The Missionary Review of the World — July 1939

1939

The "Moksa" Goes to the Country Shannon McCune When a Mission Became a Church Alexander H. Kemp Rural Youth of the Church Today H. S. Randolph Spain Today and Tomorrow By a Wayfarer Politics and Religion in Albania Phineas B. Kennedy Liberty and Religion in Red Russia F. J. Miles Forty Years' Progress in Latin America Webster E. Browning 25 Cents a CoP1 $2.50 a Yeat'

D.tes to Remember WORLD FRIENDSHIP — FIRST

June 24-July I-Eagles Mere Confer- IIJUST LIKE YOU II ence of Missions. Chairman, Mrs. Earl Breeding, 24 Rugby Lane, By LUCY W. PEABODY Scarsdale, N. Y. 196 pages, a picture on every page. Children love it···Libraries need it. June 28-July l7-Erieside Conference for Girls and Young Women. Wil- PEACE AND GOOD WILL DEPEND UPON IT lowick, Ohio. Special Price, $1.00, Postpaid July 3-10-Northfield Missionary Con- ference for Women and Girls. East Order from MISS M. H. LEAVIS, 186 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, Mass. Northfield, Mass. For information, address Mrs. Warren C. Taylor, 38 Obituary Notes of seventy. For thirty years he had Union Ave., Schenectady, N. Y. held administrative positions in the Mr. Russell Carter, who retired Illinois Synod and the United July 6-11 – International Christian two years ago after serving forty Lutheran Church. He retired from Endeavor Convention, Cleveland, O. years as treasurer and Assistant active service in 1936 after having Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board served as Secretary of English Mis- July ll-August 16 – Winona Lake of Foreign Missions, died in Pitts- sions of the Board of American Mis- School of Theology. Winona Lake, burgh, Pa., April 29, at the age of sions for eighteen years. Ind. Dean, Dr. J. A. Huffman, 302 72. Mr. Carter had also traveled Morton Blvd., Marion, Ind. *** • • extensively in foreign lands. July 22-28-Baptist WorId Congress. The Rev. Albert Oltmans, former Atlanta, Ga. • secretary of the American Mission to Lepers, died June 12th, at Yokohama, July 2l-30-'-Erieside Annual Summer Rev. George F. Jenkins, formerly at the age of eighty-four. Bible Conference. Willowick, near Cleveland, Ohio. a Presbyterian missionary in China, He was born in the Netherlands, and came to the United States when a July 24-August 2-World Conference died April 6, in Kansas City, Mo. In youth: He was graduated from Hope of Christian Youth, Amsterdam, 1903, Mr. Jenkins went to Hunan un- College, Holland, Mich, in 1883, and Holland. der the Cumberland Presbyterian from the New Brunswick Theological Seminary in 1886. That year he went August 30-Sept. 2-National Rural Church; and later transferred to to Japan as a missionary for the Re- Forum. Penn State College, under the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., formed Church in America. He re- the auspices of the American Coun- stationed first at Changteh and then tired from active service as a mis- try Life Assn., Dr. Benson Y. sionary fifteen years ago and took up Landis, Executive Secretary, 297 at Taoyuan, where he established an his work as secretary of the American Fourth Ave., New York. Mission to Lepers in Tokio. Recently, • orphanage. • • the Japanese Government decorated August l-lO-Erieside Conference for Mrs. Caroline Atwater Mason, au- him for his work among lepers. Boys and Young Men. Willowick, thor of more than twenty volumes of Ohio. short stories, travel and religious Aug. SolO-Ninth Quadrennial Con- books, died recently. She was the vention of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of Af- widow of Dr. John H. Mason, a pro- Personal Items rican Methodist Episcopal Zion fessor in Rochester Theological Sem- Church, Detroit, Mich. inary.

August l3-2O-Geneva Summer School The Rt. Rev*. R*ob*ert Lewis Pad- of Missions, Lake Geneva, Wis. For information write to Mrs. Paul dock, retired Bishop of the Protestant Rev. William C. Kerr, of Seoul, H. Wezeman, 1177 S. Humphrey Episcopal Church, died in Clifton, Korea, has been appointed to the fac- Ave., Oak Park, Ill. N. Y., on May 17 after a long ill- ness. He was born December 24, ulty of the Imperial University in Sept. 2-4-Erieside Business Women's Conference, Willowick, Ohio. 1869, in Brooklyn, N. Y., and was Seoul, to teach Latin and English ordained as Missionary Bishop of Literature. Because of this connec- DO YOUR S.S.PAPERS Eastern Oregon, in 1907. He retired tion he has been able to start an Eng- ~ in 1922. **• lish Bible Class among university stu- BIBLE TRUTH? Rev. William B. Millar, D.D., for- dents. **• ~~ COUNCll. ~ FIDES – For Young· People merly General Secretary of the New Dr. William Webster Hall, Jr., of York Federation of Churches, died on New York and Sofia, Bulgaria, has May 30 in New York City as a re- been called to the presidency of the sult of a stroke, at the age of 73 College of Idaho. His experience in years. Dr. Millar was born in Lake Mills, dealing with educational pioneering Wis., in 1866. After his graduation was gained in the Near East first at from Lawrence College, Appleton, Robert College, and then in the Ameri- Wis., he became a Y. M. C. A. secre- tary at LaCrosse and later was Sec- can College in Sofia. He is the retary of the International Committee author of numerous magazine articles (1896-1910). He was a founder of and books. the Army and Navy Department of *** Mr. P. O. Philip who has been for the Y. M. C. A. in which he did excel- some years Secretary of the National lent pioneer work. He was General Christian Council of India and one of Secretary of the Laymen's Missionary the Editors of the N. C. C. Review has Movement and later of the Inter- resigned as Secretary to take up work church World Movement. Dr. Mil- in connection with the Mar Thoma lar is survived by his widow and three Syrian Church whose interests have daughters and a son. always been very dear to him. His *** home will be in Travancore, South India, and he is expecting to be a reg- Dr. John F. Seibert, for nearly a ular contributor to the N. C. C. Re- half a century an active home mission view. 1502 N. Third St. Harri.bare, Pena. worker in the United Lutheran (Concluded on page 337.) Church, died April 19th at the age

MISSIONARY HOW TO EDUCAT'E

REVJEW OF THE WORLD YOUR CHILD At Home. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Calvert's wor1d~famou8 home study plan fives superior VOL. LXII Nos. 7-8 education to thousands of children not near good schools JULy-AUG., 1939 t or unable to attend school. Complete courses for each Publication and Business Office- grade from Kindergarten to High School. All books. Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. materials and teacher gl.!idance included. En- t~lUsias:ical1y endorsed by educators and parents. Editorial and Executive Office– Low cost. Vrite today for free catalog. State 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. child's age, Entered as second-class matter jt CALVERT SCHOOL, 187 E. Tnscany Rd., Bahim.re, Md. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. all the missionary societies. It can 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. do for these societies what no one of Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. them can do for itself." All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. JOHN R. MOTT, British agents – Marshall, Morgan . and Scott, 12 Paternoster' Buildings, Chairman, International London, E. C. 1 shilling per COpy, Missionary Council. 10 shillings a year. *** MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. "My congratulations on the splen- BOARD OF DIRECTORS did issue of THE REVIEW on home ROBERT E. SPEER, President A. L. W~RNs;auIS, Vice-President missions." (June, 1939). W ALTIllR,.' McIlouGALL, Treasurer KENNETH S. LATOURETTE, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Professor of Missions and Or-iental History, Yale PAUL J ..; B.RAISTED· University.

S~UEL'MCCREACAVERT *** D.J. FA-NT""'" . "I have taken occasion to go through MRS. ORRIN ,R.' JUDD the latest issue of THE REVIEW and it wM.. B. LIPPHAllD has brought back to me what a very ERIC M. NORTH able and worth-while publication it SAMUEL M. ZWIilMER is; indeed it has appealed to me so Only 10 swift days direct to Yokohama when you sail by much that I am starting to subscribe Empress to the Orient. Only 3 more days to visit lovely Editorial (.hat over again. The only reason I dis- Hawaii en route by Empress oj continued my subscription was that I lapan, largest and fastest liner This July-August number includes on the Pacific, or Empress oj two summer months when many read- have so many magazines coming to Canada. From California ers are away from home and when ports connect at Honolulu. most local church activities are less. my desk that it is simply impossible The articles in this issue will be of Frequent sailings from both great interest and many are particu- even to scan them all, and in a Scotch Vancouver and Victoria to larly readable for summer mission Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, circles. spirit one day I decided .that I must Shanghai,HongKong,Manila. economize." ,. Consult YOUR OWN TRAVEL *** AGENT or Canadian Pacific: DR. GEORGE W. ARMS. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. The Foreign Missions Conference at Swarthmore, Pa., (July 9-16) comes Bedford Presbyterian Church, too late to include a report in this number. It has been unusual in set- BrookLyn, N. Y. up, in interest and importance-fol" lowing the Madras Conference and Personal Item, planning to make the most effective use of the re~ults of that 'con:l;erence. (Concluded from 2d cover.) Dr. Milton T. Stauffer, former Education Secretary of the Student Vol- Dr. Wilbert W. White has resigned unteer Movement, and Dr. Herrick from the presidency of the Biblical B. Young, Personnel Secretary of the Seminary in New York, with the title presbyterian Board, are to report and Founder and Honorary President of evaluate this Foreign Missions Con- the Seminary. His brother, Dr. J. ference in the September number of . Campbell White, will act as president THE REVIEW. Look for this report. until a successor has been secured. *** *** Recent letters have contained the following comments on THE REVIEW Mr. James Stark, Mr. M. Hardman and its value: and Miss R. E. Oaskeshott are retir- ing after fifty years of service in the "After all is said and done, THE REVIEW seems indispensable, although China Inland Mission. I know of no otbers of this mission who subscribe for it. But I want it Mr. E. K. ** * a misand that's the reason for this check. I've been a patron for more than Higdon, formerly thirty years, with some time carelessly skipped." sionary in the Philippines under the REV. JOHN C. FINEFROCK, United Christian Missionary Society, United Lutheran Church Mis- has been elected to a foreign secre- sion, .Guntur, .India. taryship in that Society.

*** The Rev. * *R. * Associ- "THE REVIEW exists primarily to Jesse Wilson, further in every way the program of ate Scretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society connected with the Home Department, has been transferred from the Pacific Coast office at Los Angeles and is now in the same department in the main of- fice, New York. Dr. Wilson was for- merly a missionary in Japan and later the general secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement.

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"MOKSA" (DR. WM. N. BLAIR) REMOVING HIS SHOE COVERS ON LEAVING THE CHURCH. (THE MEN USE ONE

AND WOMEN THE OTHER) INTERIOR OF THE CHU)'tCH AND AUDIENCE-(TWO JAPANESE DETECTIVES IN THE CENTER FOREGROUND) GDiNG TO CHURCH IN KAICHUN, 'CHOSEN

NARY

REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LXII JULY-AUGUST,1939 NUMBERS 7 AND 8 Topies of the Times ARE FORCIBLE CONVERSIONS POSSIBLE? only by a long process of training after a conquest. The Soviet rulers of Russia are attempting to con- At times the objection is raised that Christian vert the people to atheism by force; they are not missions attempt to bring about the conversion of succeeding and can only succeed by a long procmen by bribery or force. It is possible by such ess of atheistic education. In Nazi Germany, means to change a man's vote but not his convic- propaganda, national ambition and false teaching, tions. are being used to overthrow faith in the supreme authority of God as revealed in Christ and the Many means are used to turn men from one Bible. There are multitudes of German Chrisfaith and loyalty to another-military force, tians whom these motives do not sway. money, threats, promises, falsehood and ambition. Mahatma Gandhi has tried, with some temporary How long will it take Japan, by the use of success, to force Indian people by his fasting to bombs, machine guns and terrorism to win the accept his program. His most recent self-im- friendship and cooperation of the Chinese? Only posed fast to convert Thakore Sahib of Rajkot, unworthy men succumb to unworthy motives. apparently gained his point; he now says that it resulted in his defeat. Gandhi's opponents were Intelligent Christians realize that men and not convinced and their purpose was not changed, women cannot be truly won to Christ by bribery, therefore they plan to destroy the effect of the fear or force. One might as well attempt to cause a child to be loving and obedient by continued decision in Gandhi's favor. spankings, by threats or by gifts of candy. Men The transmutation of metals, or the conversion are led to consider the claims and character of of one substance into another of apparently en- Christ by the offer of economic advantages such tirely different elements, was formerly considered as provided by the Grenfell Mission, by medical an idle dream. Today such marvellous changes service like that of Dr. Schweitzer's hospital in are conceded! to be in the realm of science. The Africa, or by such secular education as is offered changes wrought in human nature by the power of in many mission schools and colleges. These God are still more wonderful. This has been methods of work may affect their attitude but proved in countless instances, as in the conversion affect no real change of heart. Jesus Christ, when of Jerry McAuley, the "River Thief" of New York, on earth, won men by the revelation of His heart and of Africaner, the "Hottentot Terror" of of love, by the truth that He taught, and by the South Africa. light of Life that shone out through Him. His The transmutation of metals has not been ac- denunciations of selfishness and sin were for hypocomplished by a wizard's alchemy but by the crits; His invitations to come to Him were for knowledge of natural forces and by scientific proc- the hungry and thirsty; His service and sacrifice esses. The transformation of human beings from were for the needy and dying; His- revelation of the natural and beastly to the spiritual and God- God was for those who we:te ready to receive and like is a fact established to the satisfaction of all follow Him. who have seen such changes. This change cannot There is abundant testimony that today, on the be affected by force or by bribery. The Mohammedans have used force and fear to convert whole mission fields at home and abroad, the most efnations to Islam but their end has been achieved fective work in winning men to Christ is not by means of the denunciation of other religions, or [ 339 ]

by the preaching of "hell-fire"; or by the free The result was that Christianity seemed a "fordistribution of "loaves and fishes." Men and eign cult," not well adapted to the peoples to women of all ages and races are won through lov- whom the missionaries came with the universal ing service, by the proclamation of the Good News message of Christ. of forgiveness and life through Christ, and through the manifestation of sacrificial and under- At the recent Madras Conference, Miss Minnie standing love. Other and unworthy methods may Soga, a Bantu woman from South Africa, declared temporarily add to the number of adherents but that to her people Christianity, with its foreign do not change hearts or make loyal followers. clothes, European churches and ceremonies, for- The transmutation of material substances is eign words and unfamiliar songs, was distinctly wrought by understanding and applying the laws a "white man's" religion. Many thought that if of nature, which are the laws of God. "To as they adopted the white man's clothes and manmany as received him (Christ) gave He the ner of life they would no longer be "heathen." But right to be called (recognized as) the children of Africans did not feel at home in European sur- God-who were born, not of blood, nor of the roundings. When they worshiped in a church with will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of a native thatched roof, an unhewn stone for an God." altar or pulpit, and sitting on the ground; or when they worshipped under the trees with the ESSENTIALS IN MISSION WORK vaulted sky for a roof, then they felt at home.

A young doctor, who had recently been gradu- Christians from other lands pointed out the ated from a modern school of medicine and sur- same need for using native ideas and surroundings gery, was sent as a medical missionary to China to make the peoples of each land and race feel at and became a member of the staff of a large and home in their Christian life and worship. efficient hospital. One of the first things he did was to direct one of the Chinese orderlies to throw Many young missionaries today, going out to out a lot of tin pans and other ancient equipment foreign lands with all the enthusiasm of youth and so that they might be replaced by enamel ware with the equipment of the most modern education, and modern implements. Some of the older mem- are demanding better facilities and more money bers of the staff retrieved the discarded utensils. in order that they may give to the "under privi- leged" of those lands, "the best that America and In contrast to this young doctor's attitude are Europe have to offer"-medically, economically, the reports. of Dr. Gordon S. Seagrave of Burma socially, educationally and religiously. From some in his "Tales of a Waste Basket Surgeon." He quarters there is a constant call for more modern has achieved wonderful results ·by using instru- buildings, better equipment, more automobiles, ments and equipment discarded as out-of-date by fast motor boats, radios, airplanes, together with doctors in America. more highly technically trained teachers and spe- cialists. An article recently appeared in Asia, written by an American college man who went to India to On the other hand missionary history shows that investigate the effectiveness of American and some workers have made the mistake of attempt- British educational methods and ideals as applied ing to adopt native dress, food, and living condito the Hindus. From intelligent Indian graduates tions to which they were not born or adapted. of some of the modern institutions he learned that Some valuable and consecrated men and women many of the best trained Indians consider "West- have died prematurely, or have been invalided ern" ideals and methods to be unadapted to In- home, because of such mistakes. Others have redia's needs. ' Foreign colleges are too highly or- fused to use modern methods, inventions and ganized and regimented. They turn out largely equipment which might have added greatly to "white collar" clerks who find few openings for their efficiency. service in Indian society. The educated Indian critics believe that if the "ashram" method had What are the essentials, as distinguished from been followed, with capable teachers who would non-essentials, for effective Christian life and train students in practical ways for Indian life, service? Jesus Christ came to earth as a "foreign the results would have been far better. missionary." He adopted the Palestinian mode of dress and manner 'of life-so far as these were Other critics of Christian missions in Asia, wholesome; but Jesus was born into that life; He Africa and the Pacific Islands, point out many never refused to use the best that Judea and Galmistakes made by early missionaries who intro- ilee offered to make His ministry more efficient. duced European and American dress to replace native costumes-or the lack of them; setting Is it not clear that non-essentials in Christian foreign styles for church buildings, houses and an life and service include special kinds of clothalien manner of life copied from their home lands. ing, (little or much) ; particular architecture for houses or churches; a special language or music; a type of equipment, peculiar ceremonials in wor-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ship; a particular form of organization and spe- on their knees to confess sin and pray for forcial educational methods-these are clearly non- giveness. Dr. Sung's meetings were crowded and essentials. God can use any of these that are many came forward to accept Christ. The "Witimpregnated with His spirit and are wholly sur- ness Bands" with two hundred men, women and rendered to His control. Personnel is vastly more youth, were busy speaking of Christ to outstations important than equipment. An efficient doctor or and neighbors. There is great rejoicing over the surgeon is one who knows his science and can spiritual fruitage of this work and over churches use his equipment efficiently; a successful teacher that have been awakened and strengthened. Biis one who knows his subject and how to present ble reading and prayer have increased as well as it effectively; a successful ambassador of Christ personal witnessing of Christ and His power. is one who knows and loves God as He is revealed lives have been set right; quarrels have been setin Christ and the Bible and who lives a Christ-life tled, debts have been paid, pastors have been set among men. on fire with new zeal for winning people to Christ. In one church some members of the congregation Es-sentials for the missionary, or for any Chris- stood up and said to the pastor : "You are not the tian life and service are therefore: first, life in man you were before the evangelist came-you Christ-a life that comes from God, is God-filled preach better sermons than formerly." The pasand God-directed. The second essential is the tor himself admits the great change. Whereas he purpose and power to lift up Christ as the Saviour, used to consult with the missionary concerning who lived and died for sinful men; who rose again, those cold and indifferent, now he weeps over them and is ever living in and with His people in every and prays for them. Sunday afternoon after he land. The third essential is ability to teach the has taught a Bible class, preached a children's Bible as the revealed Word of God; the Spirit of sermon to the Junior Church and a mess·age to the God can be trusted to interpret and adapt the adult members, he takes any who care to go with ideals and truth of God to meet the needs of each him to hold a street meeting. In the evening he race and clime and condition. It has often been takes his part in the special meeting of the "Witfound that the earnest native Christians of a com- ness Bands." munity are much more reliable guides in applying Christian truth to local problems than are the This new spirit in the Chinese Church was foreign missionaries-even those of holy charac- further strengthened during March, through the ter and long experience. visit of Wilson Wong, of the Christian and Mis- sionary Alliance, when the Christians feasted upon Do we not often make the mistake of clinging the Word of God, and at the evening meetings to old ideas and prejudices when new methods brought unsaved friends to hear the message. might be better or of thinking that modern untried More than forty took their stand for Christ durideas and equipment must necessarily replace the ing those evening sessions. old? The first essential is always life-spiritual life; the second is proper food-soul food found in God used both men and both methods to save God's revealed truth; the third essential for souls and inspire soul-winning service in the strength is exercise-loving spiritual service, using whatever equipment we have that will help hearts of the Chinese Christians.* produce abiding spiritual results. It would be well for every Christian to check up in order to Rev. Sook Pongsanoi, a Siamese pastor in discover how many lessons we have learned Trang, Siam, writes of his interesting experience through a period of years, that have helped to that changed him from a Bible-selling colporteur make us and our children more Christlike and more effective servants of God. into a soul-winning evangelist. He says: t NEW LIFE IN THE CHURCH IN SIAM "As a student in the Bangkok Christian Col- lege and later, when acting pastor of the Second As a result of God's blessing on the work of Church of Bangkok, I sold and distributed many John Sung, the Chinese evangelist, in Siam last Scripture portions and Testaments without makautumn, a new spirit has been manifested in the ing reports to the Bible Society. I went into many Chinese Church in Siam. The work was formerly homes and walked in and out of many lanes with carried on in three dialects and three denomina- the Scriptures, but did not feel any real need of tions; now unity and cooperation have taken the reporting on sales. place of division. There is also a new zeal in evangelism and new signs of Christian faith and life. "When I went to work for the Bible Society as People are saved; lives are quickened; the spirit a regular colporteur I had to report every month and power of Christ are manifest in hearts, homes and wanted to give a wonderful report to the head and churches. Entire congregations have fallen office.

"But I was nQt satisfied with the work I was do- ing, and was not happy in it. I sold more than • Facts quoted from Rev. A. G. Seigle of Slam.

t Reprint from the Forty-Eighth Annual Report of the Siam and Laos Agency of the American Bible Society.

any other colporteur in Bangkok, but I felt that ent situation assure us that religion-and particumy work was shallow. I was just selling the larly evangelical Christianity-is not dead in Rus- Book without giving purchasers any message con- sia. The expression of it may have changed and cerning the Saviour of the book. I knew that I been driven to cover, but the hunger of the huought to do something more than simply sell God's man heart for God has not been satisfied and the Book, but I went on day in and day out like a vital spark of men and women who have received machine. life from Christ has not been quenched.

"A year and a half ago I was called to become A Soviet Government census has recently shown pastor of the Trang Church, South Siam, and I (according to The Sentinel) that two-thirds of the accepted the call, but with the agreement that I 80,000,000 Russian people living in villages and should continue part time work as a colporteur. one-third of the 40,000,000 people living in larger My work had very little power, but there was a towns are stilI definitely believers in God, in spite growing desire for a clearer understanding of the of the twenty years of pressure and persecution Holy Word for myself so that I could pass it on to to suppress all' religious faith. others. The Soviet authorities have been disturbed by "When I heard that John Sung, a noted Chinese the revelations of the census and have sought to evangelist, was coming to Bangkok I determined suppress the facts. A German writer states that to go and hear him. Thank God, God opened my there are today 30,000 organized Christian groups eyes to see His wonderful love in a new way. A in the Soviet Republics, in addition to many secret powerful meaning of the Cross has come to me societies. Faith in God and a desire for some and I came to have a new attitude toward Bible relation to Him-even in the form of unenlightstudy. ened religion-will not die.

"I invited Dr. Sung to come to Trang and Many factors that have been supposed to support through him God has poured out a mighty bless- religious institutions-capitalism, private proping upon the people of this city. The Trang erty, wealth, and an independent clergy-have Church is now on fire for God and has been packed lost influence, but the roots of religion still rewith people every Sunday since Dr. Sung went main. The younger generation, declares the away. Every church member brings his Testa- Deutsche Landshau, that does not remember the ment to every service and we read the Scriptures regime of the Czars, is less prej udiced against together. Every Sunday I read a chapter from the religion. Many Russian congregations are said to Old Testament, and then the congregation reads a be made up largely of people under thirty years chapter of the New Testament with me. (I wish of age. Ministers are ordained secretly, have no all the people could have a complete Bible, but it definite parishes, and travel about unrecognized will be a long time before that can come true.) by the enemies of religion, but known to Believers. We are feeding on the Word of God as never be- Many of the clergy are artisans or small trades fore. and last Sunday sixteen women and five men people, and gather groups of Believers in unfrewere baptized and twenty baptized children pro- quented woods and ravines. Piety is nourished fessed their faith in Jesus Christ and all united in the hearts of the people who are encouraged to with the church; two back-sliders also came and memorize Scripture, songs and prayers. It takes confessed their sins. One of the old missionaries courage to join such groups, as was true in the said }i.e had never seen anything like that ingath- early days of Christianity, but persecution enering before. dured helps to strengthen rather than to weaken faith in God. The truth of Christ's promise is "Now I have an entirely new attitude toward proved today, as to the Church founded by Him Scripture distribution. At first I did not think and characterized by living faith in Him: "The it necessary to make any report to the American gates of hell shall not prevail against it." Bible Society; then I came to look on the report as the major part of my work; no'W I am seeking PROVERBS OF THE HILL FOLK OF INDIA to win souls through the careful and prayerful distribution of thi.<; Holy Book. I am not now A small stick hides the mountain from the eye. most interested in the ntlmber of Scriptures sold, One says, "What shall I eat?" Another says, but in the number of men and women and boys "What sauce shall I eat with my food?" and girls brought to accept Christ." Sparrows are the headmen of deserted villages. A potful of rice is judged by one grain. CHRISTIANITY NOT DEAD IN RUSSIA Men say that time passes. Time says that men pass. In spite of the continued atheistic propaganda A good man finds the world good. in Soviet Russia, as promoted by communistic officials, by means of ridicule, education, persecu- -The Indian Witness. tion and materialism, those familiar with the pres-

"MOKSA" PUTTING ON HIS SHOES, PREPARING TO LEAVE THE HOME OF A KOREAN PRESBYTERIAN

The "Moksa" Goes to the Country Adventures on a Week-end Journey in Chosen By SHANNON McCUNE, Clark University, Wor- * cester, Massachusetts He OME out to the country with me for the thankful ever since, for it gave me a chance to see week-end." It was my father-in-law, Dr. the country work of a missionary in Korea at William N. Blair of Pyengyang, who was first hand. It was not any special trip but the ordi- speaking. I had just returned from a two weeks nary, regular week-end trip of a foreign Moksa, reconnaisance trip through northern Korea and or itinerating missionary. confess that the prospect of starting out right away, even for a short trip, was not very inviting. Mother made ready the bedding for us; Edith, But after some hesitancy, I agreed, and have been my wife, finished the batch of fudge so that we could take some along. I loaded my camera, while • Sha nnon McCune, the son of Dr. and Mrs. George S. McCune, Father Blair put gasoline in the car and checked was born in Korea. He Is a graduate of Wooster CoIlege, Ohio the oil. The car needed careful going over for it (1935) , Syracuse University (1937) and did graduate work at Clark has been in constant service since it was bought on University (1937-38) where he is Willia m Libby Fellow in the furlough five years before. School of Geography. His father was formerly president of the Union Christian College, Pyengyang, Cbosen. His father-In-law, Dr. At three o'clock in the afternoon, on a Saturday William N. Blair, of Pyengya ng, has given most of his time to last November, we started off to the north-Ieavevangelistic work, la rgely in the country districts. The photographs used to Illustrate this article were taken by Shannon McCune on the journey described.-EDIToR.

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ing our wives at home in Pyengyang. The road presidency of the Union Christian College and was very familiar to Father Blair for he had been told stories of his evangelistic campaigns. There traveling it for almost four decades on foot, by was some reference to the Shrine question (which pony, in oxcart, and by almost every conveyance is such a serious problem in the Japanese Empire imaginable. We were going to the center of his today), but there was no discussion of it for the Korean leaders appreciate the position taken by the missionary body.

After a night's sleep we woke to a fine fall day with light cumulus clouds in the sky. The usual Korean breakfast of rice and soup are scarcely to the Occidental's liking, so Father pulled ou't his little alcohol lamp and proceeded to prepare a real American breakfast of bacon, eggs and coffee.

During the morning I had an opportunity to look around the elder's home, while Father was at Sunday school. It was typical of the better class Christian home and was heated by the regular Korean system of an ondol, the draft going' under the floor from the kitchen stove to the chimney on the other side of the house. The floors and 'walls were made of mud, well-packed on a corn-stalk frame. The outside walls were white with lime . and the inside walls and the floors were papered.

The roof was of slate, warmer, cleaner and longer- GOING ACROSS THE RIVER ON A FERRY lasting than the usual Korean thatch, though more expensive in initial cost. The elder had utilized beloved Anju district of which he has been the the hills back of his home-not for the usual grave sole missionary M oksa ever since he came to Korea sites-but for an apple orchard and the samples as a young man of twenty-five, fresh from semi- we had for breakfast were delicious. He had pre- nary, thirty-seven years ago.

It was not easy driving, for the roads, built pri- marily for army and other trucks, are continually obstructed by large jagged rocks. With rubber.

like gold in a war economy, our tires were Dr.

Blair's first concern. It was necessary to ferry :,lcross the Tatong River twice on small flat-boats just wide enough for the car. Everyone, from the farmer with the top-knot on his head to the J apa- nese gold prospector, offered advice. But Father has guided the car up over the two narrow planks on to many a ferry and so we crossed without much trouble in the growing dusk. We drove along the river for a number of miles and saw boats going down to Pyengyang piled high with firewood or earthen jars.

After a four-hour drive we came into Kae Chy- on where we were welcomed by the pastor of the local church and were taken to a Christian elder's home to stay. In a few minutes the car was un- loaded and soon we were warming our stocking feet on the warm Korean floor. After a bowl of CROSSING STREAM BY FOOT-BRID GJ<:: . DR. BLAIR (IN u-dong (soup) we talked with the pastor, the FRONT), BEHIND HIM A KOREAN DEACON. elders, and others of the church who dropped in to call. This was a valuable opportunity to renew pared a cellar to store the apples, under a shed old friendships with the Korean leaders. I met a where he kept his firewood and rice. In front of number of people who remembered my own father the house was a little garden for cabbages. These (Dr. George S. McCune) and were sorry to hear had been pulled up and stacked by the well to be of his retirement. They recalled his years in the used in making kimchi, or pickle. Tethered under

THE "MOKSA" GOES TO THE COUNTRY

the apple trees were two goats and across the the Church the platform was arranged to make little garden was the pig pen with a fat sow and room for a large sheet of paper which Father her grunting litter. Chickens were pecking Blair would use for his chalk-talk. The church around in the garden and the yard-doubtless filled rapidly, the women sitting on the floor to the missing their companion which was boiling in the right and the men on the left, so that by the time big kettle in the kitchen. The elder was naturally the service started there was not much room left. quite proud of his establishment, which made him Other similar Presbyterian services were taking remarkably self-sufficient. He told me of the help he had received from his subscription to The THE "MOKSA" AND KOREAN ELDER ENJOY SUNDAY DINNER Farmer's Life, a magazine founded by Father (In former days everyone had his individual table, Men still eat McCune and now edited by Mr. Lutz of Pyengyang. The house and little yard n their cleanliness apart from the women,) and convenient arrangement showed that the elder place all around the world, with only a few difhad received from the missionaries not only spirit- ferences. Here the congregation took a big part ual help but also an incentive to improve his ma- in whole-hearted singing and an elder gave the terial surroundings. Sabbath prayer. Everyone listened attentively to the sermon which the Moksa gave. Two Japa- At about twelve we had dinner, a little better nese detectives sitting in front of me took copious than usual in honor of the M oksa. It was a treat notes. (Korea is far from being a free country, for me to be able to sit on the floor and really make especially for a foreigner.) But the preacher my chopsticks click on the good things that the could have the satisfaction of knowing that his elder's wife had prepared. I had been wary of sermon spread beyond the two hundred people in Korean food in my travels around the country the church auditorium. but the clean kitchen was an evidence that I had no need to be afraid of contracting any disease As soon as the church service was ended Father here. With all my appetite, I couldn't hold a candle, Blair put on his shoes and went to the parked car. or should I say a chopstick, to Father Blair as he The canvas cover was taken off in a hurry and off polished off his bowl of chicken soup and heaping we started for a ten-mile ride to a little town to dish of rice. The side dishes of different kinds of the south-west of Kae-Chyon. Here we left the car, meat, fish, and eggs cut up in small pieces, were again shrouded in its canvas cover, and went on also very good but I reveled in the kimchi, the foot. It was a beautiful hour's walk through the pickle which is an essential part of every Korean Korean countryside on this fine autumn day. We meal. It is full of red pepper which burned the had to cross over streams on little foot bridges inside of my mouth, and had a tang, from having and had fine views of lone pine trees towering been in an earthen jar buried in the yard for over above little villages clustered under the brows of a year. The pepper· brought tears to my eyes, the hills. We fell in with a fellow traveler and not only because of its sharpness but because I soon struck up a conversation. When a nail came thought back on my seven long kimchi-less years through the heel of Father's shoe, they squatted in America. down together to fix it with a rock. This road, too, was very familiar to the Moksa and he enjoyed The bell at the church had been ringing all telling about the days when as a young man he morning at intervals for the different divisions of developed this territory. He pointed out the rocks the Sunday school but it pealed for a longer time for church at one o'clock. The elder, in typical Korean style, commented on the glad note it sounded this day because the Moksa was to preach. Rising from the floor and going out on the veranda where we put on our shoes we went off to church. It was the third successive building erected on this site during the last twenty years. Each one bigger than the last and now the congregation was making plans for a new addition. The building, with its tile roof and red brick walls, trimmed with white shutters and doors, made a pretty picture, especially to the Korean eye.

