries regarding Soy Bean menced feeding it and watching it Milk I am giving in these columns a very closely. It gained a pound the full explanation of the p·eparation, first month and the second month likeuses and benefits of it. wise. Then for a time during the winter there was a standstill, but the In the first place it is a fact that pictures will show the results of this the diets of Oriental countries are not attempt after one year's Bean Milk suited to the proper nutrition of young children because of the lack of milk feeding. in them. Milk has been found to be The Soy Bean as an important food the foundation of all foods f.or growing children in all countries. How- dates back to remote history. It is ever, cow's milk is not available in all said that it appears in the Chinese of these countries, and it behooves us Materia Medica of Shen Nung in the to find a substitute. This substitute year 2838 B. C. China to this day has been found in the Soy Bean Milk uses very little dairy or meat products, which has been perfected by Dr. Er- but they have lived for centuries on nest Tso of the Peking Union Medical a diet remarkably well balanced by College. It takes its place so highly the use of the Soy Bean. It is said because it is so very rich in protein that Buddhist monks consecrated at birth to the priesthood are carried 371

through the entire period of childhood add 20 grams of starch either from on the diet of the Soy Bean curd. rice or corn. This is cooked in the same way as you would prepare corn- We feel that it is one food which starch pudding. Also add 60 grams we should encourage to be used for of sugar and 1% grams of calcium small children in Korea where the lactate and one gram of table salt to mortality rate is high and the chil- this mixture. The calcium lactate is dren have such an inadequate diet. It BEFORE FEEDING SAME BABY A FEW MO~THS LATER TIlE EFFECT OF FEEDING A KOUV,AN BABY f;OY BEA:, )fILK is one food that we can safely advo- best added while the milk is cold or cate, make and use because the price else after the mixture is boiled or it is not prohibitive. might curdle. It should be first mixed with a little cold milk and then added. Soy Bean Milk About the same quantity of this 1. One part beans well washed mixture as cow's milk is use::! to feed the babies-according to their caloric 2. Eight parts of pure tap water requirements. No child should have more than 1000 or 1100 c. c. a day of 3. Soak over night this milk. In a little baby it may pro- duce frequent stools, which should be 4. Grind through native mill well watched under a doctor's care. Cod liver oil should be part of the 5. Boil whole quantity five minutes. feeding from the beginning of the use of Soy Bean Milk-at first 6 to 8 6. Put through sieve-the result is c. c. per day and gradually increased milk . to 15-20 a day.

Beans should be half milled and skins removed, if possible.

Additional rwte: To each liter of Soy Bean Milk (1000 c. c. or 32 oz.)

METHODS FOR WORKERS

(We have rece.ived at least seventy- first few times she had grown calfive requests to publish the following loused. That, and the stupor that effe.ctive China pwylet.) came from exhaustion and starvation, dulled the quiver and the hurt of be- "NOBODY WANTS" CHANGES HER ing "Nobody Wants."

NAME PART 2 By MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER She shivered, drew her ragged gun- ny sacking coat around her and re- PART 1 marked to brother, "The winds of the Southland must have come from our A family of Chinese famine refu- own North Country." gees from the far, frozen, starving North Country struggled around the "And who but you would be bringcorner into Stone Arches Street that ing them, the one Nobody Wants, inled past the Loving Heart School. deed!" he answered scornfully. Their torn padded garments were patched with gunny sacking, their feet But some one was passing by just bled through the straw sandals tied then and the little girl knew it beon with rags. The father and mother, hooved her to bring some coppers into gaunt and worn, each carried a staff the family exchequer or she would and a begging bowl which they held have to be moving along again. out to passers-by on the cobbled street. With a grace the rest of the children "Nobody Wants" was a bit thinner somehow could not achieve, she began and more ragged than the rest of them her little begging dance, running bebecause she didn't belong to them at side the passer-by with sliding side all. She had been following them for steps, one, two, three, and a kneeling a few days as she had followed one curtsy, with her hands held together after another' group of just such wan- in petition, repeating this dance movederers as these, in the long wearisome ment to the accompaniment of her trek from the North Country where little pleading chant: famine had stalked them, and the bitter winter had hounded them to the Some coppers, please, Southland where winter was not so Rich scholar of ease! unkind, and where the rice fields did Your blessings will grow, not fail to feed the fortunate South- Your merit increase, ern Chinese folk. Thus happiness sow, Some coppers, please. Her own father and mother and laughing baby brother the cruel fam- Brother pounced upon the coppers ine had taken those months ago that that the passing gentleman threw her, seemed so many years. When father but "Nobody Wants" scarcely noticed at last had not answered her call, she it. For suddenly, she heard from fled in terror from the tiny house that within the big black door opposite her had once been so happy, but was now the sounds of children's laughter. so still and cold and haunted. Stum- She stopped while the rest of them bling along a frozen road she had wandered on down the street. Quietly joined her first band of refugees she crept to the gate, and cautiously southward. pushed it open a crack so that she could see inside. Of course they had not wanted her. You could not blame them. They al- Children, within a grassy yard, such ready had too many mouths to feed, happy children! and all of them were hungry. So before long she had joined another "Ai! They are playing 'Cat catch group of wanderers, carrying with the mouse.''' she explained, old memher from one band to another, the ories stirring. only name she had heard these many months, "Nobody Wants." After the They were laughing like she and baby brother used to laugh. She dropped down on the stone step to watch them better.

A child put her head outside the her and sat down beside her on the gate, and cried in surprise, "Why, step. look who's here 1" "But where are your big people?" "Nobody Wants" instinctively asked another child. dragged her tired little body from those comfortble steps and began her "Nobody Wants" shook her head little dance and song. and her eyes filled with tears. "The great hunger took them. And so all Some coppers, please, the other 'big people' I follow call me Rich lady of ease- 'Nobody Wants.'''

"I'm not a rich lady," laughed the "Ai, ai," all the children crooned in girl gaily, "but, oh, how pretty you the sympathetic Chinese way, and do it! Love Pearl, Bright Flower, gathered close around her. "We're so Virtue Gold, and all the rest," she Borry." raised her voice delightedly, "come, come quickly!" "It must be that she is hungry, since she has no 'big people:" Love "Nobody Wants" kept on with her Pearl cried, "How could we not think fetching wee dance and tuneless little of it?" song, as the other children gathered and opened wide the gate to watch "She can have a bowl of my rice," her! said one.

"Ai, ai!" they clapped their hands. "And one of my bowls," echoed an- "How pretty!" other.

"It's prettier even than any our "Mine too," cried another and an- Kindergarten Sister-Teacher teaches other. the tiny ones," said one. "If she has no 'big people' she has "Teach us how," Love Pearl cried, no place to go," Bright Flower said. all enthusiasm. "Oh, stay with us," several of them "Yes, yes, do, please, little sister," chorused. "Our school is such a happy they all echoed and gathered around place." "Nobody Wants" patting her and welcoming her. "See," they pointed to the words over the gate. "Its name is the School Their affectionate welcome had of the Loving Heart. It is a Jesus made her f.orget to be shy. She began school you know," as if that explained to do her steps very slowly so that it all. they might see how she did it, chanting her little song the while. They "She can share my bed and my all tried to imitate her, with more or downy comfort," said one very pracless Buccess, laughing over their awk- tically. ward attempts, until finally they did it quite well and in unison with their "No, no, I want her to sleep with little chant. me," said Love Pearl.

Very suddenly "Nobody Wants" sat "No, not every night. She must down and the children noticed that take turns," cried another girl. she was faint. They gathered about her solicitously. "You come from the "See, little sister," Virtue Gold North Country, don't you?" they aBked turned her face about withgenUe her as she rested. "We know from hands. You aren't "Nobody Wants" your speech." any more. You are "Everybody Wants." '''Nobody Wants," nodded her head. "Yes, everybody wants 'Everybody "What's your name?" asked one of Wants,''' the rest of the children them. danced about her, saying the words delightedly. "Nobody Wants," said the little refugee. "But your 'big people' may not want me," the old te "ror coming back Virtue Gold put her arm around to the little refugee.

"Oh, but you do not know how lov- ing they are, the other country teach-

er, and our Big Sister Teacher!" Love Persons required, 2 tall 'teen age boys, 3 'teen age girls, 1 junior boy Pearl assured her. (Dr 2) at least 6 junior girls. "They will love you and teach and Famine Re/ugee.s-Father, mother, care for you just as they do for us,"

said Bright Flower. "You see they at least two children, a boy and small have the Jesus-love in their hearts." girl with a large doll strapped to "Yes, and didn't they tell us about mother's back. "Nobody Wants," a the famine? We've been saving our girl of about 10. This group dress in coppers to send to the North Country, ragged gunny sacking, much patched for oh, such a long time!" coats, worn over overalls tied about "And now the N·orth Country and at ankles with rags.

the famine come to us," the rest of Passer-by in the long coat of a Chi- them finished for Virtue Gold. "Please nese scholar, a young Chinese student, stay with us, Everybody Wants." in khaki or regular Western suit.

"Yes, everybody wants you." They SchooL chiLd7'en in light colored made a little song of it. coats, worn over trousers. Here over- alls will serve but left free at the Then they all noticed suddenly the ankle. Young American and the young Chinese women teachers standing arm in American missionU7CY teacher in orarm in the doorway where they had dinary clothes. been listening to the conversation and nodding to 'each other, smilingly as Chinese teacher in a dark skirt, and light colored Chinese jacket.

they listened. . Setting-A double door between Love Pearl jumped to her feet, and two rooms could be used to represent giving a signal to the other children, the school gate that opens upon the they joined her in the little dance they street, with high compound walls on had just learned, singing as they each side. The doors should open in, danced. with at least one step constructed per- Everybody want her, haps from a long low box. If actual Dear teachers, please. doors are not possible in the center back of the stage, then screens may Your blessings will groW, be placed to represent compound wall, Your merit increase. with a double door made of hinged screens for the gate before which the Thus happiness sow, action takes place. Everybody wants her! A simpler form of the pantomime "Yes, indeed r Everybody wants could dispense with all of the refugees except brother and "Nobody Wants" her," the other country teacher and with Part 1 read as a prologue, the the Chinese sister teacher said to- action beginning with Part 2. gether. 3. As a play, with children taking They stooped down and helped the part in the dialog as well as the action. little refugee to her feet, and the Here, too, Part 1 might be read as a children gathered about her, affection- prologue with children taking the diately leading her inside the gate. As alog and action in Part 2. Or proit closed after them, they were sing- logue and reader may be dispensed ing, with entirely, and the children work out their own dramatization after they She changed her name, have mastered the story, which is the Everybody wants her approved pedogogic method. The very Everybody wants her! simple dance and tunele·ss little song This story may be presented in three ways, 1. As a story told simply, but dramatically. Time required 10 minutes.

2. As a pantomime, with the story which can be a pretty feature should told or read by a reader, while the be mastered but should not take long action is enacted as described. to learn.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America BOOKS FOR THE EMERGING EAST in Gujerati, Marathi, Hindi, Tamil and Urdu. Each copy was eagerly By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY passed around to reach a large group of happy children. Within the last The Christian Literature Society year a new expansion has taken place in its circulation. An Indian pub- The Christian Literature Committee lisher has been found who is willing of the Federation of Woman's Boards to take over the publishing and disof Foreign Missions came into being tribution of various editions if the in response to a great need about fif- Committee will simply pay for the teen years ago. The Foreign Mission cost of translation. We now have ar- Boards were faced by the need of rap- ranged for a Telugu and a Burmese idly growing Christian Literature edition and are in process of arrangcommunities 'throughout m iss ion ing for one in Bengali. lands for books, good books, adapted to different ages. We had taught boys Romance of Finance and girls to read but after they had learned the art they had nothing to Through a Memorial Gift of $500 read. As a result, not infrequently given by the delegates at Northfield they lapsed back into illiteracy. it was made possible to begin a maga- zine for children in Burmese; a When the demand for Christian widow gave enough to establish as a books adapted to the use of women Memorial to her husband and daughand children became vocal, the Wom- ter an edition in Gujerati; a misan's Foreign Mission Boards moved sionary society in memory of two dethrough their Federation to supply voted member·s, mother and daughter, the need. The first Chairman of the furnished the money for the first year newly organized Committee was Miss of the Telugu edition; a devoted Epis- Alice M. Kyle of Boston, a woman of copal woman, in memory of her mothvision and faith who continued to di- er, provided for a translation of the rect the affairs of the Committee un- Tamil edition in the country of Bishop til her death in 1930 and who. ·saw the Azariah; a local Federation provided funds for this work increase from for the furnishing of a Christmas proabout $400 to $10,000 annually. gram for all the Sunday Schools in China. Children's Periodicals A Christian Magazine for Africa The Committee decided to publish monthly magazines for children and the home. Happy Childhood, a chil- Soon after the Jerusalem Conferdyen's magazine was the first to be ence an International Committee was published in China. There followed organized to study the situation of a magazine in Japan-Shoshoki. Then Africa in regard to the supply of The Treasure Chest was established to Christian books. As a result the Exbe published in English for India. AI- ecutive Secretary, Miss Margaret most as .goon as it was published the Wrong, came over from England in demand arOse for its publication in the intere·st of the Committee. She the various languages of India. was able to persuade that great mis- Quickly it was expanded to be issued sionary and wonderful writer, Jean 376 Mackenzie, to undertake to edit what was expected at first to be a bi-lingual magazine, half of each page in Eng- lish and half in French, but it was later found that the French wanted the magazine in their own language in the French and Belgian colonies and in West Africa, so Miss Mackenzie will edit the magazine in English for circulation in British East Africa and other British African colonies. The financing of the French magazine and its publication will be arranged for in Paris. "HAPPY CHILDHOOD" COMES TO The Committee on Christian Litera- THE MISSION ture was asked by this International of devout women were abundantly Committee if it would stand behind worthy of our support. The Comtheir venture. The Committee decided mittee took action, and the needed to venture out in faith on this new support is to be sent on. enterprise, and pledged itself to give $1000 toward it during the first year. The case of the Antorcha Missionera in Mexico was likewise investigated.

A Providential Preparation It was found that by incredible cour- age and enterprise the Evangelical The hand of God was so clearly group had brought their magazine for seen in thus providing funds for the the Christian home almost to the point Committee to make this new venture of self support, and that a little help of faith. It has been not less clear in would put it on its feet. This money other forward steps. A year ago last was sent-and so the story goes. July there came a request from the Everywhere there are opening doors, Christian Literature Committee of everywhere clamant needs. Korea for help in establishing a magazine for children which should do for Book Translation the children of Korea what Happy In various fields the way has opened Childhood was doing for the children to p~ovide, often by special gifts, for of China. The resources of the Com- the translation and publication of mis- mittee did not justify our attempting sionary books. The Young Adven- this unless fresh sources of income turers was translated into Chinese as were found. This was explained at a Memorial to Mrs. Cronk, the author.

Northfield, and at once a lady gave The translation of A Straight Way $500, another $300, another $100 and Towa1'd Tomor1"Ow was financed by the the remainder of the $1000 needed to Central Committee for the United underwrite the magazine for three Study of Foreign Missions. A transla- years was raised. The magazine, en- tion into Chinese of From Jerusalem to titled The Child World, began publi- J enlsalem was made possible by the cation in July, 1930. personal gift of the young lady who In Buenos Aire·s. Argentina, a little for more than twenty years has man- group called the Women's Evangelical aged the office of the Central Commit- League was formed, which among tee. Another gift made possible a other things published a Christian Japanese translation. The Adventure magazine for the home. The earnest of Prayer has gone into Chinese and enthusiastic little paper, glowing with Burmese. One Girl's Influence by .Rob- spiritual power, needed a small sub- ert E. Speer, after going through num- sidy to widen its sphere of usefulness berless editions in English, has been about $300. After consultation with translated into Japanese, and has al- Dr. Inman we found that this group ready gone through nine editions.

Plans for Expansion THE OHUROH ON THE MARCH With all these opportunities for ex- Florida Chain of Missionary pansion facing the Committee it was Assemblies decided that more money must be had. A campaign was arranged that shaull By MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY plan for parlor meetings and lunch- "Ye shall be my witnesses." In ac- eons in as many centers as possible in cordance with this, a group of fourteen order to bring before the public needs witnesses, missionaries from the ends for Christian lite "ature. The National of the earth, and Christian leaders, Christian Literature Committees in started on a three-week campaign in the different mission lands were ap- Florida, beginning January 16th in pealed to for the names of books, na- West Palm Beach, proceeding to Mi- tive or translated, which were geatly ami, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Clearwa- needed by their countries. These lists ter, Orlando and DeLand, with various have already been received. They are one-day stops in important centers.

appealing, overwhelming. They range The entire expense was met by $1.00 all the way from books on the nursing registrations in each center and vol- and care of children through books untary offerings. There were approx- about the cooperative farm movement imately four thousand registered, and in Denmark, translations of The at least one hundred thousand were Greatest Thin.g in the World, The Life reached by approximately nine hun- of Booker T. Washington, The Story dred missionary addresses. In addi- of Invention, The Teaching of Primary tion, there were radio addresses in Arithmetic, An Introduction to the larger centers, and talks before col- Bible, Life of Christ for Children, leges and public schools, with thoupackets of colored Bible pictu "es, pro- sands of students.

grams for Easter and Chri-stmas, Pil- Among the speakers were: the Rev.

grim's Progress, village booklets and Robert H. Glover, M.D., F.R.C.S., head all sorts of brief tracts. The most am- of the China Inland Mission; Dr.

bitious request comes from Mexico for Royal J. Dye, of the Christian Board, The Prodigal Son in large cisar type from one thousand miles up the Con- for children, using the pictures of an go, at Bolenge; Rev. Harper Brady, Egyptian edition. They can print ten Presbyterian Board South, and of the thousand of these in a first edition Kingdom of God Movement with Kag- for $1000, also a book of stories from awa, of Japan; Mrs. Induk Kim, of the Bible with colored pictu'-es which Korea, and Miss Abellera, of the Phil- will cost $2000. ippine Islands, exemplified in their The prices of these various projects own personalities the power of Christ run all the way down from $2000 to in the Oriental woman; Rev. McCoy $500, $300 and $100, also to leaflets Franklin, of Crossnore School in the that can be printed for $10, $25, or mountains of North Carolina, also $50. brought bird songs which he whistled The Committee plans to have a list to the delight of the young and old; of these special gifts printed for use Helen Barrett Montgomery conducted at the luncheons, where sample copies the study on the women's textbook f()r of the various magazines, books and the coming year, "Christ Comes to the leaflets will be displayed. Village"; Dr. Walter Lingle, Presi- It is hoped that in addition to adopt- dent of Davidson College, North Car- ing these various personal project:;: olina, and Dr. Glover gave the morning many will sign the cards making them- Bible lessons.

selves annual, special, sustaining, or In addition to the hour for the chil- life members of the Committee fer dren in the assembly, Mrs. Henry W.

providing Christian Literature to Peabody conducted a forum in each Women and Children in Mission center, on "The United States Senate: Lands. Diagnosis and Remedy," showing the

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

reasons for lack of enforcement. An- ship listen, and begin in every state other interesting forum discussion was and city a new pragram,-not af lis- led by Miss Ann McIlvaine, of New tening, but of witnessing?

York, assisted by Dr. Rosalie Morton and the Rev. Mr. Joroszewicz, of Po- INSTITUTES AT CHAUTAUQUA land and Russia. The World Court Home Missions, August 16-21 received attention, and twenty thousand names were signed to petitions The Home Missions Institute at to be sent to various senators, urging Chautauqua is this year. coming af its adoption. The World Court and age. It shauld be the best so far. Law Enforcement are not only prab- The twenty-first session will be held lems at home, but, with the "shocking from Sunday, August 16th thraugh moving pictures exported from this Friday, August 21st. Arrangements country, make a problem for foreign for the pragram are rapidly nea '"ing mIssIOnaries. Resalutians endo'sing completion.

President Hoover for his layal and The opening address an Sunday firm stand on the Eighteenth Amend- afternoon will be made in the Amphi- ment and its enfarcement were sent theater by Rev. John M. Moore, D.D., from every center. a former General Secretary af the The public press gave first-page Federal Council of Churches and au- news and pictures. Local committees, thor of this year's major home mis- of outstanding representatives of sion textbaok. He will remain through wamen's organizations, made each the week to conduct the 3: 45 forum center a delightful experience. The hour in the Hall of Philosophy. Amonj!

morning prayer hour, with faculty and the well-known speakers who will ap- city committees, added to the power pear at this hour are Rev. Charles of these meetings. Farty-five states Stelzle and Dean Lucy Slowe of Ho- were represented, furnishing a crass- ward University.

sectian of America. Chambers of Com- Mrs. Dan B. Brummitt will again merce and Men's Clubs, with organiza- lead the home missian study hour in tions of women, welcomed the speakers Smith-Wilkes Hall at 8: 45, using Dr.

at their luncheons, and business men Moore's book, "The Challenge of have testi5.ed that this has been ·a Change." The class in juniar meth- great ble·ssing to Florida. The larg- ods, again in charge of Mrs. Ethel est auditoriums have been taxed with Holmes Munsey, will meet the second great audiences of men and women; period in the Hall of Missions.

the outdoor forum in St. Petersburg, The literature display, which last with three or fuur thousand on the year evoked expres·sions af warm ap- park benches, listened eagerly. At preciation, will be assembled by Miss the dramatizatiun in St. Petersburg Sarah E. Bitner.

.of the hearing before the Congres- The hour immediately following sional Judiciary, of the Woman's lunch proved last year to be quite sur- National Committee for Law Enforce- prisingly popular and well attended.

ment, the auditorium was filled to. ca-' It will be devoted this year to in- pacity, and as many turned away. formal discussion of some of the vital Business men declared that this dram- topics of the present day and to ad- atization should be given in every city dresses by missionaries. Special fea- and town for its educational value. tures of the week include daily chape1 When the church begins to witness, talks, denominational rallies, the re- as Christ commanded, instead of sit- ception at the Hotel AthemEum and ting in pews and listening critically other opportunities to meet with the to sermons, we shall see the great re- missionaries visiting on the grounds.

vival, which will be missionary. Other Circulars announcing the Institute states are asking for a chain af as- may be secured from the office of the semblies. Will not our church leader- Council of Women for Home Missions,

105 East 22d Street, New York City. There will be classes in methods and story telling, with exceptional oppor- These may be used in letters or f.or tunities for preparation for the work of the coming year. distribution in churches to stimulate FLORENCE G. TYLER. interest and invite attendance. The CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF most effective publicity, however, con- MISSIONS sists in the personal commendation Afflliated with Federlltion of Woman'. Boards of .Foreign Missions and Council of Women and invitation of those who have at- for Home Missions.

tended the institute in other years All without symbol are afflliated with both Federation and Council. and who realize the exceptional op- 'Baltimore, Maryland-October 13-15. portunity it affords for the training Mrs. Arthur C. Day, 542 Radnor Ave., Govans, Baltimore, Maryland. of leaders in the local church. It can- Bethesda, Ohio-July 13-17. not be too emphatically stated that Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, West Virginia. churches within a reasonable traveling 1 Beaumont, Texas-August 12-20. distance should carry in their budgets Mrs. W. A. Nichols, 2240 McFaddin, Beaumont, Texas. an item providing for one or more Boulder, Colorado-June 16-24. member·s this week of leadership train- Mrs. J. Roy Smith, 1045 South Uni- versity Blvd., Denver, Colorado. ing. Class work is relieved by ample • Chautauqua, New York (Home)-Aurecreational facilities for swimming, gust 16-21.

boating, fishing, tennis, golf and auto- Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, 234 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, New York. ing. The best artists in the country 1 Chautauqua, New York (Foreign)- appear at the amphitheater concerts August 23-28.

in the evening. Honorary Chairman, Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, 144 Dartmouth St., Above all, the atmosphere of Chau- Rochester, New York. Acting Chairman, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, tauqua is av.owedly Christian. The 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N; Y.

fellowship is inspiring, and from a Dallas, Texas- Mrs. George A. Brewer, 4301 Edbrief stay may result lasting friend- mondson, Dallas, Texas.

ships. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD. 'Dallas, Texas (Negro)-September 28- October 2. Foreign Missions, August 23-28 Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., In planning for the Foreign Mis- Dallas, Texas. sions Institute at Chautaqua this coming summer several outstanding speak- De Land, Florida-February 3-6, 1932. ers have already been secured. Dr. Mrs. William J. Harkness, 415 East Oscar Buck of Drew Seminary, Madi- New York Ave., De Land, Florida. son, New Jersey, who is at present taking part in one of the mission sur- Houston, Texas-October 12-16. veys in India will deliver a series of Mrs. W. E. Ferguson, 1519 Hawlectures on India, giving special em- thorne, Houston, Texas. phasis to rural reconstruction and the work of the Rural Reconstruction 1 Kerrville, Texas- Units. Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgom- Mrs. W. A. Nichols, 2240 McFaddin ery, Honorary Chairman of the Insti- Ave., Beaumont, Texas. tute, will lecture on the- woman's textbook, Christ Comes to the Village, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin–June 29-July by Mary Schauffler Platt, and Mrs. F. 6. I. Johnson, who is at the present time touring the mission stations of the Mrs. J. A. Leas, 3731 Clifton Ave., Orient, will be the presiding officer, Chicago, Ill. and will bring to the institute a varied program with dramatic presentations, and a number of speeches by nationals of different Oriental countries. Missionary women will find it a great advantage to spend the week of August 23d at Chautauqua.

Minnesota (Minneapolis, St. Paul)- Seabeck, Washington-July 20-31. June 1-5. Rev. Fred Grey, Sixth and University Streets, Seattle, Washington, or Miss Mrs. W. C. A. Wallar, 304Q Dupont Faye A. Steinmetz, 310 Y. M. C. A. Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. Building, Portland, Oregon.

Mountain Lake Park, Maryland–Au- Silver Bay, New York–June 26-July 6. gust 1-6. Rev. Walter Getty, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Mrs. B. H. Sincell, 103 2d St., Oak- land, Maryland.

Mount He1'mon, Cali/ornia–July 4-11. All include home and foreign missions except Mrs. W. E. Crouser, 1128 Lincoln Northfield, Chautauqua and the Florida Schools. Ave., San Jose, California. 1 Affiliated with the Federation only. New Orleans, Louisiana-Some time in • Affiliated with the Council only. Autumn. • Conducted by the Council.

Mrs. L. D. Chaffee, 1920 Audubon RAOIAL MINORITY SOHOLARSHIP St., New Orleans, Louisiana. Mount Holyoke College is offering 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Home–July a Racial Minority Competitive Schol- 6-13. arship of one thousand dollars ($1,- 000) for the year 1931-1932, to a Mrs. Frelon Eugene Bolster, Ham- Negro girl, preferably a student ap- mondsport, New York. plying for admission to the Junior Class. Award will be made on the 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Foreign)- basis of scholarship and personality. July 13-21. . Letter of application should be Mrs. James M. Pratt, 135 East 74th handwritten, and should contain state- St., New York, N. Y. ments in regard to age, educational experience, and special interest. Ap- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma- plications for this scholarship should be made by May 1, 1931 to Miss Har- St. Petersburg, Florida-February 1-6, riet Newhall, Executive Secretary to 1932. the Board of Admission, Mount Holy- oke College, South Hadley, Mass. Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d Ave., St. Petersburg, Florida.

Southern California (Los Angeles)- September 21-25.

Mrs. W. S. Dysinger, 1419 6th Ave., Los Angeles, California.

1 Warren, Ohio-September 22-23. FOR TRIPPERS Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. Trips around the world are being planned by travel bureaus which have Wilson College, Chanwersburg, Penn- as their special interest Wo"ld Friend- sylvania–June 29-July 7. ship. There are trips to Europe which Miss Martha C. Hartman, 233 S. 44th include the unusual privilege of meet- St., West Philadelphia, Pa. ing church women there who hold important positions of leadership. Winona Lake, Indiana–June 24-July 1. There are trips to the Orient, to Mrs. Frank Jensen, 1114 West 81st Africa, and to South America which St., Chicago, Illinois. include visits to many interesting mis- sion stations and points of interest The Florida Chain of Institutes, be- not seen by the average tourist. If sides St. Petersburg and Deland, includes you would be interested in taking a Miami, Tampa, Orlando and Clearwater. trip and finding out first-hand what Mrs. Henry W. Peabody is chairman; the church is doing in industrial, Miss B. Louise Woodford, state chair- international and interracial improveman. All will probably be held between ment, or in making a trip abroad count January 15th and February 8th. for WorId Friendship and Under- standing, write to the Federation of Missionary Education Movcmcnt Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions for further information on this sub- Asilomar, Cali/ornia–July 6-15. ject. Mrs. Clara L. Walberg, 1501 St. Al- bans Road, San Marino, California.

Blue Ridge, North Carolina–July 29- August 7.

Dr. W. Knighton Bloom, 933 Wood- ward Building, Washington, D. C.

ORLD.WlDE

ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC visitor to Honolulu often must, through the throngs of clean, pretty, Strange Cults ot the South Seas bright-faced oriental children on their way to or from school, any prejudice CURIOUS beliefs and cults still ex- he may have is disarmed. ist in the South Sea Islands. A man who had killed his eighth victim Nevertheless, they have brought by an intricate process of magic was their religions with them. Shintoism discovered by the people in a village is there, and Buddhism. The task of not long ago, says the Southern CT088 the Hawaiian Board of Missions grows Lo.q· of the Melanesian Mission with this influx of non-Christians from (Church of England). The mission- the Orient. aries testify that in some cases lin inexplicable evil power is exerted and Union High School ot Manila the victims die from no observable cause. Before the missionaries came, A YOUNG missionary made the the people would have killed the ma- statement that during his four gician when they discovered him. In years' acquaintance with the Union this case, they bound him and sent High School he had come to believe him aboard a labor recruiting ship that no greater opportunity of helpthat came along, with instructions ing students to form Christian charnever to let him return to that island. acter and right attitudes toward life presented itself than is to be found in Dr. C. E. Fox, principal of a Melane- the life of the Union High School. sian Mis,sion school at Ugi, has found survivals of an ancient cult of shark Union High School was started in worship on some of these islands. 1919 in connection with the Union Among other customs, the people bury Theological Seminary-a natural detheir dead in the sea, weighting the velopment resulting from the demand feet with stones. The sharks are be- for higher education in every profeslieved not to touch them. sion. There has been a steady growth from fifty students in the first year The fear of vengeful ghosts, evil to over 450 at present. To meet the spirits, and other powers of evil, is a demands of splendid young men and very active influence among these peo- women who are working during the ple who await the power of Christ to daytime, a night school was opened set them free. in 1923 and has at present 150 stu- dents. The Melanesian Mission has a printing press, operated by an Englishman The school seeks to produce men with native helpers. In the course of and women of character, and to this a year they turn out hundreds of little end it has introduced course,s in the Prayer Books, hymn books, and other Bible into the regular curriculum. In religious material, in three or four addition there is a chapel service three tribal languages. times a week.

The Lovely Hawaiian Islands As its name implies, the Union High School is a union enterprise having H AWAII teems with the life of all as its cooperating missions the Pres- . the races except the African. No- byterians, the United Brethren, and where else is there so little of race the Disciples. The student body is prejudice. When one wades, as the very cosmopolitan. Statistics of a 382 year ago reveal that there were in at- for the summary volume of the 1926 tendance 172 Catholics, 92 Presby- Census of Religious Bodies, shows terians, 38 Methodists, 23 Christians that at least 62 of every hundred adult or Disciples, 14 Aglipayans, with a church members belong to a Protes- sprinkling of adherents from other tant church, while 30 are Roman Cath- Protestant churches, while 60 reported olics, and six are Jews. Women pre- no affiliations at all. The school is dominate in church membership; 48 very cosmopolitan in another way for per cent of the males of the country its students are drawn from nearly over 13 years of age, and 63 per cent all the provinces of the Philippines.- of the females being members.

Donald Dean Parker, in The Philip- There is no state in which either pine Presbyterian. Jews or Roman Catholics constitute a Changing Formosa majority, but there are nine southern states in which the Protestants make ABOUT ~ixty years ago Formosa's up more than half the population. In fi 'st four converts were baptized Utah more than 82 per cent of the and one of the four, Ko Tiong, be- people are members of the Mormon came a pioneer preacher. He married Church. a Christian aboriginal; two sons became Christian doctors, one a devoted Sunday-school enrollments have not minister. A nephew, born in China, been increasing as much as formerly. In 1906 the pupils in Sunday-schools and bearing' an appropriate name, were equivalent to 40 per cent of the Kimseng-meaning "Golden Voice," youth population under 19 years of is now a brilliant church leader. He, age. By 1916 this per cent had too, married a Christian aboriginal. reached 48, but is now 44 per cent.

Of their sons one has recently com- The Roman Catholic Church has de- pleted his medical· studies in Japan, clined in the number of Sunday-school and has settled in Tainan City, For- scholars, but there has been a large mosa. increase in enrollment in parochial The church in Formosa is still schools.

small, but its growth is marvelous. Within recent years there has been Twenty years ago all the men of influ- a tendency for Protestant bodies to ence and wealth were heathen. Today combine. Between 1916 and 1926 no the leading men, the men of letters fewer than 18 denominatIons were in- and of means, are Christians.-Pres- volved in mergers.

byterian Messenger. The Church and the Liquor TraJlic NORTH AMERICA rJ'HE Presbyterian Church has gone Facts About American Churches 1. officially on record with a declara- OUT of every hundred persons over tion that the saloon must never come 13 years of age, in the United back; that the United States Govern- States (according to the Census Bu- ment must not go into the liquor busi- reau), there are today 55 church ness; that the liquor traffic has al- members, (of all sects-Christian and ways been lawless and corrupt; that non-Christian) as there were ten and the liquor situation before prohibition twenty years ago. Only 52 per cent was intolerable; that the prohibition of the rural population belongs to law still has the support of the ma- church as compared with 58 per cent jority of the voters of the United of those in cities. Forty per cent of States; that the church supports the the Protestant ministe"s are not Eighteenth Amendment in the interest graduates of either college or sem- of childhood and youth; that there are inary-most of them in the south and no youth anti-prohibition movements; west. that prohibition has aided the cause Dr. C. Luther Fry, who prepared of social well being; that prohibition the official analysis of church figures has not been the chief cause of law-

lessness; that the law is not religious times that for benevolences. The per but economic; that, all law restricts capita for benevolences had decreased and limits personal liberty; that it during those seven years by thirty- is difficult in the light of the cross to six per cent, and the per capita for talk about personal liberty; that the current expenses had increased by church cannot see at present any sub- thirty per cent. Many objects classed stitute for prohibition which will as benevolences are not missionary so- make for a better solution of a traf- cieties, but "service agencies," phil- fic that has always refused to obey anthropies and cultural or educational any law that has sought to put it un- agencies. How much of our giving der social control; that government to the church is really for others, and control as in Canada is not a success how much for ourselves?

and is not acceptable to the people of the United States, who do not look Tuskegee Jubilee T with favor upon government control HE fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Tuskegee Normal and f.or even legitimate business; that a return to state control would be but Industrial Institutes by Booker T.

a return to the old lawless conditions Washington was observed in Tuskegee which made the Eighteenth Amend- April 10th to 15th. Dr. M. Ashly ment inevitable; that the church is Jones, whose father was chaplain to willing to listen to proposals for a General R{)bert E. Lee, spoke to a large better substitute for prohibition, but audience, comprising both Negroes that so long as no adequate substitute and whites, his text being "The Car- is available the church must set itself penter's Son." Dr. R. R. Moton, is as a flint against any weakening of principal of the institute.

the present law. The Rev. Ben Brave, a South Da- The declaration was adopted unan- kota Indian, who was president at imously by the Administration Com- Hampton of the Wigwam of which mittee of the Presbyterian Board of Booker T. Washington was house fa- Christian Education in executive ses- ther, put a wreath on Dr. Washing- sion in Philadelphia. ton's Tomb.

Self-Support and Giving to Others Other addresses were given by Bish- op R. E. Jones of the Methodist T HE Institute of Social and Reli- Church of New Orleans; Mrs. Vir- gious Research has issued a report ginia Adams Driver, the first graduon "Trends in Protestant: Giving," ate of Tuskegee and Thomas Elsa from carefully collected statistics. In Jones, president of Fisk University. 1913 and 1914 the gifts for local ex- penses in the churches of eleven de- Berea College T nominations were about three and HIS unique institution, with over 2,500 students, stands at the gatethree quarters times the gifts for benevolences. During the war period way of the Appalachian Mountains the amount for benevolences increased, where live 3,000,000 hardy descend- so that gifts for local expenses were ents of pioneer Scotch-Americans.

less than twice those for benevolences. The campus, farm and forest land Since 1920 the ratio has tended stead- comprise 5,600 acres and the college ily back to that of 1913-14. The includes 82 departments with over 200 "benevolence,s" include many gifts for workers. Free tuition is given to the educational and other philanthropic impoverished but earnest students, all objects which do not depend on the of whom contribute to their support missionary boards of the churches. In by working at least ten hours a week.

1920 per capita for current expenses Furnished rooms, with light and heat was two and a half times that for cost 65 cents a week per student and benevolences. In 1927 the amount for food at the rate of 11 cents a meal-a current expenses had risen to five total of $150 a year per student. Berea

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

gives a Christian, but nonsectarian 1914, in accordance with the plan to training, with daily chapel and Bible form one Union Seminary. The numstudy. The president, Dr. Wm. J. ber opposed to the plan increased un- Hutchins, is just returning from In- til in July, 1930, the General Synod dia, whither he went with a commit- of Mexico, ordered the reopening of tee to investigate the missionary the Presbyterian Seminary on Febeducational work. ruary 4, 1931, in order that the synod might have full control over the The Oriental Probleln training of its 'candidates for the min- it;ltry. Since the reopening, presby- ORIENT ALS are our greatest racial teries have placed it on their budgets. problem on the Pacific seaboard. -Christian Observer. There are about 35,000 Japanese in the City of Los Angeles alone, and Earthquake in Nicaragua 50,000 in Southern California. Chinese are decreasing, there being only I N SIX seconds on March 31st a about 3,000 in Los Angeles. Filipinos, violent earthquake .destroyed Manon the other hand, have increased from agua, the capital of Nicaragua. Over 116 in the state in 1910 to about 70,- 1,000 were reported kijIed and thou- 000 in 1930, and about 7,000 of them sands more were injured; the proplive in Los Angeles. With all of these erty damage is estimated at thirty races the disproportion of sexes cre- million dollars. Fire followed the ates a grave social problem. Especially quake and the city was cut off from is this true of the Filipinos, there be- the outside world except for radio ing less than five per cent women messages. The American Government among the 70,000. They live mostly directed that immediate help be given in labor camps and work long hours the sufferers by the army and nav~ for small pay. This is the chief cause and the Red Cross. Only a small group> for the hatred which has precipitated of missionaries were stationed at Manseveral race riots in the past year or agua, members of the American Baptwo. Very little church or social serv- tist Home Mission Society and the ice work is yet being done among Central American Mission; the neighthem. boring town of Masaya was also oc- cupied by these missions. On the other hand, there is a great deal of church and social service work New Evangelical Churches among the Chinese and Japanese. The Chinese are rapidly decreasing owing DR. S. G. INMAN, Executive Secreto the rigid immigration laws, and tary of the Committee on Coopthere is really no Chinese problem. eration in Latin America, summarizes The Japanese are increasing and also events of the past year: becoming more and more Americanized. The second generation of The year stands out as marking the- "Americans of Japanese ancestry" is organization of additional independent coming to the fore, and they are de- evangelical churches in Mexico and sirous of living up to their birthright. Brazil. The union of the Congregational, They are the chief problem in this Christian and United Brethren Churches race.-The Churchman. in Puerto Rico, and the meeting in Puerto Rico of the officers of the com- LATIN AMERICA mission to organize the Latin American Federation of Evangelical Churches are Selninary ReopeD.8 in Mexico other marks of progress.

THE reopening of the Presbyterian Last July, representatives of the Theological Seminary in Mexico on Northern and Southern Methodist February 4, 1931, was significant for Churches, both in Mexico and the United the evangelical movement in Mexico. States, approved the basis for a united The institution had been closed since Methodist Church of Mexico. The first General Conference was held in Mexico 5 City in September, resulting in the elec- tion of Rev. Juan Pascoe as bishop. With

the approval of the Annual Conference two languages. In 1912, there were ()f the Southern Methodist Church at 9,415 corps, or evangelistic posts: now Dallas, last May, a delegation from the there are 15,113. As against 15,988 United States went to Brazil and helped commissioned officers in 1912, there 'organize the Methodist Church of Brazil. are now 25,658. The Army has 1,568 The Brazilians elected as their first social institutions and agencies. In Bishop Rev. J. W. Tarboux, a former its shelters and food depots 24,545,847 missionary, and adopted the Social Creed free or cheap meals were supplied dur- Qf the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America as their own.

ing the year, and 11,516,319 beds pro- Agitation in Brazil vided. In its men's industrial institu- SINCE the Provisional Government tions, houses and workshops, 214,074 of Brazil announced its intention men were found work, permanently of rewriting the Constitution, church or temporarily. At its labor bureau authorities have been campaigning in there were 407,506 applicants and favor of what they term a minimum situations were found for 238,234. In- program of Ciltholic action. This to its women's industrial homes last program demands that the new Con- year 6,416 girls and women were stitution bear the statement that it is received and 5,951 were passed out '!Written in the name of God, that it satisfactorily. At its ninety-two ma- ,declare the Catholic Church the State ternity homes 23,817 women were re- <Church of Brazil, that it make a re- ceived.-The Christian.

ligious marriage ceremony compul- sory, and that the Catholic faith be Religious Liberty in Italy T taught in the State schools. Catholic HE Roman Catholic Church au- thorities in Rome are doing all in clergy are conducting a vigorous campaign from the pulpit while Catholic their power to restrict Protestants laymen are just as busy through news- from enjoying liberty in religious papers and committees. Counter ac- work. The Vatican organ, Osservutore tivities are at work on the part of Romano, keeps up a demand for the nonCatholics. The strife reached a curbing of "Protestant propaganda," climax at a nonCatholic meeting of and the pope gives support to this deprotest in Pernambucco. A crowd of mand. They claim that the Roman Catholic sympathizers caused a riot Catholic Church is maligned and its when they succeeded in preventing the dogmas are misrepresented and they first speaker from addressing the large demand the right to censor the propacrowd of nonCathoIics. The police g and a. The Italian government, had to use force to restore order, and though friendly to the Roman Catholic the feeling is bitter on both sides.- Church and willing to treat it as the United Presbyterian. established church of the State, has EUROPE been insistent upon these principles; freedom of religious belief; freedom Sa.lvation ArD1Y Progress of religious worship; freedom of reli- T HE SalvaUon Army Yearbook far gious propaganda, and equality of civil 1931 is a record of vast operations, rights without regard to religious evangelistic and social, at home and connection.

abroad.

A statistical table is impressive as a Students a.nd the Christian Faith W record of advance since the death of HEN Dr. John R. Mott conducted a series of meetings for students the founder, William Booth. In that .;vear (1912) the Army was established of Oxford in 1905, the results were in fifty-two c{JUntries and colonies. At considered remarkable. From 300 to the opening of 1931, the Army's flag is 800 undergraduates attended. Re- :flying in eighty-two countries, and its cently, when the modern students are message being proclaimed in seventy- said to have no use for religion, 1,000

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and sometimes 2,000 members of the cently fifteen evangelical kindergaruniversity were present day after day tens in Breslau lost the government for eight days listening to the preach- subsidy. An institution for dumb and ing of Christ and learning the way of blind children which has existed for a prayer in meetings conducted by the hundred years was -sold out and the Archbishop of York. children turned over to a state in- stitution. The Blue Cross Society is "The change in the last few years," a useful organization for the rescue the Student Movement declares, "is of drunkards. The Govetnment is remarkable. Men are ready to listen seeking to make its existence imposand many more than some think are sible by regUlations concerning regisready to pray." tration and membership insurance. In Zurich, morning and evening From other companies of young prayers and grace at table have been people a marked response has also interdicted in the city asylum, much been made to the appeal of Christ. to the grief of the aged inmates. The There is a seething in the heart of Central School Commission of Zurich youth today, but there is a readine-ss has cut off from the free evangelical to try experiments. No real picture of school the privilege of free dental youth is presented which leaves out treatment for school children, and has the companies who have entered upon withdrawn the reduction of carfares the way of faith. formerly allowed.-The Sunday-School Times. Christian Progress in Belgium Protest Against Soviet Persecution AMONG Belgium's eight million people, only 50,000 are Protes- T HE Christian Protest Movement tant. Besides the state-supported against Soviet Persecution of Re- Union of Evangelical Churches and ligion, established in Great Britain, the Free Christian Missionary church, has held 270 meetings during the past there are several smaller groups, but year, with the support of all religious Belgium is a Romanist stronghold, organizations. There is now evidence though many are indifferent and many that the protest has reached Russia, merely formal. One secret of Catho- and has brought about some slight lic power in Belgium is its thorough modification. This has changed the organization of education from school policy of the Movement from one of age onwards, and the Protestant' demand to an appeal to the Russian churches cannot compete in this field Government to abandon religious perwith their weak schools and lack of secution.-The Christian. resources. Neverthele-ss, good work is done by colporteurs and the print- Atheism and Christianity in Russia ing press, and the work advances, however slowly. There is no question I N RUSSIA the war between atheof mas-s conversions. New converts ism and Christianity is on, and in are gained one by one, but the labor spite of the great power the atheists is not in vain.-Pastor Buse. exercise, the current is not wholly their way. In Dein Reich Komme we Socialists in Germany are given a remarkable account of the manner in which the Evangelicals and CHRISTIAN institutions in Ger- Baptists are progressing. In the many have been attacked by the Ukraine, according to Pravda, "the Socialists quietly but persistently. sects are no longer sects but great Catholic institutions are spared be- churches or even parties." In the cause of the political alliance between governments of Po!towa, Kherson, and Center and Socialist parties. It is Tver there are whole counties which, proposed to supplant the Protestant according to the Communist papers, nursing sisters and deaconesses with secular nurses and attendants. Re-

are drenched with this Christian and singing them well; black health propaganda. In the Soviet factories workers who, unsupervised, can and do the .sectarians win victory after vic- produce admirable malaria surveys and tory. Thus in the textile factory maps …. In Zanzibar I saw a native Chalturin there are two thousand medical orderly demonstrating hookworkmen who belong to the evangel- worms and hookworm eggs to the chilical societies against less than five dren in a little out-school; and their hundred Communists. The school answers to his questions showed that youth who come under the influence the village schoolmaster had already of the sectarians offer obstinate re- made the hookworm story quite clear to sistance to the Communist pioneers their minds." and draw to their ranks leading members of the Communist young people -The Congregationalist. organizations. The religious situation in Russia is no doubt dark enough, but Welcomed by Tribal Ohiefs the darkness seems to be that which precedes dawn. THE following letter bears the sig- nature of forty chiefs and tribal The Evangelicals of Russia are, ac- rulers of Menderland, Sierra Leone, and was addres·sed to the newly arcording to the American secretary of rived workers at the "Ward United Methodist church" at Bandajuma, esthe All-Russian Evangelical Christian tablished last year: Union, very 'active in improving the general life of Russia. We, the paramount Chief and Tribal Rulers, of Sowa Chiefdom, do hereby AFRIOA meet to welcome you, and we regard this first visit to our Chiefdom as a genuine Oan Blacks be Educated1 red-letter day.

JULIAN HUXLEY, in a recent num- Weare highly proud of the love and ber of the Atla,nticMonthly, dis- respect that you good people are showing cusse.s the possibilities: of "African to us since you started this Mission on Education." The educability of the the 13th of April, 1928. Other missions African and his capacity for intel- have come and failed, and for many lectual and creative work depends years we have been left alone, before it upon the proper opportunity and stim- pleased God to put it into the hearts of ulous. Biology has relatively little to good people in England to send our do with it. Huxley agrees with schol- friend, Rev. A. C. Lamb, to come and ars like Franz Boas, who are con- open the Mission here again. Everyone vinced that variations of mental of us here feels very glad to have the capacity within a race are much Mission here, to teach us and our chilgreater than between races, and that dren. .Although we are Mohammedans, racial capacities overlap very consider- yet we feel that there is one God ·who is ably. It is impossible to say that the both for white and black. capacity of one race is definitely higher than another. Mr. Huxley We wrote some time ago about having says: a white man here and also a hospital, but we have not heard anything from "I have seen dressers in charge of dis- our friend as regards what the good pensaries, clerks keeping the records of people in England will do for us…. We native courts, girls running maternity hope to hear good news. and infant-welfare stations with white inspection only once a month, men in We are ready to help the Mission on charge of a power station on a big whatever we are asked to do. It is our estate, schoolmasters who taught well wish and prayer that God may guide and had their heart in their job, fore- you both in your ruling, and that you men who could be trusted in sole control may prove a blessing to all the other of building operations-all blacks . . . . churches and schools in Sierra Leone Black students who were dissecting a and to the public in general.-Missioncadaver with commendable thorough- wry Echo. ness; a black choir singing Bach motetS', Testing Time. in Bafla SEVERAL fa c tor s are causing troublous times in the Cameroun. A letter from C. E. Whittier, of the Presbyterian Mission in Bafia, gives as one factor the new laws regarding the age of boys and girls allowed in

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 3B9

school, the maximum age being twelve Church Growth in Nigeria to fourteen years. This has meant putting out 125 of the two hundred TWENTY-ONE years ago the Church boys of the French school, and several Missionary Society began missiongirls of marriageable age will not be ary work in the Isoko dIstrict of Niallowed to return. geria, West Africa. The results have been wonderful, the numblJr of Chris- Boys and girls put out of school tian adherents now numbering more can return to their parents, but wilf than 8,000 in the 120 towns having a not want to. Why? If they start a Christian church. It is estimated that cocoa garden or gather palm nuts, as sixty per cent of the Christians are soon as the garden has food ready women, though no organized women's to harvest the chief will send his work was attempted until a year ago police to get it, to supply the amount when two women missionaries were the government asks of him. The assigned to the village of Bethel. The chief may be paid for it, but the boy missionaries are hoping to establish will receive nothing. His labor is welfare centres and small maternity useless. Who can even counsel him homes in six towns in the district, to be industrious, when along every each centre to have a trained woman line of industry his labors will only midwife in charge.-The Christian. enrich his chief, not himself? Thanks From Abyssinia As for the girls, a real trial of faith is experienced when the native Mo- T HE Emperor of Abyssinia issued hammedan chief takes them by force a statement thanking all the Govinto his harem to be his wives. ernments of the world for the interest they have manifested in connection Notable Improvement with the event of his coronation, and for the practical aid given by Euro- MANY changes may be noted as pean and American people toward evidence of improved ·social con- realizing his hope of spreading civiliditions in West Africa. Cannibalism zation in his realm. He also said: is nearly extinct. Slavery is waning. Fetishism is greatly decreased. Most "In this hour in which my heart is of the harmful secret ·societies are lifted up to God, I must offer my heartpractically dead. Tribal wars may be felt thanks for all the good that Amerisaid to be at an end. Murder is very can missions have done for us. They rare, as compared with its frequency have helped to spread the Word of God in the United States. Polygamy is and Christian teaching in all parts of the very greatly decreased. The language country, and we especially thank the has been reduced to writing and the doctors, not only for their great services New Testament, portions of the Old to the members of the Emperor's family, Testament and' many textbooks have but because they have given the blessings been printed. The majority of the of health and strength to thousands of young men and boys, and some thou- my poor people." sands of women and girls can read and write. Young women have more Abyssinia is four times the size of freedom as to school and marriage, Great Britain. At present only seven and some are taking nurses' training of its forty-three provinces are occucourses; some become teachers, and pied by missionaries. Eight societies others dre·ssmakers. Time was when with 71 workers occupy ten stations. all day·s were alike. The introduction There are 72 native workers. The of the Sabbath was a novelty to these Province of Shoa with its capital of people, and has proven a great bless- Addis Ababa is fairly well occupied, ing. Last year's statistics showed having 36 missionaries, or about half that the attendance at Sunday-school the entire mission force. The rest of averaged 94,000. the country is practically untouched. A recent article in World Dominion speaks of the present emperor as a progressive whose desire is to awaken

the soul of the old Church of his coun- Ferment in Persto.

try for the uplift of the nation. It DR. E. M. DODD, writing from is estimated that a quarter of the Persia, says: "Sixteen years ago, adult population of the empire are while here, I heard the remark, 'Persia priests, deacons, or monks in the is a corpse with no one to bury her.' old Aby-ssinia Church. The Church Since then the national attitude has possesses one-third of the land. changed. There is a feeling that all -Woman's Missionary Magazine. things are possible." The country is WESTERN ASIA gradually being emancipated; is A Christian Monthly in Turkey awake to the fact that it is in the march of progress, even though hun- ONE of the daily Turkish papers dreds of miles behind. Education is Son Posta, representing the new making long strides, the most signifpolitical party, criticised the support icant fact being that the new program given by the Government to the maga- includes girls. Many new schools zine Muhit. We translate this as in- have been opened.

dicating the appreciation of the maga- "Hospitals and public health activ- zine ,on the part of the Ministry of ities are moving with only slightly less Education. momentum. Doctors must now be li- "In Istanbul, a monthly magazine censed for the fir.st time. A few cities under the title of Muhit is issued by have municipal hospitals, while in the Bible House, namely the Gospel Teheran, a small medical fraternity Home, whose purpose is to extend meets periodically. In Meshed there Christianity. This Christian Institu- is something similar.

tion prints the Gospel, circulates it, "After all is said, the picture ha's and makes propaganda of Christianity shadows, as well as high-lights. Many all over the country. It has some cross currents are at work; national- schools also in Istanbul and some other ism at times runs riot, and economic cities, where Christianity is taught. conditions are bad. With the Mullahs The Bible House has taken steps to losing their hold, irreligioOn is on the extend its activities, and has begun increase."

to publish missionary books. At the head of this magazine Muhit, is the INDIA, BURMA, SIAM director of the Literature Department Self-Gove1'1lment and Communalism of the Bible House. THE Methodist Episcopal Central "Very well! A missionary organiza- Conference in India, at its recent meeting, declared in favor of Domin. tion has been publishing a magazine. ion Status for India, and pledged help We shall not read it. That finishes in making this status a .success. The the matter! But the matter is not greatest obstacle they declared to be finished in that way. Since the change "communalism"-or the policy of sepin our script, many Turkish magazines arating Indians into distinct classes have been obliged to close, and none dependent on religion, race Ill' social of them has received a grant from the class. It was resolved "that we Department of Education. The Min- (Christians) have no intention of istry of Education has discovered only creating a separate political entity, this magazine to support, and has called the Christian Community . . . decided to buy 2,000 copies every We have no desire to build up around month. Surely it is not reasonable that the Ministry of Education should the Christian Church a separate social use its appropriation for the purpose and political entity … We desire of the extension of the new script to passionately a united India . . . If support a missionary institution; but those who desired to give their spirit- this is a fact, and a most grievous fact ual allegiance to Christ had been al- too!" lowed to stay in their homes and be

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

frank, open baptized Christians then been putting emphasis upon evangelthis communalism would not have been ism, but there is a call for more earbuilt up. Even now if those who de- nest and more united efforts. sire to follow Christ should be allowed to stay in their homes without In several of the Provinces a special social or political penalty then we are week of evangelism was set for March willing to see the Christian commu- 8th to 15th. In the United Provinces nity as a political entity fade out, a number of objectives have been set leaving the Christian Church as a for a month of evangelistic effort. moral and spiritual organization con- Here are the objectives: tributing its power to the uplift and regeneration of this land." 1. Every Christian taking part by definite prayer and definite witness- Thirty Million More in India ing; with the aim to sell at least ten Gospel portions-a hundred if pos- I NDIA'S population has increased sible. 30,000,000 during the last decade, according to the estimate in the pre- 2. Special visits in zenanas by liminary census returns. The census Christian women. of 1921 put the figure at 318,000,000, but figures now available show that 3. Public preaching, singing and during the last ten years there has Gospel selling in bazaars by bands of been an increase in population exceed- laymen and ministers. ing all estimates. 4. A rousing Christian procession Freedom from pestilence and fam- at some time during the week. ine, sanitation, medical facilities and more enlightened living generally have These objectives, if carried out, contributed to the increase which ap- wherever possible, will show the pears certain throughout India. earnestness M Christiims to win others to Christ. Burma's population has risen probably 12 per cent. Bikanir State takes Kalighat Ashram the lead, however, with an increase of 41.7 per cent, largely due to the com- BROTHER CHAKRAVARTY, a pletion of a large irrigation project converted Bengali of Calcutta, and the consequent immigration. makes daily visits to the Kalighat temple, where he talks with pilgrims Population increased 35 per cent in and priests. Having retained his the Ahmednagar district and 32 per Bengali name and dre'ss he can move cent in the adjoining Poona district above in such places without attractperhaps because 'Of similar new irri- ing much special attention…. gation works. But there was no decrease elsewhere, showing such gen- This is a purely Indian method and eral pressure of population that the Indians are doing the work. There is people immediately flow into the areas no preaching, no magic lantern lecproviding support far fresh inhabit- ture, no Gospel singing band. The ants. Guru sits in contemplation and the enquirers gather about him. Then he A Month of Evangelism reads a verse from the Word of God, followed by a verse, perhaps, from the I N CHINA, Japan, Korea and else- Bhagavadgita. Then he shows the where, Christian churches are more effective drawing power of the carrying forward definite united evan- Bible to bring men to God. Perhaps gelistic programs. In India such a one from the audience puts a question united plan has not yet been made, and either the Guru, or some member but the National Christian Council has of the audience answers it. The been asked to consider calling the "audience" may consist of two besides Churches of India to unite in such an our missionary or there may be as effort. The Churches of India have many as fifteen in the little room.

Pray that our missionary and his wife may be given strength of body, of mind, and of heart, that they may

be divinely guided in all that they at- finally reach the millions beyond.

tempt for the Kingdom.-V. M. [lahi- Each Church will be free to follow baksh. whatever methods it chooses. 2. The. n.t0vement ai~~ at emphasizing Methodists and the Madura Incident C~rIshan responsIbIlity for positive wltness and sharing with others our T HE recent central conference of experience in Christ. the Methodist Episcopal Church in Southern Asia, at its quadrennial ses- 3. The movement must seek to touch all sion in Cawnpore, India, put that denomination clearly on record as re- !aces, ,,:or)dng in all areas, employ- Ing varIetIes of method, and aiming at establishing the Kingdom of God in all relationships of life. The move- jecting the interpretation of mission- n.tent should be a searching examinaary "neutrality" which the British tIon of our social and industrial conauthorities set up in the case of the d}tions, t? see how far they are con- American Board Mission in Madura. SIstent WIth Christian principles. While recognizing that American missionarie-s "can take no part in political A definite objective may -spur the movements as such," the Methodists Church on to greater efforts of sacriwent on record as holding that "the fice and service. The Council suggests church cannot give itself over to or that "we aim at doubling the number ally itself with any government or of Christians within five years." Such political party or group." It was this a venture calls for great faith, but which the now famous letter of Magis- "All things are po-ssible to him that trate Hall told the American Board believeth." missionaries at Madura the British Government expected of them. The The Evangelistic Committee is Methodists upheld the rights of Chris- praying and working, surveying the tian Indians, Anglo-Indians and field, examining social and industrial Britons to engage in politics as their conditions, planning the pUblication consciences dictate. of direct evangelistic literature in va- rious languages, working out bold and daring methods, with a view to in- auguratng the movement at the annual A BurlUa for Ohrist Movement* meeting of the Council in July. "For T HE Burma Christian Council calls the next six months, the need is to the Church of Christ in Burma to catch the vision of God's purpose, to a movement to make Burma Christian. sanctify ourselves to be the agents of It calls for a fresh outlook and motive, that purpose, and by believing prayer, which begun in penitence and prayer, create an atmosphere in which a great continued in faith, joy and persever- forward movement may be born and ence, -shall regenerate in the Church set going with such momentum that of Burma that spirit which thrills no power can stop the coming of the through the pages of the Acts. The Kingdom of God in Burma."

call is primarily to prayer and peni- The Day of Opportunity in Burma tence, through Communion with God, to realize the greatness of His love, THIS is a day of great opportunity and the magnificence of His purpose. to lead the Burmese to know Christ. "This realization should express itself Returning through Mandalay from in a deepening spiritual life, a grow- the Aungpinle Association at Sagaing ing Christlikeness, a radiant joy, and a the Wesleyan preachers said: "Manpassion for bringing others to Christ." dalay is not like what it was before. They used to hate the Christians; There are three general principles, now they go out of their way to make on which, the movement ought to be friends with us. They may not acbased: cept our religion, but they want to know us." At Sagaing a group of 1. The "Burma for Christ" movement about fifty Buddhist elders came out should extend to every Christian, and in response to an invitation.

'" Condensed from The News" Rangoon, Burma, February, 1931.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

From Bassein, Henzada, Pegu and greater success than that reported in Moulmein come similar reports. The the press has been attained by the Buddhist people have listened with a Nanking Government in the struggle new eagerness and confessed their with rebellious hordes of Communists hunger for someone to trust. Burma and bandits. Some relief from finan- is weary of the doctrine of hate which cial calamity has also been secured has been so industriously preached through increased import duties.

from all sides during the past number The Manchurian leader, Chang of years and wants a gospel of love. Hsueh Liang, has not lost his hold on The economic distress resulting from the Northeastern provinces while low prices, the political risings and maintaining peace in Hopei, Shansi rumors of risings, robberies, murders, and the Northwest and gradually dis- ,sects and parties hating each other in banding the excessive armies in those the villages, have all made the Bur- provinces. Shantung has been more mans look with fear and distrust on peaceful than for several years.

one another, till they do not know As the result of reading the Bible where to turn. After nights of anx- and observance of the fruits of Chrisiety when they meet Christians in the tianity in his home, his social and povillages or bazaars, their faces bright- litical circle and in other relations the en with gladness because they know President, Chiang Kai Shek, has pro- Christians can be trusted and are claimed his C'onviction that for himbearers of love and help. In a world self and for his country, the Saviour of enemies, here are friends. Shout it out to the Christians all over Bur- and the hope is Jesus Christ. After confessing his faith and receiving ma. This is the day of opportunity baptism, he went back to his place of to show Christians love Buddhists.- peril and responsibility in the councils B. C. Case, in The News. of State to make clear, by deeds more News from Siam than by words, his belief that only the AN OUTSTANDING event of the truth can make China free and strong 1'l. year in Siam was the eighth meet- and "equal."-Courtney H. Fenn.

ing of the Far Eastern Association of Strong Leadership Needed Tropical Medicine, continuing for one week in Bangkok. One hundred and T HE Rev: George T. Scott, one of sixty delegates from abroad were pres- the Secretaries of the Presbyterian ent. Board, writes from Shantung: About two years ago the Interna- "In the eleven years since my pre- tional Missionary Council was asked vious visit to China, the most obvious to send a competent man to Siam for outward changes are (1) improved rural economic survey, in the hope roads and motor cars; (2) the well- that a scientific study of the rural informed and disciplined Chinese solpopulation and their problems would diers and police everywhere, in the assist the missions to make wiser and cities and towns, on the railways, drill- more far-reaching, plans. The Siamese ing on parade grounds and over rough Government is facing serious eco- terrain; (3) the many men of all ages nomic problems in connection with the in western dress, and practicaliy all rural situation, and is therefore eager girls and young women "bobbed," with a new independence of life and manto cooperate.-Station Letter. ners; (4) the shops filled with goods CHINA imported from America and Europe; Progress in China (5) and everywhere, at station plat- MORE progress has been made in forms and docks, on buildings and China in the last six months than fences and walls are pasted or painted in any previous similar period since large and small posters and signs to the revolution of 1911-12. Much inspire and to teach patriotism, na-

tionalism, anti-imperialism, popular nese Mission to Lepers decided to and party government. undertake. Shanghai is cursed with some 300 lepers most of whom are "In the present period of readjust- found in Chapei. These affiicted are ment among the most difficult has to not seen in the daytime, but appear do with Christian schools and colleges. on the streets at night. Some live Government regulations are unduly with normal persons, apparently unarestrictive, with a special bent against ware of the danger which lurks in religious worship and instruction. In them, while others even peddle food middle schools and higher institutions without the least interference by the voluntary religious exercises are per- police. There is no ruling that lepers mitted, but not in schools of lower cannot walk in public or engage in grade. The entire Christian move- petty trade, and consequently the most ment, missionary and national, con- dreaded disease of mankind is suffered tinually protests against these in- to victimize the innocent. The Chinese fringements of the liberty of private Mission has at its disposal funds for institutions. During this disturbed the erection and equipping of a home transition period, schools are being for these leper,s in the vicinity of continued and Christianity is being Shanghai. Unfortunately a site which conveyed to the students in many it obtained in Kiangwan was not apways, even where direct precept in the proved of by the Chinese municipal classroom is forbidden; often reli- authorities, neither was a second site gious worship and classes are held in in the Western District. a building adjoining the campus. At present, Christian schools are over- The work of the mission is undercrowded, largely because so many gov- taken by Chinese and foreign physiernment institutions are closed for cians free of charge. These volunteers lack of funds." have their regular duties, and as a consequence, cannot afford to go out Missionaries Murdered of the civic centers to render service to the lepers. It would hardly be fair THE murder of two American wom- to add physical hardship to their vol- en missionaries in the southern untary service which in most counprovince of Yunnan was reported in tries is provided by the government dispatches from there, March 18th. itself. The present deadlock between They were Mrs. Vera M. White and the mission and the Chinese authori- Mr·s. Victoria M. Miller, Seventh Day ties leaves the public only one choice: Adventists. to let the lepers run loose in its midst, or to house them under one roof rea- The crime is believed to have been sonably secluded from the congested committed by or upon the instigation sections.-The China Critic. of revengeful servants who were lately discharged under suspicion of being Standing Firm in Changsha. thieves. ~~NEVER was Christianity less like- The husbands of the women were ly to be stamped out in Changon their way from TaHfu to Yunnanfu, a 150-mile journey, and had been tele- sha," writes Rev. W. H. Clark of the graphed to hasten their return. Mrs. Hun a n Presbyterian Mis s ion. White's two children, Ardyth Marie "Though more than half the congreand Lorena Jean were uninjured and gation have been forced by imminent are being cared for by V. D. Parker, danger of a second communist occuof the Young Men's Christian Associ- pation to leave the city, the fire of ation.-Herald-Tribune. faith burns even the brighter in those who are here. In the humble little A Home for Lepers chapel of the primary school, 110 met for worship on Sunday. While the THE difficulty in selecting a site for hordes of Reds under Peng, Chu and a home for lepers has been retarding humanitarian work which the Chi-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mao were hammering at our defense A. student secretary, and Dr. T. Z.

lines not over a mile and a half away, Koo, national student secretary of the and while the hills were ringing to Y. M. C. A.-Christian Advocate.

the sound of rifle and machine gun fire, even there a dozen Christians Finnish Missions in China dared to come to my looted home and T HE Finnish Missions in China are spend an hour in prayer. One Yale passing through great difficulties. boy, just two days before the fiercest In 1927 the greater number of their attacks, said: 'I am not afraid, I am missionaries were compelled to leave in the will of God,' and went off smil- China for many months. Some were ing. The next night his village was never to return to their stations. captured by the Red army and only Those who remained in Hunan were after three weeks did the government in danger of death daily for more troops reenter it. We have no news than half a year. The congregations of him, but I am confident he has were scattered, the churches desestood firm. That which we came to crated, the Chinese pastor,s and teach- China to give, the message of Christ, ers were persecuted, so that they had is a commodity which cannot be looted, to seek seclusion. destroyed, nor burned. We may have lost well over a hundred thousand dol- In February, 1930, three women lars; but there is a 'fellowship of missionaries in Kiangsi were mursuffering' worth infinitely more. Christ dered by Communists. They are the reigns in hundreds of hearts here; he first Finnish martyrs in the Chinese cannot be dislodged whatever comes; field. many a Christian is living the faith: 'Though he slay me, yet will I trust Nothwithstanding all these difficulhim.'" ties only 5% of the Christians gave up their faith. The work has been resumed and the missionaries and Chinese workers have gone long dis- Fifty Years of Service tances on tour and have found many T HE Anglo-Chinese College in Foo- open hearts. The work in the schools chow, under the Methodist Board, has been rendered generally imposwill soon complete fifty years of serv- sible on account of Government reice to China. Plans had been made strictions.

for only 400 stUdents, but when nearly 200 new boys applied for admission A Conference Under Difficulties U in September, acting President S. H. p TO within one week of meeting, it looked as if a conference this Lin arranged to take half of these applicants making an enrollment of year in Central China of the Christian 437 boys. The religious spirit among Alliance would be impos.sible. In July, the students has deepened becau,se of the rising tide of militant bolshevism the unusual activity of the school Y. swept over Changsha and threatened M. C. A. The school, through its six- the Wuhan Center, causing the Con- teen delegates, was host to the Joint suls to forbid their nationals residing Y. M. C. A.-Y. W. C. A. Summer Stu- in Wuchang.

dent Conference last September. The However, on September 2, the Con- boys, who carried on five Daily Vaca- suls lifted the ban and the conference tion Bible Schools during the summer was called. Many experienced trials, vacation, have brought the same spir- but the conference afforded new it of service into the Y. M. C. A. work. encouragement and inspiration. A Recently, over a hundred boys paid dominant note was praise for divine their own expenses to spend the week- protection amid warfare, lawlessness, end in the large Buddhist Monastery and opposition. In spite of the anti- on Kushau Mountain in a conference Christian agitation, one hundred and with Miss Kwaan, national Y. W. C. ten baptisms were reported. War-

fare, banditry, and communism had Whereas today, after seventy years been widespread, and yet evangelism of endeavor, the Christian churches had been carried on everywhere. have no more than 300,000 enrolled Many reported revival, some having members, or about one-half of one per been blessed with a week's meetings cent of the population, two modern held by four Chinese workers from sects of Shinto, not yet fifty years Bethel Mission, Shanghai. old, both incorporating in their tenets and practices features closely resem- The appointment of several "travel- bling those of Christianity, number ing evangelists"-who are really dis- over five million adherents, or nearly trict or provincial pastors-has been ten per cent of the population of modamply justified by their good workin ern Japan. Hunan and Anhwei. The spirit of love and unity and the competent way These sects are not in any real in which some Chinese brethren con- sense Christian; they are obviously ducted the business of conference, subChristian, and any crystallization greatly encouraged us concerning the of the process of development at the future of the church.-Rev. Howard present stage would leave Japan's lead- Van Dyck. ing religious movements manifestly pagan in spirit and rite. Yet these JAPAN AND CHOSEN trends chart the course over which Japan's religious development is mov- Bibles in Jq.panese Hotels ing.-T. T. Brumbaugh.

ABOUT four years ago the "Gid- Empress Aids Leper Work eons" applied for permis·sion to place Bibles in the Imperial Hotel at ST. BARNABAS' MISSION TO Tokyo, but without success. Other LEPERS, Kusatsu, is rejoicing in attempts were made later but met with a gift of seven thousand yen from refusal. However, one of the Chris- the Dowager Empress of Japan. For tians in the management kept the re- many years she has been accumulatquest in mind, and recently word came ing funds for the benefit of the lepers that the management had decided to of Japan by setting aside a certain accept the offer. part of her annual income. On No- vember 10, 1930, this fund was dis- Sunday, November 2d, was set for tributed to the various leper charities, the dedicatory service in the banquet Imperial, Roman Catholic, Anglican, hall of the hotel. Notice of the serv- and Buddhist. With the exception of ice was put in the main lobby. Short the Government Asylum, this Episcoaddresses were delivered by a mis- pal Mission received the largest sionary and by the representative of amount. With this fund it is hoped the Gideons, Captain Swinehart. The to establish a leper settlement suffimanager expressed his appreciation ciently attractive to draw lepers in and the hope that those Bibles would large numbers from all parts of the be helpful to many guests. No doubt, country for voluntary segregation.- that was the first time the Bible was Spirit of Missions. read and prayer offered in that banquet hall.-Bible Society Record.

A Christianized Buddhist Sect Purity Campaign THE Shin sect of Buddhism has THE campaign against licensed adopted so much of obviously prostitution has been called to the Christian thought-forms and method- attention of the Japanese public ology in Japan as to change the very through petitions presented to eleven character and spirit of Buddhism. meetings of the prefectural assemblies. This sect more than any other chal- Two of these passed biHs abolishing lenges the imaginations and commands licensed vice, making seven assemblies the loyalty of modern Japanese. which have recently declared for aboli-

1931J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tion. In one prefecture the victory graduates will enter the Theological came as the result of a well-organized Seminary in Pyengyang. Others seven-year fight, during which 135,000 have gone out to start new churches individual petitions, one long petition and win others to Christ. Rev. W. J. containing 60,000 names, and petitions Anderson, the principal writes: "We from over 650 organizations were pre- have some very fine men. Many peosented. The leadership of this move- ple have told me of the great blessing ment is in Christian hands but it ha·s the Bible school students are bringswept far beyond the limits of the ing to territory around Seoul thr,ough church and appeals to the best thought revival meetings and Sunday services of the nation. The medical associa- they are conducting. One student who tions and patriotic societies are coop- was not able to continue his work on erating and purity leagues are organ- account of lack of funds has been used ized in many parts of the country to to start a revival in a village ten miles back up the campaign.-WiUis Lamott. from Seoul. One graduate spent sev- enty days last summer in prayer and Sai Nai Reforms Bible study alone on an island. He returned in power and has been won- SAl NAI, on a river island near derfully used." Seoul, was a notoriously rowdy town. Village feuds played havoc with Christ and Apples the Christian school, interest lagged in church work. Following a week of PUKCHUDONG is a country village revival meetings, and a visit by the whose ·life has been enriched by missionary in charge of the group, Christ and apples. Luscious "red about thirty young men of the village jade" and "light of the nation" are organized a School Boosters Associa- grown in great abundance, because tion, assumed full responsibility for Christian elders have gone at the apall finances of church and school, ple industry with the same thoroughagreed to send more students, started ness as they conduct their church. The a night school, pledged themselves not more apples produced, the more conto touch liquor or tobacco, or gamble, verts secured, it would seem; and the and made it so clear to the head of better Christians they become, the betthe village that things must be dif- ter apples they strive to grow. "And ferent that he resigned. The village so the Lord be thankit," writes Rev. people met and decided that whoever William Scott. was chosen to succeed him must be a Christian.-Korean Broadcasts. The headman of the village is a non- Christian, who once gave much trouble Bible Training in Seoul by his opposition. Reporting on his community at a district meeting of SEVENTEEN Korean young men headmen he said: "It may seem like were graduated on March 18th from boasting, but I believe I have the best The Pierson Memorial Bible School community in the township. Our peoat Seoul. This is the largest class in ple are sober and industrious. There some years and the students have is no carousing, no wrangling, no had a systematic course of study, in thieving. Our folk are of specially the Bible, church work, preaching and good stock." Another village headpersonal evangelism. The week ends man, also a nonChristian, broke in and summer vacations have been spent with the retort: "Good stock, nothing! in teaching, preaching, and personal Your people are the Bame breed as work and most encouraging reports mine. Everybody knows what makes have come of reviva}.s and churches the difference. Take the Christian strengthened. Most of the under church out of your district and you graduates are planning to spend their will be back where we are."-Korean vacation in this work. Some of the Echoes.

~~Tithing Storehouse" While Christian in character and pur- K ONGJU, Korea, has a "Tithing pose, it is not designed to further the Storehouse" as a feature of its special interests of any church 'Or Christian program. This storehouse, other institution. The officers of the association are: 12×12 feet, was erected at the same Rufus M. Jones, president; Mary time as the church, and is probably E. Woolley, vice-president; Paul Wilthe only one of its kind. Christians liam Alexander, recording secretary; bring in the tithe of their rice and Charles J. Ewald, exe.cutive secretary; barley crop, and from this the pas- Robert A. Doan, chairman, Executive tor's food is supplied. Committee.

The pastor, while not a medical graduate, is widely read in medicine; RlLce Prejudice in Great Britain his father is a doctor of the old school, his brother a practitioner of the new. I NSPIRED by movements in the He keeps on hand simple medicines United States and South Africa, and ointments; has healed many mi- the Society of Friends in London has nor ailments and sent many serious instituted a "Joint Council to Promote cases to the Christian doctor in Kong- Understanding Between White and ju. He makes no charge for treat- Colored People in Great Britain," ments, thus avoiding any complications which is described in The Spectator (London) for February 14. "Among with government officials, and local its aims are the study of the misunpolice and government officials are derstandings arising from color prejamong his regular patients.-Chris- udice; an attempt to deal wisely with tian Advocate. cases of the 'color bar' as they arise, GENERAL the encouragement of personal con- tacts and the encouragement 'Of an ap- Association for Christian Cooperation preciation in Great Britain of the T HIS association will seek through contributions of colored people to hu- correspondence, exchange of visits, man welfare." lectureships, public forums, discussion The need for this organization in centers and by any other suitable Great Britain, with its 300,000,000 col- means to stimulate fellowship among ored subjects, is emphasized because those in the United States and other "color prejudice ……cannot be re- countries who are of like mind in the garded as the hallmark of civilization, desire to produce a Christian culture for some of the most civilized peoples with no circumscribed limits. No do not possess it. France has ap- elaborate or standardized organiza- pointed Diagne, a native of Senegal, tion is desired. Except for the modest to the post of Under-Secretary of State expense of maintaining a small office for the Colonies in M. Laval's Cabi- and conducting its meetings, the asso- net."

ciation will operate strictly on the "Much of the ill feeling toward basis of projects and in harmony with Great Britain in India today arises, the following principles: not from a sense of political griev- Projects will not be initiated or ad- ance, but from some personal slight, ministered by the Corporation. imagined or real. At a moment when Projects will be supported by the vot- we are straining every nerve to bring ing of a fixed total amount or by annual about a permanent understanding begrant for a fixed and usually limited tween the peoples of India and ourperiod. ·selves, based on friendship …… can we afford 'to send home (to India) No financial commitments shall be every year hundreds of embittered made unless funds shall have been pro- and disillusioned students, with nothvided in cash, negotiable paper or pledges from responsible Foundations.

The association is incorporated un- ing but unhappy memories of their der the laws of the State of Ohio. stay in England?' "

WORTH

SE3ll~ Any books mentioned in these columns wilt be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Young J. Allen, "the Man Who Seeded It affords a classified index to multi- China." By Warren A. Candler, D.D., farious needs, and gives striking evi- LL.D. 245 pp. $1.50. Cokesbury Press, dence of the many American agencies Nashville. 1!)31. now at work for the needy. "The Year Book is not an encyclopredia of Dr. Timothy Richard once said that social problems or social conditions; "the books of Allen have hurled the Chinese gods from their pedestals." it is a record of organized efforts in The record of this noble life, if con- the United States to deal with such densed and put into more modern problems. The problems themselves form, would win youth to. the great are discussed only to the extent that adventure. The style of thiS old fash- is necessary for an understanding of ioned missionary biography is apt to the forms of social work related to alienate the' sophisticated. In speak- them. No problem or social condition ing of Dr. Allen's oratorical powers is described unless some agency exists we have this sentence: "I searched for its control, prevention or study."

his eye, which was clear as his The topical articles which constitute thought, saw that once or twice dur- Part I are arranged alphabetically, ing the hour it was softened by a and there is a classified index under tear like a dew drop, held in its place such headings as Child Welfare, Menby the self-restraint of a kingly will." tal Hygiene, Health, Industry, Crime, Dr. Allen was distinguished for his Recreation, Church Social Work, etc. literary work which includes nearly The contributors have been carefully one hundred and fifty volumes, orig- selected but some of the articles are inal or translated. provokingly brief. In Part II we have He went out as a pioneer mission- a complete list of national agencies ary of the Southern Methodist Epis- engaged in social work, arranged al- copal Church, during the trying days phabetically and later classified under of reconstruction. He mastered the Protestant, Jewish, Roman Catholic, Chinese language and script, founded Y. M. C. A., etc. The article on Ima newspaper and engaged in evangel- migrants and Foreign Communities ism. In forty years of work, battling contributed by Edith Terry Bremer against ·superstition and idolatry, he is illuminating. All of the entries are is said to have had only a week's sick- accompanied by select bibliographies.

ness and then "he fell dead in his Altogether it is a work worthy of the harness," May 30, 1907. The book Russell Sage Foundation. S. M. Z.

contains some noble tributes from his.

fellow missionaries and an excellent The X Y Z of Communism. By Ethan T.

portrait. S. M. Z. Colton. Illustrated. 8 VO. 423 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New York.

Social Work Year Book. By Fred S. Hall. The author is one of the secretaries 600 pp. $4.00. Russell Sage Founda- of the International Committee of the tion. New York. 1930. Y. M. C. A. and spent some years in Those interested in national mis- Russia. He has a vital message in sions or in the social uplift of the un- this volume which bears a striking fortunate and neglected in our country title. It represents an effort to make will welcome this excellent handbook. clear the results in Russia of the theo- 399

ries expounded in "The A. B. C. of of purpose, beside which our Chris- Communism," one of the propagandist tian missionary organizations seem documents is·sued by present-day Bol- feeble and lukewarm. The volume is shevists. After defining and describ- well documented, and contains a num- ing the "class war," the author ber of illustrations from the Soviet explains .the dictatorship of the pro- press. The Glossary is excellent but letariat of the industrial workers as the index is incomplete. The judg- an instrument for the conquest of so- ments expressed are sincere, well bal- ciety by Communism. He then shows anced, and convincing. Our conviction how this differs from all other forms is that the only hope for Russia is of socialism. Jesus Christ. S. M. Z.

But Russia has not attained a real "dictatorship of the proletariat." It The Good Earth. By Pearl S. Buck. 375 is ruled rather by a dictatorship of pp. $2.50. John Day Co. New York. the Communist party. Mr. Colton describes their principles, their aims, and 1931. their program. The First International (1864-1872), laid the founda- Many missionaries have written tions for Socialism. The Second good novels but it is not often that a International (begun in 1889 and still missionary's story is selected as "the continuing) was supplanted by the book of the month." This means a Third International (1919), which very large assured sale and a reading threw overboard all restrictions and by nonmissionary minded folk. proclaimed "the Communist Revolution can be victorious only as a World Mrs. Buck was herself a Presbytee Revolution." rian missionary in China and married Dr. J. Lossing Buck of Nanking Uni- Mr. Colton fearlessly describes the versity so that she has inhaled the effect of Communism on marriage and atmosphere of China that her novel breathes out. Her first novel "East Wind, West Wind" also deals with the home life, and the restrictions laid Chinese life and her interpretation of upon religious organizations. The her adopted country has been com- hostility to all religion proves that pared with that of Lafcardio Hearn the root of this hatred is not because for Japan.

of the "Orthodox Church," nor is it "The Good Earth" is not a mission- due to the hostility of the Jews. The ary story and on the surface seems purpose in the minds of the leaders unrelated to missions or to Christian- is to extirpate religion in every form. ity. It is a somewhat surprising novel Their own testimony to this effect is to come from a missionary's pen.

monotonously uniform and convincing. With great literary merit, a true to "Created and constituted to make ag- life Chinese atmosphere, a realism gressive and effective this aggregate that is sometimes raw, the story de- army of man, woman, and child-power scribes vividly the life of a Chinese for the eradication of religion, is the farmer who rises from deep poverty Society of the Militant Godless-the to wealth and at the same time sinks tireless, pitiless, presiding mind of from honest independence and simple the propaganda and the persecution. strength to self-indulgence and a slav- Its head is Yaroslavsky, Secretary of ery to material things. While the the Party Control Commission (the story is not altogether pleasant read- Inquisition of Communism), an in- ing it is of absorbing interest and strument of power second only to the deeply impresses both the strength Political Bureau of the Party and the and the weaknesses of Chinese char- O. G. P. U." This chapter is a star- acter and customs. Without pointing tling revelation of the effectiveness of a moral the picture here given shows an agency for the propagation of anti- vividly the need of the Chinese for Christian beliefs and practices; it the truth, the ideals, the joy and the shows an intensity of zeal and a unity power that come from Christ.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1930

PREPARE

COMING EVENTS can Board of Foreign Commissioners, died after a long illness May 9. Miss September 16-17 – COMMITTEE OF REF- Kyle was better known to Presbyterians .EKENCE AND COUNSEL, Foreign Mis- for her many years as chairman of the sions Conference of N. A., New committee on Christian literature for York, N. Y. women and children of the Orient, One of the important committees of the Federa- September 29-0ctober I-INTERDENOMI- tion of Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- NATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, sions of North America. conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- eration of Churches and the Wom- *** en's Interdenominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- DR. CLIFFORD STUBBS, connected with phia, Pa. the Friends Service Council, stationed at Chengtu, Szechuen province, was killed September 30-0ctober 1 – EXECUTIVE while riding in a rickshaw in Chengtu COMMITTEE, Council of Women for on Friday, May 30. Dr. Stubbs arrived Home Missions, New York, N. Y. in China in 1913 from England and has been head of the chemistry department October 7-15-UNITED LUTHERAN of West China Union University. He is CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. survived by Mrs. Stubbs and several children. October' 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. *** October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- MISS HARRIET N. EASTMAN, missionary TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- in Burma, died in Toungoo, Burma, on ington, D. C. May 6, 1930. Hers is one of the longest records of missionary service in the October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- history of the Society. CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. Miss Eastman was born in Griggsville, November 30-December 5-NoRTH AMER- Ill., February 19, 1839; educated at the ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, Western Female Seminary, Oxford, Ohio, Washington, D. C. and graduated in 1859. For eleven years she taught. January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, As the Foreign Mission Society did Washington, D. C. not then send out single women mission- aries, Miss Eastman's desire for appoint- January 20-21, 1931- COUNCIL OF ment was not at once considered. It was CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION, In- not until 1871, when the Women's So- dianapolis, Ind. cieties were formed, that the call for single women to go out as teachers PERSONALS brought the question to Miss Eastman's prayerful attention once more. Her ap- MISS ESTHER M. McRuER, director of pointment, under the Woman's Baptist religious education in the First Presby- Missionary Society of the West, came in terian church, of Ardmore, Oklahoma, September, 1872. has been appointed Field Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of National Mis- From 1872 to 1890 she was identified sions. Miss McRuer's work will be with the Bgai Karen work at Toungoo, mainly with women's societies, but she Burma. Broken in health, she returned will serve other church organizations as to America in 1890, but after five years occasion demands. at home was able to return to the field. In 1895, under the American Baptist DR. A. L. WA*RN*SHU*IS, Secretary of Missionary Union, Miss Eastman re- turned to do literary work in the land the International Missionary Council, is in which she had already spent so many sailing from Seattle, on August 23, to years of her life. At Toungoo she asstudy conditions in the Far Eastern mis- sisted the Revision Committee in presion field. Starting with conferences in paring for the press the revised Sgaw Japan, especially relating to the King- Karen Bible with references. dom of God Movement, Dr. Warnshuis will visit Korea, Japan, Shanghai, Can- ** ton, the Philippines, and, if conditions permit, other parts of China. MISS CYNTHIA E. WILSON, a Presby- terian missionary in India for forty-one OBITUARY years and known for her translations of the Bible and other books into the Hindu- THE REV. JACOB STUCKI, of Black stani and Punjabi languages, died July River Falls, Wisconsin, died at Los An- 5 at the Pasadena Hospital, where she geles, California, May 10th. Mr. Stucki had been confined since a fall she suswho was a missionary among the Winnebago Indians since 1878, had been se- tained ten months ago. riously ill for some months, and had been taken to Los Angeles by one of his sons Miss Wilson went to India as a mis- sionary in 1876 and remained there until for treatment. * .. .. 1917, when she came to Southern Cali- fornia. Death came at 80 years of age. MISS ALICE M. KYLE, for thirty-two years editorial secretary of the Ameri- Pages Crowded with Vital Christian Messages The BIBLE TO~DAY is a popular and aggressive evangelistic Bible study magazine which has proved to be of incalculable worth to ministers. Bible teachers, missionaries and other Christian workers. Among timely and vital articles to be published in early numbers. are: HOW ANSWER RUSSIA? by Dr. Valentine Hepp, the distinguished Dutch philosopher and professor at the Free University of Amsterdam.

GOD'S GRACIOUS GUARANTEES. by A. Z. Conrad, pastor of Park Street Church. Boston, Mass.

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PLAYTIME AT THE YODOGAWA NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE IN OSAKA, JAPAN

LUI, No.9 September

THE MISSIONARY Of tae EVANGELIZING RURAL JAPAN BY THE REV. GEORGE P. PIERSON, D.D.

Presbyteriwn Missionary in Japan Jor Forty Year8 T HE citadel of a land is its To win these millions for Christ common people, notably fts is the long, hard, final campaign rural people. Only when this into which the great church citadel is taken is a land really throughout the world and the lit- open. There are at least 40,000,- tle church in Japan are entering.

000 of Japan's 60,000,000 living on Can the Japanese church alone ac- farms or by the sea. Most of them complish the evangelization of this are at least where their fathers generation? Can 300,000 believers were, fearful of local deities, in the evangelize the 68,000,000 unbe- "way of the gods," bound to the lievers now living and dying? Let temples and tombs of the Buddhist us not underestimate the strength way, or, what is more likely, ac- of the Japanese church-a self-re- cepting something of each of these specting, respected body, manag- three religions-native worship, ing and quite able to manage its ancestor worship, Buddhism-and own affairs, providentially grown hardly conscious of the confused into a welcoming church-home for history of their conglomerate faith. those who may be won later by Every rural missionary knows large ingatherings. David Thomp- of millions of people who are prac- son, one of the pioneers of seventy tically unevangelized, and recog- years ago, viewing the high walls nizes that he is set to a task that and the sons of Anak, said within calls for a score of workers. Dr. himself, "If I live to see a hundred Wainright, head of The Christian converts, I shall die happy." He Literature Society of Japan, a lived to see 3,000 times that num- careful writer, would have little ber that could be counted and thou- occasion to revise the following sands more that could not be statement made seven or eight counted, moreover, he saw Chris- years ago: "There are thousands tian schools and asylums accom- of towns of strategic value without panying the church's growth, a a Christian worker and many with- translated Bible, tracts and news- out a Christian witness." It is es- papers incalculably diffusing the timated that there are over 8,800 knowledge of Christ through the unoccupied towns of 2,000 to 8,000 great cities and larger towns.

population and containing over 33,- The next step for the Japanese 000,000 people. church, and particularly for the 645

missions in Japan, is evangeliza- a god. The teaching of the one tion of the rural regions. Mission- Mediator between God and man is confronted by an imitated plan of aries were first founders, then salvation whereby an unhistorical co-presbyters, then relieved offi- Amida through the merit of a great cers, and now finally they face the renunciation saves believers into a responsibility of evangelizing the fictitious heaven. A heart suffiregions beyond, to cover which the ciently confused by shadowy tradiresources of the church are not tions of nature worship, ancestor adequate. worship and Buddhist myth, has scant interest in another religion The rural regions look easy. which he regards as a foreign in- There are railroads to carry you trusion. It is to a heart of this in comfort from the remote re- composite blur that the missionary cesses of the Hokkaido to the ex- would introduce Christ, before tremities of Formosa, protection which he stands appalled counting by the police, deferential treatment the cost, and likely to be more apby the people, unconcerned repose palled until he counts all the cost, in the inns-with nothing between until over against the obscurations you and your neighbor but a paper and substitutes of Satan, he weighs screen, attitudes toward your mes- the realities of Christ, the covesage ranging from the non-hostile nants of God and the promise to the eagerly receptive. Every- through the Spirit who, convincing thing seems welcoming as we set the world of sin and righteousness foot on the portcullis, and have ac- and judgment, regenerates the decess to the citadel-the heart of a generate souls of men. common people-easy, but there we are stopped. The hearts of the Rural regions then, being logicommon people it is true are as of cally the next step, how maya misold, honest, open, teachable, wel- sionary work in a small country coming, but we meet the intercept- town, one of the 8,000 yet unoccuing priest. Jesus met him and Paul pied towns of from 2,000 to 8,000 met him. people, among which towns he may select one of the 350 places where The revelation of a one Creator there are located middle schools for God seems an unnecessarily re- boys and an equal number of simstricted conception to one who has ilar schools for girls and where no been instructed to look back Christian work is being done? through a divinely derived Imperial House of today to a divine an- He works by the silent testicestry of yesterday and still mony of a Christian life thereby further back to a heavenly pan- incontestibly putting the commutheon from which he came, under nity on the defensive. If he is a whose protection he lives and of bachelor it is soon recognized that which tomorrow he himself be- he never visits the euphemistically comes a part. A righteous and lov- designated "restaurants," whereing Heavenly Father has little in upon the world begins to consider common with those gods, many to what new thing "this babbler" has whom a priest can offer prayers to to say, the flesh begins to estimate prosper the building and business the cost of accepting his Gospel, of a new brothel, whose proprietor and the devil begins to stir up op- -after his traffic in the souls of position. If he has a family, while men is done-may himself become

EVANGELIZING RURAL JAPAN

the ladies of the town are inspect- all these sources is formed that ing the furnishings of his house most potential, "the church in thy they are making mental note of house," which for pure soul satis- how the master of the home ad- faction and to the praise of the dresses his wife, how the children Spirit of Jesus has no equal. Only answer their mother, and whether in Christ do men really meet, and Confucian caste or Christian love in a brotherhood tnat is eternal.

rules the home. From such little home churches go The first visitor to arrive, coin- forth Christian merchants, engi- cident with the first load of house- neers, teachers, preachers.

hvld goods, ana on every subse- To reach the 200,000 unevangel- quent arrival of anything else, ex- ized people in his county your cept the familiar postman and young missionary must be endless- tradesman, are the children, the ly touring, distributing in the last household babies on their towns and villages, as he does in backs, tops and toys held in spell- his own town, Bibles and tracts bound abeyance. The children do from house to house, with extra not have to be invited to the first supplies placed in barber shops, session of the Sunday-school which bath houses and hospitals, togeth- is held on trunks and boxes. They er with paid articles on Christian go away with some pretty cards themes in the county newspapers, tucked away in their bosoms and all of which induce invitations, let- some wonderful thoughts tucked ters of inquiry, visits and return away in their souls. Then come visits. Your country missionary twenty middle schoolboys after is rarely out of sight of an uncon- English and five primary school verted man and a man, too, who teachers on the same quest, depart- will listen to what he has to say.

ing after tea and cake with an un- While he may never overstress the written charter-thirty minutes importance of work with the in- of English of all varieties (con- dividual, he will not be blind to the versational-broken, correspond- opportunities lying before him of ence-original, reading-anything gaining access to institutions not from "See the hen run" to Ein- unfriendly to his advances. It stein, essays on such themes as should be remembered that Japan "the Universe and Other Mat- is a land of departments and sub- ters,") to be followed by a half departments, bureaus, classes, hour's instruction in the Japanese guilds, societies and associations.

Bible. Almost everybody is subsumed.

The missionary family is pres- Now while we should deprecate ently discovered by the town in Christianity being made a national general. The wife has much to of- religion by fiat decree, yet it does fer in the way of music, cooking, seem as though in a land where so sewing, English for the girls, and little individualism prevails, it is Bible classes for women. Railroad wise to seek admission to a given men, post-office officials, bank class through the doorway of the clerks, business men begin to call chief's own opening. We do not on the master. Soon a litte com- ask the patronage of any depart- pany is meeting Sunday evenings ment; we ask admission only, ul- to sing hymns and listen to an in- timately the work must be with formal Bible talk. Presently from individuals.

There are certain unique Dppor- 000 of them it is estimated, and tunities that may be properly 10,000 Young Women's Associa- called modern. 'l'he country mis- tions. Everything is discussed, but sionary may gain admission to the a knowledge of the Way of Life is primary SChDOls. His coming is a painfully lacking. Win one of these spectacular event. On the rostrum associatiDns and you have captured in the assembly room he may say a strDnghold.

a great deal Df what he wishes to The railroad authorities during say without abusing the privilege certain weeks of the year permit granted him by the principal. He missionaries and Japanese evan- may speak still more freely in the gelists to address the station em- teachers' room, even selling Bibles ployees and the men in the shops.

there. A Bible class for teachers The railroad officials make out 'conducted in Dne Df the rooms is your itinerary, furnish you with not an uncommon thing. A happy an official as courier, provide you sign of the times is the changed with a second-class pass, arrange attitude of the Educational De- with the station master to, prepare partment towards religion, frankly the waiting room with table and recognizing the necessity Df reli- chairs, and assemble the men con- gion in an educational system and nected with the station-in many recommending its presentation. cases their wives as well. You are What the missionary would hesi- expected to speak on morality, but tate to do in the classrooms, he in giving the reHgious sanctions may do outside the school gates. for morality one has to introduce Here is the way one missionary a statement of the Way of Life.

does it. Riding out in his Ford he Most hospitals are open to visi- meets the children just as they are tation. Dormitories for factory emerging from the school gate. He workers will arrange for special is playing "Jesus Loves Me" on the meetings. Work for prisoners must little pDrtable organ, part of the be done with individual'prisoners, car's outfit. Of course the children except in rare instances where one soon throng the spot and they are may address the whole body.

taught very simply, perhaps with What worries a country mission- a "surplus material" picture roll, ary is not the lack Df opportunities why and how Jesus loves them; but in a multitude of opportunities and that they may not forget it which to choose; the danger is that all, a very short catechism on a he may become either used to the single sheet of paper is given them. sight to the point of hardening, or When they get home it is not long discouraged at the magnitude Df before they have told the old peo- his task. Every country mission- ple all about it, too. So a regular ary knows of hundreds of thDU- Sabbath-school has been held with sands of unevangelized people no expense for rent, janitor, light whom, humanly speaking, he can and heating and the Httle old Ford never hope to reach. Sometimes rushes off to intercept the next he finds himself under the juniper group. Seventy-nine out of eighty tree asking himself "Why is it that of the children of Japan go to believers are not more zealous in school. leading their people to Christ? Is In every village and town there it that they do not know the Scrip- is a Young Men's Association, 15,- tures or that they do not realize

the peril of the unsaved? But," he 5. The call of the rural regions is answers himself, "the Japanese for missionaries who will inexpen- Christian faces a far more difficult sively take up their abode in the task in the endeavor to lead their country towns with the fixed purpose relatives or friends than do we; of living there and of planting and for besides what we have to con- training as well as radiating theretend against in the world, the flesh from in the regions beyond. Chrisand the devil, they meet in every tians made by the "Million Souls department of life cruel, fearful, M'ovement," or similar movements, disdainful, unbending custom. need ntonths and years of love, teach- Twenty-five centuries of pyramidal ing, guidance and personal standingmoves are looking down on them- by-nes,s. and the look is forbidding: twenty centuries of Christian ancestry are S. The call is also for women mislooking down on us-and the look sionaries to conduct informal horne is solicitous." schools in rural districts. Provide a budget of $2,000, a faculty of two Our theses then are these: Japanese women teachers, a cur- riculum of three grammar-school 1. The Church Universal of this years, an enrolment of thirty pupils, generation is responsible for the evan- a practical course – mostly domestic gelization of the unsaved of this gen- science suited to the sphere of their eration. future environment, and, that their spirits may soar, all the music they 2. The Church in Japan with its can compass with all the literature 300,000 believers, Roman Catholic and they can absorb; finally and su- Protestant, cannot, it would seem, premely a thorough acquaintance with evangelize the 60,000,000 of this gen- the Bible, that their souls may liveeration. provide these things and one woman missionary with two earnest teachers 3. The Church Universal, accord- could do it all with an initial outlay ingly, is responsible for that large of $4,000. number of the 60,000,000 that the Japanese Church cannot reach. 7. Mission work in Japan will be done when the Japanese Church has 4. By far the greater portion of fully evangelized the remotest mounthese 60,000,000 live in the rural tain hamlet and the loneliest fishing regions. village.

MEDITATION AT THE CLOSE OF DAY The sun sinks in the West. The fields are brilliant with the autumn colors and Mt. Higashi stands calmly enshrouded in the evening mist. Sparrows in the garden noisily raise their voices in praise and thankfulness to God for His goodness.

On this very peaceful evening I pause to reflect upon the blessings of the day-fine weather, a letter from a friend in a distant land, daily bread, and a life fuU of peace. For all these blessings I lift my heart in gratitude to our blessed Lord. This day upon my bed of sickness I count my many blessings.

But my joy is mixed with sorrow for I remember my sins, my estrangement from God, my weakness, and my deficient love towards my heavenly Father. We are always troubled by regret, sorrow and irritation; but our Lord shows us the Cross and gives us peace of mind and eternal life. Our Lord is always with us and He will give us peaceful rest and guide our steps into tomorrow.-Krwekichi Kato.

A translation of a Japanese poem written by a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Yamagata, who has been bedridden -for two years. -The Spirit of MiBsiOnB.

KINGDOM OF GOD CAMPAIGN

JAPAN BY THE REV. WILLIAM AXLING, D.D.

Honorary Secretary 01 the National Christian 001Jnoil of Japan T HE idea of a campaign with scope, push the number up to a a goal of a million souls was million. born in the brain and heart of Toyohiko Kagawa, eminent Undaunted, Mr. Kagawa went writer, social worker and Chris- forward with his plans. Unceastian mystic. Like Paul of old, the ingly he kept the idea before the Lord appeared to him in the night minds of his friends and followers. watches and gave him a vision of Increasingly he moved individuals a nation-moving evangelistic cru- al:d grOUPS to catch the vision and sade. With Kagawa a vision is a back it with creative faith and paschallenge; a dream is a call to ac- sionate prayer. tion. This idea thus flamed forth The Idea Gives Birth to a Movement into a passion, stirred his soul with Backed by Kagawa's passion a sense of mission, and moved him and personality and the work of to announce his intention of the Spirit of God, this idea has launching a movement which been gripping the hearts and firwould systematically work its way ing the imagination of an increas- into every section of the empire, ing number of people until it has reach out into every class and assumed the proportions of a movegroup, and carryon until the ment. Christian constituency in this land The two conferences which were shall number one million strong. held when Dr. John R. Mott visited To Mr. Kagawa the numeral one Japan, in May, 1929, faced the million in this connection is not a question of the next step to be flight of fancy or a campaign call. taken in the evangelization of the As the result of a careful study of empire. Without any exchange of the Huguenot movement, he views .or comparing of notes, these reached the conclusion that until conferences voted to ask the Na- Christianity in Japan has a million tiona! Christian Council to carry followers it cannot fashion the na- forward a nationwide evangelistic tion's moral, social, industrial and campaign "based on Mr. Kagawa's political ideals and life in the plan." One hundred representative Christian mould. Christian leaders attended these Like every great idea, this one conferences. This action· was, staggered men of lesser mould. therefore, a direct mandate from a Few had faith to believe that Jap- large section of the thoughtful, reanese Christianity, which after sponsible spokesmen of the Japa- seventy years of heroic endeavor nese churches.

only numbers some 300,000 folIow- At the May meeting of the Execers, including the Greek and Ro- utive Committee of the National man Catholic communions, could, Christian Council, this recommenthrough one campaign, no matter dation of the Kamakura and Nara how continuous or far-reaching its Conferences was considered, unani- 650 mously approved, and the Council's Christian Council. More than 150 Commission on Evangelism was delegates were in attendance, repasked to formulate poliCies and a resenting every part of the empire working program. The Council, at and every phase of Christian enits Annual Meeting in November, deavor. A spirit of unity and high voted to sponsor this campaign and determination and buoyant expecrender every possible help to make tancy characterized this gathering. it an All-Christian Movement. Here the plans for the campaign were matured and such matters as The Movement Takes Shape organization, strategy and objec- tives definitely determined. June 7, 1929, may in the coming years stand out as a milestone in Six months have thus been dethe history of the Christian con- voted to preparation. The camquest of Japan. On that day the paign began January 1, 1930, by members of the Commission on the holding of initial mass meet- Evangelism of the Christian Coun- ings in Japan's six largest cities, cil and representatives of the Ka- Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Yokogawa Co-Operators in Japan, met hama and Nagoya. in joint session, and after prayer and careful consideration voted to Mobilizing the Christian Forces set up a Central Committee for the purpose of taking over this "Mil- The idea has flowered into a lion Souls Movement" and aggres- movement, but the rank and file sively carrying it forward. both of the pastors and of the church members must still be mo- The personnel of this Central bilized. The prayer-power and Committee numbers thirty and is soul-power of the church must be representative of the whole Chris- so concentrated on this campaign tian Movement. Kagawa is still that the tides of the Spirit may be the throbbing heart of the move- released and God be given a chance ment, the spiritual genius and dy- to break out anew upon the life of namic personality around which this nation. The Central Committhe Campaign will be centered; tee has issued a manifesto chalbut it has expanded from a Kaga- lenging the Christians of the wa campaign to one embracing the nation in such words as these: organized Christian forces of the nation. Japan the land of the gods, God's country! This is our prayer, our Although the objective of ~ mil- slogan and our goal. Our Japan is in lion souls was retained, the name distress. Our Japan has lost her way. was changed to "The Kingdom of Man's distress, however, is God's op- God Campaign." This was done portunity. Man's perplexity is God's with Kagawa's complete approval challenge. in order to put the emphasis not on numbers but on the genuineness Distressed Japan is a humble Japan. of those who are won. It was felt Perplexed Japan is a changeable necessary not only to have a quan- Japan. Self-satisfaction and pride tative but a qualitative goal. are swiftly disappearing. The sound of the breaking away of the husks of In November a National Confer- the nation's thinking and of its life ence on Evangelism was held in echoes gloomily far and near. Tokyo in connection with the Annual Meeting of The National The birth-pangs of a new Japan! The violent birth-quickening of the Kingdom of -God is on. The time is

at hand. The Kingdom 'of God is Mr. Kagawa's Plan near. The time has come for repent- Mr. Kagawa is a modern mystic. ance and for consecration to the task He keeps his feet on the ground of spreading the Gospel. but his head and his heart lay hold on the unseen. He believes in The thought life, life as a whole, prayer. His plan calls for the orpolitics, education, industry, every- ganizationof a network of prayer thing in Japan must be brought und'er clear across the empire, with early God's direct control. Through Christ- morning prayer-meetings in every like Japanese a Christ-like Japan church, monthly union prayermust be brought to the birth. To meetings in every city and center, transform this vision into reality we must increase the present 300,000 Chri·stians to a round million. and an annual nation-wide confer- We believe that one million Chris- ence for prayer and for the train- tians will make possible the Christian- ing of lay workers in evangelism.

ization of Japan's public ,opinion and He stresses district evangelism, conscience and realize through the Church a really Christianized Japan. personal evangelism, evangelism Every Christian a soul-winner, win- through literature, lay evangelism ning one soul a year and thus in three and evangelism thr.ough service. years quadrupling the number of Christians – this is the program of He urges special "missions" to the Million Souls Campaign. the rural people, the fishing folk, the miners and laboring classes. We have a reason for thanksgiving and a source for courage in the fact He emphasizes the mass producthat there are workers with special tion of leaflets, pamphlets, cheap- priced good Christian books, and a gifts whom God has raised up among large utilization of the daily press.

the various denominations. Among He challenges every Christian to them are figures so outstanding that convert his home into a meeting when the people hear their names they place for a church. He appeals to are immediately reminded of Chris- every follower of Christ to become tianity.These stand as our repre- a teacher of children and the sentatives before the unsaved masses. young, and to organize a neighbor- They are the connecting links between hood Sunday-school in his or her us and the people. own home.

Mr. Toyohiko Kagawa has already He would have the churches in offered his full time and his utmost every city and town unite in holdefforts for this Movement. This has ing short term, three months, G,osbeen a tremendous encouragement to pel Schools for the intensive our Committee. We propose to en- list other outstanding workers and training of Christians and lay pitch a cooperative decisive evan- leaders. He wants the churches to gelistic battle which shall be nation- enlist, train and release, at once wide in its reach. 5,000 lay preachers for this nation- Nineteen hundred and thirty, the year in which it is proposed to begin wide evangelistic crusade. this campaign, commemorates the Evangelism through service twentieth century period since Christ began his public ministry. We believe calls for the revival of the broththat it is most fitting for us Chris- erhood movement within the tians to follow in the footsteps of our church, the organization of coop- Lord, and for three years give our- eratives, the founding of educaselves as He did for a similar period tional guilds and mutual aid societies and "missions" to every to aggressive evangelism. existing group and occupation.