With my camera I took some shots of the men dressed in their white robes going in one door, women, with babies on their backs, going in the other; some "kids" stayed outside to play. Next door was the manse-a modern Korean home with' a tin roof and very clean in appearance. Inside

on which the pigeons used to roost and the hill- out, (or rather "pried" out), and once again the sides which formerly were thick with pheasant. rooms were packed, this time by the adults of the He sighed for: the days whe.n he had a gun and, village. Outside were others, who were too shy not being bound in by red tape, could bring home to come in, making a group of about eighty. Faa brace of ducks or perhaps a deer. The greatest ther spoke this time on some of the basic beliefs pleasure of the trip for him, however, was to talk of Christianity and what they meant in the way of with our companionaboutthe story of Jesus. Much a changed life. At the end of his talk he asked all of my Korean is forgotten but the simple story who wished to make a definite stand for such a change in their lives to raise their hands. Eight torwas beautiful to hear. It fell on "fertile ground," people raised their hands, some having been pre- the gentleman w~s deeply moved. pared for such a stand by the elder and the dea- "At about four o'clock we came into the little vil- con. They only needed the incentive of the Mokla.ge of Kul Chang Kori, or Rock Village Market- sa's coming to ~ake their stand definitely. Our pla.ce. The church had been started many years fellow traveler of the road came up at the close of ago' but had had its ups and downs. Father Blair the service and said that he wanted to change his had not been able to get into this isolated valley for life also, but wished to study more before he came over four years, so that his arrival was a real event to a decision. for the church and also for the village. The little church, situated on the edge of the village, had Shortly after the service we left the town to been repapered arid looked fresh 'and clean. Fa- walk back to the car. A number of the church ther walked around the village of a hundred people, in accordance with Korean custom, walked homes, talked with 11. group of threshers working to the top of the first pass with us. A full moon on the village threshing fioor, and invited them to had come up and the sight of the village, nestled come to the meeting,At night. He also called on on the 'edge of the hill with wisps of smoke spiralsome of the non-believers and interviewed some ling up from the evening fires, is a treasured young men who were interested. At :(lve we went memory. We said our goodbyes and walked tQ",the local elder's home, a typical two-roomed through the beautiful landscape in the crisp au- &untry house with the newly-threshed rice tumn air. We could not but think back on the stacked in bags under the eaves of the thatched eight who had decided definitely to seek a change roof. The cow was in the adjoining shed. Rude in their lives. We wondered if they would be able and poor as it was there was a spirit of welcome to stand fast amid the every day life of the village arid warmth that must have impressed the neigh- and in the strenuous times through which their bors among whom the elder and his wife lived. country was passing. Father commented on how There was no pastor in this village but the faith- typical was the reaction of our fellow traveler who, though sincerely moved, yet was so bound ful elder with a young deacon had kept the lit- by tradition and custom that he could not bring himself to a complete change of faith and life so tle church alive. quickly. There we had supper of chicken and rice and Soon we were back in the car driving to Kae kimchi, all specially prepared for the visitors. Chyon to spend the night in the elder's home. We Again, it was interesting to be introduced as a were up early in the morning in order to be back son of my father, Dr. McCune. It warmed my for an afternoon meeting in Pyengyang. We took heart to hear the old village headman, a non- a different route home and passed through another Christian, say, "The name of Yun Moksa is on section of Father's field with a church in every large town and groups in many of the villages. the hearts of all Koreans." He pointed out the church he had gone to the Sun- At six o'clock the little bell was rung for the day before and the church that he and Mother were to visit the next week. I was impressed by the children's service. The little church, with one fact that this trip we had taken, though extraor- room' about 12 feet by 2'4 and another room in the dinary to me, probably seemed just the usual rear reserved for the women about 8 by 12 feet, thing for him or for any of the evangelistic mis- Was soon jammed with children of all sizes and sionaries scattered throughout Korea. Even Fa- descriptions. There were about sixty, and all ther was sorry to have to rush back to Pyengyang clamoring to be up in the front. The young deacon so quickly but his city responsibilities called him. 'soon had them splitting their throats, singing He wished for time to visit others of his fifty or "Jesus ,Loves Me," while Father tacked some more country churches that have been passing drawing'paper on the wall. In a few minutes all through such difficult times and need the strength- were shouting the answers to his question in ap- ening and encouragement which a visit by the proved Korean fashion, as he told and illustrated Moksa would bring to them. the story of the lame man at the Beautiful Gate. Many of the older people had come and the rooms kept' getting more and more crowded. When the children's service was over, they were ushered

a Mission becomes a

By ALEXANDER H. KEMP, M. D., Angola, Africa Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church W HAT is the supreme purpose of Christian 600 church members; today there are over 5000. missions? Is it not to win people to Christ Then we scarcely dreamed of a self-supporting and to gather these disciples into churches native church; today we have 20 outstations which that will become self-supporting, self-extending, receive no subsidy from the mission. The mediand self-governing through the leadership and cal and educational work at Quessua now receive power of the Holy Spirit? In Angola, West Afri- a large amount of financial support from African ca, after fifty years of mission work many circum- sources. stances show that we should take a big step forward towards achieving the second part of our In the early days there was great rejoicing purpose. It is one thing to found a mission; it is when some of the first converts were deemed quite another thing to establish Christianity in a ready to be sent forth as evangelists and village foreign soil so that the Church will grow and de- pastors, and the missionaries were glad to provide velop and bear fruit. these men with houses and salaries from mission funds. The fact that a chief would allow Chris- The past half century of missionary work in tian work to be started in his village was consid- Angola has cost the Church at home not far from a ered a victory for the Kingdom of God. Realizing half million dollars. During the first twenty years that these first native workers were poorly prenearly thirty of the missionaries laid down their pared for their tasks, the missionaries directed lives on the field. The visible results are seen in their energies. towards the training of more effec- three mission stations, sixty native-manned sta- tive men. This meant mission schools. Every boy tions, five thousand church members and an equal who could qualify educationally, spiritually and number of adherents, and a hundred African morally, was assured of an appointment and a Christian workers-pastors, teachers or evange- salary from American funds. The supply of suitlists under appointment of the church leaders. able young men has never equaled the demand. One of our stations, Quiongua, which has had The desirability, as well as necessity, of instituting missionaries for fifty years has been closed be- a system of self-support for outstation work led cause of a shortage of workers, and there is only to an effort to have the older outstations assume one missionary couple at Luanda, the capital of responsibility for the support of their own pasthe colony. This couple cares for a school with tors. About 20 outstations are now doing this. 250 pupils, a church with an average Sunday afternoon congregation of 1200, and 20 outstations Today the situation in Angola is markedly difin the district. At Malange, 270 miles inland at ferent. Decreasing income from America has the railhead, there is one missionary doing pas- made it impossible to continue the present force toral work and translating. At Quessua, 8 miles of native workers on a salary basis, and an infrom Malange, is situated a central training insti- creasing number will each year be ready to enter tute with a school of 200 boys, a Bible School of the Lord's work. At the same time there are 15 pupils, besides industrial, agricultural and med- several large areas in which, until now, a Chrisical work, directed by a single woman missionary tian worker would not have been accepted, but and one married couple. One male missionary from which requests are now coming. In the superintends the Malange District with its 40 out- Malange District there is a large force of native stations, and four women missionaries conduct workers to whom customary salaries cannot be a school with 250 girls. paid from mission funds; there are opportunities to open new work in unevangelized areas, and When the writer arrived in Luanda in 1923 the there is a constantly increasing number of new re- Methodist Episcopal Board had three times as cruits available from the Mission Institute. many missionaries in Angola as now, and more than double the present annual work budget was A call was issued for a conference and seventy provided from American funds. Then we had a African workers were present. After reviewing score of native workers; today we have a hundred the work of the mission during its first half-cenmuch better trained workers. Then we had some tury, I took the men into complete confidence and laid before them a summary of the receipts, dis- [347 ]

bursements and balances of the district funds for Two vital attainments to be achieved in transeach of the past five years. Summing up the sal- forming a mission into a native church lie in aries of several classes of workers I showed that workers' willingness to receive their remuneration it would take 4,000 angolares ($80.00) per month from the people rather than from the mission. to pay all of them, whereas we had on hand enough The village churches must also be ready to proto pay 25% of this from American funds. The vide their workers with remuneration commensuother 75% would have to come from local church- rate with the service rendered. es, from other remunerative labor, or from their gardens. Each quarter less money would come One fundamental question which must be defrom America for them, so that the time seemed cided concern the form which the ministry is to to have come when the native church must as- take. Is it to be a strictly professional ministry sume a much greater share of the responsibility in which the pastor spends all of his time in Chrisfor the support of its own ministry. tian work and receives his entire support from his people, or is it to be a ministry in which the Is Foreign Money Inexhaustible? pastor, trained at the mission, earns all of his sustenance from his gardens or from a trade, For many years our native workers seem to donating his ministerial labors to the village? have had the impression that there was an inex- Shall the ministry be supported in part by the peohaustible supply of American money in the mis- ple and in part from the pastors' own labors? The sion, and that the share each received depended latter seems to be the only feasible plan for the upon the plea he put up to secure it. To help present, at least, and will probably be the final them realize that every angolare I paid out for solution. An understanding of native customs such general expenses as the conference in which is necessary in determining the question. we were sitting, must be deducted from the amount available for salaries, I deducted the The African Ministry travel expenses of men, the cost of rations during the conference, the cost of sending a boy 150 miles In many instances native pastors spend little into the interior to advise the men of the confer- more time in their routine church work than their ence, and other expenses. Thus many of them for people spend listening to them. The African is a the first time came to the realization that there natural orator, such as no other race claims to be, actually was a limit to mission funds. I endeavored so that he requires less preparation for public to make them see that I was doing my utmost to discourses than one would estimate. Even the best secure for them an adequate subsistence, but I of our African preachers have very few books, or told them that in my judgment there would have other literature; a Bible, hymnal and Sunday to be developed a local rather than foreign source school quarterly being the extent of many a pasfor this subsistence. The word "salary" was re- tor's library. They do little pastoral work, such as placed by the word "assistance." From now on is done in America, but they spend many a day they must consider themselves as supported by listening to disputes, settling differences, and givtheir respective churches rather than by the mis- ing judgment on questions., being in reality an sion, and that if they proved themselves faithful unofficial justice of the peace. A teacher must and loving servants, they would be sufficiently sup- spend about three hours daily in the classroom plied with this world's goods to enable them to and practically every native worker should spend continue to break the Bread of Life to their peo- half of his time in his gardens, as do most of ple. his parishioners. As in all African families, the wife spends from sunrise until one o'clock in her Late in the afternoon, after having been given garden. Even when the man of the home is upon their "assistance," the workers left to return to a salary basis, cash never goes for common foods, their stations, determined to preach the Gospel but is used for taxes, clothes, and trinkets. Even to the utmost of their ability, regardless of the re- a new house costs nothing for floors, walls or roofmuneration they might receive from the mission. ing, all being obtained locally free of cost, the win- dows and doors, table and bed and chairs being We have now agreed that all villages near Mal- the only things requiring a monetary outlay. Land ange that request a worker must provide a house, is free, and if the worker has been taught a trade church, gardens, and some cash salary before the at the mission, he can usually earn some money by worker is sent. For villages among unevangelized simple carpentry, sandals, tailoring, and making peoples, it will be necessary for the mission to forged articles. provide for a small salary for the worker for the first two years, or until the worker's garden be- To get a native worker to accept his remuneragins to produce. This plan must be carefully safe- tion from his church instead of from the mission guarded, however, both the worker and his peo- presents many difficulties-and many opportuniple being made to realize that financial assistance ties. Every boy who passes the government exfrom the mission is very temporary. amination expects a "white-collar job," just as

WHEN A MISSION BECOMES A CHURCH

his wife who had been trained in the girls' school rial returns alone, the finest investment any village here expects to be excused from field work. Un- here could possibly make lies in providing for the til now these expectations have been largely real- Christian message in their midst. Africans are ized, made possible by the salaries paid by the mis- poor in this worlds goods, far too poor in fact to sion. Incidently, one-half of the problem of a continue their present expensive beliefs and reself-supporting church is the wife of the worker. ligious customs. Heathen in their hunger bow It is not reasonable to expect villages to support down to wood and stone-seeking an explanation their Christian leader as liberally as he has been for their experience, a search which every human supported by the mission. A native worker must heart has made in vain, until Christ has been partake liberally of the humility of our Master to found. When He has been found and His freedom make him willing to accept support from his local entered into, then our people will be able to secure church organization, and be responsible to that material as well as s.piritual rewards. church for the faithfulness and lovableness of his ministrations. The present situation makes it imperative that we take a big step forward toward establishing a What Can the People Pay? self-supporting Christian church here. Workers present at our recent conference accepted their On the other side, the village churches, after reduced income from the mission in a spirit that having considered for many years that they were warmed our hearts, especially when we saw how doing the mission a favor in allowing a Christian determined they were to continue preaching the worker in their midst, must be trained to make a Gospel for the salvation of their own people. One fair remuneration for the ministrations they re- worker, who had been unable to attend the con· ceive; and they must be convinced that the min- ference, later wrote that he would continue his ministry even though he never received any reistrations are worth the cost. In old days a man muneration from either the mission or from his own people. Our instructors at Quessua, both would pay an ox to be taught to sign his name, or those in the classrooms and those in the shops, several oxen to have his son taught to read and showed an excellent spirit in accepting lower pay. write. The mission has been giving an incompa- Rather apprehensive of my cobbler's attitude, I rably better education to the boys in our schools, called him into my office to appeal to him to coneven providing the boys with food, clothing, secrate himself as the others had done. When I shelter and school supplies. It has been not too asked his attitude towards the new wage-scale, he difficult to bring our people to the place where drew himself erect and answered, in typical Afrithey pay more liberally for medical treatments, can style: "Have you not given me five boys who and for the educational opportunities provided for passed the government examinations last January, their sons and daughters, than we would have be- for me to train in my art of cobbling? Will not lieved to be possible a few years ago. It is now these boys go out to preach the Gospel in places our task to bring villages to where they will re- where I cannot go, to preach it as I cannot since munerate their Christian workers adequately for I am an uneducated man? Has not God called me the benefits received. About twenty villages. have to help them to the best of my ability to be able been brought to this stage, though the present sit- to earn their sustenance as they preach the Gosuation leaves much to be desired. pel, when the mission cannot pay them? I want to continue teaching these boys, even if I receive An old missionary once told me that we should less pay." With a spirit of consecration and devonever expect our people out of their poverty to tion like this among our workers, we take courage support Christian workers. If this were so, our and press on, feeling confident that God will outlook would be hopeless for progress would be abundantly bless our labors. held down in direct ratio to the amount of American money expended. An Evidence of Success In this way we could never hope to attain the In transforming our mission into a native supreme purpose of mission work. But I have no Christian church, we will be called upon to solve doubt about the ability of the people to support many perplexing problems, to straighten out their Christian ministry, even though the cost be many difficult situations, to exercise many years without material return to them. When converts of patience, tact, foresight, and love. We realize become true disciples of our Lord, and come into that there may be at stake the results of fifty years that freedom which is found alone in Him, they of missionary labor which has cost so much in no longer are bound by their prohibitive taboos lives and money. If we fail, then we shall know and superstitions, and no longer pay so dearly for that the expenditure of a half million dollars and their useless fetishes and amulets; they will no the sacrifice of thirty lives has not yet succeeded longer submit to such death-dealing practices as in establishing here a Christian church that can the sas,s-wood test administered by their witchdoctors. Considered from the standpoint of mate-

be trusted to perpetuate the Christian message tude, so that we may train our converts gladly to through its own efforts in the power of the Holy support the bearers of the Christian message. We Spirit. During the future months we may be can no longer "call" workers from among the called upon to undergo many disappointments in school boys, providing them with work which will seeing our workers and stations and followers enable them to live in relative luxury and ease. diminish in numbers, when they realize that funds We shall have to revive the Master's appeal for from America will no longer be sufficient to main- our boys to take up the cross and follow Him, be tain them as heretofore. But we are confident of the -sacrifices what they may. From many angles, ultimate success in founding a Christian Church it appears to us that the present situation has been which shall endure. How could we be otherwise brought about through the wisdom and love of when we are under a divine leadership, when our God; we feel that the present step we are now native workers, upon whom in final analysis rests compelled to take will be wonderfully blessed by so much of the responsibility for success, are so Him, and will result in great increases in the determined and consecrated and confident that the number of true disciples, and in the appearance work must go on? of a rapidly emerging native Christian Church, which shall be self-supporting, self-propagating Our planning for the future of the work and self-governing. throughout the land must take on a different atti- The Perpetual Value of Foreign Missions By the REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, Meshed, Iran I T IS inspiring to spend a morning roaming third man, Dr. Newton Donaldson, was prevented about Westminster Abbey, London, pausing from going to Persia as he had planned, but he before the tombs of famous men, but there i,s and his wife were always enthusiastic in their something still more intimately uplifting for some missionary interest in the pastorate at home. As of us about going into the prayer-meeting rooms their son I have the privilege of working in Persia. of churches where successive generations have His sister, Elma Donaldson, went to India, where worshipped, and to see the pictures of godly pas- she served at Dehra Dunn with devotion until she tors who have spent their lives proclaiming the was seventy years of age. A daughter, Mary Don- Gospel. aldson, went to China in 192'4.

The late Dr. George Alexander, of New York, Thus a real interest in foreign missions will ingave forty-six years of deeply spiritual service on spire succes,sive generations to take part in the the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian permanent business of promoting the cause of Church. Seven of his classmates at Princeton Christ in all lands. Seminary went to the foreign field, and all died in service. Life is no more static in foreign countries than it is at home. It might be asked facetiously, "Why Over fifty years ago, as a young man returning should the land of the Pilgrim fathers, the land of from India on his first furlough, Dr. J. J. Lucas the Scotch Covenanters, the land of the Quakers, had talks with three students in Western Theo- still require the expenditure of millions of dollars logical Seminary in Pittsburgh. He won their annually in national missions?" Others might inrespect and confidence and was able to help them quire, "Why should the country with the greatest reach a decision in their most important life prob- system of public schools and State universities in lem. At that time all three of these men decided the world need money from a Church Board of to become foreign missionaries. One of them, Education ?" The answer to both of these ques- Dr. A. C. Good, went to West Africa, where he tions lies in the present-day problems in the died after twelve years of vigorous missionary United States. If anyone suggests that economy adventure, and where he has been followed by his in church expenditures could be effected by reson, Dr. Albert I. Good, of Elat. The second man, garding the foreign missionary enterprise as a Dr. John Eaken, went to Siam and carried heavy temporary phase of Christian activity, we should responsibility, with sustained evangelistic zeal, realize that the momentous changes that have for more than forty years. His sons, Paul and taken place in foreign lands make an insistent and John Eaken, and his daughter, Ruth Eaken, are imperative demand upon Christian people. giving life service to the Gospel in Siam. The Where illiteracy and superstition and idolatry

THE. NEED FOR. A LIVING FAITH

have given way before the enlightenment of claimed and the reality of the divine Spirit must Christian education, with its churches, schools and be shown in human lives. hospitals, there are new assets for righteousness in the world. Some of the second and third gen- The spirit of nationalism must yield to the eration Christians fill chairs in colleges or work spirit of Christ. As national churches arise, it is as pastors or editors or evangelists. Missionaries the fact that they are Christian and not merely may no longer be needed to fill these P.ositions national that enables them to be admitted at once abroad but the work of the Gospel must still be to the great international Church of Christ. The carried on by other methods in other places. saying, "Let every nation determine its own re- ligion," is utterly inconsistent with the whole Modern civilization has displaced much ancient tenor of the Gospel. Christians are soOns of n.o error and superstition, but there has c.ome ma- national god, and they have been redeemed by terialism and a more obstinate heathenism of in- no national saviour. The w.orld-wide clash bedifference to spiritual things. Educated Chinese tween capitalism and communism knows no naand Japanese, and Hindus and Moslems, are find- tional boundaries. The auth.ority of Jesus Christ ing that for them the alternative is not between must be recognized as universal. The Christian one religion and another but between Christ and Gospel is of permanent and universal value, and atheism. In Iran Islam is losing its hold on edu- at this time when thoughtful students throughout cated men. Nevertheless the fad remains that the world realize that crass materialism has made Christianity is only beginning to be understood. its sensational denials in vain, the message is espe- Great walls of prejudice and misapprehension cially pertinent. Ambassad.ors of Christ preach have fallen down and there are eyes to see and not a mission of temporary philanthropy, but the ears to hear as there have never been before. universal offer of salvation through Christ and For this very reason the Gospel must still be pro- the everlasting Kingdom of God.

The Need for a Living Faith* By REV. J. W. BURTON, Sydney, Australia Secretary of the Australian Methodist Missionary Society O PTIMISM, we are told, is a great asset for with many luxuries-and many horrors. It has missi.ons. If you want people to contribute given us aeroplanes-and baby-killing bombers; to missions, serve up the bright side .of it has created marvels in chemistry-and pois.on things, tell them .of the "glorious Gospel tri- gas; it has built for us swift motor cars-and umphs," and put the soft pedal on failures and military tanks; it has given us wireless-and nadisappointments. If the income drops, do not tionalistic propaganda; it has lengthened the span advertise that; but if the truth leaks out, then .of human life-and taught us h.oW to cut off the explain the shrinkage as, plausibly as possible. stream of life, so that by birth-control a race may The wand, however, is obviously losing some of be more quickly exterminated than by disease. its magic, and thoughtful people are incon- Let the optimist sound his ram's horn and see if veniently asking for naked facts. these walls will fall down.

Our Lord was not the facile optimist some What chance has spiritual religion in this W.orld would like to paint Him. He s,aw the true condi- of nationalism, materialism, and militarism? tion .of the world in His day. He came .of the line What has the Church, representing Christ, to say of prophets who did not speak comfortable things. The story .of the sower suggests that of the four to economic manslaughter and race suicide? Ruskinds of soil, only one yielded satisfactory results; sia has thrown out the Church, asserting that it the illustration of the tares indicates tpat we must prevents social progress; Germany has banned it not expect a hundred per cent harvest; while the because it demands a loyalty other than to the descripti.on of the net full .of fish shows that there State; Mexico and Spain have challenged it beis wastage. That aspect of our Lord's teaching cause it keeps down the people; many other counhas not had due consideration. tries have done even worse-they have ignored it. According to the totalitarian conception the State We once th.ought that science would lay down a and its interests must be supreme. "Battle pracstraight road for the millennium; but we have tice" is considered more important than the quiet been tragically disillusioned. It has provided us w.orship of God; to learn artistically to thrust a bay.onet in human flesh is of more value to the • Condensed from The Missionary Review, Australia.

State than is· education or slum clearance; the others with the life and death of our Lord. It is profits of a lottery are worth more to the State's by a new spirit of unselfishness. and by a real ap- coffers than the honesty of its citizens; and party plication of the Cross- (not as a theological doc- funds and vested interests come before social re- trine, but as a stern spirit) to aU human life- form and human welfare. whether individual, social, national or interna- No wonder gloomy prophets can find a hearing tional-that we can bring back faith.

when they are so glibly announcing the end of the It is faith we need-faith in the eternal God world; the fear of many is that their prophecies who has revealed the quality of His life and the may not be fulfilled. trend of His will in our Lord Jesus Christ. This Does all this mean that faith – the power to has implications. for the whole Church, and spe- apprehend and appreciate the spiritual-is in de- cial implication for missions.

cline? Spiritual values are simply irrelevant in We must make our appeal more and more spir- this world of brute force and organized hatred. itual. There must be an awakening of the The Christian religion is increasingly suspect be- Church's conscience, far too dormant today, in cause it preaches a Gospel of goodwill. Missions regard to our duty to the wider world. Members in some countries have become a danger to state- of Christ's Church have definitely 'pledged them- craft, for they have proclaimed a world brother- selves in loyalty to Him and they must be aroused hood and have protested against national and ra- to its implications. Let us first face the problem cial discriminations. This narrow conception of of the adult member, who seemingly has little the supremacy of the State-whether in times of interest in winning the world for Ghrist. The peace or war-is entirely incompatible with the missionary meeting has almost vanished as an faith that Jesus is her only Lord. Though we effective method of presenting the "claims of mis- shall suffer, and may be persecuted unto death, sions." Many other interests have sprung up in we must be loyal above all else to Christ and His the last hundred years, and no one in any other eternal love and sacrifice. realm trusts to a public meeting to carry a mes- The new paganism affects our Christian work sage. Our methods of appeal need drastic re- at home and lowers the enthusiasm and passion vision. We place too much emphasis upon results for world evangelization. Depleted voluntary giv- in money. The blunt truth is that most of us are ing is only one incidence of spiritual regression. giving beyond our spiritual interest: it is the What are we to do? Play the ostrich and ignore quickening of spirit that is our deepest need.

danger? Repeat piously "God's in His heaven, That assured, the money will come naturally and all's right with the world?" Quote heartening spontaneously-as. it always should.

texts that have no real application to the situa- We may be obliged to start humbly-in little tion? Attempt to bluff people by weak smiles and groups of three or four-meeting together to talk sugary optimism? Or shall we give up the strug- and pray over the Kingdom of God throughout gle and make ourselves believe that we are in the the world, informing our minds by the study of grip of uncontrollable world forces, and with a material dealing with the concrete needs of the stoic fatalism let the heavens, fall when they will? world, and encouraging one another in this world Or shall we pursue a crackle-of-thorns-under- fellowship. There is no need to wait for some the-pot policy, and attempt to attract people by organization to start such a group. You can call entertainment; devise tempting schemes and a few of your friends together in your own home catchy slogans to lure people to the support of for prayer and missionary study. One of the the missionary cause? dangers O'f our religious enterprises is this super- In our hearts we know that all these things are structure of organization. It takes so much of futile. We must go deep. the coal we carry to stoke the engines. The min- We must realize that the whole trouble is spir- ister is often a busy man with a hundred and one itual. It is the human spirit to which we must thi'llgs to attend to, it is scarcely fair to make him address ourselves, for we are perfectly sure of responsible for forming and carrying on a group, the Spirit of God. His Will is that the world though it would be well to consult him before should be saved, but it is man's self-will that pre- starting one. Groups can start with the infor- vents world salvation. It is a birth from above mation contained in the Missionary Review. There that is needed – a regeneration of the human are also many books dealing with world missions.

spirit. We shall not win by compromising with We have surely enough missionary-minded people the world, by adorning our appeal with confec- in our churches to commence a little group in tionery; we shall win only as we succeed in chal- every church. Live cells live by division, and lenging our own selfishness and the selfishness. of more life comes into being.

Youth of the Church

By H. S. RANDOLPH Secretary of the Unit of Rural Church Work, Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

I N THE early history of the American nation assurance to owning and cultivating land as did our rural youth knew no frontier limits. There his forebears. Consequently farm life has lost was land-good land, new land—everywhere, much of its charm for youth. Poor land holds out two billion acres of it ; nearly a billion acres were little challenge, and there is not much greater covered with virgin forest and challenge to a young man to over a half-billion acres with spend his life toiling even on luxurious grass. The nation pos- good land that he cannot afford sessed resources that seemed to to own.

be inexhaustible. This situation Today a rural youth sees that gave birth to 'It youth fired with what his father had been able to profound spiritual qualities of earn in a year is wholly insuffi- confidence, hope, ambition, aspir- cient to pay the taxes and the ation, determination, pride and interest and principal payments self-respect, qualities w h i c h o n the farm mortgage. He has closely paralleled the ideals for seen the farm sold on the block personal attainment in the to a foreigner while his father Christian Church. Therefore ru- has become a tenant, and may ral youth found an opportunity even lose his place as a tenant.

to express its finer qualities Such experiences have forced through the church. In fact the many rural youth to give up church was the only institution their dreams of owning a farm, in which the entire community or of owning anything else; could adequately express the so- dreams of school and college cial, educational, spiritual and have vanished; books and travel other important aspects of its are too expensive to consider; life. the old family car and the house- Today, after more than 300 told furnishings are rapidly years of American history, there wearing out, and cannot be re- is no frontier in the nation placed for there is no money which promi£es inexhaustible available.

wealth. Those old frontiers have This decline in rural resources been exploited, and ours is no and wealth, and the breaking of longer spoken of as "the richest rural morale, have been sorely and most favored continent on felt by the rural church. Lack the face of the earth." In less of clothing suitable for Sunday than 300 years the frontier has has kept many a rural lad and disappeared and rural youth lassie away from Sunday school now races a national problem and church. Perhaps the old presented by a shortage of eco- car won't run, and it is too far nomically productive land. Much A MOU~TAIN BOY LEAVING HOME to walle As a result there is no of the nation's soil is now de- church going. In many instances pleted or suffers from want of the rural economic condition has insufficient moisture. Rural youth faces the prob- made the church pastorless because the community lem of inability to work highly productive land, could not support even a part-time minister. Mis- for such land is too high-priced to be owned sion Boards either did not see the need or did not wholly by the individual farmer. Therefore mo- have available funds to meet it. In the course of dern youth cannot look forward with any great time the rural church closed its doors and be- [ 353 ]

came a ghost in the community-broken windows, either directly or indirectly for youth, the probpaint gone; weeds and briars grown up-all make lems of rural youth are far from being solved. an unsightly landscape. All this brings home to rural youth a sense of the insecurity of the coun- Many look to rural schools for the solution of tryside, leaving in its wake broken confidence, youth problems. Our schools do much to develop torn aspirations, blasted hopes, stunted determi- courage in the life processes of youth. New honation, bleeding pride, and lost self-respect. rizons are seen; new knowledge and skills are acquired. But here we must be disillusioned, for ThElre are twenty-one million youth in America; the rural school training· too often has had only and of these ten million are rural. They live on indirect relation to future work and therefore fails the farms or in country villages; many live in miserably to prepare youth to enter adult vocalittle unsanitary cabins on eroded and depleted tional life. However, we must recognize the trefarms, or on cut-over timber lands. Others live mendous impact which our schools make in the life in stranded villages in improvised houses going of youth. to rack and ruin. In the disadvantaged open country and in rural towns the young people are As a result of present day educational apoften under-nourished so that they fall easy vic- proaches rural youth, as never before, is questiontims to disease. They are unemployed and des- ing things as they have been and are. Old verities perate. lose their moral force in the presence of the logic of today's youth. They are learning how to dis- In many areas there are prosperous farms and cover new truths, how to create new patterns of vigorous, well-eared-for young people who move social and moral behavior. This situation renon in the realm of noble dreams; but these do not ders the approach of adults to youth problems far represent our rural mission problem today. Out more difficult than that of an earlier day. In a in the marginal disadvantaged areas throughout recent state-wide church group of rural youth this all rural America, forces are sensitive and opera- significant resolution was passed: "Our adults tive, endeavoring to bring back to disadvantaged have more problems of their own than they can rural youth the more abundant opportunities in solve. It is therefore highly necessary that we life. Perhaps it is not too late to recapture and go about to solve our own problems." conserve the finer achievements of American rurallife down through the centuries, and to rebuild The church probably has more rural youth in rural youth by making available the resources by its membership than in any other rural institution which the profounder depths of personality are or organization. Are we helping them to discover developed and maintained. themselves, their spiritual abilities and powers in the church and community? Have we been too The Federal Government is making a contribu- much interested in organizations in the church tion through certain emergency measures, such as for youth rather than in youth itself? We have the National Youth Administration, whereby it preached a great deal at youth, and we have creaids many rural youth to attend school. It has ated a great many things for them with the hope provided special courses in agricultural colleges of building up their faith and loyalty to the for farm boys and girls; it conducts work projects church, but too often our church organizations, for thousands of rural youth, as well as educa- our doctrines, our creeds, and our preachments tional guidance and job placement. More than have not been open doors of behavior patterns on 900,000 rural youth from low income relief fam- the level of youth's interests. ilies have been aided through the Civilian Conservation Corps. The Work Progress Administra- Youth in the country would like to see in their tion has reached a considerable number of rural churches and in the religious life of their people, youth through education projects, work projects, beauty and order together with a vital program and by provision for recreational activities. Other of action. They want responsibility for doing governmental agencies have aided rural youth things of great moment. They want a recreamore or less indirectly. tional program that embodies the development of skills and ability, as well as amusement. They Rural youth has also been greatly affected by want to experience a cooperative way of life for certain non-government agencies working in ru- the community. They want a spiritual program ral areas, such as the 4-H Clubs, Future Farmers which ties them to God through the church. They of America, Farm Bureau, Farmers Educational are asking for a voice in the midst of a faulty eduand Cooperative Union, and the National Grange. cation and in the breakdown of economic order These have developed to a very considerable ex- and unemployment. They are asking to be heard tent in rural areas. In addition there are many in a world of prejudices where there is a denial of localized projects throughout the country. It is opportunities-poverty, wars, and rumors of generally admitted that even with all these gov- wars. Youth calls for a prophet to lead them. ernment and non-government agencies, at work They are very eager to know about true religion.

RURAL YOUTH OF THE CHURCH TODAY

They want to see the church tie up vitally with the situation from it religious point of view was well rest of their life, with their school program, their expressed by one of the men of the community in dubs,societies, and their vocational interests. these terse words: "Our young people were going Back in an isolated cove of the Southern Moun- to Hell." On the one hand the fine, well-equipped, tains, where youth is supposed to be retarded and well-organized consolidated school was doing a bashful, the energies of a group of boys and girls, suc'cessful job for its youth; on the other hand who knew only how to "raise HeU" all up and there were four poor churches with divided inter- down the creek, drinking and cursing, were so ests, doing a very poor job for the same group of redirected under the leadership of a wise, pro- youth; this led the people of the community to do phetic laymen, that in the period of two years some serious thinking which ultimately led them they were quite capable of doing to unite their churches to form things that made them and oth- one large positive force. They ers happy. called a strong minister as their They took an old school house resident leader, and now have a and remodeled it to make a beau- church which the youth can look tiful rural church. After the upon with pride and say, "Our building was completed and church is just as fine as our cenpainted they landscaped it with tralized school. Our minister is native plants and trees. Later just as good as the principal of they built a recreational building our school. He is interested in all in the midst of a rhododendron the things we do and his friendly thicket .beside a swiftly flowing counsel helps us to do them betmountain stream. The hoys and ter."

girls worked together on these This new united church is projects during their spare time. crowded with young people.

Now they are singing the folk They are doing things in that songs and playing the folk games church which are just as cre- of the Southern Mountains and ative as those which they do of other countries. Near the through their 4-H Club work.

recreational building is an out- They have their Young People's door rendezvous. Needless to meetings, their club, recreation- say, all the young people of that al groups, and many special pro- community are actively enthusi- grams which they carry through.

astic. They are conscious that A wise lay leader found himthey have played a large creative self a few years ago in the open part in the reconstruction of the country in a beautiful valley of spiritual and social life of their about thirty square miles in area community. There is no diffi- where there were a number of culty here about the young peo- country churches and hundreds ple attending church or Sunday of young people. The ministers school or any other activity for were all bewailing the lack of the good of the community, for religious interest on the part of they have helped to create it, it the youth. They took every opis theirs. They are proud of it. portunity to tell them of their About eighteen years ago a sins, but had little to offer as rural community experienced substitutes except what to the the birth of a new consolidated RURAL YOUTH TODAY AT SCHOOL youth were vague abstract ideas.

public school made possible by The young people of the valley improved roads through the country districts and were called together one Sunday night for an open a growing cooperative spirit among the people. forum. Here they discussed their needs. That All the children of the community were brought very night an organization of the young people of to this fine school, which had a beautiful building, the valley was formed to meet monthly for var- good equipment, and excellent teachers. ious purposes. They met for social and recrea- In that same rural community ' were four tional activities; they met to sing; they spon- churches, all with poor buildings, no resident min- sored the Sunrise Easter Service of the commu- ister, church membership weak and becoming nity; they later created a Young People's Council weaker, Sunday schools gradually dying, no of the churches. Through this Youth Council de- young people's organizations. The young people's nominatioi1al harries were broken down through-

out the valley and a cooperative church spirit was effectively restored and saved to the nation their born that could never have existed had not the confidence, hope, ambition, aspiration, determina- youth been organized in this creative fashion. tion, pride and self-respect must be reconstructed.

Here the young people developed a new spiritual This is the task of the rural church, for there is life for themselves and also for their community, no other institution that can undertake and carry all of which has been reflected in the life of the through such a momentous responsibility. There churches of the area. is no other institution known to rural life that is Give rural young people a chance to use their so well fitted with philosophy, idealism and methcreative genius in the church under wise Chris- od to provide the needed sympathy and prophetic tian leadership and we need not fear them or fear direction to complete rural living by disadvanfor them. They know well the significance of taged youth of the soil as is the Christian Church. creative work. They bring out of a setting of The holy work of the rural church is to build out eggs a flock of chickens; out of a pig they develop of these hopeless, spiritless lives which poverty a hog; they grow a cow out of a calf. Out of has strewn over this fair land of ours, youthful grains of wheat, corn, or cotton they produce a lives strong and true.

worthy harvest. God's creative way of living is Herein is a challenge to our Christian churches an integral part of the life of rural youth. As for unity of purpose and method of work, such as rural church leaders we must translate this vital never has come from the good earth of America, power of youth into the spiritual world and teach to provide a good church without competition in them how to live creatively in the Kingdom of every American rural community, with a well- God. • trained and efficient ministry, and an ongoing Rural youth has a big job in any community, a program attuned to the problems, needs and activ- job that will challenge ities of rural youth, their creative zeal, a job thus creating a new that should build them Christian rural life.

into integral parts of the church life. What MOUNTAIN CHIL- is needed to reach such DREN READ THEIR a goal is a wise leader TESTAMENTS to help youth discover The Bible Institute its spiritual job in the Colportage Association, church and community founded by Dwight L.

and to frankly face that Moody in 1894 for the job and see it through. pUblication and distri- Youth, through the bution 0 f evangelical consolidated schools and Christian literature, other community insti- A RURAL CHURCH IN THE MOUNTAINS-AT CARMEN sent 9,969 shipments of tutions, is learning to books, booklets, Gospels, live and act cooperatively. Too frequently the New Testaments, Gospel tracts and miscellaneous churches are too numerous in rural communities. books to mountain schools in the South last year They are competitive in character and disrupt the -a total of 564,682 copies.

social unity of the community. All of this is a The Episcopal Recorder quotes from a letter mystery to oncoming youth. 'They wonder why written by a mountain girl to her teacher, in which there should be such a division and competition she says: in Christian life and work. Our rural youth offer a new challenge to united religious effort in all "Mother and Dad never had a Bible in their of our rural communities. Christian intelligence house, and never did any reading, until you gave demands a united church, the best of equipment, us the Book of John and the Pocket Treasury; the finest leadership and program, so that when but now they are getting interested in the Lora." youth compares its church with its school it will The teacher adds: "The children are more interfind that the church is an institution of which it ested in the Lord and want to take fifteen minutes each day to read th~ir Testaments. They are askcan justly be proud because of what it does for ing questions about the Bible. I want them to them, then they will give to it their loyalty, their read the Testament through before school is out, support, and their lives. and help them in every way I can."

Many of the ten million youth in rural Amer- Teachers in these mountain schools report a ica are disadvantaged through poverty. The gov- marked improvement in the morals and conduct of ernment and other organizations are making their their pupils since this work of literature distribu- contributions but if these young people are to be tion was undertaken.

Today and

By a WAYFARER The author of this article has first-hand knowledge of the situation in Spain T HE end of the Civil War in Spain, with the ister of the former, the Rev. Atilano Coco was shot surrender of Madrid on the 28th of March in prison; the incumbent of the latter, Rev. Mr. brought to an end one of the great tragedies Borrobia is still in prison. Liberty of propaof modern times. All who know Spain never had ganda, without which a religious minority cannot any doubt as to the ultimate issue, but all were thrive, was carried on normally in Government surprised that an improvised army, without sci- territory but was prohibited in the Nationalist entific training, was able to hold out so long area. The sale of the Christian Scriptures reached against superior forces equipped with modern record figures in republic or Loyalist Spain durlethal weapons. Neither side is without reproach ing the conflict but was prohibited in the country for many excesses· were committed that history dominated by General Franco. Registered parcels will condemn. The Nationalists, in spite of their of Bibles, sent from London to Vigo, were reclaim to a pure patriotism, opened the door to the turned marked "Prohibited by the Military Cenforeign invader and armed the Moors, the heredi- sorship."

tary enemies of Spain, in order that they might Fears for the safety of the Protestant minority kill Christians. The ruthless repression of the and the continuance of the work lead the British Basque autonomists, with its massacre of priests Committee for the Evangelization of Spain to ap- and civilians will not soon be forgotten. Franco point a delegation, under the presidency of Dr.

too seems to have been unable to restrain the Rushbrook, to call on the Duke of Alba, the official Falangists and Requetes in their zeal to extermi- representative of the Nationalist Government in nate "the Red vermin." Spanish Anarchists, al- London, asking for assurances of protection and lied with Communists, by killing priests and burn- liberty. Through his good offices certain questions ing churches, discredited the Loyalist Govern- concerning the maintenance of religious liberty ment cause and alienated sympathy that would and propaganda were submitted to General Franco otherwise have been theirs. It would be as fool- who later replied guaranteeing liberty of worship. ish to hold Senor Azana personally responsible for On being further questioned as to whether this . this as it would be to make Franco wholly respon- included liberty of propaganda the General replied sible for the excesses of his irregular troops. It in the affirmative and this declaration was pub- is a significant fact neither seems to have pos- lished in English newspapers. sessed the authority necessary to dominate the sit- uation. In this age, however, promises do not seem to have the same sacred character as formerly. The As to the religious situation generally speaking dead cannot- be raised but if General Franco would both sides maintained the degree of religious lib- release Evangelical workers who are still in pris- erty that obtained in Spain at the outbreak of the on and allow the reopening of closed Protestant war. At an early stage the Government published churches, such as those of Barcelona that have a decree to prevent excesses and inviting Roman been closed since the Nationalist occupation of Catholic priests to return to their parishes. At the city, that would go far to inspire confidence. no time was Protestant worship suspended in the Government-controlled area; nor were their build- Moreover the news that filters through from ings destroyed. Christian services were carried Spain is increasingly ominous. On the 3d of May on throughout the struggle, frequently in build- a decree ordered the replacing of the Crucifix in ings damaged by enemy aircraft. In Nationalist all schools, whether Government or private. None territory Roman Catholic worship was celebrated will be allowed to function until it has obeyed this in pre-republican splendor. Protestant services injunction. The teaching of the Roman Catholic continued without interference in most towns and religion has been made obligatory in all schools. were well attended. Conspicuous exceptions were The children are obliged to attend Mass. If any Salamanca and Valladolid where Protestant special provision has been made for non-Catholic churches were closed early in the war. The min- children we have not heard of it. All civil serv- ants too are required to give proof of Catholic [357 ]

piety (pruebas de piedad cristia1W) , that is to be brothers united in one conception of the State say, fulfil the obligations of the Roman Catholic and in one religion." But Franco's forces contain religion. Again there is no mention of exemption groups with opposing ideologies. It is easier for non-Catholics. A list of prohibited books has to conceive the lion and the lamb lying down been prepared. Only accepted books may be circulated in Spanish in Spain. Inquiries at the together than Falangists and Requetes living in Spanish Embassy brought forth the statement peace. The Spaniards are a proud people whose that the Bible is not included in the list. Finally, soil has been trodden and their blood shed by foraccording to newspaper and radio reports, the eign invaders. Official friendship may be main- Civil Marriage Law, instituted by the Republic, tained with the invading countries but the people has been repealed and 60 days have been given to who have suffered will not forget. It is even more all married under this law to remarry according difficult to visualize post-civil-war Spain as united to Roman Catholic rites. Failing this their chil- by a common religion. A large part of many of dren will be declared illegitimate. Now as confes- the Spanish people have an inherited hatred and sion is required before marriage in the Roman distrust of the Roman Catholic Church which is Catholic Church, and no so called, "heretic" can considered as the enemy of liberty and a barrier receive absolution, remarriage, under these con- to progress. This feeling has shown itself in ditions, would seem to be equivalent to being re- periods of national tumult by the burning of ceived into the Church. The Spanish Embassy church property. Is it conceivable that the conconfirms the, promulgation of this Law but they duct of the Roman Catholic Church during the have not yet received the text. The conservative civil war was such as to win these people for its French newspaper Le Temps in its issue of April cause? There have been too many priests of the 25th, says that more than 30,000 couples in Madrid type of Zafra who, waving his pistol in the air, alone are affected. They are being remarried at boasted that it has sent more than 100 Marxists to the rate of 650 a day. their account. Even the holy lives and sacrificial death of such men as the Franciscan, Father Re- What will be the position of non-Catholics under ville, who was shot for protesting against the murthis reactionary decree? We do not know as we der of inoffensive citizens, cannot blot out the have not seen the text. We can only hope that memory of others better known whose conduct was there are attenuating clauses in it that are not different. Cardinal Mercier, whose heroism Belmentioned in the first reports. gium will never forget, visited Spain on one occa- I On the 19th of April a deputation from the sion. On his return a friend congratulated him on i'British Committee" again called at the Spanish having seen that most Christian country, to which Embassy in London. In the absence of the Am- the Cardinal replied pensively, "Christian? Do bassador the news of the closing of the Barcelona you think so?" churches-the other information mentioned above had not then been received-was brought to the Spain needs Christ. Not the crucifix hanging notice of the Chief Secretary, the Marquis de los round the necks of bloodstained Requetes and Santos, and the contrast between this event and Moors but the Christ of the Gospels who died the promises given on the occasion of the previ- expressing forgiveness to his enemies. He alone ous visit were emphasized. can lead Spain forward to that new epoch of peace and prosperity desired by all true friends. Pray We hear much of the new Spain that is to rise that there may be an open-door in Spain for men on the ruins of the old. It is, we are told, to be who incarnate the virtues associated with the di- "prosperous and powerful. Its inhabitance will vine character of Jesus, the Christ.

One of India's political leaders said of Stanley Jones: "We always know where he is com- ing out. If he begins at the binomial theorem, he will come out at the place of conversion." And to this Stanley Jones replies: "Right. I make no apologies, for life comes out at that place. Amid all the changes which have taken place in the mind and spirit of this age there is one underlying need that has not changed-men need conversion. But we now see that that conversion is bigger in its scope than we had dreamed-the individual and society must shift the basis from self-centeredness to God. For conversion is that change, sudden or gradual, by which we pass from the kingdom of self to the Kingdom of God through the grace and power of Christ."

and Religion in

By REV. and MRS. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, recently * of Kortcha; founders of the Albanian Mission A LBANIA, which has recently been front page day dropped leaflets guaranteeing the free exer- .r-. news in the press dispatches on account of cise of religious beliefs." the Italian occupation and the flight of The virile Albanian mountaineers trace their King Zog with his wife and baby, lies north and history (according to Max Muller and others) west of Greece, and across the Adriatic Sea from back to the Pelasgic race. In ancient times they Italy. The country is smaller than the State of were pushed back into their mountain fortresses Maryland and the total population (800,000) is by the Romans, Goths, Bulgars, Serbs, and Turks.

about the size of Baltimore. The people are three- For nearly five hundred years they remained fourths Mohammedan; the remaining fourth be- under the Turks, then they became independent; ing about equally divided between the Roman now they are subject to Italy.

Catholics of the north and the Eastern Orthodox The first Bible colporteur to come to these moun- of the south. Islam was forced on this sturdy tain people was Gerasim Kyrias, an Albanian. He race before the fall of Constantinople in 1453. had been educated under the American Board Their honored patriot, George Castriot Skender- Mission. He was captured and held for ransom, beg who died in 1468, is the hero in James M. but money was raised, through the efforts of the Ludlow's "A Captain of the Janissaries." Evangelical missionaries, and was used for his re':'

The Rev. Arthur W. Konrad of the Evangelical lease. While his health was seriously impaired Mission writes that some Italian bombs proved to by his rigorous experience, he and his sister were be "stuffed with paper and wood, used only to instrumental in establishing in Kortcha an evanscare and not to exterminate." He speaks also of gelical day and boarding school for girls in 1891. the friendliness of the Italian army when it en- This school they carried on for some years. tered the city of Kortcha. A generation ago a young Mohammedan Al- At latest reports the Albanian flag was still banian entered the offic·e of the American Board flying with the flag of Italy. Albania has now a of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Boston reconstructed government, and, according to and gave a modern Macedonian call: "Come over newspaper accounts, many of the people are jubi- and help us." This touched the heart of the secrelant over having Victor Emanuel III as King and tary of the Board, Dr. James L. Barton, and a Emperor. Albania has lost her brief independ- special fund was raised which enabled the Board ence and she is now related closely with to send out Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy in 1907. While Italy in whatever the future holds. Since the the Turks attempted to prevent the missionaries' Italian occupation of Albania, (April, 1939) there entrance, permission was finally granted on the has been time for some details to filter through basis of American treaty rights. The little school to America. This occupation seems to have been started by Gerasim Kyrias in Kortcha was a veriinevitable due to several years of Italian financial table "cradle of liberty" and was the only girls' aid in the material development of the country. school in the country where the Albanian lan- Moreover dissatisfaction was beginning to be felt guage was taught. Preaching and Sabbath school by many of the Albanians against the Zog regime services in the language of the people were held, in which overtaxed the people. spite of opposition both from the Turkish Govern- ment and from the Moslem and Greek Orthodox The Rev. Edwin Jacques, another Evangelical leaders. From time to time Albanians have conmissionaries, says in his "postscript" to a recent fessed their faith in Christ and have been received circular letter (written before the occupation), into the little Evangelical circle. The occupation "To quiet Moslem forebodings airplanes yester- of southern Albania, during the Balkan War made it necessary for the missionaries to leave, but the * Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy, the founders of the Albanian Evangelical way was opened to do relief work among the starving and dying Moslem refugees in the north, MiSSion, are now in America, having passed over to their fellow with headquarters in Durazzo. After four or five miSSionaries, Messrs. Jacques and Konrad, all the property held by them, both mission and private. Their address is 332 West 12th Street, New York. They expect to work among Albanian communities in America and are ready to accept speaking engagements.

-EDITOR.

[359 ]

years' absence, while the World War was still in Two young missionary couples, Rev. and Mrs. progress, the Kennedys were able to re-enter Kortcha, and soon the attendance at the re-opened Edwin Jacques and Rev. and Mrs. Arthur W. school and at the Evangelical services was larger than before. Konrad were added to the staff and are now con- The income of the American Board being in- ducting the mission. adequate they decided to withdraw from Albania in 1922, expecting that another board would take While the great need in Albania today is to over the work, but this was not done. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy therefore decided to conduct the reach tre Moslems, there is also a call to teach work on interdenominational lines and founded the Evangelical Mission as an independent "Faith" the unenlightened Roman Catholic and Greek work in 1923. The so-called Kyrias School, having been moved to Tirana, the capital, a new school Orthodox Christians. Albanians are "very reliwas established in Kortcha and village evangelistic services were carried on regularly. When the gious" but their religion is largely outward and independent State was formed, the Albanian language could be taught without the protection of formal. Those who have had a real experience the American flag so that many, who were not vitally interested in the dospel, lost their interest of Christ are deeply concerned for the salvation in the mission. Nevertheless the school grew so that it was necessary to add more rooms and em- of their fellow Albanians. ploy additional teachers. The Bible was regularly taught in all classes three times a week and new The country has passed through many political . members were added to the Evangelical circle. Later, with the growth of nationalism, the Al- changes under Turkish, Greek, French, Albanian banian Government was influenced to close all private schools, including the mission school. The and now Italian flags. What this new change may prejudice of the people has been dispelled, and more time can be devoted to distinct evangelism. mean for Evangelical work is known only to God.

Certain it is that the Albanian people need the clear Gospel message, proclaimed by the power of the Spirit of God. .

Some day there may be a Christian mass move- ment in Albania, for many are dissatisfied with empty religious forms and superstition. They are "almost persuaded" to become real followers of Jesus Christ as the Son of God and to accept Him as their Lord and Saviour. They are a noble race of people, and hold a strategic position in the Bal- kans. Shall we not give them the entire Bible in their language, and evangelize this field while it is yet day? The night cometh in Europe and the Near East, when no man can work.

Liberty and Religion in Red Russia * By COLONEL F. J. MILES, D.S.O., O.B.E., V.D.

International Secretary of the Russian Missionary Society, Inc.

N UMERICALLY, the Russians form the tive Committee viewed with alarm the lack of in- greatest white race in the world, 210 mil- crease due to licensed lasciviousness, reduced it to lion people. Of these approximately 180 latitude, and by law abolished liberty and free millions live within the borders of Soviet Russia, provision of hospitals and surgeons for the pera tract of territory so vast that it stretches from formance of certain operations. The year that Europe to the Pacific; from the White Sea to the the alteration took place making the operation Black, from the Baltic to the Balkans; so huge illegal, the population grew by four and a half that when it is twelve noon in Moscow it is seven million. It is anticipated that the futur·e normal o'clock in the evening at Vladivostock. In this increase will be at the rate of seven million per land, which covers one-sixth of the earth's sur~ annum, until in 1970 there will be three hundred face, one-fourth of Asia and one-third of Europe, million resident in the U. S. S. R. Lenin's widow there dwell 170 races speaking 120 different is leading a journalistic campaign and nation-wide tongues and dialects. There are White Russians movement in fayor of large families. and Little Russians; .Cossacks and Caucasians; Georgians and Ukrainians, and the like. The laws concerning religion govern the whole of the Federated Soviet States. It is, of course, The population was increasing at the rate of true that the farther one gets from the capital three million per annum, until the Central Execu- cities the more likelihood there is that laws will not be so strictly observed. For instance, I vis- • From the E'IIamgeUoal O'hristi<z.n, Jamlary. 1939.

LIBERTY AND RELIGION IN RED RUSSIA

ited a collective farm in the Don Cossack country. mummified bodies lying side by side in the Cathe- The village was still called by its· old Czarist name dral of St. Isaac in Leningrad. The centre one -Alexander the Second! But the collective farm is a "saint," and the outside two are a peasant that included it as its centre, and on which all the man and woman. The stage is set to show that not villagers worked was styled "October 25th"! I sainthood, but chemical processes were responmanaged to "lose myself" from the Field Briga- sible for the preservation. Moreover, into the dier, who made it his business to carefully shep- hand of a corpse lying in the Russian coffin, which herd me around, and I wandered down the village has casket and lid of equal depths, there was street "visiting." placed a Greek Orthodox passport to heaven, printed in Archaic Greek. This had to be pur- One cleanly-clad housewife called me into her chased from the priest and without it there was home where I found in the living-room five ikons, no hope of the departed entering paradise! In the and in the adj oining bedroom another two, each first instance, persecution was directed against with its little red lamp burning beneath it. I this church which was characterized by creed, found that nearly every worker on this intensely ceremonial, crude teaching, and too often not by communistically named farm was still living reli- Christian character. giously as in the old "Holy Russia," and that the bulk of the people, in spite of the five-day week, The Stundists were given a freedom, under were actually worshipping in the little church which they increased with such remarkable rabuilding of the Greek Orthodox Church every sev- pidity that the Central Executive Committee beenth day. came alarmed. They reasoned that the church of these Christians who refused to participate in The American secular press has been misled party politics or to bear arms, was necessarily into stating that the new constitution affords reli- opposed to the Bolshevic plan for world-wide antigious liberty to Soviet citizens. The conditions religious communistic dominion. Their rapid inremain as they were before the draft sent out to crease was, therefore, a menace to the Soviet plan. the Soviets in February, was "adopted" in No- So the forces of persecution were focused upon vember of 1936, and became law on January, 1937. them. No Christian is persecuted as such and Articles 124 and 125 provide for "liberty for anti- no evangelist is banished merely for preaching religious propaganda" and "freedom to perform the Gospel. They are charged as counter revoreligious rites." News editors did not sense the lutionaries. But. facts are stubborn things. Forworld of difference between the two. It simply meant that elderly folk who still clung to their merly we had sixty-six consecrated Russian evanreligious ceremonial could continue to follow it. gelists within the U. S. S. R. Today only five are left and they are in exile. None of the "liquidated" The revolt, while :;tgainst all religion, was in the men ever engaged in any counter-revolutionary first place a revolution against the National Or- propaganda or activity. Before me are the rethodox Church. From the standpoint of the anti- ports for August, 1938. (1) In the Far East God and anti-religious hosts, it was justified. a purge of Baptist churches is taking place There were notable exceptions, as in the case of and the leaders are being charged as "Japanese the Patriarch Tikhon, and the Metropolitan Ben- spies." This is in harmony with the procedure in jamin, the one dying in prison and the other being the West where evangelists and pastors were shot. Before the tribunal the Metropolitan said, exiled· or shot as German spies. (2) Baptist "If I must die, I will die as a Christian." But the groups in Tolka have been "liquidated." Tolka is old Russian Church was largely led by illiterate in the Caucasus. (3) Baptists in the Caucasus and immoral men like that "holy devil of Russia" were accused of (a) hindering the election of -Rasputin. Priests in the provinces actually Stalin candidates at the recent elections; and taught the people that the bodies of believers were (b) conducting religious. propaganda among the immortal, and that when a believer died the body hospital workers of the district. (4) A Baptist remained intact until the judgment day! They pastor of twenty years' standing in one of the exhibited bodies of saints in glass cases in their oldest churches in the autonomous Udmurpk Rechurches. When the revolution came, the anti- public was arrested as a German spy. (5) Evanreligious hosts opened the graves and disclosed gelistic groups in the Crimea were "liquidated." that they only contained decomposing bones. They smashed the glass cases and revealed that the It seems strange that in a land where capital bodies of saints were "fakes." Not all; for the punishment has been abolished hundreds of men ground beneath the monastery of Pechersk at are being shot daily. The military and naval lead- Kieff, the ancient capital of Russia and the pres- ers are shot so that they may be replaced by noment capital of the Ukraine, has the property of inees of Stalin and Company. I ventured to ask preserving bodies interred therein. The monks a City Magistrate in his Chambers in Mosco.w how were quick to take advantage of this and instituted he explained this anomaly. Indignantly he couna mummy factory. • . . 1J'here are three complete tered, "But we do not hang people up and leave

them hanging till they die; we shoot them in- in 1936, twenty-seven in 1937; there are less tostantly and put an end to their misery." And I day. The last German Lutheran Church was found that this university trained man, who had closed in August, 1938, when the pastor died. In taken a juridical course, really believed this. A Omsk, Siberia, with a population of two and a few weeks later I was on the lower Volga, and two quarter million, only three churches remain open. Scotch ladies, traveling first-class, were being con- In a town on the lower Volga, with a population ducted by a Girl Guide interpreter. She told them of eighty thousand, five churches were open when this same story. I had several conversations with I visited it a couple of years back: two Greek her, as we were several days on the boat. During Orthodox, two Roman Catholic, and one German the recent winter she had passed an examination Lutheran. For all practical purposes they might in an additional language, so was receiving an as well be closed. The vital religious work in that extra fifty rubles a month pay, and had been pre- community is being carried on in private circles sented with an English up-to-date edition of a of Brethren, Baptists and Evangelical Christians. work by Frederick Engels in which it was claimed that during the previous year in the Brit- Some reports appear in the press of churches ish Isles, men were banished for life to convict settlements overseas for poaching rabbits, and being full. hanged for stealing sheep. I published excerpts There are enough elderly folk (with whom the from this work in the British Press. Noone has dared to attempt to refute what I wrote. Soviet cannot be bothered-"They'll die off soon, anyway") to fill the buildings that still remain Effect of Censorship open at Easter, and at the three-day Christmas (January 6th) of which Greek Orthodox churches Lamentable ignorance of conditions in Russia make so much. But in the few churches remainand in the other lands is due to the censorship ing open, what can be done? The pastor may which is, applied both in and out of the U. S. S. R. preach on the premises, but nowhere else. He is For instance, no paper, periodical, or magazine taken up for interrogation periodically, and comes Duhlished abroad is permitted to enter Russia. out of the ordeal a nervous wreck. No literature The population gets its ideas concerning "starv- is allowed on the premises except such as is absoing and revolting peoples" of other lands from lutely needful for the conduct of worship. No government controlled papers, in order that by meetings may be held for women or young people. contrast they may be the more content with the It is a criminal offence to gather three young peo- Soviet regime. All who regularly write or are ple under the age of eighteen to teach them reliwritten to come under suspicion. I have before gion. No teacher is permitted to enter any place me a communication from K– asking us not of worship. No social service may be rendered, to write more at present. Believers and others lest by so doing the church should influence those under suspicion are tortured to secure confes- helped to become religious. The church is under sions; nothing to eat or drink; no sleep-terrible! a graduated tax that is increased periodically till, It is such torture that induces wholesale confes- in spite of severest sacrifice, it can no longer be sions of "counter revolutionaries." There have paid; then automatically the Soviet takes over been many positive acts against religion. Church the building because those using Government buildings were taken over by the Government. All property have not paid their dues. It is all quite private property was nationalized, including the lawful and legitimate! !! If the pastor dies, no churches. Like so many other communistic prin- successor may be elected and the church is liquiciples the abolition of private property has broken dated. The German Lutheran Church at Gorki down in practice. For instance, Cooperatives are (Nizni-Novgorod) has been closed for this reason allowed to erect buildings and sell the apartments for years. Apparently the local Soviet has no use to their members. Most of the church buildings for the building. were closed and converted to secular uses such as bureaus, workshops, factories, apartments, clubs, In one city where we bought land and erected a kolkhos (stores for collective farms), public con- building wherein thousands of souls were saved, veniences, etc. "Dom Evangelia" in Leningrad our people were expelled, but permitted to conis a workers' club. for the men who make nails in tinue to meet twice in what we call one week, in a the metal factory opposite. The cathedrals of St. hall attached to a former Greek Orthodox Church Isaac in Leningrad, of St. Basil in the Red Square building which they shared with followers of anof Moscow, and that of St. Andrew in Kieff are other persuasion. Needing this, the local Soviet anti-God and anti-religious, museums. turned them out. They have been driven from pillar to post, hampered, hindered, harassed-yet Of 1636 Greek Orthodox churches in Moscow on the 29th day of January last year, in one meetbefore the revolution, thirty only were left open ing they baptized fifty converts on profession of faith.

Since May, 1929, the Bible has been banned. It is a criminal offence in Soviet Russia to print,

publish, circulate or distribute the Word of God 87 per cent of the Russian population were illitor any portion of it. We printed the largest edi- erate. Now only 14 per cent are, and in the intion of Russian Bibles that ever came off the press dustrial areas, only 8 per cent. But every day 25 -81,000 copies. Before the officials became so million children going to school are taught that alert we sent copies back by the lumbermen who there is no God; never was. a Creator, and are brought the rafts and logs down the rivers to the subject to such caricatures of Christianity, and border states. Our men carried them over the such blasphemous cartoons of Christ that I canborder at dead of night, taking their lives in their not bring myself to describe them. No teacher in hands every time they crossed. In markets far school, college, or university is permitted to enter away from Moscow bidding may proceed for a any place of worship. And yet all over Soviet few mushrooms spread out on a bag-but the real Russia today there are sporadic outbursts of reobject is under the bag, a second-hand Bible or vival among young people (over 50 percent of Testament. When the government said in effect the population, i. e., all the young people, have -"You shall not have the Book in your hands," passed through these schools), and especially the Believers replied, "Then we'll put it into our among young men in the factories, so the local heads and enthrone it on our hearts." So they leaders are sending to Moscow asking that special studied and committed to memory the Sacred speakers be sent to combat the religious revival. Word. Now, when they gather round our evangelists in "bears' caves," they repeat passages of I dare not close this article without giving evi- Scripture and so illumine and inspire, instruct, dence of the truthfulness of the above, from offiexhort, and "comfort one another with these cial Soviet sources, lest I be charged with rowords." mancing.

There is no food shortage in Russia in Europe Lunarcharsky, former Commissar of Education today, though sometimes failure in distribution in the Central Executive Committee, issued a occurs. There is still shortage in Russia in Asia, manifesto in which he stated: and we still need to send food parcels. to Christians and banished evangelists in concentration camps We hate Christians. Even the best of them must be rein the Far East. Nothing but our food parcels garded as our worst enemies. They preach love to one's stands between them and starvation. Until food neighbors and pity, which is contrary to our principles ( !). tickets and ration cards were abolished no priest, Christian love is a hindrance to the development of the rabbi, moulvic, pastor, evangelist, editor of reli- revolution. Down with love for one's neighbors. What we gious pamphlets, or tradesman dealing in any re- want is hatred. We must know how to hate, for only at ligious article, nor his wife or family, was per- this price can we conquer the universe. We have done with mitted to have a ticket or card. Thousands who the kings of the earth, let us deal with the Kings of the wished to be loyal to the Lord "whom not having skies. All religions are poison. They intoxicate and deaden seen (they) love," were living on the bark and the mind, the will, the conscience (!). A fight to the death roots of trees, on nettle grass, and on field mice. must be declared upon religion. Our task is to destroy all kinds of religion, all kinds of morality. In spite of these conditions there has been, and still is, a real religious revival. Let him tell us how they succeeded. Trud, whieh means "labor," is the chief workers' organ; In the U. S. S. R. one evangelist, now in exile, Comsomolska Pravda is "Truth for Youth"; in three months, in three villages far from the Pravda, meaning "Truth," is the chief organ of capital, baptized 450 converts. Next spring he the Communist Party; while Izvestia, "News," is baptized 154 more in two months. Then he went that of the Government. In Southern Russia it is to prison for a technical offence in connection with said that there is no news in the Truth, and no preaching. Not to the Solovetsky Islands, the truth is the News. Writing in Izvestia in 1929 most rigorous imprisonment in the world, but to on the basis of the figures of his own department, a "house of re-education," in which the offenders Lunarcharsky affirmed that in 1917 there were are .given a good time, to induce them to come out only 700,000 members of the Communist Party, good supporters of the Soviet regime. Freedom but in 1927 they had grown to 1,700,000. But in therein enabled our man to preach to those who 1917 there were only 100,000 Stundists, and in would not have listened to him outside, also to hold 1927 over six millions. The Christians had outprayer meetings. Several prisoners were con- lived, outwitnessed, and outnumbered the Comverted. When he was discharged he found that munists by six to one, and this in spite of Governhis wife had carried on so effectively during his ment support of the latter, and satanic and Soviet incarceration that he had to baptize another 12'6 opposition of the former. converts. The Party Commander of the Bezbojniks (the The greatest achievement of the Soviets has Godless), Em. Yaroslavsky, has recently published been in the realm of education. Before the revolt an explanation which is an apology for failure in the Scientific Journal, Antireliginoznik. In it he has to confess that about two-thirds of the rural

pop1l1ation, and one-third of that in the towns, the ministers of the cult must be viewed as fraudstill continue faithful to religion. He admits that ulent members of the Party. All our skill must while the Government can prohibit support of the consist in systematically and unremittingly de- Church, and separate the Church and the school priving the Church of its head; in striking the by decree, "a decree is powerless to efface reli- blow at the Shepherd and alluring the sheep into gious ·conception"; "being deprived of an edifice our own stable" (sic!). has not killed the religious feeling of believers," and even "the Pioneers frequent the Church in There is one reason why the anti-religious hosts great numbers." He claims. that the coercive have failed. Jesus said, "On this Rock (faith in measures have been a mistake: they have failed; Christ as the Son of God) I will build my church and concludes that "The masses must be tamed by and the gates of hades shall not prevail against kindness." But–"We must outroot religion, and it" (Matt. 16: 18). My Master always keeps His word.

Forty Years' Progress in Latin America By REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, New York Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; For Forty Years a Missionary in South America I N THESE chaotic moder:::J. times, forty years United States flag was seldom seen on the few constitute as long a period in the life of a na- ships which then made the run to South America. tion as in the life of an individual. Changes, The investment of North American capital, could rapid and cataclysmic, occur, even in the coun- not have exceeded a few hundred millions in all tries that have been fully organized for centuries Latin America. In 1937, the total investment was and whose traditions and form of government ap- reported to be about $6,500,000,000. pear to be crystallized and unshakable. In younger nations, such as those of Latin America such 2. Politically-Few governments of the very changes, though less sudden and dramatic com- young republics were then more than oligarchies. pared with those of Europe during past years, are A small number of families, in each of them, connevertheless well defined and epoch-making. sidered the presidency and other public offices their peculiar right and saw to it that the power The writer of this article journeyed to Latin was kept within their limited circle. As an illus- America, for the first time, more than 40 years ago, tration, one lady, known to the writer, was the and, except for occasional visits to the homeland, daughter, the sister and the wife of a President lived all that time south of the equator. He has of her country. Today, though not to the same dethus been able to note the changes in the commer- gree in all the republics, the democratic form of cial, political and religious life of the peoples of government prevails, and most of them, like Arthose lands which have marked their slow but gentina, Brazil and Chile, merit the high esteem sure progress toward equal standing with the in which they are held by the peoples of Europe older peoples of Europe and North America. A and North America. brief description of some of these changes may be of interest. 3. Culturally-Public instruction has made great advance and the formerly high percentage 1. Economically-Forty years ago, the immense of analphabets has been correspondingly reduced. natural resources of Latin America lay practically The oldest university of Latin America was founduntouched. The great modern industries of min- ed 56 years before the first permanent English ing, cattle-raising, the elaboration of nitrate; settlement w:as made in North America, and 85 banking, railways, manufactures, shipping, the years before John Harvard made possible the importation of machinery and automobiles, and institution that bears his name. Today, the best of other commercial activities-all these were but these universities equal those of the United States in their infancy. The United States, in particular, or Europe as centers of learning, and the intellechad not attempted to discover in those lands a tual spire of Latin America is as high as our own, market for its excess products. There was not a though it is more slender. In the learned profes- North American bank south of Mexico, and the sions, especially in law and medicine, are found

19391 FORTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA

men and women of the highest professional prep- As a result of this exclusionist policy, when aration, fully the equals of their colleagues in evangelical missions began to extend their work with greater earnestness and conviction, forty or other lands. more years ago, they found certain conditions 4. Religiously-The pioneers and founders of which had to be overcome if that work was to be successful. Among these were the following: the colonies of Spain in the New World differed from those who laid the foundations of religious life in what is now the territory of the United (a) There was no liberty of worship. Free States of America. The groups that came to those thought was in itself considered heretical; the shores, Catholic and Protestant alike, were simply press was under the absolute control of the seeking a place where, quietly and unostentatious- Church, and, in some of the most backward coun- ly, they might worship God according to the dic- tries, death was the legal penalty for adherence to tates of their own consciences. Spanish discover- any religion other than that of the dominant ers and conquistadores, in the lands that now con- Church.

stitute what we call Latin America, were of a (b) There was no civil marriage law. The only more militant mold and sought to establish not legal ceremony was that performed by a priest of only the power of the King whom they represented the State Church; children of those otherwise but also that of their particular Chm'ch. They wedded were ipso facto considered illegitimate. flung to the breeze not only the colors of Ferdi- Even Protestant missionaries, wedded on the field, nand and Isabel, King and Queen of Castile and were required to secure the services of a friendly Aragon, but also those of the Supreme Pontiff priest. To satisfy their own consciences, they of Rome. Even the sails of the caravels of Chris- might have another ceremony performed by a topher Columbus and of less worthy conquista- Protestant minister, but this latter ceremony had dores who came after him, had imprinted upon no legal significance whatsoever. them the figure of the cross and the words, "with this sign you will conquer." Columbus is said to (c) There were no civil cemeteries. The bodies have considered his name Christopher, "Christ- of deceased dissenters were thrown into the sea, bearer," a good omen, and historians tell us that or were buried surreptitiously by night in some his hope was to secure funds from the newly unfrequented spot. About the middle of the past acquired lands in order to finance another crusade century, a progressive Mayor in one of the South against the Turks. American capitals when converting a hitherto' undeveloped hill i,nto a park, found at its base a In view of this deeply religious motive that in- collection of human bones, and on the site placed spired and encouraged the Spanish pioneers in Latin America, which was largely in conformity a tablet with the inscription, "To the memory 0/ with the spirit of the times, in both Roman Catholic and Protestant lands, it is not strange that the exiled from heaven and earth who were buried the type of Christianity which became the official in this place." religion of the Colonies of Spain, and, afterward, of the younger republics that grew out of those (d) Possession and reading of the Bible was proscribed by the Church itself and, under the in- fluence of the Church, by officials of the State. A colonies, should have been ultra-fanatical, ex- customs officer in Ecuador, toward the end of the tremely jealous of its own prerogatives, and dis- past century, refused to admit a box of Christian Scriptures; pointing toward one of the towering posed to resist, to the last degree, the entrance peaks of the nearby Andes, he said, "So long as and propagation of the beliefs of any other sect Chimborozo stands, that Book shall not enter this or denomination. The spirit of the Inquisition, country." typical of the religious life of the time, especially in Southern Europe, was deep-rooted. Branches The distressing religious conditions that preof that feared and hated body were set up in vari- vailed in the countries of Latin America a half ous centers, especially in Lima, the capital of the century ago have been narrated in order to show viceroys, and in Cartagena de las Indias, now one the historical background against which we may of the port cities of the modern republic of Colom- throw into clearer light the situation as it is today.

bia. So strong did the Church become, so thor- The former unfortunate conditions have now oughly did it indoctrinate the peoples, that when very largely disappeared-due largely to a closer the colonies, following the lead given by those of contact with Europe and North America, made Great Britain, in North America, and by France, possible, in part at least, by more modern means gave way to republics, at the beginning of the 19th of communication. The changed situation has ·century, the representatives of the Papacy were also been greatly helped by the liberalizing, reflex able to have written into the constitution of the influence of Evangelical missions. Today, in every newly-created states the words, "The religion of one of the 20' republics of Latin America, there is this State is the Holy, Roman, Catholic, Apostolic, complete freedom of worship; the only legal mar- to the exclusion of all others." riage ceremony is that performed by an official of

the State; cemeteries are open to the dead of all friendly eye and are evidently willing to forget faiths or of none; and the Bible is widely and some episodes of the past in which the "big stick" freely circulated. In one South American republic, played too prominent a part. Brazil, there is now an estimated total of 1,500,000 Evangelical Christians; in all there is a steadily Probably no part of the world has made such growing National Evangelical Church which is economic and cultural advance in the past forty willing to cooperate in many respects with the years in a quiet and natural way as have the nainfinitely stronger, dominant, ecclesiastical organ- tions of Latin America. And their history is still ization, for the spiritual instruction and upbuild- in the making. Millions of Europeans, seeking ing of the people. refuge or the opportunity to better their condi- tions of life are wistfully turning their faces 5. Internationally-There is today a much bet- toward the great open spaces of Argentina and ter understanding between the Government, and, Brazil. Many thousands have already entered hence, the people of the United States of Ameri- those and other Latin American countries, where ca, and the governments and peoples of the other they have established homes and have begun a new countries of the Western hemisphere. Instead of life under more liberal conditions. The Christian the former policy of occupying a country with forces of North America, especially the Evangel- United States marines, in order to establish our ical churches, have a great opportunity to aid conception of what we considered law and order, these incoming thousands, making it possible for or exerting economic pressure to encompass our them not only to secure the right to liberty and own ends, a more modern and more Christian the pursuit of happiness, but also to surround "good neighbor" policy has been adopted and has themselves and their descendants with the spirbeen well received by all Latin American govern- itual blessings that flow from a free Church in a ments. Their people now look on us with a more free land.

Queen Salote of Tonga K ING GEORGE VI of Great Britain sent the lieves in the tenets of Christianity, but is most following message to the queen of Tonga, energetic in seeing that her beliefs find practical a Pacific Island, on the occasion of the expression in the daily life. With her, "Faith twentieth anniversary of her accession to the without works is dead." She is a constant attendthrone of Tonga. He said in part: ant at divine service, is a class leader, and is al- ways present at the regular meetings of the Chris- "The period of your reign has been one of tian Endeavor Society. Not only has Queen Salote steady and peaceful progress in the development advanced the interests of her people in the mateof your kingdom. Medical and health services rial sphere, but she has also, by her Christian life have been extended, educa.tional facilities have and character, provided them with a splendid been increased, roads have been built, and com- example of Christian living. munication between the islands has been improved by the provision of wireless stations. And The great event of the celebration took place in these achievements, of which your majesty may the large public square where gathered about four be justly proud, have been effected without in any thousand school children, as well as the Royal way sacrificing the financial stability of your Guards and Band. kingdom." Then came one of the finest sights of the day- Twenty years ago, as a young girl of eighteen, the march of four thousand school children, Queen Salote Tubou succeeded to the throne of carrying Tongan flags in their hands. Tonga. During the years intervening since that time, by her wise and statesmanlike rule, her The queen then departed, and as her car passed keen, unfailing interest in the well-being of her through the lines of children, she was hailed with subjects and her many excellent personal quali- hearty cheering and the waving of flags. Even ties, she has endeared herself to the people of her after she had returned to the palace the public land. How deeply enshrined she is in their hearts enthusiasm could not be restrained. The Tubou might well be gauged by the remarkable demon- boys entered the palace grounds, followed by the stration of loyalty and affection displayed by them other schools and the general public, until a crowd on October 11 of last year, the commemoration of of several thousands had collected. Her Majesty's the twentieth anniversary of her accession. appearance on the balcony and acknowledgment were the signal for more vociferous greeting. Queen Salote is known throughout the king- -By "The Wayfarer" in The Missionary Review dom as a sincere Christian, one who not only be- (Australia) .

Story for

Tony Finds Two Friends and it seemed wonderful to Tony room where Tony lay. His broth- to be able to help. As he snipped ers and sister were standing by By VIOLET WOOD, New York off the beans he thought of the his bed and to each one the nurse "Won't you leave your chil- time when his father had worked gave a glass of milk. dren with me, Mrs. Rossetti?" in the city, while his mother the nurse at the Center invited. stayed home and took care of As Tony's mother took her them. Suddenly there had been glass she spoke excitedly to the Mrs. Rossetti turned to Tony, no more work. A friend had told boy. Tony laughed, "My mothher ten-year-old son, to interpret his father of the need for bean er says you have nets over the for her. When she understood pickers and they had packed all babies' cradles to keep the flies what the nurse had said, Mrs. their belonging$. in a truck and away just as she used to have in Rossetti shook her head and had come to this big farm. Now the city." gathered her three small chil- father was sick for he had dren about her. worked too hard the first few "Ask her to leave you all with days. me tomorrow? You can go back "You could stay, too, Tony," to the fields in a few days, but the nurse said to the boy, "and At noon Mrs. Rossetti took it would be nice if you could stay help me take care of them." out of her blouse a paper bag and here a little while. Your broth- gave them all cold biscuits for ers and sister will love it." "I gotta pick beans," respond- lunch. She and the children ed,Tony. went on picking beans as they When Tony told his mother ate. But Tony could not eat his she nodded happily, as she fin- When Tony told his mother biscuit. Something was wrong. ished her milk and went back to what the nurse had said, the lit- His head felt as if it were float- the field. tle group passed the Center and ing away. But he kept on pickwent out towards the field. Tony ing, hoping that the funny feel- The nurse brought in some noticed several women leave ba- ing would pass. He suddenly picture books for Tony. One of bies and small children at the fainted. them was a beautiful "Life of Center. He shrugged. Who knew Jesus," and, as the nurse exwhat would be done to them in When Mrs. Rossetti called for plained some of the pictures the that place! Tony's family had help two men came over and car- boy looked up suddenly, and been at the migrant camp only a ried the boy to the Center. When said: "Then I have found two few days and he had no idea of new friends today!"

the loving care, the nice lunches, the nurse came she patted Tony's Making Use of This Story the toys and the Bible stories mother on the shoulder and in a few minutes he opened his eyes that were provided for the chil- and tried to smile. "You just The plight of the migrant is not well dren of the migrant workers. lie here for a little while and enough known by many people and yet soon you'll be quite all right. it is a great social problem in Amer- Down the long lanes between I'll bring you a nice glass of milk ica. Because the parents lose their the rows of bean poles the lit- in a few minutes. Tell your legal residence by so much traveling, tle family went, snipping off the mother I would like to show her the children get insufficient food, imbeans as they moved. Every- our little home here." proper shelter, no medical and dental body helped fill the baskets. care and very little schooling. When one was filled Mrs. Rosset- Tony translated this for his ti carried it to the weigher who mother, whose eyes shone with The Council of Women for Home checked the number of pounds gratitude. Missions has Centers in many states against her name. and has done a wonderful piece of The hot sun beat down upon The nurse beckoned to Mrs. work with the children. Excellent the men, women and children Rossetti and took her into an- material on the migrant is found in working on either side of Tony other room where babies lay the pamphlet, "They Starve That We and his mother. Although many sleeping in little cradles. In an- May Eat," compiled by Edith Lowry were thirsty they could not stop other room little boys and girls, and published by the Missionary Edueven for a drink of water. Every just like her own, were playing cation Movement (35 cents.) moment of daylight counted, and together at sand tables and with if they were to make enough blocks. In one corner a teacher money to buy food they must be was reading stories to the older Questions quick. boys and girls. All the children What would you lose if you had no home, no school, no church? Tony's back ached, but he was seemed very happy. bigger than his brothers and sis- In the kitchen Mrs. Rossetti What are some of the crops that ter and he could not stop to rest. watched the nurse fill five glass- migrants gather?

He must go on like his mother. es with milk. Putting them on Are migrant workers necessary in His father lay sick in the tent a tray she carried them to the America?