MOST DIFFICULT FIELD IN

BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No. 6 W HICH is the most difficult and the son of a mIssiOnary in mission field in the world? North Africa, said to me that he In almost every country we had almost lost hope of winning have visited some workers have Moslems to Christ, for the students confided to us that theirs is "the who had professed conversion had most difficult field" in which to sow proved weak and unsatisfactory.

with expectation of a fruitful har- The most he hoped for was a grad- vest. And in each case their con- ual breaking down of prejudice tention seemed to be true. and an acceptance of Christian All fields show, in spots or in gen- ideals through education. Was the eral, characteristics of the soil in faith of Raymond Lull, of Bishop the parable-hard and unreceptive, French and Keith Falconer mis- shallow and unproductive, preoc- placed?

cupied and stifling, or good and Anyone who has worked in or fruitful. In all fields, at home and even visited Moslem lands will abroad, we find the same obstacles readily acknowledge the almost im- to the Gospel-sin and selfishness, possible task they present. Egypt extreme poverty or wealth, great has many Protestant Christians ignorance and prejudice, false re- won from the Copts, but few from Iigion, irreligion and anti-religion. the Moslems. They are Sunnis, But each land we have visited has and therefore self satisfied and un- also its peculiar difficulties. receptive. Mesopotamia and Ara- Passing by Roman Catholic and bia are full of Shias and Wohobis Greek Catholic countries, like Italy who are fanatical and antagonistic.

and Greece, with their historic but The work at Baghdad would dis- often devitalized Christianity; and courage any but valiant soldiers of Jewish fields, like Palestine, with the cross. When Mr. and Mrs. AI- their historic opposition to Christ bert Edwards sought to establish a and His Gospel, look at some of the mission in Hillah, near ancient great non-Christian fields of Asia Babylon, fanatical Moslems re- as we have seen them. fused to rent a house, to deliver Take Moslem Lands. Where can water or milk, and even thought we find soil more hard and unre- it pollution to allow the Christian ceptive? The fields where Islam to drink from their cups in a cof- flourishes seem to present an al- fee shop.

most impossible task to the Chris- In India, Moslems are warlike tian missionary. The measure of and proud of their religion and truth in their own religion, the have become complacent in their fourteen hundred years of school- so called liberalism. The president ing in Moslem traditions and in of the All India Moslem League prejudiced views of Christianity, said to me, in answer to a question have made the followers of Mo- on the work of Christian missions: hammed almost stone deaf to the "Educational mIssIonaries have claims of Christ. A mISsiOnary, done much for India. If only they 653

would give up teaching that Christ schools with outcastes, and the is the Son of God, that Jesus dle,d proximity of a Christian from the for our sins on the cross, and that "sweepers" will defile food and He rose again from the dead, then make it unsalable. Even more dewe could accept their Christian- pressing is the fact that in South ity." If they would leave out the India caste Christians have re- Gospel, Moslems would accept the fused to worship with those won ethics! Yes, Islam seems to pre- from among the outcastes. In one sent the most difficult field in the case they even burned the homes of "sweeper" Christians because world. But what about the Hindus; are the mission had decided to allow both classes to use the same church they more approachable? Here building at different hours. Truly are a people whose religious teach- India of the Hindus seems the most ers are looked upon as among the difficult field in the world! world's greatest philosophers. Here a polygamous religious sys- But look at Buddhist lands. Tibtem is entrenched and holds two et is still entirely closed to the hundred and fifty million adher- Gospel. In Burma and Siam progents under its spell. India is a land ress is made among animists in of temples,' of pilgrimages, of re- proportion as they are weak in ligious festivals, of priests, fakirs Buddhist faith. The Buddhist temand gurus. One cannot visit a ples abound and many are crowded temple, like that at Madura, and with worshipers. Little progress is see the people bow down to hideous, made among Burmese or Ceylonese big-bellied idols, bathe in filthy wa- Buddhists. Mildness of disposition, ter, and worship fleshly priests, peaceableness and belief that an without a conviction that they are exhibition of temper is sinful, are joined with contentment with blind but devout. things as they are. Their philos- But an even greater obstacle ophy as to Nirvana and belief in transmigration of the soul have among the Hindus is the caste system-the antithesis of brotherhood cut the nerve of progress. Their and the deadly foe to progress. For religion is one of death, not life. over a thousand years this system Surely Buddhism offers a difficult has become more and more in- field with shallow, unproductive trenched and holds in its grip all soil for the good Seed. classes in India. Those from the high castes are not ready to accept B1tt what about China? There a Gospel that puts the "pariah dog" was a time when the Chinese on a level with the Brahmin; and seemed to present an almost unoutcastes who wish to accept the penetrable wall. After one hun- Gospel are suspected of seeking dred years of prevailing and sacrificial living on the part of mis- "the loaves and fishes" and are de- sionaries, the Boxer Uprising prived even of their scanty means sought to kill or to drive every of living if they incur the enmity Christian out of China. Then there of their "superiors." In India we seemed to come a period of hopeful sometimes hear that caste is break- receptivity and progress; but toing down, but even in some Chris- day China is torn by revolution. tian colleges students of different Bandits prevail in all parts of the castes refuse to eat together; caste country; the people are discourpupils often refuse to attend public

THE MOST DIFFICULT FIELD IN ASIA

aged and desperate; the anti- lage life of India, making it almost Christian movement among stu- impossible for those who break its dents and some of the officials is rules and rise to higher things. seeking to drive out Christianity and all religion from the schools Buddhism presents the barrier and to put China in the class with of a philosophy that produces a Russia as irreligious and antic false sense of security and a false hope of peace in Nirvana. In Christian. China, on the other hand, the pres- All of the mission schools and ent great obstacle is political. With China at peace and in the hands colleges are facing a crisis. They of a sane government, we would do not know when they may be look for a great forward moveclosed or taken over by anti-Chris- ment in the Church. tian forces. In the Chantung Christian University (Cheloo Uni- This is a dark picture, but, thank versity) at Tsinan, the students of God, it is only one side of the the College of Arts and Sciences tapestry! On the other we see the recently went on strike to secure working out of the face of Jesus the resignation of the dean. They Christ and the program of the tore down faculty notices, put up Kingdom of God. Islam does not blasphemous, anti-Christian pos- present an unbroken front. In the ters saying that Jesus was an ille- Dutch East Indies, 45,000 former gitimate son and charging that Moslems have accepted Christ. In women students, who refused to Persia, hundreds of Moslems are join the strike, were "prostitutes welcoming the Gospel and at one of foreigners." They caused a communion seventy-seven were strike among the university em- baptized. Dr. Robert P. Wilder, ployees, and boasted that they in a recent visit to Persia, found could cause the resignation of any a wide-open door and wide-open undesired professor. Their strike hearts in spite of opposition and was instigated and promoted by persecution. In Hillah, that center the local Nationalist party. The of ignorant fanaticism, love is Commissioner of Education for the winning a hearing and inquirers Province was bitterly anti-Chris- now come asking for instruction tian. The College of Arts and Sci- in the Bible and the Christian Way ences has been closed since Janu- of Life. ary, and the local government threatens to preverit its opening in India is a hard field, but already September. China is indeed a most four million Indians have become difficult field today. But which is Christians. There are many signs the most discouraging? that caste is breaking down, espe- cially in cities. Manatma Gandhi, In Moslem lands the chief ob- Rabindrinath Tagore, and many stacle seems to be religious-the bitter antagonism to the claims other recognized Indian leaders are that Jesus is the Son of God, the bitterly opposed to it and declare Saviour of men, and that He and the Bible are superior in authority that caste must go. Hinduism, to Mohammed and the Koran. especially in its grosser forms, is also doomed. Already anti-priest Among Hindus the greatest of societies have been formed, and an many obstacles is social-the death "Indian Self-Respect Association" grip of the caste system in the vil- is battling against the dedication of girls to temple service and other

degrading features of Indian life It is less so than ever. We saw and worship. The students are many missionaries with almost no being educated out of ignorant equipment, like the Apostle Paul, prejudice and many would become who nevertheless could point to Christians except for family op- large spiritual harvests. On the position and the fear of social other hand, there are large mis- sionary institutions, with almost ostracism. perfect facilities for their work, In Buddhist lands, too, there are that can point to no souls led to Christ and few trained for Chrissigns of a developing pattern after tian ministry. the likeness of Christ. The witness to the Gospel in Ceylon, It is unnecessary to add that Burma and Siam is producing re- missionary fruitage is not dependsults, and the Koreans and the ent on money. Many missionaries Lao, who are receiving the Light, and many branches of the work are becoming effective witnesses to are suffering because of inadequate their fellow countrymen. support, but their hope is not in a larger financial income. In China, the darkest spots are the large cities near the fields of The only hope for missionary conflict. In, many country districts success today – as it has always and in western provinces, like been since Pentecost-is threefold. Szchuan and Shensi, the people are friendly and the Chinese Church is 1. In the power, the purpose carrying on with faithfulness and and the promises of God. He canpower. More copies of the Scrip- not fail. Christ will be victorious. tures were sold in China, India and in Siam last year than in any pre- 2. In the truth and vitality of vious year. The China for Christ the Word of God. In all these lands Movement is enlisting the churches those who are most successful toin a united evangelistic campaign. day in spiritual fruitage are those who believe and teach the Bible as A visit to the mission fields of the Word of God and with au- Asia creates a keener sympathy thority for faith and life. with the missionary in his difficult task, but it also stirs the heart with 3. In the Holy Spirit of God as higher hopes and greater con- the Witness that makes the mesfidence in the ultimate victory of sages take hold of men's hearts Christ and His Gospel. But our with power. Without this witness' hope is less than ever in the num- of the Paraclete, the witness of men is fruitless. "By my Spirit, ber of missionaries on the field. saith the Lord." Some might better return home, If these things are true, and for they show no evidence of en- their truth is being proved every thusiasm for the conversion of day in mission lands, then we at men to Christ. But the vast ma- home and our partners at the front jority of missionaries put us at must realize more completely our home to shame by their faith, their absolute dependence on God for courage and their sacrificial devo- our call, our equipment, our courtion. It is "not by (physical) age, our daily supply, our power, might" nor an army "that we will and for the results. We need to win the victory." study the Bible more that our mes- sage may be true and that our Neither is our confidence in large institutions and fine equipment.

SOME EVENTS ON THE JAPANESE ROAD

methods may be Christlike. We spirit of sacrifice to do His bidneed to spend more time in prayer ding. When the Hebrew spies rein order to keep in tune with God turned to report on the Promised and to realize our partnership with Land and the outlook for its con- Him. quest, ten of them said: "There are giants i"n the land, and in their The missionary task is so great sight and in our own, we were as and the difficulties are so tremen- grasshoppers." Caleb and Joshua dous that they are insurmountable said: "There are giants in the through human wisdom and might. land, but God is with us, and in His But the difficulties – religious, so- sight they are as grasshoppers." cial, philosophical, political- are These two spies shared in the conas nothing in the sight of God-if quest of the land. His servants have faith and the SOME EVENTS ON THE JAPANESE ROAD BY THE REV. A. P. HASSELL Missionary 0/ the Southern Presbyterian Ohurch:- Tokushima, Japan ONE of the most remarkable est village where we employed a things that come to one's no- boatman to take us across an inlet tice on the mission field is of the Pacific, about a mile wide. the fact that God is picking out in- This brought us to a farming setdividuals here and there and sav- tlement of only five houses. In ing them. And some of these in- one of these we found our man, dividuals are about the last ones Tomiji Tanabashi, twenty-three that you would ever expect to be years old. There were two single "picked out." beds in the room, one occupied by Tomiji San and the other by his In January I baptized a man younger brother, both men with who was thought to be on his death- the same illness. bed. He lived in one of the remote and inaccessible localities of this A few days prior to our visit a prefecture. A Japanese pastor and letter had come to me from the I drove for two hours, part of the Rev. Daniel Buchanan, of the way over a precipitous mountain Northern Presbyterian Mission, in road. When I asked for special a distant prefecture. He has a police permission to do so, .the lending library which he adverofficer dropped his head to one side tises in the big daily pap e r s. doubtfully. Then there was a Tomiji had read three of his books and had asked for baptism. He moment's conference with the was like the Ethiopian Eunuch, "chief." It had never been done who said: "How can I understand before, but if I wanted to try it except some man should guide and would be careful I might "go me?" There was a list of questo it." tions about things that he had run across in his reading and which We got along first-rate till we he didn't understand. "What is came to a large pine tree right in the meaning of 'baptism'; the 'resthe middle of the road. There we urrection'; 'Hallelujah'; 'Amen'? sidetracked the car, shouldered our baggage, and walked to the near- 2

What happens when we die"; and tian books had come from this disa lot more-most of them remark- tant friend, at a moment when ably thoughtful questions. Tomiji was in the depths of dark- ness and despondency, and he We instructed him in the essen- reckons his salvation back to that tials of salvation as long as we felt event. his strength would permit and then administered the Sacraments of We spent the night at Tomiji's Baptism and the Lord's Supper house, which shelters four generaafter which he lifted his feeble tions ranging in age from the onevoice and hands in a devout prayer year-old baby of Tomiji's older of thanksgiving to God for so brother to the eighty-two-year-old wondrously saving him. great-grandmother of the baby. We found the household most This young man had left his hospitable. They arranged a meet- ing for us at night at a neighbor's WHO WILL TELL, THESE BOYS OF house, where we preached the first JESUS? Christian sermon that the com- munity had ever listened to. When home some years ago for Tokyo, we arose the next morning, Towhere he had been engaged in the miji's little twelve-year-old niece liquor business. He had never was in the kitchen reading one of attended a church but once in his our tracts to her great-grandlife, and that occasion apparently mother who was cooking breakfast. left no permanent impression. Strangely enough a friend in the We went to school with our chilsame business at a distant place dren-friends of the previous night, was attacked at about the same and to our great surprise found time as he by the same disease, and that the principal was a former he also had been confined to his friend of mine. He suspended bed for months, during which the classes and in my honor conducted two had been corresponding. The the entire school to the famous suggestion about securing Chris- lighthouse near by. After return- ing to the school, i: spent a happy hour teaching and singing with the children, who were hearing the Gospel for the first time in their lives. Since then a score or more of them have written thanking me and asking for literature.

Children are being born and passing through the primary school -the most important period of their lives – faster than we mis- sionaries can possibly get around to them. The crying need is for more consecrated missionaries who are not afraid of work. I wonder if God is not calling to some of the boys and girls who read this letter to help us to get the Gospel to the boys and girls of Japan!

Alone

The religion of love as taught by Jesus has no philosophical theory of knowledge. It is love put into practice.

Christianity, however, has been weak in the practice of love; and the God of Christianity has, therefore, come to be thought of merely as a symbol-not imparted to man as the God of power and of love. In the society of today true philosophy, true religion, true science, do not yet exist. Men's consciences are benumbed. True religion, philosophy, and science will appear at the moment when love is put into practice. The religion, the science, and the philosophy of the past have been the creations of men of disunited selves,-men marred by defects and incapable of clearly visioning God.

If we would see God, we must first love. When we make a beginning in the life of conscience, we forthwith experience within us the revelation of God. Jesus it was who showed us the first step toward recognition through love. When with this resolve we go forward, we too are enabled to love offenders and folk who are in distress. This is the power which Jesus gives us.

The man who declares that he does not know God, has failed because he does not love. Divesting oneself of conscience and love, declaring that one does not know God, is like covering the eyes and saying that one cannot see.

True recognition of God, of God today, must begin within the conscience. Professor Nashida says, "True life must be discovered in Jesus who as a young man died on the cross." Jesus, too, taught that God forgives even criminals. Love alone recognizes. Just because Jesus lived the life of love, he reached this conclusion.

The reason why we do not as yet truly perceive the nature of God is, after all, simply the sluggishness of our life of concience. In order to know God we must rouse our life of conscience up to far greater activity. He alone who loves is able to see God. For God is Love.

"Love the Law of Life."-Toyohiko Kagawa.

659

CHANGES IN WESTERN

BY THE REV. R. S. ROSEBERRY Oha4.-man oj the French West A/rica Mis8ion of the OhM8Han ami Mi8B/onary Alliance M ARVELOUS changes are sway over a vast territory with taking place in hitherto his capital at Segou. Timbuctu neglected lands. Modern and the buckle of the Niger were commerce crosses mountains, held by the Tourag race. This wild, bridges rivers and opens up inac- ruthless, desert tribe ruled with an cessible wilderness. Great changes iron hand and were finally subdued have come over the lives of people by the French troops under Colonel that have been in seclusion for Bonnier Joffre at Timbuctu in the centuries. This is an age of rapid year 1894. Since that time the change in every sphere. country has been comparatively The Western Sudan is a land safe for commerce and also for mis- which, until recently, was very lit- sions. tle known,' a range of mountains In order to tap the Niger valley, separating the costal plain from the French opened two railways the upper Niger valley and plateau. to the river: one from Dakar to Mungo Park was the first white Bamako, which was completed in man to cross this great divide in 1923 or 1924; the other from the year 1795 and viewed the Niger Conakry to Kankan, completed in River. Others soon followed. 1914. Since then much labor has Major Laing lost his life on the been expended on roads to make outskirts of Timbuctu and Rene them suitable for motor transport. CaiIIe, the Frenchman, was the Bridges have been built and fer- first white man to enter Timbuctu ries, maintained by the governand live to tell the story. He ac- ment, have been placed on the complished his purpose by disguis- smaller rivers. Today one may ing himself as a Mohammedan and travel for thousands of miles and telling the people that he was an reach every place of importance by escaped slave returning to Egypt. motor car. Great cotton planta- He spent fourteen days in Tim- tions, requiring thousands of work- buctu and then crossed the desert men every year, have been opened to Morocco. along the Niger River and are ir- It was not until 1883 that the rigated by immense pumping French were able to occupy an out- plants. The good roads have made post on the Niger River at Bam- it possible for trading companies ako. Here they built a fort and to open up new sections. Twenty- were able to maintain communica- five companies entered one town tions with the coast. The upper in the Upper Volta last year, the Niger valley was overrun by Sam- heart of the native town being torn ory, the great Mohammedan Chief, down to make room for the com- who was overcome and captured mercial buildings. in the year 1898. A vast region The French school system is dohad been devastated by this ruth- ing much to change the life of the less conqueror. On the north an- country. Schools have been opened other Chief, Amadou Sekou, held in the large centers and enroll a 660 large number of pupils every year. of Africa is being molded. What Tribes that have been backward that future shall be depends upon are steadily being awakened by the the Church of Christ. If they recall for education. Vocational ceive the Word of Life and are led schools are training a large num- to depend upon the Lord and His ber every year for mechanics, ma- guidance and power, then the sons, etc. Clinics are maintained church in the Sudan will become a in nearly all the large towns, and vital force in the evangelization of free treatment is given to thou- the many tribes. The missionary sands of patients every year. seeks to uplift Christ and not to Maternity nurses are located in spread a certain creed. One of the some of the centers to give the finest native Christians in the Suneeded help in the homes. dan said, "As I toiled in a forced labor gang I could toil and suffer Unfortunately as the traditional for I had a hope within, but the life of the native is broken up others had nothing to lighten their many are drifting into atheism and hearts and give them hope." free-thinking. The access to French literature will sooner or A nucleus of Christians has been later turn the Mohammedan away won from a number of tribes in from his religion. The pagan from these centers. Coming from the the bush is ashamed of the religion forest country, dressed in rags or of his fathers and is looking for with scarcely any clothing, they besomething to take its place. Now gin at once to take on the ways of is the hour for the evangelization civilization, and soon appear atof these tribes. They are ready tired in full dress and walk up and for the message of hope that will down the streets with a cane. But, give them the larger life. The new roads are, in the providence of God, alas, their hearts are not satisfied. the prepared highway for the Many come to the Christian Gospel messenger to prepare the chapels, hear the message of salvaway for Christ. tion and yield to Christ. At one station men from the Gberesi, the During the last five years pioneer Kissi, the Fula, the Soussou, the mission work has been opened in Senefou, the Bambara and the many great centers of the Western Tomi tribes have accepted Christ. Sudan to give the Gospel to the dif- This is true of the other centers as ferent tribes. The French govern- well. The Lord is calling out from ment does not favor school work all the tongues and languages of by individuals or missions since earth a people for His Name. they have established excellent schools. Mohammedanism has ut- A blind Bobo from the East terly failed to meet the people's walked all the way to Bamako, a need or to lift them from the depths distance of 330 miles, to seek work of sin. The tribes that embrace in that city. Something seemed to Mohammedism often live in as low tell him that he should wait, that a state as when in paganism. Civi- the message would come which lization apart from Christianity would satisfy his heart. One day, also fails to elevate them morally. passing the market place, he heard What they need is Christ's message a strange message proclaimed. It was the message of the Saviour of of redemption. men and told of His return to In these great centers the future earth. This was the message for

which the blind man had waited word to send 400 boys to the school so long. He decided to go home at that was opened at this post. The once so that he would be there wily chief sent back word that he when the Lord came. At last he was willing to send the children arrived home and four days later but that they would not obey him.

a messenger of Christ arrived and If the white man wanted them, proclaimed the message which the they should come and get the chil- blind man recognized at once as dren. While outwardly sUbmitting the same he had heard in Bamako. to the government, in their hearts He became the first Bobo convert they are as untamed as ever. Win and began to help the missionaries these men's friendship and they in the study of the difficult Bobo will hear the Message.

language. At first the people were In Timbuctu a good grammar not friendly but were supicious of and dictionary of the Songhoi lan- their motives in studying the lan- guage, were found. This tribe of guage. The blind man took up the about 400,000 people is located study of the Braille system and, on the Niger. They are a fine after long and patient effort, to his people and very friendly. Two great joy was able to read the points have been opened among Gospel. them, Timbuctu and Gao, and al- Many tribes still wait the mes- ready the first converts have been senger of Light. The great Tourag won for Christ.

tribe on the border of the desert, Timbuctu is not as important as living in tents, moving from place it used to be. The building of a to place to watch their herds of railroad connecting the Niger cattle, have not yet been cared for. River with the coast has taken This will require men who will en- away its importance as a caravan dure hardship, who will be willing terminal and already a good part to suffer privation, to follow His of the town looks like a ruin. The sheep in the desert or wherever rains are rapidly breaking down they may wander. They are fierce, the houses and many of them are untamed warriors, who would not being repaired. Buildings rather kill a man than kill one of have been rented for mission pur- their cattle. Last year the govern- poses that will serve for the work ment was preparing to open a new there indefinitely. The present post between Timbuctu and Gao population numbers only about 8,- on the Niger River when they were 000, though at one time it was as told by the Tourag Chief that he high as 85,000. It was the center would not allow it. The resident of learning two or three hundred was called from Timbuctu to talk years ago, and from this point the the matter over with the chief. Mohammedan faith spread over They were told that the white men the greater part of the upper Niger were like the sand of the desert and basin.

that for every white man they Timbuctu is accessible to the killed it would cost them a thou- traveler from August until Janu- sand Tourags. Furthermore, the ary and the government has a government had so many airplanes weekly passenger service from that they would darken the sun. Koulikoro to the port, Kabara, nine The post was built. The French miles from the capital. Koulikoro government then sent the Chief is connected with the coast by train

GREAT CHANGES IN WESTERN SUDAN

or motor road and efforts are being is their textbook. There is not a made to open another road through man in Bamako that can stand to Timbuctu. against this young evangelist. These young men act on their be- Bamako is the greatest com- lief that the Lord can supply funds mercial center of the Sudan and through His own people to carry probably of all French West Africa, on His work, and they will not with the possible exception of accept money from non-Christians. Dakar. Missionary work was be- Strong, virile, native churches gun there about eight years ago by firmly established in the Word of the Gospel Missionary Union. To- God, with a holy zeal to make day Bamako has a fine independent Christ known, are the hope of the church, the leader of which is a Sudan. Fula, named Demba Daw. A group of young men has been gathered The forces of evil are strongly together and are becoming a real intrenched in these lands of darkforce in the Sudan, not only in ness and only stronghearted men Bamako but in the region round who know the Lord can hope for about. The real strength' of this success there. The divine spark work lies in the fact that they are in man, or hazy, vague ideas of the demonstrating to the people, and atonement will dash in vain to the officials, that they are Chris- against these walls of darkness. tians, not because of white influ- The need of Africa today is for ence, but because they have the men and women who know how to living Word of God. Already prevail with God in prayer. We many of the officials recognize that have an all-powerful Christ, and there is something real in the if we are yielded, joyful agents of movement and are seeking Bibles His grace, we will see light break to study the truth for themselves. forth in the dark places. No man, High officials ask this young Fula or group of men, or force of evil, evangelist for Bibles. An atheist can prevent this great work so has been won to allegiance to the long as Christ lives and sits on the Word through this young man's throne. The Lord Jesus will labors. The man next to the gov- triumph over the powers that hold ernor has received a Bible and is the Sudan in bondage and we must studying the truth, challenge the forces of evil that hold the Mohammedans and the The Bamako church is founded on the Word of God and the Bible pagans in slavery.

I do not believe that the love of God in Christ is a spent force. It is still a mighty power and will be increasingly so if we will only trust and obey our Lord. When the full meaning of His Gospel is made known to the world and men lay hold upon the moral power that is theirs for the asking, then the love of Christ will hecome a power which will challenge the attention and the admiration of men. They will see that the gates of hell cannot prevail against it for it has enabled men to climb out of the degradation of selfishness up to the clear atmosphere and the sunlit hills of unselfishness and helpful service. That moral power is an undiscovered resource in the lives of many men, in the history of many institutions, in the relationships of many peoples and many nations. When that moral power is discovered and used, we will see those who have discovered it plowing deep furrows in the fields of life.-Benjamin F. Farber.

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ON THE ANTI-

CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT* T HE preacher at the Chinese form the world by revolution started service was Mr. Chen, a grad- with China as a favorable place. It uate of the Shantung Chris- began by teaching youth Soviet printian University and Secretary of ciples and a favorite place to do this the Y. M. C. A. at Tsinan. His was in the schools. Among these prinsubject was "What can the Chris- ciples was opposition to Christianity. tian learn from the present Anti- 2. There were local Chinese in- fluences affecting the situation. There Christian Movement in China?" was the claim that the Church was in As a missionary sat beside me China on the basis of unequal treaty and translated the gist of the re- rights and of extra-territoriality. In marks, I include them here from the days of Robert Morrison (1807) my notes, as I think you will be in- it took seven years to secure the first terested to know what a Chinese convert and thirty-five years to win leader has to say on this vital topic. seven. As a result of persecution of Christianity in the early days, foreign At Boxer time Christianity was at- nations forced extra-territoriality on tacked, but since then and until re- China. The Chinese Christians have cently there has been a time of been included, in the eyes of their quietude. In 1922, there was organ- fellow Chinese, as benefiting by extraized in Peking among students an territoriality. So the Church was reattempt to oppose, then to attack garded as a foreign institution. This Christianity. It is an attack by edu- put the Church in a false position. So cated people. They began to have extra-territoriality was attacked. Chicertain slogans to destroy Christian- nese in the United States or in Japan ity. Christmas was a time of especial have to be subject to the laws of these opposition. What is the reason for nations, whereas foreigners in China this? have extra-territoriality rights which 1. From an educational point of China regards as an insult. The Chiview they want to take back the power nese have no control over the action in educational matters which they of foreigners in China. Local officials, claim the Christian Church had as- through fear of foreigners, protected sumed. In 1924, the Nationalist them. Pressure was brought to bear Movement began and brought atten- from Peking to make local and county tion to national problems. They op- officials protect foreigners and Chiposed anything that affected Chinese nese Christians. This was especially independence. China for the Chinese true of Roman Catholics. This power was their slogan. They felt that for- was abused, so that the Catholic eigners were running schools where priests often became as powerful as pupils were being trained in the for- county officials. The priests were apeign point of view. Then there was pealed to by the Roman Catholic the effect of Soviet Russia's attitude Christians in their lawsuits, often retoward religion. The Greek Catholic sulting in a miscarriage of justice. Church was not in sympathy with the This was a serious evil needing cor- Soviet, therefore they opposed Chris- rection and aroused resentment. tianity. This teaching has reached What should be the attitude of China. The Soviet attempt to trans- Christians now toward the opposition • Extract from a letter from the Rev. George directed against them? They should H. Trull. of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign accept the criticism, if it is just, and Missions. New York, written during his visit profit by it. If it Is unjust, they do In Tslnan. ChIna.

664 n'Ot need t'O be c'Oncerned ab'Out it. China, hence the QPp'Onents here say Opp'Onents will pr'Obably c'Ome t'O see that individual Christians alsQ dQ nQt the faults in their criticisms them- have the right attitude. The Church selves, in due time. In the 1925 Anti- must adapt its meth'Ods SQ as to shQW Christian Campaign in Tsinan, the the spirit ()f sacrifice in this day and Christians used the SalvatiQn Army generati'On. The f'Ormer methQd 'Of meth'Od 'Of street preaching and by preaching was Qther-w'Orldliness. N'Ow drums and trumpets tried tQ dr'Own we must preach alsQ abQut impr'Oving the vQices 'Of the 'Opp'OsitiQn. But this the c'OnditiQn 'Of this WQrld. There stirred up bad feeling. are lQts .of unrighteQus conditions in s'Ociety now that need rectifying. This China is nQW in a state 'Of flux and is the Church's Qbligati'On. change in everything. It is in the air. The peQple are hunting the true The Church in China sh'Ould be a road, but part 'Of the time they are 'Off natural cQl'Ored Church, i. e., it sh'Ould the track. Christians sh'Ould be pa- nQt be cQl'Ored white but be indigenous. tient in such a time as this. There The 'West had a fine tree with beauare hQt heads and h'Ot hearts at pres- tiful fl'Owers and good fruit upon it. ent. But a change 'Of attitude 'Of the It is transplanted tQ China, but it is 'Opp'Ositi'On is appearing, as s'Ome heads n'Ot indigen'Ous. The West has atare c'O'Oling 'Off while their hearts are tempted t'O give us f'Oreign fQ'Od with still hQt. A lQt 'Of students have their a dash 'Of Chinese flav'Oring. It shQuld stQmachs full, but the fQ'Od is undi- be primarily Chinese f'OQd with Chigested (a Chinese way 'Of saying that nese flav'Oring. This explains why the students' ideas are immature and there is 'Opp'Ositi'On and what we need ill-digested) . tQ CQunteract it.

The QPPQsitiQn nQW is n'Ot SQ much It is difficult t'O present adequateagainst Christians as against the ly sec'Ond hand thr'Ough an inter- Church. Acc'Ording t'O Christian d'Octrine, self-determinati'On as enunciated preter the exact P'Oint 'Of view 'Of a by the late President WilsQn in his foreign speaker, and I trust I have Fourteen PQints, is recQgnized as just, but n'O nation is putting this intQ prac- n'Ot misrepresented him. We may tice. The spirit 'Of self-sacrifice in the n'Ot all agree with everything in Church is nQt always recQgnized by QPp'Onents. G'Overnments have n'Ot the statement, but it is f'O'Od for used a Christian attitude tQward th'Ought, and he held well the at- tenti'On 'Of his audience.

"I have I'Ooked the wh'Ole planet 'Over, and I see n'O man but Jesus 'Only wh'O is able t'O take away the sin 'Of the W'Orld. I have sat at the feet 'Of the world's crowned religi'Ous leaders, and I have seen all the great religi'Ons in their h'Omes, and I n'Ow kn'Ow that it is Christ or n'Obody. He has n'O competitor in the field. N'O one else has the slightest chance of winning the homage 'Of the entire human race. M'Ore and more He is to me what He was to Saul of Tarsus-'the image 'Of the invisible G'Od.' More and more He is t'O me what He was t'O John the Beloved-'G'Od made manifest in the flesh.' M'Ore and more He is t'O me what He Himself claimed t'O be, the eternal Son 'Of the I'Oving G'Od. To kn'OW Him is indeed life eternal. T'O w'Ork with Him in estabHshing on this earth the kingdom 'Of righte'Ousness and peace and j'Oy, this is what makes my life more and more w'Orth living."-The Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, D.D.

OF MRS. JOHN S

T HE death of Mrs. John S. a far more lavish scale. They made Kennedy, of New York, July princely benefactions to a wide 23, has brought widespread variety of good causes. They sorrow. She was a great Chris- deemed their money a sacred trust tian philanthropist. Many schools, to be used for the benefit of their colleges, hospitals, charitable agen- fellowmen and the advancement of the cause of Christ and they found their greatest joy in doing good with it.

Their wedded life was ideally happy and when their fiftieth wed- ding anniversary was celebrated in 1908 she was delighted when he signalized the day by a gift of a million dollars to the Presbyterian Hospital in New York. When he died in 1909, his will bequeathed many millions of dollars to good causes, six millions being divided between the Presbyterian Boards of Home and Foreign Missions, New York.

After her husband's death, Mrs.

Kennedy continued to give liberally to the causes in which she had long lIRS. JOHN S. KENNEDY been interested. Her mail was at the age of 95, in the academic cap and heavy with appeals, but she read ~own In wblch she received the del;l°ee of everyone and personally answered lfaster of Humane Letters from New York all that were worthy. Her checks University in recognition of her numerous went out in a daily stream, and philanthropies.

cies, missionary boards and Iit- with no publicity so that only a erally thousands of Christian few of her intimate friends knew workers at home and abroad have how much she was doing. When reason to remember her with her eyesight became so impaired gratitude. that she was no longer able to read She was born August 18, 1833, books, she said, "I am so glad I in Elizabeth, New Jersey, the can still sign checks."

daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius Mrs. Kennedy was a noble wom- Baker. October 14, 1858, she mar- an in every way, distinguished in ried Mr. John Stewart Kennedy, appearance, charming in person- then a rising young banker in New ality, warm in sympathy, widely York. Wealth soon came, and in read in general and particularly time reached large proportions. in religious and missionary litera- But the husband and wife had no ture, and clear and unwavering in thought of spending it upon them- her Christian faith. She was a de- selves. Families whose income voted member of the Fifth Avenue was much less than theirs lived on Presbyterian C h u r c h of New 666 York. While her philanthropies did almost as much more. It may be were widely varied and included said that the sun never sets on the many charitable and missionary territory of her beneficent interest. objects in America, her special in- She knew hundreds of missionaries by terest was in Foreign Missions. name, and kept up her communication She regularly attended the meet- with them and their families to the ings of the Women's Missionary very last days of her remarkable life. Society, and made many gifts to She combined democratic simplicity the Board and to its missionaries. with queenly dignity.

This community has reason to re- She was a generous friend of THE member the great civic contributions MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in money and public service of her and the largest regular donor to its husband when he sat "among the Maintenance Fund. elders of the land"; but of her also it may be said that "her own works A remarkable editorial in the praise her in the gates." New Yark Times of July 28 in- cluded the following: She enjoyed remarkable health The benefactions of the American and vigor until a short time before banker and philanthropist, John S. her death. The end of her earthly Kennedy, born in Scotland just a hun- life came painlessly and peacefully dred years ago, did not cease with his at her summer home in Bar Har- death. Mrs. Kennedy had with re- bor, Maine, within less than a markable sagacity and public spirit month of her ninety-seventh birthadministered what was left in her day. While we sorrow that such a hands. It is said that she made use beautiful and wonderful earthly of no secondary agencies of distribu- life has ended, we rejoice in all that tion, but gave personal attention to all she was and all that she did for her varied interests, writing her own God and humanity. Her long life letters, even learning to use a type- was extraordinary not only in writer after she was 90 years of age that she might do so. length but in richness of fruitage.

She did not merely "reach forth her There is scarcely a country in the hands to the needy," generous though world to which the news of her she was in relief. She gave, for the death has not brought sorrow. greater part, in support of institu- Many home missionaries and other Christian workers in America, and tions and causes devoted to the im- many lonely foreign missionaries provement and strengthening of the in far-distant lands, cherish letters spiritual life of the world. And she from her with sympathetic, engave herself with her gifts, going in couraging words and checks which helped them over some emergency some instances to remote places in order to see for herself the needs and the manner in which the work was being conducted. And wherever she in their work or some personal ill- went schools and missions flourished, ness or bereavement in their famfor her interest was as the dew of ilies. Hundreds of young people Hermon. could speak of the aid that she gave them in getting an education To Foreign Missions she and her which otherwise might have been husband gave upward of ten million beyond their reach. God gave her dollars. They together, it was found much, and she used it as a trust some years ago, had built fifty resi- for Him. When left the earth, dences, ten boys' schools, twelve girls' surely "all the trumpets sounded schools, six hospitals, ten churches, for 'her' on the other side." A. J. B.

besides houses, presses and scores of mission compounds. But she alone

WORK IN MISSIONS

INTERRACIAL RELATIONS BY THE REV. J. J. CLOPTON, Lexington, Kentucky T HERE are t h r e e notable ordained a deacon and sent by pieces of constructive work Bishop Whittle of the Diocese of for the Negro in the South. Virginia, as a missionary to the One is the Armstrong School for Negroes in Brunswick and Meck- Negroes, at Hampton, Virginia. lenburg Counties in the "Black The second is the work of Booker Belt" of that State. He had no as- T. Washington at Tuskegee, Ala- sets, and his first work was to barna. And the last is St. Paul's build a chapel, which he accom- Normal and Industrial School at plished by the aid of white friends. Lawrenceville, Virginia, founded He opened a school January 1, and nurtured to stalwart manhood 1883, in part of the church buildby the Rev. James Solomon Russell. ing and taught himself with his Both Washington and Russell were devoted and capable wife and one slaves, and were educated at assistant. The work grew, and a Hampton. Both have done endur- new building became necessary.

ing and splendid work for their Through the generosity of the Rev. race. One had the backing of the James Saul, a three-room building whole country; the other largely was erected known as the "Saul of his Church. Russell's work de- Building," and this was the first serves to be more widely known of the buildings of the school.

for he has made it a great moral The vision of Russell was a force with religion an integral school that would train the heart part of it. by religion, the mind by Qooks, and When the Civil War closed, Rus- the hand by trade. An opportunity sell was an ignorant little slave occurred to carry out his vision, boy. He had a great desire to matured by prayer and practical learn. He lived in what is known needs. He did not have a penny as the Black Belt of Virginia, to buy what he saw was a great Mecklenburg County. Encouraged opportunity, a plot of land of over by his mother, he worked diIi- three acres. He went to the owner gently, and mastered all available and offered to buy the land and knowledge in the rude country give his notes. The offer was acschool. He entered Hampton In- cepted. With equal faith, he con- stitute, and after a time left it to tracted for buildings and material teach. He then returned to Hamp- with not a dollar in hand or ton and graduated. His eyes pledged. The purchase was made turned to the ministry. A copy in July, 1888, and work on the of the Prayer Book of the Prot- buildings started the same month. estant Episcopal Church fell into September 24, 1888, the Normal his hands, and after diligent study School was opened with three of it he decided to enter that teachers and less than a dozen Church as a minister. He entered scholars. the Theological School in Peters- Year by year, under the able burg, Virginia, and in 1882 was and consecrated efforts of Mr. Rus- 668 sell, the work has grown. The and paid taxes on property as- school at this time embraces a sessed at $750,000.

farm of 1,600 acres, 36 buildings, A law-aQiding colored popula- a faculty of 50 members, and a tion has been built up, unsur- student body of 800. All of the passed in any part of the country, buildings have been erected by the and an inter-racial feeling, like- students, with the exception of the wise unsurpassed. No graduate of steel work in one of the buildings. St. Paul's has ever been cited be- Many of the buildings are memori- fore a court, and many of the als given by both northern and homes and barns of the white com- southern friends. The graduates munity have been built by pupils number 1,000 and 10,000 have been of St. Paul's.

undergraduates-. The value of the An editorial in the Richmond property is $400,000. News-Leader, included the follow- The school now embraces a fully ing remarkable tribute: accredited high school, a funy ac- When the pessimist becomes intolercredited State Normal for training able in his talk about the race probteachers, a School of Agriculture, lem, buy him a ticket to Lawrenceand a Trade School that offers four ville, Virginia, and tell him to inspect trades for girls and a choice of St. Paul's Normal and Industrial sixteen for boys. Its graduates School. Because they will work at come from half the states of the any honest job, the students of St.

Union. With all its growth it has Paul's have the goodwill of the whole kept its essential character as a community. Perhaps there is a religious or parish school, so much stronger reason for this than the atso that it is referred to as the mosphere of hard work and goodwill. greatest parish school in the coun- The spirit has its origin in the head try. A great company has gone of the School, that very remarkable forth as teachers, ministers, physicians and skilled mechanics, a con- man – Archdeacon James S. Russell. He brings Christianity, common sense, and racial understanding with labor structive force whose power is felt in equal components. He is accom- over the whole of the United plishing a notable service for the States. Negro in the South, and he and his A part of Mr. Russell's work for School deserve the support that will enable them to meet the opportunity a number of years has been a that opens more widely to St. Paul's "Farmers' Conference" for the col- the longer its gates are open. ored farmers of the community.

Its beneficent influence outside of After forty-eight years of inde- the schoolroom has been evidenced fatigable labor, Archdeacon Rus- by the disappearance of one room sell recently resigned the principal- cabins, the development of neat ship and became Principal Emeri- homes, and the acquisition by Ne- tus with salary continued. His groes of thousands of acres of son, the Rev. James Alvin Russell, farm land. A recent report showed succeeds his venerable father and that Negroes in that community is qualified in every way to carry owned over 54,000 acres of land, the school to greater success.

SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS OF WORLD

BY ESTHER BOWMAN, Elmira College T HE mission field has always Dr. Scudder, the first of the three attracted many graduates of generations of Scudders who en- Elmira, the first college for riched India by their lives, whose women, founded in 1855, at EI- setting forth of its needs so mira, New York. Nearly every gripped me then as a young Chris- class since its opening has sent at tian, and whose unique way of least one missionary to the home clinching his appeals by having us or foreign field. Most of the in- sign a pledge either to go or to formation concerning the earliest give for India so moved me that I missionaries is the result of the never got away from it.

efforts of Mrs. Louise Parsons Ab- However, an old suitor felt sure bey, '72, a missionary herself for that he could not get along with- many years in China and Turkey. out me; so until his death I helped Recently, Miss Ernestine French, him, and then, on his deathbed, he Alumnae Secretary at Elmira, re- renewed the call, knowing my ceived from Mrs. Abbey a letter in heart had been in India. I said, which were enclosed excerpts from 'What! at my age?' 'Yes, you've a messages received by her during long life before you.' Hence, at the past five years from Elmira's sixty-four, finding that my services missionaries. About six years ago, would be acceptable at Pandita Mrs. Abbey wrote, she began send- Ramabai's mission, a missionary ing letters to all the missionaries whom I had met twenty-five years she knew or had heard of, asking before in Syracuse, N. Y., I went them for information concerning out at her invitation, bearing my their own work and that of other own expenses. I was with her five Elmira graduates in the mission months, helped her translate the field. four Gospels from the Latin for In the seventy-five years of its her Marathi New Testament. I history, 47 girls have gone out to also had charge of the training de- represent Elmira in nearly every partment of Bethel Evangelists.

part of the world. Forty have been Then duty called me to a near-by sent to the foreign fields-China small city in much need of a teach- and Turkey especially, but Elmira er, and for nine months I carried missionaries have worked in Ha- on a select school with 34 interest- waii, Japan, Africa, India, Persia, ing native and English pupils. The Syria, Korea, Egypt, South and requirements were also to superin- Central America. Seven have been tend Sunday-school, which I did engaged in home missionary work gladly. Finally, securing a govern- in the United States. ment grant which would reduce The earliest graduate to become rates for them, I closed after four a missionary was Mrs. Margaret months' evangelistic work, mainly Dobbin Church, '67, who was sent among soldiers, helping 45 prepare to India. In her reply to Mrs. Ab- for death, in cooperation with a bey, she said, "My call to India missionary and his wife, when they came when I was fifteen, through were called to the front. But I 670 was held in Jansi for general evan- she stretched out a hand of love gelistic work. As the World War and opened the Ming Sam School.

began, however, advices general Now more than 300 have been res- called me home in 1914. I was cued, and SO have been graduated.

sorry to leave under such sad cir- Her love is like the love of a par- cumstances, but I am glad I went, ent, a teacher, and a friend. We and hope to be counted a link in could not accomplish in ninety the world round chain of volun- years what she has done in forty- teers." five."

Three more Elmira girls went The second graduate to work in to India. Joan B. Van der Spek, China was Mrs. Abbey, '72, who ex. '27, now living in Oxford, Eng- has compiled much of the informa- land, was sent by the American tion about the missionaries. She Congregational Board of Missions, did her work in Soochow and Nan- and Ethel Nichols, '18, went to king, but has not mentioned just Guahati, Assam. Mrs. Ida Walker what her work was.

Merrill, '22, is another representa- Of the six other "Elmirans" in tive, who went first for three years, China, messages were received and now has just returned to India from four. Two were from the with her husband after a furlough. graduates of '07. The first is from The classt)s from '70 to '80 gave Mrs. He1en Harshaw Gold, who seven more missionaries. Turkey says: "I did not realize that there and China each received two, Per- were so many Elmira girls on the sia, Syria, and the United States mission field. Elmira College was each one. Of those in China, Dr. the source of my first inclination Mary Niles, '75 has served the toward the work of the Y. W. C.

longest. She has been for forty- A. as a career, and my first intro- six years, in Canton. Her work in duction into that organization was the School for the Blind was very when I helped paper the room practical. She translated a text- which was then used for the Asso- book on obstetrics into Chinese, re- ciation. Well do I remember the vised and enlarged Dr. John G. stiffness of my neck following the Kerr's textbook in Chinese, pre- putting of paper on the ceiling. I pared a primer in Cantonese pho- had always had a desire to do mis- netics, established the first school sionary work, and when I found a for the blind, and later founded niche where I thought I might fit three other similar schools. In Oc- in, I embarked for Foochow, tober, the School for the Blind cele- China, in 1915, under the Foreign brated the forty-fifth anniversary Department of the Y. W. C. A.

of her arrival in China. The fol- Foochow had been waiting some lowing tribute was paid her by the time for the organization of the principal, Miss Chan: "Dr. Niles's Association. After spending two first purpose in coming to China years in the pursuit of the Chinese was to seek the salvation of souls. language, I was partially ready to She healed many sick and always begin active service, and we or- told them of the Saviour who came ganized the Association in 1918.

to die for them. When she saw the People are the same the world blind who could not be cured and over, and it is astonishing how like those for whom there seemed no American ones are the problems in salvation for either body or soul, China. Yet there are some that

are peculiar, one of them being Rose Hiller Talman, whom Helen that of trying to get your ideas Harshaw Gold met at the picnic described above. She is now at across by means of a vehicle of home on account of the health of expression in which you are not her children. She writes, "I had very expert. The joy of beginning the pleasure of going back on the a new work like that of the Asso- same steamer with Dr. Niles when ciation is the very close and inti- we returned five years ago. We mate contact with the finest of belong to the Amoy Dutch Re- Chinese womanhood, and the formed Mission here." friendships that result therefrom. In 1919, I was married to Mr. Gold, The latest representative from a Y. M. C. A. secretary. After this, my work became volunteer. Be- Elmira in China is Clara Tingley, cause of the interdenominational '29, from whom Mrs. Abbey also character of the "Y," I had the joy heard. It is interesting to note of working, not only in the "Y. W.," but also in the different mis- that she has gone to the very work sions in Foochow. At one time I which Dr. Niles has just laid down was helping in the English Episcopal Girls' School, the Methodist in the Ming Sam School for the Institutional Church, and the Blind. Miss Tingley says, "I often American Board School for Girls. Contacts were increased, and think of Elmira and the dear friendships formed in that way. friends and the good times. I wish I might bring every Elmira girl "My contacts with Elmira folks in China were limited. Rachel out here and show her the need. Brooks of my own class, I saw It is almost staggering. The only once. She was with the Associa- schools which amount to anything tion in the National Office in are the mission schools; but they Shanghai. One night in Kuliang, need so many more of them. The our summer resort, we were" hav- masses of the people have not even ing a picnic and someone suggested been touched by educatiOlJ1. At that we go around the circle and present I am studying the langive the name of our Alma Mater. guage two hours a day, and spend Much to my surprise, someone the rest of the day doing secretarisaid, "Elmira College." I was so al work. The language is very inastonished that I said, "So am 1." teresting but quite difficult. One That one was Mrs. Rose Hiller almost has to be a good singer to Talman, '13." learn it, and I am not that. How- ever I struggle along with my Of her work in China, Rachel tones and hope to get the right one Brooks, '07, says practically noth- some day." ing. She went out in 1920 to Shanghai, where she did Y. W. C. Next to China in number of mis- A. work. For a few months she sionaries comes Turkey. Elmira was at Ginling College, Nanking, has given eight to this country. where she met Ruth Chester, who The earliest was Mrs. Emma Spenhad been a professor at Elmira in cer Hubbard, ex. '75, who worked 1916-17. at Sivas, Asia Minor. The classes of '90, '91, and '97, and '22, each The third "Elmiran" from furnished one; of '19, two. It was whom Mrs. Abbey heard was Mrs. in memory of Mrs. Caroline San- borne Adkins, '19, that new hym- nals were presented to the College,

THE JAPANESE STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION

each one of which has a bookplate Pennsylvania, New York and Okwith Mrs. Adkins' picture. lahoma. All have been graduated since the opening of the twentieth Of the missionaries in Persia, Century. the best known to present Elmira students is Lois Elder, supported From Elizabeth Bodle, '04, in by the College. Sent in 1927 for Guatemala, comes a plea for Spanthree years, she returned home on ish students trained in Gospel furlough this June, an event for work. "The Central American which the College eagerly waited. Mission is evangelistic in its ef- forts, simple in its management Another missionary with whom and aggressive in its spirit. I have the College is well acquainted is been teaching Spanish at Kings- Dr. Caroline Lawrence, '91, physi- wood and Frankfort Colleges. I cian of the College but at present do hope that Elmira's Spanish deon leave of absence. Dr. Lawrence partment is training for Gospel was for twelve years a missionary work in our Southwest. We must in Egypt, where she built up a give them the Word!" clinic, outpractice, and a hospital for women and children at Tata. Every message sent to Mrs. Ab- bey expressed an earnest desire to Little is known of the workers be present at the seventy-fifth anin other countries. Nearly all in niversary of the founding of El- South or North America are in Y. mira College, and, as many have W. C. A. work or are sent out by arranged to have their furloughs some mission board. There are this year, there should be a gather- Elmira graduates in Guatemala, ing of many of Elmira's 47 mis- Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Labra- sionaries. dor, North Carolina, Virginia, THE JAPANESE STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BY GEORGE IWASHITA President Of the Association I N SUCH a world of hetero- tivation of better understanding geneous cultural and econom- between America and Japan. The ical mixture every effort to Japanese Students' Christian Asstrengthen the ties of international sociation in North America was friendship is worthy of notice and organized in 1924, among other encouragement. The J. S. C. A. things, to utilize this opportunity plays a good part in this universal of exchanging the best of America program as an organ of such pro- and the best of Japan, especially motion. through Christian fellowship and cooperation. Today there are over There are 1,500 Japanese stu- twenty-five chapters all over the dents now studying in American country. colleges and universities. These potential "ambassadors of friend- The Association is the only ship" and future leaders of Japan Christian Japanese organization of occupy strategic positions of im- its kind which is national in scope. measurable importance in the cul- It has passed its incipient stages 3

and is now in its formative period, and study tours, mail service, in- requiring administrative skill and troducing students to American sound judgment. Ever since its homes, finding rooms, employment, organization, it has maintained the purchasing, counsel in personal highest spirit of service for the and religious problems, etc.; con- welfare of Japanese students in ferences and conventions, cooper- America, and it has done much to ating with 25 local chapters in convenience the life of Japanese large student centers; a central Christian leaders-to-be. office to carryon the above and Six years ago, when our prede- other miscellaneous activities of cessors founded this organization, the J. S. C. A.

it was merely to be an experiment Though there is danger of its toward the promotion of interna- passing inadvertently into a com· tional friendship through Chris- placent institution of a common- tian fellowship and cooperation. place routine mechanism, there is Today, the J. S. C. A. is a proven evident a sufficient spirit of adven- institution, serving hundreds of ture, supplemented by an inspired Christian Japanese stu den t s courage, to keep it supplied with throughout the United States, Can- energetic human resources in order ada and Hawaii through its several to serve more fully the Japanese activities as outlined below. students in America. The move- The activities of the Association ment passes continually through include a student bulletin, a a process of development and it is monthly organ, 3,000 copies of at a stage now when it requires the which are distributed free to all sympathetic understanding and Japanese stu den t s and their support from our friends.

friends in America and in Japan; Enthusiasm may run high, hopes student directory, listing all Jap- may soar, and dreams may form anese students in the institutions effulgent rainbows at the end of of higher learning in North Amer- the trail; but they will drift away ica; pamphlets; a circulating into the thin air of emptiness un- library; a press room, to help J ap- less some of them are empirically anese students in purchasing books tested in the daily office work of at considerable saving; secretarial our national office. Nearly all our visitation trips to strengthen the work is made possible through the J. S. C. A. movement, help Jap- voluntary gifts of our friends. The anese students in their various J. S. C. A. movement, in fact, has problems, and to speak before been successful so far through American audiences and cultivate their generous support, and we are better American-Japanese under- confident that the work will be standing; practical services such carried on with their continued as information on colleges and uni- cooperation and financial assist- versities, schedules for traveling ance.

PRAYER "Beloved Master, who has said, 'Blessed are the pure in hf'urt, for th<,y shall s('e Gort,' cleanse our bearts from the defilement of physical df'sirt". V(' would rise with Thpe and gain those things which are above th(>se bodies of the earth. We st'ek thi" of'unty of thy face and the loveliness of thy soul. 'Ve know that only as WP are purified from phYSIcal desire can we see God, that God is dimmed a.fi(l unreal to lIS whf'n our h('nrts ure unholy. Dear Master, we would know Thee in the full power of thy Rf'folnrrection. CI('anAe us from all unworthiness, that we Ulay see Thee as thou art. Amen."-From "H-i1J G~OriOU8' Borly," by Robert Norwood.

OF SIMON

T HE report of this Commis- pletely abolish the "dyarchy" form of sion, which was appointed by government, which was tentatively the British Government in set up in India, but would substitute for it ·stronger provincial Legislatures 1927 to study conditions in India, and a central Legislature having broad was awaited with keen interest powers of law-making for all India, not only in India and Great Britain and creating, in effect, a Federated hut throughout the civilized world. India. The report has now been published in two bulky volumes. We assume Inevitably, certain powers are rethat comparatively few of our served to the British Government, or to the Governor-General in India. readers will have access to these National defense is not to be turned volumes and yet that all desire to over to native hands. In fact, they know their general character. In do not desire it. Even the party in India which demands immediate inview of the bearing of the subject dependence has been willing to leave upon conditions which affect mis- the military power under the control sionary work in the great mission of Great Britain. In a similar way, field of India, perhaps we can do the foreign relations of the new Inno better than to cite the editorial dian Government are to be conducted on the subject in the New York from London. Nor shall the central Times of June 24th as follows: Legislature have power to enact meas- The second and substantive part of ures affecting "the religion or reli- the Simon report on India is made gious rites and usages of any class of public today. It comprises more than British subjects in India." It cannot 300 printed pages and can for the repeal or amend any act of a local moment be dealt with only in sum- Legislature, nor any act or ordinance mary fashion. From the beginning, made by the Governor-General. These it is evident that the commissioners are serious limitations, and doubtless approached their heavy and compli- will be, at first, rejected with scorn by cated task with kindly recognition of the advocates in India of full domin- the aspirations of the people of India. ion status. But some of the restric- In the very forefront they speak as if tions, at any rate, are necessary in their marching orders were: "The order to safeguard the rights of solemn pledge of the British people minorities in India, and also to pre- with regard to the progressive realiza- vent the provincial Legislatures from tion of responsible government in being overriden by the central legis- British India." Yet in the text of lative power.

the act under which the Simon Com- It is interesting to note that Burma mission was appointed, it was stated is to be left entirely out of the new that its functions would be to "ex- governmental scheme. The report tend, modify, or restrict" the experi- states that it is not really a part of ment in self-government which has India and was included in it only by been going on ever since the India act a sort of "historical accident." Spe- of 1919. Accordingly. the Simon cial provisions are also to be made for Commission was legally empowered, the government of the Northwest if it saw fit, to recommend withdraw- Provinces. On every page of the re- ing a certain degree of the home rule port appears evidence of the scru- which had been granted to India. pulous care and the heavy sense of But nothing of that tenor appears in responsibility with which the com- the report. It would .indeed com- missioners set about their work. They 675

hope that it need not be repeated. civil service and police still remain Very sensibly they point out the under complete control of the Secreanomaly and misfortune of pulling up tary of State for India. Provincial the Constitution of India by the roots autonomy is given, it is true, accordevery ten years to see how it is grow- ing to the views generally expressed, ing. Far better would it be to leave but while it is given to the country it alone for its natural development. with one hand, the increased powers of overriding granted to the Pro- In conclusion the Simon report vincial Governors withdraw it with states that it makes no reference to the other. recent events in India, since before they occurred the recommendations That the army ,should cease even now made had been arrived at unani- to rely on the Legislature for indorsemously. The commissioners declare ment of its estimates and should bethat they feel it needful to "look be- come entirely independent of Indian yond particular incidents and to take Government control is a third objeca longer view." They express the tion. That the power of the purse hope that whatever the verdict of should not be vested in the Provinces "our Indian fellow-subjects" may be is held out as another objection which on the proposals of the report, at least cannot be surmounted. it will be admitted that they have been put forWard in a "spirit of gen- The report must remain boycotted uine sympathy." No impartial reader by the Nationalist movement, in the of the whole report can doubt that opinion of the Pandit Motilal Nehru, this is true. Acting President of the Nationalist Congress and the active leader of the A later dispatch from Bombay movement. "We simply shall not pay to the New York Times says: the slightest heed to it," he said to- day, while asserting he had not yet The long-heralded Simon Commis- read it. "It is an ample vindication sion recommendations are universally of the boycott placed by our Congress rejected in British India. The opin- people on the Commission." ions expressed range from indignation at what is described as "this It would be futile to attempt to latest insult to the motherland" to forecast what may follow. The views of the more moderate elements agitation is likely to be long conof Liberals, Nationalists and Moslems, tinued. Missionaries in India are who counsel patience with a view to in a position of great delicacy and the approaching round table confer- difficulty. Never has there been a ence, urging in the meanwhile that the time when the followers of Christ report should be simply ignored. more needed to heed the exhorta- tion of Christ,"Be ye therefore The denunciation of the recom- wise as serpents, and harmless as mendations is based for the most part doves." on four points. The most important of these is the fact that the Indian FIGHT CANCER WITH KNOWLEDGE BY MRS. ELLA H. RIGNEY Of the American Society for the aootraj Of aancer T HE great unsolved problem approach is being used. Cancer is of the medical world is the becoming more and more a men- cause and cure of cancer. The ace, partly of course because more keenest minds in the profession are people are living to the age when concerned, and every method of it most often occurs. In India, for

A NOTABLE UNDERTAKING

instance, where the average length the places where it can be obtained. of life is only 26 years, cancer is It is this task which has been un- less frequent than in America dertaken by l'he American Society where the average is much longer. for the Control of Cancer. Educa- Long observation has proved that, tional work is carried on by means although the disease sometimes oc- of lectures, radio talks, moving pic- curs in young people, it is much tures, pamphlets, newspaper and more frequent after the age of 35. magazine articles, advertisements in magazines, outdoor advertising, One of the greatest obstacles in and cards in street cars. The chief the control of cancer is the pop- function of the society is to put ular belief that the disease is before the public the results of incurable. This prevents many chemical and laboratory stUdies, people from admitting even to all of which point to the fact that themselves that symptoms may early recognition and prompt and mean the beginning of a cancer and proper treatment offer the best from seeking competent advice chance for arresting the disease. when its presence can no longer be It has adopted for its slogan the hia<1en. Untreated or improperly phrase – "Fight Cancer with treated cancer is, it is true, always Knowledge," and its message has fatal; but is is not an incurable well been called a message of hope. disease. In many cases, when prop- er treatment has been begun at an In all its work it has the most cor- early stage, growth is arrested. dial cooperation of hospitals. The The popular belief that cancer office of The New York Committee is incurable must therefore be ov- of the Society is at 34 East 75th • ercome so that patients will seek Street, New York, and requests re- physicians earlier in the course of ceived there have prompt response. the disease. This can be done only Pamphlets are sent free of charge, through education of the public, and persons desiring diagnosis and placing the facts before it in sim- treatment and unable to afford a ple, untechnical language, com- private physician are referred to a bined with information as to what suitable hospital with a card of in- constitutes proper treatment and troduction.

A NOTABLE UNDERTAKING Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry its principles and policies, and if there are any weaknesses or errors For some weeks a group of lay- they would like to have these men have been working, on their brought to light for their own sake own initiative, upon a project for as supporters of the enterprise and a study of foreign missionary also for the sake of the movement work. Their attitude and pur- itself. pose are wholly sympathetic. They have in mind doing something that The undertaking is a spontamay help to give the foreign mis- neous and independent movement, sionary enterprise a new impetus. acting with the full knowledge and At the same time they want to approval of the Boards. The folmake any contribution they can lowing statements have been predirectly or indirectly toward pared by the Executive Committee strengthening the undertaking in of the Inquiry.

Communication to the Missions explain the Inquiry to leading mem- A group of lay men and women rep- bers of the churches so as to avoid misconceptions, and to ensure readier resenting tEhepisBcaopptailsta, nCdoPnrgersebgyattieorniaal~ response by the pastors, teachers and Methodist other workers who may later be con- sulted by the inquirers. denominations, and deeply interested in the foreign mission Boards of their churches, have offered to make pos- Details of the Plan sible a study to be undertaken in a constructive spirit, of the work, prob- On May 28, 1930, four groups, each lems and opportunities of the missionary enterprise in Japan, China and consisting of five lay men and women, India, including Burma, without expense to the Boards. The group is c?nnected respectively with the Bapcomposed of committees of five from each denomination, appointed by the tIst, Congregational, Methodist and laymen themselves, but in each instance with the full knowledge and ap- Presbyterian churches, formed themproval of the Boards. ,selves into a Committee to sponsor the The study is to be called the Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry. Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry The fact-fi'nding has been entrusted which is described below. While these to the Institute of Social and Religious Research, whose studies of the four groups were self-appointed, their Church and of Home and Foreign Missions (for example, The World common purpose was fully known and Missionary Atlas), have set a high standard. The directors of the Insti- approved by their denominational fortute are Dr. John R. Mott, President; Professor Paul Monroe, Recording eign mission societies. Secretary; Dr. Trevor Arnett, Treasurer; Dr. James L. Barton, Dr. Ken- The Committee, at its second meetyon L. Butterfield, Bishop Francis J. McConnell, President Ernest H. Wil- ing, June 12, adopted the substance of kins. The Executive Secretary is Mr. Galen M. Fisher, who is to be the gen- the following statement, but June 25, eral director of the fact-finding process. The fact-finding staff will be when the officers of the Committee met composed in part of persons experienced in methods of research sent with the executive secretaries of seven from the United States and in part of persons resident in the field. of the mission Boards, the definition The appraisal is to be made by a of the Purpose was amplified and sevcommission of eminent Christian men eral suggestions were made regarding the problems to be explored. _ At this date only the four denomi- national groups above mentioned have been fully constituted, but laymen in the United Presbyterian Church, the Reformed Church in the U. S., the Episcopal Church, and the Reformed Church in America have been invited to form similar groups.

The Executive Committee of the sponsoring Committee consists of Al- bert L. Scott, Chairman; James M.

Speers, Treasurer; Frank E. Bar- rows, Secretary; Frank A. Horne Franklin A. Warner. '

and women well versed in the church I. PURPOSE and evangelism, education, women's . The general purpose of the Inquiry work, medicine, sociology, and eco- IS to make a comprehensive, objective nomics. and penetrating appraisal of Foreign The exact methods of cooperation Missions, primarily as represented by members of the Mission will be ex- by the participating denominational plained in due time by the Director of groups in order the fact-finding staff, but it might ex- 1. To aid Christian leaders in ex- pedite matters if the Secretary of p~nd!ng, readjusting or recasting the each Mission and one or two other mIssIonary enterprise, so that it will members were appointed to give such result in making Jesus Christ more special help and counsel as may be widely and more fully known, loved called for. It would also be well to and obeyed, and will minister more

adequately to the needs of mankind in data assembled by the technical staffs accordance with His purpose and and of their own observations, inideals; and quiries and experience.

2. To aid laymen in intelligently de- There will be a general director for termining their attitude and discharg- the fact-finding study and associate ing their responsibility toward For- directors as may be required for the eign Missions. individual fields.

II. SCOPE By adopting uniform procedures and instruments for the core of the For the present, the Inquiry abroad study in all the fields it is expected will be limited to Japan, China and that much of the corresponding data India, including Burma. Data will be will be comparable and that they will gathered regarding (1) the condi- point to some signi1icant general contions of life and thought in those clusions. The plan, methodology and countries and (2) the history, achieve- presentations of data will be checked ments, aims, policies, personnel and by the Institute staff according to activities of the missionary bodies usual procedure. concerned and of the related agencies in those fields. Attention will be VI. FACT-FINDING given to both current conditions, and The Institute of Social and Relito trends during recent decades. gious Research has been engaged to III. PROBLEMS TO BE EXPLORED conduct the fact-finding and to pre- pare the results for the use of the The range of the problems to be ex- Appraisal Commission. plored is implied in the statements of Purpose and Scope. Several specific VII. SCHEDULE problems have been suggested by the It is expected that the entire In- Laymen's Committee, by the Secretaries ~f the Mission Boards, by mis- quiry will require between two and a sionaries on furlough, and by other half and three years, divided among qualified persons. To these others preliminary preparations, fact-finding, will doubtless be added as the result appraisal, and preparation of findings. of ·suggestions in the field as the In- The fact-finding is to be done during quiry proceeds. It should be said, 1930-31 and the appraisal during however, that within the short period 1931-32. allowed for the fact-finding it will obviously be necessary to focus attention VIII. RELATIONS WITH BOARDS AND on a few major problems. MISSIONS IV. DATA The Boards concerned have ex- Full use will be made of the exten- pressed full approval of the Inquiry, sive data recently assembled in other in view of the values which they anprojects, but much additional fact- ticipate will be realized for the Boards finding will be necessary. Coordina- and for the missions in each field. tion will be effected with the studies projected by the International Mis- The executive officers of each of the sionary Council and the various Na- Boards concerned will write a letter tiona! Christian Councils. to the various missions requesting their hearty collaboration and enclos- V. STAGES AND PROCEDURE ing a copy of this statement.

The study will consist of two major IX. BUDGET stages, (1) fact-finding by technical The Inquiry will be conducted withstaffs, and (2) appraisal by an Appraisal Commission of eminent per- ~ut expense to the mission Boards, sons who will visit the fields and ar- the cost of the fact-finding being rive at judgments on the basis of the borne by the Institute of Social and Religious Research and the cost of the Appraisal Commission, and all other expenses being borne by the Laymen's Committee.

Economy gain and called only 50,000

killed the rest.' The unemployment situation continues to be serious. Its effects upon "Fear is injuring business today to home and foreign missionary work a far greater degree than current conwere referred to in the August num- ditions," said the banker. ber of THE REVIEW. Another disturbing effect is being felt by the religious It is right, of course, that Christian weekly papers and the monthly mis- men and women should exercise reasionary magazines, some vf whose sonable economy. But it is odd that subscribers have written that they they should begin by penalizing the cannot afford to renew their sub- home and foreign missionary work of scriptions. their churches and the periodicals which report and promote that work As a matter of fact, the actual sit- and keep them informed regarding it. uation is not as bad as many people The subscription price of THE MISimagine. Home and foreign mission- SIONARY REVIEW, for example ($2.50), aries are receiving their full salaries means only five cents a week. Does as usual. Pastors' salaries have not anyone really need to economize by been reduced, save in a very few ex- cutting off that small sum? So far ceptional instances. Most people whose from economizing on their religious income was derived, wholly or partly, papers and missionary magazines, this from bonds and stocks are as well off is the time to stand by them not only as they were before, for the large by maintaining but increasing their majority of corporations have not re- circulation. Surely the work of God duced their dividends. People who is no less important now than forhad bought on margins, and others merly.

who have lost their positions are, of New Code of Motion Pictures course, in trouble; but presumably few of the readers of THE MISSIONARY The enormous and increasing influ- REVIEW had been speculating in the ence of motion pictures has created a stock market. problem which affects Christian A prominent banker was reported workers both at home and abroad.

in the New York Evening Post of The average weekly attendance July 16 as saying: "More than 50 per throughout the world is reported to cent of the present trouble is fear," be 250,000,000, of whom 135,000,000 and he told the following story: are in other countries and 115,000,000 "Many years ag'o the angel of death in America. Allowing for those who appeared to a powerful desert sheik are physically unable to go (children and demanded 50,000 of his followers. under five years of age, the sick, etc.) The sheik agreed to the pact on the these figures mean that a number expromise that death would take no more ceeding the entire mobile population than 50,000. In the scourge that fol- of the United States attend moving lowed 200,000 died. When the angel pictures in an average week, the miagain appeared, the sheik reproached nority who do not go being offset by him, saying: 'You agreed to take 50,- those who go more than once. There 000 and you took 200,000.' Replying, is hardly a village in the United States the angel ,said: 'I stuck to my bar- and Canada without a picture theater, 680

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

hardly a city without a dozen or more, read it to them, and told them that hardly an audience without scores, they expected the code to be observed sometimes hundreds, of children. in all pictures hereafter made. Films made in the United States give myriads of people in Asia, Africa and Responsibility of Mr. Hays South America ideas, often distorted, of the country from which the mis- It is undeniable that many harmful sionaries have come. pictures have been exhibited, and that objections to their injurious influence It is therefore a matter of interest have been well taken. It seems to us to Christians everywhere that The As- unfair, however, to lay the whole resociation of Motion Picture Producers, sponsibility for such pictures on Mr. whose eight constituent companies Hays and Mr. Milliken. They are make 95% of the films shown in the high minded Christian men who have United States, have been led by Mr. been toiling for years amid difficulties Will H. Hays and Mr. Carl E. Milli- that are little understood by the pubken, President and Secretary respec- lic. They have been vehemently optively of the Association, to adopt a posed by unscrupulous men in the new "code to maintain social and com- industry itself. Mr. Hays is not a munity values." We have not space to "Czar" with autocratic powers, as reproduce the five page pamphlet, but many people imagine. While some the following "general principles" in- well-meaning men are demanding his dicate its purpose and scope. dismissal because he has not exercised more restraint, some unscrupulous No picture shall be produced which theater managers are demanding his will lower the moral standards of those dismissal because he has exercised too who see it. Hence, the sympathy of the much; declaring that some of the audience should never be thrown to the moral films that he has been instruside of crime, wrongdoing, evil or sin. mental in having made have lost mon- ey to the exhibitors; that some of the Correct standards of life shall be pre· films against which he has protested sented on the screen, subject only to have been huge financial successes; necessary dramatic contrasts. and that if church people will not sup- port good pictures they should not Law, natural or human, should not be expect theater managers to exhibit ridiculed, nor shall sympathy be created them at a loss. If Christian men were for its violation. to succeed in their effort to put Mr. Hays out, they would play directly into Origin of the Code the hands of the baser element in the industry that is also arrayed against Several writers have called the code him, and incur the risk of having a a result of the recent severe criticisms worse man put in his place. of Mr. Hays and Mr. Milliken in several religious papers. We are reliably A Fa.ir Attitude informed, however, that the code was in preparation long before these crit- When men like Mr. Hays and Mr. icisms were made and that it would Milliken, on their own initiative, after have been published in its present the labor of several years, and against form if they had not been made at all. the vehement opposition of theater Statements have also been made that managers who consider nothing but the code is simply a meaningless "ges- box office receipts, have succeeded in ture," "a moral smoke screen" to mis- persuading the leading motion picture lead the churches, and that "it is producers to cooperate in drafting a entirely possible that most of the mov- code which could not have been more ing picture magnates have not both- satisfactory to the churches if it had ered to read it through." The fact is been written by a committee of minthat the code was worked out in Holly- isters, is it not the right course for wood in prolonged conferences between Mr. Hays and the "moving picture magnates" themselves, that they unanimously approved it, and then assembled their respective staffs,

Christian men to credit them with day of denominational colleges is passsincerity, give them moral support, ing. In this era of growing interand not ridicule them? They stand denominational fellowship there is between Christian people who object less and less disposition to encourage to demoralizing pictures and greedy small, struggling, iII-equipped denomexhibitors who profit by them and inational colleges. angrily resent interference. When they are trying to do what we want In a few states in America and in them to do, why not encourage them? some foreign fields there are denomi- national colleges that are not near A. J. B. enough to other colleges to be united with them. They represent all the op- Problem of Denominational portunity there is for higher educa- tion under Christian auspices. These Colleges colleges of course must be continued and adequately supported. It is clear Denominational colleges are having however that mission boards cannot a hard time both in America and on adequately provide for them out of the foreign field. The trend today is the general budgets on which their toward undenominational institutions evangelistic, medical and other work and state universities. The president depend. Special gifts must be sought of a small but excellent denomination- from individual donors. Board secal college, who recentry came to New retaries do what they can to help, but York to secure funds which were es- they cannot turn aside from their regsential to its continued existence, went ular work and their responsibility for away literally in tears, with not much the general budgets to become finanmore than enough to pay his carfare. cial agents for particular institutions. Union universities solve the problem In the mission field, the denomina- by boards of trustees with highly ortional colleges of the various mission ganized promotional departments. But boards are having an even harder time it is not practicable to set up separate because of distance from their supporting constituencies, lack of local boards of trustees for each of a dozen community appeal to American Chris- or more denominational colleges. tians, and the competition of government and union institutions. It is Should a given board, which has difficult enough to induce a wealthy several denominational institutions American to contribute to a denomi- under its care which cannot be united national college in his own country; with others, set up a joint committee it is still more difficult to induce him with a promotional secretary to handle to give to one in Asia or South Amer- the problem unitedly? Objections may ica. be urged to this method. But the pres- ent plan of depending upon furloughed How Is the Problem to Be Solved1 missionaries is also objectionable. It is unfair to college presidents and the We believe that one way is to unite work which they represent to bring institutions in fields where several de- them home to raise money which the nominations are trying to maintain home church ought to provide on its denominational colleges. In the case of the college president referred to own initiative. What would have been above, there are four denominational said during the World War if General colleges besides a state university in Pershing or several of his major genhis state of less than half a million people. Manifestly those denomina- erals had been called back to America tional colleges should get together. In to whip up interest in the War and the foreign field, a considerable num- raise money for the army in Europe? ber of such unions have already been consummated and others are in proc- Something, however, must be done ess of formation. It looks as if the if these colleges are to live. And we cannot afford to let them die. They are the main dependence for the sup-

ply of ministers, teachers and other are not counted in its population be- Christian workers. It is trite to say cause the state line of the Hudson that the aim of the missionary enter- River classes them in New Jersey, are prise is the establishment of a self- included, the population approximates supporting, self-governing and self- 11,000,000, the largest aggregation of propagating church; but how can people in one place in the world's his- there ever be such a church without tory. A. J. B.

an educated ministry and laity? And Can Human Nature Be Changed ?

how can an educated ministry and laity be secured unless they are Many people assert that it cannot.

trained? Secular state universities Advocates of big armies and navies are not supplying them in America, declare that we must prepare for war and government and Buddhist insti- since the instinct to fight is en- tutions are not doing so ,on the foreign trenched in human nature. Critics of field, especially as many of them are the Church and of Home and Foreign not merely non-Christian but actually Missions tell us that it is visionary to anti-Christian. The churches must imagine that the social order, indus- do this work through their Christian trial and international relations, and age old customs and beliefs can be colleges. The plain inference appears to be the merging of denominational altered; that the Sermon on the colleges into 'union institutions where- Mount is a beautiful theory but that it cannot be put into practical effect. ever there are several such colleges in a given region. This has been success- This is not only the counsel of de- spair but sheer paganism. Human nafully done in China, Korea, and several other foreign fields, and there is no ture can be changed. It is a historical valid reason why it cannot be done in fact that it has changed in the past America. A. J. B. and that it is changing today. Some Big Cities in Mission Fields evils that appeared to be impregnably According to the latest census re- embedded in human nature in former ports of the twenty largest cities in the world, five are in the United States centuries have been overcome in whole -New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit and Los Angeles in the order or in part because human nature has named; seven are in Europe-London, Berlin, Paris, Moscow, Vienna, changed. It is not long since even Leningrad and Budapest; six are in Asia-Osaka (2,333,000), Tokyo (2,- good men were ,saying that slavery 218,400), Shanghai (1,539,000), Hankow (1,500,000), Calcutta (1,327,547), could not be extirpated; that the red and Peiping (1,297,719); and two are in South America-Buenos Aires (2,- light quarters in great cities could 116,284), Rio de Janeiro (2,004,000). not be closed; that prohibition laws Whether New York or London leads is still in dispute on account of the could not be gotten through legisladiffering areas that are computed. tures and Congress; and that a dozen The five boroughs of New York report 6,955,084, and that part of London other things could not be done that which is governed by the London County Council reports 4,605,000. as a matter of fact have been done. "Greater London," that is served by Changing human nature is precisely the Metropolitan police, has 7,915,000; but if the cities and suburbs that are what the grace 'Of God does; precisely within what is known as the "Metropolitan District" of New York, but what the Church was constituted to be the agency of God in doing. Every- time an individual man repents of his sins, gives his heart to Christ, and becomes something that he was not before, hIs nature is changed. The follower of Christ should be the last person in the world to be misled by the objection that human nature can- not be changed. It can be, and, if we may be pardoned the colloquialism, it is up to him to get busy and help to change it. A. J. B.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions A CLOUD OF WITNESS'ES, 1930-1931, AS PRESENTED AT EalE DISTRICT MEETING HELD AT GIRARD, PENNSYLVANIA, APRIL 23, 1930, BY THE AUXILIARY OF FIRST METHODIST OHURCH, UNION CITY, PENNSYLVANIA (The special presentations arranged and written by Mrs. P. L. Hatch) STUDY BOOK the old, old story preached by a strange voice. ' Going to the mission A Cloud of Witnesses from whence the preacher had come, CHAPTER 1 he became a Christian and devoted General Topic.-Bible Women and Evangelists. himself to training his six children, Special Presentation of Topic.- of whom Philip-Sarah was the oldest. Twilight Reveries. She has served in all parts of the mis- Character.-Retired missionary in sion field – teaching, preaching and retrospective mood. Looks at portrait album. Selects those about whom she ministering. Her life has been above tells interesting facts. reproach. This woman in our group picture, with covered head, has had sorrow and disaster and also great It is said, somewhere, at twilight peace. She presented the Gospel with A great bell softly swings power. And one may listen and hearken Here in the front row of the photo- To the music that it rings. graph is Soubhayamma wearing the As I sit here in the gloaming, the white sari of a widow. After becomdusky hour of twilight brings to my ing a Christian, her father~in-Iaw heart the music of sweet memories. drove her from the house and she fled Turning the leaves of this old album, to the missi ,n where she teaches in portraits greet me of those whom I the hospital. How well I remember knew across the' sea. "These photo- Krupamma who, in the picture, stands graphs yield an impression of beauty with down-bent head. Although blind, of character-of peace of mind and she has learned to read. Her good usefulness of life." disposition won her many friends.

Here is the picture of a group of K. Mary Ann! There you sit with Bible Women-"most essential of na- a book in your arm. She is lame– tive women workers in mission fields." her trouble incurable. K. Mary Ann Dear Bible Women "who go about in found healing for her heart and soul homes of city and village teaching and remained to tell others what a women and children the Bible and Saviour she had found. Yes, I remem- Christian hYmns." These Bible Wom- ber her so well.

en and evangelists "who must ever And here is Mother Wang with her study to be blameless in personal life palm leaf fan! When Mr. Wang be- and character." came a Christian through hearing the Let me look again-this noble wom- Gospel at Peking, you were deteran in the center is "Philip-Sarah." mined to journey to Peking to hear Her father, passing a bazaar, heard for yourself. With a wheelbarrow for 684

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a car and a strong, sturdy son to serve Some are apostles-some are prophets as motive power, Mother Wang you -some are teachers-and some have traveled 400 miles – or the distance the gifts of healing.

across Pennsylvania. You learned to To you assembled here today, let me read – you became the first Bible quote one of the definitions of teach- Woman of the Mission, serving in ing-"Teaching is the finest of fine every district of the conference. arts. It is more noble than painting, Your beloved son became a preacher for the teacher does not represent his and was killed by the Boxers during ideal on canvas, but makes it live in the rebellion in Peking. Mother the lives of men." "It is fascinating, Wang, you have gone to your reward. because to deal with growing life, and Your last recorded testimony is this: to share in guiding it toward the life "I have trusted Jesus many years and more abundant, is the greatest busi- I shall trust Him to the end." ness in the world."

Miss Christiana Tsai, evangelist in Our Study Book tells us that with the Presbyterian Mission in Nanking, the exception of motherhood, there is China, is so smiling in thi,s photo- no vocation so natural to a normal graph. I wish I might linger with woman as teaching. "Next to the in- my memory of her, but daylight has fluence of the evangelist and Bible almost faded. woman, that of the mission teacher is I can just' distinguish this picture most important." They become train- of Selby who died a cruel death in ers of teachers who are Christian con- Persia. verts.

Here is my picture of Nyang We have time for only a few ques- Ocinda, ·sent to me by an American tions and facts or items of interest missionary in Africa. The child concerning the lives of some of the standing by Ocinda is the babe for teachers (native) in non-Christian whose life she pleaded. She goes up lands. You, who have taken notes and down the banks of the Congo tell- during the training course, will please ing the story of love. Her name will bring us a few leaves from your note- live on and on beyond the limits of books.

the African villages where she labor·s Question 1. What noted teacher so efficiently. . was a vice-principal of Isabella Tho- As I coBe this album, while the burn Col1ege1 darkness is coming on the wings of Question 2. Please quote Miss night, I can sincerely say, "No in- Singh's words spoken at Cincinnati fluence surpasses in importance that in appreciation of the work of those of the woman, be she Persian or at home.

African, Chinese or Indian, who goes Question 3. Have you an item about about among her own people telling Sarah Philip?

the Gospel story with simplicity and Question 4. Have we studied about conviction." any native teacher of JanQ~? And what do you remember about her? Leaves platform humming- "Tell it out." Question 5. Turning our thoughts CHAPTER 2 to China, has someone brought notes on Chinese teachers? General Topic.-The Teacher. Special Presentation.-"Leaves from Question 6. In northern Korea in Our Notebooks." 1884, a little girl was bor t. She was Ckaracters.-Instrudor and Mem- named Pilley Kim. Some notes surely bers of Teacher Training Class. have been preserved about her. (Enter classroom naturally.) Teacher. St. Paul in his letter to Question 7. What can you mention about "Diamond"?

the Corinthians says: "There are di- Question 8. Give name of teacher versities of gifts but the same Spirit." in Bulgaria.

Question 9. WhQ is Margaret hardships, and disappointments of my Stewart? life have taught me to help others."

Teacher. As you go from this train- She has done much to promote the ing class, may you lead others to share growth of the Church in China. in the work of the Kingdom of Love until there shall be "the reality of Miss Yi-Fang Wu was assisted, in finding themselves attuned to the her education, from mission funds innnite." contributed by Americans. She at- tended Gingling College and is now Let us all sing number 410 in the president Qf her Alma Mater.

Hymnal, beginning with the third 6. Mis-sionaries established a Chrisverse. tian school for boys at Seoul. Pilley Kim's brother attended this school Answers to Questions and became a Christian. One day he destroyed the family idols. The moth- 1. Lilavati Singh, born in India, er became an ardent Christian worker near city of Lucknow, Qf Christian -taught the Bible to Pilley and was parents. her constant companion. The new Testament was memorized and recited 2. Miss Singh -said, "I see the work by Pilley Kim who for eight years done by the members of the Women's applied herself to study. She took up Foreign Missionary Society in Amer- work in Columbia University. She is ica is in some respects even harder today, in spite of her achievements, than that of the missionaries you humble in spirit and simple in heart. send out. You have not had the joy of preaching Him to hungry souls, 7. "Almaz" means diamond and was and yet year after year you toil, some- the name given to a little Syrian girl times with an aching body and a dis- couraged heart. To you I bring the by a far-seeing and ambitiou-s Chriswords of Christ-"For I was an hun- tian mother. "She gave 47 years of gered and ye gave me drink; I was a conscientious, faithful loving service." -stranger and ye took me in." 8. Rada Pavlova is a Bulgarian 3. Sarah Philip is the daughter of whose father was killed by the Turks.

Philip Sarah, the Bible Woman. This She became a member of the Protes- Indian teacher is keen of mind and tant church and has taught many the first woman of Guntur to receive 'years in the American Mi,ssionary a B.A. degree. She was noted in the School at Monastir.

University of Madras for her thor- 9. In Africa we find Margaret ough and scientific work in astronomy. Stewart, brought up in Liberia. She 4. Ume Tsuda was one of five Jap- is an intellectual and moral inspira- anese girls to come to America for tion to her people-remarkable for her higher education. In 1898, she was persistence in well-doing.

appointed delegate to the convention CHAPTER 3 of Women's Clubs in Denver where a newspaper said of her, "She delivered General Top i a . – Physicians and one of the best five-minute speeches at Nurses.

the convention, best in composition, Special Presentation.-A Clinic.

best in delivery, grace and voice." Charaaters.-Lady Physician – Pa- She had a nne Christian character- tients and Visitors. Lady Physician her earthlJ labors have recently ended. seated at desk. Enter visitor-presi- 5. Mrs. S. T. Law has been con- dent of W. F. M. S. in "Club Corners."

nected with True Light Seminary in Visitor. "Good afternoon, Doctor, Canton, China, for 40 years. In one beautiful day, but a cold wind."

of her reports she wrote, "Three fac- Doctor. "Have a chair."

tors have made my life possible: Visitor. (Drops into chair.) "Yes, First-born into a Christian home; I am glad to sit. I am tired and second-had the opportunity of Chris- weary and worried. I am not ill, but tian education; third-the difficulties, I worry, worry night and day over our

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Mission Society. The members are in Dor;tor. "Your blood condition a state of lethargy- 'asleep at the 1s-"

switch'-you might say. Can't rouse Mrs. "Run Down." "Yes, yes, ·some of them to come to the regular Doctor-my boil just boils when I meetings. They seem to be able to go think of the large number of women to other gatherings. A lack of de- in our churches who are indifferent to cision leaves them without backbone, the great mission cause." • you understand. Their jawbone is in Doctor. "Just a moment- I will working order and some of the wish- give you a wonderful combination.

bones are always wishing ,somebody Take this bottle to your next mission- else would do their work. Now, ary meeting and give liberal amount Doctor, what would you prescribe 1" to each one. The prescription is made Doctor. "First thing, Mr·s. – – – , up of Dr. Ida Kahn's prayers and en- I would prescribe 'setting-up exer- durancEl–Dr. Ma Sam Sa's determina- cises.' Your friends need to bend tion and vitality-Dr. Kennett's smiles their knees every morning. They and the generosity of Dr. Eva de should find joy in stepping out on the Prayer."

promises. Run with patience-run Enter lady with shoulders lame and and not be weary-they should walk stiff.

and not faint. Strengthen their arms Lame Lady. "Do you think that you -reaching forth hands to the needy. could help my lame shoulders? I have These exercises will help that lethargy. borne so many burdens lately and had Then take the prescription in this to lift on raising our apportionment bottle. Have the members of your until my back feels so weak. My feet Mission Society take liberal doses of get so weary trying to go and invite Dr. Paru's mixture – part of which folks to join the missionary society.

consists of 'being filled with a desire My head doesn't feel just right either.

to help others' and combined with I guess it will take quite a lot of 'being true to her convictions of ointment and different things to right.' If you empty the contents of straighten me up."

this bottle, you will find help in Dr. Doctor. "This bandage will help to Paru's experience combined with make your head feel better. It is full something of Dr. Li's success." (Exit of the account of Dr. Esther Kim Mrs. President.) Pak's faith and courage. Here is a Enter Mrs. "Run Down" (Anemic). new liniment that will help your back "Doctor, I am in such a terrible state. -the foundation of this new com- Everything seems to be the matter pound is the power to overcome ob- with me. Maybe I need something for ,stacles – found by Nurse Araki, of my blood-tonic or something. I am Japan. This ointment will help your swamped with work-one of my neigh- shoulders-has in it, 'continued devo- bors told me to get some swamproot tion and loyalty to duty.' For your -whatever that is-but I always be- feet, I advise shoes made of the prep- lieve in consulting those whose busi- aration of the Gospel of Peace with ness it is to prescribe. What you fix which you may so run that you will up for me will be good for most of our obtain. I have here a ,sample package missionary members. Everyone has of salve for the lips. It is for phy- that rundown condition-loss of appe- sicians and nurses. It contains the tite for wholesome thing.s -lack of virtues of tenderness, devotion, and right exercises – nerves need toning self-sacrifice. I intend to use it con- up." stantly in my practice and prescribe Doctor. "Are you troubled with a it for others." (Exit all.) rash?" Scene II Mrs. "Run Down." "Why, why yes, we all get nervous and do rash The "patients" who have taken the acts." doctor's prescriptions give liberal

doses to the members at the auxiliary Lady speaks-"Here are some in- meeting when the third chapter is teresting quotations from her ad- presented. dresses. This is a good one to think CHAPTER 4 about: General Topicr-Women in Social (Reading.) "Be so busy living that and Welfare Work. you never have time to take thought of dying." Special ·Presenw,tion.-A Bouquet of Good Deeds. A bouquet of flowers Lady picks up another flower, reads is left with a friend who celebrates note attached, turns to page 133, scans her birthday. A note attached to page. "Mrs. Jo certainly has accomflowers accompanied by book (Study plished a unique piece of social serv- Book). ice."

Lady receiving flowers and book Lady finds still another note atreads the following note: tached to poppy. Reads about Mrs. Chen, of China (last paragraph, page DEAR RUTH: 138).

Today marks another happy year Lady. "ThIs book is just brimming for you. Congratulations on thi,s an- over with accounts of good deeds. niversary of your birth. May these Hardly one, striving to aid in social flowers reveal sweet thoughts of happy and welfare work, who does not have times gone by. The book and bouquet a connection with Christian missions will tell you interesting stories of or the child of a Christian family, a some of our sisters in far-off lands. product of the mission 8chool or is a brating my birthday by joining the It would give me so much pleasure under Christian auspice8. I will call if I might enroll your name as a mem- up Naomi and tell her I am celeber at our next missionary meeting. brating my birthday by joining the W. F. M. S. and I will send check for Yours with love and hopes, my dues at once." Exit to telephone. NAOMI.

A beautiful chrysanthemum: And CHAPTER 5 here is a white ribbon with W. C. T. U.

on it. Here is another note. (Reads.) General Topic. – Pastors' W i ve s, "Please turn to page 121 and review Home-Makers and Others.

the life of Kaji Yajima – pioneer in Special PresentatiDn. – A Hearty social service and famous throughout Party.

Japan and the Christian world." Characters.-Several ladies wearing (Opens book and begins reading.) hearts bearing name of a "witness" in Kaji Yajin;lR was the seventh child of Chapter 5. Hostess receiving guests. parents who possessed intelligence and character. Her original name was weHfoinsdtesms.any"Ilnovinnogn-hCeharritsstiwanholmandws~ Katsu, but at the age of 17, watching the cannot always cla,ssify – yet who, rudder of a boat as she crossed a river, above others, perhaps, exhibit the she selected the name of Kaji-meaning rudder. Her matrimonial adventure was beauty and sanctity of the home. one of shipwreck- her husband was a drunkard and unfaithful. After he died Having sent several incvoimtaeti-onps~sItorasm' she secured a position in the schools at lo?king for each to a salary of $3.00 per month. She said that education without religion is only WIves, home-makers and others."

a partial preparation for life. In 1886, A~ guests begin to arrive, the host- Madame Yajima became actively engaged in attacking the gre~t evil of in- ess mtroduces them-"Permit me to temperance. Her memorable journey to introduce (mentions some character) Washington during President Harding's who will speak a few words of her administration was the great event of work." her life. She carried a petition written on rice paper and signed by ten thousand Several characters or "witnesses" of her countrywomen. It was a petition follow. for the ending of all wars. NOTE: All special music and read- ings at this meeting, when Chapter 5

METHODS FOR WORKERS

is used, may be interspersed at this CHAPTER 6 "party." General Topie.-"The Ever-Widen- Hostess (at close of "party"). "We ing Stream." cannot measure the influence of a single life-nothing is more unprofit- Speeial Presentation.-"True Story able than to attempt to measure it. Hour." When asked for the number of his converts, a missionary answered, 'It This chapter may be presented at a is not my business to count converts- combined meeting of Auxiliary and it is my business to win them.' Standard Bearers.

"Dr. Kahn recognized the great im- A Galaxy of Stars – consisting of portance of pointing souls to the Great golden colored stars with the photo- Physician. A lawyer once said to her, graphs of all the "witnesses" mounted 'I am glad you are going back to China upon them, may be placed on the walls as a doctor. Doctors are needed more of room. than missionaries.' 'I do not think so,' answered Dr. Kahn, 'eternity is Have the most interesting of the longer than time.''' stories in Chapter 6 related by good story tellers. For example, the story of a lone woman (page 2()().

THE FOUR ISLANDS A method 'for a visual presentation of the problems and needs of the four Islsnds: Santo Domingo, Haiti, Cuba and Porto Rico. The summaries given are based on "Trailing the Conquistadores," by Samuel Guy Inman, and were prepared and presented at the Home Mis$ions Conference, Northtleld, Mass., July, 1930.

Plan: Four women impersonate the Mrs. Jonathan Cartmell, Cuba, and islands. Each one rises in turn, and, Mrs. Dan Brummitt, Porto Rico.) in first person, presents her problems and makes her plea. The following summaries are given as suggestions of what may be done. Stage Setting: Four chairs, draped in white, arranged in a semi-circle. Haiti Costumes: Each of the four women By MISS FLORENCE ALLEN is dressed to represent the flag of the island which she is impersonating. I am Haiti. I am a small republic (governed by Negroes) but, neverthe- Using a white slip as a foundation, less, I am thickly populated. In fact, white cheese cloth is draped as a I have about five hundred inhabitants Grecian robe. Flags made of cheese to the square mile. I have had a long, cloth in the proper colors are draped dark history, a time filled with petty across the front of this robe, while revolutions. I am 90% Negro and the smaller flag·s are draped across the ·other 10% is mulatto. I am mostly shoulders so as to form small capes. Catholic and my people are filled with A smallllag stuck into the hair makes superstition, ignorance and fear. You an effective headdress, but a band of have sent some Christian missionaries the flag color·s may als'o be worn to me, but there is still much superaround the head if a more elaborate stition and ignorance and fear, and I arrangement is desired. need your help.

Materials needed for each costume: In 1915, you stepped in to help me. 5 yards white cheese cloth; 2 yards I didn't want you at first. – I was of each flag color. (Navy blue cheese afraid. But you have helped me cloth is more effective than any other greatly from a material standpoint. shade of blue.) You have cancelled almost 50% of my debt and you have managed my affairs (At Northfield the costumes were in an efficient manner. But, you have made by Miss Ruth Smith. Mrs. Ed- not trained me to help myself. The ward H. Bancker impersonated Santo treaty you made with me will expire Domingo; Miss Florence Allen, Haiti; 4

in six years and then what am I going We have been on a long, long journey, to do? I want independence, of when the summer sun was hot, course, but I need to know how to manage my own affairs. "If your Through the stinging cold of winter we help is extended in the spirit of have made a weary tramp. brotherhood, tomorrow for me will be full of promise." Gone where duty called us, in the midst of shell and shot, But the evening shades are falling, Soon, we'll all go into camp.

Cuba No hurried aid-de-camp in regulation blue By MRS. JONATHAN CARTMELL Brings the orders that we cannot disobey. My people appreciate fully that you No listening ear can catch the words of the United States have helped them That come to me and you to win their freedom. But, I am ask- That marks the ending of our earthly ing for the annulment of the Platt Amendment. I am dependent upon day. you, but you are also dependent upon Well, we must obey the order, me, because I am only as far from When it comes, we know not how. the United States as Philadelphia is And in marching order light we'll form from New York. and tramp I am one of the most religiously For our guide will surely lead us where the peaceful waters flow. Friends, the shades of night are falling, Soon we'll all go into camp.

enslaved countries of the world. The Santo Domingo (An Allegory) Bible was entirely prohibited within my borders and holding a Protestant By MRS. EDWARD H. BANCKER service was against the law. The other day, some of you heard me say, "I am Christopher Columbus," As late as 1898, when victims of the but, like the little boy who made up Maine disaster were to be buried, my his own bear story, I "ist said that." laws prohibited the reading of Prot- And, now, I want you to believe that estant burial services over the Protes- I am Santo Domingo. tant dead.

A central office and bookstore of I am very old, but I am Phrenix, and the American Bible Society is now I want you to watch me rise from my located in Havana and lines of in- own ashes. But while you are waitfluence reach from there to all parts ing to see the metamorphosis let me of me. tell you a little of my story.

One woman, in a remote part of me, In the long ago of childhood I had found Christ. And as a result of her not many things, but I knew it notwork there are now two Christian or at most, was uncaring. My dress churches. was of green velvet, my front porch the blue-green sea. Then came the I ask for teachers and missionaries. foreigner from far-off Spain. He But what you do for me must be done lured me; I accepted him. He showed quickly.

Did you hear the voices calling me some of his jewels. He asked me To the boys who wore the blue? for mine. But he tired of me when Did you note the quiet way they're break- I had given him my all, and he left me, to look into other eyes and take ing camp? other jewels from my cousins in No ringing shouts of orders cut the eve- Florida and Mexico and Peru.

ning silence through, No call of bugle thrills the evening damp.

Just sets us all to thinking (when we Though I was worn and weary and take the time to think), for,saken, I clung to some of the things he had left me, for they opened Makes us wonder as we watch life's dim- a little window into a world I had not ming lamp, known. Others came and went, and some hurt me and others opened my When the call will come to us, window a little wider. When our feet will press the brink On the rivers of the waters of our ever- lasting camp.

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Years and years, hundreds of them, Porto Rico went by, and then a new suitor came. By CHARLOTTE ANDERSON And I have watched him, oh so carefully, and tried to find out whether I am Porto Rico. Although I am he is worthy or not. very beautiful, that i.s not the thing you notice about me. You can't help He says that I am a child, and .some- but see my people-420 of them to a times he has been very stern with me. square mile. They are keen, alert and I don't like him when he is that way. brainy when given a chance. But look He is quite an old man and he has at my children. Over 60% of them sons who want to play with me—or are near starvation. They are sufferflirt with me (for I think I am grow- ing from disease, poverty and lack of ing up a little now). And I am not education. How Can I ever come into quite sure whether it is me or hi,s the rich heritage that should be mine sons whose interests he really has at if my children do not have a chance heart. Some of them I don't like at to become strong, noble men and all. I'm sure they are selfish. But, women. lately, there have been others who seem kind and sincere, and they are You tell me that Christ is the Fatelling me that their father is like that ther of all. Won't you bring this -that he wants me to grow up and great, good Father to my children th~t respect myself and him and all the they may have their chance to be chilworld, so that I can make all the world dren of whom the Father and I may respect me. If they haven't made me be proud?

actual presents (indeed some of them A list o( blackboard and other helps for visualizing the chapters of "Trailing the have) they have showed me how to Conquistadores," Samuel Guy Inman. make many useful- and some beau- 1. "The Cradle of America." tiful- things for myself, and their A map drill showing how Santo father has loaned me money to do Domingo was the central point these things and tried to show me how of the early explorations and is to manage so that paying back won't thus "the cradle of America." be so very hard. 2. "The White Man's Burden." Some of his sons have tried to open A Conquistadore holding a cross my window very, very wide, so that I in one hand and a lash in the may see what they call the "Son of other. Man," and "Christ the Lord," and they tell me that He can take away all my 3. "The New Caribbean." troubles-all sickness ana pain in my A blackboard design of three large question marks over the body-and that other pain that seems inscription "Whither?"

to hurt in my heart. And that I can 4. "The Dance of the Millions."

be a partner with Him and help other A blackboard design of $$$$$ people to lose their troubles, too. in grotesque attitudes.

People tell me that you are daugh- 5. "The Curse on Ham." ters of my suitor. Now tell me truly, An African drum. as one woman to a distracted sister, can I believe him? Will his selfish 6. "Romance Turned to Roads." sons wear my life away, or are the A design showing a main road kind ones giving me the true picture leading off in various directions of their father? with the words, "Friendly Co- operation" printed on each road. Oh sister,s, I am about to cast myself into the fire! When my Phrenix 7. "Overpopulation and Underfeedarises from the ashes, will you surely ing."

be there to greet and sustain me and A U. S. flag over a picture of the children of one of the 1,700 Porto Rican school lunch rooms, help me to my destiny? eating their one meal a day.

8. "Conquistadores of Today." native boats in the harbor. Small Two statutes: "The Statute of paper figures of the missionaries and Liberty" and "The Christ of the natives were dotted here and there Andes," at opposite ends of the over the island. The center of attrac- blackboard with words "Conquis- tion on the island, however, was a hut tadores of Spirit" written be- built of loaf sugar with a thatched neath. roof made of plug tobacco (showing, of course, two of the chief products of 9. "The Cradle of America." the island) . Small paper tropical (This method is given in detail flowers, tobacco plants, date palms and so that it may suggest the pro- mahogany trees grouped artistically cedure in developing the others around the island, completed a color- given.) ful and educational exhibit of the products of Haiti. A large map of the world is tacked against the wall. Members of the Usable notes taken on an address by group tell the conquests made by the Governor Roosevelt of Porto Rico at a different men. For instance, when a recent banquet in New York City. member of the class says, "Columbus went fr·om Genoa, Italy, to Santo "The extraordinary thing is how Domingo," the one who is conducting little we know of Porto Rico. This is the drill attaches a ribbon of ship tape a g·orgeous piece of thoughtlessness on or serpentine to the proper points on our part. We have not even recogthe map with silver seals, showing the nized that they are our fellow citiroute covered by Columbus. This zens." same procedure is followed for all of the conquests and explorations. All The Porto Ricans are keen, alert of these tapes touch Santo Domingo. and brainy. They are, however, At the close of the drill, a large cradle struggling against a trinity of diffimade from cardboard, painted an at- culties: disease, poverty and lack of tractive color and labeled "Santo education. Domingo" is placed on the floor or table in front of the map and the ends DISEASE of all of the tapes are brought from "Santo Domingo" on the map and Consumption: If this disease is not dropped into the cradle. checked it will become a plague. If money can be secured to fight it on PRODUCTS PROJECT the front line we can keep up with it.

One of the projects that is helpful Malaria: This disease is a plague in studying "Trailing the Conquista- at the present time. dores" by Samuel Guy Inman, is a products project which may take the Hook Worm: There are 600,000 form ·of a products map, products ex- cases of this disease on the island at hibit or products poster. the present time.

The prize winning products project POVERTY at the Northfield Summer School of Home Missions was made on a card- $100 to $150 is the average income. board foundation, but could be re- Over 60% of the population are unemproduced as a sand table exhibit. A ployed and over 60% of the children relief map of the islands of Santo are undernourished and near starva- Domingo and Haiti was made from tion. The usual breakfast is coffee green paper and was surrounded by without cream or sugar. The school the blue Caribbean Sea. lunch is the only other meal most of them get. One father, when he was The ship which brought the mis- asked why he did not send his two sionary to Santo Domingo and Haiti youngest children to the school lunch was shown on the sea, as well as some replied that he thought it was wrong to take the lunches from those of school age.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

LACK OF EDUCATION Usable facts taken from an address given by Dr. lose Padin, Commissioner of While there are 550,000 of school Education of Porto Rico, at a recent banage, only 250,000 attend school. quet in New York City.

"That which keeps many poor to The population of Porto Rico is one make one rich, becometh not a com- and a half million, which means that monwealth."-CromweU. there are 420 people to the square mile of territory. Porto Rican families Possibilities average eight in number.

1. Export of sugar, tobacco, and vege- Of this total population, 600,000 tables in the summer and fall, and are children below fourteen years of canning of vegetables for winter. age. The death rate is two and a half (The foundation of the house in times as great as in the United States. which Governor Roosevelt lives Two hundred thousand of these chil- was laid a hundred years before dren are undernourished. To care for the landing of the Pilgrims at this condition, 1,700 lunch rooms have Plymouth Rock.) been established in the schools. Porto Rico provided $100,000 and the United 2. Practical Education. States has given $75,000 so that 50,- Boys-20,000 experiment gar- 000 children may be given one meal dens are now underway with a day at an average cost of five cents chickens, pigs, etc., for prizes. a meal. Shoe making and furniture making. Heretofore we have Dr. Padin believes that this work been training them for jobs that will be entirely supported by the do not exist. island within five years. Girls–cooking and embroidery. PETITION 3. Social Centers-Fairs. These rural units cost approxi- By ELIZABETH DAVIS RICHARDS mately $10,000. Give me the gift of laughter, oh, I 4. Farm Bureaus. pray, More outside work and less desk work. Though tears should hover near, Give me the gift of laughter for each 5. Markets. day- 6. Industrial Centers. Laughter to cast out fear. No raw material, but a water haul to every market. With Hope to greet the coming of each dawn, 7. Health Units. One doctor and one nurse in And Faith that never dies, each unit. Give me the gift of laughter, oh, I Children are the cornerstone on praywhich a nation is built; an under- Laughter instead of sighs. nourished child is a crumbling cornerstone. He Loves Them All Latin America will be more easily (Recitation for a small boy or girl) influenced by friendship than by col- With Him there is no red or black, umns of figures. No Chinese, French or Dutch, The University of Porto Rico For all are His dear children should be a Pan-American University -school of tropical medicine, school And He loves us all so much. of tropical agriculture. The boys and girls in Africa Duty, decency, interest of U. S. in And the little ones in Spain our own future, are the trinity to Are all just "loved ones" in His sight, battle against disease, poverty, lack of educational opportunities. For to Him we're all the same. So we who would like Jesus grow, May do our part, though small, In helping make a happy world By being kind to all.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, AND FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions THE WORK OF THE COMMITTEE South America, there is a good paper ON CHRISTIAN LITERATURE in Spanish. The great event of this year, so far as periodicals is concerned, By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY is the establishment of a new magazine for children in Korea. The magazine One of the most fascinating bits of is entitled The Child World and is work undertaken by the Federation made by enlarging a small paper of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- sions is that done by the Committee printed by the Sunday School Associaon Christian Literature among Women tion and securing the cooperation of and Children in Mission Fields. The the Committee on Christian Literature work of the Committee assumes a in Korea, so that the two organizations special importance at this time; the will together be responsible for an enwhole field of Christian Literature larged, illustrated and altogether more will be judged by the Jerusalem Con- interesting magazine. ference as one of the most important now being cultivated by the Christian Our Committee on Christian Literforces of the world. Since his return ature raised the funds for this last summer. The work of our Committee from his last journey around the was presented and the statement was world, John R. Mott has stressed the made that a request for Korea had importance of the preparation of prop- been received, asking us to help them establish a paper for children similar er literature for our converts as one to those that we are printing in other of the major task awaiting Chris- tians. countries. The speaker stated that We women are prJud of the pioneer under our present budget it was im- part we have played in this enterprise. possible for us to respond favorably We began to do what we could soon to this request since the papers that after the Edinburgh Conference and we were already subsidizing in Japan, have been working ever since. We China, South America, Turkey and were fortunate in our first Chairman, India took all the funds that we could Miss Alice M. Kyle, who did not wait raise. After the meeting, some $600 for funds to accUl IUlate but started was given to the Chairman, $500 from promptly the printing of a magazine one giver. Later another generous for children in China entitled Happy donor added $300, and small contribu- Childhood. tions made up the $100 needed. The joyful word was at once sent to Korea We have now quite a flock of peri- and we can know that we have started odicals. There is Happy Childhood on its way another venture of faith. having the circulation which now in- India is calling loudly for another sures its reading by approximately Treasure Chest to be written in Teluone miIlion Chinese; the Treasure gu, for a great constituency num- Chest, undertaken in India, is now bering more than twenty million printed not only in its original Eng- people where there is no periodical of !ish, but in four different vernaculars, any kind for children. The little chilreaching some thirty-five thousand dren of the Philippines, too, want their readers; in Turkey we have recently succeeded in starting a magazine for paper, and Africa is beginning to voung peoDle entitled, Mouhit; and in agitate.

694 Another interesting feature of the they would communicate with her, work of the Committee is the publication of valiant Christian books in the and then started across the road to various vernaculars. Last year Mabel Thurston's Adventure of Prayer was Betsy Moody Cottage. On the way translated into Burmese under the auspices of the Christian Literature over she met Miss Laura M. White, Committee of Burma. Our Committee furnished the subsidy that made this that great missionary of the Methodist possible, $300, which provided for the translation and issuance of an edition Board, who has been in China for of one thousand copies. Sale of the books will provide for further editions. thirty-five years. Miss White said: The translation of The Adventure of Prayer into Chinese has just been com- "Oh, Mrs. Montgomery, I have just pleted and the money sent forward. It would be a wonderful thing if some been reading From Jerusalem to Jeruperson would as a memorial provide for the issuance of The Adventure of salem, and I think it is just the book Prayer in Japanese. It might cost a little more than $300 as wages and which our Chinese Christians need. costs in general are higher in Japan, but think what it would mean to in- They have no background, you know, sure the placing in the hands of Japanese Christians of this wonder- they do not know the story of how ful and stimulating book on the art of prayer. Christianity progressed from land to One of the most interesting inci- land. I just want to translate it. Do dents of the year in regard to the work of our Committee happened in you suppose your Committee could Northfield. At that great summer school, a presentation of the needs of get the money for me?" I said to her: Christian Literature is always made and an offering devoted to the needs of "The Lord has already attended to the Committee. At the close of this meeting, the chairman was walking that, Miss White, and has sent His out through the lobby where Miss M. H. Leavis had charge of the great messenger to tell me that $300 is waitdisplay of books and pamphlets issued by the Central Committee for the ing to be appropriated." United Study of Foreign Missions. Miss Leavis said: "I want to secure Miss White has already returned to the printing of one of the books of the Central Committee in Chinese. I China, and there has associated with read that a year or two ago, as a memorial to Mrs. Cronk, her book herself one of the wonderful young Brave Adventu'lles, was translated into Chinese by one of her friends. I have college graduates of China, Miss Mary been saving the money, and I am ready to give it as a thank-offering Liu, who was graduated from Ginling to provide for another of the Central Committee's books." The chairman last June. She is to be Miss White's thanked her, assured her that when the Committee met in November, they Chinese helper in the translation. would make a selection of a book and There is a very interesting story connected with this young Chinese woman. When Mrs. Peabody and I were going around the world we came to Nanking in the spring of 1914.

There we saw a little slave girl, who had been rescued by the Christian hospital. Owing to injuries which she had received at the hands of her for- mer owner, it ha hpp.n necessary to amputate both hel 'nd her hands.

A money compem _or the injury had been made whic. mt;n the bank a fund sufficient to prl ide for the education of the child. 'nen we saw her, she was about eip- t years old.