[367 ]

Ways of W9rking

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home hDITED BY GRACE W. MCGAVRAN, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Enlisting a Congregation for and throb of enduring purpose as Pete and with a memorable in- they witness Christian romance scription was unveiled. The MissionEsdTuhcarotiuognh*Visual in China (yes, indeed, there is film also gives a glimpse of lep- high Christian romance in China ers' suffering, and of lepers who "Seeing is believing" is an old today, especially today), or a adage. But rich old warp woven great mass meeting of untouch- have been helped. into today's tapestries gives pat- ables in India, or a frightened At the close of the showing of terns of beauty, luster and value. African youth witness his moth- er's slow death at the hands of this film in the city church the If every Christian at home the witch doctor and his deter- pastor arose and said, "I have could visit and see the mission mination to run away and find today had a new vision of this fields, their opportunities, their the secret of the doctor who talks great work. I think everyone needs, their returns for service, and acts with love at his Christhe weaving of the pattern of tian "medicine house" in the for- of· our Sunday school classes Christ into the lives of peoples, est clearing. should have one of these pig not much time or money would banks. I suggest that all of our need to be spent on promotion A few weeks ago the film, Sunday school offering next Sunwork for Christianity. In the "A Million Dollar Pig," taken by day go to the leper work and I entanglement of threads in our nromise to find means of matchpattern here in our own land we the American Mission to Lepers, ing, dollar for dollar, all that are prone to grow discouraged, was shown in a large city church. the Sunday school gives." He feeling it improbable that there It tells the story of how a ten- felt as we had felt after visiting are other spots on the earth year-old boy, Wilbur, sad be- the many leper colonies on our where the Christ pattern is be- cause his mother had been able African way during the past ing distinctly and clearly woven. to furnish support for only nine lepers instead of ten, bought a months. If we cannot see these remote little pig with three dollars Films from mission fields are places, the next best step is to which had been given him. The have them brought to us by the children 0 f the community goingto be increasingly available medium of the motion picture- joined in feeding the pig, all the in the days ahead. The 1938 as nearly life-like a portrayal as time envisioning that pig as Africa Film Project has already can be had outside the actual bringing smiles to the face of released its first 3-Reel, 16 mm. experience. Christianity has not some weary leper. It was finally film, "Ngono and Her People." been in haste to take on this won- sold for twenty-five dollars and It movingly tells the life of a derfully convincing method, feel- the money was sent to help a typical African girl. In it one ing perhaps a worldliness about little leper boy of Siam. Out of really lives in the life of a girl of the very utterance of "movies." this experience came the idea of Africa; feels the heartache of a But at last, after the field of edu- the "pig banks," over 100,000 of ten-year-old child torn from her cation recognized why the "eye which have been distributed in mother and sent to harem life; witness" medium so grasped the America. They have brought in feels the fear of the jungle world public, Christians have over one million dollars to aid where she hides, the ,doubtful come to realize that these same the lepers of the world. Then the eyes may prove to be inlets to film shows the twenty-fifth anni- serenity in the hands of her the hearts and souls of vast num- versary of the event of Wilbur missionary rescuers, the school bers of people. Eyes that make and his pig, "Pete," as it was life, the romance of true love, hearts thrill and throb over which "never smooth did run" scenes of intrigue or love may celebrated in Wilbur's little home in Africa either, the power of also stir those hearts to the thrill town of White Cloud, Kansas. Over one thousand people there, the Christian life and all the • We are indebted to Mrs. Emory Ross including Chief White Cloud and problems it brings, as again she for this fine article. She last year accom- his tribe, honored Wilbur, now a meets the witch doctor and his panied her husband, who is pxecutive secre- successful engineer still giving wiles. As the last scene fades tary of th" American Mission to Lepers, on of himself and his money to help you feel that you have been in a trip to Africa to see many of the institu- lepers. A bronze tablet, erected Africa and you know that Christions aided by that Society. She was former- in his honor, with Wilbur and tian missions pay. You have ly a missionary in the C?n~o and .is now seen with your own eye. an active promoter of mISSIonary Interest [368 ] in America. Another six or eight films are being prepared on various phas- es of Africa, her life, her importance in the world, the impact of and explain some things which more careful showing of one? civilization upon her, the need will otherwise be without mean- Take time to slow down the ac- for Christianity to keep pace. ing. But announce that after tion where it is necessary. You Among the scenarios* are "The the first running there will be a will need to go over the film at World's Stake in Africa," "Chil- second, during which any ques- least once with the operator, be- dren of Africa," "A Day in an tions or comments may be of- fore it is shown in the program African Village," ""Bwamba"- fered. Plan time to do this, so in order to decide where the mo- (the life of a typical African that no one will have a sense of tion should be slowed, and how boy) , and "How an African being rushed. Offer to run it much. As you show it, be very Tribe is Ruled." through a third time for those sure to remark when you do so: Yes, today the home church who would like to see it again, "We will slow down at this may see the foreign field, and after the meeting has been dis- point," having explained before seeing, may she believe the more missed. hand the purpose of slowing and hasten to make the pattern Slow Motion in Using a Movie down. Otherwise you may leave Christian in those lands yet in the impression that the people the loom.-Myrta Pierson Ross. The label on the film case read, filmed are lazy or slow in their "Twenty minutes will be re- movements. quired to show this film." A Informal Use of a Movie group of people, planning to use It is needless to say that some films in their churches, had bor- films will not gain by such treat- The parents of a missionary rowed from the mission board ment. Use good judgment in dereceived, in their very ordinary ciding when to use normal speed mid-west town, a package from an entire set of five on the coun- and when not to do so. their children. It was a one-reel try the churches were studying, film, showing the missionary son and were giving a sort of pre- Remember that some projecand daughter setting up camp view so as to be able to present tors make a lot of noise. Whoin a village, taking part in a them more intelligently from ever reads the accompanying lec- time to time. They started im- ture, or prepares a talk to go church service, giving treatment mediately after lunch to have with the showing, should have a to a baby with sore eyes, walk- them run through. voice easily heard over the noise ing in their garden and romping of the machine. Nine o'clock that evening with the grandchildren who had found them reluctantly re-wind- Newer Stereopticon Pictures been mere babies the last time ing the last film. What had hapthey were home. pened? They found that while Color cameras have brought the speed required to run the into the field of stereopticon With what delight the aging film through in twenty minutes slides something a great deal parents viewed the scenes, as was quite correct for .seeing that more vivid and delightful than their beloved ones moved before which is familiar, it was too fast we have had before. Slides can them. The missionary women of to give them time to see what be made directly from the color the church, naturally, borrowed happened in scenes and actions film. No tinting of pictures with the film. The showing was made quite unfamiliar to them. They the colors running into each othinto a gala occasion. The film therefore slowed the running to er, or failing to join! Furtherwas run through once. Then a considerable extent. more, the picture-taker, instead it was run through again. Com- of having to remember that he ments and questions rose freely When that was done, they cannot count on color to do for during the showing. Whoever those who are to see the pictures had an idea as to the correct an- could actually see what was hap- what its actual presence is doswer to any question ventured pening. For example, the quick- ing for him, knows now that colit. Then they ran the film ly-run film showed a woman or, almost as he sees it, will be through again. Details that had squatting before a mud cooking- present in his film. escaped notice came to the atten- place, doing something with tion of the women now. Those That opens a much wider pospresent felt as if they had had swift capable hands. The slowed sibility for enjoyment in the use a real visit with their missionary film showed her going through of stereopticon slides on subjects and his family. of missionary interest. To be the process of handling the flat sure there are as yet few sets Are you following that proce- unleavened bread in the three which have been made by the dure when you show a film? Or simultaneous processes of mold- newer processes. But most sets are you having it shown as a ing one cake, while a second was have been vastly improved durformal part of your meeting, to searing and a third was being ing the last year or two, and they be run through once, accompa- baked among the live coals of begin to "tell a story" instead of nied by its lecture or by polite si- the fire. giving a disjointed picture of lence, immediately to be re- places and people. wound, set into its case, and sent Some parts of the film became on its travels? tedious with the slowing up, but During summer months, the the operator was soon able to picture method of becoming ac- If there is a lecture, by all speed up sections which did not quainted with the missionary means have it used. It will help show detailed action, and to slow work of the church is well worth to clear up many puzzling bits, down on those which did.

Instead of rushing through • Not yet available. two films, why not arrange a considering.

For Small Children Pictures article), was sponsored by the each and marked its location Are Best Harmon Foundation and the Af- with a red pin. rica Committee of the Foreign The flicker and movement of Missions Conference of North The study might have gone movie pictures are not any too America. "Song After Sorrow" further, but did not. To atgood for the eyes of the small is another new film which por- tempt to locate all Protestant children. Furthermore very lit- trays the magnificent work in churches in a city the size of tle of the motion pictures, de- one of the leper colonies in theirs would have taken more signed to interest and educate Africa. time than the enterprise was adults, is of value for children worth for that one study. But of pre-school age. Films like the two mentioned there, in visual form, lay the may perhaps be secured from information that, scattered all The nursery and beginner your mission board under the over their city, were many child should not, however, be same conditions as other films of churches which were working to neglected in the use of visual missionary work, or they may be make the city a more Christian education. One of the newest rented from the Harmon Foun- place in which to live. In those pieces of material, specifically dation. "Song After Sorrow," buildings, week after week, men planned for use with them, is may be rented direct from the and women and beiys and girls the picture set "Children and American Mission to Lepers, 156 gathered to study, to worship, Their Toys Around the World." Fifth Avenue, New York. and to have fellowship. It has eight pictures in color, and a leaflet with a short story Investigate the possibilities. Such a visualization of facts to go with each. This publica- Write to your mission board for gives children a real sense of tion of the Friendship Press sells information. Remember that being a part of something which for sixty cents and can be se- the number of copies of each film includes and yet is greater than cured through your denomina- is limited so that requests need their own local church group. It tional book store. to be made well in advance of the expands their horizon. It brings date desired. We know that one to their consciousness, in a way The pictures are directly re- group of films is dated up com- that mere spoken information lated to the child's interests. pletely for four months in cannot do, the realization of Each one shows a child of some advance. Others, not on the forces which are operating toother race or nation, with a toy country of the current study, day to rebuild the world in characteristic of his environ- may not require such advance Christian ways. ment. booking. Try the use of this form of visual education in the Maps, graphs and charts are This set should be part of the near future. We venture to say not to be limited to Juniors equipment of every Nursery and that you will plan to include it alone. They are good for any Beginners department. It might very definitely in your subse- age above Juniors. well be used in each child's own quent study. home. Individual pictures can Consider them for use in your then be hung in turn where the Using Maps with Juniors church or parish house lobby. Or child will enjoy them. in your meetings when you have When a Junior department five minutes to present some in- Sources for Religious and was making a study of The City, formation about missions which Missionary Movies as was suggested in the course, can best be imparted through they used their own city as the this form of visualization. The Most -of those reading these object of their study. small graphs and charts often columns are familiar with the sent out from Board headquarsources of missionary films. The The boys took a big map of ters, in materials for the inforimportant source for any church the town and mounted it on bea- mation of leaders, can easily be is its own missionary board. Ar- ver board. Starting with their enlarged to proportions such as rangements differ. Many mis- own community they set out to to make it possible for a large sionary boards loan the films discover and locate on the map group or an entire congregation free of charge, requiring only the position of the Protestant to see them. Color can be used payment of express charges both churches of their city. When to make them vivid in their enways. There is the additional they found the actual streets larged form, where only black cost of a projector which is running past their own church, and white was used in the printusually rented locally by the a red pin marked the spot on the ed form. church. map! They did the same with other churches of their neighbor- Never leave such materials The Harmon Foundation, 140 hood. Then they went further hanging for more than a week Nassau St., New York, N. Y., is afield. They secured the list of or two. You do not glance at another very important source. the churches of their own denom- that store window where the dis- Their charges are reasonable. ination in their town. What a play is the same week after Some of the Harmon Foundation surprise! Who would have week. Let your people become films have been prepared in co- guessed that in their own city accustomed to finding something operation with certain of the there were so many churches of new, fresh and worthwhile on mission boards. The Africa film, their own group? They located your display wall every week or "Ngono and Her People" (re- so. ferred to by Mrs. Ross in her

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

~======~~~==================== WITH THE MIGRANTS IN crops." It was while in "melons" family as they were growing up CALIFORNIA in Imperial that Maria had her and it took more and more and accident. According to her fa- it seemed that he made less and The bountiful state of Cali- ther: less. So at last they joined the fornia with its varying seasons, caravan of folks off to "the land luxuriant farms, and many in- "If I stay few more days to work of promise," California, to seek dustries is faced with the tre- in floods last winter and not go down their fortune. Theirs was a mendous problems. of migrant to Valley, maybe I not have the bad wreck of a car, a truck, with a people-people who trek from luck, but I go. It's cold. That day canvas over the top so that the crop to crop, starving in between our children left alone. This one, mother and children could sleep "prunes" and "cotton" because Maria, she think she make herself there and the father drove as there is never enough to go warm burning paper. She light it. many hours as he could to make around. When it is too hard to It catch her dress. This other one the trip as short as possible-it find food for three scanty meals she want to throw on water, but the took them fourteen days-a four a day, new clothes are out of the burning one, Maria, she scared, she to seven day trip in a decent car. question; and these people are so run out the door all flames till she The trip was made in the pourvery poor! fall; she fainting then. Her sweater, ing rain. They still shudder as it stops the flame from her face. She they remember the terrible ex- To help lighten their burden bur ned so bad, all over front. She in perience of losing a wheel on a and bring some necessary relief, hospital six months. Eighty-seven steep grade, and the "panthers" the Council of Women for Home skin grafts her mother give, but not that they could hear howling in Missions supports missionary much healing. I got no money, but the night, not to mention the nurses who serve these camps. hospital very good. The vallev too fiat tires that had to be fixed on Nursing and visiting the sick, hot for Maria, doctors say I must take the darkest roads. They felt that telling the story of the Gospel to Maria to where is cool; no more let- their crossing the mountains was the children, finding help here, tuce, no more melons, I go north to quite as trying as that of the eargiving help there, from dawn to 'prunes'; I take my family, and for lier "pioneers" of the covered dark they go and always leaving Maria it is cool. The doctor there wagon days. a little hope, a little comfort and say, 'you no live here,' you take Maria a great feeling of friendship. where you live. What I do? Maria They arrived during the mush- cannot live where is the heat; no room season, and, as they had Would you like to meet a few doctor where it is cool. .I feed my never had such a tasty dish they of these families who make their family? I must work. Doctor put living in crops? on one bandage, I keep Maria with me. I do all the best I know. I keep Take the family of John Wil- burn clean with feather. It no get liams-the children: Susanna, better. She seem sick; she no play born in the "grapes"; Maria, in like other children. Her dress, it hurts "melons·" ; E u p hem i a, in her burn, she walked stooped, like old "prunes" ; John, in "lettuce"; lady. We have cot just for her. We Raphael, in "nuts"; Josephine, move to 'cotton,' and you find her. She in "cotton." Truly children of afraid, she shake all over." the crops. Here there is hope expressed in his When the nurse came upon brightened countenance, he is encourthem she saw Maria walking aged, as he continues: very stooped so that her worn thin dress, her only garment, "You nurse, you find her. Her burn would not be touching her open so bad for so long; you come often, sore which covered her abdomen "ou do much for Maria. It take you and thighs. She was frightened long time, many bandages, much work as she stood before the nurse for you, but now Maria she all well. holding her dress away from her God bless you nurse ! We cannot say body with trembling fingers and how much we thank you. Now, no told her story. more cotton, we go to valley for 'let- tuce' and 'melons'; work for me, feed The family took to the road in my family. heat no hurt Maria now 1930 when the father lost his job -she well!" and joined the "Gypsies of the Then there is the White fam- ily from Oklahoma – father, mother, and four children. For ten years Mr. White had been the "handy man" in the little town that was their home. He made sixty to seventy dollars a month. That didn't keep his [371 ]

relished it more than they could cents. Forty men went out and They are healing now. The describe. Just by picking they picked one crate of spinach. druggist was afraid to undertake could have all they wanted to treatment because of the severity eat. But the season was soon A Mexican father doesn't of the burn, but the nurse over and such things are just a know what to do. He asks the "breathes a prayer" and gives memory. nurse. He explains that there is the necessary treatment for it is no more cotton to pick, and he sixty miles to a doctor, and be- A Brief Round in Camp only has beans for his family to sides there is no money. The Visiting eat. The nurse has no alterna- druggist thinks it is the "prayer" tive but to suggest "relief." The Leaving the nurse's home, we father is proud, and explains, "I that did it-healing, he thinks, go seventeen miles on good high- never ask for that in all time. I was impossible otherwise. way, then eight miles on an just move here. My wife she sick adobe road, then the last half at heart, no can work much; I On to another camp and the mile over what is supposed to sick in stomach, cannot work all road is still slippery, and it is be a road, and into the camp, time." ten miles distant. This camp is thirty cabins in all. Separated from these are some larger cab- Drive toward the foothills and built beside a canal. Here the ins-these for the "permanent" on this road there are three Council nurse spent much time, help. It is wash-day. Tubs of camps. Roads impassable in effort and energy toward solving water are being heated over fires rainy weather. It is ten miles to built outside; clothes lines the first. the problem of sanitation. The stretched between cabins filled grower was very cooperative. with clean garments of all kinds, shapes and sizes. Some families asked the camp Over one tub is a Mexican EYE CLINIC IN A MIGRANT GENTER mother, rubbing away on a washboard, and beside her is her The nurse recalls that this manager concerning the nurse's three-year-old, the youngest of camp was one of her most un- authority, and the grower issued nine. He has on two sweaters sanitary camps, so much so that and a coat, and a dark cloth tied the camp manager remarked to the order that if families did not around his head. her, "I believe these children are cooperate with the nurse that the dirtiest of all cotton camps." they would be moved out. Camp The nurse discovers that the That can't be said now. The child has a temperature. She camp manager and the campers and cabins were cleaned. Five explains that he must be kept in gamblers who had caused the bed, and she takes the child by too were most cooperative in nurse no little concern, were the hand, leads him into the cab- changing things. Health kits moved out. Order prevailed. in, the mother follows and a containing wash cloth, soap, little pallet is made in the corner The sentiment of the people of the cabin. His clothing is re- tooth-brush, and comb, were moved and he is slipped into a given to the children. whom the nurse serves is best pair of warm sleepers that the expressed by the tribute to the nurse finds among her clothing The nurse inquires. about Mr. nurse by a country doctor who supplies. That dark rag is re- Gonzales who was burned so bad- depends. on their help to bring moved from the only window in ly at Christmas, and discovers healing and health to these mithe cabin, and she explains to that he has learned that she is in grants. "So much is heard and the mother that there must be camp and is getting the "water read nowadays of organizations sunlight. The mother im't un- boiling" for her to use in dress- and agencies. doing this and that derstanding why the cloth should for the migrants, but the one not be about her child's head, be- ing the wound. He has learned cause she explains, "Baby sick that it had to boil ten minutes who does the most and the most in the head," but she is willing worthwhile thing in helping the to do as the nurse says, and does before she could use it. First migrant is the little missionary not miss a word of the nurse's and second degree burns were on nurse who rarely ever gets one instructions to "rub the child's chest four times daily with warm his left shoulder and upper arm line of printed matter concerncamphorated oil; give plenty of ing her work in the paper." water and fluids, and keep baby -he had fallen on the stove. in bed."

It is late in the cotton season, and many people are not working. Some have gone out to pick spinach but so little could be made they didn't stay. One man explained that he had made ten

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~ EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ~'================================-~~ LATIN AMERICA fered the boys. Near Saltillo, weekly broadcast of religious boys are taught in school to programs. 'A Latin American Cooperation in a Church Bell make rope, and other articles Youth Conference is planned for from raw materials they have February, 1940, in Lima, Peru. We all know about the denom- raised. They learn the art of inational cooperation am 0 n g making dyes, and using them. -Christian Century. Christian forces in Puerto Rico; At the same school, the boys of the union enterprises which farm a tract of land, raise cat- Among South American include a theological seminary, tle, hogs and bees. Indians book store, newspaper, university pastor, e~change of pulpits, Culture Missions, something The treaty signed between and other manifestations of the like an Institute, are held at in- Bolivia and Paraguay leaves the cooperative spirit; but this spir- tervals all over Mexico. For a way open for Christian work it does not end with formal en- period of ten days, five or six among pagan Indians of both terprises. When the Yauco Bap- educators meet with teachers for countries, especially in the Chatist Church, for example, had a lectures and discussion, with co area between the two. Var- 500 pound bell that would not graphs, charts and posters. Such ious indepe!ldent organizations fit its tower, and the Ensenada subjects as the cause and cure of have expanded their work among Presbyterian Church had a large eye trouble, or the digestive Bolivian Indians; while the tower but no bell, the Presby- processes, are presented. This South American Missionary Soterians bought a small bell and is work along constructive lines. ciety has completed fifty years gave it to the Yauco Baptists, of work in the Paraguayan Chawhile they in turn presented the Protestant Youth in South co. In Chile, the same mission Presbyterians with their 500 America has developed a work among pound bell. Mapuche Indians, two of whom The Protestant young people's have been ordained deacons. Rural Schools in Mexico organizations of Argentina and Uruguay held their second bien- In the Argentine Chaco, work The Federal Government has nial conference last April, with has been most encouraging. At put in operation some very prac- more than 100 delegates, repre- Easter 68 adults were baptized, tical ideas in rural education. senting seven denominations, in and a new area has been opened. Two groups of Southern Metho- attendance. There were three The Unevangelized Fields Misdist missionaries visited a num- visiting delegates from Brazil. sion has continued its pioneer ber of these rural schools last The program centered around work among Kayapo Indians of year, and their impressions are the deepening of spiritual life, Amazonia, who, it will be rereported in the World Outlook. and the challenge of the present membered, killed three mission- Almost every country school has day to young Christians. Three aries (the "three Freds") in a little store which the children things stood out: first, interest 1935. themselves manage, thus learn- in a g g res s i v e evangelism; ing how to buy and sell and order second, a passion for closer co- -International Review of Missupplies, such as pencils, tablets, operation in Christian service, sions. crayons, cookies, etc. Some have irrespective of denominational kitchens where the children differences, and a sense that After the Earthquake in Chile learn how to prepare many vari- Protestant Christians are bound eties of food. One school visited by a common loyalty to Jesus Reconstruction work is under maintained a barber shop, while Christ; finally, a desire that way in Chile, following the dispractically all of them raised Christian forces may reach out astrous earthquake, and at pressome living thing -chickens, into the realms of popular litera- ent there is a huge construction rabbits or pigeons. ture and social life. camp at Chillan, located there for months. Military authorities Nearly every school has an an- In these two republics, young have permitted Mr. William M. nual exhibit of needlework, and people's work is organized under Strong to open a center for rest there are special projects to be two national federations. Each and evangelism right in the undertaken by high school girls; publishes a religious monthly, in- heart of this vast encampment, perhaps a layette for a baby formative and well edited. For -its only place of diversion. brother, or her graduation out- several years the Argentine fedfit, while manual training is of- eration has maintained a bi- Evangelical workers were left practically unharmed by the [373 ] earthquake, says Mr. Strong. He

adds that when in 1757 half of Franco occupied Catalonia, evan- Church shall transfer the right Concepcion sank beneath the gelical churches were not inter- of the use of certain cathedrals, surface in a similar cataclysm, fered with, but it is reported that yet to be named, to the Hitler blasphemy, drunkenness and in- those in Barcelona are closed, Elite Guard for their neo-pagan decency were put aside for a though it is believed to be only ceremonies. long time; and asks if perhaps a temporary measure. a similar result will follow this All three demands were relatest catastrophe. -The Christian. fused on the ground that the Di- rectorate was not empowered to EUROPE The "Church of the Den" make any such decision. The demands were issued by the On the Montmartre, Paris Long before Wycliffe and chief of police over the head of Hus were born, the Waldenses the State's church minister, who The Tabernacle Church on the preached the Gospel which re- is reported to have fallen into Montmartre has a corps of de- formers afterward taught in disfavor among the radical elevoted workers. M. Charlet, an Europe. A few months ago a ment of the government; a reevangelist, was a merchant, a group of British tourists visited port that is coupled with the Parisian skeptic, whom God the great cavern known as "the statement that the "Gestapo" called to the ministry of preach- church in the den.". During the (secret police) are sick and tired ing. Andre Fune is son of a time of the persecution of the of the whole church business. French farmer, who is working Waldenses this cavern was used at real financial sacrifice with as a secret place for worship and Encouragement in the Ukraine his wife, a registered nurse. In study of the Bible. Access to it 1925 a young Swiss engineer, Al- is obtained by crawling through September 25, 1938, was the fred Escher, gave up a career to a narrow tunnel formed in the 950th anniversary of the foundserve this mission church. Fif- long past by a terrific upheaval, ing of the Ukrainian Lutheran teen Hollanders have found when the great rocks fell into Church. At that time a Harvest Christ in these meetings. M. the position which they occupy Festival was celebrated in Stan- Jacques Blocher, trained in the today. From the tunnel one islau, when people came from University of Paris and in the emerges into an immense nat- every direction, by wagon, train Bible Institute, Minneapolis, is ural cathedral, the only shaft of or on foot. All Evangelical Luanother worker. M. and Mme. light coming through an aper- therans participated in a com- Dumesil sold their property at ture in the roof. In this spot munion service, creating a pro- Dieulefit to serve as unpaid vol- hallowed by the prayers of mar- found impression upon all those unteers. M. Memmert came in tyrs a feeling of awe came over present. The Stanislau pastor, 1933 after careful preparation the visitors-a feeling that ex- Rev. Theodore J arczuk, writes in the Bible school of Pastor tended to the muleteers who had of the victories of the Gospel of Saillens at Nogent-sur-Marne guided them to it. They rever- Christ among these people: "The and in Glasgow. This does not ently removed their hats upon results of this Harvest Festival exhaust the list. entering. One of them ap- led to arrangement for a similar proached the leader of the tour- service for the Reformation An effective agency is the Gos- ist party and said, hesitantly, Festival on October 2:0. Attenpel poster; 500 of these have "If Monsieur prayed?" And so, dance was even greater. Those been put up in Paris and sub- with bowed heads and hearts up- who passed the chapel were asurbs. Many persons have bought lifted to the Saviour of all, Eng- tonished at the crowd of people, copies of the Scriptures as a re- lish, Irish and Italian, each and said: 'These Lutherans besult. Sometimes professional praised Him there for the past, lieve in God.' The Festival conbill pOosters tear them down; and asked His help in the future cluded with the singing of 'A sometimes unexpected results for the Waldensian Church. Mighty Fortress Is Our God.' In are produced in connection with many different ways the work other posters. For example, a Confessional Church Crisis was advanced." poster announcing a grand ball, had this significant addition at- Three new demands made on Pastor J arczuk writes further: tached: "And after it is over?" the Confessional Church by the Most of this work is done by the German chief of police, Hein- It has long been the custom of young people of the Tabernacle. rich Himmler, indicate that the Lutheran Ukrainians to worship on struggle between the Church and Epiphany at the bank of a river, in -So S. Times. State is nearing a decisive phase. commemo"ation of the preaching of These demands, as reported by John the Baptist at the River Jordan. Gospel Work in Spain the New York Times, were: 1. A few months ago such a service was The Confessional Church shall held on the banks of the Dniester. Reports vary considerably in relinquish its claim to a share of The crowd was constantly augmented, regard to the prospects for evan- the church tax. 2. The Confes- the nearer it came to the river. From gelical work in Spain, now that sional Church shall surrender its all neighboring villages came the folthe war has ended. Protestant status as a corporation of pub- lowers of the Gospel and the curious. churches are permitted to open lic right. 3. The Confessional At the place where the service was to in some centers, in others they be held, thousands of persons had alremain closed. When General ready gathered, listening with the greatest interest to every word of the service. Among those present were some who had come to disturb the serv-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ice. From the other side of the river at Memia, found no sale for her to work with God in the planta group of agitators came across in a pictures and turned to fruit cul- ing and working of their garboat. As they were crossing one of ture, finally gave that up also; dens.-American Board News. their number cried out: "Either I and offered her home to the Miswill throw the Lutheran pastors into sion. There was no money to "Separatist" Groups the water or will drown myself." But buy, but she agreed to rent and when the service began they listened, now the Mission is established These religious. groups in the and the longer they listened the more there. Union of South Africa number attentive they became. Soon the an- over 500, ilccording to official ger faded; they took off their caps The entire Bible is available figures. Similar movements are and began to nod approvingly. At in Kabyle; portions have been found in other parts of Africa. the close of the service the young man put into the Berber dialects of Whatever may be the underlywho avowed that he would throw us Morocco. So far, the Scriptures ing cause of the rise of these into the water joined our brethren and are almost the only literature in sects, they are hindering the began to make known his sympathy. these dialects. spiritual growth of the African Church. In general, the separa- AFRICA School in Elephant Land tist groups are formed by those who are moved by personal am- The "Book of Manne'rs" Children from the kraals of bition or who wrongly interpret southern Rhodesia attend schools the Scriptures; by those who are Mrs. E. M. Bailey, of the which are merely thatched roof seeking to avoid discipline or United Presbyterian Mission at sheds, and these are often de- have been disciplined by the rec- Minia, Egypt, writes that one stroyed by herds of roaming ele- ognized churches. Sometimes the of the most encouraging things phants. In these so-called "light movements spring from reasons that has happened in the Chris- houses" it costs about $1.40 which are racial or political, or tian school in a long time is the apiece to give the children an from the hope that in the ecclesivoluntary request of some of the elementary education, and is astical sphere the African will graduates for a special Bible their only chance to secure one. be able fo obtain a freedom of class. They are now in a gov- Of this sum, the government action which is denied him in ernment secondary school and supplies 68 cents, the American the political. Owing to the high they find there an atmosphere of Board contributes 30 cents and proportion of illiteracy among profanity and rudeness very dif- the pupil must somehow find the the rank and file of the African ferent from the Christian school other 42 cents, and also buy his people it is always possible for where they grew up. They are books. This would barely sup- a leader of strong personality, coming on a free afternoon to ply movie tickets for the Amer- by specious promises to carry study the Bible and have brought ican child, but we read of one numbers of people with him into several of their new Moslem lad who walked six miles.. each the body which he forms. schoolmates with them. One of way, to cut grass for six cents them, when the Bibles were a day; sold tomatoes from his -Congo Mission News. brought out, asked what they mother's tiny garden, and finally, were. A Moslem girl from last to complete the 42 cents walked WESTERN ASIA year's graduating class replied: six miles with a bunch of bana- "That's the book we get our man- nas on his head to sell them for a Another Side of Palestine ners out of." few cents. Picture Among the Berbers In the same section of Africa It is heartening to sight some there is conducted each year an islands in the sea of trouble Monsieur Warren, of the Paris interesting ceremony called "The which is Palestine. One is what Evangelical Missionary Society, Seed and Hoe Consecration has been described as a "boom" has recently visited the stations Service," a blending of long es- in Christian education. The of the North Africa Mission in tablished African custom and C. M. S. Girls' School at Amman Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. Christian practice. Men, women has the confidence of prominent In The Link he describes the and children come with seeds Moslem families, and is looking curious Berber villages of flat- and hoes. The pastor recalls how toward a boarding department roofed houses, reminiscent of the the people would bring grain to for village girls. The Bishop's adventure of the spies in Jericho the chief to be blessed so that it School for Boys in the same (for Berber tradition has it that might be productive. "Here," town is becoming a cultural centhe Berbers are the descendants he points out, "we are bringing ter, and pupils of the different of Canaan's inhabitants, driven grain and hoes to God for His communities are mixing without out by Joshua). This sturdy blessing on our work." At Chik- strain in these schools. A race is not deeply grounded in ore, Rev. Frank T. Meacham re- marked increase of interest in Mohammedanism, and therefore ports that the Community Dem- social work is noted; large nummore or less open to the Gospel. onstrator spoke on the parable bers of the elder boys and girls More than fifty years ago, the of the Sower and then represent- volunteered to teach in daily vafounder of the North Africa atives of the congregation stood cation Bible schools during the Mission was interested in them, before the altar and repeated a summer holidays, and took a but the door was not open for pledge consecrating themselves deep interest in the thousand or evangelization. Years later, an English lady-artist built a home

more children who attended the taught that there is no God, no tees. An interesting experiment score of schools held. use in prayer, and that educated calculated to abolish purdah was people have ceased to be be- the formation of a "family cir- Christian medical work stands lievers. cle" in one constituency, with a out. There is a new hospital at view to promoting inter-commu- Es Salt, and a small temporary On the other hand, there is nal friendship and inculcating a clinic is at work in Jerash. Other developing a more open-minded healthy sense of freedom among hospitals and dispensaries report attitude towards many matters, the sexes, and to encourage increasing work. It seems cer- including religion; and although sport. tain that the spirit of Christ is there is no wide-open door for at work, and new hope has arisen Gospel preaching in Turkey, the Thus Hindu, Mohammedan, that the land sacred to three re- evangelist can get a hearing if Sikh, Parsee and Christian womligions may again become a land there is no suspicion that his en are cooperating for the uplift of peace. message has any political bear- of India's Women. . -International Review of Mis- ing. There is a free field for -Women's Missionary Maga- the circulation of Christian liter- sions. ature; and the Scriptures, which zine. have been published in Latin Palestine After Eighteen Years script, are selling readily. In Soviet Combats Missions the Istanbul area it has been Moses Bailey, writing in The found that the establishment M The Bombay Press Service re- American Friend, describes the small, scattered prayer groups ports': changes he observed in Palestine among the members of the Evanwhen he returned after an ab- gelical and Oriental churches has The Soviet Russian Godless League sence of 18 years. Better roads, served to strengthen and encour- has decided to establish international more land under cultivation, in- age them in life and witness. schools in Moscow to train propacreased orange groves, shade ganda experts to combat the missiontrees, irrigation systems, modern -International Review of Mis- ary work of the Christian Church in ways of doing things, were su- sions. the colonies, especially the humanitarperficial changes first noted. Per- ian and cultural work. Indians, Nehaps the tremendously increased INDIA AND BURMA groes and Arabians will be among the hatred, fear and economic insta- candidates to be trained in these bility might also be signs of Years of Progress :schools. modernity. In the midst of all this it is difficult to train boys The All-India Women's Con- The Bulletin adds: and girls for a useful life. Fiery ference is the acknowledged adnationalists' idea of education is vocate of the women of India, According to information received to have their wits sharpened the without any distinction of creed, in London, special propaganda cambetter to supplant their oppo- caste or class. It has a mem- paign for British India is announced nents. bership of over 8,500. At its by the Riga press bureau of the God- 13th session, about 200 delegates less League. The campaign includes, Mr. Bailey finds two outstand- were in attendance. The criti- among other things, the scattering of ing attributes in the Arab mind: cism that the Conference was 10,000 Russian atheists throughout a genius for friendship and a only for ladies of leisure was re- India. keenness for hard study, not futed, for the delegates were surpassed in any other race, so mostly teachers, doctors and oth- The same facts have been notfar as he has observed. Friend- er workers. ed in European papers. liness and ability form a combination that can go far. There The work of the conference Plea for Economy are two disadvantages, however, during the past year has been as Mr. Bailey sees it; religion, constructive and extensive. Pub- The Soc i a I Reconstruction whether Christian or Moslem, is lic opinion has been enlightened Committee of the American materialistic; and the fact that as to divorce, polygamy and the Marathi Mission presented to the the Arab feels first and thinks legal disabilities of women. Ag- Annual Meeting of the Council afterward; this makes them a ricultural improvement and a recommendation on family fertile field for the demagogue. home industries, such as leather problems, among them the ex- work, clay modeling and needle- travagant marriage c u s tom s Materialism in Turkey work, have been organized in prevalent in the Indian Chris- several centers. Considerable tian community. It was urged The westernization of Turkey attention had been paid to ma- that all Indian Christians and goes on apace; so much so that ternity and child welfare, and especially mission workers armissionaries are saying that it is clinics providing free medical range only simple and inexpennot primarily Mohammedanism, treatment, and in some cases sive weddings, without giving but materialism with which they free milk and clothing, had been dinners to the community, or have to deal. In many govern- established at some centers. The spending money on bands, on ment schools there is not only insanitary condition of certain processions, on lights or on rich no religious. and moral teaching schools and mill areas had been clothing for bride, bridegroom given, but distinct anti-religious tackled by a few health commit- or relatives; and without borteaching. The children are rowing any money for the occa- sion. To encourage those who would prefer to arrange wed- dings within their means, but who yield to the pressure of so- cial opinion, it was recommended

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

that Christians should not attend reminded of it by one of the augurate a New Life Movement, extravagant wedding festivities. women, a fact in itself encour- with the following objectives as aging. So a meeting was called their goal: It was further recommended to plan the campaign, and in- that all mission schools and in- stead of the six women expected, No filth in the house or around it. stitutions should introduce prac- eighteen presented themselves Every Christian wear clean clothes. tical projects which through ex- for Instructions. No debts contracted through mar- perience will teach all students riage, and workers the value of money The women were divided into No excessive interest. and how to use it; and will also groups of three or four, and each No expensive feasts. definitely discourage them from group was assigned a definite All disputes settled out of court. going into debt. number of homes to visit; thus Punctuality, all the homes in one village were Cleansing of tobacco from personal -Dnyanodaya. visited in an afternoon. In two and social life. homes the workers were asked No liquor. Bhil Christians to pray; those who asked for Adoption of a salutation-folding this said they had faith, but to hands and saying namascaram. The story of Christian Work accept Christ openly was a dif- At least one-tenth to Church, Chris- among the Bhils goes back to ferent matter. tian work and charity. the year 182'8, when a British Wiping out the remnants of caste. officer, an earnest Christian, was Mrs. Whitcomb went with a Family devotions every day. in charge of Rajputana, and in different group each day, and No recreation that cannot be taken his administration of the district was deeply moved by the ear- in the name of the Lord Jesus. prayed for the day when these nestness of these women in giv- A cooperative in every village people might hear the Gospel. ing their testimony. Their spirit (Kagawa method), But it was not until 1878 that of good will was contagious, and Wiping out of illiteracy. steps were taken to found a Mis- great benefit came to the work- Cottage industries in every home. sion among these aboriginal ers themselves, for they con- tribes. The C. M. S. put an ap- trasted the hopelessness of the -National Christian Council peal in the church papers for a villagers with the blessings of Review. missionary to go to the Bhil Christianity. country, and two years later a CHINA young recruit went out. After -Outlook of Missions. ten years of uphill work, results A Visitor's Impressions began to appear, and by 1892 Political Advance Helps there was a small Bhil Christian Evangelism A traveler visiting nine out- Church. Coming down to 1939, stations and one main station how has this Mission fared? A A writer in the Missionary of the China Inland Mission, re- recent report says that churches Herald argues that the obstacle marks that three things im- have been .established in nine to progress represented by finan- pressed her especially: the ear- main centers with a total mem- cial retrenchment will turn into nestness of the women, their de- bership of 1047. Schools have a stepping stone to indigenous s,ire to learn and their extreme been opened and there are now evangelization, and the steady poverty. In every place women over 500 pupils in them. building up of an indigenous walked from one to four miles church, because of the political in the early morning, bringing There is also a well developed development of the past year or just a few pieces of dry bread medical work. Presbyterians two. India has taken a long for the noon meal, and would sit have a mission among the same stride toward independence, and on hard benches all day study- people, and many thousands have from now on is ruling herself as ing a hymn, memorizing a bit been baptized in the last few never before; so also she is be- of Scripture, struggling over a years. ginning to realize that she must few characters. When the last also evangelize herself. This is meeting was over they would The work is quiet and inten- the trend of India's Christian trudge back 3 to 8 l~-not only s i ve; sporadic persecution movement; self-government not complaining, but pathetically . breaks out from time to time, but must be paralleled by self evan- grateful for the privilege of the missionaries carryon faith- .gelization. coming. Wind, cold, heat, in no fully the activities of schools, way deterred them, and they hospital, evangelism and pastor- In the light of this conclusion, s,eemed never to tire of meetings, al care. -C. M. S. Outlook. the United Theological College seldom less than two hours long. of Western India is redoubling They have a very real faith. and Women Volunteers its efforts to supply a trained to listen to their stories of an- ministry, and thus do a work of swered prayer is impressive. For some years at Baitalpur, strategic importance for India's Many are in direst economic it has been the custom for Chris- future. straits, yet not one asked for tian women to volunteer for financial help; many eve n evangelistic service in the neigh- Indian "New Life Movement" brought gifts of eggs or sweet boring villages. Mrs. E. W. potatoes to the Mission. Whitcomb who went to Baital- As an outcome of the Mara- pur after furlough knew noth- mon Conference, Christians of The visitor mentions the prev- ing of this custom, but was Travancore have decided to in- alence of demon possession. One saw and heard much of the pow- ers of darkness. In one instance

two Christian workers knelt for now is to institute a movement tians gave cause for alarm, as it two hours beside the afflicted for socialized reform compatible extended to local shops and even person in continuous prayer be- with the aspirations of all pro- necessary food was unobtainable fore release was finally given. gressive people. Portraits of for a time, but happily normal Lenin ruld Stalin have been re- conditions have been resumed. -China's Millions. placed by those of Sun Yat-sen One unfortunate result was the and Chiang Kai~shek. This has apostasy of a whole family of Reveals War Conditions been amply corroborated by oth- Christians with the exception of ers who know China; and this one of its members; and this cir- The Presbyterian Mission in destroys the point of J apanes.e cumstance was the more painful Peiping received the following assertion that they are fighting since the head of that family had letter in Chinese, written by an bolshevism. professed Christianity for nearevangelist living 30 miles outside ly forty years. of Peiping. This is the trans- Future of Medical Missions lation: More Gospels are entering Dr. K. C. Wong, Secretary of Tibet than ever before. Last Do not turn your face away from the Council of Medical Missions, year, with the financial support this my letter. But incline your ear says that of 217 mission hospi- of the National Bible Society of to your evangelist, a man filled with tals 81 were (in March) in "oc- Scotland, an adventurous jour': grief. Since my eyes last saw you I cupied areas," 82 in "fighting ney of two months was underhave been as a tree without leaves. I zones" and but 54 in "free Chi- taken by two evangelists who rehave suffered from one new moon to na." A survey made some ported the acceptance of hunthe other. The church members have months earlier showed that of dreds of copies of the Gospel. passed through four calamities: war, 34 mission hospitals in east Chibanditry, flood and famine. In this na 11 had been bombed or de- During the first three months our country there is no law, there is stroyed, 12 had been damaged of its existence, the "Gospel no peace. Bandits entered our town. or looted, 7 were "occupied" and Inn," of which mention has been They came with big shouting, they left 4 were closed. Since this re- made in these columns, more in clouds of black smoke. As a whirl- port some have been recovered than 800 travelers and pilgrims, wind they went over the land. Spoil- and opened, but almost every 700 ponies, yaks and donkeys ing and violence was before them. At week one or more has been dam- found shelter and more than 2'00 random they killed young and old. aged or destroyed. patients were treated for minor And they considered it but nothing to ailments. A capable Bible womrope seventy of our men together and Dockors and nurses are sadly an and her husband are in throw them into the river. In a well overworked, with most of their charge of the Inn. Beside the near our church twenty-eight women Chinese staff gone. However, daily Gospel talk, each lodger reand girls found death in escape from European refugees have ren- ceives a tract, or buys a Gospel their hands. Young Mrs. Wang, the dered ass,istance. So overwhelm- before he leaves. A public liwife of him who tends the sick in the ing are immediate demands that brary and reading room have mission hospital, was one of them, there has been no time to plan been established, where daily also Mrs. Yang and her daughter, for the future. Relief funds will papers and magazines are availwhom you know. In wartime life is not last forever; doctors cannot able. Another plan to extend the truly cheap. The iniquity of our time run one-man hospitals indefinite- usefulness of the Inn is that of is fiercer than evening wolves. The ly with from 100 to 200 clinical opening a grocery, where tired bandits trampled down the harvest, patients daily besides their in- pilgrims may buy such necessiburned our homes, kidnapped the girls, patients. Before the war many ties as tea, butter, flour and keroand plundered the stores. They took of these hospitals were practical- sene. Judging from the extent away our donkeys and drove our pigs ly self-supporting but for the to which this has been used, the before them. missionaries' salaries. Now the new venture is a success. supporting constituency has fled. Thou, Shepherd-teacher, will re- -Moravian Missions. member how the people used to sing 'One conspicuously efficient as taught at the evangelistic meetings. hospital recently was approached JAPAN -CHOSEN Now everyone is quiet. The men look by the Japanese to rent or to worried, the women have forgotten sell the plant to them, and it is Christianity Gets Official how to smile. For many, death seems reported that a refusal will be Status more desirable than life. A great met by the challenge of a new many have no home, no clothing, no hospital designed far to outshine The 74th Japanese Diet has remoney. 0, thou who art safe out of the mission institution. cently passed all the 89 bills inthis spot of calamity, incline thine ear troduced, not one being rejected and knit the little thread of our hope -The Christian Century. or even altered materially. The into a rope of victory. enactment of the "Religious In Western Tibet Bodies Bill," which in one form -Evangelical Christian. or another has for 40 years been Rev. Walter Asboe, Moravian a bone of contention in legisla- What About the Communists? missionary, reports both encour- tive circles, may have great or agement and disappointment in little significance for Christian- One who has lived long in Chi- the Tibet field. A severe boycott ity depending on what happens na, in a personal letter to a of missionaries and native Chris- in other respects. While acfriend, throws light on a question often asked: Is China going "red"? This writer says that Chinese communists have abandoned many of their ideological concepts, originating in Russia, and much of their violence ; they are now Chinese, first and foremost; their aim