The sullen and fearful lttle creature who shrank from all co; tacts had been replaced by a sunny child, who had already received the Lord Jesus in her heart, and had lJegun her educa- tion. Artificial legs had been pro- vided for her, and she had learned to use her poor maimed wrists in a won- derful way. The stump of her right thumb enabled her to hold a Chinese brush, and with this she learned to

write with wonderful facility, so that Miss White's indefatigable committee today she is able to finish about twelve of women is doing in China, is to prohundred Chinese characters in her vide for the translation of suitable beautiful chirography in two hours exercises and pageants for Christmas and a half. It takes the ordinary and Easter. The cost of getting one translator about eight hours to finish of these written or translated is only that number of Chinese indeographs. about $100, and this ensures the speaking of the message of Christ to Mary Liu decided that she could do thousands of people. Was it not a whatever any other girl could do, and lovely thought that led the friends of so she has learned to run the sewing Mrs. Cronk to provide for the passmachine. She manages to cut out and ing on of her thought about the prayer make her own clothes, and she has life of children into Chinese? There learned many other womanly accom- is many another believer mourning the plishments. She has two books to her loss of a friend who could make one credit, although she graduated from of these living memorials for her or college only a year ago. For years for him, among the people whom they she has cherished the ambition to be- will never know. An instance of a come an editor and it seems likely living memorial was the translation of now that she will be made the editor of One Girl's Influence into Japanese. the Chinese magazine for women and The story was written by Robert E. girls, published by the committee of Speer in regard to a young college which Miss Laura M. White is the girl, Louise Andrews, who used to atchairman. Is not the story of this tend the summer conferences in girl a wonderful illustration of the Northfield. The book was written for Providence of God? It seems like private circulation only, but edition the story of Joseph. His only way after edition has been demanded until into freedom and power lay through the sale has reached fifty thousand the pit into which his brothers copies in America, and now the book cast him, and the slavery which he is going into other languages. The endured in Egypt. What God allowed translator in Japan was a young colto happen to Mary Liu looked like lege girl of wealth who was dying of cruelty, and yet her only way into tuberculosis. She had been educated an enlarged and a wonderfully useful in this country and here had read the life lay through that abuse which she story of One Girl's Influence. Her suffered as a slave girl. book, written during her illness, was published after her death by the Chris- Another English book which has tian Literature Society in Japan, unbeen translated this year is The Storry der the title Louise, and here, too, it of Jesus as Told by His Four Friends. has had the same blessed influence In this book I have arranged the inci- among girls that it had in the original. dents and the teachings of the four Gospels in their chronological order, One of the interesting things acso bringing into one the stories told complished this year has been the by the four evangels. The transla- writing of a dramatic sketch by Laura tion is phrased in the language of M. White. It is entitled A Day in the everyday speech, and the story writ- Office and contains the story of the ten particularly for the needs of adoles- happenings of an average day in the cents. The entire cost of translation regular work of our committee in and publishing the first edition of one Shanghai. The sketch is most interthousand amounted to only $300. esting and intimate, with touches of After the initial cost, the cost of suc- humor. It is easy to present and ceeding editions will be paid for out carries a real message of what is beof the sale of copies. Negotiations are ing accomplished through the Chrisnow going on in Japan and India to tian Literature Committee in one secure further translations. land. We are hoping another year to One of the interesting things which

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

present another sketch of work ac- Fields. Let us ask great things from complished in India or Japan. The God, and expect to receive great things Committee published this sketch in from God. We need more personal the hope that it might be widely used givers; we need more money for this throughout America to make concrete purpose from all the Boards; we need to many the work that the Committee new translators and new writers of was trying to do. It can be obtained original matter in all the vernaculars. without cost at the office of the Com- The Committee needs fresh faith and mittee, 419 Fourth Avenue, New courage to go forward. Will not thou- York City. Many are planning to give sands of women and girls give this most precious gift of believing prayer the little sketch before the World Day to the Committee and its work? of Prayer, and to present the proceeds IBLESSED ARE THE PEACE. as a gift at that time in the interest of Christian literature. The little MAKERS play takes less than half an hour to present-about twenty minutes-and Matthew 5: 9 could be given by hundreds of young people's societies, women's clubs, This program which takes one hour and a half, has been prepared by the church dramatic leagues and the like. Committees on International Relations In addition to this new dramatic of the Federation and Council for a sketch, the Committee publishes a Woman's Society, Young People's Group, number of brief inserts that can be or any denominational or interdenomihad freely by anyone desiring to use national group interested in Internathem in letters to broadcast the needs tional Relations. It is suggestive and and opportunities of, the Committee. flexible, and should be developed accord- ing to local conditions. A mimeographed One of the ambitious hopes of the list of study courses, also short discus- Committee is to secure in as many sion courses-some in the form of quescenters as possible a Christian Litera- tions and answers-which are suitable ture Auxiliary that shall be interde- for program meetings, may be secured nominational and simple. It is planned from the Federation or Council for 5 to have only one meeting a year, and cents. at that meeting have the members come together, contribute their an- 1. Devotional Service. (15 minutes.) nual dues of $1, listen to the latest news about the Committee, and then 1. Hymn: Tune, The Blessed have nothing more to do for a year, to help along the great work that the Home. Committee is organized to do. There are few towns where an enterprising Thy Kingdom come, 0 Lord, woman could not bring together once Wide circling as the sun; a year a group of women of all denominations for such a meeting. Any- Fulfill of old Thy word, And make the nations one; one who is interested in the matter may correspond with the Chairman of One in the bond of peace, the Committee, Mrs. William A. Mont- The service glad and free gomery, who may be reached at 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Of truth and righteousness, Of love and equity. The greatest need of the Commit- Speed, speed the longed for time tee, as of all other Christian commit- Foretold by raptured seers– tees, is for more believing and faithful prayer, and every reader of these The prophecy sublime, The hope of all the years; words is urged to take as a subject for daily prayer the work of the Com- Till rise at last, to span Its firm foundations broad, mittee on Christian Literature among Women and Children in Mission The commonwealth of man, The City of our God.

2. Jesus condemned war in substi· tuting the Gospel of Love as the Way of Life. Beginning with the beatitudes He ex- tolled all the anti-war vir- tues; meekness, merciful- ness; peace; love of ene- mies and racial foes; John 15: 17; Matthew 19: 16-19. Matthew 5 can be made the

basis of a short talk on this it, this earth of thine has been defiled theme or be used as a re- sponsive Scripture reading. with the blood of man shed by his brother's hand, and the centuries sob 3. Prayer for Peace concluding with ceaseless horror of war. Ever the with Lord's Prayer in uni- pride of kings and the covetousness of son. the strong has driven peaceful nations II. Interrelationship between Missions to slaughter. Ever the songs of the past and Peace. and pomp of armies have been used to inflame the passions of the people. Our III. Some of the Ways to Ensure Peace. spirit cries out to thee in revolt against it, and we know that our righteous anger Machinery, attitudes, etc. is answered by thy holy wrath. Break thou the spell of the enchant- IV. Responsibility of Christians to Foster the "Will to Peace." ments that make the nations drunk with the lust of battIe and draw them on as V. Hymn: Tune, Pentecost. willing tools of death. Grant us a quiet Let there be light, Lord God of and steadfast mind when our own nation Hosts, clamors for vengeance or aggression. Strengthen our sense of justice and re- Let there be wisdom on the earth! gard for the equal worth of other peoples and races. Grant to the rulers of nations Let broad humanity have birth! faith in the possibility of peace through Let there be deeds, instead of justice, and grant to the common people boasts! a new and stern enthusiasm for the cause of peace. Bless our soldiers and Within. our passioned hearts in- still sailors for their swift obedience and their willingness to answer to the call The calm that endeth strain of duty, but inspire them none the less and strife; with a hatred of war, and may they Make us Thy ministers of life; never for love of private glory or ad- Purge us from lusts that curse vancement provoke its coming. May our young men still rejoice to die for their and kill. country with the valor of their fathers, Give us the peace of vision clear but teach our age nobler methods of To see our brothers' good dur own, matching our strength and more effective To joy and suffer not alone; w aoy st hoof ug iving our life for the flag. stron g Father of all nations, The love that casteth out all fear! draw all thy great family together with Let woe and waste of warfare an increasing sense of our common blood cease, and destiny, that peace may come on That useful labor yet may build earth at last, and thy sun may shed its Its homes with love and laugh- light rejoicing on a holy brotherhood ter filled! of peoples.- Walter Rauschenbusch, in God give Thy wayward children "Prayers of the Social Awakening."

peace! II, III, and IV may be developed In three 15 minute talks, or III and IV may be com- VI. DisCIU8sion: The Outgrowth of bined In a 20 or 25 minute talk. the Talks. Materials for Development of Topics 1. Do the women of our commu- nity really desire a world For Topic I: The Words of Je8US organized for Peace? commonly quoted for or against war. Pages 19-41. Federal Council of 2. What new machinery must we Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York. build to organize a world for 15c. peace? For Topic II: On Earth Peace. Sym- 3. How can the church and church posium; published by The Central Com- women help? mittee on the United Study of Foreign Missions for the Federation of Woman's 4. How can the women of our Board of Foreign Missions and Council town cooperate to develop of Women for Home Missions. Order right international and in- from Mission Boards or Miss M. H. terracial attitudes and a Leavis, P. O. Box 4, North Cambridge, constructive program for Mass. 20c. Peace Education? For Topics III and IV: Building In- VII. Closing Prayer for Peace. (Use ternational Good-Will." Symposium. Mac- the following.) millan, New York. $1.50.

Prayer Against War The New World Road Guide. League of Nations Association, 6 East 39th o Lord, since first the blood of Abel St., New York. lOc.

cried to thee from the ground that drank

Helpful Pamphlets ness Day. In connection with the ob- servance of this day last year at Christianity's Supreme Rival by Harry Chengtu, West China, the staff of the Emerson Fosdick, Riverside church, New United Church hospital were asked to York. IDe. prepare a sketch to be given at the demonstration in the city park. The The Sword or the C'ross by Kirby matter was regarded of such great im- Page. Doran, New York. 15c. portance that two days were devoted to it. From a letter written by Miss Arbitration-The Only Substitute for L. G. Hartwell, West China Mission, War. Committee on the Cause and Cure we learn some particulars regarding of War, 1511 Grand Central Terminal methods used in this serious effort to Bldg., New York. 15c. promote the public health of the coun- try. A Ten Year Review of the League of Nations. 145 page pamphlet. League 'Jf "On Wednesday," says Miss Hart- Nations Association, 6 East 39th St., well, "students lectured in the tea New York. 15c. shops and on street corners, and scat- tered pamphlets, pasted up posters, So This Is War. A study of popular- etc. The exhibition buildings had speized Military Training. Committee on cial exhibits. Dr. Williams, in charge Militarism in Education, 387 Bible of our laboratory, sent one of the Chi- House, Astor PI., New York. 15c. nese technicians with a microscope to examine specimens of sputum, and Peace Education in Your Church. show slides on bacteria. There were What one church has done to cultivate also pictures and posters showing the International Goodwill. Federal Coun- havoc of pathogenic germs. cil of Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York. Free. "On Thursday there was a mass meeting in the park and the generals National Committee on the Churches and leading men of the city spoke on and World Peace, 105 East 22d St., New cleanliness. York: "In the afternoon a public concert Making the Peace Pact Effective. was given in the park. Our nurses Reading and Study Course. 15c. put on a sketch showing a model Pub- lic Health Tuberculosis Center. 1st Second Study Conference on the scene: A clinic with doctors and pub- Churches and World Peace. Syllabus. lic health nurses in attendance; 2d l5c. scene: A nurse visiting an unhygienic home; 3d scene: a nurse visiting a A Message to the Churches from the hygienic home; 4th scene: A patient Second Study Conference. 5c. in a sanatorium being cured by hos- pital methods. A Message to the Churches from the Third Study Conference. 5c. "A few days later the annual Baby Welfare Week was held at the Y. W. National League of Women Voters, C. A. Talks were given on the feeding 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., of children from two to four years old. New York: There were object lessons in prepar- ing vegetables, fruits and cereals in The Root Formula and the World the way they should be eaten. The Court. 10c. mothers were deeply interested."

What Do You Know About Naval Dis- It can readily be seen that all this armament? 50. work is an important part of that min- istry of healing which is carried on in The Multilateral Treaty. 5c. the name of Him who went about "healing all manner of sickness and Other good and inexpensive pamphlets disease among the people." may be obtained from: Commission on International Justice and Goodwill, Federal Council of Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York.

League of Nations Association, 6 East 39th St., New York.

National League of Women Voters, 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York.

National Council for the Prevention of War, 532 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

PUBLIC HEALTH WORK IN WEST CHINA A feature of the public service which has been introduced by tbe new Nationalist Government in China is the institution of a National Cleanli-

Gandhi

Educational Commission to India THE following facts concerning Mahatma Gandhi are from Sailen- THE Executive Committee of the dra Anth Ghose, a fellow countryman: Federal Council of Churches at its "Gandhi was born to luxury and ease. April meeting gave further attention His father was the prime minister of to the appointment of the American a native Indian state, receiving the members of the commission which is lavish emoluments f()r which India is to go to India for the coming winter famous. When he departed from the to study Christian education. The family home, however, to complete his British members of the commission education at Trinity Inn in London are Canon A. W. Davies and Dr. Nicol he dedicated himself to work, was Macniool. Dr. A. D. Lindsay of Balliol graduated with honors, and was adis to be chairman. The India members mitted to the bar. Gandhi and his are Dr. S. K. Datta and Dr. S. N. wife were each thirteen years old Mukarji. when they married. Since their adult life they have been constantly at each Dr. William J. Hutchins, president other's side. They have four children. of Berea College, and Dr. William Gandhi's mother was an orthodox Adams Brown of Union Theological Hindu and confirmed pacifist. It was Seminary, have accepted the invita- from her counsel that he drew the tion to be the American members of principles of which he has become a the commission. It is proposed that the great exponent."-Christian Century. American members shall sail from New York on October 22d for Eng- Industrial Missionary Work land where, after a week of conference with government officials and repre- I NDI~N ~hristians are increasing sentatives of missionary agencies, the rapIdly III numbers. All of them we,stern members of the commission cannot be paid preachers and teachers will sail for India, with the exception even if they were fitted for this work. of the chairmen whose departure, due And it would most certainly be a disto inescapable engagements, will be grace for all our Indian Christians to slightly delayed. It is anticipated that be supported by our American and the commission will complete its work English friends. This is the reason in India before April 1, 1931. why we have started the industrial work. We must train our Indian A carefully worked out question- Christians to be entirely self-supportnaire designed to secure much basic ing. information regarding the various institutions to be studied was sent out The industrial work is on its way to India and it is expected that the to be self-supporting, but when we replies from this study will be tabu- take in new converts who cannot tell lated in time for ,study by the com- the difference between a hammer and mission be:f'ore it reaches India. Thus a screw-driver, they need a little help a great deal of time will be saved for in the beginning. It is the ignorant the members after their arrival in ones who need training more than the India and a considerable item of ex- others. On the average six months pense obviated.

700

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

training will make a man self-sup- venerable Christian who lived worthy porting. After this with a year or two of his high calling and in all he was more of training, he can earn a good salary to keep himself and take care and did brought honor to his brethren of a family if he has one. Then it is and his faith.-Indian Witness. our hope these trained and self-supporting Christians will support their Mr. Chelliah on India Christian pastor and help their more unfortunate feUow Christians.-Let- MR. J. V. CHELLIAH, vice-printer, W. K. Norton, Benares. cipal of J affna College in Ceylon and President of the United Church Historic Figure Passes in India of Christ in South India, brought RAJA SIR HARNAM SINGH died in Simla on the 20th of May. He cheering news from India, en route was born in 1851 and was the second son of the late Maharaja of Kapur- to the C.ongregational meetings in thala. The present generation knew him as the Grand Old Man of the Bournemouth. He thinks the influence Christian community in northern India. At seventy-nine years he retained of Christ has swept far beyond the his courtly bearing and his interest in matters of vital importance to the church membership. "If there are Christian c.ommunity. For some years he has been quite naturally, 5,000,000 Christians in India meassomewhat withdrawn from the center of activities but in his day he was a ured by church membership, there stalwart figure in the religious and political councils of the land. must be 50,000,000 whose lives are in- Some twenty-five years ago he was fluenced by Christian ideals." He made a member of the old Imperial Legislative Council and has continued quotes a recent book by a Hindu auto hold membership in the Central Legislature. In honors he was abun- thority outlining Hinduism and indant. He was made C. I. E., and in 1900 was made K. C. I. E. The title cluding one great principle of Chrisof Raja was received in 1907 and the title was made hereditary in 1922. tianity after another, and thinks that Over a period of fifty years he was the conversion .of Hinduism to apa prime mover in the many brilliant functions and receptions that had prove the deep things in Christ goes taken place in Kaisarbagh. He was greatly honored and respected by his on apace. He knows many prominent associates for his sterling character. Hindus who gladly accept the beauty As a Christian leader he held positions of honor and responsibility in and the leadership of Jesus but who his own church, the Presbyterian, and outside. He joined heart and hand in hold back from the technical step of the labors of the men who did so much in the building up of Methodist insti- baptism and church membership betutions in Lucknow about the end of the last century and the beginning of cause of the persecution and social this. strain it produces with their Hindu We wish to bring our word of appreciation, to be added to those that neighbors.-American Board Quarwill be expressed by others, of this terly News Bulletin. .

ISLANDS ProcllUllation on Reunion ARECENT proclamation on reunion was made to the Church of Eng- land in Australia by official represent- atives of the Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational Churches in Aus- tralia. The statement opens with the greeting: "We rejoice in the noble vision of a reunited church, presented in the appeal to all Christian people by the archbishops and bishops assembled in the Lambeth Conference of 1920; and as duly appointed representatives of our several churches we are ready at all times as opportunity offers and as the will of our one Lord and Master shall be discONered, to give effect to

that appeal. The ideal of a church temptations that a work was begun 'genuinely Catholic, loyal to all truth, which has grown to its present promand gathering into its fellowship all ising condition. The work has far who profess and call themselves Chris- reaching possibilities, as the boys will tians, within whose visible unity all carry back to their heathen homes a the treasures 'of faith and order, be- knowledge of the Saviour. queathed as a heritage by the past to the present, shall be possessed in com- Much of the material for the church mon and made serviceable to the whole building was donated by leading busi- Body of Christ,' is an ideal true, we ness firms in Rabaul.-Baptist Misbelieve, to the will of God, and there- sionary Review. fore one for which we feel a deep and solemn obligation to strive." Sillim.an Institute, Philippines Methodists Extend Work T HE most influential Protestant In- stitution of learning is Silliman In- THE Methodist Episcopal Mis-sion stitute at Dumaguete, on Negros in Hawaii has extended its work Island. In location, acreage, buildto 95 preaching places. Twenty-three ings, equipment and sanitary arrangeof its workers are orientals. Three ment, this institution is a most new churches have been erected, and attractive contrast to the private unifive orientals were ordained recently versities in Manila. Its library of to the ministry. Four of these men 8,000 volumes administered by a are the definite product of missions trained librarian has been most wisely in Hawaii, having received their selected. Its finest building is devoted training through the Methodist Mis- to the teaching of the sciences. The sion or the Honolulu Bible training recitations heard by the Commission's school of the Hawaiian Board. Rev. representative were most ably con- B. T. Makapagal came to the islands ducted and the spirit that pervaded 15 years ago as a Filipino plantation the place was one of the finest he laborer. After some time he left the experienced anywhere. Moreover, fields and became a cook in a white throughout the Islands the Commisfamily. He opened a strange book-a sion heard only words of praise f()r Bible-which was lying on the table the graduates of Silliman Institute, of his employer and was so inspired particularly of those who entered the by its words that he became interested public schools as teachers. The Comin the Christian church, and after a mission expresses the hope that the few years developed into a strong supporters of Silliman may see their Christian leader.-Christian Century. way clear to give the funds neces-sary to enable it to expand its work and Indentured Workers Have a Church increase its usefulness to the people of the Southern Islands of the Archi- , NEW church building of European pelago. (Educational Survey of the Philippines, by Dr. Paul Monroe of ..tl. design was opened for indentured Teachers' College, Columbia Univer- sity.-Report, p. 512.) laborers of Rabaul, New Britain. Recruited from all parts of the mandated Silliman Institute is a brilliant conterritory, many natives who are serv- stellation in the educational firmament ing contracts in Rabaul have come of our country. Two decades of unfrom heathen districts. City life be- selfish laoors for the upliftment of wilders them, but they quickly adapt our youth constitute its record of themselves to vartous occupations. A service. Within that span of time, it new world opens to the majority of has earned its righteous place in the them. Unfortunately this congregat- front rank of private institutions of ing of boys brings to the surface the the land. She has a long phalanx of vices rather than the virtues of native graduates whose attainments and life. It was to combat new and subtle whose achievements attest unanswer-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ably to the quality of instruction given the Bible speak to us. We had no within the walls of this institution. prayer book, and none of us knew how to pray, so we just closed our Often have I marvelled over the eyes and talked to God." far-seeing vision and crusading spirit of philanthrophy that had actuated The total circulation of the Bible in the kind soul who in a land not his the Philippines since the establish- ,own founded this Institute in order to ment of the American Bible Society impart to our youth a culture and a in the Island in 1899 has been 2,616,- faith buttressed by upright moral 757 volumes. principles. Often have I admired the indomitable energy with which the CHINA primordial purposes of the Institute are being carried out by its persever- Chinese Flock to Manchuria ing director and faculty. Often, too, have I wished that our people in their "[;X)R many years two n<>table migrathirst for knowledge and truth had many benefactors like Mr. Silliman, .l' tory movements from China have not only among foreigners but also among our countrymen. – General been in progress. One has been from Emilio Aguinaldo. Fukien and Kwangtung to the Phil- ippines, Straits Settlement and Siam; What One Bible Did the other has been from Honan, Hopei and Shantung to Manchuria. The mi- COMM'ISSIONER OSIAS, Philip- gration to Manchuria has been with- pine commissioner at Washington, out equal in modern Oriental history. lists among the most helpful things It has greatly increased the populamissionaries have done in the Philip- tion of Manchuria. pines that of "translating and popularizing the Bible." A single instance In the last five years, Manchuria illustrates its penetrating and trans- has received about three million Chiforming effect. nese colonists, principally from Shan- tung and to a lesser degree from Some years ago a patient in the Chihli and other provinces. The an- Tagbilaran hospital was given a Tes- nual immigration in 1923 was 300,- tament. After recovery he took his 000; in 1926 the figures had doubled, Testament with him into the distant and from then on the inrush was such mountain barrio. Some time later a that no exact figures are obtainable. colporteur of the American Bible So- The South Manchuria Railway and ciety was trying to sell Bibles in a the Chinese Eastern Railway estinear-by hill town, but without suc- mates reveal that no less than one cess. An inhabitant said to him: million Chinese crossed the Gulf of Chihli in 1927. It is estimated that "If you want to sell that book, why during the year 1928, 2,000,000 Chidon't you go up into the hills to a nese went north into the "promised certain barrio, for there they are all land." asking for that book? There were only 3,000,000 people in The colporteur went, asked for the Manchuria a few years before the leader of the barrio and found he wa·s Russo-Japanese War. Now there are the man who had been in the hospital 27,000,000. at Tagbilaran. This man had been leading his people in Bible study, and The world's greatest population later organized them into a congrega- movement is now taking place in tion and regular worship was being China, says the Shanghai correspondheld every Sunday. Said he: ent of The Daily Express. Millions of Chinese, to escape the starvation "We had no teacher, s'o we just which i·s the outcome of years. of civil stood up and read the Bible before war, are swarming north into Manthe people and let it be our teacher. churia, where a vast new population We had no preacher, so we just let is filling the fertile but half-empty plains. Chinese make up 90 per cent of the present population of Man-

churia. Even the Manchu language, forms leading up to the tomb, which the language for two and one-half is an immense granite structure, far centuries of the ruling house, has more imposing than the tomb of vani,shed, and Mukden, the Manchu Washington at Mount Vernon. The capital, is a Chinese city. The Mon- Chinese are making Sun Yat Sen's golians from Inner Mongolia are like- tomb a place of pilgrimage and his wise absorbed by the Chinese, and picture hangs in every school in the they too speak the Chinese language. land. Every Monday morning patri- All customs and characteristics are otic exercises must be held in every Chinese.-W. H. Wang, in The China school in memory of hi·s services to Critic. his country. The exercises consist of singing the Nationalist Party song, Exercises at Sun Yat Sen's Tomb bowing three times respectfully be- fore the picture of Sun Yat Sen, read- THERE is a boulevard from the ing his will, and three minutes of city of Nanking to the imposing silence as the entire school remains mausoleum of one greater than royalty standing in meditation upon what Sun in the esteem of all patriotic Chinese Yat Sen has done and upon what the just now-Sun Yat Sen, whose body pupils may also patriotically do for was brought here about a year ago their country. fromPeiping and deposited with imposing ceremonies. The boulevard ex- I observed the ceremony in one of tends for about seven miles from the the schools. It is certainly impressive. Yangtze River across the city and Following the exercises, the principal country to the mausoleum of China's gave a resume of current events, infirst provincial President. It is about ternational and national, during the 60 feet wide, a vast improvement over preceding week, thus acquainting the the narrow crooked streets in many pupils with world affairs. Here was parts of Nanking. Yet its construc- a concrete illustration of progress in tion was the cause of many suicides China's educational method as conof people whose property lay in the trasted with that of a few years ago. path of the improvement, and which Let anyone who doubts whether was taken without any remuneration China is really awaking to present day whatever. Some, whose property was world movements go into some of the only partially absorbed, benefited by schools and see what is happening.- the improvement because of increased Letter, Rev. George H. Trull. valuation. The real sufferers were those who lost their all. They natur- Two Great Christian Colleges in ally resented the measure. So did those whose dead were buried in the Nanking path of the boulevard. They were ordered to remove the bodies and locate T HERE are two really great misthem elsewhere and no financial help sionary educational institutions in was given to do it. As a stranger Nanking, Ginling College for Women rides along this imposing highway and the University of Nanking. The today, he is not aware of the heart former has a campus of thirty acres aches caused by its construction. in the western part of the city. It is a beautiful situation and the dreams The day we visited Sun Yat Sen's of the founders of the college are betomb was Easter Monday. We were ing realized in the buildings that have not able to get up to the mausoleum already been erected. These are of itself because of patriotic exercises Chinese architecture with graceful that were being held by an immense lines and blending colors, and do not gathering of Boy Scouts and Girl offend the eye as do so many foreign Scouts from all parts of China. There structures on 'oriental soil. They are must have been several thousand of a part of China. The college is only them massed on the steps and plat- fifteen years old and began with nine students. Today it has an enrollment

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

many times the size of the original palling poverty, such utter distress as group and coming from many parts I have witnessed among those poor of China. It is not easy to enter Gin- unfortunate people in Shensi. A helpling. The requirements are equivalent ing hand is urgently required before to th()·se of the best women's colleges disease and starvation wipes out the in America. The five graduates of entire population of China's back-stay the first class were the first women -the husbandmen.' to be graduated with the B. A. degree for work done in China, forerunners "Sherwood Eddy, Y. M. C. A. Secof an increasing group of women lead- retary for Asia, stopped off in New ers in the sphere of culture and high- York en route to Europe. He said: er learning. 'I have just come from famine,r!ltr,ick- en China. China is in the most des- Less than a mile from Ginling is the perate need ()f all seventeen countries University of Nanking, organized in I have visited around the world this 1910 and one 'of the largest missionary year. The agencies that are spending colleges in China. Its library is one the money sent from America are givof the best equipped of any institu- ing thought to the wi£dom of a more tion. The campus covers an area of constructive plan of famine prevenalmost a square mile. I was particu- tion, which by means of irrigation larly interested in the constructive and roads will remove county after work that is being done in sericulture, county from the grip of famine forchemistry, forestry and agriculture, ever, if the necessary funds are forthand in its cooperation with the Nan- coming. I found the money wisely king Theol()gical Seminary in efforts expended and the need desperate. Now to improve the economic, social, and is the time to aid China.''' spiritual conditions of rural life. The library has a list of books applicable GENERAL to conditions and problems in China which it loans to rural workers. Un- International Council of Religious der the auspices of the University and with the cooperation of the National Education Christian Council and the China Chri·stian Educational Association, a T HE singing of that mighty hymn, conference was held some time since "Come, Thou Almighty King," by to consider an adequate program for the 5,000 delegate·s assembled in the the rural church and to bring rural flag and palm decorated Convention leaders into closer touch with the for- Hall of the beautiful eX1Josition estry and agricultural departments of grounds of Toronto, Ontario,' inauthe University, so that it might more gurated the 1930 quadrennial conveneffectively serve them.-Letter, Rev. tion of the International Council of George H. Trull. Religious Education.

Fa.m.ine in China From Hudson Bay to Panama, from British Columbia to Georgia, from the L C. ARLINGTON, a famine relief Maritime Provinces to California, • worker, writing from Sian, Shen- with missionaries from nearly every si, May 14th, tells of the death by star- field and national representatives from vation and typhus of 40,000 people out four continents, church school workof a population of 150,000 in 820 vil- ers had moved to Toronto for a week lages. Many people buried their chil- of fellowship, worship and education. dren alive rather than see them die from starvation. Mr. Arlington The city was host to a convention speaks of his fifty years of life among of this organization for the third time, the Chinese, during which time he having extended its hospitality to the has seen much tragedy, and says: 'I third convention in 1881, and again have never before witnessed such ap- to the eleventh in 1905. It was a striking symbol of the council's vi- 5 tality, growth, power and significance that the church which has been large enough to house completely all the de-

liberations of former conventions, the nearest missionary is 1,500 miles could this year serve only as a place away. There are 14,000,000 human of early morning prayer for groups beings in South America who have of delegates. never been visited by a missionary, Roman Catholic or Protestant. As Parallel with the sessions of the long as there are persons living and general convention were those of the dying without God or hope, the note Youth Council and ConferEnce of of urgency must be sounded.-Watch- North America. The Council was man-Examiner. comprised of 220 of America's choicest youth representing 36 different de- Three Denominations Find Points of nominations and groups, and coming – from 34 states and provinces. The Agreement conference enrolled 1,500 representa- tives of all denominations, groups, A JOINT conference of representa- :states and provinces. tives of the Methodist Episcopal Church North, the Presbyterian Their purpose, as the culmination Church in the U. S. A. and the Prot- 'Of more than a year',s study by thou- estant Episcopal Church, meeting at sands of youth throughout the con- Atlantic City, June 10-11, found "our- tinent, was to determine youth's pro- selves and the communions we repre- gram of study and enterprise for the sent in substantial agreement in their next four years. Their deliberations :f'ormal pronouncements." "1. So far centered about the adoption of six as other than theological and ecclesias- great themes: Jesus Christ, Christian tical facts were causes of the original conduct, worship and prayer, other separation of the bodies we represent, youth, Christian unity, a Christian we are agreed that they are no longer society. operative in any such degree as to block the way to an organic unity. 2. One hour spent with these young We find complete agreement upon the people and their leaders would have importance of the principle of the sep- heartened the most pessimistic with aration of church and state as guar- regard to the dependability, earnest- anteed in the constitution of the ness and capability of modern youth. United States. With emphasis differ- Working, some of them, from seven ing somewhat in our three bodies in the morning until one at night they upon the values attached to the va- were forging out the most thoughtful riou,s expressions of social and moral statements of their convictions, state- ideals, we :find the common conviction ments which when they appear will that the Church of Christ has a defi- awaken the admiration of their elders, nite responsibility not only to guide and challenge them in their service of the conscience of individual Christians youth.-Prof. Ralph D. Heim, Ph.D., but also to infuse through society the in' "The Lutheran." principles of God',s will as revealed in Jesus Christ. Utterances vf the Solemn Facts highest representative bodies in our three communions reveal, however, the I s THE day of Foreign Missions equally certain conviction that the over? There are 1,600,000,000 per- function of the Church is not to gov- sons on the earth today. Nearly 1,000,- ern or to seek to govern political ac- 000,000 have yet to hear the gospel. tion, but to further the influence of There are 42,000,000 unevangelized Christian principles in society. 3. in Japan. Chinese Turkestan is prac- Our three communions are as one in tically without a missionary. Tibet recogmzmg the authority of the is virgin soil. China constitutes a Church to back and guide the indi- tremendous challenge. Groups of be- vidual in the development of his lievers can be found in only a few Christian life and to exercise discip- villages and cities. Millions of Africa line in cases of violation of the funda- remain in ignorance of the gospel. In some regions of the Dark Continent

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mental precepts of that life. We find, man type which one could learn to however, that in all three communions read by feeling it with his finger,s. At the tendency is obvious t{) substitute sixteen he worked out his own system for such disciplinary methods as cul- of embossed letters and made a slate minate in excommunication, the meth- on which to write them. Later, while ods of love, persuasion and voluntary a professor in a school for the blind, penance as being more consonant with he invented the present system of our Lord's teaching." On the "impor- writing in raised dots, which is the tant moral questions of the day"-the standard printing for the sightless. Christian home and marriage, inter- The Bra ill e characters – different national peace. racial relations, indus- groups of six small raised dots-made trial and economic evils and ideals, the by pressing a sharp point upon stiff importance of religion in the field of paper-have opened up to all who caneducation – general agreement was not see, the infinite worlds of music, found in all three denominations. literature, and education. – L i v i n g Church. These "findings" are reported by Bishop Herbert Welch, President J. A Philanthropist's Will Ross Stevenson, and Bishop Edward L. Parsons, of the Methodist, Presby- T HE following extract from the will terian and Episc{)pal commissions re- of the late Clarence H. Kelsey was spectively.-ChTistian Century. printed without comment as an edi- torial in the New York Evening Post: Transcribing Braille "The bequests to the institutions A WIDESPREAD, unique, and in- named in the preceding paragraphs do creasingly important Red Cross not capitalize, in many instances, the service is the direct outc{)me of a sums which I have been giving to three-year-old French boy having them yearly for many years, and there entered his father's harness shop to are many other institutions to which play one day in 1812. This shop was I have been similarly contributing but in the village of Coupvray, twenty- to which I make no bequests. The three miles from Paris. Being as in- reason is not because of any change in quisitive as all children at his age, my interest in, or appreciation of, the little Louis Braille picked up one these institutions or the work that of his father's sharp tools. His small they are doing, but because my theory fingers could not manage it; it slipped, and practice of giving are inconsistent putting out one of his eyes. Sym- therewith. I have always felt that it pathetic inflammation set in, causing was better to give regularly and genthe loss of his other eye. erously from income rather than ac- cumulate principal with the expecta- Although for the next forty years tion of making large gifts at the end. this man was to know what Helen I believe that money set to work im- Keller describes as "traveling trackles'B mediately is better used than if acways, stumbling at noonday as in the cumulated with the intention of doing night," the accident was to make him great things with it afterwards. the blind's greatest hero. Louis These plans often are forg,otten or Braille was to make the blind see with fail to be carried out, and I firmly betheir finger tips. lieve that there is much greater satis- faction in giving mQney away as you How he became great is a story of go along than in keeping it and watchthe complete devotion of his inventive- ing it grow in your hands. Money ness to all those, like himself, who never catches up with time and good lived in darkness. When ten years old, done with a little money now may be Louis was sent to a school for the far greater than that done with a blind, encountering there not only a great deal more later on, and is more rich domain ,of literature, music, and sure to be done." mathematics, but also embossed Ro-

LATIN AMERICA the emancipation 'of the Mexican Notable Financial Success in Porto Methodists from the spiritual direc- tion of the American church. Rico The ·separation was brought about I N SPITE of the depression and dis- with the greatest cordiality and was couragement in Pow Rico last due to the fact that the Mexican Methyear, following the hurricane, the local odists felt the American religious procampaign for funds toward rebuilding gram did not conform to the aspira- St. Luke's IIospital, Ponce, exceeded tions and religious ideas of the Mexthe hoped-for goal of $10,000. The icans. It is reported the Methodist total am01;lllt needed, $100,000, was congregations in Mexico now total received, a large part coming from the more than 100, all of which will be Hurricane Relief Fund given by peo- affected by the new agreement. Preple throughout the Church. Bishop viously the churches were under the Colmore hopes the hospital may be direction of the Bishops of Nashville built before the end of 1930. The and New York. present much-patched building, with seventy beds, had 1,160 in-patients According to the agreement all the during the year. – P. E. Natiorutl Methodist congregations in Mexico Council Publicity Service. will be merged into one organization to be known as the Mexican Methodist Lutheran/! in Chile Church. According to Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer, I N CHILE the Lutheran Church of Saxony maintains two Lutheran secretary of the Board of Foreign congregations totaling together more than 2,500 members. The congrega- Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Mexican Bishop will be elected to lead the new Mexican Methtion in Valdivia, served by Pastor odist Church at a conference to be Wernicke, numbers 1,200 members, held here in September. Dr. Diffenand the congregation in Temuco-Vic- dorfer said the separation step meant toria, served by Pastor Klink, num- a new era for the Protestant religion bers 1,450 members served from thir- in this republic. teen preaching stations. In the course Bishop Francis J. McConnell, of of a year Pastor Klink covered 9,532 New York, and Bishop Warren Chanmiles in 149 days on the road, aver- dler, of Atlanta, attended the meeting. aging sixty-four miles a day. His -New York Times. travel from point to point.j,n his parish was by railroad, automobile, steamer, Governor Roosevelt on Porto Rico T wagon and horseback. The Lutheran HE island of Porto Rico is neither known nor understood by the vast Gotteskasten of Germany assists in providing support for the work.-Na- majority of our citizens in the United tiorutl Lutheran Council Bulletin. States. Many of them have no idea where it is. Since I have been here Mexican Methodists Form Separate I have had letters forwarded to me Body addressed "Porto Rico, Philippine T HE Mexican Methodist Church has Islands"; "Porto Rico, Central Amer- been established as an independent ica," or "Porto Rico, Cuba." One colreligious institution as a result of an lege graduate even addressed me as agreement signed July 8th. The "AmbassadQr Roosevelt, American Church thus becomes completely free Embassy, Porto Rico."

from the direction of the Methodist To grasp our problem it is neces- churches with headquarters at Nash- sary to have a glimpse of what Porto ville and New York. Rico is. We are a small island, only The decision for an .independent a hundred miles long by thirty-five church was taken at a meeting called miles broad. The country is a series expressly to discuss the question of .of steep hills belted by a coastal plain.

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We have 1,500,000 people, most of The death rate on our island from • whom are dependent on agriculture tuberculosis has more than doubled in for their living. This offers a great the last'ififteen years. According to problem, because not only have we a our Department of Health, it is now population density of more than four 301 to the hundred thousand-in other hundred to the square mile but in ad- words, more than four times as great dition, large tracts of unproductive as that of the United States. Last mountainous country. year there were 4,442 deaths reported During the last thirty years condi- from this cause, and there were doubt- tions have become steadily better in less many unreported. Probably to- Porto Rico. Education increased. day there are 40,000 Porto Ricans suf- Our health department was developed. fering from this disease. The root of Our public works of every sort multi- this trouble is malnutrition.

plied. Our island will turn the corner in Then the cyclone struck us and in the near future and with more indus- its trail came disaster for all. More tries and intensive cultivation, greater than 300 lives were lost and $80,000,- prosperity will be spread through the 000 worth of property was destroyed. rank and file of the people. But that The coffee plantations, on which the is the fl,lt,ure, not the present.-Herald greatest number of the small farmers Tribune Magazine.

depend, suffered most severely. Two or three years must pass before things JAPAN-KOREA are normal. Consecration of Beautiful Japanese Unemployment, either total or par- Church T tial, is present everywhere. Riding HE birthday of the Emperor of Japan (April 29) this year will through the hills, I have stopped at farm after farm where lean, underfed long be· Temembered by the Church women and sickly men repeated again people in the old city of Nara-it was and again the same story-little food chosen for the consecration of the and no opportunity to get more. From beautiful new Christ Church.

these hills the people have streamed The old structure was inadequate into the coastal towns, increasing the and finally declared unsafe. About already severe unemployment situa- fifteen years ago a beautiful piece of tion there. Housing facilities, of property was bought adjoining Nara course, are woefully inadequate. Six Park, which encloses the temples and or seven people sometimes live in one other sacred buildings of this ancient small room. In some of the poorer capital.

quarters I have seen as many as ten There is an interesting custom in housed in a make-shift board room Japan of planting it palownia tree not more than twelve feet square. Of when a girl baby is born; when she is course, disease had spread, for living married, the tree is cut down and made conditions of this sort always beget into her wedding chest. With this in disease. mind the cOIiI,gregation of Christ I have seen mothers carrying babies Church planted palownia trees on the who were little skeletons. I have new property with a view to using watched in a classroom thin, pallid, them in the new church they hoped to little boys and girls trying to spur build "some years hence."

their brains to action when their little The city Juthorities would not allow bodies were underfed. I have seen any building to be placed within close them trying to study on only one proximity to the park which did not scanty meal a day, a meal of few beans harmonize in style of architecture and some rice. I have looked into the with that of the temples. Ther.e.siiJt kitchens of houses where a handful is a pure Tempyo period (eighth c~tI:'

of beans and a few plantains were the tury) group of classical Japait~se fare for the entire family. buildings–church and parish hori~

beautifully adapted to Christian use. sense of spiritual need.-W. H. Mur- The wood of the palownia trees has ray Watton, in "Church Missionary been used in much of the decoration. Outlook."

The day of the consecration was Kagawa Meetings in Japan stormy, but the church was packed. The service was one of the most im- THE Kingdom of God movement has pressive ever held in Japan; the been formally launched in 50 or rector, the Rev. D. Yoshimura, was more centers of the nation's life. the preacher, Bishop Nichols read the From Kanazawa a Baptist pastor consecration service, and Bishop Mc- writes: "Mr. Kagawa spoke two hours Kim celebrated Holy Communion. and a half to an audience of about 1,200. The aisles were crowded, some Newspaper Evangelism in Japan sitting only a few feet from the speaker. One hundred and fifty-five T HE newspaper articles still ev()ke .signed decision cards. With those of a response which shows no sign of the previous night that made 273 new falling off. During December, Jan- decisions; and I think they were all uary, and February we had 2,500 more really honest about it, because the 18 requests for information about Chris- assigned to my church were all found tianity, which brings the total to over to be true decisions and nine of them 25,000. We could multiply these fig- are to be baptized next Sunday." But ures tenfold if we had the means to another side of the picture is shown in take the opportunities before us. the following testimony: "In my city, the mayor refused us the use of the The papers are realizing to an in- city auditorium on the ground that creasing degree that they must pro- Kagawa is a pacifist and does not make vide religiQus reading matter for the the imperial house the center of all public. As a result of the response his loyalties and theology. Following which our articles have evoked in the this lead, none of the schools would re- Tokyo Nichi-nichi newspaper we have ceive his message, which so often persuaded the proprietors to start a stresses the conservatism amid which weekly religious column. Of course we Iive."-Ch1istian Century. they decide ultimately what is to go into it, and insert Buddhist as well as Business Depression in Ja.pan Christian articles; but they are looking to us to provide them with Chris- CONDITIONS in Japan are far from tian material regularly, and have happy. Despite the return to the Qffered to hand over to us any letters gold standard, the financial and ecothat may come to them as a result of nomic structure of the country is still the articles. When it is remembered suffering from a decade of acute dethat this paper has a daily circulation pression. Overinflation at the end of of over a million, we can appreciate the World War presaged the decline. the significance of this new step. In The terrible earthquake of 1923 inthe meantime our regular short adver- flicted appalling losses. From neither tisement articles are continuing. The of these two disasters has Japan yet response to them is so big that we fully recovered. They have had their dare not stop. These, of course, have repercussion in social conditions-in to be short, and are generally of a the increase of unrest among the topical character. workers and the importation of Com- munist slogans by a small group of We find as a result of a study of agitators. At the same time farthe applications that reach us that reaching political changes have been over ninety per cent ()f those who in progress. Full manhood suffrage apply seem to belong to the younger has only just been put into effect, and generation, and about seventy per cent party government is developing along of the total to the otherwise unreached new lines.-New Yark Times. country population. Quite an appreciable percentage definitely state their

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Korea Attitude Toward Japan The petitiDn shows that the endow- ment 'Of the Drganizqti.on consists 'Of I N KOREA, Japan has made almost $63,000 received in wills more than as brilliant a record in the material seventy~five years ago in which the development of the country in the donors directed that the inCDme be twenty years of its occupation from used for colonization. 1910 to 1930 as the United States has made in the Philippines in the same The application in the Supreme time. But, as in the Philippines, there Court was made necessary in 'Order tD is an almost unanimous demand for get permission to divert the income independence on the part of all edu- from the purpose f.or which the funds cated or awakened Koreans. They were originally intended. Dr. ThDmas make three indictments against Jap- Jesse Jones, WhD has been interested anese rule: (1) Its policy of "assim- in the education 'Of Negroes fDr ilation" or absorption, that would J ap- twenty years, signed the petition a·skanize everything and ignore or blot ing apprDval of apprDpriatiDns made out much that Koreans hold most 'Out of the funds 'Of the sDciety, 'Of dear; (2) the dictatorship of an auto- which he is secretary. – New York cratic foreign rule which makes all Times. the laws, appoints and holds all the chief offices themselves, and allows Position of WOlllen in Uganda much less liberty than in the Philippines or India; and (3) the economic T HE SynDd of 1930 will long be rediscrimination under which so many membered in the Church in Uganda impoverished Korean farmers are los- as one in which attentiDn was concening their land, while the Japanese reap trated 'On the po·sition of WDmen and the chief benefits in industry and com- 'On the cDnceptiDn 'Of Christian marmerce. The Koreans were left by riage. Two years before twelve WDmtheir own former government, that en delegates had been welcomed for was considered "the worst in Asia," the first time, but these were aU indolent and sadly divided among Europeans. NDW it has been decided themselves. But under the stern com- unanimously that at all future synDds pulsion of Japanese rule from without twelve African women shall have their and the inner impulse of a growingly place as members, and that three Christian civilization and education, women shall sit on the ruri-decanal Korea is making gratifying progress. councils. Japan will have to choose between making her like an embittered Ireland An epDch-marking decision was or like a prosperous and loyal Canada. reached about the rights of widows. -Sherwood Eddy, in "The Church- Hitherto they have been poorly proman." vided for as a rule. The synod agreed that the wife is the first to be con- AFRICA -sidered in the will 'Of a Christian man, and that not less than 'One-third 'Of the Would Spend $82,267 on Liberian prDperty ShDUld be left tD her.

Schools It is interesting tD note that the members 'Of synod included the kings BECAUSE colonization of Amer- of Buganda, BunyorD, and TDrD, the ican Negroes in Liberia is no katikiro 'Of Buganda and 'Of BunyorD, longer feasible, the New York State and other prominent African officials Colonization Society, organized in and chiefs, as well as clergy and lay 1855 to colonize "people of cDlDr of delegates. the United States 'On the coast of Africa, and thrDugh them civilize the The BishDp writes: "Such a body, African tribes," tDok legal steps in the educated and alive 'On mDral questiDns, Supreme CDurt, June 24, to spend and animated by the spirit of wisdDm $82,267 of its future incDme to aid and 'Of love, which is the Spirit of Liberia in education and sanitatiDn. GDd Himself, is and shDuld become increasingly an influence 'Of incalcu-

lable power in the country."-Church NORTH AMERICA Missionary Outlook. Twenty-five Years of Association Wonderful for Reducing Swelled Work Heads THE work of the Y. W. C. A. with K USITA, one of the oldest and Negro girls and women over a pe- staunchest of native Christian riod of twenty-five years was the subleaders in Sachikela, West Central ject recently for an interview of length Africa, was slowly sinking beneath the in the New York World. Since the chloroform administered by Doctors Negro girls and women have become Henry S. Hollenbeck and H. Veazie a part of the Y. W. C. A. the work has Markham, preparatory to a leg opera- grown from one center until today tion. A -steady stream of talk had there ar.e sixty-five branches, 150 issued from the old man's lips as the trained workers, 20,000 girls of teen anesthetic was taking effect. "Lord," age, more than 20,000 adults and 10,- he said, "it is not by their knowledge 000 girls employed in industrial and nor their skill that they are curing me, business pursuits to attest to its realbut by thy favor, Oh Lord. I trust ity and growth. Eva D. Bowles, who Thee to cure me and direct these is on the national staff and has helped doctors." Which, by and all, was not to integrate the programs so that the a bad point of view. – Missionary Negroes are included in all phases of Herald. the work, began her career approxi- mately twenty-five years ago. She as- Bantu Student Conference sumed her first position with the newly organized Y. W. C. A. for col- T HE Bantu -section of the Student ored girls in New York City. "There Christian Association of South is no way of authoritatively gauging Africa, held in June a representative the potent and wide-spread influence and interracial conference of students exerted by the Young Women's Chrisand other leaders of religious and so- tian Association among Neg roe s cial life. The purpose of the confer- throughout the nation in the last ence was to discover anew the mes- twenty-five years. Miss Bowles is sage and meaning of Christianity; to happy in the thought that the women interpret the will of a loving, active of her race have proved themselve-s God whose purposes for man go deeper capable of managing large budgets, of than surface appearances indicate; to being articulate in developing their determine how a knowledge of the will program in directing large staffs of of God through Christ may become workers."-American Friend. more effectively implicated in the practical problems of our life in South Lutheran Home MiS$ions Council of Africa; and finally to acquire, in larger measure, the secret of God's America gift of power, and to understand and obtain more of the adequacy of Jesus' THIS is the newest development in life and method of love. American Missions. The title i-s appealing-"Lutheran Home Missions The conference was representative Council of America." Five Lutheran of Bantu student life throughout bodies united to form it in Chicago, South Africa, and drew delegates from July 1st and 2d. Every vote after adjacent territories. In addition to thorough discussion was unanimous. the 150 Bantu students who attended We were conscious of the immediate there were present some 50 or 60 presence and guidance of God. European student.s from universities of the country. Early this year the Board of Amer- ican Missions of the United Lutheran Church issued an invitation to the presidents of the Norwegian Lutheran Church, Augustana Synod, United Danish Church, Joint Synod of Ohio

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and Iowa Synod to send representa- good or for ill, in the way it is tives to consider the advisability of transacted.

closer approach and cooperation in I propose that this convention create home missions in America. All of a special committee, or instruct the them responded favorably and ap- social service department of the ex- pointed delegates. They met in Chi- ecutive council, to make a thorough cago, and revealed a harmony of spirit investigation and study of the whole and clarity of vision which promise question of the church and industry great things. in this diocese, and to report their This is the plan; All Lutheran findings to the next meeting of this bodies in America are to be invited to convention. – From a Diocesan Ad- join the Lutheran Home Missions dress by Bishop Edwin A. Penick, Council. It is to be as widely repre- "Churchman."

sentative as it can be made. No group however small will be overlOl)ked. The Sununer Church Camps O field is the Western Hemisphere. Our NE of the most significant achieve- ments of the Brotherhood of St. aim is to establish and extend the Lutheran Church in Canada, the Andrew in recent years has been the United States including Alaska, the initiation and development of Church West Indies, Mexico, Central America camps for training in Christian leader- and South America. The possibilities ship. The object is to do two things.

are limitless. What an opportunity to First, to create a desire for leadership demonstrate Lutheran solidarity. – in the Church on the part of these Dr. F. F. Fry, in "News Bulletin" of growing young men. Second, to take National Luthemn Council. that desire and mould it and encour- age it in order to produce trained, Church in South to Study Labor deeply spiritual leadership in the DURING the past year North Caro- churchmen of tomorrow. lina has suffered from a notorious The methods used in these camps amount of undesirable publicity grow- are threefold; first, Sane Recreation; ing out of certain unfortunate inci- second, Sane Instruction; third, Sane dents in more than one industrial Religion. It is the testimony of centre. I trust that we shall not as- parishes, which have continuously sent sume that all is well and that trouble young men to attend these camps, that will never return again. they have returned bettered in every The fact is that industry is mi- way for their contacts made therein.

grating to the south and to the Pied- As one young man put it, "The camp mont section of the south. Oonditions stiffened my spiritual and moral back- of life and methods of work are chang- bone."-Living Church.

ing swiftly and with this economic transformation the church must keep Winner of the Spingarn Medal H pace. ENRY A. HUNT, Negro principal The problem is so enormous and so of the Fort Valley High and In- complex that expert knowledge in dustrial School, is the winner of the economics is required to understand sixteenth annual Spingarn Medal, some of its simplest ramifications. awarded to the American citizen of And yet it is a human problem. And African descent for "most distin- wherever human beings are concerned guished achievement in some honor- there is the interest and the business able field of human endeavor."

of the church. We refuse to admit The medal has been awarded to Mr.

that "business is business." We be- Hunt "for twenty-five years of modest, lieve rather that business like all cor- faithful, unselfish, and devoted service porate endeavor is ideally related to in the education of Negroes of rural the Kingdom of God for the simple Georgia. In the face of great difficul- reason that people are involved, for ties he has built up an excellent school

and has at all times advanced the cause The average attendance for the of hi-s race with tact, skill and in- Sabbath morning services in these tegrity." places shows a total -of over 27,000 persons; at the evening meetings The committee on award included: during the week the average attend- Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of ance is 8,550. At the women's meet- Porto Rico, and James H. Dillard, Di- ings during the week the average atrector of the Jeanes and Slater Funds. tendance is 8,200. Some of the con- -New York Times. gregations show an average attend- ance of from 300 to almo-st 900; for Home Missionaries Needed example, at Assiut (not including the college or the Pressly Memorial Insti- SEVERAL positions will be open in tute) the average attendance is 880; the fall under the Woman's Home at Nekhelia it is 600; at El Kom el Missionary Society. Among the most Akdar it is 410; and at each of tWG urgent calls are the following: Home Cairo cGngregations it is over 400. Economics teachers in mountain and N egr-o schools; an instructor in There are 117 'Ordained ministers science in a white schGol, who has had of whom 103 are pastors of CGngregatwenty-four semester hours work in tions. There are 31 licensed preachers science and twelve semester hours and 'Over 500 irregular teachers in the work in education, and whG can teach Egyptian Church. There are 10 c'Onphysics in 1930-31; a music and art gregatiGns in the city of CairG which teacher in a white school. A training have their own pastors and of these 5 school also needs an instructor in so- are entirely self-supporting; 281 Sabcial welfare and psychology who holds bath schoGls with 23,683 pupils and a Master's degree; an instructor with 1,067 teachers; 214 day and boarding a similar degree to offer theory courses schools identified with this Evangelical and supervise the demonstration school Church, of which 151 are for boys and in the department of kindergarten 63 for girls, with an attendance of education; also a teacher of either 12,263 boys and young men, and 6,940 public school art and voice, or teacher girls, i. e., a t()tal of 19,203, 'Of whom of the kindergarten demonstration 3,974 are M'Ohammedans. There are school and voice. Miss Muriel Day, 127 young pe'Ople's organizatiGns with 420 Plum Street, Cincinnati, Ohio, will a membership of 4,474. supply applicatiGn blank and further information. The total budget for carrying on all the w'Ork conducted by the Church in WESTERN ASIA Egypt amounts to over $420,000. It is true that this includes 'Over $250,000 Evangelical Ohurch in Egypt income from schools and which is not, therefGre, to be oonsidered as gen- I T MAY interest the Church at home uinely given for the support of evan- to have some of the following data gelistic work. Yet there is an expense concerning the Church in Egypt: of $150,000 for the conduct 'Of the churches, including 'Over $37,000 for There are 20,200 communicants in the running expenses 'Of the congrethe churches between Alexandria and gations and over $22,000 for the evanthe Sobat River in the Sudan. There gelization of districts from these conare fully twice that number who gregations.-Dr. R. S. McClenahan, in gather with these members, so that "The United Pre8byterian." one may think of this Protestant c-ommunity in Egypt as being from 50,000 Health Wagon in the Near East to 60,000. There are 451 centers of preaching, of which 126 are organized THE itinerant health service ()f the congregations and 325 are larger or Near East Foundation is a g'Ood smaller gatherings for w 0 r s hip, example of its welfare and educati'Onal usually without their church buildings w'Ork in Bible lands, which already has at the present time. Often the meetings are held in private homes, whether in the cities or villages.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

been divided into some 21 projects. of the New Testament. They have Health wagons serve poverty-stricken, done it to compare the Christian doctorless and nurseless villages in Scriptures with the Koran, but the Armenia and Syria. Capable nurses, sword of the Spirit has entered the most of whom have been trained in heart of Islam. the American orphanage schools, combat disease and attack causes-insani- Treaty for Iraq Independence tary conditions, filth, physical neglect, ignorance, undernourishment. A wag- A HUGE financial burden is to be on visits 30 to 40 villages a month, lifted from the shoulders of Britgiving 5,000 to 8,000 treatments each ish taxpayers by the termination of a year. The nurses carry their own Britain's mandatory control of Iraq medicines, antiseptics, disinfectants, (Mesopotamia) . canned food, bedding, courage and cheer. They perform minor surgical A treaty was signed in Baghdad operations, set bones, treat ailments, July 1st by the British High Commisteach proper child care-one has ex- sioner and the Iraq Ministers, under tracted 484 teeth. Improved sanitary which Iraq will aut.omatically come and living conditions follow the into complete independence on entermonthly visits to the villages, where ing the League of Nations in 1932. the native home is often a windowless, The treaty provides that Iraq will aschimneyless, furnitureless stone-and- sume sole responsibility for its own Bod shelter for both family and cattle. affairs, for maintaining internal se- curity and, subject to the terms of the Four of these wagons are now in alliance, for the defense of the counoperation. Ten more are needed. The try against foreign aggression. Furitinerant health wagon service costs thermore, Britain will recognize the $225 a month; $665 equips a wagon; automatic termination of her manda- $490 pays a nurse's salary for a year. tory responsibilities as soon as the Near East Foundation, Cleveland E. treaty comes into operation. All Brit- Dodge, president, ha·s been incor- ish forces are to be withdrawn from porated at the request of the board of Hinaidi, a big air-force station seven trustees of Near East Relief to carry miles from Baghdad, and from Mosul on this and twenty other types of within a period of five years from the service to rural and refugee people in enforcement .of the treaty, when Iraq Bible lands. – R e cor d of Christian will lease to Britain three air bases Work. to the west of the Euphrates and Shat- aI-Arab. Moslems Read the Bible The treaty will be operative for T HERE never W3iS a time when twenty-five years, but any time after there was such readiness to receive twenty years a new pact may be neand read the printed page, or when gotiated for the safety of the main Moslems all over the Moslem world air routes and British imperial comwere so eager to posse·ss themselves munications. of Christian literature and to study it. The unrest in Islam today is un- Any disagreement is to be referred doubtedly largly due to the fact that to the Council of the League of Nathe Moslems have taken to reading, tions. and as they read they realize that they themselves and Islam are behind the The extreme Nationalists are not times and want to be brought up to satisfied with the treaty. Neither is date. The EI-Azhar University in the European business community. Cairo, the stronghold of Islam, has But moderate opinion here is that the purchased a thousand copies of the treaty is the method of moving from Bible in Arabic and a thousand copies the status of a mandated territory to independence. The religious minori- ties, Jews and Christians, want the British to remain.-New York Times.

EUROPE requests from some of the bishops overseas for guidance in the problems Proposed Protestant Credit Associa- with which they were confronted. At each succeeding conference the needs tion of the younger churches have de- manded increasing'attention, and it is THE Protestant churches of the not surprising that at the end of a Continent are gradually recover- decade of unparalleled growth, mo·st ing from the impoverishment caused .of the discussions will vitally concern by the World War, but the struggle the future of these younger churches. to maintain their churches and schools is still severe. To start any new work There was a time when the probwithout borrowing money for build- lems facing the younger and older ing operatIons and purchase of land churches were largely different, but is out of the question. Nowhere in that time has passed. Does the church Europe is money obtainable for less in India, China, Dr Persia feel that than 12 or 13%. In Poland 18% is Christian unity is essential if it is tD the rule. The Central Bureau of Re- bear witness effectively? The need lief of the Evangelical Churches of here is identical, although it seems Europe, in, Geneva, is working hard to be far too little recognized, especion the project of a Protestant Credit ally by the laity. A divided church Association w h i c h will furnish cannot meet the challenge of the preschurches and institutions with loans ent situation. at a moderate -rate of interest. Europeans are experienced in the handling To the C. M. S. has been given the of such cooperative enterprises, and privilege and responsibility .of sharwith some assistance from America ing in the building up .of the church in the raising of a capital fund, this in thirty-tWD dioceses overseas. We plan shDuld be successfully put thank God for the vigor and devotion through. It would be a great boon to of the younger churches; we realize the European churches, for many in- -something of their difficulties and stitutions and parishes, who.se needs their shDrtcomings, and pray that tD would scarcely justify emergency re- them, as to us, may come renewal of lief, are terribly hard up for lack of life through the power of the Holy an adequate plant. Spirit.-Church Missionary Outlook.

First Ordination of French Woman English Items THE first woman to be ordained a THE warm tribute paid by the Si- minister in French Protestantism mon Report to Christian missions was recently consecrated to the min- has given great pleasure to our misistry. sionary societies. Sir John Simon himself visited several mis-sion hos- Mlle. Bertsch has -served for three pitals and schools while in India on years as pastor of the Reformed the work of his Commission …… A Church of Mulhouse, showing so much writer in the Scots Observer points tact and capacity and fidelity that no out that Miss Amy Johnson's achieveobjection was raised against her or- ment would have been impossible but dination.-Record of Christian Work. for Foreign Missions. It was the pas- tor of a native church who sheltered Lambeth Conference and C. M. s. her when she landed at TimDr. What "T AMBETH 1930" claims a large if that had still been a cannibal is- land? …… The annual meeting of L place in .our thDUghts and the Conference of British Missionary Societies stressed the need of Chrisprayers this mDnth. The Conference tian literature for China and Africa. meets at a critical moment in the life -London Correspondence of T"M .of the Church here and .overseas, and Churchman. the responsibility of those who take part in it can scarcely be exaggerated.

The first Lambeth Conference was held in 1867, and owed its origin tD

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt ofprice.-THE REVIEW.

The Philippines Past and Present. By have been added by Ralston Hayden, Dean C. Worcester. 862 pp. $6. Professor of Political Science in the Macmillan. New York. University of Michigan. Two maps, 144 plates, a bibliography and six ap- The name of Worcester stands high pendices add to the value and attracon the roll of Americans who have tiveness of this monumental work, and rendered distinguished service to their a copious index makes its vast stores country and to other lands. When, in of information easily available for 1900, President McKinley decided to reference. appoint a Philippine Commission, the public at once felt that the eminent Jungle Portraits. By Delia J. Akeley. 251 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New York. Professor 0:( Zoology in the University of Michigan would be appointed a member of it, for he had spent three It would be difficult to mention a and a half years in the Archipelago as more fascinating book of travel than a zoological collector half a decade be- this. The author made three expedifore it came under American control tions to Africa with her husband and so that he knew it better than any a fourth visit with no white comother American. He served as a mem- panions at all. In this volume she deber of the Commission for thirteen scribes some of the most interesting years (1900-1913) and for twelve experiences of these journeys-advenyears of that period he was Secretary tures with elephants, crocodiles, apes of the Interior in the Government. and pygmies. She penetrated far into He was an influential factor in the the heart of the Dark Continent, livlarge and important work of legisla- ing for weeks in native villages whose tion and reconstruction. He was a rude inhabitants had seldom, and in masterful and determined man and he some instances never, seen a white made some enemies; but no one ques- woman, enduring all sorts of privationed his ability and integrity as an tions, and passing through an astonadministrator, his thorough scientific ishing number of startling adventures knowledge of the Philippines and his and hairbreadth escapes. She tens the devotion to what he believed to be story in a remarkably graphic and their best interests. In 1914, he pub- interesting way and at the same time lished in two volumes the result of his makes a valuable addition to the observations and experience, volumes world's knowledge of African scenery. which were at once recognized as the fauna, flora and peoples, including the most complete and authoritative ac- elusive and little known pygmies. Few count of the Islands. chapters in any book of adventure are The present work is a revised edi- more thrilling than the account of her tion in one handsome volume of the night journey of many miles through original two-volume work. All the valu- the jungles to rescue her husband who able material in the former edition has had been wounded by an enraged elebeen retained but the record has been phant and deserted by his frightened brought down to date, a biographi- native attendants. She took many cal sketch of the author, who died photographs, fifty of which are reproin 1924, and four additional chapters duced in this handsome volume. In 717

spite of her nerve-racking experiences, in New England. His environment, this indomitable explorer is now in therefore, has been advantageous for Africa again, living among the pyg- writing such a story. The chapters mies and making a special study of which relate to the gold rushes, social their life, having undertaken this fifth and intellectual growth, and economic expedition under the auspices of the development are capital.

Brooklyn Museum. The author deems it necessary to correct the many misapprehensions What Is Lutheranism1 Edited by Vir- existent about the climate of Alaska.

gilius Fern. 307 pp. $2.50. Mac- When it is recalled that Alaska is in millan. New York. the same latitude as Norway, Sweden This is a symposium by twelve Lutheran writers all of whom answer and Finland, has a larger arable area the same question. As a result there is some repetition but not enough to than those three countries, and that lesson interest. On the other hand there are significant differences of they support populations running into viewpoint and emphasis and even of opInIOn. While claiming for Luth- millions, it can be seen that climatic eranism a unique unity the writers nevertheless admit the existence of conditions will not ultimately act a8 a differences among Lutherans which are unmistakably wider than some of barrier against the incoming of a the differences between the Lutherans who wrote this book and many non- large population. This is especially Lutherans. true in view of the fact that the reo The identical claims which these authors make for Lutheranism are sources of Alaska are opulent. made by many other Christians for their groups, and many a Presbyterian This volume may be commended to reading here would think that some fellow Presbyterian was setting forth those who wish to have within a rea. their common Presbyterian faith, when as a matter of fact the writer sonable compass an authoritative his.

tory of this possession of the United States. The story of the purchase of Alaska is well told and reads like a romance.

In such a fine volume as this one regrets to find that the silly legend relating to the undue influence of early Presbyterian missionaries at Washington is given so much cre- dence. A. J. MONTGOMERY.

is claiming something which he re- A Padre in Paraguay. By C. E. Newbould. gards as peculiarly and only Lutheran. 192 pp. $2.40. Macmillan. New York.

One is struck by the expected em- This volume contains the narration phasis on the death of Christ and on by a Church of England clergyman of justification by faith, but by the un- his experiences in Argentina, Para· expected neglect of emphasis on the guay and southwestern Brazil during Resurrection. Some of the writers do the twenty years he spent there. He not mention it at all. The affirmations tells of his contacts with the British and inclusions of this volume are in these regions and among them a noble, but its denials and exclusions group of Englishmen who, having are a sad indication of how little after tried a socialistic venture in Australia, all we really know of one another in settled in the wilds of Paraguay. Of the evangelical household. interest to American readers is the ROBERT E. SPEER. author's point of view regarding the Roman Catholic clergy in South HistorY of Alaska. Henry W. Clark. America and his pleasant encounters $2.50. Macmillan. New York. with them.

This modest volume of about 200 He describes his experiences among pages is easily the best modern his- the Indians, explaining many of their tory of that neglected territory. The ancient customs and traditions in a author was born in Alaska and trained most ~ympathetic way. His style is

BOOKS WORTH READING

interesting and intimate, since the missionary, we find the same mingled book is issued "chiefly for his many strength and tenderness that General friends," as we are told in the preface. Gordon had, and rare skill and devo- The atmosphere of remote places is tion in dealing single-handed with the well conveyed to the reader. A chap- wild children of barbarism.

ter describing life in a Brazilian min- ing town is especially impressive. The Lady Missionaries in Many Lands. By E. book is apparently intended for Brit- R. Pitman, $1.

ish readers. It contributes little in- Tells in a bright, readable way the formation concerning Latin American life stories of Ann H. Judson, of Bur- life. S. G. INMAN. mah; Mrs. George Johnston, of the West Indies; Mrs. Samuel Gobat, of Two Pioneers: Life Sketches of Thomas Abyssinia; Mrs. Wilkinson, of Zulu- and Mark Botham of the China Inland land, and Mrs. David Cargill, of the Friendly and Fiji Islands. Mission. By Mrs. Mark Botham. Il- lustrations and map. 168 pp. 58. Mar- shal!, Morgan & Scott. London. 1929. In the Land of the Santals. By Mathew A. Pederson. Revell, New York. $1.25. There is something fascinating and challenging about these sketches of A story of people in North India, two pioneers, father and son, in the describing their lives and customs in far northwest of China. Both were an interesting way. sturdy trail blazers, the former open- ing up that part of China to the Gos- pel in the "'80's" and "'90's" of the BRIEF MENTION last century, the latter constituting the Among the smaller books that have vanguard of specialized missionary ef- recently been published several are fort in behalf of the millions of Chi- now upon our desk that deserve mennese Moslems for whom nothing tion in this department of "Books adequate has even yet been done. The Worth Reading." passionate zeal and unremitting labors of these heroic souls consumed their THE EASTERN COLOUR OF THE BIBLE physical powers before either had (Revell, New York. $1.20), by George lived half the normal span of human H. Scherer, Secretary of the Bible life. But their lives, lived on a lofty Lands Sunday School Union for Chrisspiritual plane and invested in the tian Education, is a well written and noblest of enterprises, bore rich fruit- helpful account of the lives, customs age. The aged widow of Thomas and spirit of the men and women of Botham and a sister of Mark Botham the Old and New Testaments. are still serving devotedly in the China Inland Mission in that distant RED MEN ON THE BIG HORN (Jud- Chinese province of Kansu. The book, son Press, New YQrk. $1) is by Coe written by the widow of the younger Hayne, the well-known Secretary of Botham, displays literary talent, and the American Baptist Home Mission presents interesting pictures of Chi- Society and Chairman of the Joint nese life in the interior and useful Committee on Literature of the Home information about the little-known Missions Council. He tells in a graph- Moslems of that region. A foreword ic way the story of the famous chiefis supplied by Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. tain, Swift Eagle, based on legends of the Crow Indians as told by Chief R. H. GLOVER. Plenty Crows to his son. The book is full of human interest and is attrac- Captain Allen Gardiner. By Jesse Page. tively illustrated.

80 cents. IN THE WAITING ISLES (Judson A splendid story of a radiant life Press, New York. $1.25) Charles S.

entrusted with the souls of men living Detweiler, Secretary for South Amer- in ignorance and superstition. In this ica of the American Baptist Home fine naval officer who became a great Mission Society, has described his

rich and varied experience as a mis- accept their share of responsibility in sionary among Spanish-speaking peo- making that ideal a reality; and for ples. No man better knows Cuba, all who believe in educating for peace.

Haiti, Porto Rico and the adjacent The eifectivenes,s of many sermons islands, and we do not see how any- and of many addresses at conferences one could have presented their salient and other meetings is so frequently characteristics and their religious marred by faulty delivery, that every- needs in a more cogent way. one who is called upon to preach or INDIA LOOKS TO HER FUTURE speak should read SPEAKING IN PUB- (Friendship Press, New York. $1) LIC, by Arthur Stevens Phelps, (Richis from the competent pen of Oscar ard R. Smith, New York. $2). While MacMillan Buck, Professor of Mis- the book is intended primarily for sions and Comparative Religion in ministers, its wisdom and breadth Drew Theological Seminary. Those make it a good book for all public who do not have the time or inclina- speakers. The author writes out of tion to read the large books on India, long and successful experience as the and who are confused by the conflict- Professor of Public Speaking in the ing reports in the daily press, will find Berkeley Baptist Divinity School.

in this compact little volume just the "AAYI"-GLIMPSES OF ROSALIE HAR- reliable information that they desire. VEY, by A. Donald Miller. (45 pp. Pa- The Church Mi,ssionary Society of per, 50c. Mission to Lepers. London.) the Church of England has set a good This little booklet is a sympathetic example to other missionary boards account of an honored missionary of in publishing the story of its mission- the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission aries' work in the year 1929-1930 in in India, who has labored in a spirit an attractive little volume under the of beautiful devotion for those whom title PRESSING FORWARD (C. M. S., the author calls, "her friends, the London. 40c). lepers."

WHAT'S RIGHT WITH THE RURAL THE MADCAP FAMILY, by Amy Le CHURCH (Presbyterian Board of Feuvre (Pickering and Inglis, London. Christian Education, Philadelphia. $1) is another volume in the Golden 75c paper, $1 cloth) is a suggestive Crown Library Series of books for application of Christian principles to children, the object being to present the problems of rural life, by Ralph the Christian life in the form' of an A. Felton. It presents a large and interesting story. It is an excellent varied amount of information and is book for the Sunday-school library and conveniently arranged for use as a for home reading to boys and girls.

textbook. The following five books are from the publishing hou,se of Pickering and EDUCATING FOR PEACE (Pilgrim Inglis, London, all written from the Press, Boston. $2), by Elizabeth Mil- viewpoint of the verbal inspiration ler Lobingier and John Leslie Lobing- and inerrancy of the Bible and for the ier, is an excellent book for teachers purpose of strengthening faith and who want their work to count in the devotion. cause of world friendship; for parents who want international-mindedness THE INSPIRATION AND ACCURACY OF reflected in the home atmosphere; for THE HOLY SCRIPTURES, by John Urministers who desire to see the church quhart, ($2), discusses the Scripture become an educator for world peace; doctrine of inspiration, the genesis of for church school workers who desire rationalism, and critical results tested to include in the religion they teach by modern discovery. THE GOSPEL OF the most vital problem in the world THE BIBLE, by W. E. Vine, M.A. ($1), today; for the rank and ,file of patri- deals with the central evangelical otic citizens who cherish the ideal of themes of the Bible and the manner world brotherhood and are ready to in which they should be taught. DIF-

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1928

BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW

Interdenominational WILBERT W. WHITE, President T~d~~~:-~~~e~:e~~:~~;~~g.~~~(~~~f:~I~ ~:;tee~~~idyTO~echoii!"t;:1~1:C1~i~ ~h~~:t~~i~~Y,t~~;c~ofo;!:~ and philosophical modes of approach, under the professors of the subjects indicated.

Tile De~rtment 01 ReUglous Educa.tlon.. A ('ourse for Bible teachers in colleges, directors of religious edUL'atlDn. reHgjous work secretaries, and other Chri.stian Jeaders.

The Departlllen.t of . . . .10… A course with the missionary candidate's needs especially provided for, in Bible study and subjeets essential In missionary preparation.

The Departlllent .f Soela1 SerYlce. A course for workers in settlemf"nts. community service and other branches of social service.

De.rees. By the authority of the Board of Re~enh of the LJniversity of the State of New York, the degrees of S.T.B., S.T.M , S.T.D.• B.R.E.. M.ILK. and n.R.E. may be ('onferred upon Rtudents who ~atisfactorily complete the prescrihed course. ThE' Bihlkal Seminary al:olo cu·operates with the School of Education of New York University in offering courses leading to the degrees of M.A. and Ph.D. Send lor the N.w Catolo, THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK Publishers THE BIBLICAL REVIEW 235 East 49th Street, New York A MISSIONARY MEETING 'Twas once upon a time they met to talk of mission work- The Indian, the Arabian, the habits of the Turk. Mr. Fearful and Miss Cautious, Mr. Stingy and Miss Slow, All waited anxiously to hear what everyone should know.

The president walked to the chair; for order gave a rap: "Our business first is foreign work; so study well this map.

Far off in darkest heathen lands some money must be given; This was our Saviour's last command before He went to heaven."

Miss Cautious spoke: "We can't afford to help across the sea; Those people are too far away. It always seems to me That here on our own continent are needs much greater there. I move that foreign work be dropped; and then I'll give my share."

This motion seconded at once, the foreign work was lost, Because the needs were great at home; they had to count the cost. But now another voice was heard, the speaker was Miss Slow: "Domestic work may be all right; but I for one say 'No!'

"I move that we go slowly; our church we must repair: For charity begins at home, so why send money there? So I sUl!'gest we henceforth drop all missions from our work. We canYt afford to labor for the Indian or for Turk."

The motion seconded at once, all mission work was lost, Because the church must be repaired, and they must count the cost, Then Mr. Stingy rose, and said: "My friends, I cannot see Why you are ever trying to get more money out of me.

"You know my family is large; my money I much need; I have so many clothes to buy, so many mouths to feed. I move that all this church expense be left for richer people; These are the ones to run the church ana·~uard from steps to steeple."

The motion seconded at once, the debts were left to others, For well they knew the church roll gave the names of richer brothers, Then carne a voice, a feeble one, which said: "I can't afford To help my family along; 1 leave them with the Lord.

"I earn enough to keep myself, and hope some corning year To have enough laid up in bank to read my title clear." Then all the members said: "You're right. We owe ourselves a debt." So each one closed his pocketbook. They've not been opened yet.

But this was many years ago, full fifty years or more. We in a n~w creation live; such meetings we deplore. How grieved we feel that long ago the people did not know That giving brings rich blessings, and we reap just as we sow.

-Adapted from Mrs. Peter Stryker.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adverUrera. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor AUGUST TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FRONTISPIECE-THE MOST NORTHERN MISSION STATION IN THE WORLD PROTESTANTISM IN LATIN LANDS ………….. KENNETH D. MILLER 613 LINKING THE TWO AMERICAS ……………… CHARLES A. THOMSON 619 CROOKED NECK CHARLIE …•………………•…. HARRIET R. KING 624 GLIMPSES OF MODERN GREECE ……..•..•….•..• CHARLES T. RIGGS 625 ROMANCE AND REALITY IN ALASKA ……….•… A. J. MONTGOMERY 629 WOMAN'S RIGHTS IN TURKEY •…………….. A TURKISH EDITORIAL 636 CANADA AS A MISSION FIELD …•…•…•..•…….. COLIN G. YOUNG 637 HOME MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN CANADA …. • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . • . . • . . • . . . . . . . •W. A. CAMERON 642 AMERICA'S GREATEST CONTRIBUTION TO EGYPT … WAHBY BOULUS 644 EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY IN ITALy ..••.. ALBERT G. MACKINNON 645 AN APOSTLE OF CHRIST IN NEW BRITAIN ……….. J. H. MARGETTS 648 THE VITALITY OF MORMONISM. _. ___ . __ …… _…. " . WM. M. PADEN 650 CHINESE CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE STOOD ….. __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 656 BEST METHODS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ………. _.. MRS. C. K. LIPPARD 657 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ……. -……………… . . . . . . . • . • . • . . • . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 663 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ………………………… . • . . . . . . • • . • • . • . • . • • . . . • . . • • . . • . . . . . . . EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 667 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……………………………………… 670 BOOKS WORTH READING •.••..••.•…….•……••………….••… 686 TERMS: $2.150 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 150 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CoMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vlae·Pre8ide,., DELAVAN L. PIEItSON, Secretary WALTIlR McDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication Office, 3d & Reily St•., Harrisbnrg, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Buslne•• Office, 156 Fl!th Avenue, New York City Entered aB second-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act or March 3, 1879. PERSONALS Eight years ago these two Councils DR. JOHN R. MOTT has resigned as started to place interdenominational Re- General Secretary of the National Coun- ligious Work Directors in the Governcil of the Young Men's Christian Association to devote his whole time to the ment Schools for Indians. There are at work of the International Missionary present six Directors serving eight Council, of which he is Chairman. His resignation becomes effective in October. schools to promote Bible instruction, constructive social relationships, and Dr. Matt will continue as President of student activities. the World's Alliance of the Young Men's Christian Associations. In his new Miss Brickman is eminently qualified capacity he will develop the plans outlined at the recent meeting of the Coun- for her new work, having been Student cil at Jerusalem. Secretary at Michigan State Normal Col- In October, Dr. Mott will start on a lege and for over ten years Girl Reserve world tour, after which he will make his headquarters in New York and Geneva. Secretary in the Young Women's Chris- tian Association, Detroit, Michigan, and office executive with the National Board in New York, and General Secretary in Riga, Latvia.

T. H. P. SAIL"ER," PH* .D., author, re- (lOMING EVENTS cently Educational Adviser to the Board Victorious Life Conferences, Keswick of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Grove, N. J., Aug. 4-12, 18-26, and Aug. Church in the U _ S. A., and Associate 31-Sept. 3. in Education at Columbia University, has joined the staff of the Missionary National Con v e n t ion, Evangelical Education Movement. He has given up League, Evangelical Synod, Milwaukee, his work at Columbia in order to devote Wis., Aug. 7-12. his entire time to experimental work in religious and missionary education. National Association of Workers Among Colored People, Winston-Salem, *** N. C., Aug. 14-19.

REV. DR. AND MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, International Christian Press Conferof the Methodist Episcopal Church, re- ence, Cologne, Germany, Aug. 16-22. turned in June to their field in the Belgian Congo, thus making their fifth World Youth Peace Congress, Eerde, Holland, Aug. 17-26. .. .." voyage to Africa. MRS. W. T. HOBART, of the American World Alliance for International Methodist Episcopal Mission, Tianfu, a Friendship Through the Churches, station about thirty miles south of Tsian- Prague, Czecho-Slovakia, Aug. 24-30. fu, China, was killed on April 29th by a bullet fired into her bedroom, and ap- Human Relations in Industry Conferparently aimed at the missionary by one ence, Silver Bay, New York, Aug. 29of the southern soldiers. Mrs. Hobart Sept. 2. was born in Flushing, L. I., and went to China forty-six years ago where she Universal Christian Conference on rendered distinguished service with her Life and Work, Prague, Czecho-Slovakia, husband who is still on the field. Aug. 31-Sept. 5.

REV. YONETARO *MA*TSUI has been National Baptist Convention, Louis- ville, Ky., Sept. 4-10. elected Bishop of Tokyo, to succeed the late Bishop Motoda. Preliminary Meeting for Universal Religious Peace Conference, Geneva, *** Switzerland, Sept. 12-14.

DUGALD CAMPBELL, African traveler Biennial National Convention, Evanand author, has undertaken a two-year gelical Brotherhood, Evangelical Synod, expedition for the National Bible So- Indianapolis, Ind., Sept. 16-19. ciety of Scotland, to sell Scriptures, mainly Arabic and French, throughout Convention, Women's Missionary Sothe Sahara. He is to begin his tour at ciety, United Lutheran Church, Johns- Senegal and end in the Anglo-Egyptian town, Pa., Sept. 22-27. Sudan. Convention of the United Lutheran "*" Church, Erie, Pa., Oct. 9-.

MISS HELEN M. BRICKMAN has ac- General Convention of the Protestant cepted the position of Director of Reli- Episcopal Church, Washington, D. C., gious Work for Indian Schools, serving Oct. 10-. in executive capacity under the Home Missions Council and Council of Women American Board of Commissioners for for Home Missions beginning September Foreign Missions (Congregational), An- 1st. Her headquarters will be the office nual Meeting, Bridgeport, Conn., Oct. 16of the Council of Women for Home Mis- 18. sions, 105 East 22d Street, New York International Goodwill Congress, New City. York, N. Y., Nov. 11-13.

National In t err a cia I Conference, Washington, D. C., Nov. 18-2l.

Federal Council of the Churches, Quadrennial Meeting, Rochester, N. Y., Dec. 5-12.

Fourth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, Washington, D. C., Jan. 14·18, 1929.

Hospital Manse Church Schoolhou••

THE SKYLINE AT POINT BARROW-SEEN BY WILKINS ON HIS FLIGHT TO SPITZBERGEN i A WINTER VIEW Oli' A SU:lDIER RESORT! AN IGLOO A']' POIN']' BARROW, ALASKA A SUlIllllER HOME IN A WINTRY LAND- ·POINT BARROW THE MOST NORTHERN MISSION STATION IN THE WORLD

LI, No.8 August

PROTESTANTISM IN LATIN LANDS BY KENNETH D. MILLER, New York American Repre8entative at the Burea" tar the Reliet of the Evangelical ahurcheB of Europe C AN Protestantism make any thought and liberty of conscience headway in the Latin coun- thrive only among the practically tries?· Is the Protestant ap- minded folk of northern climes?

proach to Christianity adapted Or is the division between Prot- only to the Teutonic mind? estant and Catholic nations to be A casual glance at a map of explained purely on the ground Europe showing the religious af- of accidental historical causes?

filiations of the population would Are the racial characteristics of lead one to believe that Protestant- the Latins the causes of their re- ism is a type of religion which ligious affiliations? Or are they grips the Nordic peoples but leaves rather an effect?

the Latins cold. Protestantism is Such questions cannot be an- found to be dominant in the north- swered without an examination of ern countries only-Great Britain, the present extent and influence of Scandinavia, Holland and Switzer- Protestantism in the Latin coun- land. France, Belgium, Spain, tries. For Protestantism has a Portugal and Italy are almost sol- foothold in each of the Latin coun- idly Roman Catholic. In Germany, tries. It makes its influence felt Ireland and Switzerland the north- despite its numerical inferiority, ern section is predominantly Prot- and in some of the Latin countries estant, the southern is Roman the Protestant churches exercise Catholic. a very potent influence.

Here is a field for the investi- Such is the case in the French gations of a scientist anxious to cantons of Switzerland where the discover the influence of geography 500,000 Protestants form two and climate upon human behavior. thirds of the French population Is the Latin race, as such, so con- and one fifth of the total Protes- stituted that it cannot be led to tant population of the country.

adopt the Protestant modes of This is the only country where thought? Is there some connec- Protestants form a majority of a tion between emotional tempera- Latin population. Also it is the ment and ritual and external only instance where the Protes- authority? Does independence of tant group forms a compact unit 613

so that it is in a position to ex- to such a condition, the Church ercise a direct influence upon the must carryon an aggressive mislife about it. The strength of sionary work. It must make of Protestantism in French Switzer- every church a center of evangelland is traceable directly to Cal- ism, and it must organize a home vin and to the important role missionary work to reach those played by Geneva in the Reforma- sections where no organized church tion. The religious freedom ac- is located. corded by S wit z e r I and for centuries has given the seed of the There is plenty of field for such Reformation ample opportunity to activity without giving any justigrow and develop into a sturdy fication to the charge of proselyttree. ing. Even Catholic statisticians do not place the number of prac- The Fight in France ticing Catholics at more than one fourth of the population. The In France these conditions are French evangelical churches are not present. The Protestants there aggressively missionary. Such orform a minority of one million in ganizations as La Societe Centrale a population of forty million, and Evangelique, La Cause and La of the million Protestants one Mission Populaire Evangelique are third are German-speaking Luth- rendering heroic service to bring erans of Alsace. Furthermore, the the Gospel to the masses which are Protestants of France are widely now out of touch with any and all scattered. Of the ninety depart- churches. In addition, the French ments of France, there are only churches are recognizing their rethirty where there is any appre- sponsibility for the spiritual welciable Protestant popUlation. In fare of the 2,845,000 immigrants two governments there is not a from central and eastern Europe single Protestant church. The old who have flocked into the indushistoric Huguenot congregations in trial centers during the war. The the south of France are breaking Paris Missionary Society is the up with the migration of their agency of the French churches for young people to the urban centers. the conduct of missionary work in. The Protestant minority is scat- seven fields in South Africa, tered all over France and is becom- Madagascar and the French coloing more scattered every day. To nial possessions, and its work combe sure, more than 80,000 Protes- pares favorably with that of any tants have been gathered into the foreign missionary agency in the churches which have been built in world. Paris, but thousands of others were lost to the Church when they French Protestants are the spirleft their peasant homes. itual heirs of the Huguenots. They are ever conscious that it is their Under such conditions, the Prot- duty to maintain liberty of conestant Church is faced with a fight science against oppressive authorfor its very existence. It must ity. They feel that the massacre of three thousand Protestants at minh;ter to a diasl)ora, and keel) Toulouse, and the exploits of Ad- miral Coligny and the Prince of in touch with those Protestants Conde, did as much for French who have moved into a Catholic freedom as Washington did for the or irreligious environment. To offset the inevitable losses incident

PROTESTANTISM IN LATIN LANDS

liberties of America. The seventy more grimly persevering in their thousand martyrs who fell after religious views. They number over St. Bartholomew's day are as dear 40,000 souls, over half the total to them as are the Scottish martyrs Protestant population of Italy, and or the men who died at Bunker are to be found not only in their Hill to their countrymen. With ancient stronghold in the Walden- a revival of interest in the Catho- sian valleys, but all over Italy. In lic Church on the part of many their missionary work in the towns and a continuing indifference to all and cities of Italy, the Churches religions on the part of the masses, of the Valley are aided by friends the Protestant Church feels that from abroad, of which the Walden- it has a real mission in France. sian Aid Society of the United It is called upon to witness and States is the most generous. Free contend for liberty of conscience speech, free press, free worship, and freedom from state control of spiritual independence and the religious organizations. And it is open Bible, are values which Italy also clearly called to spend itself and Christendom can ill afford to in the effort to bring the now un- lose in these days of reaction and churched millions under the sway dictatorships. This historic Prot- of Christ. That this can be done estant Church is rendering a great without bitter controversy, the service to the entire Italian people.

French Protestants are demon- Interest in Belgium strating. They distinguish between persecution and opposition at the In the other Latin countries, polls, between intolerance and hon- Protestantism represents not so est disagreement. An observance much an indigenous, historic body, of these distinctions by the author- but the result of the missionary ities of Rome would do much to and evangelistic work of Protes- relieve the tension of the religious tants of other lands. Protestant- situation in France. ism in Belgium was almost wholly In Papal Italy destroyed by the Duke of Alva, when 40,000 Protestants died as Although Italy harbors the Su- martyrs and 500,000 were exiled.

preme Pontiff within her borders, In such a manner was the "unity and is thought of as an essentially of faith" secured in Belgium and Roman Catholic country, Protes- maintained until early in the nine- tantism wields an influence in the teenth century. With the restora- intellectual and spiritual life of tion of religious liberty under the people entirely disproportion- Joseph II, pastors from Holland ate to the numbers in its member- and Germany entered the land to ship. The Waldensians constituted restore the Protestant faith. In the earliest Protestant movement. the hundred years which have in- This small, compact group ante- tervened the numerical progress dates the Reformation. Perse- has not been astounding, the total cuted, hunted down and restricted number of Protestants in Belgium throughout their history, they being but 35,000 at the present have been scattered, butchered and time. But the influence of even almost destroyed time and again, this small group is remarkable, only to reorganize and appear considering the intolerance of the more numerous than ever and past. In 1923 a great demonstra-

was held in Brussels commemo- can ideals in other than strictly rating the martyrdom of two Luth- religious fields, allied with a hos- eran monks who had been burned tile Anglo-Teutonic culture having at the stake four hundred years commercial and political objec- before. The procession of 3,000 tives and innately repellent to peo- Protestants led by 75 of their min- ples of Mediterranean stock. It is isters made a great impression up- said that Protestantism has been on the populace, which promises definitely rejected in Spain itself much for the future, for in Bel- and therefore it is alien, hostile, gium as in other Catholic Latin dangerous and impotent through- countries there are evidences of out the Latin world. It is clear that a deepening interest in religion something must be done to estab- and a revolt against narrow and lish definitely the fact that the intolerant clericalism. Protestant Reformation has a mes- In Isolated Spain sage to Spain as valid as that to Germany and England, a Spanish Spain, isolated as it is geograph- message, from Spaniards and di- ically and culturally from the rest rected to Spanish Catholics. As of Europe, 'and with the terrible Protestants we do not admit that background of the Inquisition, was the Reformation was a strictly the last European country to tole- German rebellion against German rate Protestant teaching. It was abuses in the German Catholic not until the middle of the nine- Church. Such is not the fact.

teenth century that the beginnings Spain had its Luthers in the 16th of Protestant work were made century, good Catholics who sought there. In 1876 religious toleration, to bring their beloved Church out but not religious liberty was of the slough into which it had granted. Religious liberty does fallen. The watchword of the Re- not exist in Spain even to-day. formers, "Back to the Bible," led Evangelical work in Spain has to a new examination of the orig- been carried on since that time by inal sources and the improvement various foreign missionary agen- of translations, and in Spain the cies in Germany, Holland, Great first Polyglot of the Bible was pub- Britain and America, which have lished. The Bible was translated established schools and churches into Spanish ninety years before throughout the land, and are grad- Luther's German Bible and one ually winning their way with the hundred years before the English people despite medireval intoler- version of Tyndale appeared. At ance and oppression. its beginning, the Reformation was The religious situation in Spain warmly welcomed in Spain by has assumed new importance in clergy and laity alike. Several recent years owing to the ascend- bishops, many friars, nuns, prom- ency of Spanish influence in Latin inent writers and scholars, aristo- America and the immediate bear- crats and common people accepted ing upon the evangelical work the Reformation. Spain produced there of the religious situation in one of the great Reformers, Juan Spain. The attempt is being made de Valdez, for a time one of the in Latin America to brand Prot- teachers of Calvin. According to estantism as alien to the Latin history he gathered around him soul, opposed to Hispanic-Ameri- more than three thousand prom-

inent men and women, bishops, gained little foothold in Portugal, friars and priests, representing the total number of Protestants the most noble and illustrious fam- not exceeding 5,000. Recent ob- ilies of Spain. In short, the Ref- servers report a great field open ormation did take root in Spain for the Protestant Church along and found congenial soil there un- the lines of religious education and til uprooted and cast out by the practical philanthropy which have Inquisition. been neglected by the Catholic It is the task of present-day Church.

Protestants to make these facts Protestantism in Latin America clear to the Spanish people. Even is almost entirely traced to mis- within the Roman Catholic Church, sionary effort on the part of for- there are not lacking evidences of eign agencies, mostly American.

a trend in this direction. Dr. Tor- With the Roman Catholic Church rubiano, who has insistently advo- decadent and impotent as nowhere cated a new Reformation within else in the world, there is no ques- the Catholic Church, and who is tion of the need for the influence essentially evangelical in spirit and of evangelical Christianity in these point of view, has gathered about countries. The Congress on Chris- himself a large following. He is tian Work in South America held constantly insisting upon a more in Montevideo in 1925 revealed an liberal interpretation of religion Evangelical Church that has come and a more definite application of to have a recognized place in the Christianity to practical problems. life of the continent. In recent To take advantage of such fav- years it has grown encouragingly orable trends, the forces of Prot- and in consciousness of its mission.

estantism must be united, active But it.is now plain that the prog- and progressive. Fortunately the ress of the Gospel in Latin Ameri- various bodies have now united to ca is wrapped up with its progress form an International Spanish in other Latin countries, partic- Evangelization Committee and this ularly in Spain.

committee plans to organize a Un- General Observations ion Theological College for the training of workers and in order Even such a cursory survey of to strengthen its educational and the situation must reveal the fact evangelistic program at every pos- that the influence of Protestantism sible point. For the time being, in the Latin world is not nearly the work in Spain will be depend- so negligible as is popularly sup- ent in a large measure upon sup- posed. At least it is working as port from abroad, but if vigorously a leaven. Two general observa- prosecuted now it should develop tions may be made concerning the great strength and occupy a strong general religious situation in the position not only in Spain itself Latin world. The first is that the but in the entire Latin world. dominant religion, Roman Cathol- In Portugal and Latin America icism, is far different in its op- eration and its influence than in Aside from the excellent work North America. If the influence carried on by the British and For- of the small Protestant groups can eign Bible Society for the last bring about a reformation of the forty years, Protestantism has Catholic Church in the Latin world

It will be a magnificent achieve- order to let its precious fruit ripen ment, for it is difficult to conceive in the sunshine. It needs the strong of the Kingdom of God being fur- trees of the Reformation churches thered by the type of religion that in order to live and work." And is now being offered by the dom- the Reformation churches will inant church. continue to be strong and sturdy trees in the garden of the Lord In the second place, the Church not by dwelling upon Protestanthas been cast aside by such mul- ism so much as by centering their titudes of Latin peoples that there attention upon the Kingdom of God and His righteousness. is a wide open field for the Protestant Church to minister to people There are no racial characterin tragic need of spiritual food. istics which render the acceptance of Protestantism by the Latins im- But the future of Protestantism possible. The Protestant interprein the Latin world is dependent tation of the Gospel and the upon the so-called Protestant coun- Protestant idea of the Christian tries. As one observer puts it way of life have gained too much ground in Latin countries to jus- "Protestantism in Latin countries tify any such assumption. is not a strong and sturdy tree. It rather resembles the vine which winds itself from tree to tree in CHRIST THE SIN-BEARER " H E BARE OUR SINS"-l Peter 3: 21. No interpretation is fair that does not admit a load: "The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.'' The fifty-third chapter of Isaiah, whence these words are drawn, suggests the elements in this vicarious burden bearing: 1. Human in appreciation–despised and rejected of men. 2. Constant contact and close acquaintance with grief. 3. Actual personal bearing of grief and sorrows. 4. Chastisement due to human sin and guilt. 5. Outrage and insult borne even when judicially tried. 6. Identity with transgressors in accusation and doom. 7. Final pouring out of His soul unto death on the cross.

In the second chapter of Philippians we find infinite humiliation ascribed to Him-the depth of which can be realized only by understanding the height from which He descended. This can be illustrated, perhaps by that Alpine lake which in depth is equal to the height of the mountain that rises beside it. He, the Prince of Life, actually came under the power of death.

Incident to His humiliation was His identification with the sins and sorrows of the race. He was daily and hourly in contact with them. This can be measured only by knowing the agony of infinite sensibility to the slightest approach of evil-a sensibility undulled and unblunted by any sinfulness within.

The Omniscient One saw the awful wreck and ruin of the moral condition of both the individual and society. To Him there were no veils or disguises. He pierced to the core of being, and knew what was in man. He saw the hollow and shallow shams of formality and hypocrisy, the dead men's bones in the whited sepulchres, and the enormity and deformity of human sin and satanic malice. He bore this sin for us.

ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

'rIlE CONGREGATION AT THE CHURCH OF THE DIVINE SAVIOliR. LOS

LINKING THE TWO AMERICAS BY REV. CHARLES A. THOMSON, San Francisco, California T HAT narrow strand, which along with us and we with them? the maps label "The Isthmus What will the future say? of Panama," looks inherently Robert N. McLean in his recent inadequate to tie together the two book "That Mexican"* provides us great land masses to the north and with the answer to our questions.

south. Yet it does the job in spite The volume is indeed welcome, for of its insignificance. The unimpos- it comes at a time when renewed ing figure of the Mexican laborer, interest in Mexican questions, and resting on his shovel as we pass, the possible restriction of Mexican may not loom large before our eyes immigration have turned the spot- or our mind. But for better or for light of our interest southward worse, he is linking the two Ameri- once more. For the past dozen cas. years the author has superintended He comes from the "other the Mexican work in the Southwest America," south of the Rio Grande. of the Presbyterian Church (U. S. In his veins flows the blood of both A.) Indian and Spaniard, the two races While abundant literature has that have peopled Latin America. been available on Mexico and her He is a toiler, a man of the people, many-faceted problems, little has and so essentially a more repre- been written on the Mexican in the sentative ambassador than the United States. Jay S. Stowell and high-hatted diplomat. In Mexico Vernon M. McCombs have made he began his life, but he is living valuable contributions in this lat- it in the United States. Can we ter field, but to it their books were see through him our neighbor to largely limited. It is the unique the south more clearly? Perhaps; value of the present volume that but to do so we need first to under- it sets the stage with both back- stand the Mexican here. ground and actor. The Mexico What kind of a person is he? which has fashioned our immigrant How has he been made and is painted with vivid colors. But moulded? What gifts does he bring the actor and his movements on to us? What problems? How many the American scene are not forof his family now dwell in the United States? How will they get in; ·;Ih¥t~~':1~X~~:;;~a!~.be~i2~· UcLean. Fiero· 619

gGtten-;–we see Juan Garcia as he functiGn. But increasingly it must stand Gn its Gwn feet. As Dr. Mc- ,;:earns his bread and establishes his Lean says: home on American SGil; we watch "Just now the things which are most popular in Mexico are Mexican institu- him meet Mr. J Gnes and are led tions, Mexican ways, and Mexican cus- toms. There is a revolt against every- to. ponder hGW the acquaintance thing foreign; and Mexicans are protest- ing against foreign religions, whether will result – in understanding they be directed from Rome or from Fifth Avenue in New York." friendship or in entrenched aver- This new nationalism has elec- sion. trified every phase Gf the natiGnal life. It has fGund its missiGn in The land system Gf Mexico, ac- the uplift of the common man Gf Mexico. To. safeguard his health, cGrding to. Dr. McLean, has played determined attacks Gn tuberculosis and diphtheria are in prGgress. a basic role in the making of Gur The Department Gf Health claims during the year 1926 to have vac- Mexican. cinated against small-pox three million people, or Gne fifth Gf the "The system introduced by the con- populatiGn. querors immediately divided society into two classes, ten per cent composing the "The brightest spot in the Mexi- autocratic, governing group, ninety per co Gf tGday is its educational ac- cent the slaves bound to the soil. To this tivity," said Pro f e s s 0 r John iniquitous organization, Juan Garcia Dewey, after a recent visit. Not owes all his ills, social, economic, spir- unnatural is his enthusiasm, for itual. Juan Garcia is ignorant, because the principles of educatiGn which learning was ~hought to be unnecessary he has preached are now being for one who labored only with his hands. practiced throughout Mexico. In Little better than a beast of burden, he the 3,500 rural schGols established lived in hovels, and became the prey of during the last fGur years, the ill-health, immorality, high infant mor- project method is in full swing. tality and all the evils which follow poor For the first time in history the housing. He lost the initiative of a free schGol is becoming common in man, because the system removed the Mexico. And anyone who. would chances of success; and his masters, sense some of the thrill Gf it all, through the constant habit of command- can well read the stGry Gf our ing, lost the spirit of cooperation and of author's trip to Tlascala. group action. Mexico's problem is economic, not political; and two of its Let it not be assumed that the important phases are ignorance and worker himself has had no share arrogance." in the winning of these new GP- portunities. Through the Grgan- Passing over the interesting ref- ized labor mGvement, the "C. R. O. M.," which numbers frGm a million erence to the religious struggle in to. a milliGn and a half members, he has fGrcefully demanded his Mexico., we note Gnly that one re- chance at the better life. His repre- sentatives nGW sit high in the sult nas been the removal of large councils of the government. He numbers Gf ecclesiastics from Mex- ico to. the United States; and the parochiai schools of the Southwest have prGfited.

"In Amarillo, Texas, a recent survey disclosed the fact that in the public school in the Mexican quarter, there were enrolled twenty-three children, while in a four-room bungalow a few blocks away, one hundred and fifty were crowded, re- ceiving instruction from the sisters of the Church. The principal was an American woman, and she was assisted by three Mexican nuns. The nuns must be put to work, and they are busy teaching in Spanish the children of the Mexicans."

The cause of Protestantism in Mexico. goes forward. Its ministers have registered and are allGwed to

LINKING THE TWO AMERICAS

is not being hoisted from above, point our author, after twelve he is helping to lift himself. Through his struggles, wages are years resident study of the probhigher and hours shorter. Says Dr. McLean: "The people have lem, speaks thus: more money, they dress better, have more to eat, enjoy more rec- "A personal knowledge of hundreds of reations and amusements, while Mexican cases convinces one that these everywhere is the insatiable hun- people do not in large numbers.return to ger for education." Mexico; and of those who do return most are soon convinced of the superior Crossing the Line opportunities for labor in the United States, and within six months or a year Such is the newer Mexico. The are again found moving north. Said one condition of the worker has ma- who was questioned if he was ever going terially improved. But still he feels back: 'Mexico is indeed my "patria." I love her; but my children want to stay here, and I shall remain with them.'

"It will take a generation for Mexico to set her economic hous~ in order, and by that time, the roots of the Mexican colonies in this country will be deep in THE NEW BUILDING OF 'l'Hm CHRIS'l'IAN cmNTER AT SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA and often finds that "over the our social and economic soil. We might, border" may be something better, therefore, just as well content ourselves and so he crosses the line. We with the conviction that what was once follow his journey to and through part of Mexico is now part of America." the immigration station. He meets the sharper and the labor agent Dr. McLean believes that a miland finally finds a place on track lion and half is a conservative figor ranch. ure for the total number' of Mexicans or people of Mexican A warm dispute is now in prog- parentage now living in the United ress concerning the number of States. Mexicans resident in the United States. Employers of labor who A Chamber of Commerce spokesare dependent on the Mexican and man recently discovered that "The anxious to allay any fear about a Mexican is inherently a nomad, possible problem, proclaim that little prone to rooting himself." eighty per cent of the immigrants Dr. McLean points out that our return to their homeland. On this American economic system has considerable to do in making Juan a gypsy. He is wanted only for a

seasonal job-on the railroads, in ifornia, the cotton of Texas, the the beets, among the oranges and beets of Colorado, the copper mines cotton, for many another crop- of Arizona, and the railroads which and when the season is over, his bind all together, unitedly plead job ends. Then he must travel, if their dependence on the Mexican he is to find more work. And so the school of necessity, and it is laborer. an American school at that, teaches Now for the other side. "Those him to roam. favoring restriction argue," says The cost of it all is clearly the author, "that industry wants sketched. When a laborer is forced the Mexicans numerous and hunto spend one third of his time look- gry-numerous so that the wage ing for work, only a fool would scale may be kept at a minimum expect him to boast of a bank-book. and hungry so that Juan Garcia If he must live on wheels, a settled will not bicker about the condihome is impossible. The school, tions under which he is to work." the settlement, the church he drives Restriction will benefit the Mexipast, but may not enter in. "Ob- can resident here, as it has already viously," writes the author, "if in- improved the lot of the European terested in the post-war idea of immigrant. 'Americanization,' our system of casual labor is the very worst that Limitation would also be in accould be designed to accomplish cordance with the best interests such a result." of American life, it is stated. The Mexican, coming from a more The restriction of Mexican im- primitive social status, brings with migration is now being hotly de- him standards of housing and bated. Shall we limit it as we have health and burdens of ignorance already done with the movement and superstition, which make him a from Europe? "What about the retarded and problem group in any quota ?" is a question h ear d American community. The present throughout the Southwest and to large stream of this immigration which the author devotes a chap- spreads the difficulty without perter. The Box Bill, introduced into mitting an adequate attack upon it. the last two sessions of Congress, A restrictive policy would afford would cut down Mexican entries such an opportunity. to approximately 1,500 a year; in contrast to this, let it be remem- The author attempts to point bered that during the last five years toward a solution which recognizes almost sixty thousand Mexicans both sides of the question. H~ have crossed the border annually. states: The employers of the Mexican are unitedly against any restric- "It is indeed true that to cut down tion. "The South has had the Ne- Mexican immigration at one fell swoop gro," they say, "the North and from 66,000 to 1,557 would deal a body East the European immigrant, and blow to industry and transportation . . . we must have the Mexican. With- Suddenly to close the door to this labor out him no future areas can be re- supply would be disastrous; but some claimed for irrigation and our plan must certainly be worked out wherepresent acres will go back to the by industry can be conserved without desert." The seasonal crops of Cal- incurring the social perils which un- limited immigration involves."

Obviously any social policy should be founded on all the facts available. He accordingly calls for a commission, appointed by Can-

gress, with adequate powers and can never take the place of mansupport, to make a full study of the to-man understanding and helpfulmigratory labor problem as it con- ness. The ultimately Christian cerns the Mexican. Upon the basis approach is that of the American of the information discovered, a who greeted eight Mexicans work- "gentlemen's agreement" could be ing upon the street-car tracks with worked out with Mexico for a wise the cheering salutation, "Good limiting of the immigration flow. morning, gentlemen!" One, more learned than the rest, explained While these suggestions are open the meaning of the word "gentleto various questions as to the po- men" ; and when the American litical character of the commission returned from his walk, his mentioned, and the exact form of salutation was returned with the a Mexican-American agreement, grace and the courtesy of one genthey do signalize a constructive at- tleman who recognizes another. tempt to attack the problem fairly and intelligently. This book treats not so much the missionary program for our im- Such an approach should cer- migrant as the environing factors tainly make for better friendship which condition it and him, too. on and across the border. The It does, however, make patent a author's final plea is that Mr. Jones fact sometimes pigeon-holed-that take the trouble to know Mr. Gar- foreign and home missions are but cia. Churches, settlements and phases of the same enterprise. schools can do their work, but they AMONG THE MEXICANS IN THE SOUTHWEST T HE Spanish-speaking population of Mexican extraction in the United States is estimated at 1,750,000. This population is con- centrated chiefly in five southwest states: Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and California. However, since the passage of the present immigration law, placing all European immigration on a quota basis, the tendency of the Mexicans to move into the middlewest and eastern states, wherever there is a demand for unskilled labor, has been greatly accelerated for the Mexican is not subjected to a quota restriction.

There is the large number of Spanish-speaking people who have lived for several generations north of the Rio Grande, chiefly in New Mexico and southern Colorado. These native-born Spanish-Americans constitute a third of the total. There are also the recent immigrants from Mexico who began to come in large numbers after 1900, and increased greatly during the war; now, under the new immigration policy, the tide is at its flood.

Mexicans, as a rule, make very satisfactory workmen and the most important industries of the Southwest are to a high degree dependent upon them. Given reasonable opportunity they make good citizens. Taken as a class, however, their presence in such large and increasing numbers raises many serious questions in respect to health, education and economic well-being. Illiteracy, superstition, disease and the evils attendant upon a generally low standard of living are problems everywhere present.

Religiously, this population presents a challenging opportunity. Nominally Roman Catholic, a large proportion of them are religiously adrift and are not served effectively by any church.

NECK

By HARRIET R. KING 'UNTIL last spring, Crooked given and they would make re- Neck Charlie had lived a newed efforts to draw Charlie back wild, heathen life. He en- under the fetters of peyote.

tered into many of the Kiowa vices, With decision he answered, "No, and above all, he was a strong de- I am trusting the God of Heaven." votee of the Kiowa god peyote. He Then in the presence of those attended the peyote feasts, ate the strong peyote leaders he knelt peyote bean with the accompany- down and asked Christ to help him ing results of "visions," and all cure his little girl of the disease, sorts of sensations. The inevitable and to make him strong to resist bad effects on mind and body and temptation. The next day, still soul followed this terrible habit. trusting implicitly in his Heavenly He was held in captivity by the Father, he took little Kathryn to drug peyote as strongly as though the Indian hospital where she was held by iron chains. given every care. As a result of this trust and faith, combined with Then, one day, when he was out an earnest effort to give her the in his field alone ploughing, the best medical attention, Kathryn is still, small voice of God spoke to now running about with other chil- Crooked Neck Charlie. Charlie sur- dren, happy and growing stronger rendered to Christ his whole life all the time. Her favorite song is and everything he possessed. The "Since Jesus came into my heart," transformation which has taken and Charlie invariably asks for place in him is one of the miracles this one when he chooses a song. of this day at Rainy Mountain His face always softens with emo- C,hurch. His face and appearance tion as he thinks of the miracle and his whole life are transformed. that was wrought in his life through Jesus' coming into his Charlie is constantly going out heart. after others, hUngering for the opportunity to lead them into this Several times since then, the new life. Recently his small peyote leaders have asked to have daughter, Kathryn, was taken se- a peyote feast at Charlie's home, riously ill. The peyote leaders came, demanding that Charlie let them but Charlie will have nothing to do give her the drug which, according with it. If there are any who do to their words, would surely cure not believe in modern miracles, her. Charlie would also be required their faith will be strengthened to eat of this when the feast was by Charlie's experience.

"The great missionary crusade must be carried on with unfaltering courage, and fought to a finish. The churches will play their part as in the old days, and suffer no poverty, or care, or private grief to divert them from the accomplishment of the sacred task to which they are called, and their devotion to which is their paramount duty and their highest privilege."-H. Arnold Thomas.

624

OF MODERN

BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, Constantinople, Turkey I N THE short period since 1903, so-called armistice period, when to Greece has radically changed. the excited Greek mind all her am- It was then a limited mon- bitions of a "Megali Hellas," or archy, and had been for over sev- Greater Greece, seemed about to enty years, since the election of burst into fruition. But that burst Otho of Bavaria as its King in was a bubble, not a blossom; and 1832. It is now a republic, with the disillusionment brought sad a regularly elected President and consequences on the country. The a Parliament, and is contemplating ancient Byzantine Empire was not the establishing of a Senate as an to be revived. Constantine was upper House of Legislature. But never to be crowned as Emperor this change in the form of govern- in Saint Sophia.

ment is perhaps the least important One result of the Balkan War of the recent changes. was the tardy recognition of the There is a greater independence loyalty and true nationalism of the than a quarter-century ago of the Evangelical Greek community. For Orthodox Church of Greece from many years there had been a small the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Evangelical church in Athens, and The Holy Synod of Greece, under one each in Piraeus and Volo; but the leadership of the Metropolitan they had been persecuted as un- Bishop of Athens, acts for itself, patriotic renegades; whereas in especially since the reduction of the work of the Red Cross and the Ecumenical Patriarchate under kindred welfare enterprises they the Turkish RepUblic to a position showed such zeal and faithfulness of no special importance. In na- that the country gained a new idea tional ecclesiastical affairs, Greece of Evangelical Christianity. Since steers her own course. then the whole attitude of the peo- Furthermore, as results of the pIe toward the Evangelicals has Balkan wars and the World War, been very different. No longer are Greece has grown territorially by the chapels stoned and the members the addition of large sections of persecuted and derided.

Macedonia, Western Thrace, and There has also been a great the islands of Crete, Samos, Mity- change as to circulation of the lene, Chios, Lemnos, and smaller Scriptures. While it is true that islands. Most of the population a clause has been put in the Greek thus acquired was already Greek Constitution forbidding the circu- in language and culture, and the lation of any translation of the Old increase of area was therefore an or New Testament, even into mod- actual gain in strength. But each ern Greek, yet this is not enforced, war brought disappointment as and the more liberal cabinets have well, as the full ambitions of actually aided in such circulation.

Greece were not realized. Especial- More and more of the clergy are ly was this true of the disastrous reading the Bible in their own Asia Minor campaign during the spoken language; and the sales of 625 2

the Bible Societies show a gratify- time importance. Such growth in ing increase in the past ten years twenty-five years is unprecedented over any previous similar period. in the East; but it seems to be permanent. These poor refugees But the outstanding fact in the have dug in, and most of them are past ten years has been the deluge now self-supporting and have real of refugee immigration, due to roofs over their heads, covered at events across the Aegean. This least with tar paper. culminated in the wake of the aWful Smyrna disaster of September, Among the Asia Minor refugees 1922; and within a few weeks in Greece are about fifty thousand Greece found herself compelled to Armenians, the majority of them receive and care for more than a in and near Athens; they are rapmillion unfortunates, most of them idly becoming Greek citizens, for Greeks from Asia Minor. By wag- most of those who preferred (and on and on foot from eastern were able) to migrate to Armenia Thrace, by steamer and sailing have already done so. The revessel from all parts of Anatolia, mainder of the more than one milthey crowded in on all parts of lion are Greeks. And this new Greece, usu.ally utterly destitute, blood is doing wonders already for and hopeless and heartless after this ancient nation. They have what they had been through. Many brought a new vigor and energy, of them spoke only Turkish, though and new trades and business abilof Greek blood and Christian faith. ity, to a country that was in danger Many were utterly unsuited to of fatty degeneration of the heart. their new environment. The Government has publicly rec- ognized the debt that it owes these Naturally these refugees congre- immigrants, and it has done much gated around the great cities. The to help them get established and growth of Athens and its environs started. Those capable of agriculhas been phenomenal. In 1833, ture have been placed in villages when Dr. Elias Riggs arrived at on the best farming lands in Macethe new capital of the recently lib- donia, where the tobacco crops has erated kingdom, it had less than wonderfully increased in value as 5,000 inhabitants; and its port, a consequence. Rug manufactur- Piraeus, had but a few hundred. ers from the regions of Smyrna There were then only two carts and Oushak have brought this reor wagons to be hired in the city; munerative industry across, and and, being unable to secure these, made Greece an actual competitor the new missionary had to find with Turkey for the rug trade. horses and camels to convey his goods up the seven miles from With the refugees from Asia Piraeus to Athens. Seventy years Minor, there came over into Greece later, in 1903, the capital had a number of the American Board grown to a city of 160,000 souls, missionaries, to help their friends while Piraeus numbered about 60,- make the new start along evan- 000. Today, with the bewildering gelistic and educational lines. They influx of refugees of the past six were first of all relief workers, in years, these combined cities have those days, working heroically over a million inhabitants. The night and day to secure tents and city has gone ahead of Constan- bread for these unfortunates, and tinople, both in size and in mari- to start industries among them.

GLIMPSES OF MODERN GREECE

The Greek Government recognized refugees the church work that has the need of this service, and ex- been organized has thus far been pressed its gratefulness for it. under the temporary oversight of Larger tents were procured for American missionaries, since the church and school, Bibles, hymn- people have not been able to take books, textbooks, benches, and over full responsibility. But an other primary necessities were arrangement has been recently found; and thus for a second time made with the Armenian Evan- the missionaries were thrust into gelical churches of America where- Greece for active work without a by this field is to be progressively deliberate choice on their part. turned over to them as their par- The first time had been during the ticular missionary enterprise. The Balkan wars, when Greece cap- missionary work will consist of tured the mission station of Salo- schools and whatever efforts nat- nica and incorporated it in her urally emanate from these as kingdom, thus bringing into the Christian centers. Medical work country several missionaries who among the refugees has been ef- had never dreamed of serving in fectively carried on under the Greece. American Women's Hospitals, Two full-fledged stations of the with whom a few missionaries American Board were thus estab- have been cooperating. This work lished by strange fate in Greek ter- is temporary and will eventually ritory, without any plan on the be turned over to native agencies.

part of the Board. The greatest Very hopeful spiritual move- need for foreign aid was seen in ments are springing up recently the educational line; and in this within the Greek Orthodox Church.

the Americans were eagerly wel- Two distinct organizations are comed by the Greek Government. starting Sunday-schools in that And while fear of politi~l propa- church; these have much to learn, ganda has made Greece very un- and may have hard sledding before willing to give permISSIOn to they are really established, but Italian or French or other foreign they are beginning. There is more schools to open in Greece, a special preaching today in the Orthodox law was passed allowing schools churches than ever before, and of that had been operating in Turkey better quality. The writer re- for a certain length of time to cently attended a preaching serv- establish themselves in Greece. ice in the large Metropolitan Ca- This has opened the way for the thedral in Athens, on a very chilly American College at Salonica, the Sunday during the Carnival, when American Junior College for Girls eight hundred or more people sat at Athens, and the School of Reli- or stood through a fifty-five minute gion at Athens. sermon by an able priest, intent to For many years the Greek Evan- get his message despite the fact gelical Synod has been in charge of that there was no way to heat the the evangelistic work among building.

Greeks; and it has been deemed There is also more sale for spir- best to throw upon this organiza- itual literature than ever before.

tion the responsibility also for One comparatively new religious such effort among the refugee pop- weekly has now 42,000 subscribers, ulation. Among the Armenian and the number is on the increase.

All such movements are cordially Greece a million human derelicts, welcomed by the missionary, but has scattered the seed of evanhe finds it difficult to cooperate gelical truth in many most unexwith them because of the jealous pected places. Here and there are suspicion of the authorities of the found small bodies of earnest Established Church. The name Christians who meet for services Protestant is anathema, and must and who read and circulate the be carefully avoided if any work Bible. One can hardly estimate is to be done inside the Orthodox the possible consequences of this Church. Yet alongside this, the for the whole of Greece. With a Greek Evangelical Church body few educational centers at which has been recently at last officially missionary influence may be felt, recognized by the Greek Govern- and with indigenous zeal and effort to extend the spirit of the ment; and its zeal and spiritual Gospel everywhere, and with inforce should be an incentive to creasing freedom for the circulatheir Orthodox brethren to come up to them as a moral and religious tion of the Bible, what may not power. the result be, in making this nominally Christian land more as The tremendous upheaval in it really ought to be! Asia Minor, that hurled over into WHY SHOULD 11 I. Why Should I Study Missions?

1. Because my education is sadly deficient if I am ignorant concerning the most important work in the world.

2. Because a study of missions will increase my faith in Christ. Missions is God at work.

3. Because I cannot otherwise grasp the full mission of the Church. 4. Because I cannot discharge my duty without informing myself on the subject. 5. Because I must be intelligent on missions in order to stimulate others. 6. Because I need this study as a preparation for my own life service.

II. Why Should I Give to Minions?

1. Because it is the best paying investment of money. 2. Because of the joy and blessing that come to the giver. 3. Because I am a steward of the money that God has intrusted to me. 4. Because I am put to shame by the liberality of converts from heathenism. 5. Because it is God's will that missionaries should go, and that I should help to send them. 6. Because I am grateful to God for what He has given me. 7. Because men are suffering from sin and souls are dying that I may help save them.

III. Why Should I Pray for Missions?

1. Because the world needs prayer. 2. Because missions have always prospered as believing prayer has increased. 3. Because God has conditioned the success of missions on prayer. 4. Because the missionaries and converts ask for Christian prayers. 5. Because I am told by Christ to pray. 6. Because the prayer of faith is answered. 7. Because Christ is praying for those for whom He died.

IV. Why Should I Be a Missionary?

1. Because Christ is the only Saviour. 2. Because multitudes have not heard of Him and are -dying in their sin. 3. Because doors of opportunity are open. 4. Because the cry for more helpers is _urgent. 5. Because Christ says, "Go ye." 6. Because Christ gave up everything that I might be saved.

Adapted from The Outlook of Missions

OF 'l'HE PHE SBY'l'flllI. N }IlSSlON, POrN'I' BARROW, AJ,ASKA

ROMANCE AND REALITY IN ALASKA BY REV. A. J . MONTGOMERY, D.D., New York Presby t erian Board of National Miss!ons M ISSIONARY work in Alas- mystic interest came the days of ka is unusually attractive the great gold rushes, Klondike, on the one hand and more Fairbanks, Nome, Iditarod and than ordina~ily difficult on the oth- others. These were true American er. Has any other field of mission- epics ·of action, of wealth acquired ary operations so much with which overnight and often as quickly lost, to appeal to the imagination of of unspeakable hardships and of Christian benevolence ? The era of sublime courage. In addition to discovery and exploration which all this our Northland has in itself flies the flags of Spain, France, an appeal which grips the imagi~ Britain and Imperial Russia, world nation of all. Its jewelled nights, powers of the eighteenth century, vast spaciousness and mighty siis a colorful record of adventure lences ·seem to challenge the attenand daring. The long ~olphjaJ ten~ tion of those who have never had ure of Russia cannot be classed as the good fortune to live in the even a passable political experi- witching land. ment but it has furnished the One of the many difficulties in- world with the ground work of herent in missionary work in many a stirring tale. Following Alaska is the vast geographical the Russian occupancy with its spread of the country. It lies with- Oriental splendor and opulent, in meridians 130 west and 173 east 629

longitude and between parallels 51 grandest scenery in the world. and 72 north latitude. Its area is Perhaps its scenery ought to be about 590,000 square miles which listed as Alaska's greatest asset. is one fifth that of the United Even with the present transporta- States. Its coast line is six times tion one may behold fiords equal in as great as that of the United beauty to those of Norway, glacial States. The main mass of Alaska systems so extensive that those of is, speaking roughly, a great rec- Switzerland pale into insignificance tangle. On the north it looks out in comparison and as the piece de over the polar expanses of the Arc- resistance, Mt. McKinley, the tic Ocean and on the south over mightiest mountain of North the Gulf of Alaska. Attached to this America in height and impressivegreat terrain are two tail-like ap- ness. pendages, one bending to the south- For extensive missionary operaeast, Southeastern Alaska, the tion the variations of climate consmall segment which the ordinary stitute still another and most seri- tourist sees, the other the Alaska ous difficulty. A little less than a Peninsula which is continued in quarter of the area of Alaska lies to the Aleutian Islands swinging far the north of the Endicott Range out into the Pacific J apanward. of Mountains. This region. is ex- The proximity to Asia is seldom posed to the rigors of the polar thought of and therefore should be winters. One church maintains specially stressed here. On a clear several missions along the littoral day the East Cape of Asia can be which is sealed by the polar ice seen from Cape Prince of Wales. pack for about eleven months of How many have realized that the the year. The reader will appreoldest and the newest continents ciate the real difficulty here when are actually only an eye glance dis- he is informed that supplies can tant? There are not a few who reach these missions by boat only believe that before the dawn of once a year if and when the ice history successive streams of im- recedes temporarily from the migration fro m Asia entered shore. Mail is carried by the sup- America at this particular point. ply boat in August and three times The baffling problems of trans- during the long winter by dog portation are another serious dif- teams. This region may, however, ficulty not only for missionary be disregarded for the purposes of operation but for economic, social this paper. It is most important and pioneering efforts as well. It to recognize clearly that Alaska is is a land of many islands, of tow- not an Arctic province. Fully threeering mountain ranges, majestic fourths of its territory is within rivers, great valleys, boundless the North Temperate zone. Two tundra plains, resting on the Pa- distinct climatic belts are distincific and Arctic Oceans and Bering guishable. The fringe upon the Pa- Sea, the point of contact being a cific and its waters has high shore line serrated by fiord, inlet, precipitation, cool summers and sound, bay, canal and gulf. While mild winters. Crossing the coastthis makes transportation of all al mountains one enters a characsorts including aviation the despair teristic Rocky Mountain climate, of the engineer, yet incidentally with scant rainfall, hot summers there is furnished some of the and cold winters. It need not be

ROMANCE AND REALITY IN ALASKA

pointed out that climatic condi- Hydas and Tsimpshean. Among tions very materially affect the rate the Thlinkets there are important of progress by which a virgin ter- intertribal variations which need ritory may be reclaimed. not detain us. In the Alaska Penin- Still another factor that adds to sula and on the Aleutian Islands the difficulty is the evidence of ar- are the Aleuts. In the interior are the Tinneh Indians, of Athabascan kinship. From the delta of the Kuskokwim and the mouths of the Yukon northward to Point Barrow and east are the Eskimo, with trib- al and dialectical variations. Al- together these native races number about one half of the population, or 25,000. One cannot be impressed by the numbers, but one must be LEAVING WAINWRIGHT FOR A PREACH- appreciative of the patient mis- ING SERVICE sionary spirit that has never been daunted by the complicated probrested industrial or community de- lems of race, tongue and culture. velopment. The difficulty does not arise so much out of the wastage involved as out of the psychology which it creates. He who has seen the wreck of an abandoned mining camp, or an abandoned army post, or the ship boneyard at St. Mich- eal, for example, is qualified to cal- culate the retarding effect of such sorry spectacles. It is true that the pioneering venture of necessity involves waste in planning, in ef- fort and in dollars, but in Alaska with its sparse population and high transportation costs these remind- ers of forlorn hopes or of better days tend to retard present devel- opment.

StilI another difficulty presents itself in the complex of racial, trib- al, linguistic and cultural varia- tions. The simplest type of work MARRJO, ONE OF THE ~lLDERS AT is among the whites and yet for WAINWRIGHT reasons already indicated this work The purchase of Alaska from is far from easy. It is when we the Imperial Russian Government undertake to evangelize the native was made in 1867 yet almost a races that the real quality of the seore of years passed before the task becomes apparent. The na- United States attempted to set up tives of Southeastern Alaska are a form of civil government. From of thre!;l ctlf'itinct tribes, Thlinket, 1867 to 1877.government was nom-

inally in the hands of the War De- the Secretary of the Interior partment. For two years it was through the U. S. Bureau of Edu- given to the Treasury Department. cation were restricted to the main- Then from 1879 to 1884 the re- tenance of schools for "Eskimos, sponsibility was reposed in the Aleuts, Indians and other native Navy Department. On May 17, people of Alaska."

1884, Congress established civil There have thus been created by government. action of Congress in this territory The condition of the native races two systems of education, one for when the country passed into the native races directly under the Fed- political system of the United eral administration, the other for States was thoroughly deplorable. whites and placed in charge of the It is a well-known story and may territorial government.

be summed up here in the words: The U. S. Bureau of Education gross immorality, savagery, brutal- conducts day schools, industrial ity, witchcraft and extreme degra- schools, reindeer schools, coopera- dation. The need of education was tive stores, hospitals and provides deeply felt, consequently the first medical relief and special instruc- act of the first missionary at Fort tion in sanitation in behalf of the Wrangel in 1877 was to establish natives. This work, in spite of al- a Christian school for the instruc- most insuperable difficulties, is be- tion of native children. Other ing done efficiently on the whole mission schools followed. The first and with commendable skill and public schools came, as one would sympathy. The Bureau employs a expect, with the establishment of force of six superintendents, about civil government in 1884. Under 170 teachers, eight physicians, the provisions of the Act of Con- twenty-six nurses and maintains gress the Secretary of the Interior 86 schools with an enrollment of appointed a general agent of edu- almost 4,000. At present there are cation in Alaska who administered three industrial schools located at and supervised all public schools White Mountain, Kanakanak and until 1900, when because of the Eklutna which are doing a whole- growth of certain communities and some piece of work in preparing the need for some form of local native youth for the duties of school control Congress passed an civilized life.

act providing for the incorporation The territorial educational sys- of such communities as cities and tem for "white children and chil- setting up, among other things, the dren of mixed blood leading a civ- machinery for the support, man- ilized life" is in charge of a com- agement and control of city schools. missioner with headquarters at Five years later the so-called "Nel- Juneau. The number of schools son Act" was passed which pro- administered by the commissioner vided for the establishment and is in excess of eighty, with about support of schools in communities 220 teachers and an enrollment of outside of incorporated cities, the about 4,500. The high school en- same to be "available to white chil- rollment is near 600. The terri- dren and children of mixed blood torial educational system heads up leading a civilized life." At the in the Alaska College at Fairbanks.

same time the Federal appropria- This institution is an agricultural tions for schools administered by college with a school of mines and

provides a four years' course of in- the same time when they witnessed struction leading to the B.S. de- the atrocities practiced on suffergree. Thus it will be seen that ing people by the medicine man Alaska is trying to solve the ele- they vowed his undoing. The mental problem of furnishing every United States Bureau of Educayouth an adequate education. The tion assumes responsibility for changes that have taken place in medical service for the natives. the last two decades have generally Their hospitals are planted at made for more stable modes of life. Noorvik, Akiak, Kanakanak, Tan- This has given new opportunity ana and Juneau. During the seafor home building; consequently son of open navigation on the while the present population .mark Yukon a medical boat with doctor is at low ebb still there are more and nurse is maintained. Mission children in the territory than ever hospitals are maintained by the A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE CHURCH TAKEN 'rUE DAY OF THE DOG-'l'EA~I PICNIC before. In addition to the splendid Methodists at Nome, Episcopalians provision made for public educa- at Point Hope, Fort Yukon and tion there are a small number of Wrangel, Roman Catholics at Holy mission schools doing creditable Cross and the Presbyterians on the work. The Presbyterians main- tip of the continent at Barrow. On tain the Sheldon Jackson Training the whole it will be seen that laud- School for natives at Sitka, the able endeavors have been made to high standards of which are felt care for the sick. far and wide, and the Episcopalians have boarding schools for In- From the inception of missiondians at Nenana and Anvik, to ary work it was felt that somemention no more. thing should be done for native orphan children. Their condition It has already been made plain then was pitiable in the extreme. that the pity of the first American The territory makes certain local missionaries was elicited by the deg- provisions but it has been left to radation of the natives and their the denominations to assume this practical response was schools. At ministqr. Th~ Met~Q(;Usttl have

consolidated their work into the Aleuts. The Tinnehs of the in- Jessie Lee Home at Seward. The terior are regarded as the sole re- Presbyterian orphanage is at sponsibility of the Episcopalians. Haines. The Moravians maintain The Moravians have the sole octhe Kuskokwim Orphanage. The cupancy of the work among the Baptist institution is on Kodiak Eskimos living at the mouth of the Island. Kuskokwim. The Catholics are working among the Eskimos living The churches were not as slow in the delta of the Yukon. The to undertake work in Alaska as the Methodists and Episcopalians have Federal Government was to take up each an Eskimo mission station at the task of civil government. In Norne and Tigara village respec- 1877, ten years after Seward's pur- tively. The California branch of chase, the first missionary arrived the Friends has extensive Eskimo in Alaska at Ft. Wrangel in the work on Kotzebue Sound among person of Mrs. A. R. McFarland the coast-dwelling Eskimos at who was initially sent out by the Kewalik, Buckland, Kotzebue and First Presbyterian church of Port- Kivalina and also on the Kobuk, land, Ore. Practically all the lead- Noatak and Selawik Rivers. This ing denominations are now repre- great mission heads up at Kotzebue sented in the work. where the superintendent lives. The Presbyterians reach the Eski- The work among the whites is mos at Cape Prince of Wales, St. characteristically home mission Lawrence Island, Wainwright, pioneering with a large plus of pe- Barrow, Point Barrow, with exculiarities. However, it is, as seen tension work projected as far east in the large, a healthy investment as Demarcation Point. The purof missionary service and is sure to pose in giving this list in geographyield gratifying returns in the es- ical terms is to demonstrate that, tablishment of the Kingdom of God as in the case of work among the on earth. Overcrowding and com- whites, these enterprises represent petition are not unknown, still practical territorial allocations of there is enough undivided parochial responsibility as yet noncompetiresponsibility on the part of the tive but needing to be restudied in churches to insure vigorous growth the light of greater efficiency, safeand development. The present sit- guarding interests already estabuation, however, good as it is in lished and especially for devising general, ought to be studied with practical ways of dealing with care by an association of the areas not yet touched. churches, like a home· missions ,council, with the future in view. It is unusually refreshing to study the history of the missionary The missionary work among the enterprise in Alaska. One soon native races has been undertaken comes to understand that the day by the various denominations with of miracles in missions is not never a thought of comity or al- passed. Out of terrible degradalocated areas and yet, on the whole, tion and darkness both of mind and this haphazard method has up to heart, people have been lifted into date worked out advantageously. the sunlight of modern Christian The Presbyterians are practically experience. One day on the shores alone in Southeastern Alaska. The Methodists once seemed to be will- of the Arctic Ocean an old Eskimo ing to accept responsibility for the

ROMANCE AND REALITY IN

handed me a stone knife and ex- though he is in body, he is the plained through an interpreter that leader of his people in business, in when he was a boy metal was all village government and in Chrisbut unknown among his people. tian development. Most of the na- That was a voice from the "Stone tives are kindly, alert and respon- Age." Later on that very day I sible. Their great present problem saw his son, who is a reindeer is that of the development of leadherder, a man of property and an ership from their own ranks which educated Christian. In other in the next generation may lead words it is just one generation out these young native churches from the stone age to our modern into fresh acquisitions of grace, industrialized civilization. There power and usefulness.

~'HE SUNDAY SCHOOL OF THE PRESBYTF;RIAN CHURCH AT SKAGWAY are many villages of native peoples The mISSIOnary situation in in Alaska with Christian homes, Alaska calls loudly for a council of with culture, education and com- the responsible missionary leaders fort. These represent the substan- and administrators to evaluate the tial triumphs of the Gospel. Per- work already done and to take such haps the two foremost such vil- steps as may be had to direct the lages are Tigara and Barrow. In course of the work for the future. personality there has been as Such a council should be held in might be expected the same kind of Alaska. The need for such a gathdevelopment. Edward Marsden, ering should be laid heavily upon the native leader, stands for all the hearts and minds of the responthat is best in the rapidly unfold- sible leaders of the churches having life of his Tsimpsheans at Met- ing large native missionary interlakatla. To take another example, ests. Alaska is a land of opportu- Joe Sokonik at Kavilina. Crippled nity with great need for Christ.

WOMAN'S RIGHTS IN

A Plea by One of Them A MONTHLY periodical, Re- "In modern democracies, the simli Ai (July, 1927), pub- right of citizenship belongs to lished for Turkish readers every individual without distinc- this plea for the still submerged tion of sex. But if a woman is not womanhood of the Republic: considered a person, she is de- "Sabihe Zekaria Hanum had a prived thereby of all these rights.

case in the courts where an official (According to present law), the of justice refused her the right of Turkish woman may not testify; testimony on the grounds that neither may she become a trustee; Turkish law still refuses to accept further, she may not even inter- the testimony of women. Sabihe fere in community affairs, where Zekaria Hanum is the editor of a the social and hygienic life of her review and ·is engaged also with children and of herself is greatly the preparation of a 'Children's concerned. If she has not a father Encyclopedia.' Sorely affected by or a husband, she is doomed to fail such treatment at the hands of the in the struggle of life. Because the law, she has written the following head of the family is man, she is article under the title: AmI Not not a person, but instead an en- a Person? cumbrance, living as a, parasite on "I Inlow the restrictions of the the man and on society. As to her old law, but I was expecting that political rights, they are denied to the new Civil Code would grant us her.

at least the right of testimony. "I want my right as a human This event has shown me clearly being before my right of voting. ( that society still has no confidence want the right given to the orin me as a woman such as it has in dinary man in my status as a peran ordinary man. Women are not son. I want my right of guardianconsidered as persons in (Turkish) ship of my own children after the society. In the sight of the law, death of their father. the minds of women are equal only to the minds of children . . . "Every citizen has a right in the affairs which concern the general "Society has given me the right life and the progress of the counto publish a Review and an Ency- try. I want my right of vote in clopedia but it has not accepted the the activities of the municipality fact of my being a thinking be- which deal with the health of my ing … children and of my country. I want the right of expressing my "The Civil Code has given many views. As I have a duty and rerights to women, for which we are sponsibility towards this country, grateful. It has given us the right so it in turn, is obligated to give to hold property; to become certain rights to me. I want from teachers, physicians; in short, the the law nothing less than the right right to assume such status as pre- of full citizenship." supposes our being intelligent and thinking persons. Consequently, (Signed), it cannot say that it cannot trust in our words. SA~IlIE ZEKARIA HANUM.

6SG

AS A MISSION

BY REV. COLIN G. YOUNG, D.D., Toronto, Canada Associate Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, United Ohuroh 0-1 Canada OTHER undertakings may be struction given to James McGregor very necessary for the wel- as early as 1786: "Aim not to fare of Canada but none make anti-Burghers but Christouch so vitally the springs of the tians." The magnitude of the nation's life as the effective preach- undertaking helped to break down ing of the Gospel of Jesus Christ sectarian barriers. The common on the frontier. That frontier may task and the common achievement brought the divided forces of the be the fringe of settlement in the Protestant Church close together farthest outlying community or the on the frontier. It is largely due crowded streets of a great city, but to united effort, also, that Canada to permeate the life of every com- has been preserved from the munity with the Spirit of Christ is triumph of evil. The real problems the only way to ensure strength for of life at the outposts and in the future generations. crowded centres of population have emphasized the importance of Canada has been looking back the truth and life that are shared with pardonable pride over the by all Christians. steady growth toward nationhood since the Confederation of the Various Undertakings provinces in 1867. During this period the Christian Church, as represented by all the denomina- The population of 9,500,000, tions, "lengthened its cords and scattered over the northern half of strengthened its stakes." Since the continent, presents problems the beginning of the twentieth cen- as difficult and diverse as have ever tury the expanding demands of been faced by the Christian Church.

growing cities and new outposts The field of activity extends from have taxed the resource of all Bermuda, Newfoundland and Lab- Christians. For decades the immi- radar on the east to Vancouver gration into Canada was three Island and the Yukon on the west. times as rapid, in proportion to its No church ever had a more expopulation, as during any similar tended, a more complex or a more period in the United States. inviting home missionary under- This practical necessity of pro- taking. viding gospel ministry to a great In addition to the North Amercompany of new settlers paved the ican Indians on whose behalf large way for larger cooperation among sums of money are expended the evangelical denominations and yearly, there are representatives of eventually led to a union of three more than sixty-eight different naof them and the strong probability tions who look to the Church of the of more to follow. The missionary new land for spiritual instruction pioneers of all denominations, al- and guidance. To meet this diverse though they naturally felt the pull need the Gospel is preached in more of denominational ambition, yet than twenty-five different lanfor the most part followed the in- guages, not counting the various 637

Indian dialects. All the larger de- both residential and day, the facilinominations share in this splendid ties for doing the work have imenterprise upon which the future proved very much of late years. of Canada so much depends. Due almost entirely to the vigi- lance of the missionary in intro- Indian Missions ducing and enforcing modern methods of caring for the sick, the The white man first made him- health of the Indian is now well self known to the Indian, not as the cared for and the total Indian messenger of the Cross but as a population is not diminishing as it man of business. The first settlers' once did. thoughts were of furs, not of souls. A day of awakening came early, Extended Fields however, and some of the most heroic achievements of missionary New communities always mean history are found in the endeavor sparsely settled districts where the to give the Gospel to the "Red people live long distances apart Man" of Canada. Bishops of the and make the work of the mission- Church of England such as Mach- ary correspondingly difficult. All ray, Bompasand Stringer, pioneer the churches have appointed minmissionaries of the Methodist and isters to large areas in their desire Presbyterian Churches such as to meet the need of these outlying Young, Evans, Rundle and Mc- settlements. In the Cariboo in Brit- Dougall, Black, Nisbet and Robert- ish Columbia one worker covers son, have set standards of sacri- an area as large as all the Marificial service never surpassed in the time Provinces but the whole popinterests of any cause. Great ulation numbers only about 5,000. credit is also due to the Church of England for the notable work done Visiting these widely scattered by its missionaries among the families and gathering them into Esquimaux of the north. No other little worshiping groups make church cared for this lonely and great demands upon the missionvery needy people. Without the ary's time and strength. On a trip Church's help hundreds would to one of these outlying points one have died of starvation and with- missionary held four baptismal out religious instruction. services and baptized eight chil- dren on one afternoon. Over the The churches have an under- week-end he held two regular standing with the Dominion Gov- preaching services and baptized ernment dividing the responsibility twenty-seven children, some of for the education and the religious them eighteen years of age and instruction of the Indians among yet they had never before attended the various denominations. Al- a church service. This missionary though the process of evangeliza- has twenty-seven preaching station has been slow and the results tions and twelve Sunday-schools. sometimes very disappointing, yet He keeps the "light of Life" burna number of outstanding leaders ing in many homes which otherhave come forward whose Chris- wise would be dark, yet he is only tian character is the proof of the one of scores of men and women faithful ministry of devoted mis- who cover large areas as bearers of sionaries. As the Government has the "Glad Tidings." provided the school equipment, On the broad prairies where the

1!l28} CANADA AS A MISSION FIELD

land is marvelously fertile the de- dezvous Island. For ten years Mrs. T. velopment of a mission into a self- had not been once off the Island, which is perhaps a mile long and one-half wide. supporting congregation is often A 'neighbor' woman would come in an rapid. A few years of persistent open boat from fifteen miles away to help her when her babies were born. When effort bring quick returns. Conse- first I called I found the children had quently in some of the newer prov- had no schooling and the oldest was fif- teen years of age. They have now a inces the Church is already firmly little school attended by four T.'s and four other children who row six and established. eight miles to be present. Off-hand I Under the care of the Canadian could name two score of other families whose appeal is much the same as these." Protestant churches, where statistics are available, there are about Traveling libraries are intro- duced and about one hundred of 3,000 aid-receiving charges. In these are constantly on the move to bring intellectual stimulus to each of these there would be an hundreds of little groups.

average of three preaching sta- To fulfil this ministry these tions, or a total of between nine brave missionaries endure all kinds of hardships by land and sea. God and ten thousand places where re- alone can measure the results in lives inspired and redeemed ligious services are made possible through their never-failing sacrithrough the home missionary en- fice.

terprise of the various churches in French Canadians Canada. For over one hundred years the Protestant churches of Canada Marine Missions have been interested in the evan- gelization of the French Canadians. On the Atlantic and the Pacific Many of the earliest settlers who coasts little mission boats go up c&me to Quebec were Protestants of Huguenot extraction. Their lot and down, seeking out the lonely was a difficult one and increasingly so with the coming of greater numsettlers, the fishermen, the loggers bers of French Roman Catholics. From the beginning Protestant and the lumbermen. Between 40,- services were held and many French people were attracted to 000 and 50,000 people are sought this simple form of worship. Dur- ing all these years the work has out in this way and the service gone forward with varying suc- cess. rendered is at once unique and far- Large, well-conducted boarding reaching in its effects. One mis- schools, accommodating 600 or 700' children, have been established by' sionary writes, as he relates an ex- several denominations and affordl excellent opportunities for educaperience at one port of caB: tion and for contacts with the Prot- estant community. Home schools "I had a capacity house and a most have also been located at several appreciative audience. They had come from 'the uttermost parts' of the Island by trail and boat. Six babies lay asleep on shawls on the floor during the service. Everyone else was wide awake. I had no need of eloquence to hold their attention but their evident eagerness to follow my thoughts brought from me the best I had. I spoke for more than an hour. The meeting lasted two hours. I do not know how much longer they stayed after the benediction. It was 'a great occasion' for them. They told me that mine was the second religious gathering that had ever been held on the Island and that I was the first Christian minister of any kind that had ever been in their homes. This Island lies out in the Pacific only fifty miles from the city of Vancouver.

"One family, Mr. and Mrs. T., with their six children, lives seventy-five miles farther up the coast on the Upper Ren-

convenient centers and help to im- steadily separating themselves part religious education. from the synagogue as a place of Important congregations have worship. Reports show that from grown up and are exercising a 8010 to 8510 of the Jewish people liberating influence on the thought are rapidly becoming unchurched.

and action of the French com- Fully seventy-five out of everyone munities. Outside all Protestant hundred of the children are al- churches and yet attributable to lowed to grow up in ignorance of them is a great body of young peo- the Jewish religious beliefs and ple of French extraction, with practices. '

highly trained minds, who are fear- Since the Great War the Jewish lessly seeking the truth and are population, in many countries, has finding the way to real spiritual enjoyed a freedom of thought and freedom. of action never before experienced.

The Problem of the Jew In these areas the Jewish mind has opened and Jewish professors and Wherever the Jew has settled in rabbis of the liberal type are com- any part of the world he has cre- mending the New Testament, even ated new problems, political, social, preaching from it and declaring economic and religious. Some Jesus to be Israel's greatest ethical countries, in attempting to solve teacher. A still more "liberaliz- these problems, have adopted ing" movement in the Jewish com- methods of repression. In most munity is being led by James instances the Christian Church has Waterman Wise, the only son of done little but look on and has Rabbi Stephen Wise, of New York.

acted as if there was no call of This young man is already called Christ to bring the Gospel to His "A Jewish Martin Luther." In a own. Had the Christian Church book recently published he says, been more active there might be no "Our faith must be reexamined.

Jewish problem today. The in- Reverently and with love we must fluence of these people is out of all search into the truths of our fa- proportion to their numbers. They thers but resolved that where they have attained positions in finance, are for us no truths we must deny commerce, industry, science, phi- them; where they are half truths losophy, law, politics, statecraft we must alter them; and where and in the press, enabling them to ourselves can catch a glimpse of mould thought and public opinion yet unseen truths we must not fail and to influence the life and des- to follow the gleam." For these tiny of nations. and many other reasons the time These facts indicate the vital im- is most opportune and the urgency portance of the Christian educa- very great to evangelize the Jew.

tion of the Jew to the life of the The churches in Canada have a whole world. The problem of the number of successful miSSIOns Jew is religious and the Church among Jewish people, but the in- must approach the task from the direct method of influencing them practical and not merely from the has proved most effective and thou- sentimental point of view. "The sands of young Jews are being Gospel, the great Solvent" must be born into a wider and fuller life.

applied as never before. As a In Montreal there are 76,000 Jews, group the Jewish people are in Toronto 60,000, in Winnipeg

CANADA AS A MISSION FIELD

16,000 and in all of Canada about looked for another country where 170,000. The number, the oppor- they would have both land and lib- tunity and the obligation grow erty. They began to emigrate to steadily. Hundreds of Jewish chil- the United States and to Canada dren are now in Sunday-schools and when the number had grown and other young people's activi- sufficiently "The Pacific Confer- ties but more aggressiveness should ence of German Congregational be shown in teaching the way of Churches" sent the first mission- the Christ unto these wonderful aries who set up congregations. In people and especially unto their the new land they have prospered.

children. The pioneer shack has given place The Russo-Germans to the comfortable farmhouse. Their religious fervor has not A fairly large company of people abated but difficulty has been exwho were legally Russian citizens perienced in finding qualified minbut who are descended from Ger- isters. This is being overcome so man colonists in Russia have made that this interesting people is their way to Canada. The older likely to make a substantial contrimembers of this group still speak bution to the religious life of Canthe German language. Their story ada.

goes back over one hundred and Extensive and effective work is fifty years to the reign of the also being done in well-established famous but wicked Empress Cath- missions among Orientals, Italians, arine II of Russia. A Prussian Bulgarians, Polish, Scandinavians, princess by birth, her marriage Finnish, Ukrainians and other was intended to strengthen the ties groups. Many of these groups, between Russia and her native having turned away from the traland. She undertook to settle the fertile lands of southern Russia ditional churches of the old lands, with German colonists, who were are sadly neglected and are prepromised land and religious free- senting the most inviting fields of dom. They settled north of the home mission enterprise. To teach these peoples the best things of Caspian Sea and between this and the Black Sea. As the Russian Gov- life in a way that will lead them inernment recognized only the Luth- to the place of real Christian faith eran Church the state appointed and spiritual liberty is a glorious task. ministers for these colonies. These ministers were state officials rather The Church of All Nations than religious men and the people One of the most recent methods suffered accordingly. Many were of solving the difficulty of provid- naturally religious and in the long ing gospel ordinances for these periods between the visits of the various racial groups is the organ- clergyman, and often without his ization of the "Church of All Na- knowledge, great revivals took tions." In the city of Toronto, The place. Moody and Sankey hymns United Church of Canada has were translated into their language added to its missionary equipment and were sung with great fervor. this most interesting experiment The religious freedom promised which so far has proved eminently them was curtailed and eventually successful. Years ago one of the was taken away, so that they largest and most influential con- 3

gregations of the former Meth- verse nationalities who have been odist Church of Canada met in the hitherto neglected. Racial congre- Queen St. West church. The pass- gations established for some years ing of the years changed the com- and now housed in this building plexion of the district. The Eng- have increased their attendance lish-speaking community gave three-fold. A real attempt is made place to the representatives of to demonstrate the fact that "God more than thirty different nation- has made of one blood all the na- alities who were for the most part tions." without a church home. The old At fifty or more centers across building was remodeled and en- Canada these missions are establarged, providing two fine chapels lished and minister in a most seating 300 or 400 each, many club- unique way to this cosmopolitan rooms and a large well-equipped population. The enterprises of the gymnasium, in short, the most up- Boards of Home Missions of the to-date equipment for a real com- Protestant Churches of Canada are munity center. The direction of thus seen to be of the most varied the work is under a Canadian-born character. A real attempt is made minister of The United Church and to fin up that which is lacking in associated with him are five other the religious life of any community. ministers of the following nation- In addition to preaching "the alities: Bulgarian, Finnish, Uk- Word," which must always be rerainian, Scandinavian and Hun- garded as of first importance in garian. These have each his own missionary effort, other important racial service. In the evening all activities are undertaken. Splengroups meet in a common service didly equipped hospitals are mainconducted in the English language, tained ; school homes on a large although the hymns are sung to- scale bring the possibility of edugether in the different languages cation within the reach of hunto the same tune. More than any dreds of children. These and other other undertaking this has caught agencies commend the Gospel of the imagination of the Church and Love to peoples from all over the in this has been found the most ef- world, all of whom understand the fective means of providing reli- language of kindness Il.nd sacrigious services for peoples of di- ficial service.

HOME MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN CANADA BY REV. W. A. CAMERON, B.A.

Assistant Secretary of the Board of Missions, Presbyterian Olturclt in Oanada The work of the women's mis- settlement houses in neglected sionary societies of the Presby- areas in our cities and two Reterian Church in Canada is mainly demptive Homes for the befriendof an institutional nature carried ing of those who have sometimes on in hospitals, school homes and been much more sinned against through the agency of deaconesses. than sinning. To it also is left, as The General Board maintains two its main work, the supplying of the

gospel privileges to needy places, hundred and seventy-five homes east and west. Of the 1,268 preach- being on the mailing list. Two ing places in our church, 591 are new mission fields are being opened dependent on the Board of Mis- this spring as a result of this work sions for the appointment of their of discovery. missionary or for financial assistance. A number of these have The oldest home mission work in been weakened temporarily either Canada was among the Indians of by the loss of members or the loss the west. This is still being carof property during the church ried on. The latest development is union struggle. Many fields cover taking place in the new north, in a large territory and consist of sev- the mining districts of Northern eral preaching points under the Ontario, Quebec, Northern Manidirection of one missionary. As toba and Saskatchewan, and in the most of these are in new territory great wheat areas of the Peace they are strengthened by the ar- River country, lying north of Edrival of new settlers, largely monton. The Presbyterian Church through immigration. has appointed students for the summer to prospect in these dis- Six port chaplains are also at tricts for the hidden gold in the work, two in Ireland and one in lives of men. No work is more Glasgow, whose duty it is to be of truly following in the footsteps of assistance to those who leave for our Master. Canada. Three are at various points in Canada who not only wel- A large number who are now come these immigrants on their ar- making their homes in Canada rival but help them to adjust them- have come from lands where Engselves to the new conditions. To lish is not spoken. Our church is minister to these, or to keep in taking a share in the task of protouch with them in their new claiming Christ to those of eight homes, presents a very serious different nationalities: (1) scatproblem. This is being solved tered French families in the Provthrough the agency of the Sunday- ince of Quebec; (2) Chinese in school missionary who travels in a various centers, among whom van, supplied with Sunday-school eleven workers are giving full-time helps and illustrated papers. Last service, four of these being Chisummer one of these workers cov- nese; (3) Jews in Toronto; (4) ered seven thousand miles, organ- Italians in Montreal, where there ized twenty-six new Sunday- are three congregations with a schools, of which nineteen were combined membership of 225 and meeting in schoolhouses and seve:q with 200 children in the Sundayin private houses. In addition, five schools; (5) Hungarians in nine hundred children remote from any centres, east and west; (6) Uk- Sunday-school were enrolled in a rainians in three cities; (7) Scan- Home Department for the study of dinavian far mer s, woodsmen, the Bible. Three hundred children fishermen, and miners; (8) Perwere found whose parents wished sians. The work of ministering to them to be baptized. During the so many varied nationalities is winter months five hundred and abundantly worth while as a part fifty-nine children were being sup- in the task of making and keeping plied with lesson helps by post, one Canada Christian in thought and outlook.

AMERICA'S GREATEST

TO EGYPT BY REV. WAHBY BOULUS, Sannoures, Egypt EGYPTIANS are not so much Coptic Church and even the street indebted to America for m~r- boys are not forgotte~ in this chandise and other materIal great movement. The Invaluable benefits but many of us are very help such schools are now render- deeply indebted for the work of ing is beyond calculation.

American missionaries. They have Egyptian women also have done much to evolutionize Egyp- found their greatest friends in tian life, and in many ways have American Christian educators.

contributed to progress. They have found their liberty and They are ambassadors of love new life. Egypt has great possi- and sympathy, and in their schools bilities with an open Bible and have been developed democratic this Book is helping to reform the ideals based. on Christian prin- old Coptic Church.

ciples. They have also taught the Missionary medical work has Gospel of Chr~st. . presented a wide field for se.lf- In AlexandrIa, Tanta, CaIro, As- sacrifice and a center for serVIce siut and all up the Nile Valley one to humanity. In Assiut and in finds the indelible impression of Tanta hundreds of thousands have these great American institutions been treated and have returned, -especially of Assiut College. uttering words of gratitude. Dr.

Had it not been fo.r this college Henry stands out as a distin- alone, many EgyptIans who are guished character possessing all now the light of their country the virtues of a Christian minister might have been renegades or vag- and Dr. Grant of Tanta has be- abonds. Young men have been come widely known and greatly snatched from dark homes. Now beloved. Other missionary pio- they are possessed of the light of neers have not considered their knowledge and truth, and are dif- lives dear unto themselves in their fusing light to their fellow coun- desire to offer salvation to the trymen. Egyptians.

In the village where I am now America's greatest contribution a pastor more than two hundred to Egypt has been the men who you~g men, former students of the have come here to serve humanity, Assmt College have come a1l:d.com- to uplift character, and to make pose a group of useful cItizens. known Christ as Saviour and Lord. Thirteen are pastors; others are lawyers, doctors, teachers, or busi:"

ness men. The money was well Arabic Scriptures had a total circula- I·nvested in their education for it tion of 1,200,000 copies during the last brought forth a high percentage of twenty years. About one-tenth of the character and men. whole output have gone to Moslems, which is much. Osmanli-Turkish Scrip- The work of the Sunday-schools tures have all gone to Moslems during is also finding its way into the old the same twenty years in a total of 150,000 copies.

644

CHRISTIANITY IN

BY REV. ALBERT G. MACKINNON, M.A., D.D., Rome, Italy Minister of the Presbyterian Ohurch T o APPRIZE the forces dom- happened is that Mussolini has dis- inant in New Italy one must covered the soul of his country. understand its maker-Mus- At heart, through all the ages, solini. That is not easy, for the there slept the spirit of Imperial evolution of the man is not yet Rome. Mussolini found in the old complete. He has impressed his fasces the "Open Sesame" which ideas and will on a nation by a penetrated through the walls of strength of character and determi- centuries and made the dry bones nation that ranks him as one of rise and live. The Italy which the world's greatest leaders, but has awakened to a consciousness what the ultimate goal will be it of itself has some of the delight- is doubtful if even he himself fore- ful freshness of youth. It is full sees. Fashioned on a rude anvil, of energy and ambition. Fascismo he tasted the bitterness of poverty has harnessed fervor to action: it and imprisonment. The fire of has given ambition a goal, and pa- patriotism in his soul, which has triotism a vent. The dash of Italian been the passion of his life, early character has carried the country began to weld the hard experiences with a rush into its new-found of youth into a fierce determina- possession of unity and power.

tion to make his country a better Time only will prove whether push place to live in and to clear all will be backed 'by perseverance.

self-seekers from positions of au- Has the spurt staying power?

thority. He naturally gravitated The best minds in Italy think towards Socialism; but when he that it has. There may be modifi- had to choose between it and pa- cations in time, but Italy will nev- triotism he was loyal to his first er go to sleep again. It has and abiding love, that of country. awakened, rolled up its sleeves, and Lenin upbraided the Italian Com- set itself to put its house in order.

munists with having lost their Housewives are not over-gentle chance when they allowed such a when the frenzy of cleaning is up- man to leave their ranks. "It is on them, and many a mere man a great misfortune that Mussolini has to complain that his household is lost to us," he wrote. "He is gods have been sacrilegiously fin- a strong man who will lead to vic- gered. Yet when he sits once again tory his party. You have thrown in comfort the sense of purity is away the card which wins the more than compensation. There trick." is a purifying agency at work in His prophecy proved true. Mus- Italy to-day.

soHni could not be suppressed. He How does all this affect Chris- came to the top, and to-day Italy tian work? That is the question presents at first sight a puzzle to we have to answer, and in general the casual observer. It is trans- terms the response is easy. Social formed, reanimated. What has discipline, order, high civic ideals 645

are all conducive to the formation about his private opinions, has of an atmosphere helpful to Truth publicly emphasized the imporin its highest form. Italy just tance of religion in the State. He escaped a catastrophe which would is naturally too preoccupied with have been disastrous to Christian- the affairs of government to probe ity. Bolshevism was about to deeply into the nature of religion break through the guard of civili- itself, and therefore accepts the zation. The pressure from Russia form in which it has been prewas bending the line of resistance; sented to him. He has had little its red flag was vaunting itself opportunity to come into close on the very streets of Rome; its touch with evangelical thought and doctrines were warping the souls forces; but he does not disown the of its citizens, when Italy produced place and work of the Evangelical the man who by a magic word ral- Church in Italy, and acknowledges lied its moral forces. The breach the good it is doing in the formain the dam was stopped, the flood tion of character, which he conwas stemmed; and, in as true a fesses must be the basis of true sense as in Flanders and on the citizenship. Piave, Europe was saved a second time. This outlook tends to put the mind of the average Italian, where Let us pass in review: not hampered by prejudice, into a sympathetic attitude towards the The Forces Helpful to Evangelistic appeal of Truth. It is my frequent Work habit to attend the evening serv- ice in the Waldensian Church in This awakening in the State has Rome, and I am always impressed had a repercussion in the religious by the large and attentive congresphere. It is a period of intensive gations. These are not composed germination. New ideas are evolv- of regular members, but are repreing and taking form in laws. While sentative of the man-in-the-street. the region of this activity has so A considerable number of Roman far been political it has produced Catholics drift in there because of an alert mind which cannot be con- the growing desire to know the fined within the frontiers of the Truth. One cannot come away State. This is all to the good. from these services without feel- Fascism may yet have its parallel ing very hopeful for Italy. in the religious domain. My own belief is that it will, and that noth- Another satisfactory feature in ing can check it. Meantime there the present situation is the reis undoubtedly a deepening of in- peated assurance which the Fasterest in spiritual matters, and a cist Government has given that restless spirit of. inquiry. Books religious liberty will be mainon religious subjects are being tained, and that it will safeguard more largely read, and among the the rights of all denominations more thoughtful there is a tend- which have a recognized claim to ency to question the superstitious its protection. teaching of the Roman Church. Many of its practices will not be Three years ago when Senator able to withstand this new search Luzzatti was writing a book on the for truth. "Relation Between Church and State" he called in my services in Mussolini, while I know nothing connection with his chapter on the

EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY IN ITALY

history of Scotland. Although taking root. A revived interest once Liberal Prime Minister of is manifest in the Word of God Italy and thus in himself the ex- and many incidents have come to ponent of a statesmanship which my knowledge of how a single copy was now superseded, he yet ex- has changed first one life and then pressed absolute confidence in the a whole home. Secretly the leaven new regime to preserve liberty of of the Word is acting and prepar- conscience and worship, and the ing the way for the preaching of rights of religious minorities. This the Gospel of Christ.

testimony from a Jew, but one Forces Which Oppose known as "The Grand Old Man"

of Italy, carries weight. The There is, however, a darker side shrewdness which lurked behind to the picture. Prejudice which those keen eyes read men and has been entrenched for centuries movements and his assurance on is not easily moved; besides there this point has allayed all fears. are material interests which are Another encouraging feature of threatened by evangelical teach- the times is the drawing together ing. It undermines superstition of the separate forces of Evangel- and all that is built thereon. Hence icalism. There was a period when the fierce attacks which are some- they showed rivalry and even op- times made on the preachers of position to each other; but that the Gospel, and especially on those is past. In Italy many organiza- who distribute the Scriptures. The tions are at work to spread the benevolence of the Government is Gospel in its simplicity, but the abused by those who under the greatest of all is the Waldensian cloak of religion seek to hinder Church, to whose heroism Milton workers of a different faith. It opened the eyes of Europe with sometimes also happens that low- a sonnet. It is the survivor of er government officials interpret thirty persecutions each more cruel in an arbitrary way the intentions than the other, and it has the right of the State.

to call itself the oldest Protestant A strange coincidence can also church in Europe. The best way be noticed. Along with the revived to help the evangelical cause is interest in religion there are de- to do it through the Protestant velopments of superstition. Mir- Church of the land. The present acles attributed to the relics of national spirit of the country re- dead saints seem on the increase.

sents the efforts of outsiders. It I have never seen the "Holy Stairs"

will be a long time before we can in Rome more densely thronged expect organic union between the than in recent years. The voice different evangelistic agencies; which whispered to Luther: "The but the fact that there is now co- just shall live by faith" falls to- operation gives strength to the day on deaf ears as men seek sal- cause. vation by penance.

Another thing that gives ground Perhaps one of the greatest dif- for much hope is the increasing ficulties the evangelical cause has circulation 0 f the Scriptures. to face at present is the lack of Though the ground may still be men and means. After all it is hard, the seed is being widely scat- true that "Not many mighty, not tered, and here and there it is many noble are called." The re-

sources available are very limited. may yet achieve a glory greater Their lack is America's and Brit- than "the grandeur that was ain's opportunity; but the giving Rome." of alien help requires tact. Nothing would be more fatal at the Well-intentioned visitors to Rome present moment than to associate very often, through thoughtlessevangelical effort with foreign ness, place themselves in the catechurches, for in such a case it gory of hinderers. A curiosity would be very easy for the enemy which they excuse as harmless to turn national spirit against it, tempts them to seek for admission and thus raise an insuperable bar- to one of the papal audiences. rier to its advance. All the "audience" there is about this ceremony is getting down on The Evangelical churches in one's knees and humbly kissing the Italy need the prayers and prac- Pope's ring as he passes along the tical help of their brethren in other line of kneeling visitors. The next lands, for theirs is a great task day the pUblication of the news at this moment. The character of that, say, "Three hundred distin- New Italy is still in the making. guished American and British vis- If it can be freed from the super- itors had an audience with His stitions of the past, and its zeal Holiness," may not meet their eyes; for the renovation of the State but it is seen by the Italians, who be joined to loyalty to that Saviour do not understand that the motive whose figure it has worshipped but was mere idle curiosity, and acwhose spirit it has misunderstood, cept it as a vote of confidence in then with that purified vision it the Roman Catholic faith.

AN APOSTLE OF CHRIST IN NEW BRITAIN· BY J. H. MARGETTS, Raluana T HE latest thrust made into people accepted the invitation of heathendom by the church certain Taulil chiefs living nearby operating in the Raluana and settled amid the less exacting circuit has been in the direction conditions on the foothills of the of the Baining Mountains, a wide, range. The opportUnity was imrugged range of heights stretch- mediately grasped by our church, ing right across the Gazelle Pen- and services were commenced insula and lying at the back of the amongst them, only the men atcircuit. Sparsely scattered over tending, standing around, not this mountainous region are thou- moving far from their spears sands of nomads who rank with which they had stuck up in the the lowest types of mankind. ground. Shortly afterwards a Having grown tired somewhat native teacher was sent to reside of their nomadic existence, and in the settlement and soon the first having heard something of the seeds of the Kingdom of God were beneficent results accruing to taking root in the hearts and lives those having heard the gospel, in of the people. 1913 a small company of these Six years ago, amongst those * From The Missionary Review of the Meth. found waiting at the door of the church for admittance was a young odist Missionary Society of Australia.

AN APOSTLE OF CHRIST IN NEW BRITAIN

man named Got. Gently and kind- their ears, then calling them to ly and patiently he was taken in join him in prayer. He would stay hand by the native teacher in his in a place a day or two and then village and taught the way of God continue his work elsewhere. The more perfectly. We then received outcome of these missionary jourhim into the church. At baptism neys was that the Christian settlehe took the name Jeremiah. He ments on the foothills were was taught to read, and in order growing month by month. J ereto know the Word of God he miah was lifting up Jesus as he learned the coastal language, in went along, and He was drawing which the New Testament is men and women to Himself. Those printed. All this time he was an men and women, naked savages, eager hearer of the Word and reg- wending their way down the mounularly attended all the meetings of tains, with their packs and babies the church, and endeavored by on their backs, and their bigger nrecept and practice to lead others babies on their shoulders, to where to the grace he had found and was the native teachers were stationed, so much enjoying. It was thought were souls tired out with life as wise to assist his training by giv- they had known it, who had been ing him admittance into the mis- inspired to new life and energy by sionary's school at Raluana; but the promise of rest to be found in he never reaDy settled down the Gospel of Christ, proclaimed amongst us. His heart was where so earnestly by one of themselves. his home is, away in the mountains. He longed to be back with Jeremiah was afterwards made his own people; so we let him go, an assistant teacher. Up till now knowing that the greatest equip- his work had been principally ment God's servants can have is amongst those of his own tribe, not acquired at the schools. He the Uramat people. Between this became a local preacher and was tribe and the sea are the Mallee the first to proclaim the gospel to people, perhaps the most numerhis tribe in their own tongue. ous tribe on the mountains. We "Missionary," they said later on, were anxious that our work should "until Jeremiah preached to us in extend to these also, and as we our own tongue the Divine light had no pioneer suited to the task we saw was as that of the dawn, compared with Jeremiah, he was but now it is as that of the sun approached. Before many days shining high in the heavens." had elapsed he had left home once more, this time on an excursion It was at this time Jeremiah be- into the Mallee country. In that gan his apostolic tours. Over hill district he lived and laboured for and valley, crossing dangerous several months. The dialect spoken rivers, climbing rugged mountains was a little different from his own, in all weathers he would go, look- but this was soon acquired, and he ing for the people in their rude was able to preach to the people hamlets; not finding them he in their own tongue. What has would go and search for them in been the outcome of these entheir gardens, gathering them to- deavors? Another settlement has gether at night and in the light come into being with a population of the fire telling them the story of about two hundred-all brought of the gospel, so wonderful to into the Church by Jeremiah.

VITALITY OF

BY REV. WM. M. PADEN, D.D., Salt Lake City, Utah 'AMORMON apostle, Dr. James of the faith, the Mormon choir, E. Talmage, writes as if the and representative dyed-in-the- vitality of the Mormon cult wool saints from the various wards were evidence of its claim to be the of the city. only true Church of Christ on earth. The Tabernacle, wtJen it is packed But weeds have stubborn roots; as at conference time, seats about they grow; they reproduce; they 7,500 people. The attendance at spread their species; some of these the regular afternoon services weeds are parasites; many of them averages about 600. "That is not thrive best on poorly cultivated a great showing in a city of 125,- soil. Islam is an older, more 000, one half of the people nondeeply rooted and more widely Mormons," says the visitor. "But," spread creed than Mormonism and replies his Gentile companion, its defenders might use these evi- "you must take into account the dences of vitality to prove its di- attendance at the regular morning vine character and unique religious and evening services held in the worth. fifty Mormon meeting houses. The Mormonism is deeply rooted in Mormon church has an enrolled Utah, even in Salt Lake City where membership of 43,759 in this city perhaps half the people are non- and as many more in its suburbs Mormons or "Gentiles." Yet vis- in Salt Lake County. There are itors who pass through this Mor- fewer than 10,000 members-Prot- mon Zion see little of the branches estant and Catholic – enrolled in of this degenerate but fruitful cult all the other churches of this city and less of its roots. Tourists who or county." attend services in the Mormon It should be noted, however, that Tabernacle are apt to think of this the Mormons round up and brand as the one Mormon meeting house all their children at the age of in the city. As a matter of fact, eight years and are not disposed there are fifty other Mormon meet- to purge their church rolls. "Once ing houses in this Mormon Zion a Mormon always a Mormon" is and eighteen more in its environs. one of their sayings.

Moreover, the services held in the Outside of Salt Lake City and tabernacle are for tourists and are County the Mormon cult is still tied up with the Mormon Bureau more stubbornly rooted. But here, of misinformation, which is one of again, the outsider needs disilluthe most seductive missionary sta- sionment. You tell a candidate for tions of the Mormon church. The Christian ministerial service that typical services of the church are he will be the only resident minheld, save during its semiannual ister and serve in the only organconferences, in the ward meeting ized Christian church in one of our houses. The Mormon contingent Mormon towns or counties and he at the Tabernacle services consists will inquire: "Are there any Mor- of certain apostles and defenders mon churches in this unoccupied 650 parish ?" If the field under con- Some of these "stakes" report as sideration centers at Logan, the many as 6,000 members and the county seat of Cache County, you enrolled membership of the church reply: "Oh, yes, there are a dozen in Idaho is over 85,000. There are Mormon meeting houses in Logan not so many members enrolled in and its suburbs; also a central all the other churches – Catholic tabernacle and a conspicuous Mor- and Protestant – of Idaho. The mon temple. There are over forty Mormons have established their Mormon chapels or meeting houses colonies chiefly in the southern in this town or county and you will counties of this state. be the one resident minister in this great parish. The enrolled mem- The cult has, during the last few bership of the Evangelical church years, been taking root and spreadwill be perhaps 125. The Mormon ing in California and, especially, in and around Los Angeles. A A MORMON UNIVERSITY WARD CHAPEL IN UTAH membership, as listed for last year, "stake" has recently been organis 24,241. These members are ized in Los Angeles with its presicared for by five 'stake' presidents, dent, eighteen wards each with its forty-three bishops and scores of bishop, and 6,928 members. The obedient priests." authorities now speak of organiz- ing a "stake" covering the forty or Is the Mormon cult spreading? more missions in central Cali- Is it lengthening its cords, as well fornia. Some of these missions as strengthening its stakes? have already purchased property and built comely chapels. According to the Mormon directory and statistics for Idaho, the Mormon Statistics cult has twenty-four "stakes" in this state, usually including a Speakers at the last Mormon county or a town and its environs. conference boasted that their Each of these "stakes" has from church had more than doubled its six to fourteen meeting places or membership during the last fifty chapels, each with its bishop and years. This is quite true. The contingent of subordinate officials.

present enrolled membership of the from such and other reports that two Mormon sects-the one with the Mormon bishops list all the headquarters in Salt Lake City, the Mormons who happen to be living other with headquarters at Inde- in their wards when report is called pendence, Missouri-recently re- for and so encourage ecclesiastical ported by Dr. H. K. Carroll, is repeating. Nevertheless, in spite 645,158. Of these, about 95,000 of this disposition of the Mormon are J osephites, a midwest variety leaders to claim everything in of Mormon, that have always re- sight, and in spite of their readi- pudiated polygamy and consider ness to wink at "repeating," the Brigham Young and his successors cult is growing. The increase is as usurpe:rs of the authorIty given largely due to Mormon fecundity to Joseph Smith. and the unwillingness of the bish- Deducting the enrollment of this ops to reduce their ward member- J osephite sect, which has little foot- ship by cutting out the dead timber.

hold in the intermountain or Another sign of the vitality of Pacific West, we have left about the Mormon cult may be seen in its 550,000 members of the Utah or new zeal in temple building and its Brighamite. sect – the sect with new emphasis on temple work.

which we chiefly have to do. Three new temples have been built The growth of the Utah variety during the last dozen years-one of Mormonism has not been lux- in Hawaii, another in Alberta, uriant during the last few years- Canada, and a third at Mesa, Ari- say about 21,000 each year, of zona. These temples have cost the whom about 14,000 are children church at least $750,000. There from Mormon families. The num- has also been a great increase of ber of adult baptisms, including such temple work as baptism and adults born of Mormon parents marriage for the dead, initiations but not baptized in childhood, and into the priesthood and marriage converts from the outside world for eternity. At the recent semi- averages about 7,000 per annum. annual conference President Grant The exact figures for last year, as reported that, during the past year, given out by President Grant, are: over 62,000 "recommends" had Children baptized and enrolled, been granted to the members of 14,604; other converts, 6,367. No the church who wished to do reports are made of loss by death temple work or accept temple nor is any report made of losses by vows. Special excursions are ar- apostasy or chronic absenteeism. ranged for the young people of This makes some of the Mormon Utah and southern Idaho who wish statistics rather interesting. For to be baptized for their un-Mor- example: The Mormon church re- monized forbears. Joseph F.

ports a membership of 2,228 in Smith, late president of the church, Kane County, Utah. There are, was in the habit of saying, "We do according to the United States more work to save the dead than Census report, only 2,054 people in we do to save the living." The this county. Another Mormon Catholic doctrine of purgatory, statistician has naively listed this even in its crudest form, has noth- county, basing his estimate on fig- ing on the Mormon doctrine of ures covering twenty-five years, as baptism for the "spirits in prison."

100.07% Mormon. It is evident Polygamy, aside from its appeal

THE VITALITY OF MORMONISM

to the average natural man, was a Idaho, one in Arizona, and three in diabolically shrewd way of holding Utah-elaim to be junior colleges. the leaders of the Mormon cult to- These so-called colleges and univergether. Once tied in polygamy, sities report an enrollment of they were tied up in the Mormon 4,857 students, all of whom take church for life. Moreover, it left courses in Mormon history or Morits mark on their children – a mon theology. mark which did not embarrass them so long as they remained in A more recent and close-gripa Mormon community or the Mor- ping educational program has led mon church. The oath-bound to the building and manning of initiation services and esoteric some sixty-nine seminaries. These teachings of the Mormon temples seminaries contain three roomshave a somewhat similar grip on an office or reception room, a lec- ture room and a rest or recreation A MORMON SEMINARY AND ITS STUDENTS IN UTAH the Mormon priesthood and people room-and are erected adjoining and will be much harder to break or near to the town or county high down than the practice of polyg- schools. A Mormon teacher of amy. high school grade is employed by the church to take charge of each Training Mormon Youth seminary. He teaches the pupils Bible, in which course grades may The rootage and growth of the be given in the public high school. Mormon cult is also fostered by its In addition, he gives courses on the system of church schools and sem- Book of Mormon, Mormon church inaries. Two of these church history and Mormon theology. schools-the Brigham Young Uni- These seminaries are lashed to versity at Provo and the Latter- most of the larger high schools in day Saints University of Salt Lake towns and communities which are City – claim to give university courses. Five others – one in dominantly Mormon. The attend-

ance is supposed to be voluntary First Presidency and Apostles in but the courses have a place in the the Mormon church is much more schedule of the high schools. Ten direct and intimate than that of thousand eight hundred thirty-five the Pope and his cardinals over (10,835) high school pupils were Roman Catholics. enrolled in these seminary classes last year. Faithful Mormons still move in colonies or to colonies of their own In addition to these colleges and kind. The 2,068 missionaries, who seminaries, M 0 r man "religion have during the past year been classes" are held in or near many working out from twenty-seven of our grade schools. The presi- central stations, through 750 dent of the Mormon church reports branches, have been recruiting that 61,131 pupils were enrolled in officers, the branches, as a rule, these week-day religious classes being temporary "holding comlast year. All this week-day proc- panies." For most of the converts ess of Mormonization is in addition hope, sooner or later, to go to some to the work done by the Mormon Mormon community or to get with- Sunday-schools. These Sunday- in easy reach of one of the ~for­ schools are easily the most efficient man temples. If the Mormon peorecruiting and enrolling agencies ple were permanently scattered of the Mormon cult and, as each of over the United States, as are the these Sunday-schools has its the- members of the great Protestant ology class for older pupils and churches, Mormonism would, withadults, these schools are also in a generation or so, lose its hold agencies of indoctrination. The on the majority of its younger regular church services, which are members and nearly all of their usually held in the town or village children. meeting houses on Sunday afternoon, are reiterative, stupid, and So Gentiles, many of them mempoorly attended. bers of Evangelical churches, find it hard to stand up for the faith of Mormon Bishops and Their Flocks their fathers when submerged in a community in which the Mor- The Mormons are, as a rule, mons are outspoken, knit together gregarious or herd-minded. They as one man, and dominant. Some go in flocks or herds, with a bishop of these non-Mormons, when so as herder or herdsman and the tested, suppress _their religious priesthood as his "nippers-in." There are 933 active bishops in the loyalties and soon have neither M'ormQII church and they and other religion to speak of or to live by. priests and high priests being in- Others, like lumps of savorless cluded, there are 130,000 priests of salt, go into solution without givvarious grades in the church. ing color or tang to the solution. Nearly all the male members of Still others are smothered as corn the church who are in good stand- by the weeds. As the Mormon ing, and many who are not, hold church emphasizes the social and office and exercise such authority economic elements of its fellowship as is doled out to them by the First as much as, if not more than, the Presidency and his Twelve Apostles moral and religious elements, some through local bishops and "stake" Gentiles join the cult for social or presidents. The authority of the business reasons, much as they would join a social or commercial

club or a non-religious fraternity. his successors authority to speak This is one of the menaces of Mor- for God and receive additional monism, for while it is probable revelations. that during recent years the Church has made fewer converts These prophets, seers and revelaoutside Mormon communities than tors have taught and still teach in former years, it is more than that there are many gods, male and probable that it has smothered female, that these gods have bodies, down or won into its membership parts and passions, and that the more of the non-Mormons resident Eternal Father is an exalted man. in Mormon communities than at They also teach that men and gods any time dUring the last genera- are of the same species, men being tion. gods in embryo, and that as God is now, man may be. They teach THE MORMON 'l'EMPLE IN HAWAII Doctrines and SUlljection to Authority that men and women, in order to become gods and goddesses, must Today the peculiar claims and be baptized and married by men peculiar teachings of this peculiar holding the Mormon priesthood cult are being pressed to the utter- and accept the secret vows and most. Some of the teachings are: pledges administered in the Mor- That the so-called Christian Church mon temple. was apostate and that Joseph Smith was called of God to reestab- They teach that polygamy, as lish the only true church of Jesus practiced and endorsed by the Christ; that he was given au- prophets, seers and revelators of thority to add the Book of Mor- the Mormon church, is a divine inmon, the Pearl of Great Price, and stitution and that its discontincertain lucubrations of his own to uance as a practice does not the Scriptures and to transmit to discount its righteousness as a principle.

CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE

Mr. Tie n, a colporteur of the robber chief, Mr. Tien found "Church Village," wondered what himself treated as an honored outrageous demands would be guest. The chief called for tea to made for the ransoming of his dear be served, and himself poured it ones who were captured. Among out, apologizing to the embarrassed them was his niece, a girl of six- colporteur for having brought him teen. so far away from home. "I could Suddenly a mysterious message easily have sent your two children reached him by word of mouth. He back to you but was afraid that was asked to travel alone and un- harm might come to them on the armed to a place among the hills, way," said he. "I am sorry that where further instructions would my men made the mistake they did, be given. Dare he venture on such but they could not tell which were a journey into the heart of bandit- your children."

land? But he believed that God *** could take care of him anywhere, Those responsible for evangel- so shouldering his Bible Society istic work in the Tehchow, Shan- knapsack of gospels he set off for tung mission of the American the hills, selling his books as he Board, do not feel that "the Chi- went along. On approaching the nese Church is floundering around haunt of the desperadoes his cour- lost in a wilderness just because age almost failed, for he noticed the missionary leadership has been that armed men were watching taken away suddenly." The van- him from among the high rocks. ishing of this leadership did make Soon he was challenged with a it difficult for the country church gruff "Who are you?" and he re- members to readjust themselves.

plied, "I am Tien of Church Vil- They even anticipated another lage." "Oh! you've come, have Boxer persecution. The church you?" was the puzzling response. elders were stunned. The Chinese He found himself being passed on leaders, superintendents and Evan- from post to post and described by gelistic Committee quickly made the sentries as the "Poor Ticket." plans for a "tour of explanation."

These robbers always speak of Their purpose was to clear up the their victims as though they were minds of the church members and lottery tickets, and here was one encourage them to seize the new whom they reckoned as a blank. opportunity to show that the Chris- At length Mr. Tien found him- tian Church is already indigenous self in a hill village which re- in China. At first things stood sembled a military camp. It was still. But gradually work has been full of armed men who seemed to resumed in the various stations.

be well disciplined. They dressed Whereas a few years ago the Chi- as soldiers during the daytime and nese thought that the Church was travelled among the villages quite an unimportant element in commu- openly, but at night they appeared nity life, as a result of the present in civilian clothes. agitation it has become a center of Conducted into the presence of popular interest.

656 SETTING THE YOUNG WOMEN classes, picture charts for Sunday- TO WORK school work, Sunday-school papers and cards, sheet music and other articles By MRS. C. K. LIPPARD, Philadelphia, Pa. were also sent from the society with no expense except for postage. Cor- General i1£::e!~igat:r~;:Pi~ri'l!~:~~:t, United In this age of projects and objec- respondence was opened with several tives and feminine activities it is not fields, needs were made known, internearly so hard to enlist workers as in esting information was received and former years. But how to introduce closer ties were formed. Christmas great activity into the society without boxes to which each contributed a losing devotional tone is a problem. gift, followed at the proper time. The society's interest was increased ten A Missionary Postmistress fold. The postmistress and stamp In one socie'ty there was a shy, re- window have become regular features tiring but faithful member who of their organization.

seemed to be losing interest for lack A Fireside Circle of a place in the activities. She could When a Mission Study Class was not sing, speak or pray in public and did not work well on committees. Yet first mentioned it did not appeal to she was earnest and longed for a share the girls of one society. Study was in the great task. Finally we estab- not what they wanted. But when atlished, just for her, the new office of tractive invitations were issued to a "Postmistress." Many women in the Fireside Meeting at one of the attrac- congregation had magazines, books, tive homes with a real fireplace, the music and other articles that they words "missionary" and "study" did were willing to send to the mission not appear, and the girls came. A field, but did not want to take the short chapter from a new study book time and trouble to tie them up. Each was read and discussed, appropriate country seemed to demand a different music was rendered by outside talent, mode of wrapping. The post office and light refreshments were served.

was out of the way so that it was a The girls were eager to come again.

nuisance to send them off. Our mis- Curios, victrola records from different sionary postmistress consented to re- lands, and surprise features were in- ceive all such articles brought to the troduced. Before they knew it they meetings, wrap and mail them, send a were deep in the book, and met in dif- letter with each parcel and read the ferent homes, calling themselves "The replies at subsequent meetings. A Fireside Circle." At the third meet- box called Stamp Window was Bet on ing, the girls themselves suggested the table and each member was asked that the refreshments be dropped, and to put in at least one cent each time the cost contributed to a cause pre- to be used for postage. Our post- sented in the study book. This is the mistress grew so interested in her fourth year of the Fireside Mission work that she called up members re- Study Circle and its membership is minding them to bring their maga- still increasing.

zines. Missionaries thus received Loose leaf notebooks were given to good periodicals regularly only a few one group of girls by a wise leader, weeks late. Hymn books for singing and they jotted down at each meeting 657 4

anything that impressed them or that posted on the Sunday before the meet- was new or interesting. At the end ing, is a good reminder. A bright of a short time each girl was asked to picture poster is best. Personal inlook over her book, take from it the vitations to each member of each class, page that seemed to her the most novel in the fall after the scattering sumor impressive and pin it on the wall. mer months, help new or indifferent A very striking exhibit was the result. ones to feel themselves needed and Posters were then evolved from the welcome. ideas on the notebook pages. A tea or reception, given by the Some Si:mple Devices Women's Missionary Society to all the girls of the Sunday-school or congre- Very simple devices may be used to gation, is a good method of approachtake away monotony from a meeting. ing the subject of a young women's In the room where we meet one of the organization. A short dramatization most helpful pieces of furniture is an may impress the girls with the imold battered screen frame we have portance or desirability of organizing. covered with brown burlap. On this Literature may be distributed at the we pin pictures. One night a strip of same gathering. paper across the top carried the words: "Our Guests of Honor." Be- Literature given out in the Sundaylow were pictures of our missionaries school the Sunday before the meeting and after learning all we could of sometimes will influence a girl to atthem personally the screen was tend. turned around and showed on the reverse side the places in which they A contribution to the regular proworked. gram by the children now and then brings out the mothers. An open Once we entertained some of our meeting or mother's party given by outstanding native Christians in the the children's organization will teach same way. Pictures of babies of all the mothers more about missions than nations covered the screen when we many programs of their own. wished to interest the mothers in Junior Work. Palm leaf fans strewn about the Sunday-school seats one Sunday bore Special projects were brought to the words, "We grew in India. If our members' attention by the old you wish to learn many more interscreen without a word being said. A esting things about that country, atlist of things needed from a certain tend the missionary meeting next field was posted and articles made by Tuesday." Japanese paper fans may our Juniors to be sent to various fields be used in the same way. were pinned on the burlap, making an inspiring display. Phonograph records of songs of mission lands, played in the vestibule Our Musical Evening of the church when the young people were having a social gathering, at- In connection with a musical pro- tracted some to come back the next gram an exhibit of musical instru- night to hear more native music and ments from mission lands and some learn more of the people who produced victrola records of native music added it. missionary interest. A sketchy drawing of a hill with a Project" for Young Women path going up, on which were many stones, drew the attention of the In this age of action, a dead or young women. Each stone was marked passive program will not appeal to the with such obstacles as "loneliness," young. Alert leaders, live programs "foreign language," "non-Christian and real projects must be offered surroundings," one was "few letters them. A separate poster for each from home," one "climate," etc. Begirls' classroom in the Sunday-school, low were the words, "Do you want to help our new missionaries combat the

METHODS FOR WORKERS

obstacles in their pathways? They their teacher for help and she put inhave gone there instead of you and to their hands the best to be had in me." children's missionary story material. The girls had never seen books of this The same drawing can be used to kind. emphasize the difficulties in the path of the new native Christians: super- Being energetic and earnest they stition, ignorance, unbelief, millions did their best to prepare and present of gods, tradition, or some of the un- the material attractively. One, a favorable customs of the country illus- normal school student, used posters, trated. maps and blackboard to illustrate the story. Another began, with the The picture of a clothesline between teacher's help, to collect curios to two posts, with America on one and show. One girl dressed in the cossome mission field on the other, with tume of the country she told about. large squares for washing hanging out made an effective poster. Above At the end of three months, withwere the words, "Is your wash clean, out a word of urging from anyone, or does it look like this?" On the this class organized into a Young clothes were written the words, selfish- Women's Missionary Society. They ness, superiority, prejudice, narrow- also started a missionary museum for ness, uncharitableness. A companion the Sunday-school, which has proved poster read, "The real Christian's of great value. washing looks like this"; clothes were marked-love, friendliness, fellowship, A Novel Sunday-School Picnic brotherhood, charity, kindness, equality. A real clothesline with large The teachers and officers of a cerpieces of white cloth or paper really tain Sunday-school wanted some novel hanging on may be one feature of a kind of an outing to take the place program for young people. The of the regular Sunday-school picnic. changing of the first pieces for those They could not afford to go out of the of the second list can be made very city or to provide elaborate sports. impressive. Another use for a clothes- The outing was to be held in a runline is to hang on it gifts to be sent down tourist camp grove. The misto any field. The line may join the sionary enthusiast recognized an openchurch with the field. ing and suggested "A Trip Around the World." Wha.t One Class Did Each class became a certain country The teacher of an attractive class and decorated its place accordingly. of girls was missionary minded, but The boys built a real straw hut and she seemed to fail entirely in interest- blackened their faces. Several brought ing the girls. After much thought drums, and Africa was the result. and prayer she went to the Sundayschool superintendent and made a The American Indians appeared in proposition. full regalia. Tepees were set up, and a monstrous totem pole, which took "My girls can tell stories beauti- weeks to carve and embellish, was in fully," she said. "I want to ask you evidence. Weird dances were the to use them for missionary story tell- order of the day. ing. Anna tells them best for junior age, and Ella for primaries. Please A pretty booth under a blossoming let them do the story telling for the tree, and hung with lanterns and next few months. Let them take paper umbrellas, where tea and cake turns." were dispensed by girls in bright kimonos, was unmistakably Japan. She arranged that the superintendent himself ask the girls to help in this The biggest surprise of all was a way. They were to choose their own red pagoda built by the men's Bible stories, but' naturally they came to class, of heavy pasteboard boxes, in the Chinese city. A part of the great wall, formed of boxes, fenced them in.

The missionary enthusiast had pre- decorate the Sunday-school room durpared some banners telling of the ing the summer. They were led not work of their denomination in each merely to play at gardening but to field. These were made of unbleached really work. Hours were set for them muslin and waved from the trees of to come during the week to do their the various countries. share.

The hymns chosen by the men, and Their memory verse that day was: sung at the end of that picnic, turned Song of Solomon, 2: 11-12. The theme out to be missionary hymns. Uncon- was "Cooperation with God." sciously they had abSorbed something of missionary information and of the Nothing thrills a boy like a flagmissionary spirit. draped room. At one meeting the whole period was spent on the study Interna.tional Post Office of flags of all nations, their origin and their significance. An admiration A program, beginning from the for and understanding of the flags of postman at our door and working in the world makes for world peace. trains, ships, cables. ocean travel and Flag songs and national anthems the stamps of all nations with games were introduced and explained. Interof travel and post office, will interest national stamps may also be brought very small children as well as the into such a program. larger boys. Stamp collections as well as picture postcards from all na- Surprises for Children tions should be shown. Post deliveries by camel, elephant, man-pulled carts, A new song on a chart turned backoxcarts and aeroplane may be ex- wards until time to sing. plained. Such a program can be made thrilling, but its success is dependent A foreign visitor or some one on the leader. dressed in the costume of some for- eign country. Something to Do A taste of native food. The secret of success in any mis- A rainy-day surprise may be the sionary organization is something for story of the rainy season in Africa or each one to do, and each one doing Japan-tasteless salt, food and clothes something. mouldy, shoes white with mildew, etc. Native umbrellas may be shown. At one children's meeting, when the boys and girls first arrived, they For Older Children rushed with shiny faces up to their leader, asking eagerly, "What are we Larger boys and girls may be intergoing to do today, Miss Fannie?" She ested in debates on such questions as: answered smiling, "You'd never, never guess! It's something just lovely." "Resolved that America cannot do without churches." Their replies gave the key to some of the "just lovely things" they had "Resolved that the church is the done. most important institution in our neighborhood." "Is it writing a letter to India? Taking stamps to the lame boy? Go- "Resolved that Japan needs more ing to the museum to see the Indians? missionaries." Scrap-books? Can't we pack another box? Say, I've got some dandy paste "Resolved that the study of misto mend song books. We could make sions is broadening." those old ones look new to send to Africa! Let's make another play These same themes put in question about Japan. Let's make a poster." form may be used as discussion topics for the group. This time they started a garden to "aise flowers for the sick and also to To Encourage Attendance Banners for attendance may be pre- pared for juniors, primary and kinder- garten groups and allowed in the room only when the attendance is per-

fect. The same plan may be employed They had come to learn how to use the to encourage promptness. programs. They wanted to know For Young Women where their gifts were most needed and how they could be of greatest A special "Thank You Box," large service. They grew each moment more enough to hold any gift offered, may discouraged and bewildered. Some of be placed in the meeting room. When them did not come back. A real op- something unusually pleasant happens portunity was wasted.

to a member, such as a birthday, re- Another leader may do everything covery from an illness, an engagement, beautifully. She may conduct the marriage or the birth of a child, she meeting, lead in prayer, play the may feel free to bring a Thank You piano, sing, provide splendid speakers, gift for some missionary, and place it write to missionaries and teach the in the box. A book received as a gift study class. When she is ill no one and read during the illness, a duplicate dares to take her place. No one thinks wedding or engagement gift, some- that she can do it well enough. And thing not needed for the baby, or a no one feels responsibility. It is her gift especially purchased because of a meeting, not theirs. An opportunity thankful heart, may be the offering. to train in other leaders and to de- At regular intervals the box should velop personal responsibility may be be opened, the gifts sorted and mailed lost by one woman's efficiency.

to any persons decided on by the class Then there is the careless and in- or society. This should in no way be different leader. We can pick her out allowed to interfere with the regular at once. The room is not in order.

thankoffering of money. Nothing is arranged. No one is ap- Siu>ple l>evices pointed to take part in the program till after she arrives at the meeting, Clothes pins make excellent people generally late, and hastily requests to be used in a sand table. They can some one to pick out some hymns and wear almost any costume. Two clothes for pity's sake, one of you look up a pins make a horse and rider, a num- prayer we can read together! A ber of them joined together a camel stranger coming in finds no guide, no train, etc. poster to show in which room the A message of love may be written meeting is held. There is no one to on a kite and it may be let loose to fly play the piano; never of course any away, bearing kindness to anyone special music or surprise feature; no who finds it. While it disappears the one is interested; the meeting drags.

children may recite: The Oooperative Meeting Fly a kite of kindness The best meeting is cooperative. To friends across the sea.

Hindering and Helping These words: "Our society," "our meeting," "our program" explain its .Strange as it may seem a most effi- success. The leader, however efficient cient leader may be a great hindrance. and thoroughly interested, has made Recently we attended an organization each one feel herself indispensable.

meeting where an outsider had been Mrs. Brown hears of a Japanese asked to speak a needed word of en- tourist visiting in the neighborhood couragement. The members were and begs him to come and show his women from moderately comfortable curios and costumes to her society.

homes, none of whom had gone to Mrs. Jones brings her new fern to school for the last two decades. As decorate the table, or a geranium the words "project" and "objective," blooming out of season. Mrs. Smith's "psychological," "efficiency," and "cur- cousin who sings is brought along to riculum" were flung about, a look of give a solo. The president welcomes bewilderment settled on their faces. all these helps even though they do

not always quite fit into the program. "Let us make a Japanese quilt," she "Our society" never lacks variety. smiled. "It's different and more in- . "We" are all so interested. "Our hus- teresting." "Ahs" and "ohs" of asbands" have their regular jobs on tonishment greeted the strange missionary society nights, driving patches. Soon each woman was busy about to gather up women for the filling in the outline with the right meeting. "Our college daughters" colored floss provided. Questions folknow that they must go to the neigh- lowed as naturally as breathing. bors so they can leave their babies and come. Even "our sons" stay at The wise pastor's wife had prepared home with their little sisters and and could answer intelligently. At brothers. Every woman in the con- the end of the meeting the pastor apgregation is expected to be at the peared and on seeing the new quilt meeting. Generally she is there. blocks, offered to bring a book on Japan next time, show them pictures How We Did It of the strange objects and read to them while they sewed. So the first Introducing missions into unmis- wedge of mission study was inserted. sionary churches, and interesting the When the pretty quilt, lined with uniuterested is not an easy task. cherry-blossom pink, was finished, Those who are leaders or workers, or there was little about Japan or miswho have always attended churches sion work there that those women did that recognize missions as a natural not know. part of the church program, feel helpless when confronted by the absolute A quilt full of pagodas, wheelbarignorance of and indifference toward rows, dragons and mandarins folthe subject in many communities. lowed, and it was put together with pale yellow, while China became real Here are a few methods used re- to the sewers. cently by earnest women moving into such communities: A black and white quilt, covered with elephants, oxcarts, hammocks, The opening wedge-Mrs. A. was mud huts and cunning black children a young pastor's wife fresh from a followed, as Christ's love for Africa lively missionary church and over- was impressed upon them. flowing with zeal. She was appalled by the fact that a women's meeting in The pile grew until the sale of the their new parish meant either pre- quilts came under discussion. Do you paring a big dinner or quilting. wonder that the minister's wife smiled Though the church women were in- when one woman suggested that the telligent, they knew nothing of mis- proceeds go to the various fields? sions. Offerings were unknown. That was a real innovation in that Sales and bazaars were the social church. events of the year. Quilts were sold to meet the quota of the congregation. "Why not send the quilts themselves After pondering in silence awhile to the missionaries?" the mission-enthe pastor's wife made her decision. thusiast put it meekly. "It might encourage them to know how inter- "If the women must make quilts, ested we are in their countries and I'll help them make a new kind," she the people there. All missionaries said. need bedding."

When opportunity offered she pro- This led naturally to the letters of duced squares of unbleached muslin thanks and appreciation from the missix by six inches, on which were out- sionaries. The personal touch was an lined strange objects -lotus flowers, accomplished fact and the rest folchrysanthemums, bamboo, jinrikishas, lowed slowly but naturally and instrange looking farmers in umbrella evitably. The church now has its mishats, rice bowls, silkworms, and sionary society and mission study Japanese dolls-each claimed a square. class. None of the women realize just how it came about.

WOlIAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THE JERUSALEM MEETING prise to discover the will of God for this critical hour. By MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN, New York The three outstanding results to my mind were: We arc still too near the meeting for true perspective or accurate evalu- I. The fellowship experienced on ation. It is, however, quite evident Mount of Olives in the deepest realithat we have witnessed and have par- ties of life, the intimate interpenetraticipated in one of the creative hours tion of mind with mind, of spirit with spirit, across the frontiers of language THE WOMEN DELEGATES FR OM MANY NATIONS AT JERUSALEM of missionary history of the world. and race and communion, the trans- For' one of the really great crises of formation of outlook and the expanmodern missionary history confronts sion of horizon. We experienced the the Christian forces of the world, and great fact of the solidarity of the Jerusalem, 1928, was an honest, de- disciples of Christ, "That they all may vout effort by the representatives of be one." This fellowship developed the responsible leadership of the Prot- through corporate prayer, worship, estant Christian missionary enter- through living, eating, thinking to- 663

gether, 250 of us, representing fifty- where must be a truly missionary one countries. church to express the mind of its Lord, to live vitally, to grow and serve; II. The expression of the common therefore the younger churches must mind of the Council under the guid- share this responsibility with the ance of God, as incorporated in the older churches since it is a cooperafindings. The mornings of the first tive enterprise. week were given to reports by the chairmen of the eight Commissions on III. The richness and depth of the the Surveys prepared before the meet- spiritual life of the Council in its ing. These were followed by forums vitality, its unity and its variety of which brought into the open diver- expression. Our surroundings had, gences or agreements of opinion, new no doubt, much to do with this exmaterial, and varied and rich ex- perience. We lived together for fifperiences of the Christian leadership teen days on the Mount of Olives, the from all over the world. All of this Holy City spread out as a panorama made an excellent preparation for the before us to the west, the Jordan findings groups which were organized Valley and the Dead Sea on the east, around the eight subjects of the sur- to the north was Judea and to the veys, and which met and reported the south Bethlehem and Bethany. The second week. Every delegate was on Wilderness of Temptation lay at our one or more of these findings groups feet. We were constantly reminded of or committees. These findings not the life and death of our Lord. All only gave a restatement of the Chris- these brought back in insistent spirtian message of the Gospel in terms itual recollections the realities and of deep reality, vibrating and real for compulsions of the faith by which we the new generation, reemphasizing are called to live and to serve. the supreme and unique place of Christ, of His life, death and resurrec- On the opening Sunday afternoon, tion as a redemptive act of God, but Bishop MacInnes, of Jerusalem, in the they also expressed for us the com- grounds of the Galilean Church on the pleteness of the Christian message for side of the Mount of Olives gave a deall of life. The findings covered these votional talk on the City of Jerusalem seven other fields: The development which lay spread out before us. On of Christian education on sound edu- Palm Sunday morning he took the concational and spiritual principles to ference on a devotional pilgrimage in meet the growing needs of all ages song and prayer and praise from Bethand groups in the churches all around any along the path our Lord walked or the world; the future of cooperation; rode on His triumphal entry into Jeruthe relationship of the older and salem. Late at night on Maundy younger churches; the type of appeal, Thursday we prayed in the Garden of and the magnitude of the task of the Gethsemane with the moonlight mak- Home Base; the world-wide industrial ing clear the outlines of the olive and rural problems based on sound trees. On Good Friday morning many Christian teaching, economic science walked from the Ecce Homo Church and practical need; the findings on along the Via Dolorosa in devotional interracial relationships, courageous meditation to the Church of the Holy and balanced. All these gave a clear Sepulchre, on the second Saturday we mandate, an expanding program, a went to Bethlehem, to Jericho, the unified world outlook for Protestant banks of the Jordan, where the Christendom. There was evidenced a Saviour was baptized, and to the Dead growing conviction on the part of the Sea. younger churches represented that the missionary task was not the con- In these and other ways the unique cern of the sending churches only, Christian associations of Jerusalem but that the Church of Christ every- wove themselves vitally into our spir- itual experience. We realized as never before that our Lord actually

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

lived our natural life, performed our Ruth Woodsmall, Secretary of Y. W.

natural tasks, walked the crowded C. A. Eastern Mediterranean Federa- streets and highways, and so for us tion; Mrs. George H. Huntington, was broken down forever the partition Chairman of the Near East Commit- between things sacred and things tee of the Y. W. C. A. and wife of the secular. He hallowed all of life for us. Vice-President of Robert College, Another outstanding point of in- Constantinople; Baroness G. W. T.

terest was the contacts and friend- Van Boetzelaer Van Dubbledam of the ships formed among the women dele- Netherlands; Miss B. D. Gibson, as- gates present. At the preceding meet- sistant secretary of the International ing of the International Missionary Missionary Council; Miss M. M.

Council held at Oxford, there were Underhill, associate Editor of the In- five women delegates, at this meeting ternational Review of Missions and there were 42 women delegates, Miss Esther Strong, Assistant Libra- coopted members and secretaries. rian. The women were called together Our own American delegation was twice on their own initiative to dis- a strong one. It included eleven cover in what ways they could give women from the United States and the largest contributions to the dis- one from Canada. There were two cussions and proceedings of the con- women in the English delegation, one ferences, and also to get acquainted from Scotland, one from Switzerland, and to learn something definite about one from the Netherlands, and one the fields, problems and progress of from Germany, Mme. Schlunk, who one another's work. Baroness Van was taken ill .en route and could not Boetzelaer Van Dubbledam was made attend the meeting. chairman of these informal gather- Among the delegates from the ings of the women's group.

Orient were some whose women, at The women were all housed together least, were familiar to us. From in one of the huts, they enjoyed much China, Miss Luella Miner, Dean of informal fellowship there and at the Women of the Shantung Christian morning coffee and afternoon tea University, Tsinan; Mrs. C. C. Chen, hours. While we each had regular Vice-Chairman of the National Y. W. seats in the guest hall of the German C. A. of China and Chairman of the Hospice where our meetings were Board of Directors of the Woman's Christian Medical College of Shang- held, there were no definite places at hai; Miss Pao-Swen Tsing, Founder the tables in the dining hall, each meal and Principal of Fang Girls' College, was like a turn of a kaleidoscope, new Changsha. From India, Miss Eleanor combinations, new tablemates, new ac- McDougall, Principal of the Woman's quaintances resulted. By the middle Christian College, Madras, and Miss of the first week all formality was Tara N. Tilak, social worker from gone and we were a friendly group the University Settlement, Bombay. intent on exchanging views and secur- From Japan, Mrs. Ochinii Kubushiro, ing information from one another. National Secretary of the Woman's Most of the Orientals wore their na- Christian Temperance Union of Japan, tive costumes which added much color and from Korea, Miss Helen Kim, to the gathering.

Dean of Ewha Woman's College, The possibilities of cooperation in Seoul. Some other WOmen notables observing the World's Day of Prayer were Mrs. Mary Grace Forgan, Presi- was presented to the women and there dent of the Woman's Foreign Mission were a general consensus of opinion and Vice-Convener of the Foreign that such participation by Christian Mission Committee of the United Free women everywhere would prove an- Church of Edinburgh; Miss Mary other bond of unity among the Chris- Dingman, Industrial Secretary of the tian women of the world.

World's Y. W. C. A., London; Miss Miss Helen Kim of Korea has con-

sented to prepare the 1929 program suits of the foreign mission enterprise for the World Day of Prayer. than the exhibit of the great lives and The women gave very valuable con- wonderful accomplishments of these tributions through the forums and on Christians who have come out from the findings committees. It was evi- their own faiths and have followed the dent that their contributions were ap- teachings of the Lord Jesus. It is not preciated, for in the reorganization of a new development. When the Com- the Council when the lack of women mittee on the United Study of Foreign members became apparent, the Na- Missions was formed in 1900 we wel- tional Christian Council, which now comed to the platform in Carnegie constitutes the International Mission- Hall, Lilavati Singh, president of the ary Council, was admonished by Dr. first Woman's College in India. We Mott, the reelected Chairman, to see recognized even then the fitness and that this lack was remedied. the ability of Indian women to assume As the question of world-wide co- high positions of leadership. It is no operation was faced and the need ex- new thing to find women of the Orient pressed by the yonger churches for and even in Africa who have given continued help in men and women, "long lives of service worthy to be writ- money, sympathy and prayers from ten with those so marvelously set forth the older or sending churches, the in the Epistle to the Hebrews. It is magnitude of the task ahead pressed especially delightful to be able to an- more and more heavily upon us. The nounce that we have secured as the new areas of life as well as of terri- author and editor of this book, which tory that need to be claimed and in- is to be the climax for our third decade fused with the spirit of Christ, partic- of United Study a popular well-known ularly those areas of industry and in- author, Miss Singmaster. Miss Sing- terracial relations which have been master, who is really Mrs. Lewars, is among the major concerns of our Fed- a member of the Lutheran Church and eration, and the great rural areas of its Woman's Board of Foreign Mis- the world· as .yet but little touched- sions. She has studied mission work these tremendous needs placed over and has met some of the fine repre- against our inadequacy, personal and sentatives who have come to this collective, drove us deeper and deeper country. She will have a wealth of into self-examination, personally and material from all the Boards and will corporately and a profound sense of give the fine literary touch and artistic dependence on the supernatural re- handling which will make it a book for sources of God grew in our hearts. wide circulation and of immense value.

Vomell Delegates and Coopted Members from The Junior book will be written by tlnit~d States and Canada: Miss Helen Calder, Mrs. Seebach, editor of the children's Mrs. R. M. ea vert, Mi.ss Margaret Crutchfipld, magazine of the Lutheran Board. ].[rs. H. E. Goodman, Miss Sara Lyon, Mrs. Here again we have an able writer, 'rhos. Nicholson, Mrs. Harper Sibley (Alte'i'~ one thoroughly qualified to present to boys and girls the lives of boys and IInte), Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Mrs. Robert Rpeer, )1r8. Chas. W. Williams. ~frs. John R. Mott (Coopted), Mrs. Murray Brooks.

THREE DECADES OF UNITED girls who have made good in their STUDY various countries, and have in their We are happy here to give the an- youth come to know the Boy of Twelve, nouncement for the last book of our who is the model for all boys and girls.

third decade as a United Study Com- As we think over the years and the mittee. The Committee, in conference great writers of our study books we with the Boards, has undertaken to are especially thankful that God has prepare a book for 1930 which will called into this missionary service men give the life stories of our great and women of such eminent ability leaders, Japanese, Chinese, Indian, and that He has allowed us all together African, Korean, and Persian. There to study the work for His cause.- could be no better summing up of re· Mrs. Henry W. Peabody.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THE PRAYER OF A LONELY Dr. William Pierson Merrill, pas- STUDENT tor of the Brick Presbyterian Church, "Almighty God, our Heavenly Fa- New York City, at an interdenomina- ther, Thou hast made the earth and tional convention of pastors in Ohio the people thereon, white, yellow, red some weeks ago is quoted as having or black, at thy will and they are all said, "If it is just to punish men for good in thy sight. I beseech thee to peace talk in war time, there ought comfort me when I feel like a stran- to be some way of reaching those who ger here; help me to endure perse- indulge in war talk in peace time." cutions ;md scorns, give me wisdom The Ohio Christian News quoting this that I may understand that people said editorially under the caption of whatever complexion are all thy "Peace-time Sedition": children and thou art their Father "Unless 'j¥e really want war, we and Creator."-By a Chinese Student, have no business to talk war-to jug- printed in The Living Church.

gle figures as to comparative strength -to assert that we must have a navy BUILD FRIENDSHIPS FOR NAstrong enough to blow any other navy out of the water. National security TIONAL DEFENSE was never gained by any nation by that method. It is the men who have The National Committee on the talked peace who have brought us Cause and Cure of War has proposed every step of the progress toward a campaign in behalf of the treaty peace that we have been able to make. to renounce war among the Great It is the men who are talking peace Powers. A great movement is sweepto-day who are the real builders of ing over the world to substitute some happiness and security and prosperity form of arbitration for war when disfor America." putes arise between nations. It is the purpose of the Committee to carry Someone has said, "We must plan the news of the Briand-Kellogg nefor peace, and make it as easy as pos- gotiations to as many people as possible to maintain peace, and as stupid sible and to invite them to unite in as possible to wage war." expressions of public opinion support- ing the proposed multilateral treaty And another says, "In time of war renouncing war among the Great the people of a nation bend every en- Powers. (Definitions: A multilateral ergy toward war; in time of peace, treaty is a group treaty signed by all should bend every energy toward several or many nations; a bilateral permanent maintenance of peace." or bi-party treaty is one signed by two nations.) International Relations Publications (15 cents) is a new bibliography pre- The women of the nine organizapared by the World Peace Foundation, tions composing the National Com- 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, Mass.

It lists pUblications of forty-one mittee on the Cause and Cure of War, American organizations, with brief while endeavoring to make a demondescription of each publication, so stration of popular opinion in the that one can quickly get some idea United States, have no desire to ex- of its contents. It is very convenient clude from this campaign other in- for those who want to know what is terested organizations or people. All now available in this field. citizens and all organization!! 1!-,e ~1)..~ 667

vited to cooperate in securing the pas- treaty severally with each other to subsage of the following resolution mit their differences to arbitration and, favoring this proposal, at any kind furthermore, thirty of these nations of representative meeting. have absolutely proscribed war each with the other; and The campaign in behalf of the treaty is not confined to the United WHEREAS, The established policy of States. Twenty-three organizations the United States, as instanced notably in Great Britain have united in a in the Root and Bryan treaties, is peacecommittee to conduct a similar move- ,ful settlement of disputes between our ment there. They will plan their work country and other nations, be it through the summer and make a short, intense campaign in the autumn, be- Resolved, That we welcome the corginning with a great public meeting respondence and negotiations now proin Albert Hall, London. They have ceeding between the Great Powers of invited the Committee on the Cause the world-France, Germany, Great and Cure of War to send representa- Britain, Italy, Japan and the United tives from the United States. to speak States-proposing a multilateral treaty at that meeting. It is probable a proscribing war between themselves and similar great meeting will be held engaging by solemn pledges to find in New York and that British speak- peaceful methods of settling any dispute ers will parti<;ipate. The women of arising, and be it further France and Germany are also beginning to move in the same direction. Resolved, That we hereby pledge to this undertaking our earnest and active WILL YOU HELP? support, and urge this and succeeding administrations of the United States per- sistently to prosecute these negotiations until such a treaty is ratified.

Slogan "BUILD FRIENDSHIPS, NOT WAR- SHIPS, FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE"

The Resolution Plan of. ClUIlpaign (Information to be filled in for each meet- State Conferences ing at which the resolution is passed. At every meeting where the resolution is adopted The National Committee invites the four copies should be attested and two of representatives of the nine organizations these Rhould h~ ~iv(ln to. a committee whnst' of which it is composed to call and to duty it will be to take charge of the resolu- hold a conference in each of the fortytions passed witbin the state by the united eight states for the purpose of spreading organizations. TIle other two should be sent public education concerning the proposto Miss Elizabeth Morris. 1010 Grand Central als, their aim and meaning, and to which Terminal Building. New York City.) a resolution may be presented for adop- tion. Adopted at ……………………. . (State character of meetinl!;) Local Conferences By vote of ….. FOR to ….. AGAINST Regional, county, city, town, village, -or UNANIMOUSLY and rural conferences organized with Town or City …. . . . . .. State ……. . the same aim and by the same methods Date ……. . are earnestly urged. Under auspices of ……………… . Other Organizations ( OrganilZation) Chairman of meeting …………… . Resolutions passed by any organiza- Address ………………………. . tion other than one of the nine which Secretary …………………….. . compose the National Committee, and Address ……………….. , ……. . which have been given into the charge of the state committee, should be treated WHEREAS, The rising tide of public in the same manner. opinion throughout the world favors reason not force, arbitration not battles as Branches the means of settling disputes between nations; and Each of the nine organizations is urged to present this resolution for WHEREAS, World opinion is coming to adoption to each of its branches throughregard war as an obsolete, ineffective out the country. Collectively, the nine and uncivilized instrument of national organizations are urged to secure the policy, albeit the institutions of peace passage of the resolution through as are not yet completely agreed upon nor many other gatherings as possible. fully established but are in the process Churches, clubs, forums, men's luncheon of progressive and successful develop- meetings are suitable fields for the conment; and sideration of the resolution.

WHEREAS, Fifty-six of the sixty-four PASS THE NEWS ON! nations of the world have agreed by

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

History of the Proposal sent broadcast for other nations to con- sider the proposal. The press comment April 6, 1927: The French Minister around the world indicates a surprised of Foreign Affairs, M. Briand, an- sense of shock that a definite, official nounced in a speech that a treaty "out- proposal is actually before mankind de- lawing war" between France and the manding attention, that would "outlaw" United States, as a substitute for the war, that is, make it no longer a legal Root treaty about to expire, would be "instrument," and that would drive na- agreeable to France. tions to find other methods if trouble should arise. A minority in any country June 20, 1927: Public opinion having and a majority in some will surely find vigorously supported the idea in both the plan "preposterously idealistic." A countries he presented an official pro- vision of perpetual peace confronts the posal to the Department of State that world! Will nations be too timid, too France and the United States should distrustful, too ambitious to make it a "renounce war as an instrument of pol- reality? The people alone can answer. icy toward each other" and agree to settle by peaceful means any dispute A Few Quotations arising. "If this generation fails to devise December 28, 1927: Secretary Kellogg means for preventing war, it will desaw a shadow in the background of such serve the disaster which surely will ;)e a treaty: the United States might only visited upon it. Later generations wjJJ go to war with the enemies of France; not be likely to act if we fail."–Calvin therefore he returned a counter propos- Coolidge, President of the United State.•. al that France and the United States join in a proposal to all the principal "Everywhere and always France will powers of the world, viz.: France, Ger- remain in the front ranks of the nations many, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and to maintain peace."-Aristide Briand, the United States, "to renounce war be- French Minister of Foreign Affairs. tween themselves as an instrument of policy." "Who in Europe does not know that one more war in the West and the civili- January 5, 1928: At this point M. zation of the ages will fall with as great Briand saw a possible difficulty. Fifty- a shock as that of Rome?"-Stanley six nations, members of the League of Baldwin, British Prime Minister, 1926. Nations, have agreed to settle their differences by arbitration and are bound The National Committee to unite in punishing any recalcitrant member that violates its pledge and goes The National Committee on the to war. This has never happened; but Cause and Cure of War is composed it might, and France saw a possible of: conflict in her treaty promises. M. Briand therefore made a counter pro- American Association of University posal: that the six Great Powers should Women. not agree to renounce all war, but only war of aggression. Council of Women for Home Missions. Federation of Women's Boards of For- February 28, 1928: By this date the eign Missions of North America. entire world was watching the conver- General Federation of Women's Clubs. sations with astonished interest, as each National Board of the Young Women's great nation drove the other into broad- Christian Associations. er pronouncements. Secretary Kellogg National Council of Jewish Women. asked why it could be possible to re- National League of Women Voters. nounce war between France and the National Woman's Christian Temper- United States if it were not possible to ance Union. do so among a large number. National Women's Trade Un ion League. March 30, 1928: To this query M. Briand replied with a more specific ex- The national office is 1010 Grand planation: that if a war should break Central Terminal Building, New York out between Czecho-Slovakia and Ger- City. Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt is many, or Jugo-Slavia and Italy the Chairman; Miss Elizabeth Morris is Great Powers, except the United States Executive Secretary. which is not a member of the League, would be expected to unite in bringing (Adapted from announcement by the Na~ punishment upon the belligerent mem- tional Committee on the Cause and Cure of ber that had violated her pledge; but War. For informative material regarding the he added, let the treaty not be confined treaty negotiations apply to the World Peace to the six Great Powers, let it include Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, all the chief nations of the world. 1.fa~s" for its pamphlet-30 cents-of' t() thf' National League of Women Voters, 1010 Grand April 20, 1928: The' discussions rest Central Terminal Bldg" New York City for at this point and invitations have been a briefer digest entitled "The Multilateral Treaty"-5 cents.)

ORLD..WlDE

EUROPE G. H. Morrison said that he had al- ways held that the most important "American-European Fellowship" event in the religious life of Scotland in the last seventy years was the visit T HREE organizations which have of Mr. Moody. He spoke of its im- been at work in Europe, chiefly mediate fruits in the conversion of among Russians and Jews, namely, the multitudes, many of them in the prime Christian Testimony to Jews, the of life and youth, and quoted the late Russian Evangelization Society, and Dr. Alexander Whyte of Edinburgh as the American-European Fellowship, having said to him, "In those days have now merged under the title, "The every second man one met in Princes American-European Fellowship for Street was carrying a Bible in his Christian Oneness and Evangeliza- hand." But, said Dr. Morrison, when tion." A number of missionaries and he remembered the work of the Glasnative workers are laboring in Central gow Association and all that had origand Eastern Europe under the au- inated in the inspiring influence of spices of this society, among them be- Mr. Moody, he felt how still more ing Rev. Paul Mishkoff and helpers wonderfully the fruits had remained. in the earthquake zone of Bulgaria; Rev. and Mrs. R. W. Hill and native Patriotic Bulgarian Girls helpers in Roumania; Rev. Charles Lukesh and Miss Edna Kauffman in T HE students in a Methodist mis- Czechoslovakia; Rev. John Koval- sion school for girls in Bulgaria chuck, Fred Stettler and others, in have sent an ardent appeal for Amer- Poland. Rev. A. Dobrinin in Finland ican sympathy, from which the followis editing a magazine which is being ing is quoted: "It is neither fair nor circulated among Russians in twelve right to label Bulgarians as war countries. A number of Bible schools lovers. No one will ever know the in Europe are assisted by this society, unspeakable suffering that Bulgaria which is also stimUlating the distribu- bore through five hundred long years tion of Bibles and evangelical liter- under the Turks. The heart of Amerature. Its headquarters are at 156 ica went out to Armenia but the Bul- Fifth Ave., New York City, under the garian people bore similar treatment care of Rev. Norman J. Smith, with through five centuries. If we have Col. E. N. Sanctuary as sec'y-treas., had wars they were in the name of and Rev. W. S. Hottel, general director freedom from oppressors who forbade and editor of the missionary organ, us to speak our own language or to recently enlarged, The European worship our God. It was only fifty Harvest Field. years ago that Bulgaria became free of the Turkish yoke and in that time Moody'. Memory in Glasgow AT THE annual meeting of the Glas- we feel that we have made wonderful gow United Evangelistic ASljoci- progress. We have had to build from ation, special tribute was paid to nothing and our schools, churches, Dwight L. Moody, whose evangelistic theatres, universities and cities show campaign in Glasgow in 1874 led to what we have done. We do not wish the formation of the Association. Dr. Americans to praise us or condemn us, 670 but we pray that they may understand ;;hree nationalities on the board of how we are struggling to make a directors. Suspicion and prejudice better Bulgaria." had to be fought, with every meeting conducted in three languages. There "Church Concord" in Hungary was in the beginning a constant spirit of criticism and misunderstanding, I r IS reported from Lutheran sources but now after six years some progress that the 200,000 Protestants in has been made. Not only are the Budapest desire to erect a monument women working together, after generto Luther and another to Calvin, the ations of racial hatreds, but they are first to be located in Deak Place in developing a real feeling of affection front of a Lutheran church, and the for each other. other in Calvin Place before a Reformed church. This simple desire of Religious Chaos in Russia Protestants to honor their historic leaders is not to be granted without a T HE chaotic conditions which prefight. An official Roman Catholic body vail in Russian religious life today has protested on the ground that the are reflected in the contradictory charerection of the monuments would be acter of two reports recently received instrumental in disturbing the present from that country. One, given in the state of church concord. According magazine published by the Moody Bible to Neues Leben, published in Czecho- Institute, states: "The All-Russian slovakia, more than thirty per cent of Evangelical Christian Union, of which the population is Protestant, but the Rev. 1. S. Prokhanoff is president, "church concord would long since have has obtained from the Russian Soviet ceased to exist were the Protestants Government the first permit to print but thirty per cent as intolerant as Bibles in the language of the people. the leaders of Catholicism and the Foreign missionaries and foreignhigh clergy." The Catholic Church in printed Bibles are not admitted to the Hungary is very wealthy, possessing country….. The Soviet Government, a vast amount of property, far in ex- which officially recognizes no religion cess of the property of Protestant and no God, has given to the All-Ruschurches. The Catholics explain this sian Evangelical Christian Union a condition by declaring that it is of very fine piece of land in the heart of divine origin. Leningrad, on which to erect a Bible training institution, provided a large Interracial Y. W. C. A. in La.tvia building is erected in a specified time. The Christian Union has already esr ATVIA after the World War pre- tablished a training school for teach- ers, missionaries and preachers, with L sented a complex problem to the a capacity for seventy-five students, but there is a waiting list of more Young Women's Christian Associa- than six hundred." tion. Crossed repeatedly by contending armies during the war, alternately The second, quoting the periodical the posesssion of Russia and Ger- Antireligiosnik, gives the following as many, desperately poor, with so many the aims of the Soyua Bezbozhnikow men killed that the women have had to (Association of the Godless) : serve both as bread-earners and breadmakers, there remained, in addition to (a) The S. B. is to become a massthis depressing material condition, an organization. (b) Thousands of godless interracial hatred that was over- hamlets and villages are to be created. powering. It became increasingly (c) The method of anti-religious propaclear to the Association that, if it was ganda is to be carefully worked out. going to fulfill its great purpose, it (d) A serious anti-religious literature is must serve the Russians and Germans to be called into being and with it a as well as the Latvian people. The group of anti-religious specialists. first step was to put women of the (e) International relations are to be cultivated and confirmed.