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

knowledging the right to reli- anese laymen and of mission- and surgical work is done by one gious freedom guaranteed by the aries; one half are to be chosen foreign and one Korean doctor. constitution, the bill puts all re- from eastern Japan, and one ligious organizations under the half from western Japan. In 1938, the company spent regulation of the Ministry of over 60,000 yen for this medical Education. Creedal positions and Large Bible rallies in Tokyo service. There were treated in forms of worship must be ac- and Osaka give evidence of a de- the wards, dispensary and the ceptable to the authorities; ad- termined spirit in this move- surrounding villages more than ministrative, legal and property ment. -Bible Society Record. 40,000 patients (this is a record affairs must conform to regula- of treatments-not different pations, and all changes must be Chinese Y. M. C. A. Suppressed tients) . There were more than promptly reported. 400 major operations. Of the The Tokyo correspondent for treatments more than 10,000 Some Christians say that the The Christian Century made a were for outsiders. No charge new bill merely legalizes condi- visit to the parts of the city is made to anyone, but patients tions long in force; that Chris- where formerly many Chinese not employed by the company tianity is now specifically recog- resided and where the Y. M. must pay for their own drugs nized as one of Japan's' three C. A. and other cultural institu- and operating material. The accepted faiths, hence prejudice tions sought to serve those from company has never been known on the part of petty officials can the Celestial Kingdom. Chinese to refuse to send their doctor to no longer be a handicap; that are there still, but both Chinese distant villages to see seriously the new legal status accorded and Christian institutions as sick Koreans. both denominations and local such have disappeared. There communions will prove of advan- was a great exodus of Chinese -Korean Mission Field. tage in penetrating conservative students from Japan in the sumand bigoted regions; and that mer of 1937. Now hundreds of What Medicine Has Done for the bill will discourage the devel- Chinese youths are again com- Chosen opment of superstitious faiths of ing to Tokyo for study-this all sorts. The danger of state time from the occupied regions To form a correct appreciaregulation is minimized. of China. But who now will tion of the part played by medi- help them as did the Y. M. and cine in the regeneration of Ko- -Christian Century. Y. W. C. A. and the churches in rea, says Dr. O. R. Avison, one the days when Sun Yat-sen, Chi- must know what were the con- "Nippon Seisho Kyokwai" ang Kai-shek and C. T. Wang ditions when Protestant missions were occasional sojourners there entered the country in 1884. This is the name of the Japan and had many friends in Tokyo Even forty years ago, practical- Bible Society, recently organ- interested not in the politics but ly everybody was pock marked. ized. It marks another step in in the souls of these youthful All children were expected to the cooperative plans of the seekers after truth? have smallpox before the age of older Bible Societies, and reveals two; so many of them died that the courageous way the younger Medical Work in Mines mothers thought it hardly worth churches are rising to increased while to count a child as a memresponsibilities. One of the Th e Oriental Consolidated ber of the family until he had things that stood out clearly at Mining Company in Korea is survived this disease. An epithe Madras Conference was the known as the American Mines. demic of Asiatic cholera was exfact that these younger churches Its president from the beginning pected every five or six years. have made great strides. Many until he died in 1927 was Henry Both diseases were attributed to of them have grown up in lands C. Perkins of New York who, the power of demons. There was where Christianity was unknown throughout his life, had a deep no knowledge at all of sanitaless than two hundred years ago. interest in the lives of the min- tion ; vermin were abundant; ers and their families, one evi- excrement from human beings Many Japanese Christian lead- dence being the maintenance of infected with all sorts of intesers have been concerned that the medical care for these workers. tinal parasites was used as fer- Scriptures in use in Japan bore tilizer, and raw vegetables eaten the imprint of foreign Bible So- Much could be said of the gen- unwashed, or washed in polluted cieties; and after a number of eral policies of this company; water. Flies had access to conconferences of representatives how it has never been in the taminated places, and to good; of the foreign societies and their courts, has always paid at least mosquitoes were uncontrolled. Japanese advisory committees, a one yearly dividend; never fluc- Those ill with contagious disconstitution was drawn up and tuated prices nor padded its re- eases were not isolated. ratified last October. The essen- ports, but there is space only to tial objectives are the same as speak of the medical work. The One day Dr. Avison was walkthose of Western societies: the company maintains a little hos- ing outside the city gate when translation, publication and dis- pital with room for 25 to 30 in- he saw a strange sight-the tribution of the Scriptures, with- patients. Through a dispensary corpse of a child that had died out note or comment. The gov- and clinic connected with the of smallpox. Here was an operning body is composed equally hosuital 75 or more patients go portunity to pit the strength of of Japanese ministers, of Jap- daily except Sundays. Medical vaccination against the power of

a demon, if only he could be al- and have no Christian influence. from the war scene in Spain, or lowed to try. At first, all offers There are about 4,000 Japanese again it might fit the picture of were refused. Finally, a Chris- Christians living in Formosa. a Jewish refugee group on the tian mother agreed to let him see One hopeful sign for the future border of Czechoslovakia. But what he could do. Her child is the keenness and activity of no, it happened in the U. S. A.; passed its second year and then the Christian youth in Formosa. the pitiful procession was made its third without taking small- up of "sharecroppers" in Mispox; after that other mothers -International Review of souri, evicted from their shanwere anxious to try the new way. Missions. ties because, allegedly, landown- This incident opened the door to ers wished to change from tendisease prevention, and in time In Netherlands Indies ants to day laborers. the government made vaccination compulsory. Today, small- . The first Christian book in One More Poll Needed pox is rare. Javanese, other than the Bible, appeared in 1938. It is a child's We have "had plenty of "polls." -Korea Mission Field. Life of Christ entitled "The King Weare asked how we shall vote of Love." It originally appeared in 1940; even personal habits ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC in Arabic, then in Urdu, then are inquired into, so that we Persian. Christian work among know how everybody feels; but "For Value Received" young people in both Java and why not have a poll as to what Sumatra is being steadily pro- the churches intend to do about Filipino Christians are assum- moted. Annual conferences and the missionary enterprise? ing more and more responsibil- a Christian newspaper are some Would it not be possible to ask ity for work, which a few years of the means used. Autonomous 100,000 people in typical churchago had to be done, if at all, by churches are to be found in dif- es some such questions as: the missionaries. For example, ferent areas of the Indies, but in the wife of a Filipino professor some sections missionary work (1) Do I really believe that Jesus at Silliman University is teach- is forbidden by the government; started the missionary method, and ing music while the missionary in northern Sumatra and in Bali, believed that. His Gospel would evenhead of the department is absent for example, but Christians from tually win the world? on furlough. "Don't worry about other localities settle in these salary," she said. "Silliman gave areas, bringing their faith and (2) Do I really believe that my anme my education, and if I can witness with them. The fact cestors received civilization and every be of service I shall be glad." that now for the first time in uplifting ideal they possessed through One of the assistant professors Borneo the Asiatic ministry of Christian missionaries? Clearly this has started a flourishing cooper- the Church exceeds the Euro- seems true, and how anyone can doubt ative in Dumaguete; while an pean holds out hope for the fu- our obligation to share similar lifeinstructor is teaching local farm- ture. giving and level-lifting Christian ers how to make better use of ideals is beyond understanding. their resources. Still another -International Review of goes regularly to the small Missions. (3) Despite taxes, losses, fears, but churches to help with the music. admitting most of us still live in com- NORTH AMERICA fortable homeR and eat thrice a day, -Monday Morning. do I really believe that an annual per Where Did This Happen? capita gift of fifty cents per member Christianity in Formosa in our denomination proves our part- Last January the New York nership in a progressive and victori- Restrictions have been placed Times published a news story ous enterprise like winning a world on Christian work in Formosa, from which the paragraph be- for the Gospel of Christ? as elsewhere in the Japanese low is taken. Missions reprinted empire. Efforts have been made it and asked its readers to guess (4) Do I really believe that our to force all Formosan household- what part of the world the story missionaries exert important influers to set up miniature Shinto came from. ences for world peace, and that shrines, and neglect to do so has through them we are aidinp.: in the led to trouble in some districts. Along two highways more than progress of the Kingdom of God? This order is as unacceptable to 1,000 men, women and children non-Christians as to Christians, camped in the open air. They hud- -American Board News. since the former regard the sub- dled around camp fires, or makeshift stitution of new emblems for old stoves, along desolate rights of way, "Temperance Trailer" as destroying their own ances- sharing the contents of huge steaming tral religion. kettles. The number of camps was A "Temperance Trailer," still growing at nightfall as new- sponsored by the Friends' Tem- In 1936, the Canadian Mission comers straggled in on foot, or in perance Association of Philadelwithdrew from the Tansui Mid- dilapidated vehicles. The camps dot- phia, has made a transcontidle, and Girls' Schools in For- ted the road all the way to the border nental tour of over 10,000 miles, mosa, because of government re- line. Men feeble with age, one woman stopping in more than a hundred quirement in regard to shrine so ill that she had to be carried on a towns in twenty-eight states, and attendance. These schools are cot, and babies crying from fright and carrying a temperance message now under local management, hunger, added to the distressing pic- to over 150,000 persons. The ture. trailer is fitted out with various exhibits, including a "drunko- It might describe the plight meter," designed to dramatize of the Chinese; it might come the dangers of alcohol. Tem- perance lectures are given, and questions from the audience are

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

answered by the crew of three. missing from my daily life. In which he demonstrates the pos- There has been no acrimonious that immortal masterpiece of sibility of the miraculous by scidebate, or hostility. literature I find new inspiration. entific analogy. Up to March, That is why the Holy Bible is many thousands had listened to -The American Friend. my favorite book." these demonstrations; sometimes the lectures start thirty minutes Immanuel Mission to Seamen -Lutheran News Bureau. early because the auditorium is jammed. The audiences are Laden with Scripture por- Organization Changes Name about ninety per cent untions, workers of Immanuel churched. There have been defi- Mission to Seamen enter cabins The "International Save the nite conversions. A San Franand crews' quarters on vessels Children Fund," as this agency cisco daily observes that these of all types and nationalities has been called since its organ- lectures leave the audience less along the Pacific Coast. Oppor- ization in 1931, is now to be cock sure of their own wisdom, tunity to read at sea, the absence known as the "Save the Children and with a feeling that the mirof opposition and a lack of di- Federation." The President, acles of the Bible are not so imversion ensure a friendly recep- Dr. John R. Voris, says that the possible as they had supposed. tion for these workers. The name Federation is adopted be- Alaska salmon fleet carries a cause this is a movement, or as- Institutions Closed mixed group of Americans, Chi- sociation, and the name "Fund" nese, Italians, Scandinavians, no longer describes its functions, Because of financial strin- Mexicans and Filipinos. They as it did in the beginning. Drop- gency the Presbyterian Board. beg for reading matter, for ping the word "International" is of National Missions has voted Alaska is almost a spiritual of no significance, except to to close three of its institutions: wilderness. shorten the name. The Federa- the American Indian Institute, tion will continue to maintain Wichita, Kansas; Ingleside-Fee Malay and Javanese Scrip- relationship with the Save the Institute, Burkeville, Virginia; tures find their way to the crews Children International Union of and Brainerd Institute, Chester, of Dutch East Indies boats, and Geneva, of which the fund has South Carolina, in the Negro. Spanish booklets are used with been the American member ever field. All three have been givgreat blessing on various ships since its founding. The question ing splendid service, but their coming in to San Francisco from of changing the title of the agen- discontinuance was the only al- Puerto Rico. American liners cy has been under consideration ternative to a general retrenchsailing across the Pacific are for more than two years. Effort ment, which would have crippled supplied with Bible portions and has been made to find a still the entire program of the Board.. booklets. For a period of more shorter name.-The Churchman. than 24 years this work has been At the same meeting at which carried on among seamen. The Radio as a Missionary this decision was made it was Voice voted that the new hospital be- -Scripture Gift Mission ing erected to replace the over- Bulletin. The "Lutheran Hour," a Sun- crowded Brooklyn Cottage Hos- day afternoon coast – to – coast pital at Dixon, N. M., be named The Bible in the CCC broadcast, can claim a mission- the Embudo Presbyterian Hospi- ary bearing. Dr. Walter A. tal; and that the staff home be When CCC boys were asked Maier, of the Concordia Semi- called the Brooklyn-Nassau Cottheir preference in reading mate- nary Faculty in St. Louis, who tage. Embudo will be the post rial, a large majority indicated broadcast over 66 stations from office address of the new hospithat the Bible is their favorite October to Easter Sunday has tal. The name of the staff home book. The reasons given for this been heard by sailors on the high is the Board's expression of appreference were varied, but first seas, by isolated men in lumber preciation for the continued prize, if one had been awarded, and mining camps in the north interest of Brooklyn – Nassau would go to Wayne Berkshire of woods, by distinguished person- Presbyterial Society in this Company 793, Hill City, S. Da- ages high in the business, pro- project. kota, for the following reply: fessional and social life of the "My favorite book is the Holy nation – by a vast audience Indians Set Example Bible. Why? Because it is my whose number can be estimated mother's and my own wish that only from the tremendous num- In proportion to their means, I develop a more wholesome, sin- ber who send in their comments, the Sioux Indians give more for c ere and faithful religion. totaling 133,000 last season. the promotion of Christian activ- Through the Bible and, of course, ities than any other church the Church, I am striving to Treasure Island Gospel Project members anywhere. Once they reach that goal. I have discov- were the fiercest, most war-like ered and constantly rely upon Mention has been made of the of all North American Indians. the magic powers of prayer when San Francisco Christian Busi- They were the ones who wiped in trouble, in doubt, and at the ness Men's presentation of the out General Custer and his cavclose of every day. If I could Gospel at the Golden Gate Expo- aIry; now, every member of the not have access to the Bible each sition through Irvin Moon's tribe is a professed Christian, day, I would feel that something "Sermons from Science," in important and necessary was

All of them are peaceful farm- MISCELLANEOUS Persia …………….. . 40,000 ers. 40,000 Fifty Years-Past and Future Brazil …………….. . 24,141 A few years ago when grass- 23,553 hoppers and drouth practically United Presbyterian young India ……………… . 20,000 ruined farmers, many church people have been celebrating fif- Australia ………….. . 19,850 people advocated withdrawal ty years of organized work in from the South Dakota field, but their denomination, and are con- Mexico ……………. . 7,800 the Sioux Indians held a mass sidering the situation of today in China …………….. . 4,000 meeting, pledged a fifty per cent its relation to that of fifty years 2,591 increase in their giving and hence; facing a world of today, Cuba ……………… . adopted the slogan, "Move For- terribly disorganized economi- Spain …………….. . ward."-United Presbyterian. cally, socially, internationally, religiously and morally. They New Zealand ………. . The Church in the Arctic realize that there probably nev- er was a day of greater oppor- World O. E. Advance The aeroplane and the wire- tunity for youth to make an imless have caused tremendous press on their world. The older Two important changes in changes in mission work in the generation is looking on with Christian Endeavor activities Arctic regions. Last year Bish- keen interest as it sees young have taken place across the op Fleming traveled from 15,000 people ready and eager to spend Pacific. The Methodist Episcopal to 16,000 miles through the east- a large part of their summer Church of southern Asia has ern Arctic, covered much work vacation period in listening at- voted to discontinue the Epwhich had never been done be- tentively to leaders who try to worth League to permit its youth fore, and could not have been direct their energies in the path organizations to unite with the attempted but for the aeroplane. of Christ's Kingdom. While this Christian Endeavor Union of Plane travel is not expensive, fiftieth anniversary celebration India, Burma and Ceylon. This considering the e nor m 0 u s has paid tribute to the "giants is another step toward union of amount of time saved thereby. there were in those days," it Protestant missionary programs For the better spiritual care of makes clear that the younger in southern Asia. The Methodist the 11,000 people-Indians, Es- generation has a whole army of Church has nearly half a million kimos and white folk-within possible "giants." members in India, and more the Arctic Circle and a distance than 54,000 are registered in below it, the diocese of the Arc- -United Presbyterian. Methodist schools. tic was constituted in 1933, and comprises one-third of the whole Where Can the "Wandering The second move was the for- Dominion of Canada. Jew" Wander? mation of a Pacific Region of the World Christian End e a v 0 r There are two hospitals in the Union, to include China, Japan, diocese: All Saints, at Aklavik, Korea, Manchoukuo, New Zeaand St. Luke's at Pangnirtung. land, Australia, the Philippines, Remembering that the diocese the Fiji and Samoan Islands, and comprises over a million square other Pacific island groups. miles, one understands why Bishop Fleming is seeking to found From his original home in Pal- Youth at Amsterdam a third on the north shore of estine the Jew has wandered far Hudson Strait. The existing and wide. He has indeed been There is an alarming regimenhospitals are fully equipped with "the wandering Jew." The tation of young people in many electric light, X-ray apparatus, Christian Evangelist has given parts of the world in movements operating theaters, and other de- that are anti-Christian, or at sirable and necessary features·. an interesting tabulation to show least non-Christian. A World The government supplies the the present distribution of Jews Conference of Christian Youth doctors: the Church provides throughout the world: to be held at Amsterdam, Holthe staff and upkeep. land, July 24-August 3, is United States ………. . 4,228,029 planned to make the Christian Primitive animism is the re- 3,028,837 youth of the world more aware ligion of the native, Eskimo and Poland ……………. . 2,676,109 of their heritage in the Chris- Indian alike. Nineteen clergy- tian faith, and more forceful one an Eskimo deacon-and six- Russia ……………. . 728,115 and courageous in applying the ty or more lay workers assist Rumania …………… . 514,269 message of the Church in a Bishop Fleming. There is also Near East …………. . 499,682 world whose disintegrating forcwork for white people. Each 444,567 es are placing Christianity benorthern settlement has its Hud- Germany ………….. . 356,830 fore one of the greatest tests of son's Bay Company store, the Hungary ………….. . 300,000 its history. barracks of the Royal Canadian 260,000 Mounted Police (the "Moun- Czechoslovakia ……… . 240,000 The conference program is the ties"), and the wireless. station. Great Britain ………. . 191,408 result of two years of consulta- 161,312 tion among youth leaders from -Life of Faith. Argentina …………. . 156,817 all parts of the world. The 155,614 daily worship service will enable France ……………. . 155,125 all delegates to attend the type Austria ……………. . 110,127 of service to which they are ac- customed, and also to experience Morocco …………… . 95,000 other worship customs. 81,280 Netherlands ………… . 72,791 Canada ……………. . 72,550 Lithuania ………….. . 60,000 Algeria ……………. . 59,485 South Africa ……….. . 51,000 47,825 Turkey ……………. . Greece …………….. . Egypt …………….. .

Belgium …………… .

Tunis …………….. . Abyssinia ………….. . Italy ……………… .

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Cry Dance. A Novel of the Ameri- It is an attempt to provide a While the main emphasis in can Indian. By Coe Hayne. 8 Yo. guide to the solution of life's dif- "This Business of Living" is 255 pp. $2.00. Harper & Bros. New ficult and often tragic problems. upon personal and individual York. 1939. Who among us would not wel- problems, the author pauses come assistance at this point and more than once to point out the The American Indians are a who is there without some friend application of his proffered solupicturesque and romantic people. or acquaintance whose need for tion to the larger social and na- They have been exploited, exhib- wisdom and guidance is great tional problems as well. "There ited, abused and protected for is no problem that is not in printwo hundred years. They sur- indeed? ciple a personal problem," he vive but are not yet made a civi- But will this book meet that truly says. And here are a few lized, Christian and integral part other wise observations: "Any of the nation. Many are strong need? Undoubtedly it will for victory won by force is a defeat" characters and capable of becom- the more intelligent reader, for ing highly educated and efficient the person who is equipped to "An agreement reached unde' r leaders. understand and appropriate that which is not always easy read- pressure is not an agreement, but As Secretary of Research of the ing. But it is a question whether the perpetration of a disagree- American Baptist Home Mission the common man, untrained in ment." "All war is defeat." "We Society, the Rev. Coe Hayne, philosophical and psychological must never surrender to the behas had many opportunities to lief that force has the last word." study the Indians on the reser- terms and methods, will find These words are true for the invations and has come to love and much of this helpful book avail- dividual; they are no less true admire them. Here he has told able for his needs. This is to be for nations. a stirring story of a young In- regretted since the common man dian, "Yosemite," who gave up is often the one who most des- VICTOR G. MILLS. his college course, and fine pros- perately needs the help which pects of a professional career, to Dr. Grensted offers. If the meth- Dynamic Christianity and the World throw in his lot with his people od and style of the book as a Today. By Samuel M. Zwemer. 8vo. in the Sierras and champion whole had been closer to the free 17? pp. 28. 6d. Intervarsity Fellowtheir cause in the struggle and easy spirit of the title it shIp. London; Zondervan Publishagainst poverty and wrong and would be more useful where ing House, Grand Rapids, Mich. in behalf of their rights in Amer- most needed. 1939. ica. A young white woman joined in the fight for the Red Yet with this one limitation, There are good reasons why man. "Cry Dance" tells the let it be said that for many, es- only earnest, believing followers story of the struggle-which pecially for those who would still continues. There are ad- help others in meeting life's of Christ are interested in proventures, bitter fights, and two moting Christian missions. One love stories woven into the nar- problems and crises, this book must believe in the importance rative. It is an incompleted tale will provide very real assistance. but the author shows good judg- Workers with troubled minds of a cause and in the claims of ment in his outcome of the love and hearts will be bet t e r its leader before one will give stories of white folk and Indians. equipped for reading it. It notes time and strength and money to Young people will find the novel advance that cause. Dr. Zwemof particular interest. It has a the nature of life's most common er has proved his faith by his definite Christian tone. problems, always stressing the works for he has spent nearly fifty years in many lands seek- This Business of Living. By L. W. fact that in the last analysis all ing to win Moslems to Christ- Grensted. 187 pp. $1.75. Mac- of these problems come back to by voice and pen and life. He millan. New York. 1939. the problem of self. The inef- knows that the only kind of Christianity worth following A cover notice calls this "a fectiveness of the common meth- and worth propagating is "Dy- book for everyman." One can- ods of help is made clear. And namic Christianity." This is the not but wish that this were more then the author points out the Christianity of the living Christ nearly the case, for every man one adequate answer which is who is the ever present Head of needs what this book has to offer. found through religion, when His Church and the motivating rightly conceived, and preemi- and achieving power of the Gos- nently through Christianity. The pel. chapter on "The Way of Release" is especially worth while.

[383 ]

The author has given us here wealth of Christian doctrine, scenes are laid, gives additional a dynamic book. The Gospel that and the last three which deal he proclaims is the same that with Christian experience based value to leaders of children's came through Jesus Christ and on that doctrine. Her analytical that "turned the world up-side- mind does not prevent her from groups. H. H. F. down" in the days of the Apos- seeing the beauty of the truth tles. It is the Gospel founded on she presents nor do her outlines Mary Reed of Chandag. By Lee S. faith in the Bible as the inspired obscure the life and power. One Huizenga. 37 pp. Paper, 35 cents. Word of God and in Christ as the wishes that she had drawn more Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Son of God and only Redeemer largely on her rich experiences Rapids, Mich. 1939. of men. This is the heart of to illustrate the truths presented. Christianity that has proved its But there is a reality and a glow Almost everyone knows the truth and power and that is dy- in her Christian life that is con- story of Mary Reed, who went namic today among all peoples tagious. These studies in Ephe- to India in 1884; became a leper; to whom the Gospel is pro- sians will richly reward any was healed through prayer and claimed in the power of the Holy student-preacher, teacher, mis- for forty-seven years has di- Spirit. sionary or layman. rected the Chandag Leper Home in the foothills of the Himalayas. Dr. Zwemer shows clearly that They Dared to Live. By Robert M. She recently celebrated her 83d this Gospel is everlasting; that Bartlett. 12mo. 135 pp. $1.25. birthday. This little, illustrated it has not changed; that it is Association Press. New York. book retells a story and gives absolute and is vitally linked 1939. important facts about leprosy with the "Changeless Christ." and its modern treatment. He shows that, while this Gos- This series of thirty-five tenpel is neglected and repudiated minute biographies are very H. H. F. by many who refuse to believe, brief stories of explorers, scienit is the Gospel that the whole tists, teachers, reformers, stu- Meditations on the Holy Spirit. By world needs today. The work of dents, social workers, artists, Toyohiko Kagawa. 167 pp. $1.50. Christ has made great progress, authors, doctors, political lead- Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Tenextens.ively and intensively, and ers and missionaries and Amer- nessee. 1939. mankind is accessible as never icans. They include British, before, but there are still great French, Chinese, Japanese, Ger- The world famous Japanese regions of the world and vast mans, Swiss, Russians, Czechs, Christian has given us an attracareas of humanity that are un- Africans, Norwegians, Indians tive statement of some great enlightened by a knowledge of and others. There are well- principles of the spiritual life. "the Light of the World." known names like Helen Keller Throughout it the author shows and President Masarayk, and ob- a strong mystical tendency. He This is not only an intensely scure persons like Roland Hayes is definitely Trinitarian and interesting and informing book, and Pierre Ceresole. The great clearly stands for the Personit is inspiring and dynamic. disappointment is t hat the ality of. the Holy Spirit. What would be the result if sketches are too brief, but they every Christian minister should make one wish to know more Readers who accept the inread it? about these men and women who errancy of the Bible will be dis- dared to work against obstacles turbed by Dr. Kagawa's tend- The Wealth, Walk and Warfare of and for a high purpose, and suc- ency to rationalize some of the the Christian. By Ruth Paxson. ceeded. miracles. He also appears to ac- 8vo. 222 pages. $1.50. Revell. cept Darwin's views of the New York. 1939. Far Round the World. By Grace W. "Origin of the Species" quite un- McGavran. Illustrated by Mar- critically. Another questionable Miss Paxson is already well garet Ayer. 118 pp. Cloth, $1.00. point is a rather naturalistic known through her spiritual Friendship Press, N. Y. 1939. view of the personal spiritual presentation of "Life on the experience of the Lord Jesus. Highest Plane." She is a devout Miss McGavran, the REVIEW'S With such reservations it is only and intelligent Bible teacher and Editor of "Effective Ways of fair to say that there is a great an evangelist of rare gifts and Working," and the author of deal that is searching and helpgraces; she has been widely and "Missionary Stories for Chil- ful, for the book evidently comes wonderfully used of God in dren," gives here eleven splendid out of deep personal experience. China, in Europe and America. stories showing the improve- The supernatural view of the ments of social conditions, de- Holy Spirit is accepted. In the present volume Miss cline in race prejudice, braving Paxson gives us some fruitful re- danger in Mexico, India, Africa, F. E. G. sults of her study in the letter Japan, China, Paraguay, Ceylon to the Ephesians, which she calls and the Philippine Islands. They Studies in First and Second Kings the "Grand Canyon of Scrip- describe events that actually and First and Second Chronicles. ture." It is remarkably rich, happened. A section at the back Arranged by Grace Saxe. 35 cents. suggestive and stimulating. She of the book, supplying facts 112 pp. Bible Colportage Assn. points out the connection be- about the countries in which the Chicago. 1939. tween the first three chapters, which deal chiefly with the These twenty-three studies in Old Testament history are de- signed for individual or class work. Exposition and applica- tion are well balanced. The mor- al lessons seem to flower forth

Encyclopedia of Religious

"How many baptized Christians in Burma?" "Where is the headquarters of the Evangelical Church?"

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You can answer these and many more by turning to the proper pages in CHURCH MANAGEMENT DIRECTORY for 1939, now available in your book store. The price is but 65c. (by mail 75c.). If your bookstore cannot supply you, send the proper remittance to address l;Ielow. This directory offers the most complete almanac for the Protestant field.

CHURCH MANAGEMENT : Auditorium Building : Cleveland, Ohio from the Scripture itself. God Launch Out Into the Deep. By An' The New Sovereignty. Reiinald is clearly seen to be at work be- drew Gih. Edited by J. Edwin Orr. Wallis. 93 pp. Is. Pickering & hind the scenes. The great uni- 119 pp. Cloth, 40 cents. Zonder- Inglis. London. fying message in Kings and in van Publishing House, Grand Rap· Chronicles, Miss Saxe makes ids, Mich. 1938. One Gospel for Mankind. Hugh abundantly clear, in the impera- Vernon White. 72 pp. 35 cents. tive need of trusting God and Among the consecrated Chi- Friendship Press. New York. obeying Him. The book would nese soul winners is Andrew be still better if the author did Gih, now on an evangelistic tour Right Here at Home. Frank S. not lean so heavily upon a very in war-torn China. Previously, Mead. 183 pp. $1.00, and 60 cents. limited number of Bible scholars he made a three months' tour of Friendship Press. New York. for her quotations and if she had Australia with J. Edwin Orr, included more thought-provok- who says he was second to none Studies in I and II Kings and I and ing questions, along with the list for effectiveness. This book is II Chronicles. Grace Axe. 112 pp. of fact questions, at the end of in two parts: the first half be- 35 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. each lesson. ing s tor i e s of conversions through the Bethel Evangelistic When I Awake. Jack C. Winslowe. C. NORMAN BARTLETT. Bands, and the second half a 78 pp. Is. 6d. Hodder and Stough- collection of Bible readings on ton. London. The Doctor Comes to Lui. A Story such subjects as "The Dry of the Beginnings in the Sudan. By Bones," "Catching Fish," and The Wealth, Walk and Warfare of Eileen Fraser. Illus. 71 pp. Is. "The Way to Victory." "His vi- the Christian. Ruth Paxson. 222 Church Missionary Society. Lon- tal exposition of the Word of pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. don. 1939. God captivated both the saved and the unsaved," says Mr. Orr Yesterdays in Persia and Kurdistan. The reviewer and his wife in the preface; "Not a single Frederick G. Coan. 284 pp. $2.50. spent some years in the Sudan theme will be easily forgotten." Saunders Studio Press. Claremont, enjoying the personal acquaint- Calif. ance of the author and Bishop H.H.F. Gwynne who wrote the intro- Cry Dance. Coe Hayne. 255 pp. duction to the book. The story New Book. $2.00. Harpers. New York. of the establishment of many bush schools in darkest Sudan; The Acts of the Apostles. Studies The Greatest Words in the Bible and cutting down the jungle and let- in Primitive Christianity. W. H. in Human Speech. Clarence E. ting in the Christ; these are in- Griffith Thomas. 93 pp. 30 cents. Macartney. $1.50. 103 pp. Cokescluded, with some stories of the B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. bury Press. Nashville. mauling of African natives by buffaloes, lions and leopards and The Faith We Declare. Edwin Homeland Harvest. Arthur H. Limtheir recovery under the skillful Lewis. 236 pp. $2. Cokesbury ouze. 211 pp. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents care of Dr. Fraser. One feels Press. Nashville. paper. Friendship Press. New that the reader stands in the York. presence of a great and modest Far Round the World. Grace W. servant of Jesus Christ. Mrs. McGavran. 118 pp. $1.00. Friend- One Family. C. M. S. Review of Fraser's self-abnegation in writ- ship Press. New York. 1938-39. 62 pp. 6d. Church Mising of her talented husband and sionary Society. London. herself is remarkable but we The Gospel, in the Pentateuch. Herwould like to know more of bert Lockyer. 125 pp. 50 cents. Personality and Character Developthem. A minor criticism might B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. ment. J. D. Messick. 192 pp. $1.50. be that the narrative skips back Revell. New York. and forth in a way that makes God's Purpose. A Book of 365 Serit bewildering to follow the monettes for Home Worship. 366 The Remarkable Jew. His Wonder~ dates and, sequence of events. pp. 50 cents paper; $1.00 limp ful Future. L. Sale-Harrison. 224 fabrikoid; $1.50 art leather. Win- pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. T. A. LAMBIE. ston. Philadelphia. London.

The Meaning of War. James W. The Rural Church in the Far East. Johnson. 57 pp. 75 cents. Revell. Ralph A. Felton. 258 pp. $1.25. New York. Friendship Press. New York.

The S. P. G. Story. 1939. 156 pp. 6d. Society for Propagating the Gospel. London.

Builder of Dreams. The Life of Robert Edward Chambers. Ruth Carver Gardner and Christine Cof- fee Chambers. $1.00. 200 pp. Broad- man Press. Nashville.

Day Dawn in Yoruba Land. Charles E. Maddry. 217 pp. Broadman Press. Nashville.

MOSLEM

PUBLISHED BY THE HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Editors: SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, EDWIN E. CALVERLEY Some Articles in the July Number Broadcasting Our Message Samuel M. Zwemer After Madras Paul W. Harrison The Theological Approach Al Sha'ranI the Mystic lens Christensen Our Debt to Moslem Arabs Margaret Smith An East African Experience An Ordeal in Central Asia lohn Clark Archer Mission Frontier in Palestine A. Rowland Pittwa'Y International Relations G. Raquette Book Reviews Survey of Periodicals E. Theodore Bachmann Robert S. Darbishire Current Topics Sue Moll~son Foster ._-•• SUBSCRIBE NOW ….- __ 150 Cents a Copy. $2.00 It Year (postpaid) In combination with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City $3.50 a Year. (Foreign Postage, 50 Cents.) British Agents: MARSHALL, MORGAN & SCOTl', 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. Price in Great Britain, Eight Shillings a Year, net HAVE YOU READ?

THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER The biography of a remarkable missionary whom the (then) Prince of Wales visited in Bombay at the request of his mother, Queen Victoria.

What some readers say of this book: Robert Speer's "Life of George Bowen of Bombay" is one was so far·sighted and so deep.seeing!-the former because of the richest of missionary biographies. the latter. If one wants to sum up the interests of our DR. J. LOVELL MUllIlAY, Director of the Canadian School of Missions, Toronto. students today-Biblical, social, theological-Bowen is a What a life! He was old enough to know why be went, representative ligure. And what a lesson in apparent failure! and bad enough to know the meaning of salvation. One by. product of his experience was his wonderful bumility-noth. . • . I feel strongly that' every student and alumnus of our ing in the show window and himself in the remote back. ground. It is inspiring. Seminary needs this book. Wbat better book to lead them to DR. GBORGI! P. PIERSON, formerly of Japan. feed on the Bible. One bears so much "vestibule religion"- We must all be grateful for this revealing of the main· men pointing to the door and taking their people as far as the springs of Bowen's character, his abiding faith in God, his threshold, but no opening up of the treasures within the earnest purpose to be a true and faithful follower of Jesus Christ; and his deep.seated conviction that the Gospel of Father's House. Read the topics of current sermons, and Christ could meet the religious needs of India's people. Bowen's expositions are precisely what Christians need in order to grow from puerility into spiritual maturity. Here is no WILLIAM HAzEN, adolescent, but a man in Christ. This is no volume to be Missionary in ShoJapur, India. read and dismissed, but to be marked and to be turned to repeatedly. A biography of one of the saintliest ligures of the nine. teenth century. I could not put the book down. There is a HBNRY SLOANB COFFIN, fascination and a depth in this man's soul which held me in President of Union Seminary.

devout attention. I found myself marking his moving sayings The Memoirs of George Bowen will continue to be for which would serve as starting points for chapel talks. He years to come a searching manual of devotion. He has set before me an ideal which few could attain; his life is a scath· ing rebuke to our ease, comfort, self.indulgence and ind- J. Ross STEVENSON, liciency.

President Emeritus, P,inrelon Seminar,.