AFRICA Christian speakers, the Bible study classes, and, no less, the social, athletic Mission Schools Like Minarets and educational activities pack the As- sociation with eager Egyptians." Mr. K AMIL EFFENDI MANSOUR, an Smith calls the Cairo building "a Egyptian writing on the subject demonstration center from which the of education in his native land, is Association will spread into every quoted in The Congregationalist as large city and provincial capital of saying: Egypt." Two Egyptian secretaries are now being trained in the Unite:! "When the Christian missionaries States and five more in Cairo. The first entered our country the true light work at Alexandria will be resumed of education started to shine upon us. this fall. But we refused in the beginning to go to any Christian school for fear of Abyssinian Boy Preachers having our religious beliefs changed. So for some time only Christian Egyp- THE most encouraging part of the tians profited from the teaching, with work of the United Presbyterian the result that they were able to hold Church in Gorei, Abyssinia, according almost all the government offices until to one correspondent, is "the way the the Moslems began to have more con- boys, large and small, are carrying the fidence in these mission schools, and Gospel to their own people. Every Frisent their boys and girls to them in day afternoon Miss Bayne has her class large numbers. Now they often prefer of juniors out on one of the roads leadthese Christian schools even to gov- ing into Gorei, where a meeting is ernment schools, for they have found held at any house that will welcome out that these schools care more fo r them. Usually the master of the house moral and spiritual instruction, es- is asked to call in his friends, and then pecially the schools for girls. Thus, the boys, ranging from nine to twelve until popular education was introdu~ed years of age, hold their services led by by the Government, these mission Miss Bayne. Immediately after mornschools were like Christian minarets ing service the older boys start out to our country." for an afternoon of preaching. Since the :first of the year the number of Y. M. C. A. Success in Egypt people reached each week has not dropped below three hundred. This I N THE lands where Jesus as a boy past month 1,491 were reached with and man lived and worked-Pales- the Gospel by the Sabbath teams and tine and Egypt-the Y. M. C. A. today this past Sabbath 449 were in the is meeting a great need. "In Egypt, meetings. About twenty boys go out especially," says a recent report, "is in groups of two, three or four. They stalwart manhood being built by the circle the hill, stopping in villages Association in a nation which is where people are willing to listen. weighed down by the blight of illiter- Special centers have developed where acy on ninety-two per cent of its people gather each week." people and by a great gulf in thought between the intelligentsia and the Ba.ptisms in Southern Sudan masses. Under the guidance of Wilbert B. Smith, an American, the Cairo AT MERIDI, one of the stations of Central Y. M. C. A. was launched in .tl.the Church Missionary Society in 1923 in the former palace of His Ex- the Southern Sudan, great rejoicing cellency Nubar Pasha, former prime took place recently, when a large minister of Egypt. In a city which is crowd assembled on the river banks the intellectual center of the Moslem for the first baptismal service, and world, as the seat of Al Azhar Uni- five young men and one woman were versity, the Y. M. C. A.'s free dis- admitted to the church. Before being cussions of religious problems, the actually baptized the converts turned opportunities it offers to hear noted

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to their respective relatives and stated first courses for higher education in- that they were separating themselves troduced in Inanda have been well from all heathen customs, and that at supported. Of the two hundred girls their death they did ~ot wish "medi- enrolled, one quarter take industrial cine" to be put on their graves, or training, twenty-five hours a week; that their bodies should be taken away one quarter are in what would corre· from the Christians. "It is a joy," spond roughly with academic high reports a missionary, "to see such bold school courses; and a half are taking witnessing for Christ." Another the national normal high school train- hopeful sign in this district is the ing. The enrollment has doubled opening in the near future of three since Miss Margaret Walbridge, the new out-schools in villages near, these present principal, took charge. Her to be in charge of three keen Christian specialties are the training of indus- boys. trial teachers, and home economics adapted to the needs of African life.

Native Rites an Obstaele Since she has been at Inanda, the staff THE story of a young African chief, of the industrial department has in- who gave up his chieftainship creased from one native teacher to rather than abandon any of his Chris- five. When Dr. Mabel Carney of tian principles, is told by Dr. Arthur Teachers' College, New York City, L. Piper, Methodist medical mission- visited the Seminary about a year ago, ary in the Belgian Congo, who con- she spoke of it as one of the outstandtinues ; "We have had a tense problem ing educational forces in Africa, esto face in the question of Kwikala, one pecially in its influence on the womanof the rites this Christian chief re- hood of the whole section.

fused to follow, which has been facing South African Conference the native church, the missionaries, and the government officials for two WITH its general subject "The years. It consists in snapping the Reintegration of Native Life on a fingers in a certain way before a chief Christian Basis," the Triennial Genwhen you come near him, or especially eral Missionary Conference of South when you are required to serve him Africa was held at the adjoining infood, or otherwise wait upon him. It stitutions of Lovedale and Fort Hare, shows respect to the chief, but it also Victoria East, Cape ~rovince, from means acknowledging the chief as June 26th to 29th. The opening of the your supreme being. The native discussions was largely in the hands Christians have refused to follow this of speakers who attended the conferlong·established custom, and many ence on Africa held last summer at have been severely punished by their Le Zoute, Belgium, and the closing chiefs for their neglect. Our Chris- debates were led by speakers newly tians insist on the right of religious returned from the International Misliberty, whereas the chiefs insist upon sionary Conference at Jerusalem. The the kwikala. The Government and announcement· of the conference the missionaries, have so far been un- stated; "It is generally recognized able really to settle the problem." that the old social and religious life of the native peoples in South Africa Training Zulu HOD1e Makers is in the process of unbounded dis- integration. The situation is of such THE government director of educa- gravity as calls for, in the words of tion for South Africa has decided Rev. J. H. Oldham, 'an outburst of new to make Inanda Seminary, established forces comparable to the breaking in Zululand by American Board mis- forth of fresh life in the Church, more sionaries sixty years ago, the center for than a century ago, which led to the the first of the experimental stations birth of the missionary societies which in industrial teacher training. The we represent.' "

5

THE NEAR EAST phasized by the concession that the Robert Wilder's New Field imprisonment might take place in the I T HAS been announced in the RE- mission school at Brousa, the three VIEW that Robert P. Wilder who ladies being confined merely to the is best known in the United States grounds of the school." The case has and Great Britain through his rela- been appealed to a higher court, tions with the Student Volunteer where, the state having been complete- Movement, had accepted the position ly secularized in Turkey by constituof Executive Secretary, with head- tional provision since the alleged ofquarters in Cairo, of a new organi- fense at the Brousa school took place, zation' The Christian Council for most people feel that an entirely new Western Asia and Northern Africa. construction may be put upon the Further information about his work whole matter.

will be of interest to Mr. Wilder's Religious Freedom in Palestine many friends: The field of the Council includes the following countries: ONE of the most significant results Morocco, and Mauretania, Algeria, of the British mandate in Pales- Tunisia, Tripolitania, Egypt, the Su- tine is the fact that the British Govdan, Abyssinia, Palestine, Syria, Tur- ernment has passed a law which allows key, Cyprus, Greece, A I ban i a, a Moslem to become a Christian if Yugo-Slavia, Roumania, B u I gar i a, he so desires. During the past six Trans-Caucasia, Iraq, Persia, and years eight or nine Mohammedans Arabia. These lands represent a total have been baptized in Jerusalem, but population of about 135,000,000, of the work among them and the Jews whom approximately 70,000,000 are continue to be difficult. There is as Moslems, nearly all of whom speak yet not much evidence of the beginthe Arabic language. Within this nings of a religious awakening within area is Mecca, the religious center of the Greek Orthodox Church in Pales- Islam, and Cairo, which is the intel- tine. The higher clergy are mostly lectual center of Islam. There are from Greece. The most significant working in this field over one hundred movement is taking place just now Protestant missionary societies, with in a Galilee village where forty Monearly 1,600 missionaries connected hammedan families-about 110 indiwith them. . viduals-are enrolled as enquirers for Christian baptism. Even though con- Verdict of Brous& Conrt siderable land has been offered to them by leading Moslems if they do not T HE trial of the Misses Sanderson, leave Islam, they still persist in main- Day and Jilson, three American taining their purpose to become Chris- Congregational teachers in Turkey, tians. for alleged violations of the law against classroom instruction in re- Persian Schools ReopeJl ligious matters was not only referred T HE new Persian law which, by to in the March REVIEW, but has been forbidding the teaching of the Biwidely reported in the daily papers. ble and requiring the teaching of the The verdict of the lower court, about Moslem law in all schools made the May 1st, was "Guilty" and the pen- carrying on of missionary schools alty was imprisonment for three days practically impossible, was reported in and a fine of three lira each (about the April REVIEW. The Church Mis- $13.00) . sionary Society, which is at work in "There is every evidence," says The southern Persia on terms of close fel- Potters Wheel, "that the judge felt lowship with the American Presby- compelled to take some action on ac- terians in the north, reported later in count of the sentiment aroused. But the spring: "The Minister of Educa- the lightness of the sentence is em- tion responsible for that law has re-

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signed and his successor and those "Near Slavery" in India associated with him are not enforcing it, but instead have stated that from T HIS is the term often applied to June first all schools must give secular the condition of the depressed instruction only, thus excluding the classes in India, of whom The Indian Bible, Koran, and Shari'yat alike. If 'Witness says: "There is, as yet, no it is possible for the Bible to be taught province in India, so far as we are out of school hours, as in Japan, and aware, where their elementary rights for Christian hostels to be carried on, are fully protected. Even where the a strong, clear witness can stilI be intention of the law is to protect these given in the country." Confirmation of classe's from injustice, the processes this more liberal attitude was received of the law are expensive and the preda- by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign tory classes are able to defeat it." Missions when it was informed re- In its annual meetings in 1927 and cently by the Division of Near East- 1928 the United Provinces Christian ern Affairs of the Department of State Council expressed itself as gravely in Washington that mission schools concerned over the relations between in Hamadan and Daulatabad, Persia, the depressed classes and "those who which were closed by order of the have social and economic power over Persian Government, have been reop- them," and asked the National Chris- ened. tian Council to arrange for an inquiry into "the forms of oppression or of INDIA AND SIAM social and economic subservience" un- der which these large sections of the School for Afghan Girls Indian people suffer.

T HE recent visit to Europe of the The wrongs specified as needing in- Amir of Afghanistan and his wife vestigation are forced, underpaid labor, provided a great deal of "copy" for enforced gifts, hindrances to agricultural newspaper reporters, and also gave improvements, bribery, deprival of ten- new zest to the prayers of those who ancy rights, the impossibility of securing for many years have realized that Af- land, serfdom imposed by debts, depriva- ghanistan is still unoccupied by any tion of hereditary rights, denial of water missionary of the Cross. An inter- rights, hindrances to attendance at view reported to have been given by schools and restriction of freedom of the queen while in Brussels to a repre- conscience and religion. sentative of the Chicago Tribune, is thus quoted: "'I am the first woman Wonten's Conference in Lahore in Afghanistan to work for the eman- cipation of the women of my country AN EDUCATIONAL conference held and for women's education,' her maj- ftin the Y. W. C. A. building in esty said. 'I collaborate from afar in Lahore, the capital of the Punjab, is the great work of women's progress thus described by Mrs. John B. Weir: in the world.' The queen explained "It was attended by Indian women, that she had founded the first girls' some of more education and some of school in Afghanistan and told of the less; English women interested in ed- fierce resistance the idea met from old- ucational advancement, and American fashioned Mohammedans. A revolt women, most of them missionaries, ac- broke out, but it was firmly suppressed tually engaged in some form of wom- by the king. A memorial stone at en's work. The chairman was an Kabul commemorates the battle fought English lady. The opening address for women's educational freedom. 'At was given by the Rani of Mandi, that present,' she continued, 'eight hun- is, a princess of a native state. The dred girls are enrolled in this school address was thoughtful and full of and are reared like European girls. the ideas of a new day for women. My mother directs the school and I Resolutions had previously bee n , help her as far as I can.' " brought forward by various people, and the discussion waxed strong on some of them, such as on the question

of the proper marriageable age for to me one day. 'Oh, we are out to girls. I thought back to nine years convert you to Christianity,' said I. ago, when I first came to India. At 'Well you are sure to succeed if you that time such a conference would keep up your zeal and enthusiasm for have been practically impossible." a little longer time,' replied the man. The week was ended by a procession South Indian Mass Movement of the Christians through the main streets of the city. Banners with MUCH has been written of the mass striking verses were made for the oc- movement to Christianity among casion. The non-Christians requested the outcaste people in the territory in us to stop in front of their shops and North India where the American sing Christian bhajans to them." Methodist Episcopal Church is at work. Less is known in the United Unite to Win Bena.res Pilgrims States of a similar movement in South India, concerning which a representa- REPORTS have come from India of tive of the Church Missionary Society an united effort among English writes: "In our area alone 30,000 missionaries to reach Benares pilgrims converts have been won between 1921 with the Gospel. Representatives of and 1927, and 43,000 since 1916. It the Church and the London Missionary took seventy-five years to win the first Societies have joined with a commitfifty thousand, but little more than tee of the Wesleyan Ministers' Misfive years to win the next fifty thou- sionary Union in the determination sand. About half the outcastes in that something effective shall be atthis area have thus been won in the tempted to influence the crowds of last eighty years. The remaining half pilgrims who come to Benares in the probably can be won in the next five search for merit in the temples or years. Under the able leadership of salvation from their sins in "Mother Bishop Azariah the work has been Ganges" water. The first missionary thoroughly organized and Indianized. to lead this new united campaign will Indians are filling posts of a kind be the Rev. J. C. Jackson of the L. M. once reserved for Europeans. A di- S., a man said to be powerful in the vinity school has been opened during vernacular and versed in Hindu ways the last five years. There are nearly and thought. Around him it is hoped 1,000 day schools at work with a total to gather Indian Christian workers of over 21,000 scholars, and in addi- from the various language areas of tion to these 150 night schools have India so that the polyglot crowd of been opened." pilgrims who flock to Benares may hear there "in their own tongue" the A Stirring Week in Ludhia.na. story of a Real Saviour. Benares city has a population of over two hun- THE Punjab Christian Council ap- dred thousand people, not counting pointed a week in the spring for the hundreds of thousands of pilgrims a special evangelistic campaign, pre- who merely pass through. ceded by a week of preparation. The effort made in Ludhiana is thus des- Child Mothers in India. To-da.y cribed by Rev. B. C. Ishwardas in The Indian Standard: "The entire T HERE are already in India, acchurch community was divided into cording to census figures, about fifteen preaching bands. Special care twelve million Indian wives who are was taken that every important lo- under fifteen years of age, about 300,- cality in the city was visited by some 000 being under the age of five. With group or other. Very soon there was so many as twelve million little girls commotion and excitement in the city. in India in the position of becoming 'What has gone wrong with you Chris- mothers, many of whom are mothers, tians?' said a leading Arya Samajist no wonder the Indian race has such

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an uphill battle in life. This is not nese Christian Church looks upon the taking into account the 396,556 Indian anti-Christian movement as a healthwidows who are under fifteen years giving and corrective influence to be old, over fifteen thousand of these be- used for the perfection of her life. ing under five years of age. And She regards, therefore, some of the yet in face of appalling facts like anti-Christian leaders not as her enethese, the All-India Legislative As- mies but as her friends." sembly at Delhi, on March 24th, refused to raise "the age of consent" Loyalty of Chinese Wom.en from twelve years, the low figure at which it has stood for a generation, WRITING two weeks after her rethe age being raised from ten in 1891 turn to Hwai Yuen, Anhwei after a tremendous storm. "This re- Province, Miss H. R. McCurdy said: fusal of the Assembly, supposed to "Such a beautiful welcome was waitrepresent the opinion of the whole of ing for us from Christians and out- India, will unquestionably do India siders alike. The children on the irreparable harm," says the Dnyano- street came running to hold our hands. daya, "in the eyes of the modern world. All of the first few days and much Here is India, or at least its intelli- of the time Bince has been Bpent in gent section, shouting itself hoarse receiving visits and in feasts of welover its rights and privileges in the come. The women came and poured democratic civilization of this twen- out their hearts in telling the history tieth century, and a vote of 54 to 36 of the year's terrors and dangers. But ensuring a continuance of girl-moth- the one dominant note was of praise erhood is received with applause from to God for His goodness in bringing the 'orthodox' portion of the Assem- them safely through …… After seebly." While the bill was pending, the ing the unspeakable filth of the empty Women's Indian Association addressed shells of foreign houses which were to the Assembly a stirring petition, occupied and looted by soldiers, I am urging the abolition of child mother- still more thankful for the courage hood, not only in order to give India and loyalty of Miss Liu and Mrs. Ling her place among civilized nations, but which enabled us to live again in our also the custom was not sanctioned perfectly preserved home. When I by the Vedas. tried to thank them they answered, 'But this is God's grace alone. We CHINA AND TIBET could not have done it otherwise. Were not many people praying for us? Enemies Friends in Disguise Was not the church in America pray- ing for us?' " DR. CHENG CHING YI, moderator of the new united Church of Ohinese Church Autonomy Christ in China, is quoted in The Congregationalist as follows: "In gen- REPORTS from the missions of vaeral, the attitude of the Chinese rious denominations in China in- Church at large is somewhat as fol- dicate the increased control which is lows: Toward those who oppose her being taken over by the Chinese Chriswith unreasoning blindness and sheer tians. At the General Synod meeting prejudice, she maintains a silent and of the Protestant Episcopal Church patient forbearance; to those who at- in Shanghai there were twelve bishtack her because of misunderstanding, ops, two of them Chinese, and sixtyshe seeks to explain her position and six clerical and lay del ega t e s, remove the misunderstanding; such fifty-five Chinese. Eight delegates charges against organized Christian- were women, five Chinese and three ity as are well-founded and true, she foreign. The House of Deputies had frankly admits and sets about to re- a Chinese chairman and secretary, for move by effecting the necessary change the first time, and it is said that this and improvement. In short, the Chi-

demonstration of Chinese leadership in perfect peace and quietness, and in the excellent handling of business has given us to see the largest fruitwas one of the achievements of the age of all our years of labor among synod. Following the announcement the aborigines in southwest China." He describes the first baptisms among of independence by the Chinese Bap- this tribe in the district. For several months previously, two evangelists, tists in South China came the action Isaac and Paul, assisted by another part-time helper named John, who is in West China by which the control an expert Lahu speaker, had been ex- amining the candidates for baptism of the American Baptist Mission there and enrolling their names. Every per- son was given a separate examination was taken over by the Chinese on May as to his faith in Christ, and also 1st. Rev. Joseph Taylor, D.D., of inquiry was made as to his conduct Chengtu reports: during the year and a half he had been a Christian. Each person was given In each central station an executive a ticket after his or her baptism had been decided upon. In all 347 people committee was formed to take over the were baptized and a church was or- ganized. work and the funds. In stations where Distributing Chinese Testameab missionaries remained at least one was GEORGE T. B. DAVIS, who has included in this executive body. These been conducting the "Million Tes- taments for China Campaign," reports committees have undertaken their work that, in spite of civil war, lack of transportation facilities, anti-Chrisin a spirit of loyalty and with a keen tian propaganda, and the absence of sense of responsibility. ' many missionaries, the work of cir- culating the Testaments has gone Developing La,. Leadership steadily forward. Thus far over 600,- 000 have been sent to missionaries, REV. RICHARD E. JENNESS, pastors, and other workers for wise Presbyterian missionary, has and careful distribution. Hermann been staying in Paoting, North China, Becker, of Hunan Province, previously during his enforced absence from his requested 8,000 Testaments for his own station, Shunteh. During the large district with 1,500,000 populawinter he and' a fellow-missionary vis- tion. Now he desires 25,000 copies. ited their former country field, of He writes: which he reports: "The country Christians welcomed us cordially ev- The first 1,000 Testaments have been erywhere. As a new departure the given away in this city. The blessing country evangelists have been organ- received far exceeds our expectations. ized into an evangelistic band under The Christians are more than ever readthe leadership of Pastor Liu. This ing their Bibles. Our meetings are full band goes about from town to town of those who are wanting to learn more and from village to village, spending about Christ. Many have decided for a week or two in each place holding Christ, and have given their names as evangelistic services. In the centers inquirers. When we have received more where they used to be permanently Testaments, we shall start at our eleven located, the local Christians have as- out-stations. sumed responsibility for the Sunday and mid-week services, taking turn When the soldiers had to retreat, they about in leading. Thus we are trying forced the people to carry their goods. to develop lay leaders and preachers. One of the Christians were taken. He The people are responding well to this said: "I am a Christian." The soldiers plan." A class was ,held for a month said: "How can you prove it?" He took early in the year for the training of his small Testament out of his pocket those preachers. and the soldiers let him go.

BaptisDls ADlong the Lahu T HE China Inland Mission in Yun- nan Province have been carrying on work among the Lahu people, of which Rev. Carl G. Gowman writes: "God in His goodness and grace has allowed the work here to go forward

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Lutheran Church in China patrons. 'Christians give fair meas- AT PRESENT a chain of eighteen ure when you buy of them,' the barber clinched his argument. And the misi'l.Lutheran missions extends from sionary, who had thought that he alone Kwangtung in the south, through the would have a good word to say for central provinces of Hunan, Hupeh and his faith found instead that everyone Honan to Shangtung in the north- excepting the man who started the east, where the former North Berlin, discussion had a hearty respect for now the United Lutheran Church Mis- Christianity as he had seen it pracsion is located. Manchuria is the field ticed in Japan." of the Danish Mission Society. Of these eighteen missions, four are German, two Swedish, three Norwegian, Value of a. One-Sen Book A one Finnish, one Danish, and seven LETTER received recently by Rev. D. Norman, missionary of the American. (In this enumeration, the missions from Germany, Sweden and United Church of Canada in Nagano, Norway that are affiliated with the Japan, told the following story: "One China Inland Mission are not in-· day I saw you and others preaching cluded.) After many years of prepar- on the main street of the city. Though atory work, in 1920 a confederation I hate Christianity, my heart was filled of five mission synods was effected. with wonder at your zeal. You asked Thus was organized "The Lutheran the people to buy gospels at one sen Church of China." Other mission syn- a copy. I bought a copy of Matthew.

ods joined later or have indicated their Next evening I bought Mark and Luke.

desire so to do. An organization has I said to myself: 'Surely there must thus been established which gives the be something in it, he stands there Chinese Lutheran Church an oppor- night after night with smiling face tunity to function, both in regard to and offers us the books and his reli- self-government and self-support. The gion. It cannot be for the sake of a total number of baptized adherents few sen. He comes from a far-off is about 52,000. land.' These three ideas remained in my mind as I read the books-a for- JAPAN-KOREA eigner with a smiling face, a scholar In a Japanese Barber Shop from a far-off land, and a book for ACONVERSATION among the cus- one sen. It was the turning point in tomers waiting their turn in a my life. I entered the better and barber shop in a Japanese city, is thus happier Christian way."

reported by a missionary who was one of them: "Someone began a tirade Japanese WO:mCll in Politics O against Christianity. No true Japa- NE point of view of the "new wom- en" in Japan is shown in these nese could follow a foreign religion like that; no one who respected the statements quoted from Japanese Emperor could adopt a religion which newspapers: Madame Yoshioka says: put another allegiance ahead of every "Men fail in governing the country patriot's duty to the ruler of Japan. because they are impractical. Women, Besides, everyone knew that this re- on the other hand, have a practical ligion was only a cloak for Western outlook on life and try to solve its imperialism. A protesting Japanese problems accordingly. As long as the voice interrupted and asked him where affairs of our country are administered he got his information. A second by men, real prosperity can never be joined in with what he knew to the realized. We women hope to do our credit of Christians. The barber added share when the time comes to lead his tale of the Buddhist merchant who our country to the right road that added the weight of his thumb to the leads to happiness." Madame Hideko goods he was weighing out for his Inouye, president of the Japan Wom-

en's University, Tokyo, who is also good looks, with one stiff hand but head of its alumnlE association with no other deformity, appeared at the two thousand members, agrees with missionary's door to say that he was Madame Wakako Yamada that all po- that man on his way back home, and litical actions should have for their that he stopped en route to express direct object the properity and hap- his gratitude. He drew down his piness of the entire nation. Accord- stockings to show where the numer- ingly, immediate problems of life, ous ulcers had been, now only scars.

such as the price of commodities and No ordinary observer would suspect excise taxes, must be settled in such that he had ever been a leper. He a way that the prosperity of the peo- said: "Not only for the healing of ple is guaranteed. my body am I thankful, but I found the Saviour at the asylum, am cleansed Bibles for Oriental Travelers from sin as well, and am returning AT THE request of Samuel R. Boggs, home to teach all the lepers I meet f t then president of the National how to be cured, and to tell my people Gideons Association, Rev. M. L. Swine- of the Gospel."-Record of Christian hart, Southern Methodist missionary Work.

in Kwangju, Korea, undertook to di- rect a campaign in Japan and China Korean Fasting Societies F looking to· the placing of Bibles in RESH proof of the devotion of Ko- rean Christians is found in the the guest rooms of hotels. As a result of this campaign 2,000 Bibles, about story of an American Methodist mis- half in English and the balance in sionary in Yengpyen, who tells how Japanese and Korean, have been placed some five years ago the Christians in the guest rooms of these hotels. there organized fasting bands all over These cost an average of $1.00 each. the district, and each Sunday noon Capt. Robert Dollar, president of the they fast and pray for the boys'

Dollar Steamship Line, is very much school. He continues: "To-day when interested in this work, and in addi- the time comes for the collection they tion to placing a Bible in each cabin bring forth the little bags represent- of his fleet of steamers, he provides ing the rice they would otherwise have free transportation for all Bibles sent eaten that noon. That rice goes into to the Orient, and recently urged that the box in the corner, and when the a campaign in the Orient, the Straits box is filled it is sold and the proceeds 'Settlement and the Near East be un- go to help pay the expenses of the dertaken, to which he agreed to make school . . . . . . Fasting societies are all a very substantial contribution. Mr. too common in Korea. In a land where Swinehart says that Capt. Dollar re- the average farm is less than three ports an average of twelve Bibles lost acres per family and where ninety per on each of the round-the-world trips cent of the people live by farming, of his steamers, but he would be glad money is not plentiful. And so when to replace everyone each trip, for, a new church is to be erected or an he says, "Anyone who steals a Bible old one repaired or when a new school wants it, and that is what I place them is needed, the local Christians are al- in the cabins of my ships for." most sure to adopt the plan of fasting one meal a week to help raise the A Leper Doubly Cleansed needed funds."

T WO years ago a horribly dirty leper came to a missionary's door at Korean "Church Rice Bags" R Chungju, Korea, asking alms. He re- EV. CHARLES A. SAUER, Meth- odist Episcopal missionary in ceived travel expenses and a letter of introduction-containing a promisory Yengpyen, Korea, writes of a report note—to the leper asylum at Kwangju. received from a Korean district sup- Recently a clean Korean of average erintendent: "He mentions one poor

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circuit as having made an increase other extreme and eliminating alto- in its annual contribution for min- gether the religious idea from the isterial support as well as benevol- curriculum. There should have been ences. I wonder how they can do it. provided a method of transition . . .

But he explains. At each home the The change to purely secular educa- mother places on the wall a bag tion was too sudden . . . As a result marked with her name. Each day as . . . the mistaken impression prevails she prepares the daily meals she takes that the American people are not re- from the bowl of rice normally allotted ligious-a nation indifferent to Chris- to each person one spoonful of un- tianity."

cooked rice which goes into that bag on the wall. On Sunday morning that Two Filipinos' Offering bag goes to church and finds its place T WO men, members of the church in the 'collection' box near the door. in the town of Bay, Laguna, in the It is the contribution of her family Philippines, recently visited a Presand herself for the support of the byterian missionary, who writes of church-taken from the food they them: "The church in their town has would otherwise have eaten. The rice become scattered and broken up, due is later sold and the bag returned to to the falling into sin of the president its place on Monday morning for its of the congregation. No services have daily portions throughout another been held for more than a year. But week. The church treasurer credits these two men have never forgotten each with the proceeds of its 'contri- their privileges and obligations. They bution.' " have read their Bibles in their homes ISLANDS OF THE SEA and they have had their family prayers. Every year they have Need of Filipino Students brought some little offering to the writer, to express their interest in I N EMPHASIZING the importance the work of Christ's Church. They in the Philippines of student hos- are poor men, day laborers, dependent tels and other centers under evan- on their scant wage for the support gelical auspices, Rev. J. L. Underwood of themselves and their families. But quotes the following from a speech by here they came, each with a package Dean Bocobo, of the Law School in wrapped up in newspaper. Oneman's Manila: "The Filipino is losing his offering amounted to $7.50 and that faith in God. In spite of the fanati- of the other to $9. That may not seem cism and superstition which enslaved much to friends at home. But most the Filipino conscience during the church members with regular services Spanish regime, it is undeniable that and the stimulus of constant preachhe believed in the eternal truth of ing and organized life, give less an- Christian principles, and he ordered nually than the smaller amount for his life accordingly . .. But just as the Church as a whole. I knew the the Filipino was blinded by the dark- sacrifice represented the times when ness of ecclesiastical dogma under they must have been sorely tempted Spanish rule, he is also spiritually to go to the place of the little saving blinded by the dazzling light of new for something for the family needs." ideas under the American regime. One of the main causes for present irreverence is the bungling and illadvised policy of proscribing God Honolulu Y. W. C. A. Service H from the public schools. When the ONOLULU has a Young Women's Christian Association that serves principle of freedom of worship was inaugurated and the American Gov- girls of twelve nationalities. A series ernment first laid down its educational of "at homes" at which girls of each policies here, the great blunder was nationality were in turn hostesses was made Of suddenly swinging to the a recent feature. Honolulu has be-

come so Americanized that its Y. W. Denominations Communicants Gains C. A. is a typical big-city Association corresponding to one in New York Roman Catholic … 16,735,691 174,889 or Chicago says Miss Lucie Ford, its Methodist Episcopal 4,592,004 46,138 General Secretary. Six thousand people use the building monthly. The Southern Baptist.. 3,765,001 57,478 new building is an imposing one with its pool, terraces, and loggias, set in National B a p ti s t a picturesque setting of palm and cocoanut trees opposite the Palace. (Col.) ……… 3,253,369 d57,600 Girl stowaways from the United Methodist Episcopal, States not infrequently come to find work in Honolulu on their way around South …•…… 2,567,962 29,651 the world. Miss Ford said recently: Presbyterian, U. S. "Two such girls were Stanford University graduates. They finally got A…………. . 1,885,727 17,672 work after long looking and borrow- Disciples of Christ ing money. Our own girls, however, 1,481,376 44,801 feel a little resentful toward girls of Northern Baptist .. 1,392,820 18,132 this type. It does not seem fair to Protestant Episcopal 1,190,938 beat one's Wqy and then expect help Congregationalists . 17,259 because of the spectacular method." 914,698 NORTH AMERICA T"Completing the Reformation" HIS is the slogan adopted for its Church Membership Gains official declaration by the General Committee of the Men's Church League ALTHOUGH it was reported earlier of the United States and Canada at its annual meeting on June 15, 1928. .tl. that 3,269 Presbyterian churches, This declaration reads: "The supreme need of twentieth century Christianity 3,474 Baptist churches, 1,841 Congre- is personal devotion to Christ, togational churches, and 4,651 Meth- gether with full participation by lay odist Episcopal churches failed to re- members of the Church in all of its port a single convert on profession of plans and work. The Reformation faith in 1927, the church census pre- made history through its insistence pared by Dr. H. K. Carroll and pub- upon every Christian's direct access lished in The Christian Herald shows by faith to God in Christ. The work that the churches of the United States begun by the Reformation can be comgained 573,723 members last year, pleted only by the recognition of permaking the total number of communi- sonal responsibility by each Christian cants 48,594,163. The 1927 gain is to carry out the commission and prolarger than that in 1926, when, ac- gram of Christ. The community, the cording to this census, the increase nation and the world wait for laymen was about 490,000. The returns for to be such Christians as reveal Christ ministers and churches in the various to others and thus enable Him to bedenominations, says Dr. Carroll, show come the Saviour of the world . . . noteworthy decreases. There is a net We declare ourselves unqualifiedly in loss of 1,387 in the number of min- favor of visitation evangelism. With isters, which now stands at 217,204, equal emphasis, we urge that the while the number of churches has de- largest possible number of church creased to 235,991- or 1,470 fewer members be organized into small disthan last year. "This," he says, trict groups to cultivate intensively a "would indicate that the process of limited area." consolidation is assuming larger proportions." Dr. Carroll's table of the Conference of New Missionaries ten largest bodies follows, the Colored Baptists showing a decrease: T HE spirit of oneness in Christ, which was so in evidence at the Jerusalem meeting of the Interna- tional Missionary Council, found fresh expression which holds great hope for the Church of the future in a conference of newly-appointed mis- sionaries, held on the campus of Princeton Theological Seminary from

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June 5th to 10th. This gathering offerings to the Presbyterian Hos- had been arranged for by the Boards pital, San Juan, Porto Rico. The of Foreign Missions of the· Presby- children in a neighborhood house that terian Church in the U. S. A., the reaches mainly Jewish boys and girls Methodist Episcopal Church and the are helping an Indian and a Chinese Reformed Church in America, and the boy through school."

American Baptist Foreign Mission- ary Society. Leading board secre- Problems of Indian Youth taries and returned missionaries of T HE problems of American-born these four denominations were pres- Japanese young people were reent as presiding officers and speakers, ferred to in the July REVIEW. Anand a daily vesper service was con- other American citizen in difficulty ducted by Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, because of his relationship with two D.D., President of Princeton Sem- civilizations is the Indian youth, who inary. Two hours of each day were stands between the old civilization of given to a course in phonetics as a his parents and the new civilization of general preparation for language the white man, and belongs to neither. study. The new missionaries present, In the school he has gone ahead learnforty-five of whom were Presby- ing new things about which his terians, eleven Baptists, ten Method- family does not even dream. He longs ists, and three Reformed, were under to go forward to accomplish his share appointment to Africa, China, India, in this marvelous new life that is Japan, Korea, Latin America includ- opening before him. And yet, he has ing Brazil, Chile and Mexico, Persia, been taught to reverence the tradi- Siam, and Syria. tions and the wisdom of his ancestors.

What is he to do? Education has Children'. Gift.. to Others brought to the Indian young people T HE following incidents, reported new ambitions and new opportunities, by the Presbyterian Board of Na- and every year graduates from the more advanced schools are going back tional Missions, show how the founda- to the Indian country as teachers, nurses, home builders. Others are gotions of interracial friendship, as well ing out into the white communities to as of Christian generosity, are being earn a livelihood at the same jobs laid in some of the schools conducted and on the same footing as their white by that board: "When their 'Jesus neighbors. They are building new re- Bank' was opened and the boys and sources within themselves, new indegirls of Haines House, Alaska, found pendence, new hope. Some mission ten dollars in it, they immediately stations are becoming interested in asked that this go to the little Chinese community programs for the young children in Ming Quong Home, Oak- Indians on the reservations. This land, Calif., of whom their house- means a new and wholesome social mother had told them after her visit life for returned students and young there. The Friendly Indian Club of married couples. the Chemawa Indian Government School, Salem, Oregon, by saving their dues of one cent a week, accumulated nearly two dollars which Nine Fa.cts About Mormonism T they agreed should go as a Christmas HE Utah Gospel Mission sum- marizes as follows the conditions gift to some Indian boy less fortunate than they. After due deliberation in one home mission field: they decided to send this to a Navajo (1) There are now over 600,000 Mor- boy at Ganado Mission. The Junior mons, of the two main kinds–about Christian Endeavor Society at Chacon, equally dangerous. (2) About 122,000 New Mexico, composed of boys ~nd square miles of territory are dominated girls of Spanish descent, send their by Utah Mormonism, besides many smaller centers elsewhere, into which

they spread. (3) Utah Mormonism has president of the Seminary of Rio over 2,000 emissaries out proselyting, Piedras, and Dr. J. W. Harris, presiorganized with officers in eleven districts dent of 'the Polytechnic Institute, are of this country and several across the members of the presbytery, but enwater. (4) These emissaries teach un- gaged in educational work entirely. true and often wicked doctrines, all contrary to the Bible and reason, and dan- The Trinidad Mission Jubilee gerous in their effects. (5) They get approximately 10,000 proselytes from SIXTY years ago the Canadian our present or past church members, Presbyterian Church began work yearly, doing each one perhaps irrepar- in the island of Trinidad, just north able damage. (6) Mormonism has of the coast of South America. Todoubled in twenty-nve years; largely day, there are twenty-three missionbeca,use we have not taken care of our aries, fifty-eight Indian Christian own people and others by informing workers and twelve organized churches them as we could easily have done. with 2,024 communicants. In the 106 (7) The only real cure is teaching the Sunday-schools there are 5,568 pupils Mormon people the true gospel and Bible and in the 78 day-schools there are beliefs in place of their system of errors; 18,768 pupils. They also conduct two and outside, warning everybody intelli- high schools, a teacher training colgently about Mormonism as a false re- lege and a theological seminary with ligion. (8) Mormons are trained twenty-nine students. The Gospel is against attending Christian church serv- preached in over 100 places every ices, and they cannot be evangelized by Sunday and there is a Protestant ordinary methods, as has been proven by Christian community numbering about sixty years of, such effort. (9) Hence 10,000. The total population numthe necessity of a traveling work like bers three hundred and eighty thouours, taking the message to the homes by sand and is composed of English, voice and print. French, Spanish, Portuguese, Creoles, Mulattos, Negroes, East Indians (130,- LATIN AMERICA 000) and Chinese. Over half the population are Hindus or Moham- Devolution in Porto Rico medans and practice these religions. The Jubilee of the mission was cele- WITH the retirement of Rev. brated in January. Dr. James Edi- Arthur James from active service cott, the Moderator of the United in Porto Rico in April, began what is Church of Canada, was present and called by Women and Missions "one recalled the history of the noble work of the most significant phases of done by the pioneers. The work of Protestant work on the Island." the Canadian Church is mostly among Henceforth entire responsibility for the East Indian population and in the promotion and administration of spite of very inadequate forces and the work of the Presbytery of Porto equipment has been remarkably suc- Rico will rest in the hands of native cessful. Porto Rican pastors. This may be looked upon as the consummation of Veteran Mexican Pastor a policy adopted when the work was begun thirty years ago. At that time REV. J. P. HANSON writes from the supervision as well as a larger the Methodist Episcopal Mission part of the pastoral work was carried in Mexico City: "Our old war-horse, by missionaries sent by the board Rev. Lorenzo Martines of the Matafrom the North, but as native min- moros circuit, now nearing the age of isters, trained under their supervision, seventy, who never fails to meet an showed ability to assume leadership, appointment on his wide field, though man after man was withdrawn and at times he trudges many a weary responsibility placed upon Porto Rican mile on foot, has taken upon himself pastors. Mr. James is the last of these, and is succeeded by Rev. Angel Archilla, pastor of the Central Church in Mayaguez. The thirty mission centers are now in charge of native pastors. Dr. James A. McAllister,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the pastorate of Don Roque and all;lo the mission. In one of them, Medelhas opened a night school there, in lin, where Rev. and Mrs. Thomas E. addition to all his other work. What Barber have been since 1910, the will this man be doing next? His church is now independent of the circuit is as large as three counties mission. Mr. Barber has worked hard in the state of Pennsylvania, yet he for this result. The pastor, a Porto takes this added burden simply be- Rican, and his wife have taken hold cause there are not enough workers to well. The attendance and offerings go around and he makes no complaint have kept on growing. Mr. Barber is about it. If we had a dozen Don often called on for advice, and to at- Lorenzos, how we could win a hundred tend their official meetings. The new towns for Jesus Christ." This Medellin church is a working church, is an illustration of the fact that the with societies for men and women, present force of Mexican pastors, boys and girls. All are working tosacrificing and devoted though they ward the establishment of an old peoare, is far too small to begin to cope ple's home, a hospital and dispensary with the need of Mexico for Christian and an orphanage. In all Colombia ministers in 1928. there is no Protestant hospital, no real dispensary and no orphanage. Land GuateD1a1an Preacher's Peril was purchased in January last for a long-desired Bible training school and MISSIONARIES in Guatemala re- theological seminary. port that almost everywhere the presentation of the Gospel is received The Open Door in Brazil with growing respect, or at least passive tolerance, but occasionally there SPEAKING at the annual meeting is a story like the following: "Ber- in London of the Evangelical nardino Ramirez tells of wonderful Union of South America, Harry meetings in which one man rose to Briault, representative of the Union confess how he had planned to kill in Campina Grande, North Brazil, Bernardino and had several times been said: "The doors of Brazil are open frustrated in his plan. Once, he was today to the Gospel, and we would just drawing his gun on him from that the Christian Church might ambush when a woman passed in be- awaken to its wonderful opportunity. tween and he dared not shoot. An- For we know not when the doors may other time he was about to draw when close again. It is a miracle that they Bernardino spied him and, wheeling, are still open. About three years ago greeted him warmly and began to talk there was a proposition before the to him of the Gospel, wholly ignorant Government of Brazil to reform the of the man's evil intentions. This so constitution of that country, and one disarmed the man that he could not clause in the proposed constitution continue with his plan that day. Up- would have united the Catholic Church on his conversion he confessed all to with the State. While that measure the astounded Bernardino, who praises was being debated in the Senate the God for His divine protection from Catholics became very bold. They unseen dangers and for transforming said to us as we walked along the enemies into friends and brothers." street, 'You wait until that law is passed. Then we will do away with Church Progress in ColoD1bia your believers. We will put an end to this Gospel business. We will pull T HE Presbyterian Church (U. S. down your churches.' But that meas- A.) is the only Protestant denomi- ure was defeated in what is nominally nation at work in Colombia, which is a Catholic country. To us it was a. the third largest republic in South miracle for which we praise God." America. There are four stations in

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The New Africa. Donald Fraser. Pp. sition of educational missions, from xiv, 207, map. $1. New York. 1928. the rude bush school, through the This volume, was prepared for the higher literary work done-though, British United Council for Missionary with rare exceptions, African Mis- Education last year, the American edi- sions do not go very far in their tion differing from it in certain addi- school work. Its adaptation to the tions relating to American contacts needs of the home, of Government, with Africa. and in training Negroes as teachers In his opening chapter Dr. Fraser completes this section. Distinctive tells us of the rapid changes in Afri- problems of contact with the popUlacan life, due largely to the youthful- tions involved, the gradual disintegraness of Africa; then he explains why tion which is in slow process, land Africa has not grown up; and next tenures, and labor difficulties are well follows an account of African peoples opened up for general readers. and their communal life and village social 0 r g ani z at ion, the chapter The volume closes with Dr. Fraser's concluding with a strong setting setting forth of "Christ the Key" to of the effect upon Africans of the in- Africa's problems of cooperation and dividualistic forces of Western con- equality. One of the closing paratacts. The faiths of Africa are then graphs reads: "For 'the depressed explained for us,-their underlying re- barbarian, for the aspiring African, ligious character, their animistic be- for the pushful white man, there is lief in immortality, spirit worship and but one law which makes for the magic. Islam is too briefly mentioned, blending of races and the forces that -Africa's impending religious prob- are in them, and that is the law of lem. Jesus Christ. To burst the prison gates of magic, to steady surging, The penetration of Africa by Gov- ambitious life, to lay the 'firm foundaernments, Commerce, and Colonization interprets the present situation tions and build the walls of a true to those interested in the help and remaking of the continent. Perhaps the civilization, there is but one compe- tent power, and that is the spirit of Jesus." H. P. BEACH.

most important section deals with that India in 1926-27. By J. Coatman. Illus., portion of the continent called White maps, pp. xvi, 377. New York: Brit- Man's Africa, and the special prob- ish Library of Information, 5 East lems arising from that particular con- 45th St. 1928. $1.

tact. The five remaining chapters are Every India missionary should have devoted to the history of the Church at hand for reference purposes at in Africa, its modes of more brotherly least two issues of the British Gov- contact and its salvatory efforts. How ernment dealing with India: the first Christianity affects the family, indus- volume of the "Census of India" pub- trial, agricultural and health life of lished in decennial years, (the latest the Negro also shows us in detail what 1921,) and this latest annual volume Mission work is accomplishing there. prepared for the English Parliament.

Chapter VI is given to a fuller expo- The census volume is as far re- 686

BOOKS WORTH READING

moved from our conception of census and the frankly revolutionary organreports-except of the Philippine Islands-as a novel is from a mass of ization of M. N. Roy. statistics. The volume prepared by Mr. Coatman in an encyclopredia of the Scores of other scarcely less im- Indian Empire, for 1926-27. portant themes are here presented, In that year the leading problem was the relation between Hindus and and are readily found because of the Moslems. The latter, numbering almost sixty-nine millions, are in con- full index. Half-tone illustrations, stant friction with their Hindu neighbors who are more than three times graphs, and maps add to the value of as numerous. The old antagonism has shown itself recently in riots and this reference volume. Though no excesses greater than have been known in years; but few missionaries reference is made to missionary work, have taken pains to get at the root difficulty between the two parties. the intimate relation of the enter- This volume gives much light upon that question in the address of Viceroy prise to social and philanthropic wel- Irwin, who regards this antagonism as "clearly the dominant issue in In- fare makes such a volume of great dian life." Animosity seems to be due to disputes about playing Indian value. H. P. BEACH. music in the neighborhood of Mohammedan mosques, and in connection Barak, The Diary of a Donkey-A True with other celebrations of the two Story of Missionary Life and Travel. communities. But in reality the root Fred H. Easton. 90 pp. London. difficulty lies in the 1919 Reforms, 1927. which gave India a government of democratic type, with the powerful A little book written by a C. I. M. central doctrine of government by missionary of the second generation majorities, precipitating a struggle which merits a long review. The scene for the powers and emoluments of of- is laid in Shensi and Kansu, the two fice. This the Moslem minority re- extreme Northwest provinces of China sents. proper. Barak is the inseparable com- panion of the missionary evangelist. Other important matters discussed This donkey does all of the talking and is much given to philosophizing on the are the beneficent irrigation projects experiences through which his master passes. He is delightfully reminiscent of the British Government; the acts at times, and does not hesitate to pass judgment on his master or the people of the newly established Central In- among whom his master labors. He is amused by the conversation of the dian Legislature; the discussion of people in the market places. When passing through the countryside over- "The State and the People," including run with disorderly soldiers, he waxes quite eloquent over his disgust with the serious wide unemployment, par- militarism …… "Though I am mere- ly a donkey and not supposed to have ticularly of the educated classes; med- any feelings or subtle emotions, yet ical relief of women, sponsored by some of the sights and scenes of that wives of successive Viceroys; the sup- summer and autumn heartily sickened pression of crime, and the difficulties me and always thoroughly upset my of the police in rural communities, master, sometimes making him quite which has led to tattooing a number ill." He attends a wedding in his ofon the ears of all cattle in one import- ficial capacity as a bearer of his masant district; and the important and ter and his description of the affair increasingly serious topic of com- is replete with humor. munism, traceable to Russia and <China through Indian communists Barak makes no profession of his Christian belief, nor does his master claim any innate goodness for this faithful but irascible animal. He is as capable of pulling down the door of a house in the thick of the night, or of stamping out the life of his load of

scripture portions and tracts, as he is prove a prophet, so why should He of being deeply moved by the prayers not use me to preach a sermon?"

of Chinese converts in a three hour One feels a bit sorrowful for Barak. meeting presided over by his master. Should he not have been laboured In spite of his perverse nature, how- with and forgiven by his master "sev_ ever, he is a good sort, and again and again he makes very telling mission- enty times seven"? One wishes that ary appeals. It is surprising how the master had not come to the time vivid and interesting a missionary's when he felt he no longer had any experiences and the description of his use for Barak; otherwise he might environment can become in the mouth have ended his days, if not within the of a Kansu donkey. One smiles as he Kingdom, at least not far outside. reads this donkey's account of his master and a fellow-missionary late at Judged as a whole, this little book night in a cow-shed poring over a map is one of the most entertaining and of the country-side which they are revealing books on the experiences of planning to win for Christ with the a pioneer missionary evangelist, I host's cow and Barak for companions. have ever seen. There is not a page of dry reading. Mr. Easton has hit Occasionally the donkey reflects his upon a unique and very interesting master's prejudices in his allusion to way to convey the story and challenge the pre8enc~ of Roman Catholic con- of West China to our young people in verts in South Shensi and his refer- the West. We heartily congratulate ence to them as constituting "the him on a very fresh and vivid por- trayal of the "greatest vocation in greatest possible hindrance to the life." simple preaching of the gospel." A M. T. STAUFFER.

group of Chinese preachers holding NEW BOOKS their annual meeting are fit objects for comment and psycho-analysis to Adventures in Friendliness. Programs for the Primary Department, prepared Barak. While he is deeply moved by for use in the Vacation Church School. their earnest prayers, one may expect M. F. Brown. Edited by John T. his sense of humor to break through, Faris. 209 pp. $1.75. Presbyterian notwithstanding. "I had a quiet laugh Board of Christian Education. Philup my sleeve, that evening," he says. adelphia. 1928.

Once again he writes, "I am only a The Appeal of a Bible-less World. Annual report of the National Bible Society donkey, I know, but my heart was of Scotland, 1927. Edinburgh. 1928. strangely moved within me as I watched these three men so utterly Pilgrim's Progress and Grace Abounding. diverse, the one from the other, yet so Special Tercentenary edition. John closely united in the one great passion Bunyan. 651 pp. $2. American Tract Society. New York. 1928.

that appeared to absorb them, stand- The English in English Bibles. J. F. Shea- ing there on the cold mud fioor around han. 143 pp. Cloth, $1.25; paper, that charcoal glow and praying for 75 cents. Columbus Institute. Poughthe souls of the people that lived in keepsie. 1928. Liohyang." "Gentlemen-The King!" John Oxenham. 96 pp. 75 cents. The Pilgrim Press.

In the last chapter, Barak traces Boston. 1928.

the steps of his declension from mis- God Is Love. Russian translation. D. L.

sionary zeal. Illustrating from his Moody. 32 pp. 10 cents a copy, 12 own sad end, he uses the last few for $1. Bible Institute Colportage pages of the book to preach to his Assn. Chicago. 1928. readers, exhorting them not to follow his example. In this he feels justified, Revaluing Soripture. Frank Eakin. 249 because as he says: "Samson used a pp. $2.60. Macmillan Co. New York. donkey's jawbone to slay an army, and 1928. God opened a donkey's mouth to re- The Saoraments: Their Nature and Use. C. F. Hogg. 48 pp. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1928.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1924

~LUMEXLVII NUMBER

– MAY, 1924 A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND JAVA SAMUEL M. ZWEMER NEW ITALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL FREDERIC S. GOODMAN OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR FROM THE SECRETARIES' VIEWPOINT LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN GALEN M. FISHER BEST METHODS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS MRS. E. C. CRONK THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CHURCH MRS. CHARLES K. ROYS 12.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY lad and REILYSTS., HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

SAMUEL M

Plans to visit India this summer, to return to America next autumn, and to visit South Africa in the next year.

YOU can go to these fields with him, by proxy, and can help give the Gospel to Moslems by sending your contribution to the work through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with International Committees on the field to give the Gospel Message through the printed page in Egypt Syria Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. James L. Barton Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. D. L. Pierson Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New Yark City.

Apply for information and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Secretary, Box 888, New York City.

————————————————————————- IDEAS FROM THE STUDENT A developing industry and com- merce hasten the day of self-support VOLUNTEER EXIBIT AT within the Church. INDIANAPOLIS '*' ". " Truth and not tradition IS our sanction for religion. Governments may aid the Church by laws that guarantee religious lib- """ erty.

Youth revolts against traditions and *** conventions; questions authorities; tests foundations; demands realities. Government}A trilogy, no one of *$ * Commerce' which can well do You can have race prejudice if you Missions without the other. want it; you can have .Jesus Christ if you want Him; but you cannot have $: '* *' both. Christian teaching moves the mind, " *" the heart and the will of the people to We cannot separate Christian thinking from the demands of world the highest standards. brotherhood. " $ ;; * * 'J< Cooperation between denominations We should see a Christian responsi- gives the largest economy in the exbility in ·every human need. penditure of money and men.

""" * " ;; The central issue in which employ- An indigenous Church demands ers and the Church are concerned is leaders who distinguish between Westthe humanizing of relations between ernism and Christianity. labor and capital. " When a native C" hr"istian literature begins to appear, tben the native Church is really established.

Please mention THE MrSSrDNARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. The Correct Monogramming of Linens POR over 65 years McCutcheon's has specialized in the correct monogramming of household Linens, as it has in every other phase of the Linen craft.

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Department No. 20 Fifth Avenue 33d and 34th Streets, New York Your Will Today Is Stronger Than Any Will You Can Prepare For After Death The best of lawyers cannot draw up a document that will carry out your intentions as wen as you can carry them out yourself Now Is the Time to Settle Your Estate as You Wish It "If you want a thing well done. do it yourself."

Let us tell you bow LIFE ANNUITY AGREEMENTS enable you to settle your own estate Write to George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fihh Avenue. New York, N. Y•• or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board ·of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. I 70 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa.

Please mention TH:E MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Wl'IRLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJilo> CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1924 Page FRONTISPIECE ..•••….. A TYP1CALHOME SOENE AMONG 1fAr,AYS IN SUMA~'RA EDITORIALS •••.•…..•.•…..•••.•…•••..•…………..•……..••….. 333 NATIONAL CHRISTIAN CoUNClLS IN ASIA SOME CAUSES OF UNREST IN CHINA THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT AND RELIGION CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN BRAZIL SOME QUESTIONS FOR A MAN AT FIF'l'Y . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . • . . . . A. A. HYDE 340 A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND JAVA . . . . . . . . SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 341 Some interesting observations and encouragements received during a vtait to centers of successful work among Ma.lay Moslems. THE NEW ITALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL . . . . . . . • . . . . . FREDERIC S. GOODMAN 350 The romantic history of the Waldensians and thdr Christian testimony in Italy. OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST yEAR . . . • • . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . 354 SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS-REVIVALS IN EUROPE AMERICAN BAPTIST, FOREIGN-!,AY EVANGELISM AMERICAN BAPTIST, HO},{E–REVTVALS IN CUBA SOUTHERN BAPTIST, FOREIGN-PERSECUTION IN R01JMANIA AMERICAN FRIENDS-CHuRCH GROWTH IN JAMAICA CHRISTIAN REFGRMED-PROGRESS IN CHINA CHURCH OF BRETHREN-NEW WORK IN NIGERIA CHURCH OF GOn-RESCUE HOME HI INDIA CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCI!l–FOUR NEW LANGUAGE GROUPS REACHED CoNGREGATIONAL–AMERICAN BOARD-DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA METHODIST EPISCOPAL, SoUTH-REVIVAL IN SHANGHAI MORAVIANS-REVIVAL IN NIC'ARAGUA PRESBYTERIAN BOARD, FOREIGN-NEW MISSION IN MESOPOTA~nA PRESBYTERIAN BOARD, HOMI!l–ORGANIZATJON OF BOARD OF NATIONAL MISSIONS PBESBYTERIAN BOARD SoUTH-DOOTRINAL CONTROVERSY PRESBYTERIAN BOARD SoUTH, HOME-GREAT BUILDING ERA PBESBYTERIAN IN CANADA-FORMOSA ANNIVERSARY PROTESTANT Ep]SOOPA~CoNSEORATION OF JAPANESE "BISHOP REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA, FoREIGN-ORGANIZATION OF AROOT ASSEMBL"IC, INDIA REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA, HOME-GROWTH OF COMMUNITY WORK UNITED CHRJSTIAN MISSIONAB.Y SCCIETy–SHELTON MEMORIAL FUND FOB. TIBET UNITED LUTHERAN-FOREIGN MISSIONARY FOB.WARD FUND UNITED LUTHERAN, HOME-REMOVAL TO CIHCAGO UNITED PRESBYTERIAN, FOREIGN-MISSlONARY GIVING UNITED PRESBYTERIAN, HOME-REORGANIZATION LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN ……… GALEN M. FISHER 368 Some of the encouraging evidences of the power of Christ to develop .<trong leaders in the political, intellectual and social life of the Japanese.

BEST METHODS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS •. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 374 WOM.AcN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …………………•………•• 382 THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CHURCH •…….. BY MRS. GHARLES K. RayS WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ••…. EDITED BY FLORENOE E. QUINLAN 386 R,ECRUITlNG THE HOME MISSION FORCES NEWS FROM MANY LANDS •……•…•…••••.•…….•…………….•. 389 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . • . . . . . , .•..•………..•.••.•• 404 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage. 50 cents. Sin~le copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1924, by MISBIONA11Y REVIEW PUBLISHING CoMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, President Wlllam I. Chamberlain, Vlc~-Presldent Delavan L. PlerBon, Secretary Walter McDougal1. Treasurer PublicatIOn office. 3d & ReUy SU.. Harrisburg. Editorial and Bu.lnes" Omce. 156 Fltth Avenue. Pa. 25c a copy $2.50 a year' New York City Entered a8 second-class matter at the Post Omce, Harrlshurg, Pa., under, Act 01 March 3. 1879. PERSONALS DWIGHT H. DAY, for eighteen years Treas- HARTFORD urer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Cburch in the U. S. A., SEMINARY FOUNDATION has res:igned on account of ill-health. Hartford, Conn. """ W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, Pre.iJent REV. CHARLES W_ ABEL, who reached his field in Kwato, New Guinea, early in Jan- Theoioaical Seminary uary, had a remarkable welcome from the De8D. M. W. Jacoba. native Christian population who have come out of cannibalism in the past thirty years. School of Religioul Pedagogy Deaa, E. H. Kaqbt * Kennedy School of Mi..ion. DR. HOWARD SOMERVELL, a distingnislled Dean. E. W. Cap…. membel' of the expedition which last year climbed Mt_ Everest, was so stirred by what Through these associated schools Hartford offers he saw in India that he offered himself to full training for the London Missionary Society and has wen accepted as a medical missionary_ 1. The Christian MiniHry_ " z. Religious Education and Soeial Seruice.

SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, who completed twenty 3. The Foreum Field. years of service in Allahabad, India, N0vember 10, 1923, has been presented with Each school has its independent faculty and its the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal. own institutional life and together they iorm one interdenominational institution with the unity of a JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., on his recent visit common aim and spirit. to Greece, was decorated by the Greek Government with the Order of the Holy Saviour, The plan for a group of ei~ht buildinas for the and received various other honors, among Foundation. including dormitories, library, chapel, them being the miming of one street in gymnasium. as well as separate buildings for each Saloniki ",Tohn R. Mott Street," and an- school. is being carried out. The first of these other "Y. M. C. A. Avenne_" buildings, the Tomen'g Dormitory, is now occupied under direction of the Dean of Women, Mr~. Lester McLean, Jr.

DR. ROBERT ~AWS, of Livingstonia, has REV. V. D. DAVID, better known as "Tamil been invested by the Government of South David, " an Indian preacher and anthor Africa as a Companion of the Order of St. who"e ministry in Ceylon and South India Michael and St. George, in recognition of had been greatly blessed, died on Novemwr his fifty years of service in Nyasaland_ 30, 1923.

DR. A. J. ApPASAMY is now English editor * for the Christian' Literature Society for India, Madras, and will provide books for REV. JOHN 1. AR.MSTRONG, editor of the edncated Indians who read English. He is Sunday·school publications of the Southern to prepare a Life of Christ for Indian read- Presbyterian Church, died of pneumonia on ers and is also planning to edit: (1) The March 8, 1924. lIe was Educational Secre· Christian Heritage Series (expounding such tary of the Church from 1913 to 1920 and subjects as The Divinity of our Lord, The rendered very effident service. Meaning of the Cross, etc.); (2) The Bhaktas of the World (popular reprints of EVERYLAND the writings of mystics); (3) Books for the Times (dealing with the pressing so· For Every Boy and Girl cial, economic and other problems); (4) Books for Women (including stories, biog- Good Things for May raphies, nature stndy, domestic economy, training of chil.dren, etc.). Gloria and the Wicked Frog, Estil Grit- chie; The Magic Sandals, Edith Serrell; * The Black Daffodil, Margaret T. Apple- garth; Tam and Meg, Abbie Miller Ogilvie; OBITUARY Everyland Exchange, Katherine Seherer Cronk; Valentine's Day, Lucy W. Peabody; DR. CHARLES L. THOMPSON, for some The Orange Tree Baby, Lucy W. Peabody; years secretary of the Presbyterian Board The Book Shop, Helen Douglas Billings; of Home Missions, and recently president Hymn for America, William Adams Slade. of the Home Missions Council, died in Atlantic' City on April 14th, at eighty-five years of age.

DR CHARLES E. CONWELL, medical mission- $1.50 a year, 25 cents a copy. ary in Mexico since 1906 under the Amer_ iean Baptist Home Mission Society, died Write to Miss Leavis, WEST MEDFORD, recently in Puebla. MASS .

. ''l.8e mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 07 "HB WORLD In writing to advertise…

A TYPICAL HOME SCENE AMONG MALAYS IN

Mrs-s]o

MW~ VOL. MAY, 1924 NUMBER XLVII FIVE NATIONAL CHRJSTIAX COUNCILS IN ASIA O NE of the hopeful signs of the progress of Christianity in . Asia is the development of native Christian leaders and their taking over of responsibility for aggressive work in each country.' Great strides have been made since the Edinburgh Conference in 1910 and Dr. Mott's conferences in Asia, three years later. At that time Continuation Committees were formed, made up of missionaries and some national Christians. These have now been transformed into National Christian Councils in which the major share of responsibility is upon Christian leaders of each country.

The National Christian Council of China was organized by the National Conference held in Shanghai in May, 1922. This Council is composed of one hundred members, over one-half of them Chinese, and has for its object the unification of evangelical Christian forces in China and the giving of practical expression to Christianity. It is not an ecclesiastical organization to take over functions of church government but exists for inspiration, correlation, promotion and research for the benefit of all branches of the Church. The secretaries are Bishop L. H. Roots of the American Protestant Episcopal Church; Dr. H. T. Hodgkin of the British Society of Friends; Rev. K. T. Chung of St. John's University, and Miss Y. J. Fan, recently a traveling secretary of the Y. W. C. A. Emphasis in all the chief activities is placed on the importance of Chinese leadership.

The Council works through various committees and makes its contacts through publications, including a bi-monthly BulletVn. The committees include those on Retreats and Evangelism, International Relations, Rural Problems, Industrial and Social Relations, etc. The chief emphasis for the first year or two is rightly placed on the need for increased spiritual efficiency. One of the most hopeful signs of promise in this Council is the promotion of "Retreats" in which small groups of from ten to fifteen missionaries and Chinese meet 333

for a few days of prayer and meditation for spiritual vision and a renewal of power from God.

The National Christian Council of India, Burma and Ceylon was organized last year with Rev. W. Paton, formerly of the British Student Christian Movement, and lfi~s Gordon of the United Free Church of Scotland as secretaries. Dr. K. T. Paul has declined to serve as Indian secretary and no one has as yet been found to fill his place. Many new lines of activity are planned, especially in educational work. Conferences are held to unite missionary and Indian Christian workers in purpose, ideals and program, and to study the fields of greatest need and the most effectiv·e methods for carrying on the Christian campaign in India. Plans have been laid for an advance in rural Christian education, in the development of Indian leaders, and in the production of Christian literature. The Council is also studying the relation of the Church to public questions such as opium, strong drink, and public service. Beginning with the present year, the IIa·n,'esf Field (for many years a Wesleyan magazine published at Madras) has become the National Christian Council Review, the official organ of the Council. It will be published at Mysore City, under the editorship of Rev. W. Paton, the secretary.

The National Christian Council of .Japan has likewise now succeeded the Japan Continuation Committee. At the organization meeting, in November of last year, all of the Protestant societies at work in Japan were represented by missionaries, except the Episcopalians, Lutherans, Southern Baptists and Southern Presbyterians. The Rev. William ~'Cling, D.D., of the American Baptist Foreign Mission, and author of the mission study book, "Japan on the Upward Trail," was elected foreign executive secretary. His J"apanese co-worker is to be selected later. The Federation of Ohristian Churches has voted to merge its organization and work into that of the Council. One of the first undertakings of the new body has been to study the reconstruction needed following the earthquake and fire.

Christians in all lands, by whatever name they are called, should be much in prayer for these National Christian Councils in the great nations of Asia. Their influence on the future of Christianity in those lands cannot be estimated but their success in leadership will be determined by their success in following the leadership of the Spirit of God.

SOME CAUSES OF UNRES'l' IN OHINA T HE National Christian Council of China has recently under- taken a study of the chief causes of the present low economic conditions in that land, the prevailing ignorance of the people, and the caUSes of banditry and general unrest. Mr. S. T. Wen (Wen Shih-tsen), a prominent Chinese Christian, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, says that the prevalence of banditry in many sec-

EDITORIAL COMME.NTS

tions is due to the low economic conditions; that these conditions are due to the political unrest, the disturbance of ancient industrial pursuits by the introduction of modern machinery, and the consequent removal of large numbers from the country to the cities. These conditions seriously affect the Christian Church and Christian home in China. The remedy seems to be the adoption of Christian standards by the Chinese. This will come only as we give them practical education and show them how to apply Christian standards to social, industrial and political life. This is more easily said than done, but it needs to be done. The people' in the rural districts will welcome education and an opportunity to earn an honest living. Mr. Wen says that "within a radius of 100 Ii around Paotseku (one of the bandit centers), there is not one school, and less than twenty per cent of the people can read and write." He preached to the bandits and found that not one of them believed killing and robbery to be wrong. They begged that schools might be established in their midst so that their children might grow up with better opportunities to come out of barbarism into light. More attention in China, as in India, must be devoted to the establishment of village schools with Christian teachers.

THE TURKISH GOVERN~IEN'l' AND R~JLIGION F REE democratic governmeIlt and autocratic Moslem institu- tions do not mix. The Nationalist Assembly of Turkey has been passing laws at Angora, some of which uphold their claims for the separation of Church and State, but some of which bring protests from Moslems as well as from non-Moslems. The Assembly has recently banished the former Sultan and has dispersed his harem on the ground that other free states do not harbor deposed monarchs. They have also abolished the caliphate, the Moslem civil and religious authority at Constantinople, on the ground that it was seeking to dictate to the civil government. The Assembly found itself hampered in promUlgating laws which the caliph declared to be contrary to the teachings of Mohammed-such as the Jaws respecting polygamy and woman's rights. The Government therefore decided to abolish the caliphate. This seems to be another step toward the destruction of the political power of Islam. The control of the property held by religious ,establishments in Turkey, and valued at more than five hundred million dollars, is a question yet to be settled. This wealth gives the religious leaders great power.

The civil functions of the Greek Ecumenical Patriarch and the Jewish Rabbinate have also been abolished and the political functions of these offices are taken over by the National Assembly.

Abdul Medjid, the deposed caliph, is now residing in Switzerland and from there has issued a strong protest against the action

of the National Turkish Assembly" as sacrilegious and void." He invites the leaders of the Moslem world to call an inter-Islamic congress to consider the matter. Moslems of forty-one countries recently met in Berlin to protest against the action of the Angora Assembly as that of a pan-Turanian, Bolshevist government. In the meantime, several other claimants to the caliphate have appearedincluding King Hussein of the Hedjaz and the Sultan of Morocco (favored by the French).

The Turkish Nationalists, having disregarded the dictates of the European Governments in so many directions, are also taking the bit in their teeth more and more in other matters, civil and religious. Not only have they killed or driven out Armenians and Greeks, returned to power in Constantinople and abrogated the capitulations, but they have recently passed laws that hamper non-Moslem merchants and missionary workers. One of the recent laws makes Friday, the Moslem holy day, a universal day of rest on which all business houses, both Moslem and non-Moslem, must be closed. Even street venders are barred, and milkmen cannot deliver milk without a special license. The motive of the new law may be to prevent Jews, Christians and other non-Moslems from doing business when Moslem shops are closed, or may be merely an assertion of authority to show that Turkey is emphatically a Moslem land. The law will work hardship to Christians who conscientiously close their shops on Sunday and will give many opportunities for bribery of officials in order to obtain special licenses for trading on Friday.

The Government is determined to enforce its laws respecting the giving of religious (non-Moslem) instruction in private as well as in public schools, and has refused to grant licenses to non-Turkish citizens to practice medicine in Turkey. This, of course, hinders mission schools in their Christian instruction and prevents missionary physicians from practicing medicine in mission hospitals. As a result the American Board hospital in Aintab has been closed as well as the girls' school in Marash, and the Reformed Presbyterian School in Mersina. American missionaries in Ca:sarea and Marsovan have not been able to reopen the hospital or school though the people desire these institutions. The Government is determined to compel mission schools to conform to the new Turkish laws, possibly desiring by these regulations to lessen their Christian influence.""

In the meantime, the missionaries are waiting faithfully and patiently on God in prayer. American business enterprises are perseveringly endeavoring to obtain concessions and to find a market for tlieir goods and should Christian enterprises be any less courageous and persistent in their more important and unselfish efforts to bring the benefits of the Gospel to these multitudes for whom Christ died ~ • Permission has just been given to Dr. Shepard and Dr. Dodd to practice medicine.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN BRAZIL T HE Evangelical Church in Brazil has come to be a very strong factor in the national life of Brazil. Great self-supporting churches are found in the cities with large memberships and do- ing real missionary work in their own districts and one of them at least reaching out into a foreign land. Events that a few years ago would have caused the whole Church to stop and comment are now passed on as natural things to expect in the enlargement of the work.

Before I reached Santos, my first stop, I received a wireless message of welcome from the evangelical forces of that progressive community. I was met at the steamer by a large reception committee, composed of the ministers of the various evangelical churches. That evening I addressed a union-meeting in one of the churches with probably 500 people present. I spoke to them about cooperation in different parts of Latin America and they received the message with great enthusiasm. Only a few years ago there was no cooperation in Santos and all of the workers were watching one another with jealousy. Today, without any help whatever from the mission boards, the churches of the city have united and organized a prosperous school, which is exercising a splendid influence on the city.

An illustration of the fact that our Evangelical Church members are "live members" and are taking part in the varied life of the community, is the fact that the first woman aviator in Brazil is a young lady member of one of our churches in Santos and among the things that the churches had provided for my entertaiument was an invitation to view the city from the aeroplaue piloted by this young member. Santos is the greatest coffee port in the world but it is now coming to be a city of importance in other ways. On.e of the finest railroads in the world leads from Santos up to Sao Paulo, about two hours ride through beautiful mountainous districts. The climb is so steep that cables are necessary.

Sao Paulo is the second city in Brazil and the third in South America, now having about 750,000 people. Its growth during the last few years is one of the most remarkable developments in all of American municipal life. Both the Presbyterians and the Methodists have recently built beautiful churches in the city, buildings that would grace our best boulevards in New York or Nashville. I had a conference with'the pastors of the city in the Young Men's Christian Association, reviewing the work in Sao Paulo and planning for the Montevideo Congress in the spring of 1925. In a meeting of that kind one finds the same keenness of intellect and the same consecration, and the same power of discussing problems as he would find in any city pastors' associations in the United States.

The most remarkable thing I saw in Sao Paulo was the work among the Japanese. Little over a year ago a Japanese student,. who had been converted in Japan, and had come to the United States for

theological training, talked to me about work among the Japanese immigrants who were going to BraziL It was not possible for him to secure any appointment from North American mission boards. So, as he had saved up some money by working in the United States, he decided to go at his own expense to minister to the 35,000 Japanese who have recently come into the State of Sao Paulo, invited by the Brazilian Government to colonize and help furnish agricultural workers for that district.

The young man found a splendid welcome among the Japanese, some of whom were Christians, and he is now building up a fine Sunday-school and some night classes. The Brazilian churches are interested in the work and the pastors formed a Japanese Mission in clrder to guide this growing development. The Japanese themselves have contributed something like $2,000 for the erection of a building and the Brazilian pastors propose to see that this work is well cared for. The Japanese in California have also become interested and it now looks as though this splendid work would be carried forward by means of the Japanese and Brazilian Christians themselves. Here is one of the finest illustrations of the development of foreign missions that I have known in any part of the world.

While in Sao Paulo a committee consulted with me about a pastor for the union congregation which the English-speaking people have recently formed in that city. The congregation now meets in the Y. M. C. A. and various missionaries are doing the preaching but there is a large English colony and they are very much in need of a pastor to devote his entire time to this work.

"When one goes to Rio de Janeiro and enters the office of the Committee on Cooperation in Brazil, presided over by that indefatigable worker, Professor Erasmo Braga, he understands why many of the developments in the Evangelical Church have come to pass. I do not know of any man in America who has done a finer piece of Christian service than has Prof. Braga during these last three years, since he has been Secretary of this interdenominational work. Prof. Braga came to this work with a splendid background. As a professor in the Presbyterian Seminary at Campinas for many years and professor in one of the Brazilian public high schools, the author of a reader which is now being used by a large number of government schools, a writer of recognized ability and altogether a fine, cultivated, Christian gentleman, he has used his talents and consecration to develop one of the finest pieces of cooperation that is to be found anywhere.

The offices are located on a prominent down-town street and are occupied not only by the Committee on Cooperation but also by the Brazilian Secretary of the World's Sunday-school Association and the national secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association. This trio of workers, with their office staff, form a kind of interdep.ominational missionary headquarters. They have a conference

F.DITORIAL COMMENTS

room and nearly every day there is some kind of an interdenomin- ational committee or conference going on. During the last two years a large number of books have been translated and published by this Committee.

Committee meetings in connection with the centenary celebra- tion this year took a great deal of the workers' time. The quarterly meeting of the Sunday-school Union, to which men from distant places came, was held, where important questions concerning Sundayschool literature were decided. The Committee on Cooperation keeps a file of some 385 ministers in Brazil, with information as to the ministry in each denomination and the occupation of territory in each state. Maps representing these points have been printed and circulated. Courses of reading and selected books are recommended to the constituency through the cooperative religious magazine "R-evista de Cultum Religiosa."

The list of the cooperative institutions in Brazil indicates something of the results of the hard work done by the Committee on Cooperation in Brazil.

Union Institutions in Brazil Executive and Literature Office in Rio de Janeiro, including such activities as syndicated articles concerning the Evangelical work sent to the daily secular and religious press; the preparation of the .Annual Sunday School Lesson Commentary in Portuguese; Literature Exhibit; Directory of Evangelical Workers; Coordination of work among the Indians and Japanese; Building up of Portuguese Christian Literature by the publication of translations and original works; .Advising Y. M. C. .A., Y. W. C. .A., National Sun. day School .Association and other agencies on their publications; Conference Room for interdenominational meetings; etc., etc. In charge of Professor Erasmo Braga.

Union Theological Seminary: Located at the People's Institute, at Rio de Janeiro. Cooperating bodies: Congregationalists, Methodists, Presbyterians.

Union Church for English.Speaking Residents: .At Rio de Janeiro: a well established church with plans for a representative building including a social center for the colony. ,.At Sao Paulo, a new effort, now meeting in the Y. M. C, .A., desirous of securing a pastor.

Evangelical Hospital, at Rio de Janeiro: Erected and supported by the Brazilian churches, without outside help. Offers an opportunity for larger sf'l'vice by receiving assistance from outside sources.

Rest Home, at Caxambu: Located at a famous health resort. .A recent de. velopment started by the Christian forces in Brazil, offering a rest home for all Christian workers and frie'llds and meeting with remarkable success.

Union School, at Santos: Organized and operated by the local churches of Santos.

Board of Missions for Japanese in Brazil: .A society organized by the churches of Sao Paulo to reach the Japanese colonies with the Gospel.

Revista de Cultura ReligioslP: .A quarterly magazine for the treatment of religious topics, edited, issued and supported by a group of leading Evangeli. cals in Brazil.

Union Bookstore at Rio de Janeiro: Just begun with the help of the Methodist press in Sao Paulo,

Methodist Press: This press though owned entirely by the Southern Methodist Board does much of the work for the Union Committee on Liter- ature in BrazH. s. G. I.

SOME QUESTIONS FOR A MAN AT FIFTY ASKED BY MR. A. A. HYDE, WICHITA, KANSAS President of the Mentholatum Company 1. How can the successful business man at fifty plan for his remaining years to make them the most enjoyable of his whole life~ 2. With this aim, should he plan to retire entirely from busi- ness; and if so, when 1 3. By the time he is fifty, if he has built up a good business and has capital and income more than sufficient for needs, what should he do with the surplus?

4. To illustrate: Should such a man largely and increasingly .give of his time to the cultivation of his own physical, mental and spiritual well-being and that of his family1 5. Should he also give largely of time and money to organiza- tions for the betterment of society and in furthering per- sonally other religious work?

6. Is it wise for a man of fifty during his remaining years, to gradually sell out his business to employees of tested ability and thus give them greater opportunity for service and reward?

7. After providing reasonably by will for wife and dependents, should such a man aim, while yet living, to administer and distribute the bulk of his estate for God and humanity, rather than leave his means to expectant heirs, or even to his adult children?

8. Taking it for granted that a generous, sympathetic and lov- ing father~an all-round man who knows the real joys of life is needed more by wife and family, than they need his estate, may we ask our final question-Is the right answer to question No. 1 fairly suggested in the remaining seven questions?

Cut out the above and place it where it will be frequently seen.

A MALAY HOME IN ·THE ISLAND OF

A Missionary Visit to Sumatra and Java BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEM.EH" D.D., F.R-G.S., OAIR.D, EG.yPT Author of "Arabia, The Cradle of Islam," etc., Editor of '''rhe Moslem World"

O NE of the great promises of the Old Testament states that the "isles shall wait for His law." If the word "wait" in this promise includes the ideas of delay, expectation, and fulfillment, then the word has its full significance in the history of Christian missions. The islands of the Mediterranean waited long but expected and received the Gospel. So the islands of the South Seas waited long to hear the message. In no other island of the world has, perhaps, this promise of Isaiah been so signally fulfilled as in the Island of Sumatra. If anyone doubts the present-day power of the Gospel, let him visit this mission field and see the evidences of God's grace among the Bataks or on the islands of Nias fringing the west coast of Sumatra. 'Within a single generation the Gospel has been able to win hundreds of thousands from heathen darImess to Christian light. and life. Sumatra is one of the least kno'wn mission fields and yet one of the most fruitful in results. It was my privilege to visit this island in the summer of 1922 and to learn at first hand regarding the conditions and the results of missionary effort.

One must understand something of the geography of the island to appreciate the intensity of the threefold struggle between Christianity, Islam, and Animistic Heathenism. Sumatra affords a rare opportunity for the comparative study of religions and in this field S4l

at least, one can speak with truth of the progress and arrest of Islam amid dying heathenism and of the future victory of the Cross.

Sumatra lies on the Equator, which divides it into two nearly equal parts. Its total area is 184,000 square miles. It is about 1,000 miles in length and 250 miles wide. The government divides the island into two sections-the West Coast, with Achin, and seven residences along the East Coast and neighboring islands. High mountain chains skirt the whole of the west coast, while the east consists of flat alluvial country. Earthquakes are frequent as the whole range is topped with a line of volcanoes, several of which are active. Forests crown the mountains and the whole island is extremely fertile. The climate is tropical, and the rainfall is spread over the whole year, some places having a record of 190 inches-a flood of fifteen feet!

Although the island is three times the size of Java, its population is not more than one-sixth, the total approaching 6,000,000. Only seven towns have a popUlation of over 5,000. The largest are: Palembang, 61,000; Pedang, 50,000; and Sibolga, 20,000.

The chief peoples of Sumatra belong to two groups-Indonesians and Malays. There is no great physical difference between them, and they all approximate to the Malay type. The chief groups are the following: Achinese, North Sumatra; Bataks around Lake Toba; Malays on the east coast; Ilembongs on the west coast; and Lampongs in their own central district. The last named have a considerable mixture of Javanese blood. Of foreigners there are about 10,000 Europeans, 225,000 Chinese, and nearly 5,000 Arabs. A variety of languages and scripts are used, by the different peoples. Malay is the language of trade and of the officials and of Islam. Bible translations exist in most of the languages but in many of them this work i& still needed and only a gospel or a few portions are available.

First visited by the Dutch in 1596, a treaty was concluded in 1662, and, after a s.truggle with the British, who retired in 1824, Sumatra was conquered by the Dutch. 'fhe process of conquest lasted from 1825 until 1907. The chief point of conflict was northern Sumatra where the Achinese, fearing Dutch aggression, secretly sought protection in turn from the United States, Italy, France, and Turkey, through the consuls at Singapore. The Dutch demanded an explanation of these secret negotiations; and, this being evaded, war was declared on the Achinese in March, 1873, and dragged on in one form or another, with heavy cost of blood and treasure, until December, 1907, when the Sultan surrendered and was deported to Amboina. Then to celebrate their victory and the peace, the Dutch constructed a great mosque at Koota-Radja, which is the finest piece of architecture in all Sumatra, but even this concession did not win over the affection of the people. The mosque today is scarcely used

A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND .JAVA

by the faithful. Nominally, the peoples of Sumatra are today nearly all Mohammedans, except a large proportion of the Bataks, and the bulk of the inhabitants of the islands off the west coast who are pagans. There are still large areas in the interior where the Dutch rule is merely nominal, but the country is fast becoming pacified, and it may be expected that the population will rapidly increase when immigration from Java is encouraged.

Not until 1912 was a beginning made in the introduction of national education. By the end of 1914, 681 national schools had been established in Sumatra with approximately 41,000 pupils. The total number of private schools at the same date was given as 840 with A GENERAL VIEW OF PEARADJA, SHOWING THE CHURCH AND HOSPITAL 65,000 pupils. These figures are an eloquent testimony to the fact that Christian missions were the pioneers in national education.

The development of Sumatra has been delayed by the absence of good roads. There is no highway from north to south, but a good road has been completed from Sibolga across to Medan. Altogether about 4,000 kilometers of good roads are found, and 1,000 more under construction. Along these roads there is automobile service. A state railway connects Padang with Ft. DeKock, and there are narrow-gauge roads on the east coast and in the north. At present the lack of railway through the length of the island or even across from Palembang to Padang is a serious handicap to missions as well as to commercial development. The vast forests, high momitain ranges and the low irregular coast line, make all railway construc-

tion exceedingly difficult. It is only a matter of time however and soon the whole of this marvelously rich and fertile country will be open to exploitation and evangelization-a race between the best and the worst of Vestern nations.

The agricultural wealth of Sumatra includes the products of the palm, rubber, tobacco, tea, coffee, copra. The total number of cocoanut palms, according to the government estimates, is 14,500,000; 500,000 acres are planted with coffee; the rubber industry has devel- oped enormously within two decades. In 1919, 30,000 tons of rubber were exported from the east coast alone. Tobacco is grown more extensively in Sumatra and of higher quality than in any other part of the world. Medan is the center of the tobacco market of the world, and exports about 60,000,000 pounds annually. The steamer on which we sailed from Medan in 1917 carried a half-million sterling in tobacco leaves. A tax of 1/10th of a cent per pound placed on this one export would abundantly pay for the evangelization of the island. Gold, copper, but especially petroleum and tin are among the undeveloped riches of Sumatra. Tin mining is the chief industry of the islands of Banka and BiIliton.

2. The 'conflict of reli,gions in Surmatra. The standard work on missions in Sumatra from the standpoint of the struggle between Islam, Animism and Christianity, is that by Gottfried Simon. We would strongly recommend this book' for careful stUdy. The author has had eleven years' experience, and sketches the social and religious condition, first of the pagans, then the changes that take place when they become Moslem, and finally the process by which these Mohammedans turn to Christianity. Islam is not a schoolmaster to lead the pagan races to Christ. The pagan who becomes a Moslem also becomes a fanatic in his opposition to Christianity, and shows at once the strength and weakness of Islam over against the Gospel when Christian missions begin their work. The author leaves no doubt as regards his attitude toward Islam. It is one of uncompromising adherence to the vital truths of Christianity which make the impact of these two religions necessarily a death struggle. He shows the urgency and the possibility of winning over the pagan races in Malaysia and Africa before the advent of Islam, but makes clear no less that the struggle against I slam itself is not hopeless, but if carried on in the spirit of the Gospel is sure to bring results.

But the spirit of the Gospel, according to G::;ttfried Simon, is not the spirit of compromise, or that of dealing in superficialities. The impact of Christianity on Islam, especially in the Animistic world, means a death struggle. If any feel disposed to let the idea of a strenuous fight drop out of our Christian life and vocabulary, let them read this volume. During my visit we found unanimity in the testimony of all missionaries in Java and Sumatra that "Islam 1 "Progress and Arrest of Islam In Sumatra."

1924J A MISSIONARY VISrr TO SUMATRA A~D JAVA

can never be a bridge over the gulf that separates the heathen from Christianity, nor bring them nearer to God the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ." There is no compromise in Sumatra.

In enumerating the factors that play their part in turning the heathen to Islam, Simon notes: the policy of the colonial government which is always that of neutrality, but degenerates into favoritism; the native officials; the official language; the government school; the new highways of communication and commerce-all cooperate to drive the pagan into the fold of Islam. The fear of spirits, the desire for mediators, and the superstitious dread of a written charm are supplied in the Mos1em Koran.

"It is therefore not only a case of Islam conniving at Heathen proclivities," Simon says, "but of an inner connection being actually established between Animism and Islam. Islam itself is imbued with Animistic molecules which attract kindred elements in- heathenism. Its inherent syncretism gives it the power of assimilating what is even apparently heterogenous in other peoples. Its syncretic elasticity make it possible for Islam to be a world religion.

"Hence within Islam Animism does not play the part of a barely tolerated slave, rather it receives royal favor! The despised cult. of Animistic magic receives in Islam the rank of a divine institution. It is the gift of God to His faithful believers."

And again as he points out: "Animism is a foe which must be refused all quarter. In not doing so, Islam is bound to suffer absolute defeat itself at the hands of its hypocritical opponent.

"Many customs are doubtless forgotten; sacrifices are soon things of the past. Many prayer formulas, many names of spirits and ancestors are lost, but what an impregnable position magic gains in the new religion by ent,renching itself behind the new conception of God. How many possible ways the Heathen-Mohammedan finds of satisfying his Animistic cravings in his daily religious exercises-and, above all, in the vagaries of mysticism."

Another important factor is the pilgrimage to Mecca. Pilgrims, on their return, occupy a high position among the population and become apostles. The journey to Mecca is not so much a penance for a poor sinner as a spring-board by which any venturesome rogue may leap into a lucrative profession. The money invested for the journey brings a large return when the Hadji sets up as a propagandist and religious leader.

One may see in every village of north Sumatra the process in all its stages: Heathen becoming Moslems, and Moslems becoming Christian. The Mohammedan Christian has a great conflict before him-he faces a double line of battle. He must fight against the old Animism and also against Islam. The triumph of the Gospel in such an environment is a proof of its power. The faith of these Christians is great because it risks everything. The missionaries in their method have refused all compromise. In some respects they are ~ven radical in their attitude toward relam. It is the miraele of ~

A CO-EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL FOR MOSLEMS AT PADANG, SUMATRA In 1922 this school enrolled 800 p.upils. It is a private enterprise aided by government grants God's grace manifested through human love t.hat has won it.s way. Not only. does Jesus appear greater than Mohammed, but rather, as Simon says: "A new God, the father of Jesus Christ, who is one wit.h the Son, takes the place of Allah in the Moslem heart." "It is not merely a question of correCting' the Mohammedan conception of God. That is a hopeless task; the idea is too distorted. An entirely new conception is formed in the mind of the Mohammedan. ,/'he very name of God scarcely remains the same. Among the Bataks, we revert to the old vernacular name for God and once more eliminate the Arabic Allah. The soul finds the living God Himself in Jesus."

The method of preaching in Sumatra is fearless. No Moham- .medan can become a Christian, they say, unless he is persuaded that Mohammed is a false prophet. '''1'he aim of our preaching," says Simon, "is to make the Mohammedan realize who Jesus is; then his faith in Mohammed 'spontaneously breaks down. He must become assured of a twofold fact: that Christians reallv have another Jesus from the Jesus of Islam, and t.hat Mohammed is not what he himself claims to be, nor what the teachers say he is."

3. Into this great arena of present-day conflict, it was our privilege to enter for a brief fortnight and to study at first hand the POWel- of the Gospel among pagans and Moslems in Sumatra. After g-etting into close touch with the missions in .Java, orientation was less difficult and everywhere, especially on the part of our German brethren of the Rhenish Mission we were heartily welcomed and most hospitably received. And for these workers to be hospitable means sacrifice. Think of t.he war period and the post-war disappearance of the mark.

After preaching in the Willemskerk at Weltevreden on Sunday, August 20, 1922, to a congregation whose organization dates back

A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND .JAVA

to 1619, I visited the Rhenish Mission post opened in Padang in connection with their work on the island of Nias. The recent revival there has resulted in a large accession of heathen to the Church of Christ. The present number of converts on that island alone is 46,759, and in one year they had over 2,000 adult baptisms, with M,866 under instruction.

Padang has a population of 90,000 and with its harbor town Emmahaven, is the future metropolis for west Sumatra. A railway has been opened to Fort de Kock, 87 kilometers distant, through highlands whose rich and varied scenery is among the finest in all Sumatra.

At Padang we visited the Arab quarter and found, as everywhere, the productions of the Cairo Moslem Press on sale. Portraits of Mustapha Kemal and other Turkish heroes adorned private dwellings and shops. The Pan-Islamic spirit found expression even in the labels on match-boxes made in Sweden which pictured the Radja of Stamboul as head of Islam! I met a friendly Hadji, one of the leading Moslems, who received me cordially and s-poke fluent Arabic. He is a progressive Liberal, has organized a school for boys and girls under a Committee, which' assisted by the Government has put up a building costing 80,000 guilders. Two Dutch schoolmistresses are employed in addition to the teachers of Arabic and Malay. Four hundred pupils attend in the morning, and nearly four hundred others in the afternoon. I was invited to address the school and THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT SIPOHOAN, SUMATRA

spoke on the Principles of Civilization, and the Ethics of Jesus Christ. This school is coeducational.

On Friday August 25th our steamer arrived at Sibolga. This port is 200 miles beyond Padang, and nearly 800 miles from Batavia. The Rhenish mission house and church are beautifully located just outside the city of Sibolga. -When we arrived a confirmation class was in session 'lnd during our stay we learned something of the strnggle in this part of Sumatra between Islam and Christianity for the pagan tribes. Thp story of the conflict, its character and its results, has been told by Simon in his well-known book, already quoted.

On Augllst 26th, we left by government auto for Sipirok, a distance of 127 kilometres. Arriving the same day, we passed many villages, each having a church as well as a mosque. The station at Sipirok is one of the oldest of the Rhenish Mission. They now count 5,000 Christians in this one group of churches. The preparation given catechumens for baptism is very thorough. Islam is still active in its opposition and sometimes defiant. But the missionaries are not discouraged. On Sunday morning, we went to Boenga-Bandar to attend the annual mission fest. The church was crowded and the free-will offering good. 'Ve met a group of Moslems that evening. The following day we visited the great leper colony at Situmba with Mr. and Mrs. Link. The next day I visited Pargareotan and the work of the Java committee. There two missionaries are doing good work but isolated from their brethren of the Rhenish Mission ecclesiastically so that this little station seems like an island of Dutch work in the midst of the Rhenish field. Via Simatorkas, we returned to Sibolga, in a Ford car filled with a half dozen passengers.

The Moslems of Sibolga are in close touch with Mecca. We spoke with a number of Hadjis, and saw Cairo newspapers in their shops.

On September 1st we left for Pearadja, following the new highway built by the Government and crossing the great mountain range with its marvelous beauty of scenery before one enters the tableland surrounding picturesque Lake Toba. A short distance from' the main highway and near Pearadja is the monument erected to the two American missionaries, Munson and Lyman, pioneers of the American Board who were killed and eaten by cannibals in 1834. I secured a photograph of the monument with its simple inscription: John 16: 1-3 (and then in Battak), "The Blood of Martyrs is the Seed of the Church." The first Batak convert, Jacobus, is still living. He was baptized in 1861. Today there are over 216,000 Batak Christians. What hath God wrought!

Dr. J ohannus Warneck met me on my arrival and the days of fellowship with him were memorable. 'Ve had a conference of all the workers at the station; I visited their theological seminary and

1924J A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND JAVA

training school and preached in the great church which seats 1,500 people. The progress of the work among the Bataks has been almost too rapid and the results too great for the strength of the workers.

The church will need time and the missionaries patience for the full development of the work. It is hard to pass from the stone age to the 20th century in one generation; from fibre thread and thorn needles to the use of the Singer sewing machine; from the wax dip to electric lights; from being the son of a cannibal chief to becoming a chauffeur of a Christian missionary. Yet there are the facts in spite of the laws of evolution. ."

Two Christian papers are published at Sipohoan where also the theological school and seminary are located. On September 5, Dr.

Warneck accompanying me, we visited Lagoeboeti and Balige, with its large industrial school for boys and girls. The large leper asylum, Hoeta Salem, with 500 inmates is a wonderful testimony to faith and enterprise. Missionary K. Lotz and his family welcomed us at their home at Sianter. There also we met Mr. Oechsli of the Meth- odist Episcopal Mission which has a very promising Chinese work here. A large meeting was held in the evening and we spoke to the congregation, through an interpreter, on evangelizing their Moslem neighbors. On September 6th, after bidding farewell to Dr. W arneck, ~e took the train for Medan. A full program of meetings had been arranged including a public address at the Hotel Medan, an address before the Moslem Society Boedo Oetomo in Arabic, two addresses in English for the Methodist Mission in their church, a sermon in the Reformed Church in Dutch, and closing with a conference on September 12th held in the Hervormde Kerk for all the Christian workers of the city. Twenty-five were present. After discussion of the occupation of Sumatra, it was found that the total number of missionaries in the whole island was as follows: Dutch Clergy, 3; Dutch Baptist Society, 1 ; Java Committee, 2; Rhenish Mission, 45; Methodist Episcopal Mission, 8; Nederlands Zending Genootschaap, 4; Salvation Army, 10; American A.dventist, 6; a total of 79. It was arranged to appoint a small committee to encourage closer co- operation especially in prayer and for the production and distribu- tion of literature for Moslems and native Christians.

Only seventy-nine foreigu workers for the whole of this great field where the harvest is dead ripe and so many rich sheaves have been garnered! "And the isles shall wait for his law." How 10ng1 If anyone doubts the power of the. Gospel, its miracle working-power today, let him go to Sumatra.

A CHORUS OF WALDENSTAN CHRISTIANS AT THE UNVEILING OF THE

MEMORIAL, TORRE PELLICE, ITALY The New Italy and the Old Gospel BY FREDERIC S. GOODMAN, NE W YORK Secretary of the American Waldensian Aid Society PROBABLY no country in Europe has been so radically recon- structed in the past two years as Italy. While the old Italy, with its art, its music, its historic ruins and fascinating history, its natural and its artificial beauty are there, a new life is throbbing everywhere. Mussolini's motto, "Our Country and Not Ourselves," has become a word of power, far beyond the membership of the men who have taken the solemn oath of the Fascisti.

There is a new industrialism in Italy, which will have tremendous economic and political significance in the neal' future. Waste of every sort is under the ban, and efficiency has become the watchword.

There is a new imperialism, which, when accompanied by the new spirit in industry, may become a menace to the peace of Europe, if not of the world. One need only to call to mind the sad events of last August and September, to see the force of these statements. Italy needs, more than at any day in her recent history, the inspiring, the guiding, the restraining influence of a vital and vitallizing religious life. Papini, who has a tremendous vogue among his own countrymen, says a true word, in t.he Introduction to his" Life of Jesus Christ": "There never was a time more cut. off from Christ than ours, nor one which needed Him more."

There is a new aggressiveness in the Roman Catholic Church in all parts of the world, and especially in Italy. In some lands 35()

THE NEW ITALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL

such as France, this takes the form of a vigorous assault on materialism, rather than on Protestantism. The Vatican realizes the changes which have come over Europe since the Armistice, especially in the Roman Catholic countries.

There is in Italy a religious minority, which, for seven long centuries, in a -marvelous way, has stood for and has been willing to die for, religious liberty. It has held tenaciously to the essentials of the Apostolic faith, as it has understood it. The Waldensian Church is the only Italian Protestant movement, which can be called a national Church. Its evangelical faith enables it to help its loved fatherland at this time of special need. This Church believes firmly: 1. That God is a loving Father who cares for all of His children, even when they ignore Him.

WALDENSIAN YOUTH BETWEEN SCHOOL SESSIONS IN THE GERMANASCA VALLEY 2. That Jesus Christ is a living Redeemer, mighty to save individuals, as well as communities and nations and civilization itself from the frightful results of sin and that there is no other Redeemer.

3. That the Spirit of the Living God is an omnipotent and omnipresent personal power, who will enter into the life of any man or group of men who will meet the conditions, and make that man or that group the channel of mighty blessing and power.

4. That there is far reaching reality in fellowship with God and with men through the means of common worship and the unfettered use of the Holy Scriptures.

5. That personal faith in such a Father, through such a Saviour, freely and steadily exercised is invincible, and overcomes every spiritual foe. This is far more than intellectual assent.

6. That love for Christ. shed abroad in the heart, by the Spirit of God, is equal to every spiritual strain. The hard command of Jesus, "love your enemies, and pray for those who persecute you," has

been fulfilled countless times, by the vValdensians, during the persecutions of seven centuries.

7. That on every saved sinner there rests the sobering responsibility to bear witness to the love, mercy and grace of the living Saviour, to everyone within the scope of his influence.

The study of Waldensian history, their covenants, and their creeds, warrants the statement that no body of Christians, under equally trying circumstances, more fully prove their right to be called followers of our Lord and Redeemer, Jesus Christ.

Italy, and all Europe needs nothing so much as demonstrated Christ-ianity, good will, confidence, unselfish service, expressed in the THE WALDENSIAN CAPITAL, TORRE PELLICE, IN THE VANDOIS VALLEYS, NORTH ITALY sphere of one's daily calling, industrial, economic, social, religious_ As Principal Cairns, Moderator of the United Free Church of Scot- land, has recently said, "Jesus Christ is the only Personality in the world Who is not bankrupt."

T1le'Naldensian Church, though only a small minority of the population of Italy, is eminently fitted to render timely and signifi- cant service to New Italy. Why? – 1. It is the only indigenous, national Protestant movement, of Italians, by Italians and for Italians.

2. It has an historic background of great significance, not only to Italy, but to evangelical churches in all lands. It was born, nurtured, and preserved in sorrow and suffering. It has paid in blood for its convictions. The records of the Waldenses, especially in the Valleys have a powerful influence over its sons and daughters, and,

THE NEW rfALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL

they elect the work of Christ at home and abroad, in a far large: proportion than do young men and women in other lands, within my knowledge.

3. It has a simple, democratic, and efficient form of organization. A very large place is given to the layman, though the standard of ministerial training is high.

4. It is intensely missionary. In spite of poverty, and unceasing opposition, political and religious, it has steadily pressed down from the Valleys, since the" emancipation" in 1848, until it has planted churches in more than fifty Italian /Cities, with out-stations and Sunday-schools in over one hundred other points.

5. It is successfully teaching the Bible and preac~ing the good news. Of this statement many new evidences are on file in the Waldensian headquarters in New York.

6. The Waldensians, to a very great degree have practiced that difficult command of our Lord, "Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you." They are winning, slowly but surely, the favor. of the Government, and of their neighbors, by their good will and patient endurance of wrongs and restrictions.

This ancient Church has before it the most challenging opportunity of its history and deserves the sympathy and financial backing of American lovers of an Open Bible and of the evangelical faith.

WALDENSIAN CHURCH (CORNELIUS BAKER MEMORIAL) IN ROME Outstanding Events of the Past Year A. Mission Board Symposiwrn on the TVark as Seen from the Point of View of the Secretary's Desk LTAST January, a letter went from the office of the REVIEW, to thirty-six secretaries of the Home and Foreign Mission Boards, asking for brief reports on the most outstanding and important events of the past year in connection with their work on the mission field or at the home base.

The study of the twenty-two replies received from Board secretaries reveals some interesting facts. There is no note of pessimism though there are some in a minor key. Some secretaries find it very difficult to pick out any outstanding event, but report progress along several lines. Only one Board refers to the doctrinal controversy which is disturbing a number of the denominations and only one speaks of opposition on the field. Only two Boards mention financial difficulties, while five report encouraging gains in receipts. Seven rejoice over the opening of new fields or new stations and five write that the opening of new hospitals or schools marks a new advance. Seven are encouraged by signs of spiritual awakenings and an increasing number of converts. Fonr refer to the Japanese earthquake, its losses, and the effect on Christian missions. Three Boards find of special importance the reorganization of their work at home and four report more or less radical reorganization of the work on the field. Five Boards dwell on the development of the native Christian churches in self-government and self-support, and point out the need for better trained leaders. Anniversaries loom large as the outstanding events in the history of two Boards.

Possibly some of the Boards not heard from could report very encouraging and outstanding signs of progress, while others may be silent because tbey have nothing of interest to report. It is exceedingly valuable to survey periodically the work for which one is responsible 'and to note down what has been done that has been worth while. Records are valuable in giving an account of one's stewardship. Sometimes a survey reveals clearly a lack of vision and a definite policy on the part of the leaders. At times, one realizes the need for better generalship and greater dependence on God for leadership and spiritual power. Sometimes we come to realize through such a review that our eyes and our efforts have been fixed on earthly things that are insignificant and transitory and we feel more keenly the need for the inspiration of a greater task undertaken in the name of our divine Lord. In other cases, we are humbled as we stand in amazed gratitude at the way in which God has wrought wonders in conjunction with our feeble efforts and in spite of our. shortcomings.

354

1924J OUTSTANDING EVEN'l'S OF THE PAST YEAR

The letters printed below should be read by all interested in the great world-wide work of Christ. Through them many may be inspired to greater faith, to greater self-sacrifice and to more devo~ tion in prayer, in giving and in service, to fulfil the will of God among men.

The Seventh-day Adventists "Probably the most significant event indicating remarkable progress is the advancement evidenced in the stress-ridden portions of Europe. In the sections that have been passing through the great- est hardships, we are getting the most converts. In those areas we have been realizing greater gains in converts than in any other di- vision of our world organization. While Europe has been passing through the valley of the shadow for many years, yet, during those same years, our work has marched forward in a way that seems miraculous.

"In old Russia our net gain in converts for the first three quar- ters of 1923 was 2,213. Roumania reports 921 souls for 1923. The European Division reports over 10,000 baptisms for the year.

Neither Bolshevism nor famine, poverty nor hardship is able to pre- vent the progress of the Gospel. We feel grateful to God for the re- markable achievements by a small army of faithful soul-winners in the distressed portions of Europe.

"Reports from heathen lands contain such outstanding features as this word from the general director in the Far East: 'In the Phil- ippines the baptisms for 1923 were 1,029.' This echo comes from Central Africa: 'During 1923 the Zambesi field increased its mem- bership more than one thousand.' And so from every part of the world the cheering word of unprecedented advancement is reaching our Foreign Mission Board. B. E. BEDDOE.

Washington, D. C.

Amerioan Baptist Foreign Missions 1. The year has been remarkable for the record of evangelistic achievements. A total of 18,415 converts was added to the membership of the churches by baptism during the preceding statistical year. This is the largest total ever reported in a single year in the 110 years of the society's history.

2. Another significant event was the reduction in the accumulated deficit, which by unexpected larger income from various sources, and through a substantial reduction in expenditures, was reduced from $914,262.50 to $661,540.10.

3. In view of the blessing upon the evangelistic preaching tour in Czechoslovakia during the preceding summer, the Board sent to the Baltic States one of its members, Dr. S. "V. Cummings, for a similar preaching tour during the summer of 1923. He addressed

thousands of people and hundreds were brought to a saving knowl- edge of Jesus Christ.

4. The year 1923 must also record an unparalleled disaster in foreign missionary effort occasioned by the Japan earthquake, which damaged and destroyed property consisting of the '1'okyo Tabernacle, Mabie Memorial School, four Baptist churches, five missionary resi- dences and several other buildings, involving a total loss of ap- proximately $500,000. Never in its history has the society been called upon to face such a staggering blow to its work.

5. The encouraging development of self-support on the foreign field, in that now 61 per cent of the churches are entirely self-sup- porting, gives promise of still further development under proper mis- sionary leadership. Furthermore, the thousands of new converts must be wisely shepherded, and leaders from among them must be trained, so that in the days to come the new churches may grow rapidly to self-support and become centers for yet broader exten- sion of the faith.

New York City. P. H. J. LERRIGO.

New York American Baptist Home Mission A heartening undercurrent of evangelism has been noticeable in the work of all of the departments of the society during the past twelve months. Special evangelistic effort, accompanied by baptisms in every church in the state, has been adopted as the goal of the Oommittee on Evangelism in many states. A new vision of the possibilities of lay-evangelism has been grasped after our several Oonferences on Evangelism. The plan includes the appointment in every association of a given state of a layman whose duty it shall be to secure one layman in each church to cooperate with the pastor in the carrying forward of a special evangelistic campaign within the church.

Gracious revivals have awakened many towns in Eastern Ouba during the past two years. Students at EI Cristo College have become followers of Ohrist almost without exception. The native pastors trained by our American missionaries in Oentral American republics are continually leading groups of Ohristians into neighboring towns to make new converts.

Thirty students in the Mexican Boys' High School at Saltillo, Mexico, have declared an intention to study for the ministry.

Accompanying the generous gifts of money by Indians for the support of Bacone Oollege and Murrow Indian Orphanage, there have been consecrations of young Indian lives to Ohrist and His service. During December, 1923, a series of evangelistic meetings resulted in thirty-two baptisms at Bacone and there are now only two students who are not professing Ohristians.

Among the Kiowa Indians a spiritual movement developed

EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

through the positive stand for righteousness on the part of leading men and women that resulted in new converts won to Christ and many pledges made for Christian service. OUARLES L. WHITE.

New York City.

Southern Baptist-Foreign Missions There has not been, to my knowledge, any incident or develop- ment in our foreign mission work worthy of special attention.

Persecutions of our Baptist people in RJoumania continue. This will, I judge, be hard for Roumania to explain to the satisfaction of the American public after the agreement which Roumania entered into with the Allies when her present territorial boundaries were recognized.

There has lately been imprisonment of some of our Baptist men in Russia where the unsettled state of affairs gives us great anxiety. J. F. LOVE.

Richmond. Virgin'ia.

American Friend&-Foreign Missions Among the significant events of the past year on Friends' for- eign mission fields are the following: 1. The opening of a theological department in connection with the school at Holguin, Oriente, Cuba. Five young men are availing themselves of the opportunity to prepare for positions of leadership in the Cuba Church.

2. The church in Jamaica has experienced a phenomenal growth in the matter of self-support and in educational and evangelistic work. An enlarged church and school building program has been carried to completion.

3. The growth of the Normal Training School and Girls' Board- ing School in East Africa. Between forty and fifty young men—;- some the sons of chiefs and headmen-have entered upon a course of study which will prepare them to minister to the needs of their own people. More than thirty girls have been in attendance at the Girls' School in spite of the opposition on the part of some parents, headmen and others to advanced education for girls.

4. The growing eagerness of the Mohammedans and Protestants in Palestine for education. Friends are conducting day schools in six Mohammedan villages north of Jerusalem. Ohristian teachers are used and the people eagerly send their children for instruction.

-,.,~ Richmond, Indiana. B. WILLIS BEEDE.

d.F The Christian Reformed Church ~ Our little denomination does not havl'l big things to tell as other org~nizlttiomJ, but perhltp!l the following may interest you.

There are at present eight Christian Reformed llllssionaries in China, one of them at the Nanking Language School, and seven engaged in work in the city of Jukao, Province of Kiangsu.

Besides these workers in China, the Church has some 27 workers among the Indians of the Southwest, four stations being on the Navajo field and one station among the Zuni Indians, both in New Mexico, and two Hebrew mission plants-one in Paterson, N. J., and one in Chicago, Ill. At Hoboken, N. J., we maintain a Home for sailors and immigrants.

HENRY BEETS.

Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Church of the Brethren (Dunker) The oustanding new work of the denomination along missionary lines is the opening of work in Nigeria. Early in 1923 Rev. Albert D.

Helser and Rev. H. Stover Kulp entered Nigeria. as an investigation commission for the Church of the Brethren. 'I'hey selected a site in the Bornu Province and have secured permission from the Government to conduct a school at Garkida.

Work well established in India by a force of sixty missionaries and in China by fifty American workers is prospering in a normal way. In India there has been a distinct movement to emphasize the Indian Church more and the Mission less. The foundation for the new vocational school was laid and this will be invaluable since it is realized so keenly that the hand must be better trained to help carry out the Christian impulses of the heart.

Elgin, Illinois. H. SPRNCER MINNICH.

The Church of God "In the following paragraph we relate an event that, in our particular work, looms rather large.

" 'On Sept. 1, 1914, there was opened in Cuttack, India, under Miss E. Faith Stewart, a home for girls known as "The Shelter." Since it was established "The Shelter" has rescued more than one hundred of these girls, who, taken from the temples and dens of vice ·while very young and before they had entered lives of sin, were thus in a condition to be trained to lives of morality and Christian usefulness.

" 'But this institution is for girls only. Hence, Miss Stewart's heart was stirred for the need of the many orphan boys in India who need a place of shelter and an opportunity for Christian education. Money and workers having been provided for this purpose, the Boys' Home was opened sometime during the summer of 1923. The beginning was small, but as there are plenty of boys on whom to work in the Province of Orissa, the growth will be limited only by

OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

the workers and the means available. This institution will also provide husbands for the girls of the Shelter. J. W. PHELPS.

Anderson, Indiana.

Christian and Missionary Alliance During the year 1923 the Christian and Missionary Alliance was enabled to open mission stations in four distinct language groups where no resident missionary work had ever previously been carried on and no message of the Gospel was being given. These groups are: Ca.mbodia, where we opened a station in Pnom Penh, the capital, in January, 1923, and have since baptized the first Cam- bodian converts. Later in the year another station was opened at Battambang, each of these occupied by a married couple. Cambodia has a population of over a million and a half and we are glad for the privilege of carrying the Gospel to them.

The other three groups are in French Vest Africa and include the Poula or ]j'outa group, in j1"rench Guinea, numbering 655,000 principally Mohammedans, in which we have opened two stations- Mamou and Labe; the Senoufo tribe, numbering with the related group of Habes 450,000, with a station at Sikasso in French Soudan j and the Bobo tribe, a practically naked pagan tribe of 308,000, with the main station at Bob-Dioulasso. Funds for the carrying on of the Bobo work are being given through the Alliance treasury by a missionary society of an Evangelical Conference in Pennsylvania.

In the last two years our missionaries have been enabled to open thirty-two new stations principally in hitherto unoccupied regions and in doing this only one previously occupied station was closed to the work and turned over by arrangement with another society.

Through an exploration trip made by Rev. H. B. Dinwiddie~ Co-Secretary in our Foreign Department and also Secretary of the Pioneer Mission Agency, and Rev. G. P. Simmonds, for many years one of our missionaries in Ecuador, and by a survey made by R. B.

Clark of our Brazil Mission in a trip from Iquitos through Central Peru to Lima, information has been secured regarding the Oriente and upper Amazon region and portions of Peru, where there are many Indians with no message of the Gospel and steps are being taken to enter within the next few months different portions of the territory surveyed. A. C. SNEAD.

New York City.

Congregational-The American Board It may not be possible to point with assurance to "the most outstanding fact or event" in connection with our work during the year 1923, but one inclines to remark the progress in native leadership on the several fields as the significant outcome of the year.

The process of transferring responsibility from mISSIOnaries to native leaders has been going on for years. The elevation of qualified Christians in India, China, or elsewhere, to positions of trust and administrative power was begun long before 1923; but in this last year the process has gone forward more widely, with in- creasing rapidity, and in more systematic fashion. Mission organi- zation has been restricted or revised so as to provide for a real devolution.

The Marathi Mission in India has created an Indian Mission Board, made up largely of pastors and leading laymen with but two missionary representatives, which has taken over the care of the church life and of elementary school development in one section of the field. An Indian educator has succeeded to the headship of the Mission high school in the city of Bombay. In our South Indian fields the care of districts and of stations formerly in charge of resi- dent missionaries is now transferred to the hands of Tamil leaders.

In North China, in addition to strengthening the organization of the Council which is the supervising and directing body for the whole Mission enterprise in that large field, two Chinese educational supervisors have been secured in place of the foreign supervisor originally called for to guide in school development.

In Japan, where the Kumiai churches have been independent and self-determining for many years, in 1923 the Mission transferred to the organization of these churches the care of the churches that were the outgrowth of its work and had been dependent in part upon its grants in aid. They transferred also the funds which had been employed in aiding the churches to the holding and distribution of this organization, contentedly accepting the limited representation of two members of the Mission in the body of control.

Boston, Mass. W. E. STRONG.

Methodist Episcopal Church, South On my recent visit to the Orient I noted two great awakenings everywhere manifest, intellectualism and nationalism. These facts call for a swift spread of Christian id'eals, lest this generation should fix standards and loose forces that will set the clock of civilization back a century.

The Church of the Orient is taking form; it is becoming indigenous; it is growing in self-consciousness, self-respect and a sense of power and responsibility. The development of a native leadership will more and more shape and direct the Church of the future. Together with the development of the native leadership, the past year records a distinct upward step in self-support.

In the light of these lines of development, perhaps the most outstanding achievement of the past year is the organization by the China mission conference of a mi,ssion of its own in Manchuria. The

OUTSTANDING EVE~TS OF THE PAST YEAR

money has already been raised by the Chinese and the mission opened .under the joint superintendency of a foreigner and a native worker. This is the first instance in our missionary annals of a foreign mission field so catching the spirit of Christ that the natives themselves established another mission.

The revival movement which swept Shanghai recently stands out as a notable example of progress. This was a union revival, organized, financed and operated by the Chinese. The preaching was done by the Rev. Z. T. Kaung, a Methodist. As a result of his work more than 1,500 conversions were recorded in less than two weeks, and the crowds were so great that by order of the municipal police the doors of the city hall, where the meetings were held, were closed at a certain hour, because of overcrowding.

At home we have emerged from the Centenary regime with credit and with a forward reach. During the past five years South- ern Methodists have added to their responsibility 20,000,000 people, a new continent, and four flelds to their territory, with four new languages in which the Gospel must be preached. We have almost doubled our missionary force. The foreign mission program is three times as great as in 1918; and we are at a point to shape up and mobilize the forces for a great forward look in the field of missions.

NashviUe, Tenn. W. W. PINSON.

The Moravians The events which seem of importance to us in our mission work may appear rather humdrum to those accustomed to deal with large affairs.

In Alaska the work among the Kuskokwim Eskimos shows a net gain of exactly 200. ·When one realizes that these are really "handpicked"-won "one by one" it is a remarkable increase. The total Eskimo membership is now 2,125.

The outstanding administrative feature was the authorization of the building of a motor boat at a cost of $15,000. This is very important ·since there are no roads in the Kukskokwim District and all travel between the widely scattered stations, outstations and preaching places must be done by dogsled in winter and boat in summer.

In Nicaragua the Moravians are working among the Creoles and among the Sumu and Miskito Indians. A remarkable work of grace has been going on, especiaUy among the Indians of the upper coast, which has continued now for more than two years. Adult heathen are crowding in and pleading for baptism. In 1921 the net increase was 652; in 1922, 446; in 1923, 633, and now several hUl1dred are under instruction for baptism. The total membership is 10,107.

This is the largest work among the Indians of Central America car- ried on by any church anywhere. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ.

Bethlehem, Pa.

3

Presbyterians, North-Foreign As to the most outstanding facts or events in connection with our missionary work during the year 1923, I would suggest the fol- lowing (in addition to the reorganization of our Board to include the Woman's Board): 1. The plans for the organization of the Union Mission in Meso- potamia to be jointly maintained and administered by the Reformed Church in America, the Reformed Church in the United States, the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., and also it is hoped the South- ern Presbyterian Church and the United Presbyterian Church.

2. The opening of the hearts of the Japanese people and the removal of suspicion and international distrust by the great out- pouring of American friendship and goodwill in connection with the earthquake relief.

3. The return of the Assyrian Christians and of the missionaries .to Urumia and the beginning of the reestablishment of the Church there.

4. The securer establishment· of the new Mission of the Church in Southern· Yunnan among the Tai people. ROBERT E. SPEER.

New York City.

Its object was to rescue from the public brothels of the Province of Orissa, young girls who had been trapped and taken there, or sold to such a life by their parents; as well as little girls who had been married to the gods in the temples.

Presbyterian Board of National Missons Without doubt, the most outstanding event in connection with the work of National Missions during the year 1923 was the organiza- tion in May of that year of the Board of National Missions. There was thus created a great inclusive National organization charged by the General Assembly with responsibility for all of the work of the evangelization of the home land. Home Missions was one of the earliest concerns of the Presbyterian Church. It was a concern of the first Presbytery, the first Synod and of the first General As- sembly. The General Assembly of 1802 appointed the first Standing Committee on Home Missions and the original Board of Missions was organized in 1816.

The year has necessarily been one of transition and reorganiza- tion. A new operating organization has had to be built in which all of the interests of all of the cooperating agencies have had to be conserved. This initial task is now carried to the point where with the beginning of the new fiscal year the National Board is enabled to energetically prosecute its task to win America for Christ.

New York. H. N. MORSE.

1924J OUTSTANDING- EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

The Presbyterian Church (South)-Foreign Among the most outstanding facts or events in the history of our Southern Presbyterian foreign mission work I briefly mention: 1. The fact that in spite of the large dependence of our Treasury on those engaged in cotton raising, and the ravages of the boll weevil in that industry, there has been no falling off, but on the con- trary an encouraging gain of approximately $150,000 in contributions up to the present date as compared with last year.

2. The present year marks the beginning of a new departure in our Mission administration in the appointment of three women as full voting members of our Board.

3. While our work has been disturbed by the Modernist-Funda- mentalist controversy, so far only in one case has any charge of doctrinal unsoundness been brought against any of our missionaries, and in this case the one implicated, after undergoing the most thorough investigation, received a unanimous vote of confidence from his Presbytery. S. H. CHESTER.

Nashville, Tenn.

Presbyterian Church (South) Home Missions (1) The year began with an indebtedness that increased until it aggregated $119,000, which was entirely wiped out leaving a small balance with which to begin the new current year.

(2) It witnessed the greatest Building Era in its history, which made demands upon Church Erection funds far beyond the financial ability of the Executive Committee, compelling it to decline applica- tions for help totalling nearly $200,000. This, however, did not prevent a Forward Movement in Church Erection which was in- augurated by appropriations for San Antonio; Texas involving a building outlay of $100,000. This is a specimen of similar operations to extend to a dozen other cities.

(3) The su.mmary of results reveals additions to the church, through the agency of Assembly'S Home Missions on profession of faith, aggregating 10,352 and by letter 4,967, making a total of 14,419.

(4) New equipment provided during the year for its mission work gives Stillman Institute for Negroes at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Oklahoma Presbyterian College for Indians at Durant, Oklahoma, Stuart Robinson Institute for mountaineers in Kentucky their larg- ost capacity for service; while the $50,000 raised for the Mexican Girls School in Texas assures the sUCjCess of this new institution, at least in the first unit of its building operation.

Atla!J'!ta, Georgia. S. L. MORRIS.

l'resbyterian Church in Canada In our ten Foreign Mission fields the years 1918 to 1923 have been amongst the most encouraging years of our history. Famine relief in Honan in 1922 introduced a new era. The Chinese seem now to have got rid of the thought that foreigners were there for some sinister purpose, political or personal. One of our mission- aries reported that he had examined 2,000 candidates and enrolled 1,000 of them, asking the other 1,000 to delay for further study and conference. Another missionary also reports that he cannot oveI'take the number seeking examination. The barriers seem to have been broken down and the dooI's stand open. In Honan, when churches do not exist and the weather is not suitable for street preaching, tents are pitched and good audiences are secured, after- noon and evening, for ten days or two weeks and then our workers move on to another place.

The Jubilee of th~ North Formosa Mission was celebrated last year and reports come of a responsiveness there not known before.

Students have organized themselves into volunteer bands, and go out to villages round about for evangelistic work.

The Semi-Jubilee was celebrated last year in our Korea Mis- sion and the Korean Church manifests enthusiasm and enlarged out- look.

Toronto, Oanada. R P. MACKAY.

l'rotestant Episcopal Church The Protestant Episcopal Church feels that a new epoch in its missionary work in Japan began in December, 1923, with the consecration to the offiq,e of Bishop of Rev. Joseph S. Motoda, Ph.D., D.D., of the Diocese of Tokyo and Rev. Yasutaro Naide, D.D., as Bishop of Osaka. ':1.'0 quote the words of Bishop McKim: For the first time in the history of the missions of the Churches of the Anglican Communion, a native Church in Japan has created a self- supporting diocese, has elected its own Bishop under its own canons, and has become an integral branch of the Anglican Communion tm equal standing with its sister churches of England and America.

New York City. A. B. PARSON.

Reformed Church in America-Foreign In the Arcot Mission, India, the outstanding event from an administrative point of view is the organization by our Arcot Mission of the Arcot Assembly with a Constitution and By-Laws. This is perhaps the most advanced organized response within the churches of our missions to the new spirit that is running through the great countries of Asia. The stirring among these keen minds of the Orient of new ideas, particularly since the great V,rar, has influenced them, not only in their political life but in their religious as well.

1924J OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

The indigenous churches which have grown up in those countries have been moved by the challenge to self-determination and they have been endeavoring to express it in ways that have called out the sympathy and cooperation of the missionaries.

This Arcot Assembly is made up of the members of the Arcot Mission, the officers of the Indian Church Board, pastors of churches and other ordained ministers, headmasters and headmistresses of leading educational institutions, Indian representatives of the hospitals and laymen representatives of the communicant membership of the churches.

An outstanding event in Japan in which our Mission has had an active part has been the final organization after several years of anxious consideration of a Joint Evangelistic Board, made up of representatives of the Church of Christ in Japan aud of the cooper- ating Reformed-Presbyterian Missions, for the conduct of evangelis- tic work within the boundaries of the Churph and the cooperating Missions.

In the new mission field in Mesopotamia a forty-foot motor boat has been put into service to carry the gospel message along the rivers and canals and channels, to the tens of thousands of Arabs living in villages and hamlets and camps dotting all the water courses.

With the help of the Milton Stewart Evangelistic Fund a kero- sene motor boat was purchased from the British army for about $1,000 and has been named the "Milton Stewart." A cabin has been fitted up in the after part so that Mr. and Mrs. Dykstra can live on her for a month at a time.

New York City. WM.1. CHAMBERLAIN.

Reformed Church in America-Domestic It seems to me that the outstanding development in our work during the year 1923 was that connected with the growth of some cities and communities which are centers of influence for the Re- formed Church and which have called for a work of Church Extension of unusual size and scope. In the East this condition especially applies to the Metropolitan District, including Suburban New Jersey, Long Island and Staten Island. In this field the opportunities for extension have been limited only by the financial support the Board has been able to give. The same condition applies in the .Middle West, in and about the cities of Gran~ Rapids, Muskegon and HoI- land, :Michigan, and Chicago, Illinois. The willingness of people to support new church enterprises in these and other communities would seem to demonstrate that the average person does not want to live in a churchless community and that there is abiding interest in spiritual matters. "WM. T. DEMAREST.

New York City.

United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) The most outstanding event in connection with our missionary work during the year 1923 was the raising of the Dr. A. L. Shelton Memorial Fund of $100,000 and the sending out of a new group of seven missionaries to Batang on the Tibetan border. This group con- sists of two evangelistic families, one medical family, and a trained nurse. This will lead to the strengthening of the Tibet station where we have a hospital, a Christian school and an orphanage, and will also make possible the opening of another station in the near future on the border. The fund is over-subscribed and a far larger group of young people would have been glad to go if we could have sent them. STEPHEN J. COREY.

St. Louis, Missoztt"i.

United Lutherans-Foreign Missions The outstanding event in connection with the foreign missionary work of the United Lutheran Church in America during the year 1923 was the effort to raise at least $300,000 as a Foreign Mission Forward Fund. This goal will be reached if all pledges are paid.

It is the purpose of the Board to cancel its indebtedness of $175,000 and to use the rest of its money for advance work in the foreign fields.

Negotiations are pending for the transfer of the Shantung Mis- sion Field of the Berlin Society to our Board. This field has three main stations, thirty-three outstations, and before the war there were twenty-eight missionaries in the field.

In India the outstanding event has been the establishment of a Vocational Middle School on the Lam Reserve near Guntur. The Mission is also pushing plans for a United Christian College in the Telugu area to be located at Bezawada. At preilent Noble College at Masulipatam is being used temporarily as a United College.

In Liberia the Lutheran missionaries are pushing backward into the Interior and have opened a new station near the boundary of French Guinea at Zorzor. GEORGE DRACH.

Baltimore, Maryland.

United Lutherans-Home Missions Perhaps the most outstanding fact during the past year was the removal of the headquarters from York, Pennsylvania to Ohicago.

Two other significant events were (1) The division of the West- ern portion of our field with a General Superintendent for the district west of the Rocky Mountains, and (2) a Mission Conference at which the entire directing force of our Home Mission work (General Super- intendents, Synodical and State Superintendents and Field Mission- aries) met with the Board to make a thorough survey of the field and to plan to occupy it more aggressively. JOHN F. SEIBERT.

Chicago, Ill.

OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

United Presbyterians-Foreign The pro-rata foreign missionary giving of our Ohurch per mem- ber is $6.02, including gifts coming in through both the Foreign Board and the Foreign Department of the Women's General Missionary Society.

The most outstanding event in connection with our work abroad in 1923 was the visit of the Oorresponding Secretary, Dr. W. B.

Anderson and the Recording Secretary, Dr. C. S. Oleland, to all our foreign fields-Egypt, the Sudan, Abyssinia and India. In con- nection with their visit to the Indian Mission Rev. H. C. Chambers, who went to India in 1903, was appointed as a General Secretary of the Mission. This is a departure from the previous policy but it is believed that it will result in much good in the way of coordinat- ing and unifying our work throughout the Punjab.

Abyssinia continues to. hold a fascinating missionary interest for the United Presbyterian Ohurch. There are many indications that this field has been directly opened by the hand of God. Although Abyssinia has nominally been Ohristian for many a century, yet it has been most hostile to present-day Ohristianity. The Abyssinians have at last welcomed American Ohristian missionaries into their land and after four years of occupation the United Presbyterian Ohurch has there a foreign staff of nine couples and six single women, located in three stations, Sayo, Gore and Addis Abeba. Last year, Dr. Lambie, the pioneer missionary in this field, returned to the capital with a $50,000 gift to which $17,000 has since been added, and is erecting a modern hospital in Addis Abeba with the hearty cooperation of the Regent. Over seventy converts have already been reported from this new field, indicating that God has in a special way placed the seal of His approval upon the opening of this work.

Philadelphia, Pa. MILLS J. TAYLOR.

United Presbyterians-Home Board In the matter of policy it is worthy of note that during the past year our three denominational Boards doing work in the Home field have been merged into one under the corporate name of "The Board of Home Missions of the United Presbyterian Ohurch of North America," which now carries three departments-" Home Missions, Ohurch Erection, and Work Among Negroes."

Special financial difficulty has been encountered during the year 1923, since the cost of organizing and maintaining mission stations has greatly increased-ahnost doubled in the last five or six years.

On the other hand, our Home Mission Board has never been confronted with so many splendid opportunities of organizing and developing mission congregations. 'Where we have been enabled to do so, splendid results have fonowed.

Pittsburgh, Pa. R. A. HUTClilSON.

Results of Christianity in

BY GALEN M. FISHER, M. A., NEW YORK Author of "Creative Forces in Japan." Formerly Y. M. C. A. Secretary in Japan.

O NE is reassured as to the stability of the Christian Movement in Japan by becoming acquainted with outstanding living Japanese leaders, such as those mentioned below. Japan is said to have been the first Asiatic country to have a "native" bishop for a Protestant communion. Bishop Honda was the man (or one might well say, the saint) elected to fill the office when, in 1908, the united Japan Methodist Church was formed. He has been followed by two other able men, Bishop Hiraiwa and the present incumbent Bishop Usaki, who, by the way, is a worthy graduate of Vanderbilt University.

This year, at length, after years of preparation, the Anglican church in Japan (Seikokai) consecrated Rev. Dr. S. Motoda and Rev. Dr. Naide as its first Japanese bishops. Like a number of other Seikokai leaders, Bishop Motoda owes a great deal to two early American Episcopal missionaries, Dr. Tyng and Bishop Williams. For collegiate and graduate study he went to U. S. A., taking his doctorate in sociology. Bishop Motoda has won his spurs not only as an educator but as a prolific writer and lecturer. His catholic spirit and judicial poise have made him unusually effective in interdenominational enterprises.

In the Nihon Kiris1do Kyokai (Presbyterial) the foremost elder statesman is Pastor ]f. Uemura. He is a master of expository preaching, for, although his pulpit manner is unadorned and quiet, his fresh exegesis, his incisive thrusts at human nature and his widelanging literary allusions give his messages penetrating power. One of the keys to his influence is to be found in his library, gleaned from all land.s, but chiefly British. Dr. John Kelman is an admiring friend of Dr. Uemura's and when calling on him one time he was left in the library a few minutes while Dr. Uemura went to another room. On the reappearance of his host Dr. Kelman exclaimed, "It's gooo you didn't leave me alone with some of these books any longer, or I might not have been able to resist the temptation!" The Fukuin Shimpo (" Gospel News") is the recognized premier among religious weeklies in Japan. It has from the first-for thirty odd years-been edited, managed and owned (and its deficits met) by Dr. Demura. As though the shepherding of the largest congregation in the Empire and the editing of a weekly journal were not enough, he has successfully maintained a theological school and has been for many years chairman of the National Executive Committee of the denomi" nation. When one inquir'es as to the fountainhead of all this pro- 308 ductivity, it appears that young Uemura as a lad studied in the schools of the late Dr. James H. Ballagh (Dutch Reformed) and Dr. Samuel Rollins Brown (Presbyterian). It was due to Dr. Ballagh's influence that he became a Ohristian.

The Kumiai (Congregational) Churches in Japan are rich in a.ble leaders, especially in the first,- and alas-the passing, generabon. Among them the group who came from the famous "Kumamoto Band" stand foremost. rrhis group includes Pastor Kanamori, the "three hour sermon evangelist," so widely known in America, Pastor Miyagawa, the powerful pastor of Osaka, Pres. Ebina, of Doshisha DR. SAKUZO YOSHIMO KA.TINOSUKE !BUKA Professor in Tokyo Imperial University; leader President of Meiji P.aku1n College; chairman in progressive political and reUglouB National Cummittee of Y. M. C. A" Ex-moderator thought ot Presbyterian General Assembly; Ex-chair- m a n of National S. S, Associa.tion.

tTniversity, and his predecessor, Dr. Tasuku Harada, now of the University of Hawaii. Dr. Ebina, president of Doshisha University, has always been more a prophet than a theologian, and his persuasive presentation of the love of the Father and of the Lordship of Jesus Christ has gone far to stop the mouths of gainsayers and to make them thankful that in every way Christ is preached.

One of the greatest gifts of Doshisha to Japan is Oolonel Gumpei Yamamuro, the master mind of the Salvation Army. His funds exhausted, young Yamamuro was on the point of being compelled to leave Doshisha, when a fellow student anonymously paid his fees and enabled him to continue. Some time afterward he learned who had so befriended him, and on asking the reason, found that it was the

love of Christ in the heart of a lad who was peddling milk and eating short rations in order to help him out. Naturally he was deeply touched and was moved in large measure by this incident to become a Christian and give his life to the service of the poor and unfortu- nate. Col. Yamamuro's pen and voice have reached literally millions with a kindling message. His volume, "The Common People's Gospel," has the quality of Spurgeon and Moody. and has gone through countless reprints. As he speaks, even a hearer ignoraut (If Japanese could hardly escape the drawing power of his glowing sympathy and unaffected concern for sin-chained hearts. The growth and standing of the Salvation Army in Japan are due largely to bim, for with extraordinary evan- gelistic gifts, he unites confidence- winning character and shrewd common sense.

In the younger generation of ministers there are a number of able men in each of the denomina- tions. Rev. H. Hatanaka of the Kumiai Church is one. In his boy- hood he was practically adopted by Miss Mary Wainwright of the Congregational Mission and in America he bore the name George Wainwright. Her unstinted ef- forts on his behalf have borne rich fruitage. After graduating from Oberlin College and Theological Seminary he had the distinction of SOICRI SAITO serving with success as a Boys National General Secretary of tbe Y. M. C. A. Secretary in Pittsburgh Y. 11. C. of Japan A. among American boys. He was equally successful in similar work among Japanese boys at Osaka.

But his riper powers found fuller outlet in the pastorate, at Kyoto.

1'here he was for several years the dynamic leader of a large central church embracing alike merchants and students, men, women and ehildren. That he has had a helpmeet of ability in his wife, a grad- uate of a mission college, will have been surmised by readers who know how often the wife is the better half in American pastorates. A few months ago Mr. Hatanaka accepted the insistent call to become Dean of his wife's alma mater, Kobe College. In student conferences he has been an especially effective speaker. His exceptional com- mand of English, added to his winsome personality, have made him one of the best interpreters: Dr. J aIm R. Mott spoke through him almost exclusively two years ago.

LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN J APAN

Rev. Toyohiko Kagawa of Kobe, although barely thirty-five, is today one of the most widely read and respected Japanese. His ~).ctivities for the last five years have been manifold: preacher, evan- gelist and lecturer in universal demand, author of sociological, re- ligious and imaginative works of note, including an autobiographical novel which in 1921-22 was a "best seller"; organizer of the -Test- ern Ii'ederation of Labor and of the hitherto helpless and scattered 1enant farmers into a national union. Kagawa is one of the most remarkable examples of the highly multiplicative effects of Christian mlSSlOns. Since the earthquake, he has been giving himself unspar- ingly to relief and evangelistic work among the stricken multi- tudes of the Tokyo slums.

Among the notable Christian laymen, it is difficult to select a few for special mention. Kichi- taro Muramatsu of Kobe went to New York in his youth to study business, and on his first Sunday in the great city attended a church where an incident occurred which leavened his whole life. After the service he was hoping some one would greet him, and at length a kindly gentleman did so, in the heartiest way, and after inquiring about bis religious and business connections, invited the youth to call at his office in the Twenty- MISS MICHl KAWAI third Street Y. M. C. A. It was National General Secretary of the Y. W.

none otber than the General Secre- c. A .• Japan tary, Robert McBurney, himself once a lonely immigrant from Ireland. Although Mr. Muramatsu never saw Mr. McBurney again, that sympathetic word aroused in him the resolute purpose to dedicate his own life to befriending young IIlen away from home in bis own city of Kobe. To tbat purpose be has been inflexibly true for more than a quarter century. He has lived a busy mercbant's life and bas reared a fine family, but be has at the same time been superintendent of a Sunday-school and president of the city Y. M. C. A. and a leader in the nationwide expansion of tbe Kumiai Churches. Wben the first Association building fund was be- ing launched, he felt that he as president should lead off, so he con- tributed the one thousand yen which he bad been saving in order to

build a home for himself, remarking that the young men of the city needed a home of their own much more than he did.

The ideal woman of Old Japan was seldom seen and never heard, for the home was her first and only sphere. In New Japan women are invading nearly all the occupations alongside of their brothers. They speak and write on domestic and political issues and conduct all sorts of business, educational and philanthropic enterprises. Among the younger Christian leaders, Miss Michi Kawai stands in the front rank. Descended from an unbroken line of Shinto priests stretching back to the time of King Alfred, her father became a Chris- 1ian and sent her to a Presbyterian Mission School, and later to Miss '1'suda's famous Christian college in Tokyo. There she won a competitive scholarship for Bryn Mawr. Today she is the winsome yet aggressive leader of the NationalY. W. C. A., and is known and honored in Europe and America because of her telling addresses at scores of universities and conventions. Since her last visit to Europe she has aroused the Christian women of Japan to give heroically toward the relief of East European students.

Among young men Mr. Soichi Saito holds a place of leadership Hot unlike that of Miss Kawai among women. He is intellectually a product of the government school system but at various stages he has been deeply influenced by missionaries, particularly of his own denomination, the Baptist. During his undergraduate days he took an active part in the Christian Association, and his thoughts were turned toward Christian service by translating Dr. Mott's volume on "The Leadership of the Church." After graduating from the Tokyo Imperial University he taught for nine years in his alma mater, the government junior college at Kumamoto. The Y. M. C. A. leaders all along desired to secure him as a secretary, but refrained from approaching him out of deference to the prior claims of another Christian agency upon him. When, however, he had declined three calls from that agency, the Association called him to the staff of the National Committee. In a short time he became National General ~ecretary, the first Japanese to hold that post. Whether at home or abroad, in China where the Japanese are bitterly suspected, or in Europe where they are little known, his unerring tact, penetrating insight, and courageous optimism have given him an influence beyond his years.

There are also pronounced Christians in high official circles, among them the Hon. N. Watanabe, Chief Justice of the Korean Court of Appeals and the Hon. Hampei Nagao, director of the Tokyo municipal department of lighting and transportation. The quality of Mr. Nagao's Christianity may be judged by an incident in Siberia early in 1919. Four European nations, and China, the U. S. A. and Japan, were there eyeing each other jealously. The Siberian Railwav was utterly broken down. Japan proposed that it should be restored

1924J LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN

under a joint international board, with John F. Stevens of Panama Oanal fame as chairman. Japan's representative was Mr. Nagao. Mr. George Gleason thus tells how he took hold: "On his first night in Siberia we took supper together. 'I didn't want this job,' he said. 'There is too much international politics in it. But my government would not let me resign. I have come over to work with Mr. Stevens. You know him. Is he a Chris- . tian f Because if he is, I will go and have prayer with him, and then I am sure that all of our problems can be solved.'

"Due not a little to the fine Christian spirit injected into that committee by this Japanese engineer, four months later Roland M:orris, the American Ambassador to Japan, was able to say to a group of Osaka business men: 'Every decision of that Technical Board has been unanimous.' "

Mr. Nagao is a man of backbone, not like so many men who put the soft pedal on their religion the moment they become prominent officials. Wherever he has been on duty he has spoken as freely and acted as decisively in support of his Christian convictions as though he were a clergyman. In Kyushu he induced 6,000 of the 8,000 rail- way men under him to sign the temperance pledge. He is an ardent udvocate of church union and when he found the multiplicity of weak churches a handicap to the Christian cause in Moji he brought about a union church equipped with a parish house. Nagao's sterling char- acter and captivating personality win friends for his Master wher- ever he goes.

This gallery of notables may end with Prof. Sakuzo Yoshino. 'rhough still in his early forties, Dr. Yoshino has for ten years wielded a national influence as a fearless, constructive political and religious thinker. During his school days in Sendai he was won to Christ by a lady missionary, and was built up in the faith by his life in the student Association home. In college and university he took honors in scholarship and led the student Christian Association. ']'hree years in China as tutor to the children of Yuan-Shi-Kai laid the foundations for a friendliness toward the Chinese which has never wavered. After higher studies in Germany he was called to the chair of politics in Tokyo Imperial University, a unique vantage- point. Ten years ago, when the liberal or democratic movement in Japan was gasping to be born, he boldly attacked the repressive policy of the administration in Korea. Frowns and threats from !ligh officials failed to silence him. Soon he found himself one of the small band of prophetic spirits who have aroused the latent liberal- ism of the thinking classes.

It is such men and women, holders of the Distinguished Serv- ice Cross in the Christian Army, who justify the brightest hopes for the permanence and expansion of Christianity in Japan.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 72J MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, P A

COLLEGE STUDENTS AND MISSIONS I N the making of the history of modern m.issions, eolleges and college students have a large share. America has its Haystack Prayer Meeting; Japan, its gnarled pine and famous Kumamoto Band. From among German university students, Bartholomew Ziegenbalg and Henry Plutschau, went out. as the first Protestant missionaries to India.

This year, in the Student Volunteer Movement Convention of North America, over 5,000 students met to face the need of the world for Christ and their relationship to His great commission. During the past thirtyseven years more than 10,000 student volunteers have gone to foreign fields as missionaries.

Through the Student Fellowship for Christian IMe Service, thousands of coNege men and women are realizing their responsibility for home mission work, also. Steadily. on college campuses and in college halls, student leaders, who have lifted up their eyes and looked on the field, which is the world, are trying to lead others to see the same vision and to relate their lives rightly to the commission of their Lord.

YALE AND ITS UNOFFICIAL CHI- the Student Volunteers and the In- NESE EXTENSION ternational Young Men's Christian Dr. Harlan P. Beach tells the story Association, a number of attempts have been made to support individuals of one of the greatest student enter· in connection with the Associat,ion or priSM in the history of missions. in cooperation with recognized mis- Decades ago, David Livingstone so sionary societies in Asia. Harvard moved the students at Oxford and and the University of Pennsylvania Cambridge that in 1859 an organiza- for some time carried on independent tion was effected, called the Universi- mission work in China, but after a ties Mission to Central Africa. This few years they ceased to operate.

strong mission has carried on con- In 1902, Yale University decided to tinuously ever since; yet it is not establish a mission of its own in true to its name in the matter of sup- China, and the work has continued port and control, the universities and grown steadily, until, in 1923, its having ~o large part in the enterpri~e support from the New Haven office and no special respons.ibilities. Simi- required $152,589, in addition to lar organizations, initiated through $60,480 received on the field. The student interest in missions, bear money from Am-erica was given by scholastic names-the Dublin. Oxford graduates. undergraduates and friends and Cambridge Missions-and carry of Yale, aided generously by grants on missions in India. They also bear from the China Medical Board of the no great amount, of responsibility for Rockefeller 1<~oundation, and from the manning and financing those missions. Commonwealth Fund. The 1923 In America, under the influence of catalogue reports sixty-three in the 374

BEST METHODS

faculty, and an enrolment of more leavened in a missionary sense by the than 450 in the Middle School, Arts sister institution in China and its Department and Medical School. achievements as reported from time Adding the students in the two to time through the college press and Nurses' Schools, there are over 500 at its largely attended annual meet~ students in all. Such a growth in ing on Baccalaureate Sunday. twenty-two years after the first missionary of the Society reached China, The graduates are. more generally and from 1906, when the missionaries interested in the philanthroric and had sufficiently equipped themselves educational phases of Yale in China, to open the Collegiate School, shows and especially in the remarkable medthat Yale in China CYa-li in Chinese) ical work it is doing, educationally is no longer an experiment in educa- and as a healing agency, than in its tion nor in its reflex results upon Yale di'ltinctively religious outcome-an University in New Haven. objective regarded as fundamental and running like a scarlet thread The underlying objective which through the whole scheme by both its actuated the graduates and Student missionaries and officers at the home Volunteers who founded the Society base. Bible study, chapel and church was to establish in a great mission services attended by all the students, field a Christian mission, manned by a vigorous Young Men's Christian its own graduates and supported by Association, voluntary work underthe Yale con·stituency. It was be- taken by Association members for t,he children of the neighborhood, teachlieved that such an enterprise would ing in the Sunday-schools of the varienlist. a deep and abiding interest in ous missions in Changsha, where the missions at the university itself, as its representatives continually report- mission is located, the conduct of Red ed, through the college periodicals, Cross work, the beginnings of tuberinteresting items concernin/t missions culosis work, are some of the ways in in China. It was also believed that a which this spirit of Christian service Christian university had a very real is manifested and nourished. missionary obligation which could, in part" be met by such a mission. They The various missionary societies felt, moreover, that undergraduates which entered the province of Hunan, who became interested in missions after it was opened to the previously during their college course and con- hated foreigner in 1902, united in tributed to the cause, would continue asking this mission to undertake the this interest arid financial cooperation work of higher education. This inviin their various denominations after tation was accepted, and the happiest graduation. This would be a' by- relations of friendly cooperation have product, of no small moment. been manifested ever since. The com- mon church of all the missions in Vhile Ya-li was in no sense an off- Changsha is the beautiful chapel of shoot of Yale University or directed Ya-li. To it, the missionaries come by it officially, it has always had every Sunday afternoon; and the among its leading offi,cers prominent foreign mercantile and diplomatic members of the faculty who have de- community also regard it as their voted themselves unselfishly to the common meeting center. study of its problems abroad and its financing at home. So important has The mission's attitude toward the the mission appeareil to its recently Chinese gentry and other literati has retired president that on resigning so won their esteem and confidence that for years tohey have been assotwo years ago he publicly stated that ciated with Ya-li in the medical work among thc varied accomplishments of through the Hunan-Yale Educational his university administration, no Association, with an equal number of event had seemed equally important directors elected by the Hunanese and as that of establishing Yale in China. the mission. This enlisted support, and Yale graduates are also increasingly secured from the Chinese land and

building for hospital use and a yearly erfl in the attempt to uplift the Chi- subvention. They have thus come to nese people, always with the hope of regard Ya-li as their very own. Its their personal and national regenera- great hospital, costing some $200,000 tion. This has made the Yale experi- and its various buildings, crowning ment in China a confirmed success.

the hill just outside the old city walls, MISSIONARY INTEREST AT and seen from far down the river, are MOUNT HOLYOKE their pride. Ya-li's natural emphasis on athletics makes its campus at By HARRIET VAUGHAN, 1925.

athletic events the one great rallying A constant fresh st,ream of mission- place for the populace, from the Gov- ary interest flows to Mount Holyoke ernor in his silks to the poorest men, through letters from missionary women and children. In time of strife alumnre. Every year committees of -Changsha has been the center of the girls write personal letters containing struggle between North and South for college news to each of our mission- years-the mission premises are the aries, and they in return write inter- neutral ground whither high officials est.iug letters concerning their work flee for refuge. With so many wounded and country. These letters give the in the frequent, bloody encounters, the girls accurate, first-hand pict.ures of hospital's force of thirty-seven staff missionary work. Christmas boxe& members finds its hands full, even if are also sent to two missionaries, one the annual quota of 30,000 out-pa- in Japan and one in Mexico.

tients and the intensive work in the The World Fellowship dil>cussion hospital wards were not their primary group has sought out the foreigner duty. on our campus to give life to a con- Naturally the spirit, of the mission sideration of foreign problems. Stu- has affected the community and espe- dents interest'3d in world problems cially its students and graduates. meet on Sundays between church and Working for the educational and dinner time and at each meeting a physical improvement of the entire foreign student tells about her coun- community enlists their enthusiastic try. This year the phases presented cooperation. Two schools modeled by the students included a brief aft,cr Ya-li and started by its gradu- sketch of the rise of the religion of ates have a joint enrolment of nearly t,he country, their contact with Chris- a thousand. Smaller schools, taught tianity, the changing position of by undergraduates, night schools, etc., women toward freedom as seen in which aid in city sanitation, in famine China and in the Near East, the edu- relief, and in many minor activities, eational situation, the Youth Move- are samples of Ya-li student by-pro- ments, and each country's place in ducts. international affairs. In this way we With the great enlargement. of the are informed as to the problems of t.he mission it has not been practicable nor day and each country is given similar wise to confine the staff to Yale grad- consideration.

uates. This is especially true in the This year we are working out a new Medical and Nurses' Training Schools, plan of House Discussion Groups that where a number of graduates from take the place of the Vorld Fellow- other institutions have been taken ship group once a month. The sub- into t,he mission. Yet an indirect re- jects for discussion have so far been sult of having somewhat more than 'Var and Peace, and Law Enforce- half the staff recruited from other ment. Girls who lead the discussions institutious, though supported by Yale, prepare themselves by reading and by is to carry the missionary interest instruction from some one of author- into those schools which have given ity- who conduct-s a small forum for the cream of their -graduates. The these leaders. At the House Discus- keynote of Yale in China is friendly sion groups everyone seems to have cooperation with Chinese and foreign- something to say and nothing is barred,

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even though it may be mere prejudice of books and magazines of missionary or opinion impossible to substantiate int.erest.

by facts or sound argument. The con- One weekly meeting of the Y. W.

structive part of the discussion comes C. A. each month is conducted as a when we t.ry to formulate the. various World Fellowship meeting. These views and to reach a conclusion on meetings have utilized a missionary which we can agree as the solution alumnus speaker, two Chinese stu- of the problem. On Monday morning dents, reports of the Indianapolis in chapel one of the leaders gives the Student Volunteer Convention, and a results of the discussion. playlet. Since Indianapolis, study This method develops and educates and discussion groups have been or- public opinion, which is a great ganized dealing with the problem of watchword for advance. To develop Race and the Christian Ideal.

public opinion we must have a knowl- The center of our efforts is the an- edge of the facts and then think the nual World Fellowship Week in problem through. The forum method November. This is one of the big seems t·o give an opportunity for ex- events of the college year. It is pression which will be the result of sponsored jointly by the Y. M. C. A.

thinking. To know how to handle the and Y. W. C. A. It was opened this problems which confront the present- year with a special vesper service on day generation of college students, we Sunday afternoon. For this and the must form habits of clear seeing and remainder of the week, t.he chapel was straight thinking. decorated with flags of many nations and with over one hundred posters.

WORLD FELLOWSHIP WEEK AT Sixty additional posters were used COE COLLEGE during the week in fraternity houses By ELIZABETH PATTON, CEDAR. RAPIDS, IOWA and in conspicuous places on the campus to advertise specific events Working with a student body of and to convey the spirit of the week. about 1,000, t.he aim of the World Fel- Most. of these were carefully planned lowship Department of the Coe Col- and prepared during the preceding lege Y. W. C. A. has been to inform summer. Illustrative material was oband interest regarding world condi- tained from magazines and missiontions and the responsibility of this ary picture sheets. Lettering and student generation for Christian captions were varied and ingenious. service. Our efforts during the past When World Fellowship Week was two years have been popular and com- over, the posters were used separately prehensive. as the basis for bulletin board dis- plays. It is our aim to have the idea of World Fellowship permeate all cam- Thc center of campus life being the pus thinking and activity. To keep it constantly in sight, a bulletin board women's dormitory, our ideas were has been conspicuously placed at the most fully expressed there. Each day chapel entrance and is kept up-to-date with clippings, illustrations, let.ters, of the week t.he girls were aroused photographs, curios, and other things to explore a new country. Instead of of world interest. the usual rising bell on Monday, they heard the South Sea tom toms, on Tuesday Alaskan sleighbells, on .A large map of the world hangs in Wednesday Mexican music, on Thurs- the main building. From the point day Egyptian cymbals, and on Friday marked Cedar Rapids, streamers, in Japanese chimes. Morning prayers, school colors, extend to all parts of the each day, dealt with these countries.

earth and bear tags on the end with 'rravel and mi8Sionary books of each the names of Coe's students at their land were on display, and the dinner respective stations in the foreign field. menus were based on typical dishes.

The committee cooperates with the Ii- For instance, on South Sea day we brary in the selection and advertising served: 4

Cannibal Stew turned missionaries, foreign boards, Kaffir Korn etc. A program of music, readings, Stewed roots (potatoes) folk dancing, and Oriental magic was Fruit of the bread tree given in the parlor. Then a glorified Tropical fruits grand march consisting of Indian file, Java coffee German goose step, Spanish fandan- Cocoanut milk. go, Dutch roll, etc., led to the large dining room below where games of There was appropriate music dur- many ·lands were played. Refreshing each meal; proverbs, conundrums, ments served consisted of Turkish or stoatistics of the respective countries coffee and Chinese tea, with round were passed arouud the tables; and cookies representing the world and favors were at each place. For the continents outlined with colored icing. South Sea Islands, these consisted of As a grand finale everyone bid everypeanut and tissue paper carrots; for one else good night by use of a circle A>laska, candy snowballs (sugar cov- handshake. ered filberts); for Mexico three inch bandanas; for Egypt, King Tut fig- Information, fun, friendship – these were all acquired in this experiures; for Japan, tiny fans. mental social function, which was On Monday evening, literary so- voted a distinct success. Expenses for this week's activities, and the work of cieties based their programs on the the committee for the whole year were romance of the South Sea Islands. met by a budget of $115. This in- cluded the contribution of both t·he 'l'uesday evening the chapel was Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. packed for the production of the pageant, "In the Light."* Last year The faculty cooperated during we gave "The Striking of America's World Fellowship Week by taking five minutes or more during each class Hour. "t The cast was composed of period for a discussion of the relation of their subject to world conditions representative students, many lands or to the missionary enterprise. being represented by their own nationals. Music was supplied by the Every morning during the week, regular vesper choir of one hundred and for several weeks preceding, the committee and a group of those intervoices. ested met for an informal prayer Wednesday and Thursday were circle. These were the power and in- spiration behind all that was accomgiven over to our special speaker. He plished and were the secret of our led a joint. Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. meeting Wednesday morning, success. spoke at regular chapel exercises Thursday morning, to mixed audi- A WORLD MAP AT MONTANA ences Wednesday and Thursday evenings, to the .Student Valunteer UNIVERSITY groups and to both "Y" cabinets. The By MAUDE GWINN, Student Secretary remainder of' his time was filled with The idea of using a world map for missionary educlltion presented itself individual conferences. to us in an interview between a visit- On Friday night the climax of the ing Student Volunteer secretary and our Y. W. C. A. World Fellowship week came in the form of a Merry- chairman. The linen map became a Go – Round – the- World All- College part. of our equipment, but lay un- Party at which the foreign students used until we conceived the idea of were honor guests. In the parlor of making it an alumni chart. The apthe quadrangle were five exhibit proaching Homecoming Day, the time booths-one for each country we had when many former students would be used during the week. These dis- returning for a visit, gave us the played curios, pictures, books, etc., and needed inspiration. were presided over by students in costume. Material for these booths was obtained from local museums, re- ·Wf'man's Press. 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City. 50 cents.

tLiterature Headquarters, 123 Muhlenburg Building, Philadelphia, Pa. 20 cents.

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First we secured from the regis- MISSION STUDY AT VASSAR trar's office the names of former Mon- MARGARET CRUTCHFIELD tana University students living and I should place very near the top of working outeide the United States. the list of words misunderstood by The map was then placed on a iarge students and faculty today the two bulletin board in the Administration words, missions and missionary. The Building. The letter M attached placid ignorance concerning their firmly to a pin marked on the map the real significance is awe-inspiring. Too location of the university. Many often, however, we mission devotees threads of green string stretched spend our energy in combatting this themselves from t,he pin on the M to ignorance instead of in supplanting the various locations, and at the end it by knowledge, and the not surprisof each of these was a small piece of ing result is either passive acknowlpaper containing a number. At the bottom of the map we placed the in- edgment of the ignorance or positive dex, with names corresponding to the antagonism to the missionary project. numbers. After each name was the maHing address and the vocation; and A very frank facing of these facs just, beneath the index sheet was a note led to our evolving a new plan this asking for any new names or addresses year. We decided to lay our whole which visiting 'grads' might know. emphasis on the idea "ye shall know The registrar's list was incomplete. the truth," and to base whatever work Our efforts were rewarded by receiv- we did on an acknowledgment of the ing 80me wanting addresses. fact t,hat at present we did not know the truth about peoples in other coun- The map received write-ups with tries–how they lived, what they sizable headlines in both the universil y thought, how they felt, what their personalities were. Our aim was to and the city papers, and the fact that learn the trut,h about these peoples no organization was mentioned as itlS and then, considering them as people sponsor helped us feel that the articles were spontaneous. We had reason to as well as facts, to discuss presentbelieve that many people were at- day conditions-how satisfactory or unsatisfactory they were and what was tracted to the map, little suspecting, being done about them. Missions perhaps, that t,hey were being made were to be studied and discussed "victims" of missionary education, thoroughly and honestly and in so far Another piece of indirect education as they threw light on our subject, took form through the avenue of a THE TRUTH.

Japanese tea-a venture which is by Last spring we drew up a list of no means unique, of course. But this nine countries (we didn't dare tackle • was a silver-tea, reception, and sale more)-China, Japan, India, Syria, combined. It was held in the home Persia, Egypt, Africa, Latin Amer- of an advisory member, where the ica, and the United States-and se- guests 'Yeregreet.ed and served by cured the titles of three books dealing kimono-clad figures, ushered into with each country: one, a general lantern-hung rooms, refreshed by tea, survey of the count,ry by an author entertained with Japanese music, and unconnected with mission activities; introduced finally to the Japanese two, a general survey of the country shop. The contents of the shop- by an author connected with mission kimonos, incense, lamp-shades, silk activities; three, a biography of the slippers, paper knives, and what-not, finest missionary who had gone to the were secured from a Japanese store in country, Next we mentally surveyed a distant city and sold on a commis- the various groups of girls on campus sion basis. Our guests, who came t,:> and listed possible ,leaders in each be sociable and to contribute to our group, keeping a weather eye for such treasury, had no suspicion that -they characteristics as personal enthusiasm, were being educated Japan-ward, quiet persistence, and genuine fair-

milldedness. After this we made a up-to-date list of articles, chapters personal call on each of these girls, and pages from books that bear on frankly explained our program, and your subjects, so you can hand out asked her to help us in putting it pieces of reading requiring from fif- across by choosing from our listed teen minutes to several hours. Study countries the one she'd like to make Harrison Elliott's pamphlet, "The the subject of a study and discussion Why and How of Group Discussion."

group for the following year. The Always include our own country three books on her list were to be read among those studied. We need it.

during the summer and the leader Such a program means hard and was to select the particular phase that alert work but it is wonderful fun. interested her most. And any number of failures and dis- appointmentoS are balanced when your The astonishment of most of the atheist tells you with a grin that this girls to whom this proposal was made is the most fascinating thing she's was delightfully. funny. Some told us they didn't think they believed in done since she's been in college. missions. One said that she was an atheist. We responded that we did HOW SOUTHERN BAPTISTS MEET believe in both missions and God, and STUDENT OPPORTUNITY tbat what we were trying to do was t·o get at the truth and face it. We had By JULIET MATHER some refusals but eventually we got "Miss College Girl is just. home but our nine leaders and, since they repre- she doesn't take hold of things in our sented nearly every hall in college, we church at all." Often the comment introduced curiosity into many un- is far too true regarding splendid, expected quarters. talented young people who have re- The second week after college turned for summer vacation or come opened, signing up posters (ten in a back at the end of four years with row make a startling array), explana- diplomas ready to be framed. South- tory talks in the halls, and endless ern Baptist women some years ago personal telling about it to individ- carne to the conclusion that one rea~on uals, won members for our groups. the college student did not take hold They meet for one hour every week. of church activities upon returning Weare now trying the experiment of home was that the church had not having all the groups meet together kept hold during the months or years every fourth week to discuss some big of absence. Accordingly the Woman '8 subject like "The Effect of Western Missionary Union appointed a young Industrialism on the East," or "The woman to be College Correspondent, Position of Women in the East and the serving a~ the connecting link be- West," or "What Have Missions Ac- tween college girl and home church complished," each group throwing interests. In the natural development light on the subject from its partic- of this tie, it came about that Young ular country. We have speakers for Woman's Auxiliary, the missionary t.hese meetings when we can get them organizat.ion for young women in and always have a question period. Southern Baptist churches, was trans- It is essential to call frequent lead- planted to the college campus, quali- ers' meetings, for many mistakes are fied in name by the term College made and the leaders are bound to get Y. W. A, and transformed in plans discovered that people are interested, and programs to fit campus life. In making each mistake teach us what practically every Baptist school and not to do, and our successes how to in many state institutions t.here are push ahead, we are learning. We have now College Y. W. A.'s, while every discovered that people are interest·ed state has her College Correspondent in proportion as they get at the facts to visit each college or academy at themselves, but it has to be made easy least once a year. A College Y. W. A.

for them to get at the facts. Keep an Bulletin is sent out bi-monthly from

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W. M. U. headquarters in Birrning- plans, a week each for stat'e, home and ham, Alabama, containing program foreign missions. College girls are enoutlines, method suggest,ions, ideas couraged to give a tithe of their allowfor socials and friendly frolics, bul- ance as good stewards and the study of letin board items of interest, all of Dr. Agar's "Stewardship of Life,"

which eager committees seize upon one of the required books on the Y. and put to good use. Programs for W. A. mission study certificate, has the term ]923-24 have included four kindled much real sense of honest series so that the Y. W. A. 's meeting stewardship. weekly are provided for. One series Southern Baptist. interests in colhI a study of great women of today, lege students are not limited to Young another discussions of religious be- Woman's Auxiliaries but organized liefs from the standpoint of the college Sunday-school classes and Unions are young woman; a third series includes fostered under the various auspices special occasions like Easter, Thanks- whirh have been lately headed up in giving, Mother's Day and suggests the Inter-Board Commission on Stupractical ways and means for taking dent Religious Activities. .As its name hold by leading young people's or- implies, this Commission is composed ganizations in the local churches upon of representat,ives from each of the return home. '1'he fourth series is Boards of the convention interested in mISSIOnary in nature, presenting the training of young people and the young womanhood of the different Woman's Missionary Union. This countries where we have mission work. Commission has held three splendid In so far as possible, College Y. W. conferences in this college year for A.'s observe the three special seasons students from our western, central and of prayer anticipated in W. M. U. sea·board states.

If AMERICA WERE CHINA- SOUTH CAR~UNA W~ijlD HAVE ON[ DOCT~R NORTH ~~ SOUTH CAROLINA ONE H~SPITAU BODIES WITHOUT CURE SOULS WITHOUT CHRIST A STUDENT POSTER EXHIBITED AT THE JNDIANAPOLIS CONVENTION

Woman's Foreign Mission

Editorial Committee: MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN, ALICE M. KYI,E, GERTRUDE SCHULTZ STATUS OF WOMEN IN CHURCH were deaconesses like Phcebe; there By MRs. CHARLES K. Roys were women who like Chloe and Lydia Foreign Secretary. Board of Foreign Missions opened their homes for church servof the Presbyterian Churcb, U. B. A. ices.

As a background to any discussion There seems the clearest evidence of the present, position of woman in of spiritual equality between the wom- the Chur~h, it is illuminating to look en and men disciples in those early into the place she held in the early days. Women shared in the experi- Church. Women are mentioned in ence of Pentecost and in persecutions; the gospels twenty-six times. There they shared in service; they prophwere Jesus' relatives, His disciples' esied, prayed and taught and were relatives, His women disciples who active in t,heir roles as deaconesses. It joined His band in Galilee, came with would seem not easy to reconcile some Him to Jerusalem, watched His cruci- of the apostolic teachings with fixion, and were the first t,o greet Him Christ's attitude about the position of after He was risen. women. Although Paul said clearly , Christ's attitude toward woman has that "men and women are equal in a vital bearing on the position she Christ" and Peter said, "men and should hold in the modern Church. women are joint heirs of grace, " both Many of His parables seem to have apostles insist on an inferior position been especially intended for the wom- for women, due doubtless to the spirit en in His audiences. Some of His of the age and to the social usages of most wonderful teachings were ad- a pagan society which could not with dressed directly to women, as indi- impunity be outraged. Social condicated in His talk with the woman of tions may have been different in Pales- Samaria and with Martha at the tine. At any rate, Christ accepted resurrection of Lazarus. Miss Royden women freely and talked with them in has said that the story of the Prodigal public. never indicating at any point Son was preserved for us because a that He considered them inferior to woman heard it and collaborated with men.

Luke in writ,ing those last chapters of In the cal,lv Church one finds wom- his gospel. en active as "deacouesRes, ministering It is assuredly true that Christ ac- to the sick and forming the earliest order of women in connection wit,h cepted women as disciples and re- the Church in the Roman Empire. It vealed Himself to them, sending them, is difficult to overstate the influence forth as His messengers. It is impos- women exercised in the early Church sible to find evidence that Christ sug- (IS wives and mothers. The lives ot gested at any point the inferiority of St. Helena and Monica furnish ample woman or her inabilit>y to reveal Him illustrations of this. Women were truly to the world. among the martyrs in the early Church. Turning to the Acts and Epistles for light on the position of women in the Apostolic Church, we find women Running down through the Medieoften mentioned. There were the val Church, we .find abbesses takinl? women apostles whom Saul perse· the place in the monastic system of cuted; there were women who proph- deaconesses, some of those abbesses esied, as for example, the four daugh- even ruling over houses of men as well tel'S of the evangelist Philip; therp as women. They presided at impor- 382 tant Cburcb Synods, exercising the Baptist (North) ……………. 5 power of a Bishop. After the Ref- Nazarenes …………………. 350 ormation we find women in the Protes- Unitarian …………………. 14 tant Church in Europe raised to a The Universalist, the Christian Scihigb level of service. The earliest entist, the United Evangelical and Protestant. group, the Waldensians., Christian churches also have women allowed women to preach. The Society preachers, In the Methodist Church of Friends from the very beginning women may preach but may not adgave this position to women. The minister the sacraments, There is an early Methodist Church licensed a few International Association of Women Preachers with over one thousand women to preach as local supplies. ID the Colonial Church in America members. In conclusion, it would seem that women preachers had a trying time. women have had a place of service in the Church from the very beginning, The stories of the expelling of Anne but t.he opportunities for leadership HutchinsOin and; two !othep w~m.en Quaker preachers illustrate the diffi- have been somewhat limited when one compares the activities of other orculty of those days. The early Con- ganizations, such as federated womgregational Church in New England en's clubs, political organizations, had an order called "The Church patriotic, and fraternal associations. Widows" (later renamed "Deacon- The Christian Church owes much esses"). For membership in this to the Young Women's Christian As- Order It woman had to be at least sixty sociation, which in fort~ different years old, "rugged physically, full of countries, with work among all kinds tact, refined in nature." Lutherans and conditions of women, has given and the Protestant Episcopal Church most valuable training for leadership. also organized deaconesses. Several outstanding leaders of the younger generation in the Church to- Turning to the Church t.oday one day owe their first training to the finds, in addition to deaconesses, that Young Women's Christian Associawomen are filling important positions tion. as pastors' assistants and as religious education directors. They have long Turning to the Orient, one finds been leaders in the organized benevo- that, just as the Civil War gave Amerlences of the Church from the time ican women the great incentive to selfwhen II The Boston Female Society expression, so the World War has in for Missionary Purposes" was organ- Oriental countries stirred the women ized in 1800 and II The Female Cent Institute" in New Hampshire which to new activities. Japanese women was organized in 1804 on the principle are dealing courageously with vice and of one cent per week for missions. liquor questions. Four states in India Women have also had a place in have given the ballot to women. The the authoritative councils of the part of women in Korea in the revo- Church. Frances Willard was the first woman appointed as a delegate to lution is well known. In China, the Central Conference of the North- women are breaking away from the ern Methodist. Church. It is interest- three Confucian obediences enjoined ing to note, however, that she was re- on women and are wishing to play fused her seat because it was "uncon- their part in the world, doing their stitutional. " work with the men on the principle -"equal work for equal pay." The number of women preachers in A new dav has dawned for the various denominations is indicated by women of the" Orient.. 'Christian misthe following table: siom; are largely responsible for this Brethren ………………….. 10 day. The Church should give its best thought to directing and conserving Congregat.ional . . . . . . . . . . . 20 the potential powers of the woman- hood of the Orient. That this to Disciples ………………….. 2 Seventh Day Adventists ……… 1 Cumberl8Jld Preshyterian .,."". :l5

some extent is being accomplished is highly receptive and dynamic group evidenced by the facto that women are of men and women students-facing having a voice and influence in the courageously the campus problems as councils of the national churches. At they later would those of the larger the National Christian Conference in world. They saw with clearer vision Shanghai in 1922 women nationals a world in which t.he Christ way of spoke, sened on commissions, were life was free to express itself-the elected to the National Council of effect on questions of inter-racial im- China. Here again one finds that the port and the settlement of interna- Young Women's Christian Associa- tional difficulties. tion has been in the lead, electing in several cases nat,ional women to posi- Over in Vellore they have had a tions of directorship of the work as a "baby show." Perhaps fifty babies whole. would be brought, a municipal official thought. Dr. Scudder and her asso- Looking into the future, three ciates thought the number would be things seem evident: larger. Five hundred babies came with more than three times that many (1) The Church must give leader- admiring relatives. The prize baby ship and real power to younger wom- was the son of a Brahmin widow. You en if it is to hold them in the face of can imagine the lessons that were their other opportunities for leader- driven home that day. ship. Of course you see the connection (2) The Orient seems t,o be moving between the girl in the preparatory more rapid,ly in this direction than school, t.he student in college and the is the West.· The graduates of our educational value of a "baby show" mission colleges seem quite naturally in Vellore-or any other place where to be assuming the leadership in the your representatives and mine are at Church for which their training so work. well fits them. We shall be meeting this summer (3) 'Without question a place will in more than fifteen centers to discuss in the fut.ure be given to women on the prog;ram of the Christian enterthe highest councils of the Church. prise throughout the world. Our In- May this come about, not because of dianapolis! Will our potential leadany feminist outburst on the part of ers be there 1 Will the members of the women themselves, but because our women's boards realize the rewomen have a real contribution to markable opportunity it is to touch make. The task of the Christ-ian and know the constituency, that their Church today, as never before in its planning for it may be most intelhistory, calls for the very best think- ligently done? Will our interdenomi- "ing of men and women together. national relationships be emphasized? Will the program be intensive and Much· of the material on "The Status ot conclusive 1 Will there be abundant Women in the Church" has been suggested by opportunity for informal but stimula. the Syllabus prepared for summer conferences ting discussion of the great questions by Miss Clarissa Spenc-cr. of the Young Women's that Christianity is facing today f Christian Associatjon. Will there be time for meditation t,hat the message of the Christ may be "TO ~E ALIVE IN SUCH AN AGE!" heard' MARY PEACOCK INSTITUTE FOR A CHRISTIAN They discussed it recently at their annual ,et-together – a delightful BASIS OF WORLD RELATIONS, group 0 preparatory school girlswhat they meant by "such" an age, VASSAR COLLEGE. JUNE what it means ttO be "alive," what their contads with school and the 14 to 20, 1924 world would mean. A conference of women is being ar- Nearly seven thousand of them ranged by Vassar College to consider came away from Indianapolis – a

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

the problems which face America stewardship. After all expenses were today. Many are searching for the paid a balance of $700 was divided way towards peace. Diplomacy, state- between three interdenominational craft, international law, education, causes. all have their contribution to make in the solution of world problems. This This year's faculty was an espegroup, however, will face the present cially strong and attract·ive one. Mrs. int.ernational situation from the re- Bascom Copenhaver of Marion, Virligious approach and will endeavor to ginia, Chairman of English, Marion discover the especial responsibility of College, and author, taught, "The women, if any, in the great task of making world relations more Chris- Debt Eternal"; Mrs. E. C. Cronk of tian. Philadelphia, Pa., "Creative Forces in Japan"; Mrs. Margaret T. Russell, With the principles of brotherhood Mobile, Alabama, Bible Class. Mrs. and the worth of human personality Henry W. Peabody presented Law as a common bond, the members of Enforcement, the importance of this Institute will examine those issues and situations which not only are training boys and girls and The of vital concern to the future of re- World Federation of Christian Womligion in this and other countries, but en. Dr. Henry W. Meyers, who has which threaten all those forces which been a missionary in Kobe, Japan, for are endeavoring to establish better relationships' between people and na- 25 years under the Presbyterian tions. An effort will be made to get Church, South, gave an address. at the facts of each situation and to that end men and women will be pres- Five hundred and two registered ent to give authoritative information at the Deland School of Missions with as a contribution to the discussions. fifteen denominations represented. Particular attention will be given to Mrs. Charles Rowe Vickery of Sy.rathose situations which involve the euse, New York, taught "Creative missionary enterprise at home and Forres in Japan," and Mrs. S. P. abroad. The lectures, forums and Irwin of Charlottesville, Va., "The discussions will be planned to the end Child and America's Future." that the women present may see channels open, both through organized re- It is impossible to estimate the inligious bodies and secular agencies, to fluence of such schools with thousands work for a finer and better world. In of books, magaznes and leaflets put inthis way the unity of the missionary to circulation and delegates who reenterprise as one aspect of the whole turn to their work with information, endeavor towards international co- inspiration and an enthusiastic desire operation can be fully sensed. and determination for greater service.

TWO UNUSUAL WINTER CON- INTERDEN01!INATIONAL SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS FERENCES 19S4 St. Petersburg boasts this year of 1. California, Los Angeles …… Jnne 2-6 having the largest school in the United States; 33 states, 7 countries, 2. California, Mt. Hermon ….. July 5·12 and 31 denominations were repre- 3. Colorado, Boulder •……. June 18-26 sented, with a registration of 1,663. Their other achievement was the 4. Floridn, Deland …………. Feb. 3-8 largest offering for one cause ever taken in that city which was $4,155 5. Florida, St. Petersburg .. Jan. 27-Feb. 1 for the Nea.r East Relief, in response to a talk given by Mrs. R. S. Emrich 6. Illinois, Dixon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 4-9 who was also giving a course on 7. Illinois·Missouri, Greenville.June 24-28 8. Indiana, Winona Lake .. _.. Jnne 16'·23 9. Louisiana, New Orleans …. Nov. 10-14 10. Massachusetts. Northfield … July 14.-22 11. Maryland, Mt. Lake Park. July 28-Aug. 4 12. Maryland, Baltimore … Oct. .2J8~e299-3130 13. Minnesotll, Minueapolis ….

14. Ne~ York, Chautauqua …. Aug. 17-23 lIi. OhIO, Bethesda …… 2d week in Aug.

16. Oklahoma, Oklahoma City … June 9-13 17. Penna., Chambersburg.. June 27-July 5 18. Texas, Dallas ……… Sept. 28·0ct. 3 19. Texas, Houston ……….._. Oct. 6-10 20. Texas, Kerrville . . . . . . . July 27·Aug. 1 21. Wisconsin, Lake Geneva …. June 23·30 EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVl<:., NEW YORK STUDENT WORK secretaries, and all such secretaries From the report of the Committee for 1923, were asked to present the work among ELINOR K. PURVES, (Jhad",man migrants whenever possible, and to The Committee on Student Work explain to student groups how they has two definitoe responsibilities: first, that of presenting the work among could help, and what was desired of farm and cannery migrants to c?lle.ge students, asking them to share m .ltS them. The cooperation of these ,secresupport; second, that of representmg home mission interests in the Feder- taries in this work has been very great ated St,udent Committee. Its members also serve as the women members of and t,hrough their efforts many colthe Committee on Recruiting the Home Mission Force. leges have become interested, and The aim of the committee was to many college students have offere~ find a way to reach college students with the story of the work among their services as workers at the mImigrant groups, and to solicit. student gifts. To this end, letters were sent grant stations. The work among to the Deans of interdenominational women's colleges throughout the migrants has ope.ned up !l new opP.or- United States, and to the Deans of Women at co-educat,ional colleges and tunity for serVIce durmg vacatIOn universities, asking them to take to the groups in the various colleges months and six times as many stuwhich would be most interested, the information about migrant work, and dents offered to do this work as could the request for its support. These letters brought in many and most en- possibly be .used. couraging replies. Letters also went to the Headmistresses of preparatory The number of student groups sendschools. In colleges from which no replies came, letters were sent to the ing contributions in 1923 consisted of Presidents, and the answers from Deans and Presidents showed a real seven colleges and one preparatory interest in the work, and a desire to cooperat,e, though many wrote that school, a small number indeed, but a college budgets were a;lready overcrowded, and there could be no prom- good beginning, an indication of the ise of a contribution. very genuine interest aroused. Some Literature on migrant work was sent to the President of each student colleges promised to put this wo~k on Young Women's Christian .Association with the request that t,hIS be put their budgets for the next year, and upon the college bulletin board, and the attention of the students be drawn many more wrote that they hoped to to it. be able to do something in the future.

The amount raised from students for the summer of 1923 was $221.17.

The work among migrants was pre- sented at the six student conferences of the Young Women's Christian As- sociation held during the summer mont.hs, this being done both through the denominational meetings at the acot nfmeroernecegs~nearnadl, whenever possible, meetings. Posters prepared by the Council and end?rsed by the Federated Student CommIttee, were used at t,hese conferences and were put in conspicuous places, caus- ing most favorable comment. The student secretaries report that all mi- grant literature was speedily and eagerly taken by the students, anq that much interest, was manifested.

Federated Student Committee Another avenue of approach was The Federated Student Committee through the denominat.ional student holds foul' meetings a year, taking up 386 at these meetings those matters which be successful must be planned far in are of common interest to the various advance, must be made only upon the groups represent<ed on the committee, request of t,he students, backed by the and bringing matters which are the Young Women's Christian Associa- special concern of the several groups tion and the local student pastors, to the attention of the other groups, and there must be a definite program all groups represented being those worked out before the team arrives.

which do some sort of religious work Team vi!>its have given to Church among women students. By its own Board student secretaries an entrance definition thel<'ederated Student Com- into some colleges hit,herto closed to mittee "is an informal group for con- denominational efforts, but now will- sultation and cooperation in religious ing to have such visits if the work of work among women students." The the whole Church and all branches of constituent bodies making up t,he Fed- the Church can be presented to the erated Student Committee are: students at one given time, and ]'ederation of Woman's Boards of through a united effort of the various denominat,ions represented on the Foreign Missions, Council of Women for Home Mis- campus.

sions, The Federated Student Committee Council of Church Boards of Edu- has been instrumental in working out cation, a closer cooperation between the Young Women's Christian Associa- Church Board representatives and the tions, . Young Women's Christian Association Student Volunteer Movement for at student summer conferences, and Foreign Missions, during. the past. year the representa- Student Fellowship for Christian tives of the Boards have been given a Life-Service. larger share than ever before in the The departments of these organiza- program and management of these tions having to do with work among conferences, at some serving on the women students are responsible for Executive Council of the conference, appointing their representatives on at others acting as leaders of Bible the Federated Student Committee. discussion groups in addition to their By this arrangement, the Committee regular t-ask of presenting the work of on Student. Work of the Council auto- the Church at home and abroad to the matically becomes responsible for rep- students of the various denominations. resenting the interests of the Council At each conference the group of on the Federated Student Committee, church representatives drew up Findand its members are the representa- ings on the program of the conference, and, especially on the place given to tives from the CounciL the Church in that program. These Visits bv teams of denominational Findings will form the basis for sugst,udent se~retaries to interdenomina- gest,ions as to future conferences. The tional colleges is one definite line of Federated Student Committee is inact.ivity of the Federated Committee terested in the presentation of the which has grown rapidly. During the work among migrant groups to college college year 1922-1923, > team visits students, and endorsed the plans for were made to twenty-four colleges, covering all parts of the country and pUblicity at student summer conferall varieties of interdenominational > ences. inst,itutions. Some of these visits were The year was marked by real advery successful, much depending upon vance in cooperat,ive work among stuthe preparation made for the visit by dents on the part of the agencies the college, and upon the cooperation engaged in religious work on the of local pastors, and the Young Wom- campus, and your Committee feels en's Christian Association. Experi- that a large part of this has been due ence has shown that team visits to to the efforts of the Federated Student

Committee which brings together in SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS fellowship the Mission Boards of the Affiliated with the Couneil of Women for Church, the Boards of Education, and Home MiBsions the three great student movements, all DATES AND CHAIRMEN FOR 1924 of which have their part to play in Bethesda, Ohio-Second week in AugtIst- Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., the Christian life of the colleges. Moundsville, West Virginia.

RECRUITING HOME MISSIONS Boulder, Colorado-June 18·26-Mrs. Albert A. ltteil, 670 Marion Street, Denver, Colo. From the report of the Committee for 1923. Florence G. Tyler. Chairman. Dallas, Texas-Sept. 28·0ct. 3-Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel Drive, Dallas, Texas. There are at the present time a number of groups which are studying Dallas, Texas (Negro)-Sept. 28·0et. 3the personnel needs of the Home Mis- Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., Dallas, Texas.

sion fields, the various denominational De Land, Florida-Feb. 4-9-Mrs. John W. policies of recruiting and the possi- Smock, 320 N. Boulevard, De Land, Fla. bilities of standardization. Among these groups are the committee ap- Houston, Texa.s-Oct. 6·IO-Mrs. J. E. Tol· man, 3210 Chenevert St., Houston, Texas. Illinois·Mi.<:souri-June 24·28-Mrs. J. D.

pointed by the Consultative Commit- Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Webster tee of interdenominational al!encies Groves, Mo. to study the problem of Recruiting for Lake Geneva, Wiscon.~in-June 23-30-Mrs. Christian Life-Service, the Federated C. W. Peterson, 11132 S. Hoyne Ave., Ohicago, Ill.

Student Committee, the Student Fel- Minnesota (Min1teapolis·S't. Pauly-June 9· lowship for Christian Life-Service, 14-Mrs. J. F. Marlatte, 419 Newton Ave., North, MinneapoliB, Minn. the Council. of Christian Associations, Mt. Hermon, California–July 5·12-Mrs. and the Committee on Standardiza- Paul Raymond, 90 Santa Monica Way, San Franeisco, Cal. tion of Home Missionary Service. The M01J!ntain Lake Park, Md.-July 28·Aug. 4 Committee on Recruiting the Home Mission Force, through its members, -Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Allendale, N. J. has kept in close touch with these New Orleans, Louisiana-Nov. 10·14-Mrs. D. Beach Carre, 44 Audubon Blvd., New groups and it is hoped that the con- Orleans, I.Ja.. clusions arrived at by all these groups' Northfield, East Nryrthfield, MassachusettS'- will be made available for all the de- July 7·14-Mrs. T. Raymond St. John, nominational committees and secre- 341 Webster Ave., Long Island City, N. Y.

taries who are struggling with the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-June 9·13-MrB. Frank Hampton Fox, 1946 W. Park, Okla· problems of recruiting. The problems of recruiting on the college campus homa City, Okla. St. Petersburg, Florida,-.Tan. 27·Feb. 1, 1924 are of the deepest interest and must -Mrs. G. W. Cooper, 250 Fifth Ave., N., be worked out in the closest coopera- St. Petersburg, Fla. South6'1'n Ca-lifornia (Los Angeles)-June 2· tion. Your Committee believes in the fu- 6-Mrs. Q. J. Rowley, 181 S. Virgil St., Los Angeles, Cal. ture and the usefulness of the Student Wilson CoiCege, GhambersfJurg, Pennsylvania -June 27·July 5-Miss Mru-y C. Peacock, Fellowship for Christian Life-Service. The Chairman attended the meeting Torresdale, Pa. Winona LaJce, lnaia,na,-June 16·23-Mrs. C. of the Executive Committee of the Student Fellowship which was held at W. Peterson, 11132 S. Hoyne Ave., Chi· cago, Ill.

Lake Geneva in September and was Home Missions Institute deeply impressed by the earnestness of the group and the genuine ability DATE AND CHAIRMAN FOR 1924 with which they laid their plans for Chautauq'ua, New York-August 9-15-Mrs.

the year's work. John Ferguson, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

N. Y.

IN THE SECRET OF HIS PRESENCE Would you like to know the sweetness of the secret of the Lord 1 Go and hide beneath His shadow; this shall then be your reward. ' And whene 'er you leave the silence of that happy meeting place, You must mind and bear the image of the Master in your face.

-Ellen Lakshmi Goreh.

FROM l1rANY

GENERAL also from Ceylon, India, Egypt and Money for Luxuries Syria. Speakers from all these coun- ASTRIKING contrast between life tries will participate in the program. in India and in the United States The general theme of the convenis drawn by The King's BusinflSs, which quotes figures that show first, tion is "Jesus Christ for the Healing that 40,000,000 of India's people of the Nations." Two full days will never know what it means to be satis- be devoted to a conference of officials, fied with food, and a large proportion including officers of the World's Sunof the families are maintained on an day School Association, national or income not exceeding five dollars per internat,ional Sunday-school associamonth, many large families existing tions and their auxiliaries, and deon a much smaller amount, and sec- nominational or inte.rdenominational ond, the expenditures of the Amer- missionary Sunday-school boards or councils.

ican people for luxuries in 1919. For How Native Christians Give cigars and cigarettes $1,310,000,000 REPLYING to the question some7 was spent, and $150,000,000 for cos- times asked by those not familiar metics and perfume. The outlay for automobiles amounted to $2,000,000,- with actual conditions on the mission 000, and $250,000,000 for phono- field, "Isn't it time the nat,ives gave graphs and pianos. (Statistics available elsewhere, based on the 1921 tax something themselves 1" the Amerreceipts, show larger figures for all ican Board of Commissioners for Forthese items.) The article concludes: eign Missions makes the following "It is decidedly against God'8 plan statement about the native Congregathat one nation squander billions in tional churches in the countries where luxuries, while millions of people a it is at wo;rk: "More than one third few thousand miles away, go to bed of India's people earn only one cent every night hungry for the lack of a a day. Grown men say, 'I wouldn't care if I could get one good meal in little of the coarsest food. He who two days.' A' good meal' means only notices the fall of the sparrows also a quantity of black, coarse bread, yet has a record of every misspent dollar. " the native Christians in our fields there gave $37,000 last year. Native Glasgow S. S. Oonvention Christians in China contributed $57,- 000, where labor averages twent'y-five DELEGATES from many parts of cents a day, Japanese Christians as- the world have registered for the sociated with us gave $180,000. The Ninth Convention of the World's Sun- members of the church in Kusaie, one day School Association which will of the Caroline Island group, sent the meet in Glasgow, Scotland, June 18th- Board $400 last August. Their mis- 26th. National Associations are co- sionaries, the Baldwin sisters, brought operating to secure the athendance of to their attention the acutoe need of Sunday-school leaders in thei;r respec- the Board, Poor, pitifully poor, tive countries. The quota of delegates though those natives are, of their own assigned to the United States and will they made the gift. Miss Eliza- Canada is 2.000. The Orient is show- beth Baldwin wrote,' Some of our dear ing great in'terest and many delegates girls said to me as they put t'heir expect t·o attend from the Philippine small offerings into my hand, "It is Islands, China, Korea and Japan; aU that I have." , "

389

Jewish Testimony in Jewish Work tianity report larger results than for- merly.-Christian Century. H ERMAN NEWMARK of London writes in The Scattered Nation Seventh-Day Adventists of the changed attitude of many Jews to Jesus. He says: "There are lead- THE sixtieth annual statistical reing .Jews, for instance, Claude Monte- port of the Seventh-Day Adventist flare in London, who are deliberately denomination shows that their work telling the Jewish nation that what is now conducted in 11~ countries, by they have heard from their infancy 8 division conferences, 55 union conconcerning Christ if! a lot of lies. ferences, comprising 143 local confer- This has placed a weapon in our hands ences, and 153 mission fields, operating particularly in the open-air work. among a population aggregating The Jews who live in London may not 1,479,117,476, and employing 14,389 come into the mission halls, but, thank evangelistic and institutional laborers, God, they do stand around in the open who are using in their work 194 lanair and give their attention! Only guages (publications being issued in ten years ago I was walking past the 114) . Connected with the movement open-air meetings and sneered, but are 224 instit.utions, representing, to- Jews today, like myself, are listening, gether with conference organizations and we have a wonderful opportunity and 1,834 church buildings, a total inof starting with Christ. We can say vestment (for 1921) of $34,196,049.15, to them now that the leading intel- and an aggregate annual income for lectual Jews" are on our side concern- both evangelistic and institutional ing the person of the Lord Jesus work of $28,620,315.93. Christ. They insist that he was the greatest prophet that ever lived. We NORTH AMERIOA start there, and then we carryon: 'If that is true, then a prophet brings Present .Day Mormonism God's message and does not tell lies; therefore Christ must be what he said UTAH Mormonism dedicated, on he was, and he is more than a August 26, 1923, its temple in prophet.' " Cardston, Alberta, Can., which has been under construction for several World Facts about .Jews years, and cost over $780,000. The description of the building in a Cana- THE American Jewish Yea.r Book, dian newspaper includes rooms simi- which was issued recently, gives lar to those in the Salt Lake City the Jewish population of the world temple, which are used for various as 15,500,000. Two thirds of the Jews secret ceremonies. One Mormon ;rite live in Europe, and almost a quarter is "baptism for the dead, the theory of them in North America. The great- being that some relative here must be est Jewish citv in the world is New 'baptized' in behalf of one who died York, with (643,112. Chicago has without being 'baptized' by a Mormon 225,000, Philadelphia 200,000 and 'elder' or the dead person can never Boston 77,500. In Europe, Jews are get to heaven." most numerous in Poland and Ukraine. Germany, France, Great Britain A writer in The Christian Statesand Turkey follow in numerical man says: order. Since the British occupation of Palestine, 27,000 Jews have gone "If you were to visit Mormon churches there. Great hopes of a Jewish state for a year, you would find that the chief under British control have been enter- fador in the Mormon address is a boast of tained, but these plan~ are meeting the superior quality of the Mormons themwith serious difficult.ies. In the Unit- selves. Pancy such a thing in an evaned States, organizations concerned gelical church-the pastor occupying four with the conversion of Jews to Chris- fifths of his time in telling his congregation what great fellows they are in the world I But what would disgust Christians is in- tensely satisfying to Mormons. Associated with the boast is the reprehension of the rest of the world because it misunderstands and persecutes Mormonism and Mormons."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Especially effective wo.rk in im- the eight,een Lutheran groups of 2,- pressing upon young Mormons that 465,841 ; the nine Presbyterian de- t,here is some worth in the world out- nominations of 2,462,557; the two side Mormonism is being done, this bodies of Disciples of 1,621,203, and writer states, by Westminster College the two branches of the Protestant and the Utah Gospel Mission. Episcopal Church of 1,140,076. The Catholics in fellowship with the Club for Reformed "Crooks" Church of Rome a;re estimated to have NEW YORK newspapers in March 15,750,260 communicants. The great- reported the third annual dinner est. gain in membership was made in of "the Marshall Stillman movement the Baptist group. In some bodies, for reclaiming members of the under- notably the Methodist Episcopal, there world." Among those present were are now more additions to the memjudges, prosecutors, publishers and bership outside than within the industrial leaders, as well as former United States.

highwaymen, burgla;rs and pickpock- ets who had been brought. back to hon- The South a Mission Field est pursuits through the efforts of REV. RALEIGH WRIGHT, D.D., of the Southern Bapt,ist Conven- Alpheus Geer, president and origina.- tor of the movement. Plans were tsihoon~ assembles some striking facts to the work that lies before the announced for increasing the member- ship, now 800, to 1,000, and for esta?- home mission board of his church. He lishing a clubhouse. Mr. Gee.r saId says: "There are within the bounds that he and others in the movement, of the Southern Baptist Convention including all of the former criminals 17,573,455 non-church members above present, had approached members of ten years of age, as against 16,136,112 t·he underworld in pool parlors, soft members of all churches, including drink establishments, in coffee houses Catholics. Mult.iplied thousands of and on street corne;rs, and declared the church members are only nom- that in every instance where they had inally Christian. There are within asked a gangster if he "wanted to go the South more than 3,500,000 Ne- straight" the answer had been." Yes." groes ove;r ten years of age that a~e The pmblem was easily solved, he not affiliated with any church. ThIS amdodveed~enwthgenot he and others in the number is but a little short of the the man a job and en- entire Negro population of the South rolled him as a field member of the at the close of the Civil War. The movement, with a mission to bring his Negro population in two Southern former confederates into line. He States is larger than the white popusaid that the slogan of the movement lation. The foreign problem is bewas "men se;rving men." The move- coming more acute. More· and more ment announces no religious connec- the tide of immigration is turning tions, and Christians wonder where southward. The ends of the earth are without Christ it expects to find a eoming together in our coastal cities. sufficient motive either for reforma- The unevangelized Mexican in New tion or for service. Mexico and Southern Texas is a grow- Church Membership in U. S. A. ing social, political and religious men- ace. It does not require a prophet to ACCORDING t,o the annual statis- forecast the social conditions in the tics just made public by Dr. H. South, growing out of the increasing K. Carroll the growth in membership numbers of foreigners mingling of the churches of the United States among us, within the next twenty-five during 1923 was not large. The fif- years. There are more than 5,000 teen kinds of Methodists now claim a homeless Southern Baptist churches, total membership of 8,622,836; the some 14,000 one-room church build- fourteen Baptist bodies· of 8,237,021; ings, and thousands of other church

homes badly in need of repair."- citizens and officials in many states. Home and Foreign Fields. Several states have passed stringent anti-lynching laws. In some of these The Canadian Baptist Jubilee laws the family of the victim is given the right. to sue the county in which THE fiftieth anniversary of the the crime occurs. The widow of a Canadian Baptist Mission among Negro lynched in South Carolina obthe Telugus in India was celebrated in tained a verdict of $2,000 under such April and a thank-offering fund of a law. Officers of the law are becom- $50,000 is appealed for to st,rengthen ing more active in preventing lynchthe work. On March 12, 1874, Mr. ings as public opinion demands it. and Mrs. McLauren landed at Co- Much credit should be given to the canada and found a few Christians, educational campaigns carried on by three native wo.rkers and one small the Federal Council of Chu.rches, the schooL There are now eighty mis- Commission on Inter-Racial Cooperasionaries on the staff, 1,000 Indian tion, the Women's Council of the workers, a Union Theological Semi- Methodist. Episcopal Church, South, nary, two high schools, with 1,300 and other groups of Southern church students; two training schools, six women and other organizations." hospitals, numerous dispensaries, nine boarding schools and orphanages, four Negro Churches in Ne…. York hundred village schools, a Telugu Christian newspaper and seventeen NEGRO members of the Methodist thousand baptized Christ,jans. Episcopal Church in New York City are about to occupy two large The Canadian Baptists have also church edifices, one formerly the home been working in Bolivia for twenty- of a white congregation, and one to five years. be built in the center of the Negro dis- torict in Harlem. Calvary Church, Name "Ne…. Era" Dropped which, especially during the pastorate of Dr. Charles L. Goodell, was hardly A N executive session of the general large enough to hold its audiences, has council of the Presbyterian felt it wise to sell its building, seating Church in the U. S. A. has endorsed 1,800, to a Negro congregation, and the New Era Movement which that will move two 0;[' three miles north. denomination has been conducting for St. Mark's Church, which has one of several years past, but changed its the largest Negro congregations in the name t·o the Committee on Program denomination, is planning a new ediand Field Activities. Dr. William fice to cost over $200,000.-Christian Hiram Foulkes remains as the general Century. secretary, and the committee is recognized as a regular part of the work of An Oriental Survey the church. T HE Institute of Social and Reli- Public Opinion and Lynching gious Research is undertaking a survey of the Oriental question on the THE decreased number of lynchings Pacific Coast. In order to determine in the United States in 1923 was the most impo.rtant questions upon reported in the April REVIEW. The which the survey ought to throw light, g.radual improvement in conditions is the opinions of nearly 200 Coast leadattributed by The Congregationalist ers in various walks of life have been to "increasing publicity, to the arous- gathered as to what they consider the ing of Christian sentiment against Oriental issues to be, their own exlynching, and to such practical facts perience with Orientals, and tilleir as the great migration of Negroes proposals for meeting the difficulties. from the South, and the threat of the Among the distinctive and encourag- Dyer Ant,i-Lynching Bill. Though the ing features of the survey thus far are Dyer Bill did not pass, it aroused public attention and led to action by

l!l!!-! I NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the earnestness with which the busi- W. C. T. U.; and Dr. Howard H. est men and women have taken hold Russell, Westerville, founder and asof it and the development of a spirit. sociate general superintendent of the of open-mindedness and willingness Anti-Saloon League of America-Roy to abide by the facts whatever they A. Haynes, federal prohibition commay disclose. The Executive Com- missioner, and a number of both fedmittee is composed of leading business eral and state officials, as well as men, judges, professors, editors, cler- prominent business men. The nationgymen, irrespective of their previous al organization which is fighting proattit.udes, and an earnest effort has hibition held a conference in Washbeen made to secure the cooperation ington a few days later, the object of of those who have been bitter an- which was announced as being to tagonists. Such a combination and "face the facts." Its promoters, if spirit ought to bring results which honest, had a good many facta to face. will be far-reaching.

Grenfell Hospital Destroyed LATIN AMERICA Progress in Santo DOD1ingo W ORD has come that the Emily E VER ~ince there was o.rganized in Beaver Chamberlin Memorial 1921, at the instigation of the Hospital at North West. River, Lab- Committee on Cooperation in Latin rador, has been destroyed by fire. This America, the Board for Christian is the Grenfell winter hospital in con- Work in Santo Domingo, made up of nection with the station which in sum- representatives of the men's and mer is located at Indian Harbor. women's home mission boards of the Many evidences of friendliness on the M. E. Church, the Preshyt€rian part of the natives have shown how Church in the U. S. A., and, a little much the work of this hospi6al was later, the United Brethren, the REVIEW appreciated. All the patients were has reported from time to time the progress of this union enterprise. The saved with the exception of one-a significance of a united Protestant, cripple. Dr. Paddon and his family approach to a Roman Catholic counwere in New England at the time of try like Santo Domingo has been the fire but they, with the strident emphasized, and the response of the physician, the nurse and ot,her help- people, both to the hospital and dis- pensary under the direction of Ho.race ers, lost all their possessions. It is R. Taylor, M.D., and to the preaching hoped that this hospital may be rebuilt at a later date.

Anti-Saloon Leagne Bally and Sunday-school services at four principal centers, has been point€d THE Anti-Saloon League of Amer- out. The latest news is that a depu- ica held its twenty-first annual tation, consisting of Bishop F. J. Mc- convent.ion in Washington, D. C., Connell of the M. E. Church, Miss January 12 to 17,1924, the date hav- Edna R. Toss of the Presbyterian ing been chosen to "emphasize the Church U. S. A., Rev. Scott W. Her- fourth anniversary of the going into shey of the United Bret.hren, Dr.

effect of the Eighteenth Amendment." Samuel G. Inman, secretary of the Among the speakers who were an- Committee on Cooperation in Latin nounced to take part in the various America, and Prof. W. Carson Ryan sessions were Dr. Robert E. Speer, of Swarthmore College, a specialist in Bishop Thomas Nicholson, t.hree of education, recently visited the island the joint presidents of the World and on March 3d ;reported to a repre- Ijeague Against Alcoholism-Dr. Rob- sentative group of missionary admin- ert Hercod, Lausanne, Switzedand, istrators in New York Cit~. Their dire"tor of the International Temper- findings and conclusions were wholly anee Bureau; Miss Anna A. Gordon, favorable to this joint missionary en- president of the national and world's terprise. The people are eager for 5

the new message. Auditoriums now me on my trips. I also advertise in in use are inadequate because of the the newspapers, designating the occa- throngs crowding to religious serv- sion as a big conference, and using· a ices. Each year the membership of t.itle that will attract attention. In the new Christian churches has in- this way we have been able to get our c;reased more than one hundred per gospel message to thousands, whereas cent. Young men of marked ability we would not have a handful at a.

are offering themselves for the Chris- regular mission. I take with me t,ian ministry, and already six of them teams of native Spanish workers, who are reported as preparing for the have been of invaluable assistance in ministry in schools in Porto Rico. winning the confidence of the people and overcoming the prejudice against Mexicans Build Churches American Protestant missionaries."

B ISHOP Wilbur P. Thirkield, resi- dent Bishop of the M. E. Church Intolerance in Brazil in Mexico, reports the completion of T HE need of the purifying effect of a beautiful church building in Puebla, Protestantism on Brazil is indito replace one destJ:oyed by fire a year cated by the following facts supplied ago, the cost of which has been borne by C. V. Clark, a missionary of the almost entirely by the Mexicans them- M. E. Church, South, in that country. selves. In Mexico City also a new He says: "The President of the Rechurch has just been erected, the fifth public is a very strong Catholic and, unit of the Aztecas social center. He in spite of the fact that the Consti- tution says there shall be complete says: Nearly 700 people crowded the edifice at separation of Church and State, he the formal opening. What a contrast! Three says that the representatives of the years ago an msignificant mission m a shack Vatican shall be treated as royal surrounded by old Spanish walls; then the princes when they visit, Brazil. At projection of plans for the first mission social center in Mexico, to bring health and the memorial services for President hope and cleansing, physical and spiritual, Harding he refused to let the Scripto the homes and lives of the people. On tures be read or a prayer be made in faith the wGrk began and has gone on. Only Port.uguese. Congress has broken the $8,000 from the Board has been available for this building and yet today, almost free Constitution by granting an approof debt, stands this gruup of imposing priation to the Catholics to build an buildings crowned by a church of splendid image of Christ on one of the high Gothic design. peaks overlooking Rio de Janeiro. The New Methods in Colombia legislat,ure of this state has given DESCRIBING an extensive evan- them money to build a cathedral in gelistic campaign in Scmth Amer- the city of Sao Paulo."

ica, Rev. Harry L. Strachan said at Founder's Week Conference at Moody EUROPE Bible Institut<e: "Missionaries are Rotary Clubs and Missions W looked upon as part of what is called ORKERS in the London Mis- sionary Society, who are also 'the American Army of Occupation' in the Latin-American republics. Es- membe;rs of Rotary Clubs in Great pecially in Colombia the prejudice Britain, frequently secure an oppor- against Protestant missionaries makc8 tunity for an address on the country it next to impossible to get 'an audi- he represents—or the social and com- ence in any of the regular mission mercial aspects of the work he is do- meeting places or church halls. The ing-from a visiting missionary. There people will not come, so in this new are also laymen connectoed with the aggressive evangelization campaign we Society who have a first-hand knowl- have adopted circus methods. I hire edge of the mission field and who are _ a theatre-the biggest one in town, or ready to help as Rotarians. The use a monster tent which I carry with series of L. M. S. missionary Iunch-

NEWS FROM MANY

eons so successfully arranged by Rev. tional life. In the first year there S. J. Cowdy in the City of London were 24 and in the second year 42 provides an illustration of another st,udents. Some ·of the students were useful avenue of missionary propa- university undergraduates, others ganda which is at once social and clerks or elementary school teachers, educational. more than half were industrial work- ers, with a more or less advanced Church at Chateau Thierry education beforehand. This year 45 DURING the battle between the students were expected for a special American and German armies course from April 10 to July 28, 1924.

for the possession of Chateau Thierry, t,he old French church was destroyed. In Italian. Prisons R When after the armistice a general EV. ENRICO PONS, representa- tive for Italy of the British and plan of aid in rebuilding destroyed churches in the devastated regions Foreign Bible Society, has been hav- was developed by the Federal Coun- ing some unusual experiences in visit..

cil, the entire responsibility for pro- ing Italian prisons. He says; "At viding a new church and parsonage Leece I found about 300 prisoners, all for this parish was undertaken by the men, many of whom labor as carpen- Reformed Church in the United ters, marble-workers, and shoemakers.

States. 'The tot,al amount required One part of their earnings goes to the was $50,000, and the last payment of State and the remainder they keep.

$15,000 has now been made. The par- One of these men told me that, bit by sonage has already been completed bit, he had patiently gathered 8,DOO and the church will soon be ready for lire (nearly £100) against the day of services, The site of the new church his liberation. At Taranto, the great is on the main square of the city naval port, I found 350 prisoners, close to the City Hall. At Chateau and among them about 30 women, of Thierry there is a fine cooperat,ion all ages, and guilty of various crimes.

between the Reformed Church of At Potenza I found 250 prisoners and France and the Methodist Episcopal about 30 women, almost all of the Church, the former caring for the agricultural class. In these two pris- distinctive church work, while the lat- ons they do not work, because there ter, at the Methodist Memorial, main- are no buildings available. They read tains an admirably organized civic ve.ry little-for one reason, because and social center: they have no books. In none of the libraries is a Bible to be found, not NcllV College in Denntark even a Roman Catholic version. Some THE International College at Hel- of the prison officials possess our ver- singor, Denmark, was founded two sions of the New Testament and value years ago, with the object of bringing together for study and personal in- them. The officials opened to me all tercourse young men and women from the cells and apartments, and so I the principal countries of the world. could enbBr everywhere, bearing a The college follows the traditions of word of sympathy and comfort and the Danish folk high schools, of which hope. In each prison I gave a lecture there are some seventy in Denmark. to from 200 to 300 hearers, men and These broad-minded Christian schools women. All listened attentively and are unique examples of adult. educa- with interest, and received my words with applause."

tion and have a long experience and a widespread influence. Like them Buddhism in Germany G the International College is personal ERHART HAUPTMANN, a writer of international reputain method and ethical in aim-trying to apply the principles of Christian- tion, says that he sees in Germany ity to individual, social and interna- today' 'a great nationalreaetion from

the merely physical to the religious." driving large numbers into atheism. This reveals itself, however, in a tre- Protestant.ism has never gained a mendous increase of the prestige of foothold. Rome, and in a hungry turning toward Brahminism and Buddhism. Communist Idea of Love Karl Eugen Neumann has translated the collective wisdom of Gaut,ama A N Associated Press dispatch states Buddha, and Hauptmann asserts, "To that absolute free love is not the my mind the time will come when this idea of communists but mating only book will be considered of infinitely in the interests of the communit.y, more far-reaching consequences than according to Mme. Kollantay, Russian Martin Luther's Bible. Once the Soviet Minister to Norway, who has statue of the heathen god Svantewitt published a series of articles in the reared itself in t,he midst of Germany. German periodical, The New Genera- Now this has been replaced by the tion, explaining how the bou.rgeois gigantic picture of Buddha." The conception uf marriage does not harfirst Buddhist monastery is to be es- monize with communism. Mme. Koltablished not far from Hamburg in lantay says a new feeling in regard to the Lunenburg moor. Meanwhile this subject has sprung up alongside Paul Duessen has translated the Ve- t,he Communist conception of economdas from the Sanscrit, and as Bud- ics and that the old ideals of marriage dhism grew from Brahminism, Haupt- and morals must disappear with the mann predicts a glorious sweep for idea of private property. She urges the t,wo in Germany. that the basis of "the new mOJ'als" must be purely hygienic, and that the Protestant Work for Serbia chief end of the proletarian compan- ionship must be to eliminatoe all ego- T HE Serbian Mission, which has istic and individual instincts in favor recently been organized, with busi- of developing the community upon ness headqua.rters in Chicago and field cooperative lines. headquarters in Belgrade, is an interdenominational body with John W. AFRICA Troy as its Superintendent. He was born in Serbia, but is now an Amer- Isla.D1 in Egypt's Politics ican citizen and a graduate of Moody Bible Institute. The Serbian Govern- K ING FUAD of Egypt has sent ment, t,hrough the Minister of Social Seifullah Yousri Pasha as his Politics, has endmsed the prospective minister to "Vashington, accompanied work of The Serbian Mission and has by a staff of five. The new minister assured the cooperation of his depart- has had a great deal of experience in ment. The Government is particu- political affairs, having lived for many larly anxious to have the Mission pro- years in France and England. The vide orphanages for boys who will first secretary, Hassanein Bey, has enter at from three to six years of age. been for manv veal'S att.ached to the It is said that there are 155 orphan- government s~~ic('. in Cairo and is ages in Serbia, which care for about, well known in Egyptian and Euro- 8,900 children, and about 166,800 pean scientific fields as a'n explorer of orphans without home or care, whom note. A curious feature of all the the Government will gladly entrust to legations and other important diploany agency upon any terms. There matic missions of the new Egypt is are also 200,000 Russian refugees in the sending of a "chaplain" with the country who need help. The cacho Technically the duties of this population of Serbia consists of member are simply to lead the other Roman Catholics, Greek Catholics and members at their Friday prayers, for Mohammedans. The breakdown in Egypt is a Mohammedan state and general morale, following the war, is the diplomats must abide by the offi- cial rule that demands attendance at Friday prayers. Practirally, how-

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ever, it is thought t,hat the" ehaplain" some one hundred different tribes, and (01' "imam") 18 the diplomatie rep- speaking almost as many different resentative of the .A.zhar University, languages and dialects. There are the conservative religious element who three Protestant societies working in insist on keeping their hands on the this Eastern Sudan. The Church Misaffairs of state to the most minute sionary Society has 11 stat,ions and detail. It is said that eveu the Egyp- sub-stations under the direCltion of tian consulate in New York is to have 28 missiGnaries. The Sudan United an "imam." The legations are ap- Mission has 4 stations with 12 mispointed by the King and are not af- sionaries. The American Mission fected by changes in the ministry. (United P,resbyterian) has 3 main As long as t,he constitution says the stations and 36 missionaries. Nasser King must be a Moslem, the Azhar and Doleib Hill are their two stations University will exert a powerful in- in the S011thern Sudan. From Kharfluence on all Egypt's relationships. t,um station in the Northern Sudan, they administer work in all the larger A War Fugitive's Work cities where Arabic is the language. In 1923 a boys' and a girls' school AN instance of the way in whieh were opened in Port Sudan by the good has come out of the evil of American Mission. This is the Sudan's war-time perils and hardships is given seaport, connected by rail with Kharby the Rev. E. W. Doulton, a mission- tum, and promises to be an important ary of the Church Missionary Society shipping center in independent in Tanganyika Territory. He writes: Egypt. A missionary writes: " At, the "At, one of our out-stations, Nyand- present time the.re seems to be a new wa, there is a promising little work opening to the Mohammedan people. " going on, the commencement of which is of interest. One of our teachers, Congo Medical Steamer to escape capture at the hands of the Germans, fled to this place, and when LATE in November the mission of in hiding, taught some of the people the Disciples launched the fiftyto read t.he New Testament, and was seven-foot stern-wheel steamship Illithe means of bringing to Christ two nois, which is to do medical work on Wagogo, who were baptized by me the waters of the Congo. The launchabout four years ago. These two men ing was marked by simple religious have since won several fo.r Christ, services, conducted largely by native five of whom have been baptized since pastors. Another similar vessel, the my return, and they now carry on a Missouri, is also being laid down school and have built a small church, which, when completed, will travel and are doing all they can to influ- through the hundreds of miles of en~e their fellow men. They are not small waterways of the Lotumbe field. paid agents, but are doing the work quite voluntarily. The father of one One African's Achievelllent of these men is very ,rich in cattle and is furious at his son's convcrsion. He T HE story is told by "Dan Crawhas said that he will disinherit him." ford" of Kamba, a full-blooded African of the Ndau tribe, who has Facts about the Sudan progressed from absolute illiteracy to a Columbia University degree. The THE population of the Eastern first printing that he ever saw was on Sudan (Anglo-Egyptian) has just a pack of playing cards that came about. doubled since the winning of from the coast, and by studying these the Battle of Omdurman by Lord he taught himself the figures from Kitehener. It is made up, chiefly, of one to ten. Later he went south to two groups: the Arabs in the north work, and an American missionary and the Negroids in the south. The t,here who taught native boys in spite latter are more purely African, of of the opposition of the Portuguese,

whose policy is to keep the people ig- A Belated Confes"ion norant, took him into his home as a house boy. There the idea of that ALAY evangelist.ic worker, named cultivated missiona;ry, and especially "Brother Shlemoon, " in the his wife, going to live in that fever- American Presbyterian Mission at stricken area for the sake of the black Hamadan, Persia, has been especially hoys, gave him a new vision. He successful in p;reaching to Moslems. knew they must have some secret that Recently in the large village of Bamade them different from all other har, an o1d man invited him home, white people he han ever seen. When and when there told him he was 100 the Anlel'ican missionary left for years old, and had for many years home, he told his boys of a mission in been a follower of Jesus, although Rhodesia, ann Kamba walked 250 none of the family knew it, as he was miles to reach there. His capacity nearing death and did not want to and ambition fOJ" more education led stir up trouble. He was well-to-do, his missionary to secure work for the with many fields and vineyards, and boy by which he earned enough to still able to attend to business. He go to Hampton Institute, Virginia. could read, and had a New Testa- Earning his living all the time, he ment.. Shlemoon asked him what he took a course in carpentry and then was to say when God asked him why went to Columbia, where he secured he had not won any in the family T the coveted B.S. in education. His Noting that he seemed especially fond whole ideal in seeking this education of one of his grandchildren, he begged has been to go back and develop his him to teach him who Christ was and own people, but not necessarily on train him to follow Him and so keep Western lines. the light. burning when the old man was gone. He replied that he believed NEAR EAST that was just what God had sent him there for, and when they parted asked Turks Close Stamboul Y. M. C. A. him to come again soon. He went again the week following, and was AN Associated P;ress dispatch from made very welcome and to his great Constantinople, dated March joy, the old man made a public con- 21st, stated that the Angora Ministry fession of his faith before the whole of the Interior had that day ordered family, and read to t.hem from John closed the Stamboul branch of the 14. When through one of the daugh- Y. M. C. A. and the entrances sealed. ters-in-Iaw said, "And here you have Admittance to the offices was refused been getting ready for those mansions American secretaries of the associa- and never told us anything about it. " tion. The High Commission of the His older son also reproached him United States has promised to inves- and said, "Why have you not shared tigate the action flS being one of sup- these blessings, and this light with pression and contrary to Foreign UR 1" Not one of them reproached Minister Ismet Pasha's declarations him for being a Christian. at Lausanne. A Constantinople dispatch received last October said that Mesopotamian Treaty the Angora Government. was considering the status of the Y. M. C. A. >in T HE t.reaty recently concluded be- Turkey, in the light of reports made tween Great B;ritain and 'Iraq by special investigators. The dispatch (Mesopotamia) contains the followadded that agitation against the or- ing provisions which are of signifiganization had been carried on fo;r a cance to missionary work: "This time in certain radical Turkish Organic Law shall ensure to all compapers.-N. Y. Times. plete freedom of conscience and the free exercise of all forms of worship, The "Y" has since been opened subject only to the maintenance of a'gain, according to the State Depart- public order and mo;rals. It shall ment at Washington.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

provide that no discrimination of any hiya Khan, after going from one kind shall be made bet,ween the in- famous mosque to another seeking habitants of 'Iraq on the gronnd of spiritual satisfaction, learned the race, religion or language, and shall truth from the C. M. S. missionary at secure that the right of each com- Peshawar, who gave him a New Tesmunity to maintain its own schools tament. Back in his mountain village, for the education of its own members some forty miles north of Kabul, this in its own language while conforming man had studied God's Word, and as to such educational requirements of a a result his father, his wife, and his general nature as the Government, of children had come to believe in Christ. 'Iraq may impose, shall not be denied His desire at this 6ime was to arrange or impaired…… No measure shall be to have his family go to Peshawar taken in 'Iraq to obstruct or interfere and be baptized. "It would take with missionary enterprise or dis- some little time," says the writer, criminate against any missionary on "for the application (to be permitted the ground of his religous belief or to pass all the posts on t.he line) to be' nationality, provided that such enter- granted, and so I told him to come, prise is not prejudicial to public order pending the official sanction of the and good government.. " request, to my qua,rters daily, so that we might read the Scriptures, together. Afghanistan Opening Up He did so and I found him to be a most. deeply instructed Christian, 'a DR. H. A. LlCHTWARDT, med- man of God thoroughly furnished,' ical missionary of the Presby- and evidently a most spirituallyterian Board in Meshed, Persia, minded man. Yet he had been living writes: "Afghanistan is opening up for sixteen years entirely cut off from and several 'foreigners' have entered all that we usually te.rm the 'ordithis formerly closed territory. The nances of religion,' his spiritual life Afghan ConSUl at Meshed holds out entirely sustained by the Word, and very favorable hopes for our mission in any case that would be his consoforce securing permission to enter, lation and light to the end." and as soon as a second doctor is available on the :field, an effort will be made INDIA to secure passports. Many of our operative cases come from Afghan- Gandhi's Advice to Christians istan, and they invariably ask, 'When are you coming to Herat to open up WHEN Gandhi was asked some a hospital ~ We have many sick peo- time ago what advice he would ple who are unable to take this long, give on making Christianity :fit in expensive trip to Meshed.' Previously with India's needs, so as to make it we would answer, 'As soon as your appear less a foreign religion, his country is opened up to foreigners.' reply, according to the Dnyanodaya, Now the doors are swinging open, and was: "Preach your religion without with a sufficient staff we can enter." diluting it, and never tone it down."

ASThe Bible in Afghanistan Where God's Love Is News fln encouraging proof that wher- eVe!' in Afghanistan the written MISS SAROJIVI MITTRA, an Word has obt.ained an entrance it has Indian Christian worker with brought light in the darkness, Major- the London Missionary Societ,y, writes General Sir George K. Scott-Moncrieff in the Chronicle,: "Our country is tells in the Record of the British and waking and advancing, wanting and Foreign Bible Society the story of a striving to choose a place for itself. man whom he knew in 1880, when he I think it is our work to awaken India himself was a junior officer in Kabul. by blending the gracious sound of the Sixteen years before, this man, Ya- Father's love with that sound of na- tional awakening." She goes on to show from her own experience how

the story of God's love is received by their respective districts, and should t,hose who hear it for the first time: leave no stone unturned to try to win She and some of her students, when over the new Christian converts to lost one day on their way to a certain I&lam; and for the future should so village, were guided by an old man organize themselves as to leave no to an open space, where there were loophole for the Christian missiontwo tiny thatched cottages and about ary." a dozen men and eight or ten women. "In simple Bengali," she says, "I Christians in Tibet tried to tell t,helll the story of the Prodigal Son and of God's wonderful F ROM the Indian as well as from love. We were amazed to see how the Chinese border, attempts to eagerly they listened, and some of enter Tibet are being made, and the them had tears streaming down their Nat,ional Missionary Society of India faces. The old man who had led us has recently been giving the subject there said, 'Ma, we have never before special consideration. To its organ, heard what you have been saying. We The NatiQna.l Mis'sionary InteLLidid not think God was our father; we are cOlllmon, low and poor, and people gencer, 'r. Nasib Ali writes: "The despise us. That God loves us is something quite new to us.' " best method of opening the way to Tibet is to send a man who is fluent Why Moslems Are Anxious in the Tibetan language and one who would start work as a trader, because T HE progress of Christianity in the lor nothing else does the Government Punjab is making some of the give permission to enter Tibet." He thoughtful Moslems in that section of continues: "Though Tibet is in a India anxious. One of them writes way closed to us, there are Christians in a Mohammedan magazine, Review there, and the country is not without of Religions: "The Christians, it will Christian witnesses; the Lord is be noted, now form a considerable working there in a marvelous way. I portion of the population of the Pun- am an eye-witness to it., have visited jab. Though evident.ly more. than 80 Lhasa, and every year tour in that per cent of their number come from country in connection with my busithe so-called low castes, i. e., Chuhras. ness. I will never forget how once in Chamars, etc., yet the abnormal rise the streets of Lhasa I came across a in their numbers in comparatively re- shop of a Buddhist merchant whose cent years should not be despised on wife sang Christian hymns to me to that account. It is, on the other hand, my great joy and wonder (she had admirable and speaks volumes in learned them in Kalimpong, near praise of the missionary activities of Darjeeling) . Again once I had an the Christian community. We have interview wit·h the Prime Minister of to face the stubborn fact that the Tibet who said to me, 'What beauti- Chnistians now number more than ful love is to be found in your Chris- 300,000 in our province according to tian religion.' Also once in the cit~ the census tables. This calls for the of Shigacha where dwells the Tashi serious and immediate attention of Lama, in a shop I saw hung on the the Moslems, particularly of the Ah- walls several pictures of Christ." madiyya community. Unless prompt and efficient measures are taken Chris- CHINA tianity will establish itself firmly in the land, and another community will A Chinese Studeut Program thereby be added to the number of our antagonists in the soil.. …. It is THE annual meeting of the Chinese high time that. Moslems should start a St.udents' Federation, as reported regular campaign against the activi- in the North China Herald, discussed ties of the Christian missionaries in many complex topics. The Peking branch alone placed on the program subjects sufficient to occupy attention for days on end, as follows:

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

(1) Opposition to any form of military The regular meetings twice weekly government or government formed by the have been well maintained. One offimilitia; (2) the formation of a national cer, a very ea.rnest lieutenant, pressed for baptism when civilian inquirers citizens' convention; (3) the framing of a permanent constitution by the national citi- zens' convention; (4) the formation of a were being baptized on July 8th, and real people's government; (5) the abolition was accepted. Then followed a rush of the tuchunate and the reduction of of applications from the commandant, troops; (6) the "independence'" of educa- several officers, pet,ty officers and men. tional and political finances; (7) the gold franc problem; (8) the return of Port Evening elasses were held for these Arthur, Dairen and Kuangchouwan; (9) for several days, and on July 30th cancellation of the twenty-one Demands, thirty-seven were baptized. It was failing which the latter will be placed before a happy, busy day. Their testimonies the League of Nations for judgment.

were good, their knowledge of gospel "Shanghai for Ohrist" truth averaging higher than that of T HE February number of The Chi- those we have received into the nese Recorder gives an account of Church during recent years. A forta series of evangelistic meetings, held night later our big city fair was held by the Shanghai Christian Council, a for three days. On their off day fif- Chinese, not missionary, organization, teen to twenty of those baptized asfrom November 6t,h to 8th, the Shang- sisted splendidly on the streets by preaching, giving testimony, and hai Autumn Derby days. The slogan bookselling. It was encouraging to for prayer, for ar.rangements, for Christ, " not' "Shanghai for the see them fearlessly at work."