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The Missionary Review of the World — December 1928

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Christmas Gift Suggestions I N ADDITION to those always welcome gifts -McCutcheon Handkerchiefs and Linens-we suggest these novelties: A handsome Moorcroft Vase from Liberty's $7.75 Silk Hosiery with French dox. Smart tolors $3.9 S a pair Liberty Silk Scarfs in lovely shades $6.95 and $10.00 each Silver After-dinner Coffee Spoons from Liberty's $14'75 for six Edck gift packeJ in II Jllinty CltristffldS box ~n~. FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTY. NINTH ST. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK Reg: US Rrt on: Our'~:;;av; ] THt BtST AND MOST DIRter WAY TO AID Money for Missionaries ] The Cause of Christ in Russia and Siberia MISSIONARIES everywhere have con- IS 'tHROUGH l'Hlt fidence in our Missionary Bureau as the most economical source for All-Russian Evangelical Christian Union personal supplies and mission equip- Rev. I. S. ProkhanoJf, President, ment of high quality. ] Leningrad, RUssia FIELD SECRETARIES and Purchasing America" Olliee., 156 Fifth Ave., New YOTk City …'LWYN BALL, JR. . .••..••• American Treasurer Agents find that our free catalogue NORMAN J. SMI'l'H •••..•••. American Secretary and special discount list enables them JOHN JOHNSON •••.••••.•••.. Russian Secretary to save money for their stations. In the last eighteen months we have printed and distributed inside of Russia MISSION BOARDS can economize by 25,000 Russian Bibles …………… . $34.000 10,000 Second Edition …………… . 11,200 selecting hardware, paints and' other 25 ,000 New Testaments and Psalms … . 5,800 building materials from our catalogue. 45,000 The Gospel in Song ……….. . .18,100 40,000 The Gospel Almanac ……… . 6,800 [MO;;;~;';~Y~"~O. ~ If you haven't a Montgomery Ward ' Also for Missionary Support and Lenin· grad Bible College ., ………….. " 32,000 $127.900 Seventy graduates of the ]927-28 Leningrad Dible College classes are already at work in the field; 15.000 Bible ConcQrdances are now being printed in Leningrad.

We Are Gi.lu. Good A.couDt 01 OaTStewanbhlpa. U.tolloe LoTd Bore Bible. must be )'rlnted at once. Send a gift and have a share. If gIfts are impossible now. at least i:nadnlo~r~~r i;t:fli~~:b;:The Goshel in Russia.7' Read The new booklet, "Triumph of the Gospel in Russia." [ ~:SSIOD~ Bureau Chicago, U. S. A. 'Ii b,;y the Rev. I. S. PrQkhanoff, striking news, 14 illustratIons, also sent free upon request. ~~~~~ an Send all communication. and gifts and make check. payable to All-Russian Evangelical Christian Union 156 Fifth Avenue, Room 411 B, New York City Please mention THE 'MISSIONAllY REVIEW OF TliE WORLD i.n writing to advertisen. THE M[SS[ONARY .-.

REVIEW OF THE WORLD LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions DIlLAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME DECEMBER TABLE OF CONTENTS You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- Page sions and have a needed income for yourself FRONTISPIECE ••••••••• FIRST NATIVE and others from the money you give by the PASTORS OF BANDAWE, LIV]NGSTONIA Annuity Gift Plan FIFTY-'l'HREE YEARS IN AFRICA •.•• This plan relieves you of uncertainty and … …….. … …. .. . ROBERT LAWS 949 worry caused by changing vallles of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of A remwrkable story of the tra'lt8!orma- tion witnessed by one man. 4t% to 9% per year JOHN R. MOT'l'-CHRISTIAN STATES- for the rest of your life MAN …………. FRANK B. LENZ 957 "I WAS IN PRISON AND YE VISITED ME" •.••. _… V,NCENT J. STEFFAN 965 THE CHURCH AND WORLD PEACE •• •…… Mas. JEANNETTE W. EMRICH 967 AFRICAN LEADERSHIP FOR AFRICA A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees ………………. . JOHN E. GEIL 973 the prompt payment of annuities to you.

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"The complete story of present-day characters and situations under the flag of our southern neighbor in an intensely interesting new book."- Spokane, Chronicle. Illustrated, $2.00 Sir James Ewing A Biography by Robert E. Speer A vivid and comprehensive biography of an American statesman and leader of religious thought in India during nearly half ea century. IlIus., $2.75 Mussolini and the New Italy Head of ~,he Italian Government and Duce De Fascismo Herbert Adams Gibbons says: "A graphic and vivid sketch of th.e most interesting man alive to- dav." Illustrated, $2.00 The Indians of South America and the. Gosp~l, Mr. B;~ writes from personal knowledge, as a lon.girime missionary of the Inland, South American Missionary Union. Illustrated. $1.50 SECOND EDITIOX Diana Drew Hall Young Isabel Brown I, of Alaska, Rose UThe Mushing Parson"

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LI, No. 12 December

THE MISSIONARY 1{,eWO. .,_…!..UJiiH+-l-IiIW FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN LIVINGSTONIA A Remarkable Retrospect of Transformations Seen in Central Africa in the Life of One Missionary BY DR. ROBERT LAWS,* EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND W HEN one looks at the map the country for which he had given of Africa today with its vast his life. inland seas and mighty rivers having thousands of miles As a monument to his memory, of navigable waterway and the and to continue his work, the late names of many peoples depicted Dr. Stewart of Lovedale, who had thereon, it is difficult to realize that been with Livingstone on the Zamthe most of this accurate geo- besi River, at the Free Church graphical knowledge has been at- General Assembly of 1874 protained within the past sixty years, posed that a mission, to be called and contrasts strongly with the the Livingstonia Mission, should be blank spaced interior the map begun on Lake Nyasa, and in May showed in the earlier school days 1875 the pioneer band, of which of many now living. The leader in the writer was one, sailed from this geographical change was Dr. England, under the leadership of Livingstone, and his lonely death Mr. E. D. Young, R.N., whose in Central Africa in 1873, roused special duty it was to get the small the interest, not only of his fellow steamer, which had been provided countrymen, but of the world, in for our use, safely transported and placed on Lake Nyasa.

• After fifty years' labor in Africa Dr, Laws Stanley had left Britain a fort- night earlier to begin that journey :~:e[i~~:ieedfa~~:.~rt~~~! Bra~t;r~~ g~;~n t~~ g~~e~:dW~(t::~~a~fo~,Rc';,"~~er~~ ~~~~~n~~,i'f, which was to clear up the source of the Nile, and reveal to the world missions were all represented-significant of the vast, winding length of the the growing life of the young country whose Congo and its great tributaries, doors he has been so largely instrumental in with teeming populations living along these waterways presenting ~fO~;~i~B ~:ici: ~~~/a~it~f yt!i.~ b::~ glii:~sd their mute appeal for the Gospel N~~~:af~:sois l,~~~J;, in health, white of hair of Christ. ~ith ~ha:dstain~it~~e g~~:t~~s:n:n~~:tak~bi~. but Af;~~~sro;g~n:r~~n~~I:nj~~~s W:}",.:}le~l:~~ The Livingstonia Mission, on reaching Cape Town, had to storekeepers, motor-drivers, artisans. To that charter a sailing vessel to take them with the sections of their t~~nmt~n a~i:ti~fhe~~ i~h~h~a~~::ell~:~nCh~~~~ ~:t: ~~cl:arr:~ ~~du1:~o~~~~; ~fr:h~rr8 f~~le~~ i: :;rOet:I~~ Pfg:~d J~~t !a~~~t w3gkint,!':J ~r[h :::'~f. w~~ ~~~~l~lf~g:~~~~~e% s~g~~!:~:Dii~~: 949

little steamer, and the two years' carded slave yokes, the slavers provisions with which they had thinking there was not much been supplied, to the Kongoni chance of their captives escaping mouth of the Zambesi River. There when so near that port. The they built the little S. S. Ilala and horrors of this trade, and the sufproceeded up the Zambesi and ferings and deaths entailed by it, Shire Rivers to the Murchiston can hardly be understood, and the Cataracts, where it had to be taken callousness of the slave traders, to pieces and transported by cara- even to their own interests, as well vans of native porters to the upper as to the sufferings inflicted, can end of th ecataracts and there re- hardly be credited. built, after which we sailed into Lake Nyasa on Oct. 12, 1875. Besides the wars stirred up be- tween tribes by the slave traders At that time, to the north, the to secure victims for themselves, nearest church or school was to be we found a chronic state of interfound at Khartum or Assiut on tribal war the prevailing condition the Nile; to the west, at the sea during our early years on the lake. coast; to the east, at Zanzibar or I have walked for hours through Bagamoyo 'on the mainland op- the ruins of burned villages and posite; and to the south, north- amid bleaching human bones. wards from Natal. Today all the Along the lake shore, especially at great lakes have one or more mis- the northern half of the lake we sions at work on their shores, and found many villages built on piles, various other missions are labor- where the people were living with ing along the Congo and its mighty tributaries, on the waters of which their cattle, sheep, goats and poulmission and trading steamers are try beside them. The animals had now plying. to swim ashore to feed, or grass and reeds were cut and brought oft SLAVERY AND WARFARE in canoes for their food when ene- Our first voyage round Lake mies were about. Nyasa, the northern part of which until then had been unknown, On the hills to the west of the showed that it was 360 miles long, lake lived the Ngoni, an offset varying in breadth from sixteen to from the Zulus of South Africa, upwards of forty miles. Round who by their war raids and cattIethe shores of this great inland sea lifting forays, kept the surrounding we found many different tribes living, and learned of others on the tribes in terror of their lives, hills inland. Kotakota on the west, where these had not yielded suband Losewa on the east sides of the mission to them as their masters. lake, were the chief ports of the The Ngoni often seized the boys Arab and Swahili slave traders and young men of other tribes, where they transported across the training them as warriors,' and lake the slaves and ivory they had took the girls as wives and slaves. procured in the interior. Several dhows, built on the lake, were en- The difficulty of stopping the gaged in this traffic, and a later slave trade on the eastern sea coast journey, to the west of Kotakota, of Africa led to its being attacked showed the roads strewn with dis- in the interior and stopped on Lake Nyasa by two British gun boats placed there. This led finally to the taking over of the country as the Nyasaland Protectorate. The

FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN LIVINGSTONIA

Photo by Dr. 117. A. 1:l'1ll sUe OLD TIME NGONI WARRIORS AS THEY APNJARED IN WAR DRESS work of the missions, the gradual ditions there is a weekly mail servestablishment of courts of justice, ice, and the first cable, laid to the and the extension of legitimate Cape in 1879, has made telegraphic commerce, led not only to the sup- communication an every day pospression of the slave trade but to sibility. The railway we found the abolition of domestic slavery. recently begun at the Cape in 1875, With the Pax Brittanica came the has now been carried across the steady improvement of communi- Zambesi to Broken Hill and the cation, and other conditions help- Congo State, with ultimate objecing the advance of Christianity tives for its passengers, in the and of the people as a whole. Our north at Cairo, and on the west at Lobito Bay. The journey from the first letters, written from the lake, Cape to Chitambo, near which were thirteen months old when de- Livingstone died, would have livered in Great Britain and our taken, in 1875 from six to nine friends had heard nothing of us months to accomplish with good all the time; now, in normal con-

A NA'l'IVIiJ AFRICAN VILLAGE IN LIVINGSTONIA reason to fear it might never be ease, is giving place to the knowldone because of the opposition of edge of cause and effect, the the warlike Matabeli; now Mr. sources of the common tropical Moffat, our missionary there, can diseases, their prevention and cover the distance by motor car cure. and rail to the Cape in five days. The spiritual darkness of former Great as these physical changes days, their fear of retribution from are, the social, moral and spiritual offended malign spirits, and the changes which God has wrought blank of the future have been ilamong the people are greater still. lumined by the preaching of the Where formerly a native woman Gospel, the knowledge of Jesus would not have gone alone from Christ as the Saviour of the beone village to another, and a man liever, the love of God and the hope would not have gone without his of heaven. shield, spears and club, now men, women and children go through- The work of the Livingstonia out the country with the almost con- Mission has been carried on along fidence. The tribes formerly at four main lines, the directly evanwar with each other are now living gelistic, the medical, the educationin amity, and many of those who al and the industrial, all having the formerly sought each others lives common end of leading men to can now be seen sitting together as Christ and to confession of their humble disciples at the Com- faith in him by baptism, membermunion Table of their Lord and ship in his church, and the serv- Saviour. The terror of witchcraft, ice of God and man. The one as the source of accident and dis- station of 1875 had become nine central stations in 1927, and con-

FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN LIVINGSTONIA

nected with these there are thirty- membership exceeds 50,000, and at one congregations with thirteen its next meeting the Presbytery of ordained native pastors, 952 office- the mission of the Dutch Reformed bearers, and 19,371 communicants, Church of the Orange Free State with over 10,000 catechumens intends to join the Synod. looking forward to baptism after their two years' preparation and The medical work of the mission probation had been satisfactorily has, in the past, opened the door completed. This native church is for the entrance of the Gospel entirely self-supporting, the people among opposing tribes, and has paying their own pastors and been especially useful for this purevangelists, as well as building pose among Mohammedans. Its their village schools. From the be- work is also a constant exhibition ginning they have taken an active of what the spirit of the Gospel of share in the duty they recognize of Christ means by its care of the propagating the Gospel among the sick and suffering and the dying, people who have not yet heard or who, in former days would have accepted it. Three years ago the often been cast out to perish, or Presbyteries of Livingstonia and to be devoured by wild beasts. Blantyre united to form the Synod of the church of Central Africa In the industrial departments (Presbyterian), and this has been of the mission there are about 120 joined by the Presbytery of Mk- apprentices, each serving a term of homa, of the Dutch Reformed five years. Many of these are the church mission of the Cape. Its children of Christian parents who are thus being trained to useful occupations for the advancement NEW TYPE OF WARRJOIlS-LIVINGS~'ONIA MISSION PUPILS IN TRAINING

of their fellow men and the good among those going to work in disof the country. During the whole tant places, where no missionary of their term, they are not only was at work, with the Scriptures receiving technical training but are in their pockets and the love of under Christian instruction and Christ in their hearts, have proved influence, and the majority of themselves to be unpaid foreign them, before its close, are either in missionaries of the native church. the catechumens' classes or have In one case, at least, this work was so effective that later, when a been baptized and become mem- mission from America arrived bers of the church. A good many there, a small congregation and at the close of their apprentice- ship go to South Africa, or the evening schools wen~ ready to 'wel- Congo State, led to these places by come their help and guidance. the desire to see something of the outer world and by wages four or The educational side of the work five times greater than they could by its influence on the young, has get at home. Some remain per- proved most effective for the manently in those places to which furtherance of the Kingdom of they have migrated, but most remit God. The one school of 1875 has home part of their pay, and after now become 721 schools with 1,- a year or two return to become the 306 native teachers, and 18,464 native builders and carpenters in pupils with the Central Institution their own villages, and so help in at Livingstonia for the training of improving the homes of their teachers, the more advanced work people. The earnest Christians of training the native pastors, and for the medical training of Hos-

FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN LIVINGSTONIA

Plt.uta : W. ..4.. Ehnslie OLD WO)IEN AT ~(')1()()L IX LIYlXGHTONIA Ll~AR::-;IXG TO READ pital assistants and orderlies, who stitution and the necessity for get their practical work in the building a college, equipped with wards and out patient department the necessary staff to meet this deof the David Gordon Memorial mand, is evident. By its means the Hospital at that station. training of the native leaders of the country under Christian in- The value of the educational fluences and instruction would be work, as an evangelistic agency, assured, and the highly beneficial can be seen when it is remembered effect on the future of Central that every pupil receives a daily Africa would be incalculable. The Scripture lesson and the influence opportunity for securing this is of this permeates and regulates pressing now, and can only be the work and aim of the school in neglected at our peril. . the formation of the character of the pupils. The new attitude of the The influence of this educational native to education is seen in the work can be further understood by contrast between the early days, the number of pupils who pass when the pupil expected to be paid through these schools, reading the for coming to school and the Scriptures in their own vernacuparents expected to be paid for lars. Besides school books, and a allowing them to come, and the very limited amount of other payment last year by parents and literature, the statisties of the pupils of £1,090 ($5,000) in school Bible societies show how the Word fees. There is an ever increasing of God, like leaven, is permeating demand for admission to the In- the people. The Zulu Bible, pub-

lished by the British and Foreign work of the translators, nor the Bible Society, is read and under- provision made for saturating stood by many of the Ngoni. Into the minds of the pupils with the the Nyanja language the whole Word of God, which is able to Bible has been translated, and the make them wise unto salvation. National Bible Society of Scotland have printed 31,000 Bibles, 73,670 Though the details given refer New Testaments, and a total of chiefly to the Livingstonia Mission, 222,757 complete Scriptures and with which I am best acquainted, portions of Scriptures in that it has to be remembered, that it is togue. We are now faced with a only one of the now many missions demand for another edition of 10,- laboring for the extension of the 000 Bibles. Besides these most of Master's kingdom and the rethe New Testament has been generation of Africa. To a greater printed in Chinamwanga, and most or less extent, the methods adopted of the Bible in the Bemba tongues, by the various missions have much while the whole New Testament in common, and all can tell of the has been printed in Yao, Tonga blessing that God has granted on and Konde., It has been printed the faithful preaching of the cross three times in Tumbuka, two of of Christ, of the changed lives of these editions being at the Living- men whose hands in former days stonia printing press, where also were often imbrued in blood, and Mr. Crawford's first edition of the of the change in whole tribes from New Testament into Luba for the being turbulent disturbers of the cannibals of the Congo was peace of the country, to being inprinted. Later, his translation of dustrious, peaceable citizens, seekthe whole Bible into the same tongue has been printed at home. ing the good of their fellow men. This list by no means exhausts the It is the Lord's doing and is marvellous in our eyes. To Him alone be the glory and the praise.

PROSELYTING OR SAVING W E HEAR people who have not investigated missionary work say with a sneer, "How many proselytes are you getting?" It isn't burglary to break into a house when the owner is inside asleep-if the house is on fire. It would be equivalent to murder not to. People who think missionaries are proselyting are badly informed. When eighty-five per cent of the children born have no legal parentage, it is not proselyting to establish Christian homes. Where people shoot and stab each other on little provocation, it is not proselyting to teach patience, love, pardon and good citizenship. Where intemperance and its baneful fruits reign, it is not proselyting to teach a normal life. Where towns of thousands of people exist with no religious instructor at all, it isn't proselyting to proclaim the Gospel of the Son of God. Where a group of patriots are struggling to the best of their ability to lift their native l.and out of the moral and intellectual mire into which she has staggered under her load of ecclesiasticism, it isn't proselyting to run to their relief. If it is, it is a plain case of proselyting from the devil, and that is what missionaries are for, and so plead guilty. -The Messenger, Guatemala.

R. MOTT-CHRISTIAN

BY FRANK B. LENZ, New York I T HAS been said that every man completely does he lose himself in has his adjective-but not so the causes of Christ that he takes John R. Mott. It would be no thought of time, space or handi- difficult to circumscribe him by caps. Problems exist to be solved.

grammar, rhetoric or epithets. Crisis exist to be transcended.

Physically and morally he is large He has frequently said that and straight and square. He is when a man lacks world-conquer- distinctly American with the evi- ing power it is because he has been dence in his face of concentration, conquered by the world and not by poise, peace, strength and earnest- Christ. In one of his addresses he ness. When in action there is no says: room to doubt the determination Come to Christ for the particular and will power of the man. Great thing you need. Is it cleansing? He physical strength and energy are will make you clean. Are you depressed revealed in his movements. He and discouraged? He will plant new commands others because he has hope in your breast. Are you weak? conquered himself and because he He will give you energy. Let Him flood himself has learned to obey a your life, flood it, flood it, that you may higher Power. say, "It is not I that liveth, but Christ that liveth in me." Let us rise in new- Everyone realizes that he cannot ness of life. be labeled or confined within sec- One of the remarkable character- istics of Mott is his ability to tarian limits. It is enough to say change men's attitudes from op- that he is a Christian and is loyal position and hostility to one of con- to Christ and His Church univer- fidence and hearty support. This sal and so might be termed an can best be explained by spiritual "Ecumenical Christian." He deals influence rather than on human habitually with intellectual, moral grounds. Men's hearts are stirred and spiritual esentials, and in that by his appeals and their wills re- sense he might be called an "essen- spond so that they are ready to foltialist," rather than a "modernist" low his leadership.

or "fundamentalist." "Mott is earnest and able, but he John R. Mott cannot be ex- will never make a speaker," said plained by analyzing his great ad- Richard C. Morse, General Secre- ministrative, intellectual and or- tary of the International Commit- ganizing abilities. There is a spir- tee of the Association about the itual dynamic about him that time the young Cornell graduate brings things to pass. His great- joined his staff. Today, forty est purpose in life is to discover years later, while he makes no pre- and do the will of God. tense to eloquence and rhetoric, he Mott is a prodigious worker. is unique for his ability to electdfy Whether at home or in the office, an audience. While he never seeks on the sea or in the subway, he is merely to entertain his hearers, busy toward purposeful ends. Yet the deep, vibrant qualities of his he works without manifesting voi~e, his poise and dignity, his hurry or worry or impatience. So chOIce of words and staccato sen- 957

tences and his commanding grasp level of a small, begging appeal to of the subject, compel attention. a dignified plane that commands He shows this p.ower even when the respect and confidence of the speaking through an interpreter donor. Dedicated money is as imon his extended foreign tours. perative and as sacred as dedicated lives. If rightly used money is as Matt is recognized as a master- truly a means of bringing in the ful presiding officer. At the Kingdom of God as preaching the World's Convention of the Young Word of God. It is characteristic Men's Christian Association, which of Matt, that before asking for a met at Helsingfors, Finland, in gift he takes great pains in pre- 1926, he handled that audience of paring the case thoroughly and fifteen hundred delegates from spends much time in prayer before fifty-two nations, day after day, presenting it. Money raising for with such superb skill and fairness Christian enterprises may be rethat the meetings ended without a garded as an important and highly ripple and on schedule time. Thor- spiritual religious activity. Many ough preparation, great attention of John R. Matt's best friends are to details and the selection of wise those who have given him the largand capable. associates are keys to est sums over a period of years. the success of the conferences and Scores of donors have testified to assemblies over which he presides. the sacramental effect that their gifts have had on their own lives. While Matt is not noted for his The motive that animates the aphumor and does not have time to peal and the purpose for which the spend in telling jokes, those who money is used determine the charknow him intimately know well hls acter of the effort. Mott believes keen relish for good stories, and in sacrificial giving not, "until it his own ability to tell them. hurts," but "until it feels good."

Mott and Money Mott in Print One of the significant contribu- A large collection of books, docutions that Matt has made to Chris- ments, magazine articles, and tian progress is through his abil- pamphlets, have come from the ity to convince men and women of mind and heart and pen of John R. social standing and large wealth, Matt in the past forty years. that it is worth while for them to Many of these are of a high order invest large sums in great causes and of enduring value. The burnthat will continue to bear fruit ing, vital messages have deeply long after he and they are gone. impressed and moved large num- The offerings which he recom- bers in many lands. "Confronting mends are not wild cat stocks, but Young Men with the Living "gilt edge" investments that build Christ" or that striking pamphlet, character, that bind together the "The Price of Leadership" (writraces, nations and classes and that ten over twenty years ago), will promote the Kingdom of God convince any reader that they were among men. He challenges people the product of no ordinary indito give not paltry sums but large vidual. and sacrificial offerings. Noone knows the number of millions he In all of his books there are pashas raised for Christian work. He sages which reveal wide vision and has helped to lift giving from the

JOHN R. MOTT-CHRISTIAN STATESMAN

DR. JOHN R. MOTT AND DR. DAVID Z. T. YUI AT JERUSALEM, MARCH, 1928

strength and character. Many of the best, and to help make righthis volumes have been translated eousness prevail. As head of into other languages and are dis- the United War Work campaign, tributed widely, especially in the he devoted an energy and determigreat university centers. >!< nation that was almost alarming to some of his associates. War Work The Christian religion was en- As noble men of God in the mon- listed and was one of the few asteries of Europe kept the flame forces to return to usefulness. It of the Christian religion alive dur- was not submerged or destroyed, ing the Dark Ages, so other noble and the Y. M. C. A., with the help followers of Christ endured the of a group of noble American laytrials of the arena of conflict and men, was one of the chief agencies made Christ real in the midst of that kept religion functioning. the appalling lusts and hatreds of This and other organizations acted the World War. It was heartrend- as the good Samaritan among forty ing to see the best manhood of the nations at a time when passion was nations, march into the fiery fur- enthroned, and in the midst of nace. Character was needed that those years of pain, suffering and would not burn or die, but this sorrow. As an expression of apseemed almost impossible. Mott preciation of the service rendered carried a cross day and night dur- on behalf of the American soldiers ing those terrible years, but under and sailors, as well as the men of his leadership were mobilized and the allied armies and prisoners intensified the moral and physical of war, the United States Governforces of· the enlisted men. From ment gave Dr. Mott a Distinthe war zone he returned to Amer- guished Service medal, the French ica and asked for $170,000,000 for Government made him Knight of the United War Work Campaign. the Legion of Honor, and the Ital- The response was $205,000,000, ian Government conferred upon given because men and women him the Order of the Italian knew the awful consequences if Crown. their loved ones at the front and in camp were not surrounded by some Influence on Youth decencies and restraints of civilization. To keep men and boys from For forty years Mott has helped going to physical and moral dis- to keep the attention of the world truction during the reactions fol- riveted on youth. As international lowing the terrors of battle, mil- student secretary for the Christian lions of dollars were contributed Association he repeatedly circled for work in debarkation camps, the globe to push an aggressive naval stations, rest billets and campaign of evangelism among prison camps. Mott led this gigan- students in the great university tic movement to hold men up to centers of Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America. He was one ,.. Amon.g his books ar~". "Strate-gie Points of the early student volunteers for of the 'Vorld's CODQ.uest," HThe Evangelization Foreign Missions and for years he of the World in thIS Generation," "Christian~ actively shared in the development of Reality," "The Pastor and Modern Missions," of that movement. Later he con- "The Future Leadership of the Church," "The ceived the idea of the World Stu- Deeisive Hour of Christian Missions," "The dent Christian Federation, and be- Present World Situation," "The World's Chris- came one of its founders at Vadtian Federation" and "ConfrollUng Young l'Jen with the Living Christ."

JOHN R. MaTT-CHRISTIAN STATESMAN

stena Castle, Sweden, 1895. Stu- white people and the Negroes dents all over the world were thus throughout the United States. united under the banner of Christ and the influence of the Federation Curiously enough as Mott grew has become so far-reaching that at older he came to see more clearly present its work embraces more the strategic importance of Christhan forty countries, over 3,000 tian work with boys and he turned colleges and universities and a his a t ten t ion vigorously to membership of 300,000. In recog- strengthening the Association's nition of his work for students, program among those of the teen Yale University conferred upon age. With characteristic emphasis he said: "Let us go into towns and DJiJLEGATJiJS A'L' ,['lIB HELSINGFORFI YOU'l'U CONFERENCE IN ~· INLAND. 1926 him the degree of Master of Arts villages; into our cities and rural thirty years ago. districts, with a living apprecia- tion of the transcendentimpor- Repeatedly Mott has said: "I tance of getting hold of the boys. Let us all have a hand in this highly have learned to trust youth." multiplying work-that of relating Since the globe has become his par- boys in their plastic years, their ish he has learned to trust them vision-forming years, their idealwhatever their color, race or na- determining years, their habittionality. One of the most states- forming years-to the ever living manlike things he ever did was to Christ." establish a committee to promote friendly relations among foreign The Kingdom of God First students studying in America. He also had a large part in launching Gifted with qualities that would the notable work of the Interracial have made him a great statesman, Commission which promotes bet- educator, jurist, editor or business ter racial understanding between 2

man, John R. Mott has turned a illustrated by an incident that oc- deaf ear to the many appeals that curred a few years ago on a visit would remove him from the field to Manila that lasted only thirty of distinctive Christian work. hours but was historic. He ad- When he was a student at Cornell, dressed a convocation at the Uni- more than forty years ago, he made versity of the Philippines one a decision that completely changed afternoon, when the grandstand on the course of his life. One eve- the athletic field was filled with ning, coming in late at a crowded students and members of the fac- student meeting where the famous ulty, and hundreds more were Cambridge University cricketer, standing on either side of the plat- J. E. K. Studd, was speaking, he form. IDs subject was "Christ, as heard the following words: "Seek- our hope in overcoming tempta- est thou great things for thyself; tions." It was an unusual address seek them not." He heard little for a convocation of the University more, but this text led to a great but the students were very respon- soul struggle which resulted in his sive. He impressed all who heard decision to turn his back on the him as being on the Lord's business laW, the profession for which he and not his own.

WJl.S preparing. From that day he In International Affairs has done everything within his power to strengthen the Church Theodore Roosevelt described of Christ and build the Kingdom Mott as a man who had rendered of God on earth. To prove his most consistent, useful and disin- loyalty to the new purpose to which terested service in the United he dedicated his life, Mott has re- States and in many other coun- fused business offers that would tries. Chief Justice Taft has said: have given him a large income; he "There is no one of the present day has also declined college presiden- who has a greater world vision of cies and could not be persuaded to promoting the better side of all accept the high office of American men and more experience in fitting Minister to the Republic of China him to do so than Dr. Mott. Lead- which President Wilson urged him ers in centers of influence the to consider. world over are familiar with his "A man cannot be a Christian capacity and genius. This has alone," he has repeatedly main- made him a great agent in the tained as he has urged men and progress of civilization."

boys to avail themselves of the When the degree of Doctor of privileges of the church and Laws was conferred upon him at to take up the responsibilities. Princeton University in 1911, he Through him thousands of men was characterized as "a devisor of have thus been led to dedicate their national and international agen- lives to the Christian ministry at cies" and as "a traveler over four home or abroad. The Association continents in search of room for has been recognized as "an arm work." Twice he was sent on po- of the church" or "the Church's litical missions by President Wil- auxiliary" not as an independent son who regarded him "as one of organization. the most useful men in the world."

Dr. Mott's devotion to the cause In 1916 he was a member of the of Christ, above all other causes, is American and Mexican Joint Com-

JOHN R. MOTT-CHRISTIAN STATESMAN

mission to settle the difficulties be- ceived its chief stimulus in the be- tween the two countries and in ginning from him. Its aim was to 1917 he was a member of the Spe- establish self-supporting and self- cial Diplomatic Mission to Russia, propogating associations in the headed by Elihu Root. strategic cities of foreign lands un- He has been decorated many· der native leadership. A network times, for the distinctive services of modern buildings which serve as he has rendered. In addition to demonstration centers all over the those already mentioned, he has re- world testify to the success of the ceived the Imperial Order of Meiji enterprise.

of Japan, the Order of Polonia Matt's activity in the missionary Restituta of Poland, the Order of enterprise and his influence in or- the Saviour of Greece, the Order ganizing Christian forces in all of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem lands lea to his being regarded as and the Second Order of the Crown one of the most constructive re- of Siam. He is probably ac- ligious geniuses since John Wesley.

quainted personally with more His ability to unify and coordinate crowned heads and leaders of disorganized and unrelated forces State than any other living Amer- has resulted in effecting large econ- iean. It has been said that before amy, in the reduction of overlap- the war, he knew every prime min- ping, and in the minimizing of na- ister in Europe. tional and denominational friction.

Where in the history of Chris- The World Missionary Confer- tian work, has any other man held ence held in Edinburgh in 1910 five positions of major importance was planned to develop a program simultaneously? Dr. Mott has, at of closer cooperation and unity the same time, held the unique dis- among all evangelical churches.

tinction of being president of the Mott at forty-five was chairman of World's Alliance of the Young the conference which brought to- Men's Christian Associations, gether 1,200 delegates from all Chairman of the World's Student over the world. His work was so Christian Federation, Chairman of noteworthy that the University of the International Missionary Coun- Edinburgh conferred upon him the cil, General Secretary of the Na- degree of LL.D. even before the tional Council of the Young Men's convention was called to order.

Christian Associations of the This conference ended the policy United States, and Chairman of of separate action on the part of the Institute of Social and Re- mission societies in their approach ligious Research. For some years to the world task. Out of the con- he was also Chairman of the Ex- ference there sprang a Continua- ecutive Committee of the Student tion Committee, which "advanced Volunteer Movement and very ac- . by great strides the cause of in- tive in the Foreign Missions Con- ternational cooperation." As chair- ference of North America. Any man of this committee, Dr. Mott one of these positions would tax drew together in area after area, the capacities of an ordinary man. national missionary councils, both Foreign Misssion Activity in "sending" and in "receiving" countries. Those in China, Japan, The foreign work of the Young India, North Africa and Eastern Men's Christian Association re- Asia and Latin America. by the

incorporation of the indigenous a youth movement. Having taken churches, became National Christian Councils. These in turn were this step he does not hover around united in a great new organization to become "Chairman of the -t h e International Missionary Board" but he has already started Council, which last April closed its on a tour of India in connection remarkable sessions at Jerusalem. with his impo~tant duties as Chair- man of the International Mission- A Great New Task ary Council-a task of such urgent character as to require the exercise Recently Mott has resigned as of all his powers. He firmly be- General Secretary of the Associa- lieves that the Christian world sittion movement in the United uation demands that leaders every- State~, but it is not that he may where "re-think, re-state, re-interseek rest and settle down in the pret and apply the Christian messtuffy atmosphere of the study to sage, and, where necessary revise reminisce about the past. He has plans and methods." To this task resigned to make way for youth in he will now devote all his powers.

THE SECRET OF SUCCESS By JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., New York W HAT is the secret of obtaining the men and the women needed and the money required for missions? In every land and among all peoples, wherever Christ is exalted as the living Christ, people see that He should have right of way in themselves and full control of all that they have or ever may possess. It is inconceivable that the living Christ, who rose from the dead, should stand out in any company, or before any individual who acknowledges Christ, and not accomplish marvelous things-things that transcend all other experiences and that are sufficient to meet every need.

Why is it that in some colleges and seminaries, in certain homes and conventions, strong lives have been surrendered in such numbers, whereas, in other colleges and in other homes and conventions there have not been such offerings? The more deeply I have studied these cases, the more fully I have been convinced that the secret has been that in the former places Christ was lifted up, and in other cases He was not. In one case the conditions were complied with, and as a result He manifested Himself. Old things passed away, all things became new; the right motives asserted themselves and dominated. The men and the money needed were forthcoming.

The only method that will bring forward workers who will stand the test in the day of trial and temptation, the workers who recognize that they receive their call not from man, and not from a dead Christ, but from a living Christ, and the only way in which we can obtain the money needed, and that will not bring greater dangers than now surround us, is the lifting up of Christ. We must hold Him up in our own lives primarily, in our homes and churches, conventions and conferences, in our board meetings and committees. We will say less perchance about the motives and about the methods, and more about Him, and we will leave Him free to work.

If we will let the living Christ stand out in the central place, then we will have times of refreshing from His presence.

"I WAS IN PRISON AND YE CAME UNTO ME"

BY VINCENT J. STEFFAN Pri80n ChapZa.in-at-LMg6 in America "SIT down, young man, and tell I believe in all sane prison re- your story," said the warden forms. The old system of brutal- of a western Penitentiary, ity was a crime against society, as he looked into the eyes of his as well as against the executioner.

caller, .the Rev. Vincent J. Steffan, The coddling or pampering of the one-time gangster and society's prisoners is equally wrong. It fell outcast, but now the Prison Chap- to my lot to be punished frequent- lain-at-Iarge of America. The ly, while an inmate of prisons, and story told by this visitor as to his the reaction against brutish treat- rise from the depths of depravity ment was always bad. Much is to an honored place of an ordained being said about the contributing Christian minister, brought out causes of crime: heredity, disease, the warden's sympathetic response, and environment, but in my judg- for he himself had risen from a ment men are in prison simply be- common guard to the highest posi- cause they will lie, steal, cheat, and tion of authority. During the kill-hating the right and loving course of conversation, he said: the wrong.

"Prisoners should be treated with If the policy of prison manage- absolute justice; punished speed- ment fails to rectify this wrong ily when rules are violated, and attitude toward truth and law, encouraged and rewarded for good toward man and God, then the in- behaviour." The two were agreed mate is sure to be turned out upon that the old system of prison man- society in a worse state than when agement with its corporal punish- he entered the prison. We cite a ment, shaved head, s t rip e d recent example. A released pris- uniform, and lock-step, is a relic oner was placed in my care to se- of the past. The new system em- cure his employment. To my braces unlimited privileges of cor- astonishment, upon questioning respondence, sports in season, the man, I found him very bitter entertainment and movies, free to- against churches and preachers.

bacco, and other privileges. Both He said, "A preacher sent me to systems, however, fail to produce the penitentiary, and held out true reformation. against my securing pardon."

The writer spent twelve years Here was a case of a perverted in prisons as a prisoner, and since sense of justice. This fellow, in his conversion has devoted his life company with two other gangsters, to the ministry of the Gospel had held up the minister at the among the prisoners of America, point of a gun, relieving him of "that they also may obtain the his valuables. Because the minsalvation which is in Christ Jesus, ister did his duty as a citizen, this with eternal glory," (2 Timothy criminal claimed that he thereby 2: 10) with its accompanying dishonored the God he represented. According to the criminal the min- cheer and inspiration to good citi- ister should have failed to appear zenship. in court against him.

965

Having this perverted view of Lord Jesus Christ, a notable law and its enforcement, is the change in the prisoners' conduct criminal hopeless? I believe he is takes place. When the prisoner not. The real remedy and vital decides the son question, while still need is the presentation of the Gos- serving time, not only is the sin pel of the Grace of God, with its question settled, but he becomes a supernatural power to save and to model prisoner, and unconsciously keep. Show me the man who has prepares himself for the time of received Christ in his heart, and his release. He is able to start on I will show you the man who is a higher plane, with the Spirit of subject to discipline. "Christ is God in him and guiding him.

the end of the law for righteous- "I was let out of prison, and ye ness to everyone that believeth." Christians befriended me," he (Romans 10: 4.) should be able to say, for the great need at the present moment is a The messenger of God to pris- better feeling toward the man who oners should be a man who knows has "served time." Nothing should the Gospel by regenerating experi- be done to make it difficult for him ence, with ability to present it in to win an honest place among men. a safe and sane way, and one who knows life in the "Big House," be- Surely the man just out of prison ing familiar with the prisoners' is entitled to a fresh start in life, ways. without unnecessary prejudice In one of the principal eastern toward him because of his past. state penitentiaries, the lax meth- Our Prison Association aims to ods of government, with failure to perform a duty which is incorpoenforce discipline, resulted in such rated in the Great Commission of deplorable conditions that one of our blessed Lord. Thus the friendthe officers said: "In those days less prisoner finds a friend who we were not so much afraid of the has faith in him. The Gospel is prisoners, as the guards themselves preached in penal and correctionduring the grave-yard shift. Not al institutions throughout the infrequently, when addressing the United States; Bibles, Testaments, prisoners, we were obliged to as- Gospels, and suitable literature are sume an apologetic attitude toward freely distributed among these oththem, lest we hurt their feelings !" erwise neglected men and women. A complete change was effected This ministry has been owned and when a military type of system blessed of God in a marked way. was introduced. In place of drug Many outstanding cases of conand booze traffic, with its horrible version, including that of notoriresults, along with confusion and ous criminals, might be described. disorder, there was established or- Interesting indeed are the workder and discipline. This was ings of the Holy Spirit in the transbrought about by the selection of formation of the lives of those a genuine leader who gathered hardened through sin. * about him an unusual class of men for his assistants. .. The Vincent J. Steffan Prison Association, This is a great need of our pris- 804 VitherspOoll Building, Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania, will be glad to lllail to anyone inons throughout the country, and terested a free copy of its quarterly leaflet, when· it is linked with instruction which giv('s in brief form a survey of its acin simple faith in God, through the tivIties and prison visitations, also the, story of n modern miracle of grace, as seen m the life of Prisoner Number 27975.