Races. " Chinese Christians initiated and carried on the work. The move- Books for Bandits .

W ment was divided into four periods: HEN bandits in China held up a t.rain last summer and carried for prayer, for arrangements, for evangelism and for conservation. Dur- many travelers up into the mountains, ing the first period pastors, evangel- Miss Mary E. Wood, of Boone Li- ists, Bible women, school teachers and brary, a part of the American Epis- Sunday-school teachers conducted copal Mission in Wuchang, promptly prayer-meetings. A Sunday was set dispatched a box of books to the lead- aside when the responsibility of every er of the bandits, writing him that Christian was preached from every she knew he must be very lonely so pulpit in the city. A letter calling for far up in the mountains and she hoped united prayer and individual conse- he might find time toO read the books cration was sent to every Christian. sent to him. The books she sent in- The period for ar.rangements was un- cluded Bryce's "Training for Citi- der the care of ten commit.tees such zenship, " a life of Washington, a life as Intercession, Publicity, Finance, of Gladstone, "Silas Marner," "First Meeting Place, Music, etc. Aid to the Injured," and "Sir GaJa- had."

Baptisms among Soldiers SEVENTY-SIX officers and men A Destructive Typhoon have been baptized in the past year by H. Lyons, the C. I. M. worker REV. W. RICHARDSON. of the at Luanfu, Shansi Province, who China Inland Mission at 'Hwangwrites in China's Millions: "The yen, Chekiang Province, writes of a bright side of our work has been that severe typhoon, accompanied by a among the soldiers. There has been tidal wave, which swept away people a steady sale of Bibles, New Testa- and homes by hundreds, so that there ments, hymn books, Scripture post-ers, was not. left a bit of evidence as to and later also of Bible study helps, what had become of them. "They among both offieers and men, not a were simply overwhelmed in the night few of whom are fairly well educated. and borne away. Not a single house in Hwangyen city escaped damage.

The city church was compietely lev- eighteen of the former members of eled to the ground, only the pulpit the church and congregation present. and part of the piers of the founda- Rev. Roy H. Fisher presided, stating tion remained. The school has been that the purpose of the meeting was unroofed and the east gable has fallen to elect new officers, to take up matin. Not a single place of worship in ters concerning the church property, the t,wenty-odd outstations has es- and to decide on plans for future caped damage. At present in the city work. 'l'he trustees were asked to take we are without any proper place of steps toward having the church propworship, and we have to conduct the erty at No. 49, Bluff, re-registered, regular services on Sunday as well as and the proper transfer made to the during the week in the school, which new property – holding committee. is undergoing repair." A recent con- Plans for the beginning of services vert at Odongkong, a widow over were left in the hands of a special sixty years of age, whose life was committee, which decided that from saved in a remarkable way during the the first Sunday in March, services typhoon, is now so grateful to God should be held on Sunday afternoons t,bat she is determined to try to study in the Y. M. C. A. club rooms, on the the Bible and says she is going to tell second floor of the building, which is the people how the God and Saviour of concrete and has been repaired. of the Bible anwered a poor lonely widow's prayer. Fight Licensed Vice in Korea Bible in Chinese Schools CHRISTIANS of various denomina- tions and races are working to- PETER SHIH,. a Chinese member gether against the social evil in of the Department of Education in Korea. At the last meeting of the Soochow University, writes to the Federal Council committees were ap- Board of Foreign Missions of the pointed, in response to an appeal M. E. Church, South: from the Australian Presbytoerian Mission, to move in the matter of es- "I want to call your attention to the sig- tablishing a Rescue Home for prostinificance of these Bible classes at the gov- tutes and to work generally against ernment institution of teacher training. the evil of licensed houses of ill fame. Years ago we were not allowed to go in These committees have been actively there to conduct any sort of meeting. A at work. The Salvation Army has few years ago, they let us go in, but not to signified its willingness (under certalk on religion of Christ. His name was tain condit,ions and subject to apnot supposed to be mentioned. There was proval from home) to be responsible not even one Christian in that school. But for the running of such a home, cothis year, for the first time, they open wide operating missions to provide a buildtheir gates and welcome us into their midst ing and yen 15 per month per inmate. to conduct voluntary Bible classes for their It is estimated that yen 5,000 will be students in their own classrooms. Christian sufficient to build the whole, or at songs are being sung in their auditorium, least so much of the building as shall where only last year only the worship of be necessary, for the initiation of such Confucius was tolerated. There are a few a work. The site can probably be Christians among them now. Only two made available by the Salvation weeks ago, I heard that one of the students Army. The Southern Methodist Miswanted to join our church at Konghong. I sion has voted yen 1,000 toward the am takiug 'Jesus the Master Teacher' as my building and a sum of money has also textoook. All the boys in my class, number_ been contributed for this general puring about fifteen, seem to enjoy the Bible pose by the Australian Mission. Other immensely_ The Lord is great. His name cooperating missions are being asked be praised." to rontribute the balance. The gen- eral problem of the abolition of li- JAPAN-CHOSEN censed vice and the establishment of Yokohama Union Church T HE first meeting of the Yokohama Union Church since the September earthquake was held in the Y. M. C. A., Yokohama, February 19th, with

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

a better state of social morality in this that is the business of the Governcountry, is being earnestly consid- ment-General, as they must make it ered. The .Japanese committee repre- clear to the Educational Department sents all the Christian churches in in Japan that. a school they 'desig- Seoul. It. plans to promote public nate' as equal to the government sentiment among the Japanese and schools, must be recognized there also already the authorities are being ap- as entitled to the same treatment acproached with a view to stimulating corded to the government schools. them against this evil. The Korean That will come in time. The alumni committee is a strong and representa- are naturally greatoly delighted. We tive one. With its members bot,h men had a 'congratulatory meeting' yesand women are cooperating, while terday afternoon, at which some churches and various societies are twenty of them were present, and they showing their interest in a way that started a fund to help in meeting the augurs well for the future.-Korea Government's requirements about Mission Field. apparat.us. "

School Officially Recognized Tokyo Puhlic Schools T HE John D. Wells School for THE primary schools in Tokyo are Training Christian Workers, car- now open to Christian teaching ried on by American Presbyterians at once a week. This remarkable state of Seoul, Chosen, has been designated affairs, so full of significance for the by the Chosen· Government as a pri- future of Japan, was brought about vate school whose graduates equal in by Japanese initiative. The Mayor of scholarly attainment those of a middle Tokyo recently called into consultaschool or of a higher common school. tion the Rev. S. Imamura, General "This means," writes Rev. E. Wade Secretary of the National Sunday Koons, the Principal, "that our grad- School ~~ssociation of Japan, and uates have the same right to take en- asked him to suggest the best method trance examinations, and if t.hey for the spiritual and moral education succeed in them, to enter as regular of the young citizens of Tokyo. Mr. students, the various special schools, Imamura accordingly presented a (Senmon Gakko) in Chosen, whether plan of sending speakers to the difprivate like Severance and the Chosen ferent schools once a week and agreed Christian College, or government, like to secure the speakers. This the Mayor the' Colleges' of Law, Medicine, Busi- at once accepted, and a program for ness, and Engineering, that the grad- the next few months was made out. uates of a conforming school like This is a wonderful door of oppor- Paichai, or of a Government Higher tunity as well as a great responsibility Common School for Koreans, or of a for the Sunday-school workers in Government Middle School for Japa- Japan. After March, the National nese, have. And today I asked a rep- Sunday School Association was to be resentative of the Educational De- solely responsible for the speakers partment if this extended also to and the money to provide the same. entering the Preparatory Department Mr. Imamura reports that $2,500 may of tlie Government University here, he needed per year to carryon this and was told that. it did. All that work and that a group of lay Chrisremains is to have this privilege ex- tians are already organizing to get tended to us in Japan proper, and behind the proposition.

MIlSSJ[ONARY

Race Problems in the New Africa. W. C. said: "I must be about my Father's business. ' , Willoughby. 294 pp. 158. Oxford Uni- But, "big business" though the versity Press. London. 1923. missionary enterprise undoubtedly is, Dr. Pat,ton carefully differentiates This is an admirable book, full of his purpose from any suggestion that accurate knowledge, good sense, sound the Church's worldwide emprise dejudgment and true spirit. It deals pends for justification on the ground with the race problem in the New that it promotes commerce. That is Africa with a sure hand. Dr. Wil- all very well in a Babs'on Report, but loughby was for many years a mis- it has no place in any church publisionary in Africa where he was principal of the London Missionary cation. This book is, instead, a clarion Society's Native Institution at Tiger call to the higher levels of a purely Kloof, South Africa, and is now Pro- altruistic loyalty to the Lord who fessor of Missions in Africa in the gave His life a ransom for the sins of Kennedy School of Missions at Hart- the whole world. And yet it is all ford_ We do not. know of any other book which.presents so adequately and intensely practical; it is "business." so wisely the facts about the life and It is a moving picture indeed which character and institutions and problems of the Bantu people and their passes in swift succession before the relation to the white races and to the reader of these pages sweeping the spread of their civilizat.ion in Africa. world in ~tatesmallllike perspective. The chapter on "The Color Bar" is Taking China as a cross-section of tlhe the best treatment which we have seen world, it focuses attention upon this of the tragic questions which are in- biggest segment of a world encircling separable from modern inter-race advance of Christ's army with banrelationships. The concluding chapter ners in such wise as to confirm hope sums up Dr. Willoughby's ripened of the ultimate victory "unto the utjudgments on the contact of mission- termost." For, while t,he population of China is shown to be over rather ary work among the Bantu Ileople than under four hundred millions, and the Christians among so many who make up the greatl body of the are as yet only one to a thousand, the rate of their increase-and this is population in Southern and Central Africa. s.

The Business of Missions. Cornelius H. admittedly the decisive factor-is Patton. 8vo. 288 pp. $2.00. The Mac- such as to give promise that. "one shall millan Company. 1924. chase a thousand" ere long and two Dr. Patton takes his title for this ~han win ten thousand.

book from the same conception as that For, is it not immensely heartening voiced by William Carey when he to find, that whereas Morrison single said, "My business is to serve the handed besieged the gates of Canton IJord, and I cobble shoes to pay ex- for seven years before he won his first penses." Carey also put into prac- convert in 1814, and 32 years passed tice t,his dominant idea in his mission before that number increased to 6, to India, where he for years supported when in 1842 the Treaty of Tientsin his missionary operations by raising was signed, by 1914 the number of indigo as a by-product. Both men Christians reached 235,303, and in learned their lesson from the Great 1920, 366,524, multiplying fourfold Teacher who, at the age of twelve in the last two decades. The penetra- 404 tion of this colossal field by some six discussion of missionary education as thousand missionaries with manifold such in the volume. activities is an inspiring story, which Dr. Patton has told in a masterly way This book ought to be read by everythat will richly reward the reading of one who is responsible for curriculum the business man and of all who building in the Sunday-school or any "mean business" for Christ. other agency of religious education and it would be a splendid thing if D. MeC. it could be read by all parents and Sunday-school teachers. J. B. K. The Teaching Work of the Church. By the Committee on the War and The Religious Neue Christoterpe 1924. Forty·fifth volume. Outlook. 309 pp. $2. Association Press. Edited fly Adolf Bartels and Julius New York. 1923. Koegel. Published by C. Ed. Mueller (Paul Seiler), Halle (Saale). Probably no other book in this field has done just the piece of work which This popular year book is widely has been admirably presented in this read in religious circles in Germany. brief but comprehensive volume. The It eontains essays, stories and poems book is a symposium, so skillfully de- of exceptional merit, written in the vised, and so carefully art,iculated spirit of evangelical faith and service. that one would scarcely realize the It is a piece of Christian literature different authorship of the several in the German language which exerchapters. Professor L. A. Weigle, Dr. ciHes a widespread influence for good. B. S. Winchester, Professor William In the 1924 edition t,he missionary Adams Brown, Rev. Samuel McCrea note is lacking and the treatment of Cavert, Rev. Erwin L. Shaver and the subject of war as related to our Dr. Robert L. Kelly are among the Christian faith is unsatisfactory exauthors, all of them men of wide ex- cept from a German point of view. perience and sound judgment in dealing with the educational task of the G. D. Church. The distinct,ive feature of their effort lies in the approach to the The Life of the Ancient East. James subject which is conceived in the Baikie. Illustrated. Bvo. 463 pp. $4. terms of youth's need and the The Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. Church's task rather than the agencies of religious education. This There is a fascination about the brings freshness and vitality to the study of life and beliefs of the ancient subject. which makes the book good peoples who laid foundations for modreading from cover to cover, to say ern thought and progress. As we nothing of the practical value that study the tabletfl, monuments and there is in the discussion approached temples which record the history of from this angle. thousands of years ago, we wonder at the learning and civilization of those There are allusions to missionary days and have a more humble estieducation as a part of the educational mate of modern achievements. We processes of the Church as the differ- learn, too, tohat the Bible is not a ent age groups of young people ·are book of folklore and fable, but is a dealt with, and an evident, underlying reliable record of history and a higher, conception of the missionary task of truer revelation of God than any of the Church as fundamental, not only the non-Jewish ancients possessed. to its work, but to its very existence. More migl:Jt have been made, however, Mr. Baikie has given us here a of missionary education as such in popular summary of the archteological dealing with some phases of the sub- finds relating to the religions, laws, ject. There is It very good critique customs and history of the peoples of of missionary educat,ion as commonly Egypt, Babyloni.a, Assyria, Troy, conducted on pages 155-159. It is Palestine, Greece and other lands of very brief, however, and is the only the Near East. Many familiar Bibli- cal names find a place in t,his volume -Israel, Isaiah, Belshazzar, Boaz, Cyrus, Daniel, Goliath, the Hivites, Hittites and other Palestinian tribes, previous to the World War largely Jonah, Joshua, Nebuchadnezzar, St. accounts for the 268,112 foreign-born Paul, Pekah, Titus and many cities. Magyars now in America. The census The volume throws much light on bulletin of a year ago places the the ancients and some on our modern number of Magyars born in this country of foreign parentage at 205,- inheritance. 426, so that the total Magyar popu- America and the World Liquor Problem. lation of America is 473,538. By Ernest H:urst Cherrington. 8vo. 182 "The Valley of Decision" came in pp. American Issue Press. Westerville, Ohio. connection with the World War. The In a clear, logical fashion, Dr. Magyars remained loyal to American Cherrington argues for world-prohibi- life and principles even though at times under suspicion. Conditions tion, pointing out the difficulty of arising out of the war also meant the maintaining the law in the United choosing of denominational allegiance States unless prohibition becomes to American groups. Previous to the world-wide. He gives a brief resume war a number of the churches had diof the prohibition movement, showing rect connection with the Reformed the importance of its economic phases, churches of Hungary. The results of which have only recently been ade- the decision have meant alignments as quately considered. He calls attention follows: 19 congregations, 6,500 comto the fact that America has a great municants, and 25,600 adherents to opportunity today to make the world the Reformed Church in the United dry, but insists that this country must States; 6 congregations and 1,141 act quickly, before the liquor inter- communicants to the Protestant Epis-. ests become too strongly entrenched copal Church. A few churches have through a world-wide organization, become independent congregations with possible Presbyterian connecand he shows how the liquor forces tions now or later. are rapidly strengthening their posi- Dr. Souders admirably reviews the tion for a tinal attack on the prohibitionists. Those interested in law problems of a foreign language enforcement, in statistics on various church in America so far as this phases of the liquor problem, and in group is concerned and analyzes the the general tendencies among both important elements of effective reli- gious training and church life. Ap. "wets" and "drvs" will find this pendices include a statement on book exceedingly u.seful, particularly "Americanization as the Foreigner Thinks of It," a list of Magyar pubif they are making speeches or writing papers on this timely subject. c. s.

The Magyars in America. Volnme Six in lications in the United States, and a the Raeial Studies of the New American. helpful bibliography.

By Rev. D. A. Souders, D.D., Superin· Facing the Crisis. By Sherwood Eddy. 8vo. tendent of Immigration of the Reformed 241 pp. SO cents, paper. The Associa- Church in the United States. 8vo. 150 tion Press. New York. 1922. pp. $1.00. Geo. R. Doran Co. New York. 1922. Present-day social and religious Coming from a long line of Re- problems are perplexing to the wisest formed Church ancestry and deeply and most experienced. Dr Eddy gives interested for many years in the re- us a thoughtful and devout, if not al- ligious welfare of aliens, the author ways conclusive, study of some of is particularly able to give to this these problems. He begins with God, racial group a very sympathetic study. Christ, evil, immortality, miracles, the He first makes a succinct general Bible, evolution, prayer, etc., and con- statement of Magyar history and por- cludes with studies of the race ques- trays the political, economic, social, tion, war, industrial unrest, the soeial and religious conditions of an Old gospel, etc. Dr. Eddy accepts the World backgrou!ld. Immigration main conclusions of modern science so far as they do not interfere with death, considers sin as the" failure to faith in the Deity of Christ and he hit the mark" of perfection and rec- endeavors to apply Jesus' teaching ommends Christ as a Helper and In- to the solution of modern problems spirer rather than as a Divine Sav- even where this upsets existing con- iour. The book has a certain prac- ditions. tical value for those who know where Are Foreign Missions Worth While ~ Edited to find their true knowledge and in- by Basil Mathews. Pamphlet. 6d. Lon- spiration.

don Missionary Satiety. 1922. The Idea of God. By Professor Clarence A.

Testimonies from those who are not Beckwith. 8vo. 343 pp. $2.50. The missionaries, but who know their work Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. from first hand knowledge, and who God is the greatest fact in the unibelieve in it, make up the contents of verse and yet how many have acthis interesting little pamphlet. cepted the idea in general but can Among those quoted are King George give no conclusive reason for the V, Lloyd George, Theodore Roosevelt . faith that is in them. Prof. Beckwith, and thirty others from Europe, of Chicago Theological Seminary America, China, Japan, India and (Congregational), here attempts- with good success-to present the elsewhere. reasonable, logical conception of God Islemen of Bride. By M. E. M. Don:iJ.dson. in harmony with modern discoveries 8vo. 165 pp. 88, 6d net. Alexander and ideals. He does not follow the G-ardner. Paisley, Scotland. 1922. Bible wholly as a revelation from God but accepts many Biblical teach- The quaint life on the Hebrides ings as the source of our conceptions Islands is described here in all its sim- of God. He seeks to sift the many plicity and picturesqueness. There views of the Almighty and to reach are legends and primitive customs, a conclusion in harmony with modern simple Catholic, worship of the pre- philosophy and experience. He also reformation type and some excellent studies modern conceptions of God, character studies. The book is of theistic arguments, His relation to especial interest to 10veTS of Scotland.

Matter and Spirit. A Study of Mind and evil, His personality and immanence. Body in their Relation to the Spiritual These studies are very clear and valu- Life. By James B. Pratt. 12mo. 232 able to discerning students and will pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Co. New strengthen faith in the" Living God. ' , York. 1923. Prof. Beckwith's conception of the deity of Christ is not so clear as might These philosophical lectures by the be desired but he declares that "His professor of philosophy in Williams essence is eternaL" College are metaphysical rather than popular. They are opposed to athe- ism and to materialism. Prof. Pratt The Junior Citizen. B:r J oycs Constance Manuel, assisted by Charlotte R. Headley. believes in dualism and in the super- Illustrated, Patterns. 8vo. 164 pp. $1.60. natural but his belief seems to be The Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1923. based on philosophy and not on revelation from God. For workers with boys and girls of 9 to 11 years of age ,this series of les- The Faith that Overcomes the World. By sons in World Helpfulness is of very Van Rensselaer Gibson. 12mo. 110 pp. practical value. It may be used in $1.00. The Macmillan Co. New York. Daily Vacation Bible Schools, Week- 1923. day Religious Instruction, etc. The In a devotional, contemplative course is supplementary to that ususpirit, the author of these studies in ally given in Church schools and the the way of higher knowledge, gives a twenty-five lessons relate to our homes, philosophical remedy for fear, igno- our country, our community and rance, failure, sin, sickness and death. other lands. They include stories He denies the reality of spiritual (Biblical and secular), conversations,

investigations, memory work, drama- lIodern Christian Callings. By various tizations, play and poster work, hand- writers. Macmillan Co. 75 cents. 1922. work, songs, etc. Parents and teach- ers will find here many valuable sug- This little book treats of "Biblical gestions and programs. Teaching in School and College"; " Executives for Christian Enter- The Lutherall World Almanac and Annual prises;" and "Social Service," in Encyclopedia. Bvo. 293 pp. National papers contributed by Irving F. Lntheran Council, 437 Fifth Avenue, New Wood, professor of Biblical Literature York. 1923. in Smith College; Dwight H. Day, secretary of the Board of Missions of The 1,500,000 members of Lutheran the Presbyterian Church; and Dr. churches in America who cooperate in ;William Bailey, professor of Practhe Lutheran National Council, will tical Philanthropy at Yale. The welcome this year book with its wealth writers show the personal and eduof information about the Church year, cational requirements necessary for the various synods and societies, the each line of activity. Our young peoministry, benevolent, missionary and pre. need such information to enable church statistics, educational insti- them to decide on a life work. A tutions and missionary work at home' pastor might well keep a book of this and abroad. kind to loan to forward-looking mem- bers .of his congregation. Cave Boys. By H. M. Burr. IUus. Svo. 200 pp. $1.50. Association Press. New A New Woman's lIagazine. York. 19€3. Women and Missions, the first num- The "Stone Age" furnishes many ber of t,he combined Presbyterian opportunities for the play of the im- periodicals, Woman's Work and Home agination-unhampered by historic Mission Monthly, appears in very atfacts. Gigantic animals abounded and tractive form for April, 1924. It is primitive conditions prevailed, but published under the joint auspices of how much men knew or what they did the Woman's Committees of the is not recorded. Mr. Burr tells the Boards oj' Foreign Missions and Nastories of his heroes-Hu, the He'aler tional Missions of the Presbyterian (a hunchback boy); Rune, the Ques- Church in the U. S. A. tioner; Pinx, Maker of Pictures, and four others who represent stages in The Editor is Miss Lucia P. Towne, the supposed evolution of man. The 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. stories are interesting but their chief The first number is a magazine of lessons are found in the account of forl,y pages, well illustrated and with man's effort to overcome obstacles to a very interesting variety of topics, progress. ably presented. Among the articles are the following: "Has Migration Nor ScrIpt. Amy Wilson Carmichael. 12mo. Helped the Colored Race?"; "Lep- 124 pp. Is, 6d. Society for the Propa· rosy in Africa" and "The Three R's gation of Christian Knowledge. Madras, for Missionary Babies." India; 1921. Every Presbyterian woman and For private circulation among many others will be interested to read friends of the work, Miss Carmichael this magazine. The price is $1.00 a tells the wonderful story of how God year. has fulfilled His promises and has supplied all their needs in the mission The Missio71ary Survey, the official at Dohnavur. The story is charm- organ of the Presbyterian Church ingly told and cannot fail to impress (Sout,h) has now taken the name" The one with the spiritual message. Hu- Presbyterian Survey." It is an exman interest coupled with the evi- cellent magazine of 64 pages, pubdence of divine working captivate the lished in Richmond, Virginia. Price mind and heart. $1.00 a year.

BOOKS

Story of John G. Faton (told for young Bible and Spiritual Life. Arthur T. Pier- folks). Dr. James Paton.. 254 pp. $1.50. son. 483 pp. $2.00. Biola Book Room.

George R. Doran Co. New York. 1924. Los Angeles. 1923.

Mackay of Uganda. Mary Yale. 212 pp. Beyond Shanghai. Harold Speakman. 198 $1.25. George H. Doran Co. New York. pp. $2.50. Abington Press. New York.

1924. 1922.

Mexico, An Interpretation. Carleton Beals. Buddhism and Buddhists in China. Lewis 280 pp. $2.50. B. W. Huebsch. New Hodons. 84 pp. $1.25. Macmillian Co.

York. 1923. New York. 1924.

The Three Religions of China. W. E. Soot· China and Her Peoples. Lena Johnston.

hill. 264 pp. $2.85. Oxford University 131 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Co.

Press. New York. 1923. New York. 1923.

A Vision of ChriStian and Buddhist Fellow- Erromanga, the Martyr Isle. H. A. Robert· ship in the Search for Light and Reality. son. 467 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Dwight Goddard. 16 pp. Los GatOS', Co. New York. 1923. California. 1924. The Ethical Teaching of Jesus. Ernest F. The World's Living Religions. Robert E. Scott. ]29 pp. $1.50. Macmillian Co. Hume. 298 pp. $1.75. Charles Scribner's New York. 1924. Sons. New York. 1924. The Family Worship. Wilbur B. Stover. Tides of India-a Fageant Play. Helen L. 134 pp. 75 cents. College Press. Mt. Willcox. 64 pp. 50c. Abingdon Press. Morris, Ill. 1924. New York. God's Word to Women. Katharine C. Bush- Frank Dennison Phinney. D. C. Gilmore. nell. 127 Sunnyside Avenue, Oakland, 71 pp. American Baptist Mission Press. California. 1923. Rangoon, Burma. 1924. Hispanic-Amerioan Relations with the The Life of the Ancient East. James United States. Wm. S. Robertson. 470 Baikie. 148 pp'. $4.00. Macmillan Co. pp. Oxford University Press. New York. New York. 1923. 1923.

Geschichte der Evangelischen Mission in India Through New Eyes. David Walters.

Afrika. D. Julius Richter. 813 pp. C. 64 pp. 6d. Livingstone Press. London.

Bertelsman. Giitersloh, Germany. 1922. 1923.

The Ideals of Asceticism. O. Hardman. Indische Missionsgeschichte. Julius Rich· 221 pp. $2.00. Macmillan Co. New ter. 557 pp. C. Bertelsmann. Giitersloh, York. 1924. Germany. 1924.

Where Evolution and Religion Meet. John In China Now. .T. C. Keyte. 154 pp.

M. and Cerle C. Coulter. 105 pp. $1.25. $1.50. George H. Doran Co. New York.

Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. 1923.

The Inftuence of the Bible. Thomas Tip- Knowing the Scriptures. Arthur T. Pier- lady. 128 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. son. 458 pp. $1.50. Biola Book Room.

Revell Co. New York. 1924. Los Angeles. 1924.

Testament for Fishers of Men. Wade C. The Land of Saddle-Bags: A Study of the Smith. 50c to $1.50. Onward Press. Mountain People of Appalaehia. James Richmond, Va. Watt Raine. 260 pp. $1.50. Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1924. National Health Series. (20 volumes.) Edited by National Health Council. 30c David Livingstone. Hubert F. Livingstone each. Flexible Fabricoid. Funk & Wag_ Wilson. 230 pp. $1.35 net. George H. nalls Co. New York. 1924. Cancer: Doran. New York. 1924. Nature, Diagnosis and Cure. Francis Carter Wood. Man and the Microbe: Protestantism-Its Principles and Reasons. How Communicable Diseases are Con- R. Ditterich. 62 pp. 30· cents. Bible trolled. C. F.. A. Win&low. Community Institnte Colportage Association. Chicago. Health: How to Obtain and Preserve It. 1924. D. B. Armstrong. The Baby's Health: Richard A. Bolt. Personal Hygiene: The Thoughts on Certain Things That Matter. Rules for Right Living. Allan.T. Mc- Benjamin L Greenwood. 32 pp. Marshall Laughlin. Bros. London. 1923.

Spiritual Message in Modern English The Teaching W()rk ()f the Church. Com- Poetry. Arthur S. Hoyt. 290 pp. $2. mittee on the War and Religious Outlook. Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. 309 pp. $2.00. Association Press. New York. 1924.

What Is Modernism 7 Leighton Parks. 150 The Jews in America. B. J. Hendrick. pp. $1.00. Scribner's Sons. New York. 171 pp. 68. Heinemann. London. 1923. 1924. Buddhism and Christianity. A Contrast Seven Qnestions in Dispute. William Jen- and a Parallel. J. Estlin Carpenter. 319 nings Bryan. 158 pp. $1.25. Fleming pp. 3s, 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon. H. Revell Co. New York. 1924. don. 1923.

Guinea Evangelization Society

Former Savages Are Transformed Into Christian Workers Through the Teaching of the Bible You Can Help—lf You Will Kwato Needs a Bible School. It Will Cost $50,000 and Will Train Papuan Christians to Win Their Countrymen to Christ THIS SCHOOL INCLUDES Dormitory for Girls ……… $1,500 Dormitory for Boys……… 1,500 ASchooIBuilding ………. 5,000 Dormitory for Women. . . . . . 4,000 DGrmitoryfor Men……… 4,000 Community Dining Hall….. 3,500 A Kitchen……………. 2,000 A RAW NEW GUINEA HEATHEN One Hundred Dollars a Year Will Train Two Christian Evangelists Graduated Volunteers Are Ready to Go Out from America if Their Support Is Provided A Hospital Is Greatly Needed for a Popu~ . lation of 20,000 Pc::ople. It Will .Also Train Native Nurses. Total Cost, $50,000 A Child in the Mission School Can Be Supported for $30 a Year WILL YOU HELP?

Send Your gifts 10: KAGO, A PAPUAN EVANGEUST WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York New Guinea Evangelization Society, Inc.

REV, CHARLES W. ABEL, Miaaionary Jorn the Societ)'. Quarterly Reports Will Be Mailed to Members BOARD OF DIRECTORS Samuel R. Boggs. Pres. Allan Sutherland, Sa. Philip E. Ho'ward John L. Steele Hugh R. Monro. Vue-Pres. Delavan L. Pierson Valter Th{cDougal1, Treas. Rev. Charles ", Abel Arthur Y. Meeker Robert P. Vilder II"" G. A. Miller Alwyn flaB, Jr.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1918

Million Dollars for Relief Glimpses of

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(Selected from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD for July.) i — =— !i 1. Over ten million dollars has been received and forwarded by the Armenian-Syri~n = :: Relief Committee to relieve the distressing need. Between six and ten thousand :: orphan children are being cared for in homes. The older ones are being taught :: –:: useful trades and plans are being made for the reconstruction period. (See –:: page 491.) = = – ==:E: 2. A soldier in a Southern camp summed up the work of the Y. M. C. A. by saying =:: UIt takes the sick out of homesick." (See page 507.) :: =§ 3. The spirit of many who have suffert:d most is shown in a twelve-year-old Armenian 5 ~~ln~~ ~~d ~~:l~de~a~~thh~O~o;J~~'''T~~ ~1~~~:;:tG~Je~i:::s~~sa:~rcot~~cl~:~ .§ —:: –:: and innumerable." (See page 497.) =:: :: 4. Idolatry is not dead in China Even students from a government normal school were –:: –:: among the crowds of peasants who gathered at a Taoist temple and went through -=i:: many idolatrous practices. (See page 500.) == _~=_ :: 5. The seriousness and extent of Mormon propaganda in these war days is seen in the =i:: fact that two prominent Mormons, one at least a known polygamist, have secured ._== =~_ appointments as United States army chaplains. (See page 541.) 6. Th'e president of the Philippine Senate recently said publicly to Protestant mis- sionaries that, though a .nominal Catholic, he was in favor of their work because of the results which the Protestant Church secured in transforming character.

~=:~- (See page 542.) =- ~= 7. The decision of Columbia University to make knowledge of the Bible one of its requirements for admission is one of many indications of the prominence that is being given to the Bible by a world at war. (See page 543.) 8. There are said to be 30,000 young men in the city of Valparaiso, Chile, who have -:: not had a school education. The evening classes conducted by the Y. M. C. A. are -:: helping many of them to get a better start in life. (See page 547.) ==== 9. A prominent British statesman of Asia Minor, declares that American mIsSionaries _=i must be foremost among those to whom is to be entrusted the task of regenerating -~ –§ Turkey after the war. (See page 549.) -== 10. In a form characteristically Indian, the gospel story is being put into popular song :: -:: and is playing a remarkable part in the present stage of the mass movement. :: (See page 550.) :: -:: =:E: 11. As the result of a remarkable movement, which is still going on under native leader- ship, some 10,000 of the Moslem population in Abyssinia have been baptized into == :: the Christian Church. (See page 557.) :: = :=: . . :==: ;tlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillIII11111111111111 1111111111III? Work in Turkey ~!

Thermometer Soars Social Reform in Porto Rico AMAP OF THE. CO}lTl!J(]S "

ou. "'IIW op ~ WORl..1) £. ZrALANQ I.N 'IH1a NVM'DIIR . Leaves from a Physician's Note Book u:ADUfCl ~ A)R) EDttOR1M5 NUt ~ wr'1'1'n&S ~ nMIIZIl OF .nw'8 l'I'1EM..S ow DLR COVJrrar sa ur.DtCJa:'D aY' AaAeIC. M1lMI!IUt.AI .~.. ……….. CANADA • 0. …'••••• 0.-· … ., •0 ••••• …………….,…….'…………………………….

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HOW THE WORLD HAS UNITED LIEF $10,500, TO HELP 3,000,000 DESTITUTE l:LF ……—+-……..—+- FRO FOREIGN LA D PEOPLE IN BIBLE LANDS THROUGH THE AND WHITHER IT HAS GO E AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR —-~) TO DISTRIBUTING CE TERS ARMENIAN AND SYRIAN RELIEF OCTOBER 1, 1915 TO JUNE 1, 1918 DRAWN FOR THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD HOW ALL THE MONEY CONTRIBUTED WAS DISTRIBUTED THROUGH VARIOUS CENTERS AND THE PRINCIPAL FORMS OF RELIEF WORK.

Russian Caucasus (for 25 Stations via Asia Minor (For SO Stations via Con- Syria-via Beirut, Sidon, Aleppo. Persia-via Tabriz and Teheran. Armenians in Switzerland. $10,000 for THlis). $2,752,923 for about 250,000 stantinople), $3,573,179 for Armenians $1,317,560. Food, clothing industries. $2,321,570. Food, seed, cattle, etc. Relief. Armenians. Orphanage, clothing and in Asia Minor. food relief. Spinning, weaving, carpen- Palestine-via Jerusalem. $420,000. Mesopotamia-via Baghdad. $50,000. Greece-via Athens, Salonica, Samos, try, shoemaking. Egypt-via Cairo and Port Said. Hospital, food, industries. Rescue homes, industries, supplies. $2,500 for relief. $35,674 sent. Industries established.

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. July, 1918 NUMBER SEVEN XLI.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES NEW SIGNS OF LIFE IN OHINA T HE Chinese Republic has not yet settled down to a united pro- gram of improvement and progress in politics, education and . religion. It is a large country with four times the population of the United States and only a small proportion are educated. There are, however, new evidences of spiritual progress in the response to the recent campaign conducted by Dr. Sherwood Eddy. Though China is rent by revolution and internal warfare, some seventy leading Con- fucian editors, governmental officials, business men and educators met Dr. Eddy at dinner in Canton to discuss the future of China. Among'

these men was the leader of the southern factions, the former head of China's navy. He attended the first two evangelistic meetings and showed deep interest in the message concerning Christ as the only Saviour. Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the first provisional president of the Re- public, was also present. Sun Yat Sen invited Dr. Eddy to address one hundred of his officers and officials upon the subject of Christianity, and the Christians who were present started personal work among the non-Christian officials. Several, including a member of Parliament, gave themselves to Christ.

The unique feature of Dr. Eddy's campaign this year is that it centers in the Chinese church. The aim is not so much to hold large meetings as to vitalize and organize the Christians to go out and win their non-Christian friends. On the previous campaign hU'ge numbers of enquirers and converts from the non-Christian community were turned over to the churches that were often unprepared to receive them.

This year a new standard and system was adopted that promises much more far-reaching and permanent results.

On the last night in Canton the Chinese pastors of the twenty- eight local churches were ,seated on the platform. As the name of each church was called, the pastor' rose, then his workers in the audience,

then the new converts who had been won by them or who had made the . decision for Christ during the week. What an inspiring sight it was to see each pastor lead out his little ftock of twenty, thirty, forty or fifty to begin their weekly Bible class and to extend the work of winning the millions of China one by one.

Excellent preliminary work was done by Mr. Buchman, and others, who went in advance to prepare the way. Chinese pastors, workers and Christians have been quickened as a result and it seems that a new era of personal evangelism has begun in China. Twelve hundred Chinese Christians in Canton held a daily meeting to train in personal work. The century of seed sowing is bearing fruit. The fields were ripe for harvest. Specialists were kept busy night and day in interviews, organ- izing Bible classes, dealing with enquirers and hearing confessions of sin. This was the program in each of the cities visited. What does it mean for China when four hundred Chinese Christian workers meet to train for personal evangelism and each bring two non-Christian friends?

Dr. Eddy writes in a personal letter: "It is my belief that a new application of the method of personal work has been discovered and applied in the preparation for these meetings which will extend throughout the whole of Asia, with incalculable blessing. Weare filled with thanksgiving because of what has already been accomplished. Let us not despise the day of small things. Robert Morrison landed in South China a century ago and preached the gospel in danger of his life, beaten by his own servants, publicly insulted, laboring for seven- teen years to translate the Scriptures. After seven years, iIi secret and in danger, he baptized his first convert. The Chinese in those days stretched across the river a chain cable, forbidding access to all for- eigners, like the great wall of exclusion which shut out the hated "for- eign devil" and his new ideas and religion. Here in the city where Morrison seemed to labor so long in vain, we have seen gathered what was said to be the most inftuential audience of non-Christians ever as· sembled in an evangelistic meeting in the city. Here with open minrl and earnest purpose they listened to a presentation of the gospel, and here several hundred non-Christian men have publicly taken their stano and entered the Christian life. A new day is dawning, a new Orient is being born, and the call comes to the West for us to enter our great heritage of opportunity for service and the regeneration of the Orient."

PROGRESS TOWARD ONION IN INDIA I N INDIA, as in America, the branches of the Christian Church most nearly allied are taking steps looking toward organic union. Last January the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in India passed, with great enthllsiasm, a resolution to the followinO'

l:!

effect: "That in view of the universal readiness on the part of the Presbyterian

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

Church in India for organic union with other Christian bodies and in view of the present opportunities in different parts of India for re-opening this question, the Committee on Union be instructed in connection with the synod of Bombay to open negotiations with the Churches of the American Matathi Mission, also with the Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Presbytery of Assam, and, as opportunity offers, with other churches, and that the Committee be further instructed to approach the South India United Church as to the possibility of forming a United Church for all India."

The General Assembly of the Congregational Churches of Western India responded with a resolution as follows: "Resolved that the General Aikya (or Ecclesiastical Union) of the Congregational Churches of Western India joyfully responds to the action of the Presbyterian Church, and directs its committee on Church Union to communicate with the Committee of the Presbyterian Church in order to consider possible organic union with that Church and other Churches in a United Church for all India."

The Welsh Calvanistic Methodist Assembly appointed a special committee and adopted the following resolutions at the meeting in Sylhet: "Believing that it is the will of our Lord and Master Jesus Christ we resolve to unite; believing also that such a union will meet the approval of the General Assembly in Wales, we seek its sanction and ask for its blessing on our decision."

These are logical steps following the organization of the United Ohurch of South India. The Protestant Christians on the various mission fields are growing more and more dissatisfied with any attempt to perpetuate denominational differences and divisions of Europe and America. They wish to emphasize allegiance to Jesus Christ and united effort to promote His ideals and His Kingdom.

THE POLITIOAL FUTURE OF INDIA —- T IS difficult to define the political situation in India or to exag- I gerate its critical character. The British Government has declared that the policy to be pursued is to prepare India to govern itself and an installment of self-government is to be expected at the close of the war. The Secretary of State for India has recently visited that country with a view to learning the wishes of different sections of th~ people and his report will have a far reaching effect on the future of that land. The National Missionary Council has decided to issue an open letter to missionaries, calling upon them to consider afresh the great ideals for which, in the providence of God, governments exist; and to let those principles dominate and control their own thinking in these times of controversy and, when occasion requires, to make these principles clear to others. The Oouncil declares that it is as much an ideal of good government to provide for everyone of its subjects the oppor· tunity for the development of his personality as it is to provide for the whole body politic the blessings of order, peace and justice. The missionary body is called upon to commit the issues of the present time to

God in the full confidence of faith and hope, knowing that He who called them to be fellow workers with Him is working in them and in others toward the fulfilling of His eternal purposes of good.

The present situation is made more difficult by the fact that not less than one hundred of the missionaries in India have left their fltations to engage in active war service, some as combatants, some as chaplains, and others as doctors and nurses. A number of medical men and nurses have also offered themselves to the Government for local service, thus setting free others to go to the front. The missionaries realize the significance of the war and are loyally helping the government and have rejoiced to take their humble part in advancing the cause of human freedom.

The future of German Missions in India is a most difficult and delic~te matter. When present arrangements were made, it was hopeu that the war would have been at a.n end before this, but conditions have so greatly altered that many have grave doubt whether Germans will for many years be permitted to work in India. The great work that German missionaries have accomplished must be conserved and extended. It is, therefore, necessary that steps be agreed upon as to the course to be adopted as soon as the terms of peace are made known. The. National Missionary Council is unanimously of opinion that those in temporary charge of German missions should discuss the question with Indian pastors and see if some working agreement can be reached.

FOREIGN MISSIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN I N GERMANY, foreign missions have died from lack of nutrition during the war. Some believe that after the war Germany herself must be evangelized. French Protestant missions have become weak and almost lifeless because of the draftiQg of men and money for the great European struggle. In America, while some societies have suffered, there has been a general increase in giving; the Baptists have launched a million dollar campaign and the Methodists have adopted an $80,000,000 centenary program.

Great Britain, with its great missionary enterprises, has been called upon to make immense sacrifices. Men and money have been poured out like water to redeem Belgium and establish a worthy peace. The missionary societies have naturally faced many difficulties and some have large deficits. Nevertheless the outlook is wonderfully hopeful. There is no drawing back but rather a forward program. Many of the German stations are now cared for by British missionaries and some new fields are to be occupied as soon as possible. Of the twentyone Protestant societies having their headquarters in London about onethird report a decrease in incomes-the C. M. S. $100,000, the Baptists $35,000 and the Friends $6,000. Others, however, show an increase in receipts. The Wesleyans report an advance of 5 per cent.; the Bible

Society has had the largest income in its history; the Tract Society, Presbyterians, and Mission to Lepers have-received substantial increases and the China Inland Mission, with $35,000 more than last year, has had one of the best financial years in its history.

The reports from many British mission fields are also encouraging. Jn spite of.unrest in China, the Ohina Inland Mission alone reports 4,629 baptisms during the year-the second largest in its history; the London Missionary Society reports increased self-support among its churches in the South Seas; the South American Missionary Society has found many new open doors in Latin-America; the C. M. S. reports Christward movements among Moslems in India and many societies are planning for new advances after the war.

The British Mission Secretaries report that they have every reason to thank God and take courage. With the nation putting every available man in the battle line, spending thirty million dollars a day for the war, and facing large advances in the cost of food and clothing; Christian people are still maintaining the work of God for the unreached millions abroad.

SOOIAL REFORM IN PORTO RIOO T HE Committee on Social Reform of the Evangelical Union of Porto Rico has issued a most interesting report. The triumph of prohibition in Porto Rico, which took place a year ago, was celebrated this year on March 2nd by means of parades, meetings and addresses in evangelical churches and Sunday schools.

The "traffic of women" is recognized as an outstanding evil in Porto Rico, and innumerable unhappy girls, almost children, daily fall victims to this evil. Misery, lack of education, bad treatm~nt in the home and above all the wickedness of men, cause the alarming increase rather than the decrease of this evil.

Municipal authorities are asked to pass laws to prohibit the establishment of houses of ill fame and the exhibition of unfortunate women in parks and plazas and other public centers. The Legislative Assembly is asked to pass a law like the one now in force in Oalifornia, punishing the owners of houses of ill fame. Ohristian pastors are also urged to instruct their young people concerning the dangers and awful consequences of immorality.

Gambling is another evil dealt with in the report. The plan to combat it is through the Sunday schools, through literature and personal work among young people. An educational campaign for social reform is also to be conducted by means of lanterns and moving pictures. Slides of educational value are to be provided by the churches and young people's societies.

The committee further recommends that churches give particular attention to Porto Rican soldiers going into the war, enrolling them

in an honor roll conspicuously placed in the church and helping to look after their moral and social life in the camps.

The Evangelical Union also proposes to establish a new union theological seminary for Porto Rico, in which it is expected that eight churches will co-operate. These are some of the effects of the transfer of Porto Rico from Spanish to American control and from Roman Catholic to Protestant influence and ideals.

A PRESBYTERIAN PROGRAM OF PROGRESS A "NE1;Y Era Expansion Program" was launched by the Northern Presbyterian General Assembly in Columbus, Ohio, in Uay. The details were not decided upon but a large representative committee was appointed and expect. to formulate a comprehensive plan to include emphasis on evangelism, religion in the family, Christian education, missions, social service and stewardship. Among the features suggested for this program are a million new members in five years, a seventy-five million budget for advance work, the enlistment of returning soldiers and Y. M. C. A. workers in Christian service and the adoption of a higher ideal of stewardship.

The Presbyterian Assemblies, north and south, and the United Presbyterians also took further steps toward union, though no definite decision was reached. In the northern assembly the committee on "Church Co-operation and Union" was continued and resolved to overture other evangelical churches of America to join in a conference looking toward the organic union of Protestant forces. The Assembly furthermore declared their "profound conviction that the time has come for organic church union of the Evangelical churches of America.".

The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of the U. S. (South) meeting at Durant, Oklahoma, voted to continue the Committee on Union and Federation. While the Assembly was opposed to organic union at this time they approved the idea of };~ederal union of all Presbyterian and Reformed Churches of the United States.

The UIiited Presbyterian Church, at their General Assembly in Pittsburgh, was sympathetic toward church union and will no doubt join in the conference which is to be held sometime this year. Unity is more important than union and co-operation than combination, but it is time for Christians to get together.

THE WAR BRING CHURCH UNION?

O NE obvious lesson that the war is teaching us is the necessity of co-operation and the value of a union of forces in the great campaign to win the world for Jesus Christ. The various branches of the church differ as to many non-essentials – in matters of church government, forms of worship, rites and sacrament and some matters of doctrine and practise. The great essential on which all Christians and all churches must be united is union with and submission to Jesus Christ as the divine Lord and Saviour of man. All who belong to Him should have no difficulty in uniting for the common task though they need not lose all individuality.

The soldiers at the front are also growing impatient at minor distinctions and divisions in Christendom. They are holding union services at the front. The Y. M. C. A. workers come from all denominations and have no distinctive labels. They are known by their fruits-by Christlike character, and by self-sacrificing service. On General Pershing's staff of Chaplain Generals are three men-Bishop Charles H. Brent, an Episcopalian, Rev. Paul D. Moody, a Congregationalist, and a Roman Catholic priest. Bishop Brent wrote as follows on Easter Sunday to a personal friend: "Just as now is the time to strike for the unity of nations so is it the time to strike for the unity of the churches. I wonder how many people at home realize that our chief difficulty in connection with the morals of the army is due to the divided church. Many feel it so keenly that they can see no enduring or substantial good coming out of our purely physical or human effort without some movement pari passu earnestly aiming for a Kingdom of God among men not divided against itself.

"Last Sunday I was with our fellows just before they went into 1Ihe great battle, some of them to die before the week closed. In one place the chaplain asked for the use of the French church. It was refused. The school house was refused. The little town was so crowded with soldiers that the only place we could find for service where we were welcome was a barnyard. There under the wide spreading eaves of a great barn we set up an improvised altar. The French peasants and the cattle that stood by were hospitable to us. The weather was bleak and dull. It was Bethlehem over again as the massed khaki knelt in the litter of straw before the Christ of Bethlehem. There was no room for Him in the inn. All that exclusiveness can do is to shut out men from itself and drive them nearer to God. Sometimes ecclesiasticism is so cold and cruel with its anathemas and lack of vision that one wonders how God can continue to use it for His Kingdom-if He does.

"It seems to me the time has come for us to do something daring and loving for the Kingdom's sake. It is antediluvian to continue thinking in mere terms of continuity or of yesterday. We must both think and act in terms of the new order, in terms of the Kingdom cif God. Individual effort of course must be continued and has its effect. But the churches should act. The constitutional assembly of everyone should meet for the definite purpose of moving for a Conference on the peace of the churches, with no other aim to

distract. Then the churches willing to share in such a Conference should do so, regardless of those which might choose to sit apart. The world is faIling to pieces, the churches are tagging on behind the armies, and nothing is being done that is worthy the name of witness bearing for unity as Christ begs o( us to interpret it. Happy the church that takes the lead in such an adventure of faith!

There is room for difference of opinion and for individualism in the church; there is even room for differences in types of organization, in kinds of work done, in forms of worship and even in emphasis on various doctrines and practices ; but there is no room for antagonism, for unfriendly riv~lry or disputes; there is no excuse for lack of co- operation or refusal to recognize other followers of Christ as brethren. Those who recognize and respond to the HeadShip of Christ are members of His Body; those whom our Lord welcomes to His table are members of His Family, those arrayed against His enemies are enlisted on His side; and those whom He uses to advance His cause are comrades in service. It is time to emphasize the great and crying need of all mankind for the life that Christ gives and not to dispute about sec- tarian clothing. Let us prove by word and deed that Jesus Christ does save, satisfy and empower His followers and make them different from others. Union with Jesus Christ brings true union among His followers.

AN APPEAL FOR CO-OPERATION T HE Home Mission Council, representing all Protestant denomin- ational home mission and church extension boards and societies in the United States has sent out an appeal in the present worldcrisis for loyal support and co-operation in the great spiritual work in which Christians are engaged. .'

"We must economize in money and in men for the sake of that spiritual integrity without which the nation must stand impotent before its great task. Nothing must be permitted to reduce the spiritual ef- ficiency of the national life. The task committed. to the churches must be prosecuted with a vigor and intelligence not hitherto known. Their work must become more extensive and intensive everywhere. For this reason the reproach of overlapping and duplication of money and lead- ership must be removed. Our efforts of recent years to achieve this must be redoubled and all remaining instances of waste resolutely elimina ted.

"We therefore urgently appeal to the people in all home mission charges to practice those economies in their religious organization which are required of our society in every other department, to merge their groups in worship and community work, to save fuel when it may be possible by uniting congregations, to release for other forms of national and community service one or more of the ministers in over- lapping parishes, to utilize emergency inter-church committees for the regular ministry of the churches and to project new plans of inter-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

church community service, to release unused church property by sale or for temporary employment as may be required, to utilize all church buildings so far as practicable for continuous week-through service in temporary or permanent community enterprises, and in every other manner to conserve church resources and strengthen by co-operation the churches' programs."

The Council appeals to all local, district, State and regional denominational committees, societies and boards responsible for the dispensing of home mission funds to reach agreements with agencies of other denominations operating in the same territory by which all duplications of money aid in the same community shall be rigidly eliminated and workers shall be utilized for unhampered community work, no energies and resources being wasted by sectarian competition or duplication. They appeal to all churches located in rural communities, and to agencies aiding by money grants or other assistance in such communities, to institute and zealously to prosecute plans for the conservation of food and the quickening of production, inspiring our rural populations "ith the sense of the holy task into which the national mission in the world has called them.

All churches and missions ministering to communities or individuals employing alien speech and otherwise detached from our common American life and its purposes, and all agencies aiding such churches and missions by money or leadership, should redouble their efforts in a new and holier sympathy by way of extending the common use of our common language and an appreciation of those historic and forwardlooking purposes which have made this nation what it is.

National boards and societies administering home mission funds should scrutinize their fiscal budgets with-new zeal, to institute closer conference between one another in the organization of schedules of money grants and by every means practicable to see that their funds are not duplicated in aided communities or otherwise unwisely employed in aid of mission work. Let them organize all available forces under co-operative programs to help the nation meet the present emergency and to seek through the fiery trial of this world crisis those providential lessons designed to inspire a new ministry of reconciliation, a new and wider co-operative program among religious forces, and a new conception and realization of the Kingdom of Heaven on earth.

DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN NEGROES T HANKS to such institutions as Hampton and Tuskegee Insti- tutes, Fiske University and other educational work for Negroes, . conducted by northern and southern churches, the ten million American negroes have advanced wonderfully in physical, intellectual and spiritual lines. In the half century since the Civil War, the Negroes have more than doubled in population. There are now over 100,000 colored students in the 400 Normal Schools and 50 coUeges

of the south, 26 theological schools, 3 school of law, 4 of pharmacy, 5 of medicine and 17 agricultural colleges-all for Negroes. The cost of this higher education in one year is over $4,000,000, but it is training leadership for the millions of southern Negroes.

The most gratifying fact is that intelligent Christian leaders have been developed and are taking more and more responsibility for the training of their race. The Negro school teachers, physicians and lawyers are steadily increasing in number and influence. Their sanity is helping to solve the Negro problem in America. This is still largely one of education. Over 40 per cent. of the Negro children of school age are out of school and therefore growing up in idleness and ignorance. The criminal element is almost wholly in the ignorant class. There is a tremendous need for more adequate schooling facilities in the South and for an energetic grappling with the problem of the Negroes who have migrated ilOrthward from the south land, in order that they might better their condition.

WILL THE WAR DEMOLISH BARRIERS?

I N the midst of the horrors of war, we catch at a grain of comfort. While some races seem to.be driven apart by the conflict, others are drawn closer together. While former friends were alienated, those who were beforetime enemies become acquainted. Not only are useless denominational barriers broken down, but the people of India and Africa, who have come to France, are learning to know the Euro· pean and are having many prejudices and superstitions removed.

Indian Christian workers, who have gone to France with their countrymen enlisted in the Allied cause, are having some remarkable experiences. One of them tells of sitting down to eat with a group of Mohammedans. His statement that he was a Christian was at first received with horror, for their conception of a Christian was a blasphemer who ate pork, and to eat with whom would be pollution. But one of them exclaimed, "CInistian or no Christian, you are our friend, and all of us are grateful for all that you people are doing for us. I, for one, am going to eat with you and deem it a great honor."

This Christian worker continues: "My best friends were a clique of orthodox Hindus~ full of great resolves, but loath to give up the caste system. They had invited me to many dainty dinners, but never shared the food with me. They always waited on me, pretending that it was purely out of respect. I did not probe further into their motives. The day came when they were to leave for the front. The train was about to start, when one of them handed me a cup of water. I had taken a sip when he took it back and drank of it himself. Then he passed the cup to others and every man drank a little out of it. 'This is t1}.e seal of friendship,' he said, 'and we hereby break caste forever.' "

Are these Indian soldiers learning the true meaning of "Brotherhood"? If so, they may be more ready to listen to Ohristian teachers.

WOMEN REFUGEES CARDING WOOL FOR

Ten Million Dollars For Relief A BRIEl!' ACCOUNT' OF 'l'HE WORK OF THE AMERICAN COllIU'r'l'EE FOR ARMENIAN AND SYRIAN RELIEF BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Chairman of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief.

A LTHOUGH the Armenian atrocities began in Asia Minor in the spring of 1915, the fact did not begin to reach the outside world until past midsummer. Representatives of American mis· sionary and educational in.terests in Turkey met in the office of Cleve· land H. Dodge, in New York, that September, and sent two men to Washington who learned through the State Department that the condi· tions among the Armenians were even more horrible than had been imago ined. The facts were given to the press, and a general relief committee was formed with Charles R. Crane as treasurer and Samuel T. Dutton secretary.* Charles V. Vickrey was assigned to the work by the Lay· men's Missionary Movement and has served untiringly as directing secretary.

The need and opportunity to reach the destitute has increased and has extended over wide areas within the Turkish Empire. The original field, which at first comprised only the eastern section of Asiatic Turkey, soon came to cover the entire Turkish Empire, the Transcaucasus in * The Committee was originally formed with Armenian relief alone in view, as they alone were then attacked. The then existing Armenian committees combined with this American committee, and later, ·as the atrocities extended, the name was enlarged to Include relief among the ~yrillns, and still later among the Greeks also.

Russia, large areas in Persia, as well as refugees in Egypt; and since the Allies have made their advance in Syria, the committee has entered upon an effective work of relief in Palestine.

On account of the appalling conditions and the fact that no representatives of the Red Cross could get into many sections of the field~ the war council of the Red Cross made a contribution of over $2,000,000 to the work of the committee, which had the cooperation of all of the missionaries of the American Board already on the ground and scattered from Constantinople clear across Asia Minor to Persia. ·There were missionaries of the Presbyterian Board in Persia,· Syria and Palestine; as well as of several smaller missionary societies; also the American faculties in the SyrianProtestant College at Beirut, in Robert College at Constantinople, and in other American colleges at Smyrna, Marsovan, Harpoot, Aintab, etc.

Ambassadors Morgenthau and Elkus, and the American Consuls in Turkey and Persia, rendered conspicuous service in ascertaining the needs and in inaugurating and promoting effective relief measures.

It is a noteworthy fact that in the work of relief distribution every cent of the money went to the field, as the expense of organization and collecting were privately met. Neither were the funds used in paying the salaries of the distributors, as the missionary societies and the colleges and the diplomatic and consular offices were supported from other sources.

The present treasurer of the committee; Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge, has not only furnished the funds to meet all the expenses connected with the giving out of knowledge and the cultivation of the constituency and the raising of funds, but he has contributed liberally to the general fund and has given himself unstintedly as a working member of the executive committee. During the first three months after this committee was organized in the autumn of 1915, only $177,000 were received and appropriated. During the year 1916 the amount collected and forwarded to the field (in round numbers) was $2,100,000; in 1917 the amount received and appropriated was $4,498,000, making the total receipts of the committee, for the first 27 months, $6,775,000-including the $1,900,000 appropriated by the Red Cross. . For the first three months of the present year the receipts of the committee have averaged nearly $800,000 a month.

The relief funds have been distributed as follows: To Constantinople, for uses within the Asiatic sec- tion of the Turkish Empire, nearly. . . . . . . . . . . . .. $3,573,000 To Tiflis, in the Transcaucasus . . . . . . ' ….. , . . . . … 2,754,000 To Persia ………………………………. 2,321,000 Directly to Beirut, for northern Syria. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,315,000 To Cairo, Bagdad, Jerusalem, etc. . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . 506,000 Total to May 31st. …………………. $10,469,000 This moner has been sent by cable in the form of credits to the

TEN MILLION DOLLARS FOR RELIEF

committee's representatives in relief centers, and those credits have been converted into cash by the local sale of drafts on the committee's banl{ in New York. This method has put into the hands of the local com- mittee without delay funds to use for the purchase of food and neces- sary supplies. Many drafts have not yet been presented for payment in New York and as the bank holds a sufficient balance to cover these drafts when presented, the com- mittee in the meantime is receiving interest. This makes it possible for the committee to say that its ex- penditures for relief in the field are in actual excess of the amount re- ceived from contributors!

The entire destitute and needy populations in Turkey are now esti- mated at not less than 2,500,000.

When the war is over and these people are able to return to their desolated homel;l, the larger question of reconstruction and rehabilita- tion will have to be faced. Many refugees are more than a thousand miles away from their homes, with no means whatever at their disposal. AN ARMENIAN llEFUGEE In a large number of instances their homes have been desolated and everything of which they were possessed taken from them. Large sums will be required to return these people to their homes and establish them upon a self-supporting basis.

The non-Moslem peoples of Turkey are probably more capable of recuperation after a disaster of this character than any other people on the face of the earth. They are not naturally helpless nor inclined to rely upon charity. Nevertheless they will need much help from outside to procure shelter for those whose homes have been ruined, tools and animals with which to till the soil, as well as seed for sowing. The committee is already giving attention to this great question of recon- struction. When the way opens, many experienced missionaries now in America, will be ready to go back and lend a hand in this reconstruction.

The work of relief will not be completed when the war is over.

The large number of orphans and widows must be provided for for many years, until they can become self-supporting, and at the same time there must be developed in the country educational, industrial and sanitary institutions that will meet in an adequate way the requirements of a country that has remained so backward during the centuries and whoee

desperate need has been revealed during the last few years. For this future we bespeak the cooperation of the people of America in the interests of a country which has suffered from misgovernment more than any other like area in Asia.

HOW THE MONEY HAs BEEN USED The Relief Committee was organized into departments: The Orphanage Department to look after the children, the Clothing Department, the Industrial Department, etc. One of the missionaries, Dr. Geo. C. Raynolds, was put at the head of the Orphanage Department, whose business it was to get Ul.e orphans together into homes, to see that the homes were organized with a house mother and to provide food and instruction for the children_ The last reports indicated that from six to ten thousand children had. been gathered into centers and kept alive and given some instruction. Dr. Raynolds has selected the most competent, mature and capable boys for instruction in iron work, carpentry, shoemaking, tailoring and other occupations. Wh~n they are repatriated to different parts of Turkey they will be ready intelligently to begin the work of reconstruction.

The great majority of the refugees that escaped into the Transcaucasus were women, so that industrial work was early organized among them. All of the refugees were destitute of adequate clothing. Wool and cotton were bought in the rough and in large quantities_ The wool was washed and the cotton was prepared by the men and the women able to work, and who have been given a small wage for their services, enough . to support them. The cotton and wool were spun and woven and made into garments which not only supplied the refugees with clothing but also the Russian military which paid a good price for them. Many thousands are engaged in this work and when communication was· broken off everything was working successfully. The looms on which they did their weaving were made portable so that when the time should come for these refugees to return to their homes the looms will be a part of their household furniture.

In Persia much has been done in returning the peasants to their homes from which they have been scattered. Relief money has here been used for seed and tools and cattle.

In Turkey, relief is now being distributed in the following centers: Constantinople, Brousa, Bardizag, Smyrna, Marsovan, Konia, Cesarea, Sivas, Adana, Hadjin, Marash, Tarsus, Aintab, Aleppo, Harpoot, Erzroom, Trebizond, Van, Beirut, Erivan, Etchmiadzin, Tiflis, Urumia and Alexandropol. In each of these places the committee has a foreign representative, most of them Americans. In other places in the neighborhood of the large distributing centers the relief work has been handled through trustworthy agents, generally former teachers in the American schools or pastors and leaders in the churches.

In Persia the relief work is carried on at Teheran, Urumia and Tabriz. Presbyterian missionaries in that field are working in the

outlying districts through the cooperation and aid of their various mission agents_ Work has recently been begun in Palestine and Syria_ A relief commission has also recently gone to Persia, with twelve members under the Jeadership of President Judson of Chicago University.

REFUGEES WEAVING THE CLOTH USED Fon THEIR CLOTHING For two years and a half the committee has endeavored to supply the needs in this respect of from one to two millions of people and to keep them from death. Very little that is permanent has been accomplished. The real permanent work must come when repatriation can begin.

AN INVESTIGATOR'S REPORT OF RELIEF WORK IN ARMENIA AND PERSIA Charles E. Beury, Esq., who went last year, with Dr. William T. Ellis, and made an investigation of the conditions and needs in the Caucasus, Persia and Eastern Turkey, has sent us the following statement of their findings: "The Armenian relief work observed by us is administered from the city of Erivan and a half dozen other centers in Southern Russia. It is under the supervision of some fifteen faithful and efficient foreign workers, mostly missionaries of the American Board. Under them are hundreds of tried and trusted native workers carrying out the systema: tized plan of administering help of one kind or another. It is questionable whether anybody except the missionaries could have undertaken

effectively this tremendous task. That the work has been carried on so successfully and without any graft is due to the providential circum- stance that the missionaries and their native workers, who know the people and the country, have been in charge.

Although the need among the refugees was overwhelming, the relief force from the very beginning undertook the work of saving in a syste- matic way. While it was necessary to care for the orphans and to feed the old and helpless, most of the relief effort endeavored to give the refugees some work to do. Through the American Committee weaving mills have been constructed by the workers so that today one sees cotton and wool taken in its raw state, washed and bleached and combed and spun and woven on looms made by the refugees themselves into durable cloth which is tailored into garments and used for clothing the needy. Many of these mills are very pretentious, containing scores of looms. They not only give the people employment but prevent them from being pauperized.

The whole relief plan with its index system and its checks on graft has been so efficient and successful that one cannot but heap praises upon it. It would satisfy the investigations of a Rockefeller Founda· tion. In addition to the money allowance to orphans and the establish· ment of orphanages, milk is furnished the children, and doctors with hospital facilities are ministering to the sick. The honesty which characterizes the administration and distribution of relief has also been a great lesson and example of how a big humanitarian undertaking can be conducted with fidelity even in an Oriental country that for genera· tions has winked at graft.

The Armenian refugees in the Caucasus are in a much improved condition as the result of the constant administration of relief but the problem of saving these people has become increasingly acute. A stipend of six rubles per month, allowed by the Russian government to each person, has now ceased because of the collapse of Russian finances. Con· sequently the one hundred and eighty thousand dependent people in the Caucasus who were receiving aid from this source are now in dire distress. They must be cared for by America, who alone has the wealth and resources sufficient to assume this added burden.

It is only necessary for one to travel-or struggle, for it is hardly traveling-down through the devastated zones of Armenia to appreciate fully the sacrifices which the missionaries are making and the perils which they are constantly confronting. They come in daily contact with deadly disease and live among the people who have lost most of their families and friends. Moreover, conditions are unstable and the menace of massacre and a 'holy war' constantly o'ershadows their lives. But despite these facts and the additional circumstances that nearly all these workers have struggled through the years of trial, they are with rare heroism and fortitude protecting and saving the lives of the refu- geed Christian host."

of Relief Work in

BY MARY W. RIGGS, HARPOOT, TURKEY IN ASIA Missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions FIRST .

N l1T1V}I) HELPER.-Here is an Armenian exile who has been driven all the way from the Black Sea coast and is now allowed to stay here in Harpoot. Have you a place where she can live? Lady Missionary.-What would you think of our putting her in the room over our bakery? She will be warmer there than in any other place. (To exile) Sister, if you take this bread ticket to the baker every day he will give you bread which will keep you alive. I will give you a mattress and quilt. ,The room wpere you are to stay is close to our gate and God will take care of you there. Do not be afraid. Where are your children?

Armenian Emile.-The little three·year-old boy is down in the street. Little Rosa was very sick in the camp where we were staying last. One of the guards who was a little kind was persuaded to take me on his horse to the American Hospital where we found a kind American doctor. I told him many women and children were sick and dying at the camp and how nothing was being done to relieve them. He ordered a wagon and went himself to the camp, having procured from the governor a written permission to bring the sick to his hospital. He has Rosa under his care now.

Lady Missionary-You must make this one bed do for all three of you.

_4rmenian Emile.-I kiss your feet. God bless you for your love.

SECOND Armenian Emile.-I come from a village far away. I was rich before I left home but now I shall have to eat the bread of others. God grant it may be for only a short time. My son went to America several years ago and if he can get word of my being here he will send me enough money to make me comfortable. Then I shall repay you for all your kindness. I am ignorant and cannot even sign my name. His father always wrote, but alas, they killed him.

Lady Missionary.-Come inside the Girls' School door where a teacher is sitting all day writing letters for just such as you. Let us pray that God will give your letter wings to reach your son quickly.

Armenian Emile.-Ah, let me love your hands. God reward you.

THIRD Native Helper.-This morning the sick refugee woman just outside our upper gate died, but no one has done anything. I am going to wash her body and I hope you will arrange for bqrying her.. She was just

a young bride when they took her husband away to kill him and drove her away with all her neighbors. She is nothing now but skin and bones.

Lady Missionary.-I know it will be hard to enter that room where she died all alone, but you go for love of Christ and He will help you. Send the gatekeeper to me. (Enter gatekeeper) Ohan, you must help me to know how we can bury the poor woman who died.

Gateke.eper.-She must be buried immediately or we cannot live there today. But who will dig the grave? Manoog and I would gladly dig it but you know we do not dare step out of the Mission compound. Weare almost the only Armenian men left alive and we are here only because we are your servants.

Lady Missionary.-There is no one else to dig the grave. I will go with you and if the police come I will tell them that you are mine. I will dig with you and we can do it qujckly.

Gatekeeper.-I will trust Christ and go with you.

FOURTH Lady Missionary.-What baby is that who is crying so weakly and so steadily?

Native H elper.-The poor little thing was born on the road just after her mother was driven from home. She has survived a long and terrible journey, but she will not live much longer. The baby is starving because the mother has nothing to eat but dry bread. The Little Mother (the missionary's wife) has ordered a bowl of milk or soup to be given from her own kitchen every day in the hope of saving the little one's life. The poor mother has only this one left of her five children.

FIFTH I"ady Missionary.-Look at that poor child standing in the snow in this bitter wind with nothing on but a ragged cotton shirt. Bring her in and see what we can find for her. I am afraid there is nothing left, unless I take that old faded curtain that I used last summer and make something for her.

Armenian School Girl.-While you are making her dress we will take her to the wash room and give her a bath. She needs one desperately.

SIX'fH Armenian Emile.-This is my child. Her name is Dziadzan (Rainbow) and she was in an American school in S – – before we were sent away from there. God protected her until now but she is not safe with me. A Turk is asking for her to make her his wife, but I cannot allow her to become a Mohammedan. When he comes again I will tell him she is dead.

IJady Mi88ionary.-But that will not be true. Armenian Emile.-Who cares for truth? But it will be true be-

GLIMPSES OF RELIEF WORK IN TURKEY

cause I am giving her to you and she will no longer be mine, she will be dead as far as I am concerned. By taking her you will save a soul.

SEVENTH Lady Missionary.-Zabel, please take this note down to the Little Father and bring me an answer.

Armenian School Girl.-He is not there now. We were in the yard . when a little boy came running and crying bitterly. We heard him tell the Little Father that the polic'e had just carried off his mother, that they would not look at the paper she had always in her bosom-the permission granted her by the governor to stay here after weeks of wandering over mountains and through deserts. She is a Syrian and they were not to be deported like the Armenians. The Little Father put on hjs hat, closed up his office, putting out a dozen or more people who were waiting to see him, and started off to the government build- ing. These cases always take hours. How tired he will be when he gets home! And how that Syrian woman and her little son will bless him if he succeeds in saving them!

An Armenian Refugee's Thanksgiving T HOUGHT out and written down by Surpouhi, a girl twelve years old in the Sunday-school of the Armenian Refugee Camp, Port Said, and translated word for word into English by Miss Mary E. Kinney: (1) "In the first place I am grateful to God for giving me a mind, because without that I could not think, or learn anything, neither could I tell Him of my gratitude for all the many blessings He has given me.

(2) I am thankful because He has given me parents. When I am in trouble they help me.

(3) I am thankful to Him because He helped us flee to the mountains and helped us out of all our troubles.

(4) I am thankful because' when the Turks attacked us our Father saved us from their hands.

(5) I am thankful because God sent some ships and rescued us from danger.

(6) I am thankful because after God brought us here He moved the hearts of many races, Americans, English, Europeans and other nations, to serve us in many ways. They opened schools, and gave us clothing and many other things.

(7) I am thankful because when the German aeroplanes came God saved us from harm.

(8) I am thankful because when the Tempter COmes to tempt us .God saves us from him.

(9) I am thankful because God never forgets us and we believe He will help us resist temptation.

(10) I am thankful because God always gives us food. We ought to thank Him each time before eating."

COMING FROM THE ALTAR OF THE MAIN TEMPLE OF WAN SHEO

LEAVING TREIROFFERINGS AT THE INCENSE BURNJilR

Idolatry Dead in China?

BY REV. CARL F. KUPFER, KIUKIANG, CHlNA . President of William Nast College I T is quite possible today for tourists to land at Shanghai and travel six hundred miles up the Yangtze river, calling en route at Chin- kiang, Nanking, Wuhu, Tatung, Nganking, Kiukiang and Hankow, and from there take the train to Peking, and then down to Tientsin and back to Shanghai, and not have seen even a vestige of idolatry, nor carry . away with them any true impression of the real life of the Chinese peo- ple. And it is also quite possible that foreign evangelists may spend some months in China, have large meetings, and receive th(' names of multitudes who pledge to study the Bible, and yet have no conception of the rankest idolatry within five minutes' walk of the tabernacle where the meetings were held.

Missionaries who are in the midst of the struggle against false gods have no such visionary impressions.

Soon after the easy victory of the rebellion over the Manchu GO''- ernment in 1911, in some places temples and idols were wantonly de· strayed. This, however, was not done by those who had been in closest touch with Christians and who wished to see idolatry supplanted by Christianity, but by those who care little for idols and less for the true God. This zeal against idolatry has completely disappeared, and in its place a revival of idolatrous worship is developing. In some plaCeS even missionary methods are being adopted to promote idolatry.

Some years ago I visited most of the great Buddhist and Taoist pilgrim centers in Mid-China, but to convince myself of the present tendency, I recently visited a Taoist center in the Western hills, twenty miles northwest of Nanchang, the provincial capital of Kiangsi.

. Pilgrimages to these shrines usually begin as soon as the rice harv- est is ended, and last about six weeks. The place described here is famil- iarly known by all Chinese as Hsi San Wan Sheo Kung-Western Hill Temple of Ten Thousand Ages. The name of the man so devoutly wor- shipped here is Shu Sun, meaning "Promise Obedience." He was born in Nanchang 338 A.D.. Mythical and whimsical indeed are the stories on record about him-all ardently believed. .

Before Shu Sun reached the age of manhood he delighted to prac- tise religious ceremonies, often wandering aimlessly about seeking for good spirits and a pleasant state of mental abstraction. During his wanderings he came to a place named Hsiao Yao, a low hill gently slop- ing to the south where he abode for a time as an ascetic. At the age of forty he accepted an official position as magistrate in Chin yang H sien, Szechuan, where he soon gained the love and respect of the people. When the Wu Dynasty had fallen and the Western Dynasty had be-

come degenerate and evil, he retired from official life and returned to his home at H 8iao Yao. The people of Szechuan erected a temple and placed in it an image of him as a god. The legend says that at the age of 105 he and his family of 42 persons ascended to heaven with all of his domestic animals.

From that time, a temple in the Western Hills was developed, until the Emperor Ta Ohung of the Sung Dynasty in 1008 made an imperial grant and the "Jade Surpassing Temple of Ten Thousand Ages" was erected, and the people took great interest in worshipping there.

In the year 1368, during the Ming Dynasty, this temple was re- built, and again, after 400 years, Emperor Chien Lung rebuilt it, making it more beautiful ,than at first. In 1862 Emperor Tung Ohih again renovated and beautified it. The present temple was last repaired in 1905, and may be considered one of the fine temples of the Taoist religion.

On the east is the temple of the three gods-heaven, earth and water-where the idols sit enshrined, but receiving scant attention compared with the main temple. The second temple, though covered with white and green porcelain tiles, is only of medium importance. The chief god here is K wan til the god of war, a most ferocious-looking image. The three "Pure Ones," who have a place here, stand for the principles: "We must have pure men and then only can we have pure knowledge."

In the main temple called: "The Eminent Illustrious Hall," sits enshrined Shu Sun} also called the "True Filial Sacred One." He is clothed with a yellow satin 'robe, and in his folded hands he holds a tablet before his breast as if at audience with the emperor. Upon his head he wears a gold-embroidered crown. Over the entrance to his shrine there is an inscription: "They who pray to him in truth and sincerity will receive an answer." In front are two large incense burners in which the offerings of the worshippers are consumed by fire.

In front of this altar, in full view of Shu Sun}s image the pilgrims present their petitions and receive their answer. They come by the thousands from far and near during the months of September and October. They always travel together in clans or societies, with the name of their organization embroidered on silk banners and sashes of different colors, chiefly yellow, the leaders carrying a dragon grotesquely carved from a bamboo growth, with a burning incense stick in its mouth. The dragon is always held horizontally while in the procession. This fictitious animal is usually considered an emblem of power, for even his breath has geomantic influences. The banner bearer follows the dragon. Then come the musicians who make the air scintillate with their cymbals, fifes, bugles and drums. Wherever they come from, they all keep the same time and make the same nerve-racking noise.

At the rear of the main building is a plain, humble, much neglected temple where the wife of Shu Sun officiates. The image is of human

IS IDOLATRY DEAD IN CHINA?

WHERE THE PRESIDENT OF THE CHINESE REPUBLIC GOES TO WORSHIP The wonderful temple of Heaven at Peking. The work is done in marble, most in- tricately carved. The woodwork is marvelously executed. The roofs are of brilliantly colored tiles of purple blue.

size seemingly made of white porcelain. To her right and left stand two female servants. At her altar only women quietly gather without fifes or drums.

One Sunday in October I sat the whole day at a side nook in plain view of the great temple-altar, watching the continuous procession of societies coming in rapid succession through the main entrance increasing their speed and the volume of their music as they approached the altar of Shu Sun, crowding up as closely as space permitted. Arrived there they dropped upon their knees and began with their Kotow, bumping their headl'l three times upon the stone floor, while the musicians were keeping up the noise. Upon the floor were bamboo stickl'l each with a different number, and the Ohiao Kua for the free use of the suppliants. Now these Ohiao K ua are two small pieces of wood or bamboo shaped like kidneys with one side convex and the other concave. The suppliant

chooses Ii pair of these, and trys his luck. If both convex sides turn up, the answer to his petition is ((ymtg yang," indifferently good; if both concave sides turn up, it is ({yin yin," negative and bad; but if one con- vex, and one concave side turn up, then the answer is ((shen kua," abso- lutelyaffirmative. There is always a "Kotow" after the pitching of the Chiao, whether it fell favorably or unfavorably. If the answer is affirma- tive, then one of the bamboo sticks is chosen and the suppliant goes to the rear of the temple where, in a long porch separated by a railing, there are a number of Taoist priests, who ham} to the worshipper a slip of paper bearing the corresponding number of the bamboo stick. Upon these slips are written a few characters which very few of the worship- pers can decipher. They return cheerful and satisfied, feeling well rewarded for the sacrifice it cost to obtain them. Whether successful or not, they leave an offering to the god.

A few steps below the altar are two huge incense burners in which are consumed the sacrifices, consisting chiefly of mock-money, incense, sandal wood, rockets and fire crackers. This done, the worshippers make one more gentle bow to the idol, and leave the temple grounds.

Scarcely have they disappeared, when young men and middle-aged men pounce upon the sacrifices and rake them out of the burning embers, to resell them to other pilgrims. .

The unfavored petitioners disclosed something of the inner life of the idol worshippers. Among these I noticed a man and his wife, neither of them over 30 years of age, who had doubtless come to the altar of Shu Sun with a very definite object. They knelt at one side of the altar by themselves to try their luck with the Chiao Kua, but the god seemed to be against them_ They threw the Ohiao again and again, but it al- ways answered indifferently or negatively. After a stoical look into each other's face, as if to give the idol time to think, the man cast once more. A painful look crept over their faces when they saw the result, and glancing up into the large placid face of the idol, they quietly walked away. From all that can be learned, the object of the pilgrims'

visits to the shrine is always some temporal blessing-either wealth, position or heirs to perpetuate the family name. Some petition the idol to choose a blessing for them, and so reveal a belief in a guiding spirit. They show their sense of need for something they cannot obtain for themselves, and thus are more hopeful from a missionary point of view. The most successful can hope to carry away nothing more than a slip of paper with a few enigmatical words written upon it.

Here is a free translation of a few slips chosen at random: NUMBER TWENTY PROTECTS FROM MISFORTUNE.

"The firefly coveting light throws itself into the fire. Unexpected death comes to it because of its foolishness and lack of knowledge. Being ignorant, it delights to be where there is pleasure not knowing its danger; nor does it know of life and death. If its life is to be saved, it should not forget kindness, nor should it again go into danger. Only then it can have peace."

· 1918] IS IDOLATRY DEAD IN CHINA?

NUMBER FORTY-SEVEN I~ A SECOND-CLASS FORTUNE SLIP.

"To select a good place for a home, it is well first to choose good neighbors; for frequent moving is wasted energy. When the plant by the side of the porch gives the appearance of spring, then the yellow birds in the bushes will sing to us of the good news of joyful days."

NUMBER FORTY-FIVE IS A FIRST-CLASS FORTUNE SLIP.

"The green meadow outsid~ of the porch is thick, and the green leaves on the willow branches are large. There is nothing to separatt' us from the clouds or mountains, and we can easily see the new moon from the west window of our home."

An interpretation of this is: "Blessings will be bestowed from heaven when the opportune time comes. In its own good time prosperity will come like the grass in the meadow and leaves on the willow in summer season and the shining moon."

Such are the answers from the god in whom they believe, yet during each season, between 700,000 and 800,000 worshippers come to this shrine. Let no one in the home lands think that this belief is waning among the people at large.

Less than a year ago, we thought that Oonfucianism, as a religion, had received its death blow; for parliament declared itself against it as the State Religion, the argument rightly being that it could only be considered as State Ethics. But the tendency of the present government is seen in the fact that on September 22d, a little after 6 o'clock in the morning, the President of the Republic and all the officials assembled at the temple of Oonfucius in the north-east part of Peking and paid obeisance to the spirit of Oonfucius. It was a dress-parade. Military and naval attire and decoration almost equalled the Manchu days of mandarin robes, yellow jackets and peacock feathers. The route for the President was lined with soldiers and police. He rode with speed in an iron-clad automobile. At the ceremony, Confucius was duly honored by Peking officialdom under the Republic.

In localities ,,~here there are military operations the Buddhists, Oonfucianists and Taoists are laboring under great difficulties. The soldiers occupy the temples, desecrating and mutilating idols and shrines, and the priests have no redress or appeal. Yet Buddhists and Taoists still have a firm grip on the common people, while Taoism is unquestionably putting forth strong efforts to bring about a revival of its religion_ In the southern parts of this province, the priests are beginning to imitate the methods of Ohristian missionaries. They distribute tracts on the Tao ("the Word"); they organize societies and have preaching halls for members in crowded centers.

While many individuals and families have been won to Ohristianity, and have become happy, cheerful followers of Christ, the people in general have no conception of spiritual things. There is no contrition for sin; nor is any petition for pardon ever brought before the gods.. Spiritually, they are as dead as the bones which the prophet "liiaw in

the open valley." Heathenism dies hard. Double and fourfold should the efforts of the Christian Church be in this political transition period. The danger is that, after these upheavals of revolutions, the temporal conditions will improve, and the people will become so engrossed in their efforts to gain material blessings, that even their religious acts will be more and more centered in that one supreme thought of rank, wealth and progeny.

Have the Chinese lost faith in their gods? Not yet. In Nanchang there was a large beautiful temple to this same god Shii Siin, bearing the same name: "Temple of Ten Thousand Ages." It cost them $120,- 000. Last year, this temple was destroyed by fire. Now it is to be rebuilt, far more beautiful and substantial than the first one. It is to cost $230,- 000. The directors are asking the people to contribute $100,000, and $130,000 are to be taken from the temple endowment fund. The subscriptions have already reached $140,600. Such is the zeal for the maintenance of their places of worship.

"Idolatry is not dying out even in centers where strenuous missionary efforts have been pursued and the power of the Gospel has mightily worked. Here within sight of Kiukiang, where mission work has been going on uninterruptedly over fifty years, and where there are more than 1,000 children in our schools, three churches, a Christian hospital and daily distribution of Gospels and tracts, the rankest heathenism has been developing.

Last summer, when there was a lack of rain in certain places in North China, the men of thirteen villages near Peitaho marched through the full length of this fashionable summer resort, carrying with them their domestic gods, and displaying :flags and banners, beating drums and blowing trumpets, in the belief. that this would cause the clouds to send the needed rain.

The most painful sight at the Western Hills was not the crowds of ignorant peasants that thronged around the shrine of Shu Sun, but the 101 intelligent young men who had come up from the provincial capital Normal Academy, worshiping in the same way at the same shrine with the most illiterate and ignorant peasants. The normal schools in China are new, but the professors and teachers are chiefly either heathen or atheists. Idolatry will not be abolished byedids and revolutions wantonly destroying idols and temples. So long as only seven in a thousand can read and write, and even these few are taught by heathen teachers, there is no hope. As well may we attempt to irrigate the Sahara Desert with a sprinkling can, as to look for spiritual results through political changes and secular education. The only hope for China is in the Christian education of the children.

We have long heard of China as topsy-turvy land, where everything is done by contraries, but we were hardly prepared for this item regarding tIle attendance at church services of a Chinese congregation: "There were present two hundred and thirty-five men and twenty-seven women."

BODY OF AN AME'UICAN ARMY

The 112th Engineers, Col. ]. R. McQuigg, commanding, on parade at Camp Sheridan.

The Body and the Soul of An Army Camp IMPRESSIONS OF THE CONDITIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN AN AMERICAN CAMP BY PROFESSOR WILLIAM J. HUTCHINS, OBERLIN, OHIO.

A WRITER in the Atlantic tells of an English lad, who on his retur'n from the trenches listened for an evening to the family talk about the war. At the close of the evening he said to a friend, "I wish they would all shut up." vVe have shared at times the boy's desire. And yet our hearts are in the camps of America or France, and any words may be of service which will help us to enter sympathetically into the lives of our soldiers. I speak of impressions gained from four months of work in one of our Southern camps and from some weeks of work among nine other camps of the Southeastern Department, in which are gathered approximately one-third of the American army.

THE BODY OF A CAMP The camps of regulars at Oglethorpe and of marines at Paris Island are equipped with mess shacks and one story barracks or sleeping sheds. The camps of the National or Draft army are housed in large barracks. On the. first floor of a given barracks is the mess room, accommodating perhaps 150 men. On the same floor are sleeping quarters for fifty men. On the second floor is a large room, sometimes divided into two rooms, in which may be sheltered seventy-five or a hundred men.

To speak more particularly of a typical National Guard camp: I think of it as resembling a great American flag covering 2,200 acres of land. Marking the bottom of the flag is the long street of the regiments of artillery and engineers, and the ammunition and supply trains. Along the stripes run the regimental streets of some of the infantry and machine gun battalions, and of the signal corps and medical units. At the~top of the flag is the brigade street of other infantry. An Association hut serves each unit of 5,000 men_ In the center of the camp is a great auditorium, the largest to be found in any camp in America.

This Red Triangle Coliseum is open to speakers like President Taft, and to entertainments in which the whole division may be interested.

A mile from camp lies the great base hospital, accommodating twe-Ive hundred men. Five miles away are the emplacements of batteries for the three artillery regiments: Over yonder are trenches, miles of them. In these trenches, the boys of the infantry propose to spend certain nights, while from their emplacements the batteries shoot actual shells over the trenches to the "German" positions beyond.

.Nine miles from camp, in the wilderness, are the sleeping and mess shacks of the rifle range. Here too are trenches, in which for three or five days a battalion of men will take turns firing at targets at different distances. Some of these targets are great squares, others of them arc the dark field-gray silhouettes of "German" soldiers, just visible above the ground.

Here too is an Association shack, with its writing tables, its victrola, its·piano, its evening entertainments.

On one side of each regimental street are the officers' mess shacks, the headquarters and infirmary buildings, and the officers' little huts or half tents. On the other side of the street are the mess shacks of the men. Each mess shack is a shed about 125 feet long. The floor within is of earth. Two tables stretch the length Of the shack, with plank seats such as you have used at picnic parks. Each boy has his own mess kit. At the bugle call, he takes his place in line and passes before the cook's counter. Here one man supplies him with meat and gravy, another man with potatoes and perhaps tomatoes, another man supplies him with coffee. To a refined taste the coffee is rank. In general the food is abundant and good. A piece of verse libre appeared in one of the camp papers to this effect: "The next time Our mess sergeant Cuts Up a horse For steak, I hope he Won't forget to Take off the harness."

But the food is far better than that to which fifty per cent of the boys have been accustomed. It is of course monotonous. The next time you are tempted to write a letter to a friendless and homeless boy in camp, don't do it; but send him rather cookies or candies or chocolate, and he will be far more grateful than he would be if you wrote him a ten-page letter. The following note may be helpful to those who have friends in France. It is a clipping from the Ohio Rainbow Reveille, official organ of the 166th Infantry:

1918J THE BODY .AND THE SOUL OF AN ARMY CAMP

WHERE THE BODIES OF SOLDIERS ARE MENDED-AND SOME'rIME,S THEIR SOULS Hospital scene at Camp Travis, San Antonio, Texas. Y. M. C. A. secretary visiting and bringing books for the convalescent patients.

"Will trade: One pair of heliotrope hose-supporters in a hollycovered box, two pairs of gold cuff links engraved, 'To our soldier,' a dead wrist watch, seven neckties, color schemes ranging from cognac crystal to plain black, together with six classy Christmas greeting cards and some sob stuff about the brave lads in khaki, three old copies of the Reveille. Will trade the whole batch for a can of perfectly reliable insect powder."

Behind the shack is the double row of tents, opening upon the company street. The street may be running mud, but usually it is immaculately clean. Each tent is boarded up at the sides and is floored. Sometimes beneath the floor the boys have dug a little wood cellar. In the tent are from eight to twelve cots-twelve are too many. Through the winter there has been a little Sibley stuve in the middle of the tent, a stove which heats the tent thoroughly when it is well fed. At ten o'clock at night the fire must be put out, the tent flap opened.

Speaking still of the body of the camp, I may say that I hold no brief for any man or any group of men; but I think that with reference to camp conditions several things should be said.

1. At any rate in the Southeast, the War Department has performed

a miracle in the establishment and maintenance of the camps, and in the feeding, clothing and housing of our boys. Consider the complete breakdown of the transportation of the country. Consider the difficulty of getting lumber. Consider the difficulty of getting labor, in view of the enormous exodus of Negroes to the North. Consider the difficulty of getting clothing. One is amazed not that so little has been done, but that so much has been done.

2. Some of the undoubted defects in the conditions of our army camps are a reflection not upon one man or group of men. They are a reflection upon the great American people. At seven-fifteen one Sunday morning I proposed to lead a brief devotional service in the base hospital for some 150 convalescents. It was a cold morning. The stove was there, the fuel was there, but there was no fire in the stove. I did not feel like blaming the War Department. When an orderly fails to build a fire or "'hen an orderly treats with sacrilege the body of a dead soldier, I regard it as a reflection upon the city schools and the American civilization of which the orderly is the product. vVhen five hundred southern boys get pneumonia, it is a reflection largely upon the unsanitary conditions in the midst of which in their southern mountains and southern towns they have grown up, conditions which have now rendered them powerless to resist the physical evils of a camp environment, in which other men have thrived, gained weight and strength.

As Americans we have been living easy-going, happy-go-lucky, selfish lives, we have served spasmodically and got our pictures into the Sunday papers; we have only begun to learn steady, steadfast, sacrificial, universal, coordinated service,-the service which does not advertise, which does not demand stripes on the sleeve, bars upon the shoulders, medals upon the breast.

THE SOUL OF A CAMP This is not so easily discussed or described. Each camp has a soul of its own. A rather sharp distinction has been drawn between the camps of the Regular Army, those of the National Guard, and those of the National Army. A certain amount of mutual jealousy has been felt, but this is not very virulent. .

There is a radical distinction between the soul of a camp of southern boys and one of the northern boys. Among the men of the southern Na- tional Guard, there is scarcely a foreigner, or a man of foreign parent- age. It is said of Camp Sevier that it is the most American of all the American camps. Here we need no educational classes to teach the men English. In Camp Gordon we need to have the Testament in nineteen different languages if it is to be reasonably intelligible to all the soldiers there.

Among the southern soldiers, educational classes are conducted for illiterates. In one regiment there were reported three hundred men

THE: BODY AND THE: SOUl OF AN ARMy CAMp

-.

WHERE THE "Y" MEN GET INTO TOGeH WITH THE SOLDIERS A scene at the desk in a Y. M. C. A. "hut" at Camp MacArthur, Waco, Texas.

who could neither read nor write. One man was induced to enter an educational class in order that he might read and reply to the letters which he received from his little seven year old daughter_ The Southern boys have a very strong religious interest. One Sunday morning in one camp of Southerners, I walked through streets whose mud in places was actually up to the hubs of an army truck. A dense mist covered the entire camp. As I approached one of our Association buildings, I heard singing. And there at nine o'clock I saw the largest Protestant gathering I had ever seen at that time on a Sabbath morning. A Southerner was leading the singing. The boys all knew the old hymns, and they sang and sang with the utmost fervor. The great majority of the southern soldiers count themselves Methodists or Baptists. Their' religion does not invariably tie itself up to morals or to the Ohurch. But among these simple-hearted southern boys we have an opportunity absolutely unique.

'Yithin the ordinary camp life, each organization, each company indeed, has its own soul, its own habits of thought, its ovn outlook upon life. Speaking with the inaccuracy of all general statements, I would say that these great splendid-looking fellows are children. I have seen a soldier on Hallowe'en carrying from town to camp an immense teddy

bear. I have seen three soldiers on a train playing by the half hour with a toy. climbing monkey. Like children and collegians they grow home· sick.

Like children, too, they are at once most responsive and most irre· .sponsible. I was asked to teach a company Bible Class in a mess shack. I arrived on time. Noone else was there. Finally the captain came in and remarked, "This is a .heck of a place for a Bible Olass. Let's go up to the Association building." And he marched most of his men by twos to the hut. At the Bible Olass, there were present two majors, a captain and perhaps 125 or 150 men. At the close of the class, the Building Re· ligious Work Secretary said, "How many have enjoyed "the class?;' "It so as to raise the roof. "How many will come next Sunday if Mr. H.– will teach the class again?" "I." The next Sunday the teacher was there, and not another living soul. In about fifteen minutes perhaps fifo teen or seventeen strolled in, but by that time we must prepare fora chaplain service, and nothing happened.

But while the soldiers are in many ways as children, they impress one as on the way to manhood. Among them, there is a growing earnest· ness, soberness, I had almost said somberness. There is little of spread· eagle optimism, such as is revealed by the supposedly comic pictures representing the soldier prodding the kaiser with his bayonet. A colonel won applause by a remark like this: "Down in the artillery we have all kinds of mascots-monkeys, dogs, and a bear. But when we go across, we can't take any mascot, but we are going to bring back one, the kaiser's goat!" But usually the speaker who proposes to "can the kaiser" wins feeble response. On the other hand there is a dogged determination to see the thing through. They are not coming back "till it's over, over there." I was interested in a drafted man, who was explaining his own attitude, and that of his tent mates. He said, "We have talked it all over, and have realized that we are in it, and the only way to get out of it is to go through with it, and we are going to go through with it as fast as possible." But perhaps the manhood of the men revealed itself to me com- pletely in what I may call the triumph of the human spirit. One who has not been in camp can scarcely realize the monotony of the soldier's life; but seldom did I hear any real complaint. Like lHcawber the boys are always waiting for something to turn up. A southern officer re- marked to me, "A soldier learns neither to wonder nor to worry." As few things ever do turn up, the monotony palls and keeps on palling; but it cannot conquer the truly indomitable spirit of the boys.

Oonquering monotony, the spirit of the men conquers the emergency. We had a perfectly frightful tornado at the very beginning of the camp. Tents went down, floods of water drowned kits and equipment. Through much of the night the boys worked, some of them stark naked, and then went to sleep on the tables of the mess shacks. While

THE BODY AND THE SOUL OF AN ARMY CAMP

there was a vast deal of swearing, there was far more humor and laughter, and the next morning the boys were charmed at the thought that they had an adventure to write home about.

The sins of the soldier are coarse, obvious, man sins. Profanity is profuse and promiscuous. I remarked to a group of tent-mates, "You fellows will forget how to talk to ladies after a while." One boy said, "That's true enough.. I was down at the Baptist social the other night, and found myself swearing at the girl I was talking with." A good many boys are entirely free from profanity. The officer who doesn't swear is profoundly respected. One sergeant has a swear-box. Any man who enters the tent and swears has to put a nickel into the box before he leaves the tent. I am persuaded that profanity, while highly undesirable, is a skin disease, and not a cancer eating at the heart.

Gambling has been and is in parts of the camp still very common. But it is not a mania, it is rather a means of varying the monotony. Some of the officers and all of the secretaries are quietly at work trying to stop the gambling, for it does injure the morale of the men. One of our secretaries said he had always envied the priest his confessional; but no longer. He has a little hole in the wall, where he sells money orders. A boy will come up and wish to send sixty dollars home. The secretary of course knows that he never got that sum of money lawfully, and sooner or later he gets the chance to say the word which will stop the gambling.

Drunkenness can scarcely now be called a sin of the American soldier. I have been almost continuously with the enlisted men for five months. I have seen them at all times of the day and night, in the camp a'nd down town and on the train. I have seen typical representatives of camps containing four hundred thousand men. In that period I have seen only one drunken soldier. I believe that there has been no previous epoch of the world's history when a reasonably intelligent observer could have made such a statement. The statement is a tribute not alto- gether to the virtue of the soldier. It is a tribute to the efficiency of our military police, a tribute to. the wisdom of our War Department, in bringing so many of our camps into dry territory. After a long hike, a major spoke proudly of his battalion. He said, "There is an argument for dry legislation. It is just after pay day. The soldiers have marched ten miles. Not a man has fallen out. See how fine they look. That could never have happened down OIl the Border." The last enemy of the soldier, tne last Hun of the spirit, is licentious- ness. I wish to say one word for the comfort of Ohristian parents. The boys who have grown up clean in clean homes, and wholesome church life, are almost invariably clean. Indeed the camp life seems to strengthen and purify. And there are thousands of men now fighting a victorious fight against impurity, who in civil life knew .defeat.

At first I was profoundly depressed by the soldiers' sins, but more

recently I have been profoundly stirred by their virtues. They have been taken from their homes, from their loves, from their life plans. They are held under irksome discipline, which to their restless hearts seems needlessly long and tedious. When we do a hard piece of work, we look forward to a change, a vacation. The only change our boys exped is the journey overseas. Theil' only vacation is in the hell of France.

Freqnently yon will be asked about revivals of religion among the soldiers. I discount such reports. The boys are anxious to be courteous, eager to please the speaker, and to do their part in a ladylike fashion. One speaker from the Nortll said to a crowd of men, "How many of you will permit me to go back to New York to tell the people of the North that you will come home clean?" Practically every man in the room raised his hand, not because he had thought through what it meant to go to Prance and to serve in .B'rance and to come back clean, but because he was anxious to do his part to make the evening pleasant all around.

But while I cannot tell of revivals of religion in the army, I can tell you of officers who respect their men, and whom their men respect, officers who are Ohristian gentlemen. I can tell you of chaplains, men who love Ohrist and love their men, who become the fathers confessor of their regiments. I can take you into one of six large buildings, in our camp, each painted green, an oasis in the barren brown of the camp. Each building will accommodate or rather hold eight hundred boys when packed tight. In their leisure times the men wiII line the desks around the room, writing letters on the paper furnished by the Y. 1£. O. A. The average man IS always behind in his correspondence, but he writes vo- luminously. Said an officer to me, "If I were an Association secretary, I should never preach to the boys, I should simply say, '·Write home.' "

In a Y. M. O. A. building, two nights a week, there will be movies; one night a week, friends will furnish entertainment. One night a week is devoted to stunts or performances by soldier talent. Sunday night and one week night are called "religious" nights. Let me tell you of one of these nights. Upon the screen there will be thrown the stirring words of some camp or trench song, "There's a long, long trail a-wind- ing," "Over There," "Indiana"; then the words and music of some famil· iar hymns. Then a man will speak for fifteen minutes, holding the sol· diers spell bound as he tells them about the allies of the soldier of .Jesus Christ, or about Jesus who will save his people from their sins. At the . close perhaps he will say, "Boys, I have here a war roll. It is being signed by thousands and thousands of soldiers in this country, in Eng· land, in France. Listen to it. 'I hereby pledge my allegiance to Jesus Ohrist as Saviour and Lord, and promise to fight His battles for the vic· tory of His kingdom!" Isn't that great? Now I am not going to arouse your emotions and get you to come up here en masse to sign this card, but down there are some secretaries, friends of yours, who will be glad

THE BODY AND THE SOUL OF AN ARMY CAMP

A RELIGIOUS SERVICE WIlEN NO "HU'l'" COULD HOLD THE SOLDIERS "Billy" Sunday preaching to the soldiers at a Camp in California.

to talk with you after the prayer, and I want to shake hands with as many of you as I can. And I want you to stay."

After the me.eting, possibly fifteen or sixteen soldiers will talk with their friends about the most precious things in life. There may be gathered up fifteen or more war rolls on such a night. Each war roll is sent to New York. From New York a letter is written to the boy who has declared his allegiance to Jesus Christ, congratulating bim upon his new or renewed purpose. Another letter is sent to the pastor of his home church, and the original card is sent to the parents of the boy, that in the days when he is over in France, or perchance lies buried beneath the flowers of Flanders, they may have the card which speaks of their boy's purpose when he was down in a southern camp. Now this sort of work is being done in every camp of our country.

The one special contribution' of our camp Association to the solution of the religious problem has been made by the adoption of Augustus Nash's plan of the squad interview. 'Vith the cooperation of some of the ablest men of the neighboring cities, we were able to have interviews with the representatives of eighteen thousand out of twentyfive thousand men at our camp.

Ten or fifteen fine laymen might go down a company street. The

boys who knew they were coming would for the most part be in their tents to welcome the friendly invaders. If you were one of these, you :would stop at one of the tents and would soon get into conversation with :t.he boys, and. would lead up to some s1J~h idea fS this: . "Boys, I have wanted very much to go along with you but Uncle .Sam won't let me, he tells me I'm too old; but I want you to know that I am with you down to the ground. I have had an idea that the only .man who can beat the Germans is the man who has conquered himself first. Now I heard a corporal say that you can pull off this Christian stuff in civilian life but you can;t pull it off in the army. Do you believe that?" .

And a little Greek will say, "I am a Christian. I was baptised. I am a church member."

An American boy will say, "Oh, it's one thing to be a church member and quite another thing to be a Christian."

"Is that so? What's the difference? Did you ever see a Christian?"

"Not around these parts."

"Are you sure? Did you ever meet Doc?" (One of the Secretaries.) "Yes, by George, I believe he is a Christian."

"Did you ever see General So and So?"

They all know him.

"Well, do you know what that man said in public a while ago? He said, 'I read my Bible every day and pray to God that I may be a better man.' Now I suppose if one of you fellows happened to read your Bible, the rest of you would throw your boots at him, wouldn't you?" , "Well, we might make it rather unpleasant."

A Catholic will say, "I have a Bible here," and he pulls out from under his pillow a Douay Bible, and you turn to the chapter about the Good Samaritan.

"There was a certain man going down from Jerusalem to Jericho and he fell among robbers, which stripped him of his clothing and left him half naked, and there was a certain priest came down that way, and what do you suppose he did?"

"I don't know. I guess he helped him."

"No, he passed by on the other side; and then there was a Levite, a kind of janitor around the temple, and what did he do? He passed by on the other side; and then there came by one of those poor devils of a Samaritan, and what did he do?"

"I don't know."

"Well, he got off his beast, poured oil and wine into his wounds, took him to a hotel, paid the landlord two dollars, and told him that when he came back again, if there was any extra expense, he would pay it."

By this time, the boys would be looking at you as if they were

THE BODY AND THE SOUL OF AN ARMY CAMP

listening to a novel, one boy lying on a cot, another lying under the upturned knees of his comrade, gazing at you like one of Raphael's cherubs.

"See here, fellows, have you thought what would happen if one tent cleaned up? You know what happens when measles or meningitis or mumps gets into a tent; how it sweeps down right through the company street. Now, I think that there is a contagion of health that works in just the same way. If one tent cleans up, the next tent on each side will clean up, and then another tent, until the whole company street will be well and clean and strong."

"Oh, that's not so. Men ain't molecules." "True enough, but it's worth trying, don't you think so, Corporal?" "Well, I think I should like to try it for a while." "Will you promise me?" "No, I won't promise nothing." "All right, old man, but you have told me you would like to try." The work ;did not end with a single visit. Those business men fol- lowed up the boys whom they had visited, with letters; invitations to their homes. Not a complete success, but the plan was amply justified by its results. A friend asked one of the boys what he thought about the Y. M. C. A.. He said, "Ittakes the sick out of homesick," and a little foreigner replied to a similar question, "She our mother." Now by helping a nian who has got in wrong, now by helping a spendthrift save his money, now by distributing the gracious gifts of the women of the NQrth, now by friendly counsel to a boy who has not written home for months, now by kindling again the fires of purity in the heart of a tempted man, the Association tries to mother our boys. The most impressive hour of our camp day is at evening either just . before or just after mess, when the bugles call, and every soldier in the entire c.amp stands at attention, still as a statue, the busy hum of the camp is quieted, the "Star Spangled Banner" is played, the flags are lowered. No man can participate in this act of reverence night after night and remain unstirred. Chaplains and Association secretaries have tried to bring to the hearts M our boys the great stillness in which they shall turn to their God, who has made oar flag worth saluting, worth fighting for, worth dying for. I close with two considerations. First: There is not a boy down at camp whose attitude toward the war and toward life is not being influenced by some friend at home. Slilcond: President Wilson's program can be put through only with the eager concurrence of the public opinion which you have so large an opportunity to form. This program means such suffering to us as a social ol'ganism, such anguish as we have never dreamed. And those

at home will do much to determine whether the "rivers of pain" shall flow fruitless through the plains of Europe and over the prairies of America.

Every gun was once a thought, every submarine was once a thought, the ruin of Belgium, and of Poland and of Servia, the assassination of Armenia, the war itself, was once a thought. The Red Cross movement, the Association movement, the philanthropies which dry the tears of thousands, all these were once thoughts. One suggests that "an internationalized world must first exist in the minds, hearts and consciences of the trained men and women of the civilized world." So our thoughtR turn from our boys in the camp to the thought of America's program as it relates itself to the internationalized world, as it relates itself to the Kingdom of God, that we and the boys we love may go with unbandaged eyes to the supreme sacrifices of this supreme crisis of the world's history, that we and they may n'ot have suffered in vain.

Religion at the Front A Letter from a Y. M. C. A. Secretary Somewhere in France.

If you hear that the Y. 11. C. A. is neglecting the religious work in Prance, just tell people this from me:' 'Ve have two religious services at the principal points every Sunday; at all points a mid-week devotional hour; Bible classes in several places and soon will have them in all. ",Ve give out many 'l'estaments. That means we have the military address, the home address and church relation, and it very often means a definite decision for Christ. 'Ve are also arranging for Bible classes on all the boats. We have services in the Hospital and occasionally administerer communion there. 'Ve keep a record of all personal work and there is much done. What is more important, our chief is a strong, Christian man, and the work, as a whole, is viewed from the religious point. He g~thers all the secretaries once a week for conference and prayer. The longer I am here the more I feel the possibilities of the work. Back in California I preach to a nice, comfortable Christian congregation, but here I have the direction of the religious work that is undertaken for all the men in a division and which touches, by reason of the fact that this is a port city, a great number-a number that I cannot mention.

I like the spirit of the men here and I like the religion that convinces them-it is the simple truth of God-Christ-righteousnessdecency–Iove. It must" be free from cant, it must be dead earnest, it must be cleansed of all sectarianism, insincerity and machinery. The men are religious, however rough they may be, and if the Lord Jesus Christ is not given to them, its our fault, and if we fail to present the religious message we are losing the big chance of the war. Its a war for the Big Things of our faith and we must know that faith that we may prove it right; that we may gain Christ for the world.

Touch of

BY S. D. GORDON. Author of "Quiet Talks on Prayer," etc.

O NE touch of Jesus makes the whole world akin. Or, rather, it would be better put in this way-one touch of Jesus reveals the fact that all the world is akin.

vVhen I went to the Orient I was bothered quite a bit, sometimes, in thinking that perhaps I would not fit into the Oriental way of looking at things. Could I really get into human touch with them? Would my American way of putting things fit in? The American has such a distinctive way, all his own, of putting things.

And would my interpreter "get" my American English? For American English is so distinct from English English. And most of the English-speaking people of Europe and Asia have been trained in the literature and verbiage of Great Britain.

Then I had read a few of the books that insist that the Orient and Occident have no point of contact. Kipling's insistence on this is fa· miliar, that East is East, and vVest is West, and the two never get together. .

I recalled how·the American puts his coat on over his vest, and the Chinese his vest on over his coat. vVe read a book from left to right, and our olive-skinned brother of the Orient from right to left. And when one tries to get hold of a Chinese sentence through some expert linguist you feel that if you could stand on your head for a fresh point of view it might help things out a bit, linguistically.

But to my delight I found that my misgivings were all awry. Once again my -fears did not have good footing. I made a great discovery that still makes my heart burn-all the world's akin! And a touch of Jesus, the world's divine Kinsman, reveals the fact.

The East balks at our rule of the clock. Our Western way of organizing is a puzzle to them. The highly inflectional languages of Europe are in strange contrast to the agglutinate languages of China and Japan.

And our highly polished, abstractly phrased book sentences are in as sharp contrast with their pictorial languages. And our theology! Our intricate, nicely mortised together systems of theological philosophiz- ings are bewildering to them.

But, but-one touch of Jesus, one warm living touch of the divine Man who belongs to all the race, Son of God, Son of Man, Brother of Man, this draws together all the world, East and West, North and South, Arctic and Equatorial, yellow skins and brown, blue eyes and black, round heads and long.

Then the differences become incidental. By themselves they seem as big and hard as the book makers say. They tower to Alpine heights that bar people from each other. But as one gets into this Jesus-touch of heart it is quickly seen that the world's more alike than it is different.

It is striking that as men come to know, in a simple warm human way, about Jesus Christ, they are drawn to Him. They never think of Him as a foreigner. He is one of themselves, they instinctively think. 'Wherever I went I felt that I was a foreigner, but Jesus was never a foreigner.

In the south of Japan I went into the churches founded generations ago through the Portuguese priests. I listened as the people were praying. But they were not praying in Portuguese. They had no idea that Jesus was a Portuguese, though the Portuguese had taught them of Him. They were praying in Japanese. To them the Man Christ Jesus is a Japanese. He talks Japanese. He is one of themselves. The same is as true in the churches founded by the Americans during the past sixty years.

And so it is everywhere. The Chinese think of Jesus as having a round head like their own, and slanting eyes, and olive skin. The flaxenhaired Hollandish maid praying by the side of her single cot pours out her petitions in Dutch. And that, not the Dutch of the books and the scholars; no, the Dutch of the cr.adle and the fireside, of the street corner and the market place, the Dutch of love-making, the real language of any people. And if you could listen you would feel that she knows down in her heart that J esU8 talks Dutch.

I recall an old Lappish woman far up in northern Sweden, where the nomad Lapps still thrive, and reckon their wealth not in gold but in reindeer. Despite her seventy years she had come three days' journey, alone, over the snow on her long wooden snow shoes or skees, to be at the week's meetings. She used to sit about midway down the hall, with the drapery of white hair over her black eyes that glowed and deepened and flamed as she listened.

Of course I talked through interpretation, as I did almost wholly for about three years. Sentence by sentence, short, terse, simple, the message went in a steady stream, from my lips through those of thl~ man by my side, to the people.

One night these simple-hearted, earnest Laplanders asked to have an open prayer meeting following the speaking. And so it was quickly arranged. And they spent two or three hours in prayer, one after another pouring out the heart, with intervals of silence. I stayed and listened and joined them in spirit. It's- surprising how much you can know of things going on by the feel of the 8pirit.

By and by, I thought it was myoId black-eyed, white-haired woman friend praying. We had come to know each other just through the intercourse of our spirits, during the speaking. I glanced up to see.

ONE TOUCH OF JESUS

Yes, she was praying in a low hushed vibrant voice. But she had no need of an interpreter. She was face-to-face with a Friend, a Kinsman. You could tell by the feel of her voice in the still air that she knew that J e8U8 talked Lappish. They were alone together in closest kinship of spirit.

I recall a Swedish friend telling me of an experience he had up in the Baltic provinces of Russia. He was speaking in German, the common speech of most of the crowd of those parts. And in that my friend was quite fluent. But it was the high German he spoke, the language that Luther of the highland country of Saxony had made the standard language of all Germany by his Bible translation.

One day, at the close of the meeting, a woman came to ask my friend a question. She was one of the common, unlettered people, and spoke the low German still used by great numbers of her class. But my friend couldn't understand her. At length, after many attempts to make herself understood, the woman Simply said, "Ugh, well, I'll just ask Jesus. He'll understand. He talks low German."

She felt iu her heart that she would get what would satisfy her quest. So often the common, unlettered people have in freer degree, the spirit discernment which our Quaker friends call "the inner light." Unhampered by the elements in lparning which sometimes hinder, though they need not, they seem more open ofttimes to Spirit influences.

Now Jesus has a universal human heart. Men of all the race come to feel that Jesus understands them. As they kneel in African kraal, or Ohinese village, in Indian tepee, or amid Western civilization, they look up, and they know that there is on the throne yonder One who i~ bone of our bone, whose experience is our experience. He bends over listening with a man's sympathy, with human understanding.

There is more of God since Jesus came down here, and lived our human life, and went back again. He has taken human experience up into the heart of God_ And all the world comes to understand it so, when once they get into simple warm human touch with Jesus, without being hampered by some of our over-conventionalized and abstract Christian philosophies.

It's striking, too, to notice everywhere what it is in Jesus that draws men. They admire His teaching, its freshness and originality and comprehensiveness, and its high ideals. They Rtand in awe of the character of Jesus, its purity and strength. But these are not the things in Him that take hold of their hearts most, and compel the devotion of their lives.

It is this: that He loves, really loves them; that He pledges His love in the one unmistakable way, by giving His life, and giving it clear out.

Here is the clue to fine missionary strategy. This attitude of men everywhere, east and· west, north and south, toward Jesus when they get the warm human touch with Him, this gives the strategic clue. Take

to them the story of the Man who died for them, when He was not obliged to do it. The only necessity was the driving power of His great human divine love. This is the finest, the shrewdest strategy in all missionary propaganda.

Of course other things go with this, hospitals and medical colleges, with the best equipment and the latest of western science. Of cours£> we will take these. Educational activities, and industrial, and humanitarian, grow naturally out of the Gospel spirit. We will teach them all about better selection of seed, and how to get larger, finer cabbages, and the like.

. And we will seek to coordinate all missionary effort, so that the field may be studied and planned for in a thoughtful statesmanlike way. We will naturally insist that men of nations classed as Christian shall at least not be untrue to the more dominant truths of the Christian faith in their contacts, commercial and otherwise, with the non-Christian people.

Yet, of course, all this is part and parcel of the brotherly spirit, the Jesus spirit. It is possible to do all of these good things, and utterly miss the mark in the chiefest thing of giving them warm close human contact with the Man who died. It is the tremendous subtle influence flowing out of, not Jesus' life merely, but His death, His peculiar distinctive death, that makes the western civilization so different from the characteristic Oriental civilization.

It is not possible to give them Jesus, in the warm living human way suggested, without giving them these other things, too. That is, it is not possible where His spirit in its breadth, its humanness, its practicality, has sway.

These other things in themselves are secondary. They are of incalculable value in themselves. They are well worth doing in themselves from the humanitarian, the brotherly, standpoint. They fully justify all the millions involved. But from the point of view of the Book, of our Lord's great commission to His Church, from the real Christian point of view, to give these, with the other as incidental, is wholly missing the mark of missionary propaganda.

And it still remains true that the one chief thing that fits a man for any part in missionary service is that he has been caught by the .Jesus' passion, which comes only as his life and powers and training are flamed and swept by the Holy Spirit. He may have the best that academic course, and specialized technical training, can give. And the more the better. But if he have not the other simple fundamental essentialwell, the least that can be said is to question the value of his going as a Christian missionary, however useful he may be in other ways.

This attitude of men, toward Jesus when they really get in touch with Him, gives the unfailing clue to missionary qualification, and to missionary strategy,

l'mMITIVl~ METHODS OJ!' LIFE AND TRAVEl, IN THE

A roadside scene-a native shack, carabos and two-wheeled cart.

Leaves From a Physician's Note Book PEN PICTURES OF MEDICAL WORK IN THE PHILIPPINES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THIRTEEN YEARS BY R. C. THOMAS, M.D., ILOILO, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society CAPIZ, P. 1., 1904.-The dispensary was crowded today. It is not much to boast of; just a corrugated iron partition screening off a corner of the basement of one of the upper·class houses typical of the Philippines. These houses are two stories in height, with corrugated iron roof, wooden superstructure and coral stone basement. We share our quarters with the native "quilez," or two-wheeled carriage; and we are already accustomed to the neigh of the pony stabled just behind us. It is primitive indeed, this dispensary, but no more so than the assistant, Sr. X–, who assists me in the clinic. This morning he gave me another sample of his perspicacity. A native woman of the "tao" or peasant class came in with a child on her hip-the national method of carrying infants. After a painstaking ten minutes spent in recording her age, pedigree audpast history, and a few more minutes consumed bya physical examination, I inquired of Sr. X–, who acted a~ interpreter, the nature of her present illness. "She is not ill," he replied. "Not ill," I queried in amazement. "Then why is she here?" ({She is not ill," repeated Sr. X – – with dignity. "Her child is ill."

This was charact€ristic of Sr. X–. He would not presume to offer the suggestion that I was examining the wrong patient.

The group of "infirmos" or "masakit" (as they call the sick in the Vizayan dialect), at the clinic this morning was fairly large, which is somewhat to be wondered at., as rumors persistently circulate that the Americans poison the wellS, when cholera breaks out. Indeed, a fellow missionary in Iloilo heard that the people were so suspicious of his methods, that they waylaid one of his patients and forced him to take all his medicine in one gulp. Fortunately it was not a fatal dose. Some native remedies are quite harmless and equally valueless. One of the men had a white cross on his neck traced in lime; another had a plaster disc pasted on his temple–"Ohinese medicine; warranted to cure malaria."

VICTIMS OF AN EXPLOSION 'foday a casualty occurred. A "tao" laborer was fatally injured by a blast. I met the priest coming out as I arrived, for the priest is of more importance than the doctor on such an occasion. Olimbing the bamboo ladder, I stooped into the little nipa shack. The customary crowd of natives filled the room. A single glance revealed the poverty of the owner. The furniture consisted of a chair or two, a bamboo table, and in the adjoining kitchen the hollowed Jog for pounding out the rice, and the primitive stove, consisting of a wooden tahle with two large stones on it to prop the rice kettle.

The man lay on the floor unconscious. My assistant who had formerly been a choir leader in the great Roman Oatholic church nearby, was on his knees in an instant beside the dying man, hoping to reach him with the Gospel message. It was too late, but by his side was his little daughter, who had also been injured in the accident, and to her we both could minister.

During the night I watched over the child, and this vi-gil became a weird initiation for me into the ways of these people-ways that have continued ever since the coming of the Spaniard. Tl':e dead man was lying in the adjoining room, and near him was a large picture painted in oil-a crude attempt to represent the "Way of Life." In the foreground was a roadway, a typical road of the Philippines, with its rich foliage and palm trees on either hand; but in the bacl{ground this pathway ended in a blaze of light to represent heaven. On either side of the picture tallow candles spluttered all night long, and before it, on their knees, little groups of mourners dressed in black, droned over their beads, saying prayers for a dead man's soul. How sad it all was!

A few days later the mother of the little girl whose life had been saved paid me a visit, and showed great emotion. A votive offering of dozens of eggs, ducks and a goat testified to the genuineness of her feeling.

A NOVEL EXPERIENCE Tonight a fellow missionary helped me with an operation in a shack. It proved to be a race with the dark, as the small tin lamp with

LEAVES FROM A PHYSICIAN'S NOTE BOOK

wick immersed in cocoanut oil is not to be tolerated near ether vapor. Night falls rapidly whl')n once the sun sets, and we had little time, but working in the dark is to be preferred to the flickering flame and acrid smoke of these little tin lamps. Such primitive attempts to do clean surgery in an unpromising environment remind me that the other day I helped a fellow practitioner to amputate an arm with an unusual instrument-a buck saw. The operation was successful. It was no worse than my attempt to pull a tooth with a bicycle wrench.

A TRIP INTO THE COUNTRY At dawn the carriers shoulder their bamboo "teter poles" with the the packs swinging at either end; the ponies are saddled, and an extra dnch is taken in the girths, for these native ponies frequently are frisky. The road leads across a dilapidated wooden bridge, and then straight away for miles into the open country. On either side tower palm trees, and clustered at their bases, bananas and tropical plants add grace and color. Frequently herds of carabao or water oxen ate seen grazing, with flocks of the pure white carabao birds hovering over them or perched on their shaggy backs. The native nipa shacks, singly and in groups or barrios, are scattered along the route in large number. They are artistic in the distance and not so filthy as one might expect, when one considers that the occupants are of a race who had no word for soap until the Spaniards came. Inside these. shacks there is little in the way of conveniences; and practically nothing whatever in the way of reading matter.

This is the open door for the itinerant "medico," and we use it. Here and there brief stops are made at the barrios, and, after short clinics, Bibles are sold and the Gospel is preached. At nightfall we put up at a native house. These people are the soul of hospitality, willing to sleep on the floor, and give their beds to the unexpected guest.. Rice and "doubtful" eggs and water boiled in a rice kettle, smoky but germless are served; and then we retire beneath the protection of the friendly mosquito net.

At break of day we are off again, and by noon are winding over the trails in the hills, with the feathery tassels of the "tigbaw" grass waving over our heads. Here the verdure is different, and so are the people. These mountaineers are free limbed, strong-bodied and largesouled. They give us a hearty greeting and guide us to their little bamboo chapel on the hill top, after a rough scramble through the stiff kogon grass. The chapel is ready for the clinic, and the sign of the Good Samaritan is floating over the doorway-the American flag. These hill folk are wise enough to recognize that the best of Americanism is her Protestant Christianity, and they hang the flag at the door of the church building. The clinic over, the candidates for baptism are examined. One old man in the group is wizened and attenuated, and gives his age as ninety_ All these long years he has been waiting like Simeon for

the child Jesus. His'testimony is complete, and his face is his credential of a changed heart. Early the next morning, the church members and their friends gather by the little rock bound basin cut from the cliff side by the hand of God. Here, with the vistas of rice field and rolling hill ribboned with silver-where the mountain torrents slip away to the sea, the old man is baptized. His years of service will be few, hut we thank God that the good news did not come too late.

A BROKEN ARM 'l:'oday we have had a hard hike through the muddy Negros roads. vVe have waded through rivers and crossed uncertain bridges, but at length have arrived at a little coast town. The sea is calm. The beach, of hard white sand, is fringed with cocoanut palms, and the rustic fishers' huts are welcome after a hard hot journey. The clinic we have held has been well attended. One case was of special interest. A fisherman had just broken the bone of his upper arm in a wrestling match on the beach. After a half hour's work we had splinted it and sent him away for a month's retirement. In an hour he had returned with all dressings removed and the cheerful information that his "arm was much better." So it goes-in the Philippines.

A TOUR IN NEGROS-1917 The roads are excellent for most of the way, being macadamized and in good repair. Concrete bridges have now replaced the old fashioned wooden ones. How great a contrast there is in our touring now and ten years ago. Then we went on ponies or bicycles or walked; now we go in Panay Island on the railroads, or automobile, and today in Negros automobiles are everywhere. We have just traveled in a car eighty miles along the coast road, and visited a number of towns. It is a maritime plain and rich agricultural country. Here and there sugar mills are'passed, with their fringe of bullock carts about the yard.

Away in the distance the Volcano KanLaon (Old Man of the Mountain) reminds us of Papa Isio, the bandit, who for years lived in the mountain and terrorized the community. We saw him last in a cell in Bacolod. Poor misguided wretch! He has yielded like the cholera and smallpox to the wholesome influences of modern American civilization. On the other side glimpses of the sea are caught between copses of bamboo that intervene. On all sides natives enliven the scene, waist deep in the rice field; trudging along the road with baskets of produce on their heads; or noisily engaged in bartering in the market place, 'where many hundreds congregate. vVe turn from the scenery and address our attention to them. "Polong" means "word" and "bolong" means medicine. As one medical missionary has reminded us, we must "polong" as well as "bolong" them. 'We try not to forget it; and they welcome both the "doctrine," and the "medicine"; the "polong" and the "bolong."

THE UNION MISSION HOSPITAL As I sit ill the office of the Union Mission Hospital, Iloilo, tOl1ay and hark back to the morning in 1904 when I landed here for the first time and met Dr. Hall, the pioneer medical missionary-it seems impossible that in a little over a decade such changes could take place. He was then practicing in a shack. Now we are associated in this well built hospital of oVer sixty beds and thirty in a native nurses' training' school (the first to be estabHshed in the Islands). The new Nurses' Home, just completed of concrete, is a model of its kind.

At my elbow today are recorded some of the funny mistakes ill diction in the case histories made by the helpers. One recorded, in a ' vain attempt to find a word for "faint," that "the patien t was dizzy till it make him nonsense. " Another frequent symptom has been "pale eyes." Another patient was put down as suffering fl'om "headache and hypogastric aches." Another had "fallen from a house : often breathing cough sometimes." One put down as injured by a "capsule," was found to be the victim of a "cap pistol." StilI another unfortunate suffered from "meat growing on the left neck."

'We are proud of our nurses and beHeve the Filipino nurse is destined to become indispensable to the Filipinos. The nurse and the student class as a whole, will need American supervision for years to come. 'Ve rejoice in the great progress made in all departments of education during the years of American occupation, but we are convinced that the United States government and the Protestant Church of America have only begun their work of the Good Samaritan here. Persistence will insure victory, but withdrawal may court defeat.. America must persist until her t.ask is done.

ONE OF THE MODElIN IM PROVEMENTS IN TIm PHILIPPINES The Nurses' Home in Iloilo; connected with the Union Mission Hospital, built in 1917,

A Missionary Confession of

BY REV. HARMON H. McQUILKIN, D.O., ORANGE, NEW JERSEY Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church.

I BELIEVE in taking the Gospel 16:15 ), and "unto the uttermost part of the Crucified One to the whole of the earth" (Acts 1 :8). "Christian"

wide world. Every new and deeper, and "Missionary" are forever joined insight into the character and pur- in the vocabulary of heaven.

poses of Jesus, every fresh report Third-I believe in taking the Gos- from the mission fields, confirms and pel to the whole world because the strengthens my belief in this program Apostles and their successors believed of evangeli+ation for every race and in it. . Peter, coming down .from the nation. housetop, fresh from his vision of the First-I believe in this because God sheet let down from Heaven, was con- the Father believes in it. He created verted to Foreign Missions (Acts 10: man in His own image (James 3:9). 34, 35). Paul would build on no That means resemblance to Himself other man's foundation. John, in be- and solidarity among themselves atific vision, beheld a great throng (Acts 17:26). In the restoration of around the throne, made up of "every God's image in men's spiritual natures kindred and nation and tongue and (Ephesians 4:24), there is an absolute people" (Rev. 5 :9).

community of need and right. Other- Fourth-I believe in taking the Gos- wise God's work of creatIOn will be pIe to the whole world because of the frustrated in its deepest intention. new life which it has created in the Gods love for men is bounded for non-Christian lands. As the morning us by the Son, and mcludes the world sun dissolves the mists and shadows of (John 3 :16). How dare I change the night and strikes to death the forces of boundary lines or alter the measure- decay, so the Gospel of the Cross dis- ments of His affection? pels ignorance, superstition, despair, In the Psalms we read this stupen- and destroys the destructive forces in dous promise of the Father to His the physical and moral life of men and Son: "I will give thee the nations for women in the lands where before they thine inheritance" (Psalms 2:8). The held high carnival.

divine transfer of the gift can never Fifth-I believe in taking the Gos- be made fully until those nations pel to the whole world because of the come to know Him through the reflex influence of missionary activity preaching of the Evangel. So I must in the lives of those who engage in it.

do my share towards bringing His The happiest Christians and most pros- world-inheritance to Jesus Christ my perous churches are those that are Lord. I must go with God to "every , heart and soul in line with the pro- creature" in my sympathy, my pray- gram of Jesus Christ to give the Gos- ers, my gifts, or He will go and leave pel to the whole world. They "keep me behind. His Commandments" and so He Second-I believe in taking the Gos- "makes His abode with them" (Jahn pel to the whole world because the 14 :23). It is a simple proposition of Lord Jesus Christ believes in it. He cause and effect.

was the first foreign missionary. His .only those who do the Lord's bid- Cross would, He declared, "draw all ding and "go into all the world" to men" unto Him (John 12 :32). He "make disciples of every creature" can looked far beyond the Jewish fold to claim His promise to "be with them see His "other sheep" (John 10:16). always, even unto the end of the age."

His parting command sent His disci- (Matthew 28 :20). , pIes after "every creature" (Mark THIS IS MY MISSIONARY CREED.

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BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boar'ds MISSIONS WHEN THE THERMOMETER SOARS. A S .the th~rmometer ascends, mis- Mission Study Under Old Virginia's sIOnary mterest usually descends. Trees The hotter the days, the more cooling , August days are not usually conthe effect on missionary enthusiasm. Sidered the best offering the calendar Some leaders simply despair. When has to make to the mission study cause. they pack away their winter furs in In fact, there are people who say it June they take out a "Closed Until cannot be done. There are others who Fall" sign to post on the doors of do it. In the hottest of hot August everything appertaining to missionary days a charming Virginia woman, enterprise. The resourceful leader whose home was attractively set in a does not despair. Higher than the large lawn with the most alluring thermometer soars her determination. s~ade, inyi~ed ab~ut a dozen teen age Summer days spell opportunity if we glfls to Jom a mIssion study class to meet one afternoon each week on her but learn our spelling lesson aright. lawn. There under the shade of those To be Continued-See July Meeting grand old trees they met. There they Instead of announcing the first of June that the regular meetings of the met also those "servants of the King" missionary society will be discontinued during the summer, many leaders are of other days and other 'lands. The appending a "To Be Continued" announcement to their June meeting in fascinati?n of David Livingstone's this year in which an unusually large number of people are planning to unswerVl11g purpose to go "anywhere spend the summer days at home. We are learning in these days that real provided it be forward" took hold of warfare is not an enterprise for pleasant days only, but that soldiers, who their hearts. Ion Keith Falconer's expect to win a war, fight on when they are both tired and hot. When ringing call challenged their lives. we fight to win a world, back of all the missionary methods that can be Eleanor Chestnut's girlish longings, devised must be hard, self-sacrificing work, done by people who are often her college achievements, her unselfish tired and worn. Some of the best and most lasting work ever done was ac- living and dying summoned them to complished, not in moments of exuberant joy and of irrepressible energy, but follow in her train. Three of that in moments of weariness and discouragement. group of girls who met under the "Tired! Well, what of that? trees, during the days when some mis- Did'st fancy life was spent on beds of sionary leaders insisted that every- ease, thing should be closed hfoarvethceosmuemsminecr~ have, in the years that then, offered their lives to serve the King -in the field which needs them most.

A July Picnic Meeting No special virtue, however, attaches to unnecessary discomfort. It is not required of those who do without a vacation at shore or mountain resort that they al.so do penance by shutting themselves III a room and locking the Fluttering the rose leaves scattered to door. A missionary meeting on a hot the breeze? Come! rouse thee! Work while it is ~ay mar be just as fine and as helpful In God s out-doors as in-doors. A called to-day, Coward, arise-go forth upon thy way." July missionary picnic meeting is

worth while. For invitations cut out- er fashion, as the paper is slipped inline picnic baskets from white or col- side. Pass the crackers and have facts ored paper, cutting the handle on a read. fold of paper so the basket may be opened and invitation written inside. In serving dates pass a plate con- Ask each member to bring a guest so taining some important missionary that unenlisted women may be inter- date, and the event which made the ested. An orchestra of young people, date notable written on cards. Ask with wind or stringed instruments, each member to compose a rhyme that may be secured, or a cornetist alone will fix the date and the event as firmly may lead the music. If no instruments in mind as is are available, sing the hymns unaccompanied. An appropriate Bible lesson "In fourteen hundred and ninety-two is the story of that picnic meeting Columbus crossed the ocean blue." nearly two thousand years ago in Galilee, when one boy in the five thou- Provide poetic counselors to circulate sand had a lunch and passed it over hither and thither with stimulating to feed the crowd. Make a chaIleng- suggestions. ing appeal that we who have the Bread of Life divide with those who have not. Under "Nuts to Crack" serve ques- Follow this with a reading by a child tions about present-day missions to be or young girl of the poem, "Give Them answered and discussed. to Eat."* Discuss the program topic for the month. Before the picnic lunch Since the days of "groaning tables" is served pass around this menu, which are no more, do not expect each memdisplays some ancient features, but ber to bring a basket heavily laden which will provide a lively and stimu- with every variety of dainties. Instead lating half hour. of asking each member to prepare her own lunch have a committee prepare A CONSERVATION r,tENU a menu and assign to each member just one thing to prepare in whatever Food for Thought quantity it may be needed.

Missionary Ices Missions on a Roof Garden Crackers Dates "It's simply too hot for a missionary meeting," said the members. Assorted Nuts to Crack The president of the missionary so- Announce "Missionary Ices" and ciety bowed her head, silently acquieshave the story told of Hans Egede's cent. Then she looked around for the journey on his ship "The Hope," solution of the difficulty_ Calling on a among the icebergs that threatened his friend, she found it. The friend was life, or the story of work done by your delighted to furnish the solution, own missionaries in lands of ice and which was her lovely roof-garden. Insnow. Appropriate for a July menu stead of being urged to come to the are large fire-crackers made from red church to the August meeting of the paper or cardboard. W rite on a slip missionary society in the broiling sun of paper a striking missionary fact. of 3 :30 p. m., the members were in- Roll the paper and fasten it to a string vited to a roof-garden missionary which hangs out at the end, fire-crack- meeting in the cooling shadows of 7 p. m. That roof-garden was a dream. • May be secured from the Editor by The waving of the delicately fronded sending addressed stamped envelope. plants cooled one with the assurance that a breeze really was stirring. Green vines, climbing up white pillars, rested the eye. The occasional tinkle of ice somewhe,re in the background behind the ferns sounded an assuring fore- cast. The program was given as com- pletely and much more effectively than It would have been in the church, and,

BEST METHODS

instead of feeling tired when the meet- the things about which we had been ing was over, the members felt that studying that day. At the dose of the they had had a taste of vacation joys. sixth chapter course we had a joint The serving of cooling refreshments meeting at the parsonage. Memory gave opportunity for the social con- verses were reviewed, two excellent tacts which mean so much in any papers were read, and each woman society. gave some of the impressions she had received during the course. It was Rural Mission Study Groups by far the best meeting we have had at any time. In many rural communities summer days are the best days for mission "Of course we had discouragements study. Many of the winter plans of -the book chosen was rather toodifcity classes are easily adapted to sum- ficult; bad weather meant postponed mer plans for the rural churches, bet- meetings or poor attendance, and there ter roads and better weather contribu- was some criticism. But in the main ting to their successful operation. Last the results were encouraging. Instead of only the five or six women who had year, Mrs. W. J. Adair, the busy been attending the missionary meet- ings, we had twenty-five women) sevwife of a pastor in Coal Valley eral outside of the congregation tak- Illinois, successfully enlisted the wom- ing an active part in the studies and en of her congregation in mission showing an added interest in the cause study by the following plan, which of world missions. Two of the groups offers practical and successfully tried made definite arrangements for similar suggestions to workers in rural meetings the coming year. churches: "It was hard work, but we believe "Wishing to reach all the women, it was a beginning of better things I divided the community into four sec- along missionary lines among the tions-natural neighborhood groups as women of the community." far as possible. From each of these I chose an assistant and explained to Another Vacation Suggestion her my plan. She had the first meeting in her home and invited all the One of the outstandingly fine pieces women of her neighborhood. At this of SUmmer mission study work has meeting I distributed some of the been that accomplished by Dr. W. D. books I had on hand, gave a brief out- Weatherford, who each summer leads line of the book, and showed some of the dining-room and dormitory force the maps and charts to be used. Then at Blue Ridge, N. C, composed of colthose who wished to try the study de- lege boys and girls, in courses of miscided how often they would meet, at sion study. Beyond all human power whose home, etc. The meetings were to estimate has been his influence and usually held every two weeks. I did the influence of his classes on these this in each of the four groups, making young people, many of whom have sure that the different meetings should gone into definite missionary service. not 'conflict, for it seemed necessary that I should be the teacher in them all. Vacation Opportunities for Service "The meetings were in general con- In Camp.-A jolly group of young ducted by the question and answer people were camping in the Virginia method, although to make the study mountains in the exhilaration of sevmore interesting and worth while, we eral thousand feet above sea level. No one entered more heartily into the resorted to the maps and charts. The sports and fun than did their whitefirst fifteen minutes were given to haired "sky pilot," who was' the mer- riest of the merry. Toward the end Bible study. I had the women select of the week, to the surprise of the Bible verses that were appropriate to rest of the party, he posted his "Church Notices" and made his announcements. the text, and some of. these we memor- ized. At the dose of each day's study we had a season of definite prayer for

On a post by the roadside he an- since that day met the opportunity nounced "Preaching Here on Sunday that came.

at 3 o'clock." Not only were the On an Uncrowded Platform members of the camp family invited, Why do lecturers crowd each other but they were urged to invite their on overcrowded platforms? Why do they seek only those centers in which neighbors. Now, the campers had lec~ure-wearied audiences fastidiously welgh them on the balances of their neyer so much as asked, "Who is my predecessors? When the thermometer nelghbor ?" They began to look was soaring one summer, a Mission Board Secretary likewise soared into around. Not a human habitation was the Alleghanies. With him went his s~ereopticon. His host ~as the aggresin sight. A wagon drawn by oxen sive County Supermtendent of Schools. The magazines had been ca.J?e down the mountain road. The featuring his work in providing tent schools with night sessions for the dnver was held up, told about the men and women of the mountains who could neither read nor write and who service and invited to come and to had never had a chance to learn. ~here was no doubt about his aggresbring all his family and friends. As Slveness. He proposed to the Secre- ta~y that they should ascend the a woman wearing a calico dress and helghts of the Alleghanies and give a stereopticon lecture on the top of the a sunbonnet climbed the mountain mountain. Here was a lecture plat- form from which no man had ever path a member of the party greeted spoken before. Here was an audience her courteously and invited her to that had never heard a missionary ad- dress nor seen. a ~issionary picture. come to the service at the camp on Up the mountam Slde they drove in a h~ck mile aft~r mile. Higher and Sunday. T~e young folks began to be higher they chmbed until they came to an open amphitheatre on the mounvery much lllterested in their neigh- tain side. The screen was fastened to two trees. There was no limit to bor.s and waited with eagerness the the seating capacity. The floor was inclined sufficiently that no "Please rearnval of the congregation. On Sun- move hats" was necessary. The stage scenery was of a perfection that would day every available camp chair and h~ve made a New York manager wild Wlth envy, and the audience-! Oh board was called into requisition for the unwearied, glowing eagerness of that audience! No comparisons with pew service in the temple of the moun- former lectures here, no surreptitious tain side, but the campers were en- glances at watches. For the first time in their lives most of those who were tirely unprepared for the host which present saw beyond the mountains greeted them. The mountains opened which had hemmed them in: saw the up their fastnesses and mHyen~nws owmeerne and child:en poured out.

sung, scnpture was read, prayer was offered and then the minister told the old, old story of Jesus and His love.

The young folks had felt that their congregation was almost a joke when they first began to search for it but as they sat with these simple highiand- ers and saw them listening to a mes- sag~ from their common Father they reahzed that here, only a few miles from their college town, boasted cen- ter of learning and culture were brothers of theirs-heirs of the same inheritance, children of the same Fa- ther–:whonever heard the message of salvatIon, and a solemn stillness filled their hearts. Children were there who had never been in a religious service of any kind before. In that camping party were young people who had far distant lands and heard the call of thought that an ocean voyage must the world. preface ~issionary service, who saw There yet remain many platforms opportumty that day come close to to be discovered by hot weather ex- their own back door, and who have plorers.

Missionary Vespers at a Summer Resort room and the dormitories while they A delegate went from one of the were off duty.

summer conferences to a popular sum- The Community Missionary Sing mer resort. When twiligh~ came she Place. The shaded piazza and steps sat longing for the accustomed vesper of some building or a pavilion. service which had meant so much to Time. Sunday afternoon, or just her. Here about her were tourists and before sunset on week days. vacationists from many places. Every Leaders. The best missionary leadone seemed on rest or pleasure bent er to be had in charge of the program; and no one seemed to care about the the leader of the community singing great things which had'held first place in charge of the music; missionaries at the conference. Oh that they might and other speakers who can be secured attend such vesper services as she had to tell stories and incidents of misbeen attending for the past ten days! sionary work. She looked at the broad piazza with Modus Operandi. Notices in papers its fine outlook to the mountains and. and church bulletins. Posters in pubthe sky above. Then she went to the lic places. No one urged to attend, hostess and proposed that they hold a Free and informal, and planned vesper service right there. To her especiaJly for the people who want great. joy she f?und that so~e ?f the somewhere to go, out in the open, and guests were mterested mlsslOnary not for tired leaders who dread the workers, That gave her a nucleus. announcement of another meeting. Other guests became interested. As Hearty singing of inspiring missionary they gathered on the piazza and be&,an hymns, accompanied by orchestra if to sing the old hymns as day was dymg possible. Interesting stories told by in the west, others joined them, one by missionaries and workers. Presentaone. ANew York business man who tion of missionary exercises, pageants had not heard those hymns for years and plays. added strong bass notes to the melody. A bride and groom joined the party. A MISSION KNITTING BEE AND A number of young folks came in, and, HOW IT BUZZED by the time the song service was ended, the peace of that evening hour had By Miss Carrie Lee Campbell, Richmond, Va.

filled the hearts of those who looked How It Started. Women of like out on the majestic mountains facing mind agreed as touching this one thing and prayed; and then gave $10.00 for them. Then the delegate told simply the purchase of books, scrap-book, and and interestingly some of the stories of pictures of missionaries. missionary heroism and achievement she had learned at the conference. In the church calendar this novel Mission Study Class was announced- Everyone was interested and the dele- the subject, Africa; and the minister gate went on her way with her eyes emphasized it; they wrote sixty it.Iv.itaopened to a new hot weather method tions, and later 'phoned each reCIpIent for missions. to bring a friend of another denomina- Foreign Missions at Home tion, as the class would be "worth while." None of the other folks at the conference had thought much about them The home of an elect lady was of- -the negro servants on the summer fered for the meetings, the course was conference grounds-but a little mis- promised "short and alive,"-only four sionary from Africa did. While we meetings,-and the admission of knitwere singing lustily of ~'Afric's sunny ting gave the timid woman a sense of protection and at-horne-ness; and a fountains" she slipped off to conduct promise of "no questions" cast out a missionary service for the negro fear.

servants from the kitchen, the dining- And so they came.

H ow Carried On. Four meetings; can progress read by the thirty mem- varied programs, open and closed with bers of the class.

prayer and by the clock; note books for The minister by request preached on striking facts; maps and charts, and missions; and on leaving the church the scrap-book, were the things that everyone was given the folder, "A helped. Soldier's View of Foreign Missions."

A map-talk located outstanding feat- Envelopes for a special offering were ures of Africa; the nations in control, sent out in a larger envelope bearing (placing the flags); the different re- this message, printed on the outside: ligions, with special reference to the "That little missionary army needs present Mohammedan "Drive." Our your help; if you can't go across, come own missions were placed, and an across."

imaginary trip taken into the interior And there is no surprise in the news by train, boat, hammock and foot. that the offering met nearly the whole African curios vitalized one meeting, support of a missionary.

especially costumes, from the chief's Getting Ready for the Fall Campaign voluminous skirt to the child's one string of beads; and an African vil- Not always will the thermometer lage, made by directions from the Mis- soar. Fall days are coming and wise sionary Education Movement, helped leaders are laying in their stock of the understanding. Letters fresh from methods for the fall campaign. The our missionaries in Africa were re- following splendid suggestion of an ceived and answered. Acquaintanceship Drive, sent by Miss Elizabeth Northrup, who has actually Probably the livest feature was the tested it, is good stock for fall use: "floating scrap-book," separate blank leaves of which were distributed at the An Acquaintanceship Drive first meeting. When these dry bones came together they were breathing the How can new members be secured in life of colored post cards, pictures of missionaries, maps, charts, poems, a church in which only a small proprayers and pronouncements of great minds who thought and prayed for portion of the women belong to the Africa; the first page appropriately missionary society? This was the given to the founder of our mission. problem faced by a certain board of And such books! "an embarrass- managers. . ment of riches" ; several copies each of "We cannot expect them to come Mary Slessor, "White Queen of Oko- to us when they are not interested. We yong," Jean Mackenzie's entrancing must go after them," said Miss Busitriplets, "Black Sheep," "An African ness-Woman.

"But how can we make an interest- ing appeal when everybody is killed with money appeals now?" questioned Mrs; Doubting-Thomas.

Trail," "African Adventurers"; Dr. "We might have some sort of a Patton's scholarly "Lure of Africa"; 'drive' and do it all up in a week; two denominational books by our mis- that seems to be the up-to-date meth- od," suggested a Red Cross collector. sionaries; statistical slip, and storied Thus it was that the Acquaintanceleaflet; missionary magazines; a live library circulating briskly, and often ship Drive was launched. A young doubly or trebly read in one week. art student contributed a poster which, with consummate guile, omitted any And on the last day there were some mention of missions, since some bequestions, a sort of mild examination, lated women still cherish back-number typewritten, with spaces for answers, prejudices on this point.. The poster that there might be written down the daring deeds of devoted doers. represented a lady receiving with out- How It Ended. The record showed stretched hand a caller at her door, while a kitten, peeping around her 18,000 good missionary pages of Afri- skirts, gave the final touch of welcome. Above were the words, "Acquaintance- week for a basket supper, bringing ship Drive" and the dates, and beneath, with them their reports.

"Keep your latch-string out." The Did it work? Indeed it worked, as church calendar printed an announce- any well-planned and well-prayed-for ment that during the coming week . and well-executed scheme will work.

every woman in the church would be The assets were varied and interesting.

called upon by certain ladies for the For one thing there was good team friendly purpose of making her ac- work and the joy of results. In some quaintance and also of acquainting her instances the callers merely listened with certain aspects of church activity. sympathetically to a recital of troubles.

A list was secured from the pastor In others there was vigorous discus- and the names were divided territori- sion of the merits of the question. In ally and assigned to the members. It some places gifts of money were re- was interesting to see how the idea ceived, in others magazine subscrip- expanded into simple Christian fellow- tions, and many mite boxes were ship, as indicated by such remarks as, placed and listed. A fair number "That woman will not join, but she joined as active members, several hon- ought to be called on just to show that orary members were secured, and we are interested in her." Vhen the there was a long list of extension names were assigned each member was members. This last item made it nec- essary to appoint an extension secregiven for her own heartening that tary to take care of members who wonderfully persuasive consecration could not attend meetings, and the leaflet used by so many boards, "The story of her methods of cultivation de- Woman Who Gave Herself." She was serves 500 words all to itself. also armed with mite boxes, pledge cards, sample copies of the missionary The formula is: A perfectly simple magazine, and two leaflets-one an plan given a novel setting and backed appeal and the other setting forth up by determination, skilIful planning, earnest prayer and unselfish devotion facts. Then they started, two by two, to a great cause. It is warranted to agreeing to meet at the end of the bring results.

"He Is Counting on Yo~"

"He is counting on you," "He is counting on you," On your silver and gold, On life, money and prayer: On that treasure you hold; And "the day shall declare" On that treasure still kept, If you let Him have all Though the doubt o'er you swept. In response to His call; "Is this gold not all mine? Or if He in that day (Lord, I knew it was thine)" To your sorrow must say He is counting on you, "I have counted .on you, If you fail Him-What then? Bqt you failed me,"-What then?

"He is counting on you," "He is counting on you," On a love that will share Oh! the wonder and grace, In His burden of prayer, To look Christ in the face For the soul He has bought And not be ashamed. With His life-blood: and sought For you gave what He claimed, Through His sorrow and pain And you laid down your all To win "Home" once agaip. For His sake,-At His call, He is counting on you, He had counted on you If you fail Him-What then? And you failed not. What then?

-Selected.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MRS. O. R. JUDD, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

WAR WORK OF PROTESTANT Christmas time, books, magazines, and WOMEN always the cheering letter so welcome THE question, "What are we do- to the exile. Often the family of the ing for our boys?" has been "adopted" soldier received special at- tention in tokens of friendliness asked so often that it is timely through a call or a card to "set the to attempt' a somewhat adequate heart at ease" and brighten cheerless answer. To be sure, it will be days-a beautiful missionary service. impossible to sum up all the re- In the training camp and cantonment sponses that have met the country's the other group found its opportunity call, for their expression is as varied to greet the homesick lads. Sometimes as the myriad blossoms of spring, and the siFlgle local church, sometimes the each a joy to the eye, a benediction churches of a community through fedto the heart. But the answers as found erated activity, provided a working by the leaders of the Christian women committee of women who planned the of every denomination disclose a entertainment for the leisure hour, arthrilling panorama of enterprise, a ranged church suppers and picnics, living proof that the spirit of Him mending bees to care for the soldiers' "who went about doing good" is to- clothes (the first weeks of training day regnant in His handmaidens, that prove strenuous to the placcid muscles, the inspiration that results from a and a woman's helping hand is welcomprehensive survey of what is being come), visits to the sick and flowers, if perchance one must be sent to the hosdone must not be withheld from our pital, then the letter also for the hands American Christian women.

"What Are We Doing?" that cannot write to the loved ones at First of all, the troops mobilizing home. . Did the boys attend church out from home circles all unprepared service, none was suffered to leave for wars and rumors of wars stirred without an invitation to dinner in mightily two great groups of women- some of the homes. Such reports as the one left behind with all the poig- this come from churches of every denancy of heart hunger, the other await- nomination, and' may be multiplied ining their arrival at training camp and definitely. cantonment. Immediately two groups of ideas became active, expressive on In addition each denomination has the one hand of love and yearning and assumed a task uniting all of its women on the other of sympathy and a desire in a concrete effort to hearten the men to compensate in a measure for the representing it at the front by the conloss of home and loved ones. What sciousness of loyal support and faithmore natural than that the mother ful affection of the. church at home. writing to her son should see with new In general, the war work in each deeyes the boy who had few, perhaps no nomination is planned by a National Service Commission so as to secure in- friends to write to him. The "Big telligent cooperation. Part of the funds Sister" group began in many a church, of the commission are placed at the each "sister" pledging herself to write disposal of the Women's Board or frequent letters to a soldier boy as- Boards, as the exigency requires.

sig-ned to her in addition to her own. Disciples of Christ This easily expanded into occasional supplements containing home-made The Christian Church has just con- jellies, candies, cakes, etc., a box at summated the union of its Home and Foreign Mission Boards including its Lutherans Women's Board of Missions. A fund The Lutheran Church takes front of a million dollars has been raised to rank in caring for the comfort of her provide camp pastors and to men. The war fund of $1,500,000 is strengthen the churches outside the fully drawn on by the Women's Comcantonments. mittee to purchase yarn for the knit- ting of soldiers' comfort outfits. The Congregationalists yarn is supplied free of charge to the The National Council of the Congre- , women of the churches, that each sol- dier as he goes to camp may have a gational Churches voted $100,000 for complete set of knitted comforts. the work of the Nationar Service Com- mission. This unites both the general Baptists , and women's boards in a heroic effort Both the women's Baptist mission to minister to the one hundred thous- societies are doing splendid work.

and Negro soldiers in the cantonments The Home Mission Society recently of the South and to reenforce the appointed a woman to make a survey churches adjacent to training camps. of middle-western camps, at Leaven- worth, Manhattan and Junction City, Reformed Church in America Kansas, and at Rockford, Ill., to study The Reformed .Church has found the social conditions surrounding the most of its men in Camps Upton. camps, 'as they affected girls and N. y';'Dix, Merritt and Raritan, New women and to report upon the advis- Jersey, and in the camps near Chicago. ability of the Board's sending a The work is therefore concentrated in woman worker to each place to do those strategic points, the churches in protective work. At present two are the East providing the funds for the under appointment to "help the church nearby camps, with Chicago defraying carry out its social program, do per- sonal work among girls who need a the expense. in the West. "In the big sister, and find a service for Bap- churches near the camps women aid in tist women who are coming into these the establishment of recreation social towns to be with their men as long centers, and provide the atmosphere of as possible,"

a Christian home with the attendant Methodists ministries of those who stand in the One of the most outstanding proplace of mother." grams of war service of the Women's Friends mission boards is that of the Women's War. Council of the Methodist Epis- The beautiful task of clothing the copal Church, composed of three refugees of France and Belgium has members from the Woman's Home been committed to the Society of Missionary Society, three from the Friends by special arrangement with Woman's Foreign Missionary Society the Red Cross. The garments are and, three from the church at large. fashioned under the direction of the Patterns and directions for making Central Committee at Philadelphia, garments were sent to the young pe'o'- and distributed in France by the men pIe's societies last December, and by sent to erect new homes for those who April 1st a quantity of garments val- lost their all in the devastation of the ued at $1,325 had been collected. The valleys of the Marne and the Somme. Council has appropriated $10,000 for It was in these houses supplied by the work in the camps, the sum to be ad- Friends that the Smith College unit ministered through the Woman's cooperated toward restoring home ties Home Missionary Society. At Camp and pleasures for the woe-stricken Custer, the Council is maintaining a French women and girls. Travelers' Aid deaconess ready

to assist the young wife, sister or terian women from any part of the friend of the soldier to find comfort- country who may come to New York able lodging for herself and a favor- and who may wish to be met and put able opportunity for meeting her in touch with the boys of their family soldier, in short, to be the friend in either in camps adjacent to New York need to the strange women in strange or in hospitals." surroundings. Episcopalian An important phase of the Council's work is caring for war orphans, the Episcopal women also are lavishing work being carried out through the every possible care upon the soldiers Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. refreshed and encouraged in the For this purpose $45,000 has been ap- houses provided by the $500,000 fund propriated, of which $30,000 will be of the church. used for building an orphanage in France and $5,000 each for the care The South of the orphans of France, Italy and North Africa. Two women have been Possibly the first to be organized for sent to France to assist in this work. Christian war service were the The Council is also. promoting patri- churches of the South. Located near otic mass meetings in the churches, numerous great cantonments, they furnishing suggestions for a program were quick to respond with a flood of and a synopsis of a patriotic pageant. sympathy and helpful cheer, the first to send the call for the new service. Presbyterian No summons could be more eloquent than the "Call to Southern Presbyte- The Presbyterian boards are also rian Women" by Mrs. W. C. Winsbordoing excellent work. The Home ough, no message more reassuring to Board is urging food conservation and the mother of North and East and issues a leaflet showing how food con- West than its detailed record of what servation is practised in their schools. even before the end of last year was being done by all the churches of the The Woman's Foreign Missionary Southland to "cultivate the grace of Society of the Presbyterian Church hospitality" in gracious ministry to the has released its Field Secretary to strangers thrust upon them in such take the place on the Assembly Board overwhelming numbers. To all the of a man who has gone to Palestine Christian denominations in the South with the Red Cross, and for reasons the mothers of our country are everof patriotic economy gave up their lastingly indebted!. Biennial Assembly. They are cooperating with the National Service Last year the deaconesses and home Commision in printing and promoting missionaries of the Woman's Departthe use of the Intercessory Prayer ment of the Board of Missions of the Card, and have raised a War Emer- Methodist Episcopal Church South gency Fund of $37,545 to cover the offered their services to the governdepreciation of money values in for- ment for assignment to works of eign lands. mercy and social service. Their offer was accepted and several have been With keen .insight and characteris- appointed to protect girls in the vicintic care, Presbyterian women are urged ity of the camps and cantonments. to safeguard the Sabbath day, to redouble efforts on behalf of conditions Several large social settlements promoting child welfare, and to pro- conducted by the Home Department mote so far as possible attendance at of the Board of Missions have found Bible school and church services. They their place on the war program of too bear upon their hearts the appeal the nation and are being used not only of the timid traveler to army camps. for Red Cross work and other forms A camp visitors' committee has been of relief, but also as community trainformed to arrange "to meet Presby- ing centers for war work.

WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

A National Women's Prayer Battalion Mormon Church. The Bible was bound in soft leather and printed on The supreme ministry is crystal- India .paper. The .title page of the lized in a union of prayer. copy 111 my possession bears the im- "The shortest way to France," said print of the Cambridge University a o-reat Christian leader from that couOntry, "is by way of the throne of Press and of James Pott & Company God." American mothers have foun.d that way; and from the need of their ?f .New York. There is nothing to anguished hearts was born under the leadership of Rev. Eva Ryerson Lud- 111dlcah~ that it ?~:ffers in any way from gate the National Women's Prayer the ~rdl11ary edItIOn of the King James Battalion. Its members are classed as active if they have near relati.ves verslOn.* The Ready References conin the service. Others are assOciate S!st largely of Scripture, but the quotamembers. A simple covenant pledges hons. are used to support Mormon daily prayers for "Our country, and teachll1gs and are supplemented by for the sailors, soldiers, doctors and Mormon interpretations. One who nurses who are fighting for us at did not understand the significance of home and abroad," and every poss~ble endeavor to ,promote their physical the term "Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints" and who was and spiritual well-being. ignorant of Mormonism could easily Much more might be said of the be led astray and be caught in the net thus skilfully laid for him. powerful uplift given by ~uch ge,ne.ral The use by the Mormon Church of agencies as the Women s Chnstlan Temperance Union, th~. Young' t~e daily press for setting forth its Women's Christian AssoclatlOn and the Salvation Army lassies whose history and teaching is attracting wide heroic service in the hutment" takes them into the front line wateteenktiionn~. Space daisilyboinuO~'ahtnyonocfethae trenches. Such work, however, is fa- .leading miliar to all readers of the secular as well as the religious press. Enough largest CItIes of the country, extending has been gathered to show that Protestant women have recognized the from Boston to San Francisco. The magnitude of the new task and are ar-tides are written by James E. Talbringing to its accomplishment all the powers at their command. madge, well known as a doctrinal RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN writer of the Mormon Church and a MORMONISM. member of the Council of the Twelve.

By Mrs. George W. Coleman. In them the doctrines of Mormonism THREE recent developments 111 are shown to be in accord with the .Mormonism challenge especial at- wo;ld happe~ings of to-day and each artIcle supplJes addresses from which tentton. further information in regard to the. For many years the Cambridge Uni- teachings and literature of the Church versity Press and for five years the Oxford University Press published an of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints edition of the Bible which contains be- may be obtained. Here ag-ain is found tween the Old and New Testaments an insidious danger cleve~ly concealed. one hundred and twelve pages of "Ready References" provided by the The Mormon Church has never de- nied its belief in the divine origin of polygamy and has never hesitated to affirm that the day would yet come when its divine nature would be rec- ognized by the world and when its practice would be sanctioned. That day it believes has now come, and, as proving its position, it points to the need of polygamy as a means of mak- ing good the losses incurred by the na- tions involved in the great war.

*The printing has now been discontinued by the Oxford and Cambridge Presses.

News Of War

DR.A NEW Y. M. C. A. DRIVE have been called for, most of them JOHN R. MOTT, who return- actually purchased by soldiers. No ed in May from his visit to the studies are so attractive to the men battle fronts in France and Italy, has of the new army as those which relate announced a drive for 4,000 new Y. to the life and teachings of our Lord.

M. C. A. workers to meet the increas- GOSPELS IN CAMPS AND ing need in Europe due to the arrival of large American forces there. Eight THE HOSPITALS hundred of these workers must be American Branch of the women and they are all needed before Scripture Gift Mission has com- October 18. Plans are also being care- pleted a year of work along the lines fully made for a Y. M. C. A. drive in made familiar by the Society in Eng- the Fall for $100,000,000 to meet the land. Over 70,000 copies of Testa- tremendous needs of the work in ments, gospels and Scripture portions Europe and in industrial centers in have been distributed, 36,000 of these America. being Testaments containing Presi- THESOLDIERS AND THE BIBLE dent Wilson's message on reading the Bible. A distributor in the :Ear West following "Six-Point Pro- writes: gram of Bible Study" is being HI have placed over 3,000 copies of carried out with marked success in Scripture in the hands of am men; most . of the great training camps and have their promise to read it under the auspices of the Religious daily. Sometimes I am allowed to Work Bureau of the National War conduct regimental services, some- Work Council of the Young Men's times I have services in the company Christian Association: mess halls, sometimes in the Y. M. C.

1. An organized Bible class in A. b'uildings, ocasionally a meeting every company, battery or squadron, in the guard house, and quite often in with a leader chosen from the ranks. the barracks and open air. God has 2. Small groups for the study of signally blessed this work. I never the soldiers' personal, moral and give a copy of the Testament without spiritual problems. telling a man its message of comfort, 3. Leaders for Bible classes dis- love and salvation; and getting his covered, enlisted, trained and di- promise to read it. The results have rected. been phenomenal. We have spent an 4. The development of a camp at- average of three days a week at this 'mosphere by addresses, personal in- service for about six months and have terviews, and discussions, which will had over 700 men accept Christ, a make the daily use of the Bible and personal Saviour from personal sin."

the organization of Bible classes a WORK OF CAMP PASTORS normal part of the training.

S. A Testament or prayer book UNDER the auspices of the Gener- carried and used by every soldier and al War Time Committee of the .

sailor. Churches, more than. fifty men spent 6. The wise and intelligent use of two days in Chicago in April consid- carefully selected religious literature, ering plans for greater efficiency in suited to the varied needs of soldiers the work of the churches near can- and sailors. tonments.

The Bureau reports that 400,000 Included in the meeting- were army copies of the four specially prepared chaplains, Young Men's Christian As- courses of Bible study in book form sociation secretaries, representatives Df variDus commissions, as well as the the War Work Council of the Y Dung camp pastors from camps in the Mid- Women's Christian AssDciation, is dle West. Three fields were indicated open at Camp Upton. This hDuse is in which the camp pastor is indispens- to' serve a dDuble purpose as training able: first strengthening the churches center for workers in the other in training-camp communities so that houses. they may the more effectively serve . Other houses fDr cDlored troDps are the enlisted men when off duty; sec- Dnd, following up the War Roll cards being built at Camp Dix, N. J.; Camp signed at the Y. M. C. A. meetings Jackson, S. c.; Camp Dodge, Ia.; and relating the signers to the churches; third, ministering to. the Camp Lee, Va.; Camp GordDn, Ga.; sick in the Army and Navy ho.spitals, Camp Sherman, Ohio, and Camp Funwhere the work is always too great to ston, Kansas. At Camp Funston army be dDne by Dne man. barracks are in temporary use until the house is opened. MORMON CHAPLAINS ASOLDIERS WHO ARE NEGLECTED BOTH Eastern and Vestern Mor- COMMITTEE on War-Time mons are urging their sDldier- Work of the Home Missions Council calls the attention of churches bDYS in the army to miss no chance to and of helpful people everywhere to spread Mormonism among their com- the needs of the smaller groups Df rades. Polygamist B. H. Roberts and men in many parts of the country. These needs are summarized as fola son of JDS. F. Smith, the head Utah lows: "The big cantonments are be- ing IDoked after, but the lesser camps, MormDns, have secured appointments such as small aviation camps and as "chaplains" and will do. their ut- groups of soldiers guarding bridges most to. help this Dn. Mormonism and property, are being neglected. made a leap ahead in the Civil War These little camps are often near because of the diverted attention; it cDuntry churches which could render is doing the same now. great service to' the lonely men. These men are not prDtected from tempta- TELEPHONE GIRLS IN FRANCE tions as are the men in big camps, and life for them is monotonous." WHEN the first grDup of Amer- ican women telephone opera- CLEANING UP NEWPORT tDrs arrived in Paris in March they THE effort to. "clean up" the city found awaiting them comfortable liv- of Newport, and to make it "safe ing quarters which had been made ready by the Young Women's Chris- for the boys" in the Navy Training tian Association. Miss Mary George Station, dates back to 1915, when a White, writing from Paris of this mass meeting of citizens was addresswork, says: "The Association accept- ed by naval officers and others. But ed gladly the responsibility offered it the active work has been carried on by the Army. Before the girls arriv- since December last, with ministers ed, the Signal Corps officer in charge in clDse co-operation with naval ofof the first group came with a request ficials. for help. It was easy for the telephone operators assigned to Paris to live at In May, 1917, the Ministers' Union the Hotel Petrograd, our Hostess had wired Washington asking for House there. ThDse assigned to the war time prohibition and intimating interior were cared for by secretaries that Newport, with its large number in certain other places. of enlisted men, needed such a meas- ure. Later the Union sent its own HOSTESSES FOR COLORED representative to. the capital to. ask Secretary Daniels to make the city TROOPS dry.

T HE first of the eight Hostess Houses fDr friends Df colored tro~ps, which have been authorized by

OF THE SEA But I have implicit confidence in

ultimate success of the Young Men's THawaii Now "Bone Dry" Christian Association in supplying im- HE United States Congress has portant elements fO!' meeting that passed the bill so long pending, need. Indeed, it will go far to aid for the prohibition of the liquor traffic the Filipino people in the upbuilding in Hawaii. The law is a bone-dry of their own country and in the gainmeasure, and will be enforced by the ing of a national status among other federal authorities. The forces in op- nations. position were strongly entrenched, and many obstacles blocked the path- "The enthusiasm and solemnity disway. This greatly needed legislation played by the entire community of will prove a boon to the "Paradise of Manila on the inauguration in 1915 of the Pacific." There is a much better the two Association buildings are outlook for religious life and mission- proof of the people's appreciation and ary work since this new provision for belief that the Association will render Hawaii. them great service. The large, con- tinuous increase in membership is also TProtestants Welcome in Philippines evidence of the firmly growing in- HE president of the Philippine terest of the Filipino young men in Senate, speaking to Protestant the Association. Within a year's time missionaries, said: "I suppose that I after the opening, the two structures am a Roman Catholic; my mother had proved inadequate to meet the needs me baptised one and because she was and it was found necessary to cona good woman I have never left the struct an additional building." Church, but I am prejudiced in your favor, because it is true that Protes- Filipino Christians Suffer tant Churches make better men and women than does the Roman Church." T HE fact that the Philippine Is- lands are under the United States The Y. M. C. A. in the Philippines Government does not prevent the Protestant converts in some places H ON. THEODORE YANGCO, from having to suffer for their faith. Resident Commissioner of the An American missionary says: Philippines at Washington, pays the following striking tribute in F oreic!!;n "Persecutions there always are in Mail to' the work of the Y. M. C. A.: BohoI. There have been illegal im- prisDnment of Protestants and a rath- "America's material contribution to er futile attempt to boycott the disthe Filipino people is unparalleled in pensary. In one town the Christians the history of countries controlled by have had their carabaos killed; the outside agencies. The high-grade roof of their storehouse set on fire; rDads nDW crossing the length and the house of their elder burned to hreadth of the archipelago, the bridges the ground, with the loss of all his spanning brooks and rivers, the re- goods; a cockpit built near their markable advance made in education, chapel; and lawsuits brought against the equally successful work in sanita- members to take away their land. It tion and public health stand as tangi- was near here that they forced a Protble poofs of America's achievements estant to eat shoe polish on Good Friin her administration of the Philip- day, to prove that he was not carrying pines. However, of her spiritual con- poison for wells. tribution-important as that has been, and is-so much cannot yet be said. "In another town, Ragay, opposition and persecution which were very bit- ter at first have gradually lessened,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

and there is a group of believers which "Youngstown, Ohio, has organized has grown up around one Christian a federation and will have an execufamily settled there. tive secretary, June 1st. Akron, Ohio, is completing the mobilization of the NORTH AMERICA churches. The new St. Paul Federa- tion conduded its financial campaign, Bible a Required Subject April 22 to 29. Johnstown, Pa., re- vived its federation and has had a T HE decision of Columbia U niver- secretary for six months. Omaha, sity to make knowledge of the Nebraska, has completed plans for se- curing funds to carryon the work un- Bible a requirement for admission is a der executive leadership. There are significant sign of the times. The ac- now about thirty federations having tion was taken upon recommendation salaried secretaries. made by a committee representing Biblical instructors in American col- "The most serious problem of the leges and secondary schools. The Commission on Inter-Church Federacourse will include Old and New Tes- tions of the Federal Council is the tament history and the life of Christ. obtaining of these secretaries. Judg- The wonderful revival in Bible study ing from the reports received from that has come out of the war is turn- chaplains and ministers in Y. M. C. A. ing the attention of educational insti- work there will be many earnest, captutions to the Bible in a remarkable able men who at the close of the war way. But more than this, the world will give their lives to this program of is coming to see that the awful catas- practical and immediately possible trophe which is devastating the world Christian unity." is the outcome of the materialism that has pushed the Bible aside and tried The Work of a Great Church to furnish a civilization without its guidance. THE Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the Tracts in Many Tongues U. S. A. reports an increase of income THE American Tract Society h~s over last year. The receipts from all published the gospel message 111 sources for the year ending April 1, 1918 were $2,779,519, of which 178 languages and dialects, and the amount $850,163 was contributed on grand total of all its publications is- the field from native sources for sued from the home office has reached church, evangelistic, educational and 800,711,975 copies, of which 35,566,- medical expenses. The work of the 965 are volumes, 301,479,168 periodi- Board includes 166 stations and 3,598 cals and 463,665,842 tracts. out-stations with 1,366 American mis- sionaries and 6,870 native helpers. The missionary colporters of the There are 172,335 communicants and Tract Society have made a total of 499,735 catechumens and adherents in 18,958,862 family visits, have distri- 4.267 churches and groups, many of buted 17,487,750 volumes and held them in charge of native pastors. 602,803 religious meetings. Other activities are: The care of Church Federation Increasing 704,714 patients in 175 hospitals and dispensaries, 116 American mission- REV. ROY B. GUILD, of the Fed- ary physicians and 34 trained nurses eral Council of Churches, feels in charge, and a number of native phy- sicians and nurses trained in the medthat the War is markedly promoting ical colleges and training schools oper- Christian unity. He says: ated in whole or in part by the Board; the teaching of 77,668 pupils in 2,062 "The determination of the churches secular schools of all grades from the in large cities to deal effectively and kindergarten to the university; Bible unitedly with community problems which have been made more serious by the war has resulted in the rapid advance in the church federation movement.

instruction in Sunday-schools to 252,- New Brunswick," now engaged in 468 pupils, and eleven printing making a complete census. Its slogan presses which last year turned out 95,- is that of "Americanization of the 740,420 pages. Foreigners" through night-schools for the teaching of English, illustrated A Good Year for Southern Baptists lectures, concerts, social centres, etc. The census when completed will THE Foreign Mission Board of the prove of value to the religious forces. Southern Baptist Convention has The Y. M. C. A. dedicated its new just closed the greatest year in its building on April 4th, and the Secrehistory. For the first time in seventy- tary is planning a conference of minthree years the people have contribu- isters, leading laymen and represented over $1,000,000 to the work. tative laborers from the various plants who will attempt to formulate The receipts of the Board are for a workable program. Current Support and the Judson Centennial, the latter being a special fund TA Protestant Movement Among Poles of a million and a quarter dollars for HERE is a vigorous movement in equipment on the mission fields. More America among the Polish people than $900,000 of the latter has already to break away from the Church of been paid in cash. Receipts for this Rome. It began about thirty years ago fund last year amounted to $153,265.- in Detroit, Michigan, when the mem- 69. The receipts for the current sup- bers of various parishes in and about port amounted to $852,923.73. This Detroit began to feel that the property was a gain over the previous year for of the church ought to belong to the current support of $294,362.26. people instead of to the bishops.

About eighteen new missionaries A little later the movement assumed were appointed at the annual meeting more of a doctrinal aspect in Scranof the Mission Board. ton, when a Bishop Hodur, awoke to the realization that the people of his The convention set the figures for parish ought to read the Bible. He becurrent support at one million and a gan by reading several chapters at a half dollars for the present year. time in the Sunday church services, and said to his people: "This is the Foreign Problem in New Brunswick Word of God; and the teaching of our Church you know. Read the Bi- NEW BRUNSWICK, New Jersey, ble for yourselves and think." Seven with a normal popUlation of months afterwards 3,000 men and women were ready to say good-bye to about 25,000, has increased approxi- the Papacy, and they did. The Word mately 40 per cent. within the past of God brought illumination and contwo years, and of its total population viction and the desire for freedom. something like 50 per cent., or 17,000, This national movement is especially it is estimated, are foreigners. This strong in Chicopee, Massachusetts, rapid growth is due to the establish- and the adjoining towns, where there ment of plants engaged in the produc- are over 10,000 Poles. Protestants of tion of war material-munitions, air- the town are carrying on evangelistic planes, auto trucks, surgical dressings, work among them. etc. Some seventy-five industrial plants are listed, employing anywhere A U~ique Gospel Team from a dozen to upwards of 3,000 workers. Two plants engaged almost FAIRFIELD, Iowa, has a Gospel exclusively in government war work Team composed entirely of layhave about 5,000 on their pay rolls. At Milltown, adjoining, a tire com- men—'-twenty-four in all-merchants, pany has over 1,000 men in its plant. blacksmith, traveling men, editor, contractor, member of legislature, etc., Housing conditions are very bad, and the moral situation is threatening. Among the reform forces already at work is the "Patriotic Force of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

who go to the smaller cities of Iowa the army chaplains to enter missionand neighboring states on evangelistic ary work at the close of the war. campaigns. These campaigns last as The reasons for this decision are said long as three weeks at a time, and ac- to include the following: . The chapcomplish a great deal in rural evan- lains have been selected with great gelization. care and are high-grade men. There is, also, much similarity between the AResult of Dry Mondays in Boston chaplain's work and the mission work STRIKING argument for pro- on most fields, and it is probable that hibition is found in the effect of a successful chaplain would fit well one saloonless day a week caused by as a missionary. Another large adthe fuel famine in licensed Boston: vantage is that these men will be rec- ognized as men who have left all and The arrests for drunkenness on J anu- followed their Master into danger of ary 14th, the last Monday with open disease and death, that they might bars and saloons, was 129. On Janu- help Him to save His world. This will ary 28th, a saloonless Monday, the give them an influence on the field number of arrests for drunkenness that a civilian minister would need to dropped to 19, on February 4th to 7, gain in some other way. Then, too, on February 11th to one lone drunken these men will have been abroad and man in the dock, and on February will be more willing to leave their 18th there was not a single arrest, a homeland, relatives and friends, esrecord unprecedented in the history of pecially as they gave up their pastorthe courts. The effect of liquor as a ate when they entered the army. Such cause of other crimes is also striking- a wise move may be followed by ly shown by the fact that, while on other boards. January 14th, the last wet Monday, the total number of arrests for all MNew Attack on Polygamy crimes was 211, the fourth dry Mon- ANY reports are coming in of day showed only 60 arrests, a de- the great increase of Mormon crease of more than seventy per cent. propaganda in these war days. Most people are too busy thinking of other IShortage of Ministers things to realize the great peril in- T is said that the enrolment of stu- volved, but Senator Myers has rendents in theological seminaries in dered a public service in introducing into the Senate on April 5th a resolu- America for the present academic tion providing for an anti-polygamy amendment to the Constitution of the year has been cut forty to fifty per United States. When Utah was ad- mitted into the Union in 1896 by the cent., on account of the Var. In- proclamation of President Grover Cleveland it was on the condition that stead of the 4,500 young men who polygamy and all polygamous prac- tices would cease. Utah gave her solusually enter Protestant seminaries emn word and covenant that this would be done. But Utah has failed each year, this year's number will to keep her promise. She never in- tended to, for she was and is still not exceed 2,500, and may not even dominated by the Mormon Church. The one outstanding fundamental in reach that figure. UnepewdeadrdbsyofPr4~t0e0s0­ the belief of that church is polygamy. new ministers are Mormonism is indeed a system of tant churches annually, to repair the slavery for woman. Her married life is full of jealousy, bitterness, disaplosses caused by death and to provide pointment and hardship. She is the for legitimate growth. So many pas- tors and ministerial students have gone to the War, that hundreds of churches are pastorless, with little chance of being supplied, and the shortage bids fair to increase.

TMissionary Ex-Chaplains HE foreign missionary board of one of the large denominations is definitely planning to ask many of

slave of her husband and an object great reverence, although at first they of jealousy by her fellow wives. mocked. We have sent to the Chw-ch For Mexicans in California at Panama accounts of a revival here in order that it may send a permanent METHODISTS in Southern Cali- preacher….. Salute the churches in fornia are planning an exten- the name of the Evangelical League of the Canal Zone and may the grace sive piece of social and evangelistic of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you service for the Mexicans of that sec- all to the end."-Record of Christian tion. The community center, which Work. is planned for the old Plaza of Los Angeles, already has a Sunday school T of one hundred, a well-attended Brave Women Pioneers preaching service, and an open-air HE fact that the train is likely to service on Sunday afternoon. A be attacked by bandits does not Goodwill Store, opened in the commu- deter the American missionaries in nity center on March 9, was soon Mexico from making a journey refilled with eager Mexican women. On quired by their work. Miss Mary the property owned by the mission Turner and Miss Spencer, missiononce stood the finest adobe mansion in aries of the Presbyterian Church in Southern California, the residence of the U. S. A., in Mexico, have re- General Fremont. Later it descended cently left their former station at to the uses of saloon and gambling Aguascalientes and moved to Vera hell. This has given place to a frame Cruz where they are to open a school. chapel and a . bungalow store, the .This is part of the reconstruction plan chapel being dedicated last Decem- called for by the Cincinnati Conferber in the presence of 700 Mexicans, ence of July, 1914 in which the work twice as many as the temporary of Mexico was divided among the church could comfortably hold. This several denominations at work so Los Angeles effort has won the ap- that there should be no overlapping. proval of Methodist leaders locally and at the Board of Home Missions. Miss Turner writes: "Du·ring my -Christian Advocate. twenty years in Aguascalientes, I saw a wonderful change in the people.

LATIN A.MERICA We made our places as missionary workers, which I regretted to give TChristian Porto Rican Soldiers up, yet our opportunities here in Vera HE evangelical churches in Porto Cruz are ten times better. I judge Rico have interested themselves that the trains which run between Ag- particularly in the troops from their uascalientes and Mexico City are at- island now on duty at Panama, and tacked upon an average of once every $185.05 has recently been raised to week or few days. The road between provide these troops with copies of Mexico City and Vera Cruz is even the New Testament. The Puerto Rico more dangerous, but the missionaries Evangelico prints a letter from two make the trip with perfect safety."

Christian soldiers, Miguel Matta and Juan B. Quinones, who have estab- Changed Attitude in Mexico lished a Society of Christian Endeav- REV. JOHN T. MOLLOY, of Yu- or among the soldiery who guard the catan, after a visit to Mexico German Detention Camp at the Canal City, in the course of which he dis- Zone, on the island of Taboga. They tributed many tracts and gospels, have opened preaching centers at va- writes: rious points, speak to the German "Mexico City seems more ope·n to prisoners and conduct open-air meet- the Gospel than ever before. Not one ings. They write: copy of the tracts and gospels has "Roman Catholicism is very strong been torn up or thrown into the here, yet now they listen to us with streets, nor has one contemptuous cry,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

so oommon in the past, been heard. ences on a two months' tour which he The work has been treated with re- took through a region that had been spect, the literature graciously re- visited only once before by a Pres- ceived. One quaint old man asked me byterian missionary. He says: what my business was, and when I "It is necessary to stop not only for told him I was a teacher of the Bible, the night's rest, but also for a noonhe said, 'I have a Bible, but it is in day meal and rest, especially for the Spanish, and I want one in English.' sake of the pack-mules, which travel Then he proceeded to 'talk in English, albout twenty-eight miles in a day. The. and showed himself a strong ally of noon-rest hour and the stop-over night the United States. He said 'Your at the home of some wayside dweller country is not ruled by your people, afford us an excellent opportunity but by God, and is chosen of God to for presenting the truth to the little be the favorite nation of the world.' group that gathers around as we sing His name means 'John a Hundred some gospel hymns; and also gives a Fires.' " chance for giving medical advice and Educating Young Chileans remedies to hookworm and other suf- ferers. The triumphs of the Gospel "UNIVERSIDAD NOCTURNA" in Brazil have not always been wit- is the equivalent of "night nessed in the cities, but very frequent- ly in some of the most distant and school" in the Y. M. C. A. in Val- out-of-the-way places, where in unparaiso, Chile. This year the pros- expected ways the Holy Spirit has pectus announces classes in Begin- manifested His power." ners', Intermediate and Advanced English, French, Spanish, Shorthand, At the small city of Pocone, the Bookkeeping, Commercial Law, Political Economy, Typewriting and party was welcomed by a young lieu- Commercial Arithmetic. The field is tenant of the State Police, who has a large one, for it is said that there been interested in the Gospel ever are 30,000 young men in the city who since the time he left his native state have not had a school education, and of Sao Paulo on account of family who can get a start through these troubles and came to Matto Grosso. classes. Through God's good providence he The Association is also seeking to "was sent on before to prepare the meet the needs of women, and opened way for OUr coming to Pocone. Our in March an extension section for abiding place while we were there was working women who cannot read and in the police barracks. Two meetings write. The committee plans for "Con- were held in the theatre and all who ferencias"-practical talks on subjects could read received leaflets." which have the needs of the people in mind, and which aim at the formation EUROPE of Christian character. There is such London Jews Society Anniversary an increasing demand for young THE IIOth anniversary of the Lonwomen stenographers and office help don Society for Promoting Christhat business men and parents alike are suggesting that the Association tianity among the Jews was held on supply training for such positions. May 2nd, in London. S. H. Glad- H ookwonn and Missions in Brazil stone presided, and the speakers in- cluded Dr. J. H. Ritson, the Lord Bishop of Stepney, and Rev. Malcolm G IVING people advice and reme- L. Maxwell, head of the Cairo Mis- dies to combat hookworm and sion, who has lately returned from other diseases, gives missionaries an Jerusalem. An afternoon meeting of opportunity in South America. A the Ladies' Union Workers' Associa- Presbyterian missionary in Cuyaba, tion and Girls' Jewish Guild was con- Brazil, had some interesting experi- ducted by Mrs. Albert Head.

British Missionary Finances to the Indian ward on Thursday. As the new patients came in I was at FOUR of the great missionary so- once attracted to Jawala, who gave me cieties in Great Britain, the a salute. His great big head dress he removed and put on a little gay polo Church Missionary Society, the Bap- cap. After tea, and the ward had settist Missionary Society, the China In- tled down, Jawala produced a Bible land Mission and the London Mis- in his own .language, and reverently sionary Society (Congregational), re- removing his ~p, he began to 'export at the close of their financial pound the Scriptures.' He read a lityear that in each case the total in- tle and then in his native tongue come has been larger than at any would explain it all to the patients. previous time, and in each case there After all was over he offered prayer. is a small balance in hand. This, in It is over two years since I came to the fourth year of War, is remark- France, and never have I seen anyable. thing quite so touching. I had a long conversation with him, and learned he A Witness to Israel is a Christian convert. He is good to all the patients, quietly attending to REV. DAVID BARON was one them and doing many little things in of the founders, twenty-five the ward. I wish that the missiona- ries who taught might see him here. years ago, of the organization known His devotion to his Master, his kindas the Hebrew Christian Testimony ness to all the patients and his unto Israel. "What we continually press failing courtesy to all made me think upon the Jews," says Mr. Baron, "is of the verse, 'The fruit of the Spirit is that we believe in Christ as the Son of love, joy, peace,' etc., for his charac- Man and Son of God, not in spite ter seemed to embody all these rare of, but because we are Jews." gifts."

In addition to its headquarters in Anglican-Greek Cooperation East London, the mission for a number of years has occupied three im- THE Anglican and Eastern Church portant "watch-towers" for Christ in Association, of which the Bishop Genpany, Hungary and Russia. Be- fore 'the war, Mr. Baron and his co- of London is president, exists for proworkers reached many thousands of moting inter-communion between the .Jews of all classes, in almost all the Anglican and Eastern-Orthodox countries in Europe, and in North Churches. It seeks to remove all ob- Africa, Egypt, Palestine and Asia stacles to the cause of reunion, and Minor. to bring the members of the Anglican and Eastern-Orthodox Churches into The other chief factor in the wide- mutual sympathy and understanding. spread influence of the "Testimony" The Association forms a channel of is the literature which it has produced communication between members of for Jews. It has printed and published these Churches in all parts of the about thirty-eight excellent, and some world. Lectures and sermons are givof them unique, books and pamphlets, en on the history, life and worship of in Hebrew, Yiddish, German, English, the Eastern churches, and lecturers Russian, Hungarian, French and on the English church are sent out to Italian. These have been very widely the East. There is a branch of the circulated among Jews in nearly all Association in the United States. The the lands of their dispersion. Association has a membership of over 2,850, including thirty-five Anglican AAn Indian Christian in France and nine Orthodox Bishops, the Rus- CANADIAN nurse overseas sian Archbishop of Yaroslav being gives a glimpse of war work as one of the presidents. A sister society it is seen among different nationalities, and as she passes through the wards, she comes upon the fruits of foreign missions. She writes "I came

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

has been founded in Russia with the nated at once, but many missionaries same objects, under the sanction of whom I have known are well fitted to the Holy Synod, and includes as mem- be guides; as in their life they are bers many of the most influential of examples of economic management the Bishops, among whom is the new and moral vigor, and of living on a Patriarch of Moscow. high standard."-The Missionary Herald. MOSLEM LANDS ATo Train Women in Turkey A Crisis in the Caucasus MONG the practical departures which Constantinople College is REV. ERNEST A. YARROW, contemplating in its broad plans for the futUre are a training school for who has been in charge of the re- teachers and a medical school, where lief work among the 300,000 Arme- both women doctors and nurses may nian refugees in the Caucasus, ca- be trained. There is no medical bled from TifUs some weeks ago: school for women in the whole of the Ottoman Empire. Even nurses must "There is an extremely critical p()– in most cases obtain their training litical situation in the Caucasus. The abroad. Is it to be wondered at that Turkish advance terrifies the Arme- Constantinople College longs to fill· nians; and the Caucasian Tartars who this .very pressing need. are unfriendly to the Armenians surround them. There is danger that the Normal schools for teachers are whole Armenian race will be extermi- very few indeed throughout the emnated should the combination of these pire. Turkey needs hundreds and forces be successful. Should the Ar- thousands of teachers. Yet in the menians be rightly directed and great city of Constantinople of a milfinanced there is among them great lion and a half inhabitants there is no potential military force and this would place where teachers can be trained. furnish a reasonable hope that the The colIege has given courses in pedarace might be preserved by its own gogy-has in fact made a brave beginefforts." ning, but there is much more to be done. Who Is to Make Over Turkey? AJewish University in Jerusalem U NPREJUDICED observers like T the recent conference of the our own American ambassadors English Zionist Federation, the have spoken in the highest terms of public announcement was made of the the service rendered by the missiona- purchase of a site for the future Jewries in Turkey. A further endorse- ish University of Jerusalem. The ment of them is found in an article need and possibility of such an instiby Sir William Ramsay, an eminent tution was called to the attention of student of Asia Minor and of mod- Sir John Gray Hill in July, 1913. On ern Turkey, which appeared in the what proved to be his last visit to Quarterly Review. He says: Jerusalem he came in touch with lead- ers of the Jewish National Movement "My conclusion is that Turkey must in Palestine, and the basis of the nebe taken in tutelage by the Western gotiations was then laid which ulti- Powers, and that everything will de- mately led to a successful conclusion. pend upon the personal character and Immediately after the deliverance of the knowledge of the men into whose Jerusalem, the negotiations were rehands the task of regenerating Tur- sumed. key will be put. Foremost among those who are fit to be intrusted with this Among the many purposes which duty are certain American missiona- the university is intended to serve, are: ries in the country-not, by any means, First, the restoration of the country to all of them, for I have known one who said to me with fervor that he had never been inside a .Turkish mosque. Such as he may be elimi-

its normq,l life. To this end Palestine by remaining unmarried and becoming will need doctors, engineers, archi- a teacher in the school.

tects, biologists, chemists, botanists and geologists. Second, the work to INDIA be achieved by the university for the IThe Gospel and Indian Song NDIA puts its distinctive mark on inhabitants of the Jewish national everything that it touches. Though the religious value of music is recoghome has to be considered. Its part nized the world over, the musical side of the mass movement toward Chriswill be all-important. It will be both tianity in India is characteristically Indian. Reports from missionaries tell the reflective and the directive force the story. in the Jewish national life-b~idg~ng "In Meerut there have sprung up, the various elements and co-ordmatmg along with the mass movement, real poet singers who have told the story the various kindred institutions. of Jesus in song and ballad, just as the aTnhdird~xttehnesiounnivseyrssteitmy , with its press "radiating its light and attracting its force from a Jewish environment," can revitalize Jewry the world over.

DR. Desperate Need in Teheran lives of India's great ones have been S. M. JORDAN has sent the told through the centuries." . following cablegram from Te- "The bagavather, or lyrical preacher, ihseraacn~epPteerdsiwa:ith"Tthhaenkssu.m of $75,000 begins by singing in some Indian There is a chant a song in praise of God. The subject is usually a Bible story told by great epidemic of typhoid and typhus, means of songs describing various actions of the story. Interwoven are and famine conditions are unexpect- other songs and stanzas drawn from both Hindu and Christian literature, edly growing worse. Other Persian illustrating the main points of the story. Occasionally the address breaks cities are similarly affected. The prices off into a disquisition on some moral point which crops up. All is in song of foodstuffs are enormous, and they except the explanations, which are half chanted with musical accompaniare almost unobtainable. Dogs, dead animals, grass and even human beings are being eaten. An addi1:ional $100,- 000 shoufd be sent if possible. More could be used."

Busrah Is On the Map ment. The address is full of vivid illustration drawn from the life of the M RS. JOHN VAN ESS, of the people. The preacher is ordinarily mission of the Reformed Church the composer of the songs used, and in Busrah, Arabia, says that only a he generally adopts the nodding of the short time ago people asked her: head and other gesticulations practised "Where in the world is Busrah?" but by the Indian singer." now, when told that Mrs. Van Ess has been living in Busrah say. quickly: "There has been a wonderful re- "You are in the midst of things, to be vival in singing in the Meerut District living in Busrah these days." during the last year or two. Some of our own people have written new Since the occupation of Busrah by bhajans, or hymns, setting them to the English, there has been perfect popular well-known village tunes and freedom in all forms of mission work. they have gone like wildfire over the Evangelistic work has never been entire district. Every place I go the more encouraging, and the people people are singing in a wonderful new have never been more accessible. The. way. I have been astonished to hear girls' school, with such a small begin- boys about twelve years singing eight ning, is now one of the important in- or ten of these bhajans perfectly to stitutions of Busrah. The present crowds of non-Christians. This will primary teacher, one of the first pupils capture the hearts of the people of of the school, has defied public opinion India as nothing else can."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Indian Girls Work for Pilgrims cers think it best not to attend the church parade service, but to leave it E VERY year there is a great mela, entirely to their Indian confreres to or festival, held about fifteen see that everything is done on correct miles from Cawnpore and many come lines. to the city for the double purpose of attending the fair and bathing in the "Together with two other Chrisholy Ganges river. Thus they combine tians, the son of one of our native religion and enjoyment. clergymen has been promoted to the rank of superior non-commissioned "This year," writes one of the mis- officer. Visiting him in his quarters, sionaries of the Woman's Union Mis- I saw the secret of his influence in the sionary Society, "in order to give our text which was hanging in his room: older girls a chance to do real evan- 'For me to live is Christ.' He told gelistic work, I decided to take a num- me that that had been his motto from ber of them to .the mela with Scrip- the day when he entered the regiment. ture portions and hymn-books to sell. May God raise up among the Indian These girls who have grown up in the officers others of his stamp !"-C. M. close shelter of the Merriman School, S. Gleaner. are among the very few of India's children to whom the Christian en- A Remarkable Leper Asylum vironment is natural. To see heathen conditions as they really exist every- A FTER completing fourteen years where, even so close to their own of work in connection with the doors, is quite an experience for these Leper Asylum in Allahabad, India, fortunate girls. We divided our girls Mr. Sam Higginbottom writes: who were to go with us into two groups, one party going to the river "I rejoice at what God hath wrought and the other to a large heathen tem- at this time. Then, less than fifty ple. We could not but be impressed forlorn, hopeless, uncared for folk, by the ignorance, superstition and ab- housed in tumbledown mud huts, all ject hopelessness written so plainly on around a desert of ten acres; now, the overwhelming number of faces in four hundred and fifty lepers, housed that great shifting sea. Many of these in good substantial quarters, sixty people had walked weary miles to the acres of well tilled land, a good hosriver, hoping to bathe away their sins pital, church and storerooms. Homes in its muddy waters. Others had come for untainted boys and girls, who are in on the crowded trains, and in these going to school and being properly days railroad fares are no small item trained, are here also. Thete are an to them, for rates have been increased observation ward, beautiful gardens and all concessions to such pilgrims productive of many vegetables, fruit have been done away." and flowers, a place for the leper to get both pleasure and profit, a small The Punjab Christian Regiment herd of dairy cattle to provide fresh, milk for the sick. Some of the richest THE presence of native troops frcm experiences of my life, some of the India among the regular British choicest Christians I know, have been revealed to me in this Leper Asylum, forces, especially in Mesopotamia, as and I rejoice greatly that this work well as in labor corps in France, has was forced upon me years ago." been one of the memorable features of the War. These men represent all the Christians Exempt from Plague faiths in India, but there is in North India a regiment recruited entirely INoCULATION against bubonic from Christians. A missionary writes plague is so carefully attended to of his visit to them in Ferozepore: by Christian workers in India that the "The men were entirely under their Christian population is practically im- Indian officers, who evidently had mune. The missionaries are now sucthem well in hand. The British offi- ceeding in persuading some of the

Hindus and' Mohammedans to accept SIAM AND MALAYSIA' this treatment. So reports Rev. A. A. McBride, of Sirur, in the Marathi Demon Possession in Siam Mission. "A LL of the Christians believe in "Plague is with us again. It is the fact of demons and their taking its toll of the village people, power over human beings; but they but not in as large numbers as last believe also that by the power of Jesus year. The people learned the lesson Christ they can be cast out," says Rev. of inoculation and evacuation from the C. R. Callender, a Presbyterian mis- Christians. We were all inoculated, sionary in Siam. He describes one ex- and all evacuated their houses in the perience as follows: infected districts of the village, and not one case· was registered among our "On going up the steps into the people. This year, many more of the house we heard the woman say (sup- . village Hindus aryd Mohammedans posed to be the demon talking), 'There were inoculated, and they came out of come two men who belong to Jesus. infected villages earlier. It looks now One is a missionary, the other a na- like the 'deserted village of the plain,' tive of this country.' We found the and we can sometimes not get what young woman lying on her back on we want because all the shops are the floor, with a string tied around her cl6sed.'; wrists, a cloth tied around her head, and a rope about both feet, tied to- German Missions in India gether. I was surprised to see one of the Christian elders, who was helping I T IS evident from the report on me on this tour, sitting at the head German Missions in India, which of this woman, trying to exorcise the demon. His hands tightly clasped; the Bishop of Chota Nag-pur has sub- the long hair of the woman. I learned later that she was the elder's niece. mitted to the National Missionarv The idea of tying feet, hands and Council, that he no longer expects t~ head, and the tight grasp of the hair, was to keep the demon from making see the German missionaries returning its escape until its identity could be ascertained and an agreement come to to their former posts in India. Two with regard to behavior in the future."

and a half years ago, he says, he was After extended conversation this was supposed to be done, the bands not without hope that at the conclusion were untied, and the woman became normal again. of the war such conditions might ob- Singapore a Strategic Center tain as would not entirely preclude the "SINGAPORE is undoubtedly the return of the German missionaries. He most cosmopolitan city in Ma- now believes that to be wholly impos- laysia," writes a missionary in the M aslern World. It also seems to be will sible. The loss to mission work, how- the center of the Mohammedan literary ever, not be so great as might propaganda for the East Indies. It is doubtful whether there is any other have been anticipated, because in place in Malaysia where so many Malay books, pamphlets and newsmany parts of the district there has papers in the Arabic character are being published. Most of them are been considerable overlapping, three read by the Chinese.

missions working side by side in the One can hardly avoid the conclusion that it is in Singapore that the great same village. In some cases. a reduc- conflict between Christianity and Mo- hammedanism will center. No doubt tion in the number of agencies may be a positive advantage. The financial problem of maintaining the Lutheran work as a separate organization has become much more acute, as funds 'that have been supplied hitherto from America are no longer available.- Statesman.

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more converts from Islam may be won the heads of their neighbors and prein either Java or Sumatra. This has serving the dried skulls as ornaments been abundantly proved by the suc- for their homes. When the first miscess of the Dutch and German mis- sionaries went to Borneo, they were sionaries who have really seriously fortunate to keep their heads on their grappled with this great task, which shoulders. To-day, the Dyaks have now confronts the Christian Church, ceased head hunting, have given themfor they can count their converts by selves to farming and have taken on the thousand, whereas the Malays clothes and other evidences of civilizaboast that none of their race have ever tion. Instead of news coming once a become Christians. This is not true, month, as it did when missionaries for a few individuals here and there first went to Borneo, it is now received have been baptized. We believe it is by wireless. The missionary has helpthe duty of the Church to provide at ed to transform the people. such a strategic center as Singapore an adequate equipment for the conflict An Appeal from Annam which must decide the superior claims of Christianity. I N THE past the French Govern- . ment looked on the Protestant mis~ Schools Develop Trade in Malaysia sion as the forerunner of British co- lonial penetration and therefore has " F IVE years ago," says Rev. ]. R. been wary of admitting. evangelical Denyes, an American Methodist missionaries into French areas. This missionary in the Straits Settlements, is one reason why the large French "Americans heard much from the colony of Annam has received less Dutch and English because America evangelical help than almost any other was sending a thousand Yankee school region in Asia. One of the results of teachers to the Philippines. Today the the war will be to change entirely this Dutch Government is opening schools attitude of the French authorities and in Java at a rate they never dreamed of to throw Annam open to the Gospel before. The practical value of Ameri- as never before. can mission schools is increasingly recognized. Industrial training makes How ripe a field Protestant misscholars valuable citizens. Dutch and sionaries will find when they do go English colonists see what the Ameri- there is indicated by a letter recently can business man is just beginning to written by a Protestant named Duong find out. that trade follows the mis- to the Director of the Paris Evangelisionary." cal Missionary Society, asking that missionaries be sent to his country. The increased earning capacity of the 8,000 boys in the mission schools CHINA in Java, from the time they enter until they have finished the course, av- Lawlessness in China erages $50 apiece a month, or $4,- 800,000 a year in the aggregate. In MISSIONARIES of the China Inthe mission schools boys take on Eu- land Mission, stationed at points ropean dress, and learn to use knives and forks and many other implements in the interior, often send information of civilization. To meet all these new which is not available from other tastes in a generation of 8,000 boys, sources. Recent reports from this would, it is estimated, bring an in- source illustrate the sad state of lawcreased trade of $10,000.000. lessness which exists in many parts of China today. Politically the situation Dyaks Give Up Head Hunting is more or less chaotic. The absence of effectual control by the Central Gov~ D YAK is a word which conveys to ernment is increasingly manifest in many the idea of a people whose tribal pastime consists in cutting off In several provinces, especially in Szech- wan, Hunan, Hupeh, and Shansi. the west a sort of triangular conflict has been in progress for many months

in which Yunnah, Kweichow, and tours among the people. A member ~zechwan troops have been engaged. of the China Inland Mission, writing Since the burning of Chengtu, 5'izech- from Hweichow, in Anwei province, wan has been without a provincial says: head, and there has been much local "Since my return from Anking independence and great disorder. Bible School I have visited Tunki "Terrible accounts," writes Bishop (seventeen miles south-west) and Cassels concerning the east of the prov- Miaoshow (forty-three miles north).

ince; "reach me of looting, slaying and Last Sunday at the latter place I was other atrocities." From other sources discouraged. There was a theatrical it is reported that British, American show on, especially heathen and and Japanese steamers and even river idolatrous. It portrayed the ascension gunboats have been fired on on the to heaven of one who kept his vege- Yangtze above Hankow, the captain tarian vows and the falling to hell of of one vessel· being killed on the the wife of the same man, the mother bridge. American engineers also have of a priest who after many years broke been robbed and captured by bandits her vows on the death of the husband.

in Honan. And now comes the sad One or two of our folk barely took news that one of the woman workers time to attend service, and profited by connected with the Scandinavian Al- the show in selling sweet wine, etc.

liance Mission, associated with the C. Another poor fellow wants to give his 1. M., has been murd~red by robbers wife away. It seems hard to oppose, at Sanshuihsien, an out-station of Pin- because she is a plague to him. We chow in Shansi. get some difficult problems at times.

An ex-evangelist has been sowing dis- Preaching in Temples cord among his former flock there, and REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, who in general showing such an unre- has traveled widely among the pentant manner that I have suspended him from communiot1."-China's Mil- "walled cities of China," writes: "One lions. of the best things of last year was the getting many times into the 'kia miao' (family temples) in the villages to A Chinese Police Reformer preach. These 'kia miao' are veritable THE practical effects of a Christian sancta sanctorum. These were, to faith are to be seen in Nantung- my amazement, offered me by heath- chow, near Shang-hai, China, where a en clans with whom I got in closest Christian chief of police is really try- friendly touch. Bear in mind that the ing to introduce changes for the bet- heathen only, in this class of temples, ter in police methods. Instead of the worship the ghosts of their ancestors. old-time custom of leaving prisoners This year I have had the privilege re- in dungeons he has organized chain peatedly of inviting the village head- gangs, where his prisoners work in men, heathen all, to meet me in a the open air with their punishment re- body, and as a friend, to listen to me duced for good conduct. A short time preach Jesus Christ. This has led to back a number of story-tellers came calling me in to settle disputes in a to the place. (A Chinese story-teller friendly manner, and by mutual con- is something after the order of a me- cession and outside of the yamen-an diceval bard.) These men were telling unmistakable boon. In no previous filthy stories. The chief of police years have I gotten so dose to the drove them out of town. Later a num- heathen." ber of priests started the rumor that a Problems for the Missionary spirit which had the power to heal diseases had entered a tree near the MISSIONARIES often have dif- North Gate. They had set up an altar ficult social problems to deal and were doing a thriving business.

with, espedaUy when they go out on Hundreds were going daily for help.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

The chief sent over, arrested all the terian missionary in Changteh, Hunan priests, told them they could not de- Province, China, "and we have never ceive the people thus and only let before seen such -crowds of eager them go when they had sent out a listeners to the Gospel in Changteh as denial of the virtue of the tree and it has been our privilege to witness had taken away the altar.-Record of during the past week. Both at the Christian Work. afternoon meetings for women, and at the general meetings in the evenings, DR. The Black Death in China it has been good to see the large num- PERCY WATSON, medical bers attending. We have had to fill missionary of the American the aisle of the church with extra seats Board at Fenchow, identifies the these nights, and every available one pneumonic plague, which now threat- has been occupied. Ten days of nightens the whole of North China, with ly meetings for prayer with our helpthe Black Death which ravaged ers and Christians were the prelude Europe in iS46, sweeping away ap- to this campaign. These. meetings proximately 25,000,000 people. China were exceptionally good. The spirit and the world owe it to him that the of prayer was poured out upon us, and first news of the outbreak in Mongolia we believe the good results all point was reported in Peking and that back to these times of waiting on God measures were taken to prevent travel for His working in the hearts of th~ through the gates in the Great Wall, people." and to enforce quarantine and inoculation. Dr. Watson accompanied Gen. JAPAN-CHOSEN Chao and a military staff in a tour of inspection along the inner side of the A Japanese Christian Official wall in Shansi. Through the negligence of officials a number of infected H ON. SOROKU EBARA, who persons had slipped through and some was elected a representative in 200 deaths occurred. He thinks fur- the first Parliament in Japan, rether ravages in that quarter can be elected several times,. and a few years stayed. Other North China medical ago made a member of the House of missionaries have joined in this effort Peers, has also had a striking career and their services are mightily appre- as an educator. He organized the ciated by the Chinese government. first school for modern military· in- Dr. Charles W. Young of Peking, who struction. He visited America, studied successfully fought the plague in our institutions and returned to Japan 1911, has gone to Shansi to instruct to engage in regular educational work, the officials. He shows lantern slides feeling thq,t modern education would of the last plague, including views of be fundamental to making Japan a the uncared for dead, bodies torn by strong state. He invited a missionary dogs, a pile of l,400 coffins ready for to become a teacher in his school. burning, etc. He also shows them under the microscope the plague ba- A few years later a Canadian miscilli from a case two weeks dead. By sionary school was about to be given such means Dr. Young thinks he up because of the government regulaought to be able to persuade into ac- tion with reference to the teaching of tivity even the most inert of magis- religion. There were 400 boys in the trates. school and he did not like to see them "WE Results Follow Prayer turned out into the street. A few Japa- HAVE just completed a week's special evangelistic nese friends joined with him to take campaign in the city," writes Rev. W. over the school and Senator Ebara be- C. Chapman, an American Presby- came the principal. Since then all the debts have been paid and the number of students has grown to 800. Mean- while the new principal became a Christian and joined. the Meth09ist Church. Each morning he reads the

Bible and talks to the boys in chapel. Katsuda's history and advised him to Many of the distinguished men of enter Aoyama Gakuin. This he did, Japan have passed through his school. and was graduated from the Academy AA Leader of Japanese Women in 1892. He was converted and was baptized, but after leaving the acad- N INTERESTING visitor in the emy was lost to view until he loomed United States during the past up as a very rich man and the school's few months has been Miss Tsune benefactor.

Watanaba, of Japan, President of the Congregational Women's Missionary ,' W A Korean's Opinion of Missions Society in her native land. Miss HEREAS the distinguishing Watanaba has had a teaching experi- mark of Oriental ethics is to ence of some twenty years, several of which were spent in connection with honor man and despise wnoomtiaon~ the Women's Missionary Society. The Christianity has brought the W. C. T. U. also claims a large share of her interest and she is the president that men and women are sons and of the Kobe Branch. One object of her visit is to study the methods and daughters of God on equal terms." interests of missionary women in America, that she may utilize them as This, in the judgment of a native far as possible among her own people. contributor to The Korea Mission Field, is one of the great contribu- tions which Christian missions have made to Korean civilization. Previous to the entrance of Christianity, the A Japanese Business Man's Generosity writer states, politics were corrupt, in- dustry and finance were diso'rganized GINJIRE KATSUDA is renowned tehxrtorauvgahgaanwceh,irldwisihnodneosftyg.rafItn, tboritbheersy~ in the business world of Japan conditions the missionary brought a high ideal of life and the dignity of because he has become a multi-million- virtue. Where premature marriages aire through shipping since the begin- flourished and re-marriage was ning of the war. In 1915 he heard of frowned upon, the Church has conone dire need of a mission school, tributed a legal age for marriage and Aoyama Gakuin, of which he is an given to Korean women a "precious alumnus. The roof of Goucher Hall freedom."

needed repairing, and immediately Mr. Another point 'made by the Korean Katsuda contributed five thousand dol- is that common schools of both lower lars for this purpose. In January of the following year, says Mrs. Jennie Vail Bishop, plans for the expansion of the school were made public, and and higher grade have followed the Mr. Katsuda pledged ten thousand establishment of Christian schools, dollars toward this project. In June which were making the only attempt he learned that the equipment was far at educating the people up to seven from adequate for the greatly in- or eight years ago. Even now a creased number of students, and he ,church with two or three hundred promised an amount sufficient to erect members has a primary school, as a a suitable building and five thousand rule. Thus the Christian Church is credited with having laid the foundadollars for the President's home. tion of Korea's new system of educa- Nearly thirty years ago (in 1888 tion. or 1889), young Ginjire Katsuda joined an expedition to the Kurile A Islands, but was obliged to turn back The Deacon's Restitution for lack of funds. He pawned his MISSIONARY in Korea was ex- watch to pay his fare back to Kyushu amining a candidate for baptism.

and on the train met President Honda "What did you do about your sins (Bishop Honda) and Rev. J. O. when you believed in Jesus?" HI was Spencer. They learned something of sorry for them and mended them."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

"How did you mend them?" "By not tion over a great area. The Umvoti committing them again." "If I break River, in Zululand, without warning this pencil and resolve not to break it of rainstorm or other sufficient ex- again will that mend it?" "No." planation, but possibly, it is thought, "What must I do to mend it?" "Make because of a cloudburst near its source, it as much as you can like it was." came down in a wall of water seventy "Have you done that with your quar- feet high, drowning many Europeans, rels, debts and so forth?" Indians and natives. At the same As deacon Kim sat and listened, an time occurred a storm at Beira, the arrow of conviction pierced his heart. American Board's station in Mozam- He went home, took some money from bique territory, which actually carried the box, went to the drugstore and said the mission house out to sea. Fortu- to the proprietor: "Here is money nately it was not occupied at the time, for that medicine I bought a month Mrs. Maxwell and her boys being ago and promised to pay for in a few temporarily in Natal, where she was days. I beg pardon for not keeping making plans for going home, because my word." The druggist replied: "I of Mr. Maxwell's recent death. '

have been watching you Christians to see if Christianity is any different The NyasaIand Mission from these other religions we have.

Now I believe it is better, it giVes THE Nyasaland Mission which was power to its follower to do what it founded in 1890 by the late Rev.

teaches, and gives humility too." Andrew Murray, D.D., is laboring in Nyasaland, North Eastern Rhodesia AFRICA and Portuguese East Africa. Its an- New Movement in Abyssinia nual report, recently published, shows that, in spite of the many hindrances THROUGH the Swedish Evangel- due to the present world war and the ical Mission a remarkable re- Chilembwe Rebellion near Blantyre, ligious movement is reported from the 2,874 members were received into the interior of Abyssinia. This has taken Church during the past year by bap- hold of the Moslem population so that tism, and 1,370 adults broke with in the last six years some 10,000 have heathenism and were admitted into been baptized into the Christian the baptism classes. The Gospel has Church. The apostle of this movement been preached every week to 42,000 is an ex-Sheik, Zaccaria, who has adults and children. The work of changed his name to Noaye Kristos, a translating the entire Bible into the person of great influence in Sokoto, in native language, the Chinyanga, has the Amhara country where he lives. just been completed by Rev. W. H.

The movement has sprung from Murray, assisted by Rev. Mr. Napier, Scriptures distributed by the British of the Presbyterian Church. This task Bible Society in Abyssinia. and is which has required ten years of active evangelical in character. Indeed these labor on the part of Mr. Murray, gives new Christians are so dissatisfied with a million people the entire Bible in the dead forms of the Coptic Church their own language.

that they are organizing' classes for Through the sacrificing efforts of Scripture study and have mobilized the Church in South Africa, the missome 500 men, who are serving as sionaries on the field and the native teachers. Christians, a deficit of about $5,000 Serious Floods in Africa was wiped out and a goodly balance left in the mission treasury. The WORD has come that Zululand has North American Council transmitted been cut off from Natal by seri- about $5,000 during the past year ous floods, which have washed away from the supporters of the work in the bridges and spread death and destruc- United States and Canada.

Pilgrims of Hawaii. Their own ciaIly. Yet enough is recorded to sup-

story of their pilgrimage from New England and life work in the Sand- ply a clear outline, while the essential history is very fully given in the main wich Islands, now known as Hawaii. section. It is a unique combination By Rev. and Mrs. Oramel Hinckley of documents and commentary and Gulick. Illustrated, map. 351 pages.

N ew York: Fleming H. Revell Com- has in it what will interest the friends pany. $1.50 net. 1918. of missions and at the same time will Two years hence the centennial cele- supply the student of missionary bration of the landing o"f the first mis- methods a very satisfying collection of sionaries to the Hawaiian Islands will data bearing upon them.

be celebrated. Yet fifty years ago the Our Hawaii. By Charmian Kittredge London. $2.25. Illustrated. Bvo. 345 Islands were so fully Christianized pp. Macmillan, New York, 1917. that the American Board of Foreign Missions had finished its main task "They don't know what they've and could relinquish its work to the got," said Jack London of the Ameri- Hawaiian churches, whose Evangel- can public when, ten years ago, he ical Association has been the bulwark first recognized the beauty and wonder of Christianity there ever since. One of Hawaii. Because the common hundred and fifty-three persons, from knowledge Americans possess con- 1820 to 1894, were sent to the Islands cerning Hawaii is so scant, Mrs. Lonto accomplish the transformation of don undertakes to give in journal form Hawaii. How they accomplished this miracle, with God working through a resume of her experiences during a them, is here told by survivors of the early missionaries' children who have brief residence there ten years ago, seen with their own eyes much of what during a more recent visit to that they here record. Paradise of the Pacific. The book is full of entertainment and information, The volume is of varying character much of the latter not easily accessible.

and hence is divided into three parts. James Monroe Buckley. By George The first gives an outline history of Preston Mains. 305 pp. Price net, the coming of the missionaries, with $1.50. The Methodist Book Concern: the beginnings of their work and a New York, 1917.

too. brief description of the Islands. If Dr. Buckley was an attractive Part II is the most valuable section, man, one would not guess it from this which (in 225 pages) gives selections biography. The chapters deal with him from contemporary correspondence as "The Preacher," "The Traveler,"

covering the years 1820 to 1859, when "The Editor," and from other aspects.

the work was fully established. Part The reader is mildly interested in the III contains an unduly condensed tab- account of his activities and achieve- ulation of results of the Mission, in- ments, but the author fails to make cluding religious work, education, lin- one love or admire this hero whom he guistic achievements, agricultural re- himself looks upon with "wondering sults of the coming of missionaries, admiration."

the commercial development of the A great biography, like a great por- Islands and the outlook to-day. Per- trait, is the fruit of "terrible toil." This haps the very fact that the authors one seems to have been written too were. familiar with the enterprise from easily. Press notices, long quotations, ~ childhood has kept them from realiz- eulogies, moralizings, meet one in al- ing how much is left out in the some- most every chapter. The book intro- what analistic style of the volume, a duces us to Dr. Buckley. We mt1st weakness of Parts I and III espe- go elsewhere to know him.

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

Sons of Italy. By Antonio Mangano. is an observer whose purpose is to repro-. Illustrated. 12mo. 234 pp. 60 cents. Missionary Education Movement, New duce impressions of the first three or York. 1917. four months of China travel, as "the T HE Italians are a picturesque race, but they are also hard workers and fascinating noveJty of the Orient might loyal friends. In one year before begin to fade after a six months' tour." the war 283,000 came to America. This delightful freshness shows itself The number dropped last year to also in his sage declarations about things 33,665. Prof. Mangano, of Colgate and men Chinese which "old China Theological Seminary, gives some valuable and interesting information in this hands" would be cautious about speak-. "social and religious study of Italians in America." After an introductory story ing of in so ex cathedra a manner. Afof one immigrant, he describes the sunny :and from which these multitudes came fecting the tone of a Far Eastern and their habits and training in Italy. Then he gives the facts about conditions authority he says that Lao-tze, founder that the immigrant faces in America and how these Sons of Italy have succeeded ofTaO"Ism, was "born at Honan,"·JUst in overcoming the difficulties that face them. as he probably speaks of Lincoln's being:…

Few who have not been in close con- "born at Kentucky." His lulowledge of tact with laboring conditions, realize- the life in a, "section gang." The low missions makes him say on page-I72 that wages ($7 to $10 a week), poor accommodations and ill-treatment naturally it is claimed that Hangchow was the make Socialists and sometimes lead to violence as a protest. The Italians in first city to· receive Christian mission- America are not only barbers and shoeblacks but work in shoe factories, glue aries and on page 278 that it was introand ;aint works, chocolate factories, duced as early as 625 and that the f~­ silk mills, glass works, coal a!1d ir~>n mines bricklaying, stone quarnes, dIg- mous N estorian monument was set up In ging ;ubways and constructing railroads. Many of them have risen high in pro- Hsia-an Fu in 782. President Li Yuan· fessional and business life, but most of them have lost their religion. Prof. hung, he says, is believed to be a "C?h~is­ Mangano shows how sadly they need religious instruction. tian convert. Now, when a Chnstlan – This study forms an excellent textbook for classes and is very readable. It practically occupies the Dragon Throne is valuable for reference. of Cathay, it is time that the world The Spell of China. By Archie Bell. Illustrated. xvi, 404 pp. $2.50 net. took notice." So easy is it to pass from The Page Co" Boston. 1917. the belief to the certainty-even when A BOOK of the "Spell Series" al- ways has something to commend it. President Li is reputed to be an ortho- The spell in this case is mainly confined to the fine half-tones, six less effective dox Confucianist! Other errors appear pictures in "full color," and a facile pen that rambles through the book from not to have "crept in," but in the words Hongkong to "China's little sister," Korea but never far from the beaten of Dr. Arthur Smith, in another contracks' of travel. The author obviously nection, they have stalked in boldly with hat on and umbrella spread and have taken a front seat. .

Nevertheless Mr. Bell has written most interestingly about the great sea- board and Yang-tzu cities and his ac- count of Peking and Seoul are well worth reading. His point of view is that of the traveler of the globe-trotc .

ting variety, rather than that of the thoughtful traveler like Prof. Ross, for sinecstraentsce~f anxious to tell his readers the China's unbroken past and its, promising future.

His Dominiol'11. By Rev. W. T. GUnn. Illustrated, 12mo, 209 pp. 60 cents. The Canadian Council of th.e Mission- ary Education Movement, Toronto.

1917.

"HIS Dominion" is Canada – viewed as God's country. The book contains a delightful descriptiotl of the great North land-nearly equal in size to Europe; and very interest- Maintenance ~f Health in the Tropics. ing bits of Canadian history. The By W. J. Simpson, M. D. J2mo. 174 story of the development of Christian- pp. 3s 6d. John Bale Sons & Danielity is told briefly and leads on to an son, London, 1916. account of Home Missions to-day. Dr. Simpson's book has already Dr. Gunn has given us a valuable and proved its value to those in the tropics. well written text-book on a country al- It is published under the auspices of together too little known. the "London School. of Tropical Medicine" and gives a sane advice The Book of Personal Work. 8y John concerning the precautions, habits and H. Faris. 8vo. 315 pp. $100 net. remedies that are best calculated to George H. Doran Co., New York, 1917. preserve life and health in tropical Soul winning is a gift, but it re- countries.

quires passion and skill. The gift is Good Health for All. By A. T. Scofield. from God; (the passion is born of M. D. 12mo. 104 pp. Is 6d. Picker- ing & Inglis, Glasgow, 1916. spiritual experience and insight; skill comes with study and practice. Dr. Dr. Scofield gives a great deal of Faris supplies many valuable hints for good general infonpation about health soul winners and many examples of for all ages from ailing infants to tired souls that have been won. They stir . grandparents. the heart and stimulate to similar endeavor while at the same time they The Coming of the Dawn. By Jane A. suggest ways of winning others. This Pierson. Illustrated. Bvo. 299 pp. is a good volume for classes in per- $1.50. The Standard Press, Concinsonal work. Tnati, 0., 1917. Jesus Is Coming. By Wm. E. Black- HE problem of Jew and Gentile is stone. 12mo. 252 pp. SO cents. Moody dealt with in this novel from a Bible Institute, Chicago, 1916. Christian point of view. It is more than Interest has been revived in this a good love story for it takes up very subject by the World War. Mr. Black- vividly the social disabilities of the Jews stone's study is one of the clearest in America, the cruel persecution of and most scriptural and sane that has Jews in Russia, and the horrors o'f appeared. It was first issued nearly Siberian exile under the Imperial Govforty years ago, has been trans- ernment of Russia. It is a book that lated into 25 languages and has been a will interest workers among Jews and blessing to multitudes. It deserves one that may advantageously be given to careful reading and prayerful study. intelligent Jews to read.

Methods in Prayer. W. Graham Scrog- Wandering Stars. By Rev. Andrew Hangie. 12mo. 172 pp. $1.00 net. Geo. sen. 12mo. 163 pp. $1.00. George H. H. Doran Co., New York, 1917. Doran, 1916.

True prayer means much more than Dr. Hansen knows how to find in the the offering of petitions. It includes every day happenings of ordinary life the also the offering of worship, the offer- lessons most easily understood by a child, ing of confession, of thanksgiving, of and in these ten-minute sermons for the the Petitioner himself and all that he juniors shows an intimate understanding is and has. Mr. Scroggie brings out of a child's heart. With quaint titles, this and much more in his helpful appealing phrase and familiar subject study of prayer-a neglected and mis- he makes vivid the simple lessons of understood power with many Chris- courtesy, sympathy, love, courage and tians today. This volume reveals the gentleness. Here are a few of the sug- true character and meth!>d of prayer, gestive titles: Bountiful Eyes; The but it would be more stimulating if Puckery Pear Trees; Don't Block the it gave more illustrations of the re- Gangway j Slightly Soiled-Greatly Re- sults of prayer from modern biogra- duced in Price; The Bible's Untamable phy and history. Animal.