CHURCHES AND WORLD

BY MRS. JEANNETTE W. EMRICH, New York ~;eoretary oj Oommission on International Justice and Good Will.. Federal OounaU oj Ohurches "The business of the Church is to make my business impossible."

-GENERAL HAIG.

T HE building of friendship, 4. The members of the confer- understanding and good will ence should, if possible, be officially has a definite part in the new designated by their respective program of the church. Mission- churches and should report back aries will have a difficult time in a the findings and recommendations country that dislikes America and of the conference for church conthat feels that we misunderstand sideration and action.

it and are unjust in our attitude 5. The chairman of the confertoward it. The building of world ence, as a rule, should not be the peace is a responsibility of the chairman of the Findings Commit- Church today. Is your church tee. He should help the conference thinking seriously on this matter? to do its best thinking and be re- sourceful in securing equal par- One effective method is to hold ticipation by all in the discussion. LOCAL STUDY CONFERENCES in which the leaders in the churches 6. Local conditions must determay directly face the urgent ques- mine the period of the conference. tions of the day and may share in If possible, it should continue at framing the needed policies. least two days. Discussion topics should be carefully selected and Suggestions for Local Conferences should not be too vague or too numerous for thorough work. 1. The conference should range if possible between fifty and one 7. It will probably be better to hundred members. Should more frame two or even three findings desire to participate, it will prob- on the point in question, in order ably be better to hold two confer- that conscientious convictions may ences in different sections of the be adequately expressed. city. 8. The individual c h u r c h e s 2. Should the conference much should be invited to send delegates, exceed fifty, it would probably be the number from each church beadvantageous to divide into two ing stated. Care should be taken groups for the preliminary discus- that women and young people are sions and tentative formulation of adequately represented. findings. 9. The syllabus of the Washing- 3. The Findings Committee ton Study Conference on the should not exceed five; three in Churches and World Peace, which most cases will be able to do better was well fitted for its purpose, has work. They should be chosen with been reprinted, and might well be a view to their familiarity with the used by regional conferences. Here problems of world justice and are given" a large number of urgent peace, and to their ability to use topics, presented in qUestion form, accurate English, compact sen- calculated to stimulate thought and tences and clear style.

967

discussion. The syllabus can be sued by the Federal Council declarhad in quantity at ten cents a copy. ing our belief: [Address Continuation Committee, National 1. That war should be renounced and Study Conference on Churches and World never again be resorted to by civilized Peace, 105 East 22d Street, New York, N, Y.] nations as the means for settling dis- putes, enforcing national claims or seek- Church Cooperation ing national objectives.

In December the PARIS PEACE 2. That war should be made a crime PACT, which is now before the by specific provision of international law. world, comes before the Senate of the United States for ratification. 3. That the settlement of every threat- All responsible nations have been ening dispute, whatever its nature, invited to agree in .solemn treaty should never be sought except by pacific to renounce war as a means of set- means. tling disputes. 4. That even regarding disputes which It was signed in Paris on August the nations involved may not be ready 27, 1928, by representatives of the to submit to arbitration or judicial set- United States and fourteen other tlement, they should nevertheless pledge nations. Forty-nine additional na- themselves not to resort to war. tions have also been invited to sign this Peace Pact. 5. That solemn engagements pledging the good faith of the nations in these Its essential features are in the vital matters are essential to the developfollowing two articles: ment of the spirit of mutual confidence which must precede a general movement Art. I. The high contracting parties for thorough-going disarmament. solemnly declare in the names of their respective peoples that they condemn We therefore respectfully express to recourse to war for the solution of in- President Coolidge and the Senate our ternational controversies, and renounce earnest hope and desire that the mulit as an instrument of national policy in tilateral treaty for renouncing war as their relations with one another. an instrument of national policy, now before the nations, may be promptly Art. II. The high contracting parties ratified. agree that the settlement or solution of all disputes or conflicts, of whatever na- If the Senate has not already passed ture or of whatever origin they may be, on this question send in which may arise among them, shall never be sought except by pacific means. a. Signatures from your group. b. Ask your friends to sign. Secretary Kellogg has said: "In c. Write a short personal letter to the name of the Government of the your two United States Senators in sup- United States, I bespeak the con- port of this Peace Pact. tinued support of every church in the present movement for the pro- [Printed copy of the Memorial may be semotion of world peace." eured by writing to 105 East 22d Street, New York, N. Y.l Has your church signed the Memorial issued by the Cause and A Four Weeks' Study Course of the Cure of War or the Memorial is- Multilateral Anti-War Pact of Paris. sued by the Federal Council of called "The Proposal to Renounce War," Churches endorsing this multi- is also available. lateral anti-war treaty? How well informed are the wom- Broadway Tabernacle sent in a en in your church in regard to this thousand signatures, practically all great forward step to abolish war? its church members signing. You will want to know something of the background of the move- The following is the endorse- ment. You will want to be clear ment given in the Memorial is- about the problems involved in the proposal. You will want to under- stand the real significance of the treaty when adopted.

[Reference books and pamphlets are sug~ gested In this stndy pamphlet. Price 15 cents, Address Commission on International Justice and Good Will, 105 East 22d Street New York, N. Y.l • Where can we secure a leader for such a course?

THE CHURCHES AND WORLD PEACE

1. Your pastor. The following is from the chapter, 2. Your delegate to the Cause "What you can do for Peace" : and Cure of War. "Radio.-A radio school on interna- 3. From the International Rela- tional relations is being conducted by Mills College. tions Department of your local Woman's Club. "A radio forum has been .one of the successful ventures of the Pennsylvania 4. The Y. W. C. A. Branch of the W. I. L. 5. League of Women Voters, etc. "The 'radio teas' are a special inven- Read and discuss the follow- tion of the Southern California Council ing International Ideals of the on International Relations in order that Churches of Christ in America: its members may make the best possible use of the half hour on Friday after- I. We Believe that nations no less noons that they furnish speakers for a than individuals are subject to God's im- local station. mutable moral laws. "Libraries.-In addition to the exten- II. We Believe that nations achieve sive classified bibliography covering all true welfare, greatness and honor only phases of the peace movement, we find through just dealing and unselfish serv- in this book an account of the 'Internaice. tional Mind Alcoves' furnished by the Carnegie Foundation; of certain travel- III. We Believe that nations that re- ing libraries; of the Handy Shelf of gard themselves as Christian have spe- latest books on international relations; cial international obligations. and of 'The Children's Tour Around the Globe.' IV. We Believe that the spirit of Christian brotherliness can remove every "Armistice Day.-A children's interunjust barrier of trade, color, creed and national party for the afternoon of race. Armistice Day is a brilliant Buggestion that has come from Pasadena. V. We Believe that Christian patriotism demands the practice of good "Ottawa, Canada, developed a shopwill between nations. window display to show the desolation and waste of war and the economic in- VI. We Believe that international terdependence that has followed the war. policies should secure equal justice for all races. "Good Will Day.-The use of May 18, appointed by the World Federation of VII. We Believe that all nations Educational Associations as World Good should associate themselves permanently Will Day, varies from 'The Internafor world peace and good will. tional Night' arranged by the Lions Club of Rock Springs, Wyoming, to the 'Fes- VIII. We Believe in international tival of Nations' in Southern California law, and in the universal use of inter- and the 'Dance of Nations' which the national courts of justice and boards of Cleveland Press promotes. arbitration. "Menwrial Day.-The extension of IX. We Believe in a sweeping reduc- Memorial Day observance to include the tion of armaments by all nations. 'heroes of social construction' has be- come the practice in Cincinnati and else- X. We Believe in a warless world, where; 'Miners, railroaders, builders, and dedicate ourselves to its achieve- electricians, mechanics, firemen, policement. men, explorers, physicians, nurses, moth- ers, and others upon whose risks and Do they relate themselves to the sufferings life depends, form an army study material in your Home and larger than any fighting force of which Foreign Missions Textbook? history has record.'

BETWEEN WAR AND PEACE "Schools.-The chapter on the promo- tion of international understanding What do you know about new through the schools and colleges is one methods? Under this question, the of the richest chapters in the book. We new technique that is being devel- will not minimize its importance by an oped in the peace movement is con- attempt to give here any impression of its contents.

sidered in a handbook for peace "The Church and Peace" and workers, which is now on sale by Macmillan Co. Mrs. Florence "Women and Peace" are two other Brewer Boeckel, the author, has very full chapters but they are spent a solid year on the book. hardly more important than the chapters discussing the relations

of commerce, labor, farmers, war e. Colonial expansion. Comveterans and young people respec- pare English and Spanish tively to the great issue of our American policy. time. f. Modern war s between Part three of the book com- Christian nations. prises what Mrs. Boeckel calls "Introductions to further study of in- 2. Are missions favored or hinfluences for and against world dered by peace? peace." These influences include a. In above list compare and the efforts that are being made to contrast the Christian organize the world for peace missionary with the Mothrough the League of Nations, hammedan m iss i 0 nthe World Court, the outlawry of ary. The Buddhist miswar, arbitration and international sionary. law; and national policies affect- b. Is there any difference being peace such as the development tween policy of Catholic of our military establishment, the and Protestant? Monroe Doctrine, nationalism, imperialism and immigration. The 3. Do missions really help make nature and cost of modern war are for peace? freshly described. The book ends a. Is a foreign missionary with the chapter on "What You entitled to military protec- Can Do For Peace," and the bibli- tion from horne? ography. b. Has Christian missionary activity prepared the way FIJ~~c~o~~e~~~1,b53~ei~~td s~~e:t~dN~,V~V;~h: for civil wars in China? For the Indian national ngton, D. C. Price $2.5Q. movement?

An excellent "Discussion Outline 4. When missions means the sendon War and Peace" can be found ing of really superior people, in the Epworth Herald of July called missionaries, to help 7th. It will be found helpful in those of inferior opportunities, guiding a discussion, in locating are missions justified? the problem and arriving at the solution. 5. What is the real purpose of missions? International Relationships and Missions 6. How do the religious affilia- tions of the people in a nation The following outline is offered influence our attitude? Italy, by the United Christian Mission- Turkey, England, etc. ary Society, Indianapolis, Indiana, under the theme "Social Adven- Peace Education in Your Church tures with Jesus." What one church has done to cultivate National relations and missions. International Good Will. Broadway 1. Discuss the national movements Tabernacle (Ne'v York). Council of In- that have hindered or helped ternational Good Will. missions. a. Per sec uti 0 n of early An increasing conviction has church by Roman and Jewish authorities. come to many of the followers of b. The loss of prestige of the Roman Empire, 4th to 7th Christ that they have a responsi- centuries. c. The Crusades. bility for the attitude of His d. Medireval wars in Europe. Church towards International Re- lations.

ORGANIZATION.-The Council of International Good Will was initi- ated by Dr. Jefferson and heid its first meeting on January 16, 1925.

Its membership was made up of two representatives from each of the five large organizations in the Church; the Sunday-school, the Young People's Society of Chris- tian Endeavor, the Women's Club, the Society for Women's Work and the Men's League. The

Church Committee and the BJard It has suggested subjects for of Trustees are also represented on meetings and activities suitable this Council. The assistant pastor for the different groups in the is likewise a member. A Chair- Church and furnished speakers man, Secretary and Treasurer, when desirable. All of the orand a Secretary of Literature ganizations have adopted the were then elected. "Creed on International Ideals" and have endorsed the activities A FOURFOLD OBJECTIVE.-It is suggested by the Council. the Council's purpose to: MEETINGS AND PROJECTS SPON- 1. Encourage the study and discussion SORED.-Typical meetings headed of international problems in the various by various clubs and societies organizations of the Church. were: Discussion of the World Court; Discussion of "Interna- 2. Establish a shelf of helpful books, tional Ideals"; Discussion of the for such sV.ldy, in the Church library. Fellowship of Youth for Peace; Discussion of a Trip Around the 3. Assist in initiating and developing WorId; Discussion of Racial Re- Armistice Day programs. lationship in the United States; Discussion of the Lausanne Treaty; 4. Influence the action of the Church Discussion of the Use in the Bible membership on World Peace. School of Songs, Poems and Stories with an International Point of EDUCATIONAL EFFECT. – The View, calculated to bring about Council was organized to meet understanding and appreciation of monthly, on a regular day. Wednes- the peoples of other lands. day was chosen because of the supper group already meeting at RESULTS.-It would be imposthat time. The value of these sible to enumerate all of the results regular meetings of the Council to of these three years of effort or to its members and through them to estimate how much of the result of the organizations has been shown information and education was due in many ways. to the Council or to the other agencies in the Church or to the The Council has familiarized teaching from the pulpit. Certhem with available literature tainly some prejudices have been from the Federal Council of obliterated, sympathies widened Churches and other Church and and horizons lifted-the effect of peace societies and also with the the organized effort of the Broadoutput of material from denomina- way Tabernacle Council of Intertional headquarters, and has in- national Good Will. formed them about national and international movements working Methods for Children toward World Peace. FRIENDSHIP PROJECTS. – Infor- It has encouraged reports of the mation can be secured from the members on the activities of the Committee on World Friendship organizations which they repre- among Children, 289 Fourth Avesent and arranged for groups to nue, New York, N. Y. take charge of such activities as circulating petitions and obtaining The story of the first project signatures to them; for example, with Japan is told in a well-illusthe petition on the United States trated volume now under preparajoining the World Court of International Justice, the petition on the limitation of the Naval Building Program, and the Memorial on the Briand Peace Proposal.

tion. It will be ready the early school children. Six boys' bags and part of 1929. six girls' bags. Classes to organ- ize by grades, each grade to take a The second project with the bag. One committee to provide the children of Mexico ends this money to purchase the bag, the month (December). One result other to provide the gifts. Typehas been the writing into the cur- written lists of gifts, copied from riculum of the primary schools in the March Everyland, were given Mexico a course on World Friendship among Children. A reciprocal each Chairman. All gifts to be friendship project is planned for brought in on May sixth and 1929. Mexico plans to send 49 packed ready to send by the combeautiful exhibits of the Arts and mittees at the last meeting. Industries of that country, one for each state in the United States and Educational Work: Each Chairone for Washington. They will be man in order to interest the group placed eventually, as were the must be able to explain the project Japanese dolls, in the children's and also to tell some interesting museums in each state. facts about Mexico. The Chair- men under eight years of age can The third' project has not yet ask an older boy or girl to help them. The boys and girls over been decided upon. Committees on eight must do the work them- World Friendship among Children are to be organized in other coun- selves. tries with the idea of a possible international cooperation on a proj- Program Materials ect. "Eighteenth of May." History of its A Friendship Committee of the Observance as Peace Day, by Lyra D. Church School was organized in Trueblood. Washington, A mer i can the Church of the Heavenly Rest, Peace Society, 1915. 12 pp. 5 cents. New York, N. Y. This report of it was given: "A Model Assembly of the League of Nations." New York, League of Na- Class Organization: Each class tions Non-Partisan Association, March, a Friendship Committee. Officers 1927. 9 pp. 5 cents. -Chairman, Secretary and Treasurer. Meetings – at close of "School Exercise for the Observance Church School session subject to of the Eighteenth of May." Arranged by call of the chair. Fannie Fern Andrews. (Boston, Amer- ican School Citizenship League.) 4 pp. School Organization: Commit- No charge. tee of the Whole. Adult Chairman, Members made up of the "Suggestions for Peace Programs in Class Chairmen. Subject to call of Schools, Colleges and Other Peace Meetthe chair, meetings to be held after ings." Sixth Edition, 1927. Philadel- phia, Committee on Peace and Service, the Church School session. Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Friends, Report of Work: Twelve bags to 1927. 6 pp. 2 cents.

be sent to our friends the Mexican "The World Today." 1928. 12 Maps especially prepared by James G. Mc- Donald of the Foreign Policy Associa- tion, 18 East 41st Street, New York, N. Y. Price 10 cents. These are neces- sary and valuable in the study of any country. An excellent one of Africa will prove helpful this year.

OPEK AIR CO~IlfUNION · SERVICE IN OKE OF THE BANZA

OUTSTATIONS IN THE BELGIAN CONGO AFRICAN LEADERSHIP FOR AFRICA BY REV. JOHN E. GEIL, VENTNOR, N. J.

T HE new and changing Africa bring men and women everywhere is confronted with social, to Jesus Christ is the supreme economic, political and re- business of the Christian Church.

ligious problems. The Christian Men and women are needed who Church is, or should be, especially can and will teach and preach and concerned about the last of these live the Gospel. These teachers and which calls for Christian evangel- preachers of the Word with all its ism and education. A godless saving power and fulness must not civilization and a Christless re- be simply a few "foreign" missionligion will never save Africa from aries who are scattered here and decay and destruction. A form of there, but natives themselves who religion without knowledge and have received and appropriated the without power and a smattering of gospel message and are fully prelearning without stability of Chris- pared by nature, training and a tian character will not help, much divine call to propagate it. It less save, Africa. It is one thing to therefore becomes a matter of conrelease a people from their re- siderable importance to know to ligious moorings and superstitious what extent we have such leaders and heathenish rites and customs and to what extent we may have and another thing to keep them them.

from drifting on the rocks with- Not many of the sons and out chart, compass, pilot or haven. daughters of Africa have become The hope of Africa and of the great religious leaders or attained world today is in Jesus Christ and to prominence of any sort in the His saving power and grace. To eyes of the world. However, in any 973

just consideration and estimation whether regarded as a part of of Christian native workers in evangelistic work or apart from it, Africa we must keep in mind the is absolutely necessary to conserve fact that we are for the most part the results of evangelistic effort.

dealing with,immature Christians Evangelistic work itself is limited of the 'second cor third generation in kind and extent to the supply who were poorly prepared for the of well-trained native leaders and reception of the Gospel with all its workers. Becaqse there has been exacting and revolutionizing de- a lack of proper balance and pro, mands. They deserve to be judged portion in mission work in Africa, and estimated by the same stand- the Christian Church is facing ards which are applied to other glorious opportunities with de- races at the same stage of develop- ficient and defective leadership.

ment. We can hardly expect them The universal cry is for more to possess in large measure all the leaders and workers while the rank virtues and graces but it is a satis- and file of the native church are faction to find them in possession groveling in the dark in the midst of many of them and to know that of delusions, snares and pitfalls they have t,he capacity for becom- and the masses remain unsaved.

ing good Christian workers and Materialism, atheism, Mohammed- leaders. The eternal Spirit of God anism, Catholicism, and nation- is brooding over and working in alism are saluting and beckoning.

the hearts and lives of Africans, False prophets and such as would bringing them from savagery and do them hurt and harm are spring- barbarism to lives of usefulness ing up in the name of the Lord and and service for their Master and are deceiving the very elect.

for their fellowmen. This trans- . In attempting to point out what formation from darkness to light seems to be a weakness and danger which is taking place at an un- we are not unmindful of the splen- c precedented rate is attended with did work which has been done. In opportunities, problems and dan- the Belgian Congo where the work gers which demand the closest at- was begun fifty years ago among tention and best effort of the an animistic and primitive people, Christian Church. who seemed to be and were de- It has become evident to Chris- clared by some to be hopeless, there tian statesmen and educators who are now evangelists and teachers have studied Africa that enough i)f ability and power who are fill- attention has not been given to ing large places and carrying big native leadership without which responsibilities. Much of the Africa cannot progress or survive. church work is directed, controlled Without saying that evangelism and supported by the natives them- has been or can be overemphasized selves. They have also a large it is safe to say that in some in- share in carrying on school and stances, perhaps in many, too much medical work. One native of or- effort has been put forth in getting dinary intelligence and limited people into the church and not training began and established a enough in taking care of them new work in a new section which after they are there. Educational was far removed from his own and institutional work of the right country and people and for a num- kind and in the right proportion, ber of years carried it on alone

AFRICAN LEADERSHIP FOR AFRICA

in the face of opposition and per- Spirit of God and their own resecution. Natives have with cred- sources. We dare not be content it to themselves looked after the to have simply helpers, assistants work of stations while mission- and agents, but we must press on aries have been on furlough. The towards the goal of the high callpity of it is that there are not more ing which is to be found in a body of these raithful and efficient of men and women who are workers. May it riot be that we numerous enough and resourceful have at times been" t()O much con- enough to meet the needs of the cerned with the appilluse "which Church in every way. The greatest comes from reporting converts, need of the Christian Church apart that we have found it easier and from the abiding presence of the A GROUP OF NA'l'IVE WORKERS IN ATTENDANCE AT ONE OF 'i'HE REGULAR IfONTIILY ~mETINGS OF THE BANZA lIIANTEKA CHURCH IN THE BELGIAN CONGO pleasanter to push out into the be- Spirit of God is for native leaders yond rather than to confine and who are well trained and thoroughapply ourselves to the exacting ly Christian and will raise up tci task of training leaders. that we themselves an intelligent, well-tohave preferred to be masters do. strong body of men and women rather than advisors and counsel- who as laymen will constitute the lors, that we have over-emphasized backbone of the church and share the inexperience of the natives and in the bearing of its burdens, and failed to recognize and utilize their in the providing of a Christian enworth and capabilities? The na- vironment which will uplift and tives are seeking light and help ennoble character. but are not demanding places of trust and leadership. In fact they It is generally recognized and must be forced to rely upon the admitted that the native of Africa is not inherently deficient in the

essential qualities of Christian of teachers and members of the leadership. The few leaders whom church who assisted him in the we now have point to the many singing of Gospel hymns and in the whom we might have. It has been offering of prayer which preceded said that the discovery of one his work of healing which was done diamond indicates diamondiferous in the name of Jesus of Nazareth soil. The native of Africa who has and was attended by violent shak- become a new man in Christ Jesus ings on his part and on the part of has a passion for souls and for all who followed in his train.

service based upon the urgency of Much of the teaching of Kibangu the Gospel, he has organizing and of those who pretended to ability and a capacity for adminis- share with him in his divine com- trative work, he has a retentive mission was good. Fetishism, memory and the power to acquire witchcraft, polygamy, drunken- knowledge quickly and correctly, ness, dancing etc., were forbidden he has a capacity for friendship and in many instances were given and skill in dealing with men and up. Prayer and praise and worship situations, he has unlimited pa- were encouraged and enjoined.

tience, indomitable courage, tenac- Those who were to share in the ity of purpose, a sense of humor, great deliverance which was com- fluency of speech and an intense ing must get right with God religious sense which shows itself through the forsaking of their evil in deeds and not creeds. If the soil ways and unite with the church is properly tilled and the right seed and continue steadfastly in the is wisely sown, there is no part of prophet's teaching and in prayer.

the world where we can count with When the movement was sup- greater certainty on a mighty re- pressed by the government and the turn than amongst the pagan and prophets and their main supporters animistic tribes of the so-called were carried into exile their last dark continent. words of admonition to their fol- It might be well in this connec- lowers were that they should not tion to review briefly the life and weep or lament for them but watch work of Simon Kibangu who and pray and wait without waver- originated the "prophet move- ing and without doubting.

ment" and showed in a wonderful Apart from a few sections in way. the capacity of the native for which the prophet movement de- leadership. veloped an anti-white feeling, it Simon Kibangu was an obscure has been highly beneficial to evan- member of the church who was not gelism and the work of the church.

suspected by anybody of having The revival on the Congo is due qualities of leadership. He claimed largely if not entirely to the proph- to have a revelation from God with et movement. While the prophets instructions to preach and heal. have necessarily disappeared and He began this work in a near-by with them the outward manifesta- . village but was soon obliged to con- tions of the movement except such fine it to his own village where he as cannot be distinguished from the was visited by multitudes who work of the church, yet the parting flocked to him from far and near in words of the prophets linger in the quest of healing and help. He en- minds and hearts of the people who listed the confidence and services are awaiting the promised deliver-

ance from all oppression and in ac- Kibangu as being a true prophet .cord with the instructions of the and as such had a following second prophets are seeking to prepare only to that of Kibangu. With a the way of the Lord through big following he marched one Sunchurch membership. Whether con- day morning into a village in which sciously or unconsciously the the writer was holding special church has profited from the work meetings. As evidence of his high and teachings of the prophets and calling and commission he began the awakened interest and en- to shake violently evidently expectthusiasm which has resulted there- ing to arrest the attention of all from in the work of the church and the people and put himself in kingdom. To be sure reaction will follow sooner or later and the last- JOSHUA WA~IBA ing benefits will be determined not by the number of children of de- , toordanr!~I~e~hSOla~8e g'~~n:n:t~~e80~~B8e~:~~ luded hopes who have been admitted into the church without a Iy to proclaiming the freedom wherewith change of heart and life but by the Christ makes free . extent to which we have been enabled to bring them into the full charge of the meetings leaving the light of the Gospel and guide and missionary and his party to stand establish them in the truth as it is idly by in wonder and amazement. in Christ Jesus. In remonstrating with him I was told that we missionaries ought to Whatever else Kibangu may rejoice and be glad to see him and have been he was a great and suc- others doing so effectively the work cessful leader who secured and of the Lord which evidently we had maintained on his own account un- wanted to do and had been unable til his downfall and banishment to do, at least in such a large way. (which were doubtless brought He said we had given them the about 'by his growing fame and word of God and now they were popularity and indiscretions and using it effectively as we had excesses which resulted therefrom) such a following as no man, white or black, ever had in the Congo. Yet he was a man of ordinary standing in the church and town and unsuspected of having qualities of leadership. Who can say what the church has lost in failing to find, train and employ a man of such gifts and powers? There are many natives in Africa with latent qualities of leadership which through Christian education should be mobilized and capitalized in the work of the church and king- dom. Kibangu had a brother by the name of Ntwalani who also became a prophet and was recognized by 3

taught them. An old medal chief bind him and lift him up to higher and his advisors whom I was try- planes of purity and service where ing to persuade to keep out of the he may exercise to the full all his movement and away from it used God-given powers. Indigenous the same argument. He insisted Christianity such as Africa needs that the prophets were actually do- and must have must be propagated ing what the missionaries had been by the natives themselves. If mis- wanting to do and had been trying sionaries fail in the finding and in vain for years to do. Certainly developing of men and women who it was of the' Lord and worthy of can be entrusted with the highest our support. Why should not the positions and carryon the work Lord grant deliverance to them of the church in its entirety they through their own leaders and en- fail utterly and completely. The trust His work to them even as he success of a missionary today in did to the Israelites? Africa is not to be determined by The great need of Africa today the number of years of service is for leadership which is com;- which he has had, or the hardships petent and Christian and the great which he has endured, or the num- work of the missionary is to assist ber whom he has added to the in the spe'edy production of thi,s church roll or by his popularity leadership. If the country is to be as a speaker or writer but by the saved for Christ and His church, number of competent native lead- missionary work must at least keep ers whom he has discovered and pace with scientific, commercial trained and put to work for the and industrial progress. Atheism Master. It is a sad fact which is does not thrive in Africa except becoming more generally known amongst certain of the white popu- that great powers of self-propaga- lation. The African has a faith in tion lie latent in African churches God and a zeal for God which need -powers of leadership and initia- only to be tempered by a true tive which, if evoked, confirmed knowledge of God to make him a and utilized would enable the fearless and effective worker. It church to enter the wide-open doors becomes the church to free him and possess the land which the speedily from the shackles that Lord our God has given it.

SOME AFRICAN PROVERBS In order to understand the wisdom of a people, it is necessary to study their proverbs. Here are some African proverbs that show wisdom, brevity and force: "The weasel has pride, the snake having gone out of its hole" (When the cat is away, the mice will play).

"Pots are made while the clay is in good condition" (Make hay while the sun shines).

"The cow licks the one that licks her" (Kindness brings its own reward).

"The potter eats out of a broken kettle" (The shoemakers' children go worst shod).

DR. C. E. WEST.

THROUGH CHINESEl.EYES*

BY TIMOTHY TINGFANG LEW, PH.D., Peking, China Dean Faculty of Theology (1921-6) "ren('/ting U'ni'Ver8ity~ Pekimg President of Grneral Board, C'll ina C'hriSti.n1J, Edu(JatiQna~ AS8o(Jiation FOUR factors in the situation restoration of China's rights has in China have important bear- made such headway in China to- ing upon the future policy of day. Some sophisticated people missions and the Christian Church generously give the credit to the in China. Many of the elements Russians, not knowing the quiet are temporary, even fleeting, but influence of textbooks which the four promise permanency and youth of the last twenty-five years growing power. have studied in their classrooms day in and day out and the labor First, the nationalized youth. of the school masters in China. If Nationalism has become a passion we fail to appreciate this factor, and almost a religion, replacing we shall be taken unawares. time-honored systems of ethics and religious faiths. It commands the The second factor in the present whole activity and becomes the cen- China situation is the organized ter of the absorbed attention of mass. Often has the question been the younger generation. Textbooks raised when foreigners discuss vahave been gradually but steadily rious movements in China: how revised and new ones have been much does such-and-such movewritten to embody this thought of ment affect the coolies or the farmnationalism. Games, plays are be- ers or the day laborers? Until reing devised to educate the little cently the answer has been "Very tots of three or four to illustrate little-a few students or returned this central theme. Normal train- students stir up all the trouing given to teachers also makes ble." But the situation is changed. this note predominant. Children It is far easier now to make the now begin their day's work stand- mass know and care than might ing at attention with bowed head be supposed. before the picture of the national hero, hear his last will read, and Organization of masses to act en some aspects of the political doc- bloc is not at all "a new invention trines of nationalism are ex- imported from Russia"! We have pounded by their teachers. School had that for the last 300 years. principals who are not nationalists It was that weapon with which the are removed. Manchu rule was overthrown. The only difference is between the se- It was only twenty years ago crecy in the past and the openness when a few quiet writers of text- in the present. In the next few books incorporated into these texts years one may witness the rapidly the stories of how China lost her organized laborers, farmers, coolies harbors, foreign concessions, and in working units, efficient and powall other grievances. People won- erful, subject to influence of suggesdered why the movement for the tion, useful to demigods, yet with • P,.J"('('rptR from 1111 addr('RR dr1ircr('d rtf t1l(' ThirtY-fifth Fardyn J{isxiallJl (lrm.frTf'11(,f'.

979

great possibilities for progress and the other. Such a group may have welfare of the nation if they come all the defects of autocracy and is under good influence. not free from many of the defects The third factor in the present of inefficiency, but it is neverthe- situation is the popularization of less achieving results.

the technique of propaganda. The All these four factors will have first two factors could not have the important bearing upon the mishope of effective accomplishment sionary work in China, and, there- . were it not for the adoption of the fore, we cannot discuss our future new technique of propaganda. The missionary policy profitably with- Chinese have learned how to adopt out constantly keeping these four a platform, how to state things factors before our minds.. simply and with effectiveness, so that those who run may read, or In missionary work we have dethose who are slow may be im-· veloped a set of standards, methods pressed. They are taking the and technique to deal with differ- ent situations. They are perfectly things out of devious logic and are logical and correct, but China is handing them out to the people going through a period of transthrough efficient salesmanship. In a remarkably short time they have formation and social and spiritual achieved some wonderful results. revolution. The application of rem- eindgiestotocuwstroomngaryconnodritmioanls~eatchcoodrds- In a few years the conquest of China by different ideas will bring about intensive mental warfare in does not bring the desired results: The insisteI1ce upon such applica- Chinese minds. The fourth factor in the present tion without variation is harmful. aFosr~uedxeanmtpilne, in normal conditions situation is the rising authority of school, and especiaU; the committee system. In the last twenty years Chinese minds have a hIgh school student, has no busigone through three distinctive ness to meddle with politics. His changes of authority. The imperial duty is to study; to strike for system· of government centered all political reforms is, according to authority upon the imperial ruler, normal judgment, to be prohibited from whom a hierarchy of official- and severely dealt with. But China dom resulted, the members of is not in a normal condition. T-he which derived their authority from high .school boy in China may, in him. Each member in the group certam cases, have not only the derived his authority from the one right but the duty to take part in next above him. The authority of the national politics. officialdom together with the au- Bearing in mind the powerful thority of seniority of age in fam- factors in the Chinese situation illes and village system rules the and the dangers that are lurking around, may I outline a few of the life of the people. But recently a third form of au- dir~ctions in missionary policy thority has gradually been tried WhICh we may profitably discuss out and takes the place of indi- in our study of the situation in vidual leadership, that is the lead- China? They represent roughly ership of committees or of a the desires and hopes of many committee of leaders working to- thoughtful Chinese Christians who gether as a group, each watching are true friends of missionaries

LOOKING THROUGH CHINESE EYES

and the missions, as well as loyal Chinese today is not merely, "What members of the Chinese Church. shall I do that I may be saved?"

First, education for "home con- but also "What shall I do that our stituency" should take a new direc- nation may be saved?"

tion. It seems to me that the time Fourth, the Mission Boards is ripe to initiate a new program should continually take a very firm for missionary education, more stand on the rigid application of thoroughgoing in the change of Christian principles in interna- emphasis than any of the splendid tional relationship and try to help effort already made so far. Try China to achieve success in her to educate the home constituency struggle to obtain an untrammeled on the principle of spiritual inter- development, social and national.

dependence between the East and A study of the· sentiment of the the West. Shift the emphasis from Chinese Christians may be helpful the principle of paternal sympathy to those who have to make deci- and aid to that of fraternal coop- sions at home to find out some of eration and mutual endeavor to the lines that would indicate the build up a family of nations in the procedure to be taken.

Kingdom of God. Fifth, in mission and church gov- Second, the period of missionary ernment immediate beginnings training should be lengthened. should be made to change the whole Every missionary sent out to China program from the basis of over- should have adequate training in sight to the basis of cooperation.

democratic citizenship and the The position of a missionary in the technique of practical application field should be changed from that of Christianity in social, industrial of the teacher to that of the coach and political problems. Longer of an athletic team. Every part of furlough may be helpful, during the program and policy should give which scholarships should be pro- help to the movement of the in- vided for further study, and depu- digenous church. A coach directs tation speaking should be reduced the team, yet he is not the captain.

to a minimum. When the team wins the game, the Third, it may become necessary coach is not asked to go to the plat- that every missionary in China form to receive applause, but when should either become a naturalized the team goes wrong, the coach is Chinese or temporarily renounce the first name mentioned. But his foreign citizenship. If we hope everybody knows that the team that Christianity will really help owes everything to the coach and the birth and growth of a new na- the coach is absolutely indispen- tion in China, as it is the chief sable so long as there is a team that hope of the Chinese today, then 'needs coaching.

whosoever engages in Christian Sixth, in financial help the basis work in China in the next few dec- should be changed from that of ades must be imbued with the gift to that of sharing. There hopes and enthusiasms for her na- should be three kinds of mission- tional program and be able to help ary aid. The first is aid both in to guide and to correct the abuses man power and in finance; second, and wrong tendencies by a vigor- only man power without finance, ous application of Christian prin- that is to say, without finance be- ciples. The passionate cry of the yond the salary of the person; the

third, only finance without man The lesser great will surely have power. All these three types will a hard time. It may be necessary be needed. They should be equally respected and supported without for the mission boards, in the next discrimination. The third type few years, to help the missionaries may be increasingly important. The principle of no representation to make decisions which they may without taxation is a right and safe find it difficult to make in the field. rule to follow in normal human relations, but in the missionary Eighth, be prepared to make situation in China for the next few radical adjustments. There are decades, the best way may not be the normal and human way, but many adjustments ahead of us. the supernormal-the divine way. Try to make adjustment just a step In the transitional period of mission devolution this may be re- ahead of the situation that dequired by the exigencies of the situations. mands it. Do not wait until com- pelled to do so. In order to sense Seventh, coordination, combination, unification in different forms such a situation, when an adjustof missionary activities are more ment is profitably made, perhaps it imperative than ever. Only real good work will stand the storm of may be useful and helpful to you nationalism and public opinion. that more frequent opportunity Truly great institutions which can do really good work, so good that will be given to the voice of Chiheyond the reach of average Chi- nese leaders. Let them be heard nese endeavor, will have little to fear for the opportunity of service. not only in the mission field but also in America.

Dr. Timothy Lew is connected with several national organizations in China, including the National Christian Council and the China Christian Education Asso- ciation. He is a representative Christian Chinese, a minister of the Chinese Chris- tian Church, and a member of a family which has had five generations of bap- tized Christians, a family which has given a total of 105 years active service to the Church with missionaries.

THOUGHTS FOR THE THOUGHTFUL "Missionaries can explain their religion. The hard part is to explain their civilization."-Muskogee Phoenix.

"Justice demands that those unfaithful to the fruitful vines must not keep the vineyard."-The Watchman-Examiner.

"Without risk there would be no courage; without free choice there would be no character."-Dr. John Howard Melish.

"Our people are rubbing their eyes, they are standing on tiptoe, and with outstretched hands are rrying, 'We want to see Jesus.' "-C. Y. Cheng, of China.

"N0 chemical process, however startling and wonderful, is so marvelous as the change wrought in a human being who has been regenerated, born anew through the divine agency."-The United Presbyterian.

A VISIT TO BABYLON AND ITS JE"'S

BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., Haifa, Palestine Pa8tor ana i-I'uperintendcnt oj the Evangdiaul and Medical JIi88ion to fBrad M ESOPOTAMIA is the land great Hebrew Christian mission- between the Two Rivers, ary, Dr. Joseph Wolf, visited Bag- the Euphrates and Tigris; dad, and in 1844, Dr. Henry A. the land of the Arabian Nights Stern, another Hebrew Christian, adventures, Haroun-el-Raschid, his paid it a visit. The fact that no splendor, and the "Thief of Bag- definite qualified Jewish missiondad." Some called it the "Cradle ary was stationed there, led us to of Mankind." Archreologists, by make it a special matter of prayer their research and excavations con- and to bring it before loyal friends jure up a history and civilization long before the time of the Pha- of Israel. The response was so raohs. Even the great Assyriolo- wonderful and definite that we gists bow before the wizards of the realized we were in harmony with Chaldean philosophy, civilization, the divine will. art and science. To undertake a definite pioneer But it is the Diaspora in this work at such a great distance, di- vine aid and careful preparations ancient land that demands our at- are required. The transportation tention. The burden which the of large quantities of literature Lord laid definitely upon our over the wide desert; many obhearts, urged us to undertake a stacles had to be overcome before we could settle the date of our admissionary journey to this land. vance. Much prayer went up to That strange voice, "The People and Not the Land" which dis- God on behalf of our venture of turbed us at the International faith and to this we attribute the Jewish Missionary Conference at victory. Budapest last year has not yet left us. "Seek ye out the lost sheep of When everything was settled for our departure, we learned that the house of Israel." Is it true cholera had broken out at Babylon; that there are great and important smallpox started in Syria, and Jewish centres with no definite then the Wahabis began their atspecially qualified witnesses? In tack on Iraq. All the forces of the this land of such importance, is Evil One seemed to be against us, there a community of such vital but they were miserably conhistoric interest, 200,0.00 Jews, en- founded. tirely forgotten for centuries? To our sorrow we found that such was While every Christian or Jew the case. Missionaries who are who has read the Bible knows that laboring among the Moslems, the Jewish people were led away Chaldeans, Sabeans and Kurds into captivity in Babylon, the part have borne testimony to such Jews the Jews played there, their hisas they have met, but there has not tory from that time till this day been any definitely organized Jew- has seldom been appreciated. In ish Mission in Mesopotamia. the Talmud, Babylonia is referred to as "the land of Israel." The life As early as April 8, 1924, the of the Jews in Babylon, where 983

Nebuchadnezzar placed them after exist in any other part of the his conquest of Judea, and where world, having a full knowledge of they remained in increasing num- its history, environment and trabers for fifteen centuries, whatever ditions. In attempting a definite the conditions were, the lot of the missionary enterprise among these Jews could not be called unhappy. people, pioneering needed very The policy of dealing liberally with careful preparations and wisdom the Jews adopted by Nebuchadnez- from Above. zar and followed by his son Evil- Merodoch, who released J ehoiachin, We invited the Rev. Arthur W. the captive King of Jerusalem, Payne of Haifa, and the Rev. Elias and exalted him above the other Newman of the Irish Presbyterian kings that were with him, seems Church, Damascus, a Hebrew to have been continued (2 Kings 25: 27-30). It was here that the Christian and a Gentile Christian Babylonian Talmud was created to accompany us. We left Haifa and the Jewish Code established. on April 18th and went via Naz- It was here also where the Rosh- areth, Tiberias, crossing the J or- Galutha, tlie Exilarch, or Prince dan and reaching Damascus in the of the Captivity played such an im- afternoon. We visited the Chief portant part in the life of the Jews Rabbi who informed us that he of Babylon. He was recognized as was a pupil of my father many the head of the Jews in Babylon years ago in Jerusalem. and the adjacent countries, who could trace his descent by direct We left on our 615 mile journey male line from the royal house of across the great desert, in the beau- David, taking precedence because of this over the Patriarchs of tiful six-wheeled Pullman car of the Nairn Eastern Transport Com- Palestine, who could only trace pany. The desert was crossed by their descent by female line. The automobile for the first time by position he occupied in the Persian Mr. Norman Nairn of Australia Court was that of fourth in rank and two companions in the spring from the King himself. His of 1923 and in October, 1923, he power over all the Jews was al- inaugurated a regular service with most that of a sovereign over his Cadillac cars. In May, 1927, the people. They had their schools present six-wheelE!d cars inauguand academies, they were mer- rated a direct passenger service chants, agriculturists, cultivating between Damascus and Bagdad, their own fields, exporting their each car accommodating fifteen own grain, vines, dates, sesame, passengers. It took us only 30 figs and vegetables. They were hours going and 24 hours coming their own shepherds, cowherds and back, including the stops made for meals. When that enterprising fatteners, hunters of animals, Hebrew Christian, Dr. Wolf, visfishermen, even muleteers, leading ited Bagdad in 1824, it took him 64 days from Aleppo, whilst that caravans. In fact, they lived their other Hebrew -Christian, the Rev. own natural lives. Dr. Henry A. Stern and his com- panions, in order to cross the des- Thus we have here a special ert from Damascus to Bagdad, had Jewish community, an ancient one, a caravan of 450 camels, leaving Damascus on the 17th September with all the traditions from the ~}Cile to this date such as dOeS not and reaching Bagdad on the 19th

A VISIT TO BABYLON AND ITS JEWS

of October after many privations. Jews of the city. Several offered In Bagdad we got into touch to distribute literature among the with the Christians who were ex- Jews, especially as there is such a pecting us. The two secretaries of large proportion of Jews who are the Y. M. C. A., Mr. Donald Mun- members of the Y. M. C. A. roe and Mr. Harold Lampard, The Jews soon learned of our were keenly interested and through presence and we received many in- them we secured the assistance of vitations to their schools and . a young converted Shiah. We homes, to synagogues and institu- gave ourselves to visiting the Jew- tions. Every morning some of Us ish quarters and institutions and went out to distribute literature, acquainted ourselves with the city whilst others visited schools and and its neighborhood. From the institutions under the guidance of beginning we found a ready recep- a judge and another notable Jew.

tion everywhere from all classes of At one school we found over 800 the community. We realized that children assembled in the yard in order to carry out a thorough where they sang songs and gave investigation we must secure the recitations in Hebrew and Arabic cooperation of all the missionaries. and even in English. The Alliance We arranged to invite the mission- Israelite, in their boys' and girls' aries to a round table conference. schools, have over 3,000 pupils. In The following were present: Mr. one school we had the privilege of and Mrs. Hope of the British & examining the children. We wrote Foreign Bible Society, Dr. E. I. a Hebrew text on the blackboard Barney, the Rev. and Mrs. Fred J. and a scholar analyzed it gram- Barney, Mrs. M. D. F. Thoms, Dr. matically and gave the roots of C. Staudt, the Rev. and Mrs. Rose, every word. In another class Mr. the Rev. A. G. Edwards, Mr. Don- Newman wrote a text from the ald Munroe and Mr. Harold Lam- New Testament on the blackboard pard, the Rev. Arthur W. Payne,- in English and one of the boys the Rev. Elias Newman, and the made the analysis and then parsed writer. The Jews in Bagdad have the words. greatly increased since the war, It would be impossible to give a and their number is estimated at description of the different homes from 100,000 to 150,000. There and institutions we visited, as well are large Jewish communities at as of our journey to the great and Mosul, Basra, Hilleh, Kut; in fact intensely interesting ancient Babythere is scarcely an important city lon, the great rivers Euphrates or town in Mesopotamia where and Tigris with their floods, the there are no Jews. They have beautiful palm groves and wondermany schools which accommodate, ful hanging gardens. The impresaccording to the Anglo-Jewish re- sion made upon us while passing port, 12,500 children. Many the sites of Akkad (Gen. 10) and others attend the mission schools. Ctesiphon, Nebuchadnezzar's forti- In the American Mission one third fied palace; driving around the of the boys and one fourth of the ruins of the inner walls of Babylon, girls are of the Jewish faith. The visiting the excavations at Babymissionaries would welcome any lon, the marble pavements of the recognized society that will send a Sacred Way that led to the shrine representative to work among the for the worship of the god Marduk,

. the curiously inscribed walls of the so was not given to us, but we palace of the great Nebuchadnez- could heartily recommend to him zar and his father, the huge ruined the fountain of Living Water, hall where Belshazzar made that whereof the man who drinketh will great feast when he saw the writ- never thirst again, and which is at ing on the wall, is indescribable. the same time the Bread of Life But perhaps nothing impressed and the Life-giver. We also told me so much as the view of the him of the city and its river and "Waters of Babylon," the river trees under whose leaves there is Euphrates with its willows, the the healing of the nations. The exact picture given in Psalm 137. son, who was discussing some of Leaving the ruins we felt, see- the prophecies, said, "Sir, if you ing that all the words of the can give that Living Water where- prophet concerning Babylon had by my dear father Can renew his been literally fulfilled, that God's youth, I will give you half of what promise concerning the future of we have, yea, I will give you all Israel will also surely be accom- that we have." We told him that plished. For God's time to favor this gift is of God, and could not Zion must come soon. be bought for money or a price. In Mokkattam, the great Shiah The old man pointed out to us that city of Kathamien, with its won- because of the sins of Israel, the derful golden dome, we had fellow- Temple was destroyed, the symbol ship with Brother and Mrs. Ed- of national independence and three wards, and we visited nineteen things had departed which could large synagogues, nine schools and not be regained in spite of all ef- many Jewish homes. forts-wisdom and joy and rest One of the leading Jews invited had departed. The old man was us to meet him in his home, a beau- very keen, and said, "Do you know tiful palace on the Tigris, shaded that one young Jew went 'to seek with willows and palm trees. The his brethren' and he was sold as a Tigris running close by, in flood, slave to Egypt, and suffered there was a platform from which much?" We immediately pointed one could bathe and cool off in the out to him that after the sorrows morning and evening, a luxurious and time of slavery, he became the petrol launch all ready for use, greatest in the land and we would servants all around. The owner to God that we could be sold in wanted to know our aim, and we order to become the feeders of the explained it to him. We told him people, and we also pointed out to of the movements of Israel in the him how this Joseph was only a land of their fathers. He was very type of the greater Joseph, the son much interested, and we asked him of David, who was the Messiah of if he would like to go to Jerusalem Israel. We also told him of the and build himself a home there. love of Christ implanted in the The old man pointed, and said: heart of St. Paul, who wished him- "Can you bring that ri~er to Jeru- self accursed for his kinsmen, his salem, where I can build a house, brethren after the flesh. and have these willows and palms?" We pointed out to him that Visiting another Jewish home, at present we could not bring the our host said: "We must have been river to Jerusalem, the power to do mad when we rejected Jesus, who spoke the most wonderful wisdom

ever uttered by man." "Yes," he King Feisal, kindly and graciously continued, "by this mad act we granted the writer an audience, have lost our independence and all and personally we felt deeply wisdom has departed. Instead of grateful for that gracious recepthe nations of the earth coming to tion extended to the writer, realus to learn wisdom, we fill the Gen- izing the aroma of goodwill. His tile universities-where we are not Majesty was extremely kind. wanted-and our heads are stored with the garnered knowledge of All through the journey we had this artificial world, which is not to the full experienced the gracious true knowledge and which does not extension of the divine favor and lead to happiness." We were protection. very greatly impressed and said, "Friend, it is quite true, but why What is our duty towards the do you not begin anew?" He an- 200,000 Jews in Mesopotamia? It swered sorrowfully, "We are tied is true we have distributed 1,500 and bound by many chains, tradi- New Testaments and 11,500 portions, environment, conventions tions, books such as "Jesus Is Comand by many so-called friendships. ing," St. John's Gospel in Hebrew In fact, we live an unnatural life with notes by Dr. Horton, "How which is sapping our very life Shall I Know Him?" "God and the blood so that we have no strength Universe," etc. We have also made left in us to break our fetters." arrangements and left large quan- We told him the words of Jesus: tities of literature with the Rev. "If the Son shall make you free ye A. G. Edwards who is to carryon shall be free indeed." distribution at Hilleh and par- ticularly in his missionary boat on By the invitation of the Secre- the Euphrates. We also left littary of the Y. M. C. A. we gave a erature with Brothers Munroe lecture on "Modern Developments and Lampard of the Y. M. C. A. in Judaism." The lecture was at- and parcels of literature have been tentively listened to; one Jew sent to Bro. Willoughby at Mosul. wanted us to remove the blame Literature has been sent to Basra from the Jews for the crucifixion and also left with Mrs. Hope, who of the Son of God, which we told is greatly interested in the conhim we could not do. More than version of the Jews. But what this, to do this would not help the about a definite continued testireconciliation of Israel with God mony? All the missionaries agree through the Son of God. that such a witness is needed. What is our duty? We left Meso- Not only were we kindly re- potamia with a vision of the possiceived by Jews of all classes, but bilities existing, the glorious work the heads of some institutions and that can be accomplished there, schools requested us to help them and also with a greater burden. to obtain Bibles. As most of the If ever there was a Macedonian schools are orthodox, and the text- cry, "Come over and help us," we book for Hebrew is the Bible, thus realize it here. We can truly say they need thousands of Bibles, that the field is white unto harwhich we promised to secure for vest, where are the laborers? them. What can we do to wake up the Christian Church to look up and We were also received by the see and hear the "Call of God"? notables of the land. His Majesty,

IN ANCIENT

BY REV. CALVIN K. STAUl)T, Baghdad, Iraq Mi88ionary oj the Reformed Churah in the United State8 BAGHDAD affords a fine op- American School for Boys. To this portunity for preaching the service young people of all reli- Gospel. The people hunger gious creeds feel free to come, and and thirst after the truth and the attendance has been beyond all are glad to hear one who interprets expectations. The service is held religious life in a helpful way, It on the balcony of the court of the is a thrilling privilege to preach school. There is nothing to at- the Word of God in Baghdad, in tract the people save the preaching the very center of the Moslem of the Gospel; for there is no pul- world, and at one time the cen- pit, no choir, no stained glass win- ter of culture, influence and power. dows-nothing, in short, to make Baghdad woefully needs the it churchly except a Bible and gospel message. The city is in the hymn books. Not even a cent is throes of awakening. The use of spent on this service, either for mechanical force and scientific preacher, janitor, heat or light.

knowledge is breaking down the It is carried on as a part of the old Moslem order of things. The school program, as extension work last chapter of a long paragraph one might call it.

of the history of this city is com- Without advertising or making ing to an end and a new para- any effort to induce people to come, graph, which is very different, is the attendance has steadily in- being written. The old religious creased until now it scarcely ever conceptions are breaking down and falls below 100, having reached the something is needed to take their high water mark of 200 on Christ- place. The evils of the West are mas night. And this is in spite entering by leaps and bounds. The of the fact that we must worship dance hall and hotel life, the liquor in the cold, with feet on an icy cold shop, the uncensored movie, are marble floor, with nothing but a being introduced without a protest canvas curtain to protect one from and, sad to say, are accepted as the bitter winds when the weather signs of civilization. is freezing.

In this transition period men Who comes to these services and women lose their bearings. Sunday after Sunday? Some are They become confused, mystified, students in the higher classes, unsettled; they grope for the some are Syrians, Armenians and truth, which they think lies in the Egyptians who have been educated new. Many begin to read science in our mission schools or in the and philosophy; some seek guid- University of Beirut. Others are ance in Bahaiism or one of the oc- from different schools of the city cult ~eligions; and we are glad to -both teachers and pupils, and say, that others are anxious to many others are educated young hear the Gospel of Christ. A re- men in the employ of the Govern- markable illustration of this is the ment or in the professional world.

Sunday evening service in the It is a group as intelligent as 988

PREACHING IN ANCIENT BAGHDAD

one can find in an average Amer- This audience is composed of ican church. All have a knowledge men and women who are alert, upof English so that they can easily follow any sermon. Religiously, to-date, seekers after knowledge they are Moslems, Jews and Christians (non-Protestants). These and anxious for the truth. Some come for no other purpose but to time ago I incidentally made referlearn the way of life and the way ence to the suggestive title of a of Christ. It is a great privilege to preach to this intelligent group book called "Adventurous Reliin these days of transition. Now gion," which, I said, I never had or never is the opportune time to lead them to Christ. Many are a chance to read. At the close of helping to make history. the service a Shiah· Moslem from Picture an evening audience as the holy city of Kadhamain came it was the other night. On the up to me and said, "I have that front seat sat two Moslems, graduates of a university and teaching book and I shall be glad to give it in the government schools. Be- to you." The following week he hind them were two or three rows of lady teachers in the government brought the book which he had schools. Behind them were a group of students from our own read and underscored.

and other schools. Scattered Three weeks ago I received the among them and all along the two following letter from a man who sides were the older young men who belong to the effendi class. In had come for the first time: that same audience were representativesof two of the sacred "Mr. —, an esteemed friend of cities of the Shiah Moslems, and a mine, advised me to attend your weekly native woman who has her Master lectures, and I have been for,tunate to of Arts degree from Columbia Uni- hear yesterday your speech and have to versity. All who attended the inform you with great pleasure that I service were natives, except an was much pleased' of it, and blamed my- American archeologist and three self for not attending your lectures bemissionaries who were passing fore. Your yesterdny's lecture reminded through Baghdad. me of your religion which'I was about to forget.

"You have, stated at the end of your lecture yesterday that your speech on the coming Sunday is 'How Christ Is Our Door to God.' I request that your lec- ture on Sunday after next be How to prove that there is God, with the re- mark that the man (or men) whom you are addressing and who does riot believe in any religion and denies God's person and believes that this world is being de- veloped by nature, may find Him.

"This lecture will perhaps abolish my doubts, for which I shall ever remain thankful."

SOME AFRICAN PROVERBS "Do not begin the meal before the water is boiled" (Do not count your chickens before they are hatched).

"It is better to tUrn the enemy back ()n the hill than to drive him out of the village" (Prevention is better than cure).

"He weeps with one eye" (He is insincere). "You kindle a fire and leave it" (You are a talebearer). "A thief catches himself" (murder will out). "Anger is a warmth which lights itself." "Scarcity lives in the pouse of the quarreler."

-DR. C. E. WEST, in The Other Sheep.

PROBLEMS AT

BY WILMA DUNTZE, JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY SHORTLY after sojourners to than any difference of opinion or Jerusalem had turned home- outlook was the realization that the ward with its enriching ex- spirit that binds the separate Asperience another world gathering sociations into a world unity would brought together over three hun- be great enough to lead the way dred women from almost two score through the most perplexing prob- countries met at Budapest as Iem. seekers after Christ's way in all Christianity is being stifled by realms of life. The usual barriers of language, distance and creed the impact of the mechanistic syswere surmounted in this meeting tern and materialism. The stubof representatives of the Young born problem faced by the women Women's Christian Association. at Budapest was: "Who can better The hostess city was struggling bring the needed oxygen than the to find new life and hope after its Christian disciples who dare to be war-torn years. Although heads practical and see the problem in terms of the gripping economic were high there, countless hearts structure that must be controlled were heavy with bitterness and or do the controlling?" disillusionment. Here was one example of the almost untouched By means of a questionnaire circulated among Y. W. C. A. mem- fields of political, economic and bers in all countries for over a social activity that cry for Chris- year, some very revealing things tian understanding and new dar- were discovered showing that ing. The sessions at Budapest Christ's ideal for human life is still deepened the conviction that when violated under the present social from the Mount of Olives Jesus and economic system. The progsaid: "Go ye into all the world," ress made point by point, country He must have visualized not only by country, in facing and undergeographic distance but every taking constructive programs in major aspect of human life. That behalf of each social and economic conviction carried the delegates in- principle involved was charted. to facing practical issues and That document became a tlaermethods for a constructive pro- mometer. It was taken as a workgram. ing tool for the next two years to be a guide and gage of progress It was unmistakably evident in this field of human relationthat the power and personality of the "Man of Galilee" gave direc- ships. tion and vitality to the delegates. At Jerusalem it was said: "The The program was based on Bible task of the Christian Church is to study, deep searching into the aims create a Christian civilization withand methods of the Association in in which all human bei-ngs can grow all parts of the world, and on in- to their full spiritual stature. It formation, from social and eco- is its duty to acquire knowledge nomic scientists, on national and by which the conditions which iminternational situations. Stronger peril such growth may be removed, 990 and those which foster it may be tionnaire and said: "We have established. It is its duty to speak done this…. but have still left and work fearlessly against social undone. . . . We will return to and economic injustice." our people and carry our purpose further. Our first responsibility Budapest answered: "This and theirs is to know better what means that we cannot rest from the actual application of these gengiving our best thought and en- eral principles involve and how deavor to alter in every country our modern industrial system afsuch situations which are still fects all factors in human society. known to exist as: long hours of We will have courage to look labor; women and children toiling longer, to seek further, and include at night; small children employed within our vision if need be things at the sacrifice of their future; un- that hurt, hurt until they compel sanitary, unsafe and unhealthful us to do something about them. work places; unregulated periods Weare unrestful about these of unemployment throwing their things as we more fully realize greatest burden on those least able that they are part of our Christian to bear the strain; failure to responsibility. We will go on. Any recognize the reciprocal contribu- other course would be to deny our tions and right to share in the con- greatest Teacher. There is no natrol of production by labor and tion that is not affected more or capital; unaroused consumers who less by this problem. What effects assume no responsibility for know- one affects all. We must face the ing and exerting their influence on problems and the solutions tothe conditions under which things gether. In so doing we will realize are made for their use." a bond and unity of purpose that will draw us closer than any ex- The women who were at Buda- perience known in the past." pest looked on the charted information revealed by the ques- A SPEEOH BY A NATIVE TONGA TEACHER Supplied by a Senior ~Mctkodi8t Minister in the Mis8'ionary Rcriew, A'ustralia- I T IS said that men have made efforts to change all kinds of material into gold, but have not accomplished it. The Chris- tian religion is chemistry, and the men who are employed in this service are the missionaries. It has the power to change all things into gold. Previous to the introduction of this religion into Tonga we could not accomplish anything; but ever since the missionaries commenced their work, Tonga has been able to convert all things into gold. The land is a golden land; the pigs, yams and nuts all are changed into gold. We have got riches through religion, both temporal and spiritual. Religion enriches one's soul, it changes one's nature, fools are made wise, the dead are brought to life, we have peace with God, and it is certain that we shall gain eternal life.

Let us work, therefore, that it may reach other lands yet in darkness. Money is necessary to pay for the vessel, clothes, and food of the missionaries.

Let us give our money, for the temple is not yet erected in all lands.

HEROISM IN

BY REV. JOHN T. FARIS, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

SOME years ago at the call of and beat his way "back to the freez- God, a physician gave up a fine ing missionaries, who were deter- practice to go to Point Bar- mined to stay" by their work, row, within the Arctic Circle, the because the Eskimo needed them.

most northern mission station in Time passed. The physician and the world, where he was to open a his wife went to desolate Point hospital. On the way he was asked Barrow, where the thermometer to stop at a station farther down often tells of sixty degrees below the coast, where mission work had zero. A part of the doctor's"work been carried on for several years, was the making of long sledge but had been abandoned. journeys for scates and even hun- With his wife and child he dreds of miles, to the igloos(jf the sought shelter in the remains of natives who had sent for him. On the old miss~onary residence, which one such trip the ice on which the proved to be so uninhabitable that sledge was traveling' broke up, and the natives disdained it. "If we the little" party found itself ma~ have plenty of coal for the winter rooned under the lee of an iceberg we can get along," the wife said. to which clung a" bit of fairly But the last steamer came, and smooth ice. The shore was far without the needed coal. When the away, and rescue seemed "impossi- wires carried news to New York ble. "

City of their extremity they were "Take your shirt and place it urged to return to the lower Pacif- as a- signa] of" distress upon that ic coast for the winter. "Shall we ice peak!" the doctor said to a go?" the missionary asked his wife. companion. "Why, that would be "No, let us stay!" she said. And usel(ss!" he was told. "There is he agreed. Then they prayed. God no one within one hundred miles!"

could make their winter service "But put up the" signal," he was possible, they were sure. urged. "Then let" us pray to Him And God did, in a most unex· whose serva~ts we are."

pected manner. A belated coasting The flag of distress" ;was flown schooner was driven to seek shel- in the face of a" desolate coast. ter perhaps one hundred miles Early in the morning it was seen south of the cold missionaries. by two boys, reindeer herders, who At the dock the Captain saw a had left the sheltered tundra, far pile of coal. "What is that?" inland, contrary to the" orders of he asked. "Oh, that is the mission- those in charge or their govern- aries' coal," he was told. "The ment" herds; they wanted fresh ship which was to take it to them fish, so disobeyed the command.

had to leave it here." "What!"" They looked through a spyglass- roared the schooner's owner. "The a cheap affair sent out by an Amer- missionaries are without fuel? ican mail-order house–and recog- Then I must take it to them, even nized the peculiar fur coat of the if the winter is upon us." And doctor at Point Barrow. Leaving he loaded a dozen tons on the deck the herd, they hastened toward 992

MISSIONARY HEROISM IN ALASKA

Point Barrow, sixty or seventy Simply the missionary told of miles distant. When more than these things. Then, longingly, he half way to their destination they said: "And how hungry I am to were confronted by a raging. tor- get back to .my people, among rent which they had forgotten; whom I hope to die!"

this was the spring flood fed by * * * * * * * * melting snow from the interior. One who heard the consecrated They could not cross. man's words thought of a mission- Sadly they agreed that the doc- ary and his wife of whom the late tor and his party were doomed. Dr. Charles L. Thompson used to But as they walked along the bank tell. They went to one of the Aleu- they surprised a company of mi- tian Islands tor service; they had grating Eskimo, in their boats, sought a hard field, and it was giv- who had camped by the side of en to them. There bravely they the stream. The boats were met not only privation, but the aw- manned, the journey was made ful loneliness that came when their safely, and the missionaries were babe died. A little later, on the saved from the ice floe. "Didn't visit of the one steamer a year that I tell you God would take care of came to their little outpost, Dr.

us?" the doctor asked. Thompson sought to comfort them That time the house at Point in the brief hour of his stay. As Barrow was there when he ap- he left he said, "Is there anything proached it. But there came a day I can do for you? Ask freely just when, on his return from another what is in your mind." "Of course sledge trip, nothing but ruins they will ask to be sent back to greeted him. The house had burned their friends at home," he thought.

during the night, and the brave And he was prepared to grant their mIssionary wife had been com- request. His amazement, then, may pelled to seek shelter, passing be imagined, when the bereft moth- barefoot and in her night clothes, er said, "Oh, Dr. Thompson, let through deep drifts of snow. us stay here among our people!"

A SELF-EXAMINATION 1. How long would it take to make my community really Christian if every other follower of Christ worked at it and prayed about it just as I do?

2. How long would it take to make this nation Christian if all Christians gave their prayers and efforts and money toward it as I am doing?

3. How long would it take to make disciples of all nations if all other Christians were to give this great program of Christ the place in their lives that it has in mine?

4. Have I any moral right to expect or ask of other Christians, or even of preachers and missionaries, any service or sacrifice for Christ that I am unwilling to give myself?

The work of winning the world to Christ is my work as really and as fully as it is the work of anyone else. Let me not avoid it nor shirk it.

J. CAMPBELL WHITE.

4

Of THE

PEACE-TEN YEARS AFTER North America have been the experi- PRACTICALLY every nation of ment in Prohibition, the upsetting of the world was involved in the former moral standards, the increase Great War that started in Eu- in lawlessness and the great growth rope fourteen years ago. The losses in material prosperity. inflicted can never be measured, nor can we estimate what might have been It is easy for pessimists to look at gained if the fabulous amount of the world and see only growing suspimoney, the mental energy and the mil- cion, selfishness and unrest, threatenlions of lives had been devoted, as sac- ing still further and greater conflicts. rificially, to the ever-present spiritual But there are encouraging signs of conflict to win the world to Christ and progress toward international peace to enlist these forces in His construc- and goodwill. The many peace contive program. ferences and treaties, such as the Locarno Treaty, the League of Na- What progress has been made since tions, the World Court, the Washingthe signing of the Armistice ten years ton Conference on the Limitation of ago? It is not difficult to note na- Armaments, the Paris Pact for Outtional changes-the revolution in lawing War, and the Universal Reli- Russia with the continued struggle gious Peace Congress, all these are between anarchy and atheism on the evidences of the desire for peace one side and idealism and religion on among the nations. The Near East the other; the civil war in China, Relief, after over ten years of lifewith the spread of Sun Yat Sen's na- saving service for hundreds of thoutionalistic program and the establish- sands of children in former Turkish ment of a central government by the territory, is now preparing to close Kuomingtang at Nanking; the rise of many of its orphanages. But the servthe Gandhi Movement in India and vice rendered to the sufferers and for the. increase in nationalistic spirit; peace and goodwill is immeasurable.

the encouraging progress in Persia In the Church and worldwide Chrisand Mesopotamia, the change of gov- tian missions there are causes for ernment in Arabia, and the establish- alarm that are overshadowed by eviment of a new republic of Turkey with dences of progress. The churches are modernization in education, industry, too largely neglected and the rationallaws, customs and religion; the new istic and materialistic spirit has en- boundaries and new political regimes tered disturbingly into faith and life. in Greece, the Balkan States, Austria Missionary gifts are far from com- and Germany; the granting of self- mensurate with the need or with the government to Ireland and the re- ability of Christians to give. But markable Fascisti movement with many strong movements are working practical dictatorship in Italy. Africa to promote Christian unity and mis- shows many signs of progress under sionary service and are seeking to European control. Great Britian, foster peace and to promote Christ's France and Belgium have been fight- Way of Life in industrial and social ing their way back to economic nor- contacts, in national and international malcy under many difficulties. The dealings. There are not only interdemost noticable effects of the war in nominational religious conferences, 994

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

but Inter-racial movements, Church ment, with General Chiang Kai-shek conferences on Faith and Order, the inaugurated at Nanking as president World Alliance for International of the Republic on October 10th (Na- Friendship, International Fellowships, tional Independence Day). The ap- Conferences on Pacific Relations, pointment of a strong cabinet prom- school children's Friendship Bags and ises an enlightened and progressive Dolls, and hundreds of other enter- government. Several members of the prises and organizations to promote new cabinet are Christians, the most understanding and goodwill. The In- outstanding and clear-headed of them ternational Missionary Council at its being Dr. C. T. Wang, formerly a Y.

Jerusalem Conference has entered on M. C. A. leader, who has taken the an enlarged program to develop the portfolio of Minister of Foreign Af- indigenous Christian Churches and fairs. Recently there has been much National Christian Councils in every less evidence of radical Russian in- foreign mission field. This program fluence and more readiness to cooper- emphasizes loyalty to Christ and His ate with European powers in the revi- teachings, dependence on the Spirit of sion of treaties. The inauguration of God, and the placing of responsibility the new president was attended by for carrying out Christ's program on great patriotic demonstrations with the National Christians in each coun- but little disturbance. President Chi- try as their Christian leaders are de- ang is regarded as not only an able veloped. general but as a man of conciliatory It would be illuminating, and possi- spirit who will seek to promote peace bly disconcerting, if we could see our in China and harmony with foreign own hearts and lives from the view~ governments.

point of Christ. What progress to- The vice-president of the RepUblic ward the establishment of His King- and Minister of War is General Fimg dom of peace and righteousness would Yii-hsiang, the famous "Christian we discover? How far has the pur- General"-a much discussed and not pose of the coming of Jesus Christ in- clearly understood character. Prog- to the world been accomplished? How ress is being made in reaching an un- nearly have His followers completed derstanding with Japan and there is what He "began to do and to teach"? hope that the unequal treaties with all Some things have been done for which foreign governments will be replaced we may thank God and take courage by those that recognize the rights of but a vast amount yet remains to be China to a place of equality among done. So vast a task challenges every the nations.

Christian to devote every dollar, every At the same time that news came of talent, every hour, unselfishly to its the inauguration of President Chiang, completion. What progress the next a dispatch was received telling of civil ten years will show depends on God warfare in Kansu, the large Province and how far men are ready to live and in the extreme northwest with 10,- work in harmony with Him. 000,000 inhabitants, one-third of whom are Moslems. These Moslems rose in ENCOURAGEMENTS IN CHINA insurrection and as a result 200,000 are reported slain by the Chinese W HILE peace and stability can troops who, being better armed and not as yet be said to character- disciplined. proceeded to burn and ize China, the situation has plunder villages and to slaughter the vastly improved during the past year. inhabitants. Leighton P. Rand, a The capture of Peking by the Na- China Inland missionary living at tionalist forces has practically brought Lanchowfu. writes that multitudes to an end the revolution. After sev- who have survived are destitute of enteen years of struggle, the country food and clothing, and the meagre has been brought under one govern- crops have been destroyed. This in-

surrection, following the terrible ported from many quarters. Miss earthquake last year, the heavy rains Jennie V. Hughes of Shanghai, writes: of the spring, and a summer drought, The revival continues to grow. In our have brought millions face to face Bethel Church, and in the chapels where with starvation. The insurrection services are held every night, not a Sun- day passes but that souls are "born seems to have been crushed, but multi- again." There is also revival in Ningpo. tudes are starving. Here is an op- The people came from the outlying portunity for Christian service. towns and villages, over the mountains, some walking forty to sixty Ii on their During the many months of dis- little bound feet, (if they were women). Three thousand were saved during the turbance in all the provinces, the Chi- twenty-nine meetings and we are plannese Christians have carried on the ning to hold a Bible conference there. work of churches, schools, and even hospitals wherever possible, with sac- We look for a truly wide spread rifice and fidelity. Many foreign mis- spiritual revival in China when the sionaries have now returned to their Chinese Christians realize that only stations but the whole work will be Christ and His Gospel can save their conducted on a new basis, with much land and people from degeneration greater responsibility resting on the and can inspire leaders with the true spirit and power for service. Chinese Church. Revivals of interest in Christian teaching are also re- HELP OBSERVE GOLDEN RULE SUNDAY, DECEMBER 2D,-)IF.ETS A GREAT NEED One thousand childrf'lljn th~ NNlr Eust Relief OrphunaJl;e in Asia )linor, Syria find Greece, portray the Golden Rule binding the world together. On International GO,lden Rule Sunday, December 2d. we are askeLl to eat an orphan's meal and tu make all otferlllg that they may have some food.

FOR JUNIOR MISSIONARY WORK AND

MRS. ARTHUR W. RIDER, Los Angeles, California THE best thing in the world is work and the best work in the world is work with children." We may add: The most interesting and best dividend-paying work with children is missionary work.

WE HAVE two most fascinating Stanley expedition, Chinese Gordon, Junior studies this year-Africa as well as more recent and thrilling and Alaska, antipodes geographically adventures.

and otherwise. About the only simi- Tried and Timely Suggestions larity is that both begin with "A."

Neither country is so well known to 1. Decide early and definitely which the boys and girls as Japan, China or study you will use in your Sunday- even India. This provides the element school missionary work and which you of exploration into practically un- will reserve for the Juniors in your known fields which is always intri- Church School of Missions, or School guing to Juniors. of World Friendship as it is common- With the wealth of material pro- Iy called. As you have six or seven vided it will be solely our fault if our successive and longer periods in the Juniors are not "on tip toe" through- latter work, the African study would out the entire study of these colorful seem preferable.

countries. For the Africa study, two 2. Plan your number of sessions and books have been chosen: "In the Af- decide which chapter or chapters, with rican Bush" (Schwab) and "Camp elaborations, will be used at each ses- Fires on the Congo" (Springer). For sion. In no other department is it Alaska, "Under the North Star," quite so necessary to "Plan your (Gladfelter). Read both books on Af- Work,'" and, as nearly as possible, rica, select but one for teaching, say "Work your Plan."

"The African Bush." Major on that, 3. Order all supplies for your work weaving into it striking parts of the as teacher or leader, and all general other as well as material gleaned from supplies, early. Arrange them in spe- other sources used in your personal cial closet, cabinet or shelf space.

preparation. Juniors are critical. 4. As teacher your notebook should They recognize the difference in teach- be complete before beginning the ing that comes from a small over-night study. In fact two notebooks-one spring supply and that from the well- similar to the one you plan for the stored reservoir of information and pupils to make and your own personal preparation. Review "African Ad- notes–Iarger, fuller of special pic- venture," "The Lure of Africa," tures, newspaper and magazine clip- "Thinking Black," "Uganda's White pings, lists of music, special stories, Man of Work," and all David Living- etc., for use in teaching. A teacher stone material. Be familiar with the should really do everything she re- 997

quires the pupils to do and do it first. and boys softly whistling the chorus, 5. Plan some project. Have it defi- etc.

nitely in your own mind and work Organize the group into squads or toward it, but keep it concealed or "tribes," giving each an African name. camouflaged sufficiently for it to seem Appoint a leader or "Chief" of each to come spontaneously from the group tribe. These should wear felt arm toward the close of the study. bands with tribal names upon them. Each group or tribe should be assigned 6. Juniors like hard tasks. They some definite work, such as "Map play hard. When they work, they Makers"-"Posters and Publicity," work hard. There is danger in plan- "Platform and Room" (Maps, charts, ning and giving them work that is chairs, blackboard, etc. in place-song too easy, rather than too difficult. books on seats). Other tribes could care for the music or help plan the 7. Visit the day schools of this dramatizations; as the work develops, grade. As far as you deem advisable, other needs will arise. Much depends parallel the methods. For the most on the time and place of meeting and part methods used five days in the the equipment. week are feasible and good on the seventh. A secretary is needed, with some unique way of keeping the registra- 8. Interest some boys and girls of tion and attendance. Last year as we college age in assisting you. It is sur- were going on a long voyage, we used prising how alert and well posted they a "Passenger List" (showing and exare and what initiative they have. It plaining one). Two large cards or will also prove the saving "Expulsive poster boards were used-one for the power of a new affection" to some of boys and one for the girls. At center them. top of each was a large, colored ship. Each sheet was divided into sufficient 9. Plan definite handwork, with spaces for name of each boy and girl samples, materials and helpers ready going on the voyage with a small ship in advance. sticker by each name. Below each name the six or seven small squares Junior Church School of Missions were uniformly marked off. When John Smith was on time he was given Plans vary. Usually 'the Juniors a gold star-if tardy, a blue one. A hold their sessions simultaneously with simple uniform award may be given the rest of the church school. Some- those reaching a standard of attendtimes this study is substituted at the ance announced at first meeting-probregular Junior Church hour. Local ably five of the seven sessions. A conditions decide the matter. Person- colored foreign post card or Copping's ally, I prefer the first plan. "Hope of the World," (five cents Having decided upon Africa, for each) * is appreciated and sufficient. sake of illustration, plan definitely for the number of periods, usually six, Foreign stamps may be given to the and time allotted each period. Ap- boys, if they have the "craze." point a committee of Juniors to select a school song and slogan. Meet with A good pianist is absolutely essenthem and offer suggestions. One group tial. The piano should give all signals. used as slogan, "The Kingliest serve The pianist in addition to the regular the most" and "Help Somebody To- music should be able instantly to strike day," for the song. Both were used up a chorus or verse of a song, or at every session. The Boy Scout march as the leader requires. Tardi- Pledge-"Do a good turn for some- ness, fussiness, fumbling for music body everyday" was kept before them, are absolutely not to be tolerated. especially stressing kindness to for- These are a few of the things that eigners-in cultivating World Friendship. The song was used in many • Can be obtained in any missionary bureau ways-antiphonally, girls humming or Sunday-School supply house.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

enable us to do all things "decently and their denominational territory and stations traced. A sand map may be and in order." used with more profit by juniors than Genera.l Suggestions by smaller children. One denomination To introduce the study, if you have had ten stations on the Congo. The not already used it, especially for the juniors made a fine map on a large younger juniors, give Margaret Ap- inclined sand table. The Congo was plegarth's story, "The Artist Who For- very plain and the ten stations, each as got Four Colors," showing toward a mound, was placed along its banks. the close the large, beautifully colored The hl:lrd names had been printed, Copping picture, "The Hope of the read and learned. After the second World" (60 cents). Call especial at- lesson the junior song that year,' tention to the African boy in the pic- "Send the Light" was sung and five ture and sing quietly, "Black and Yel- girls and five boys marched about the low, Red and White, they are precious sand map, placed a small lighted canin his sight," or (if familiar) the dle on each station, naming the station. song verse used in the story. Turns were taken till all had the op- Maps: For the Junior Map Study. portunity and a circle was formed The map of Africa resembles the hu- and simple sentence prayers were man ear. Have on a good sized black- made, asking God to indeed "Send the board, a well drawn ear. (Call on an Light" and let them be Light-Bearers, artist friend if necessary.) Draw through their prayers and gifts. The faintly through the ear the true out- iIIuminated map was a success and line of the map. After you have in- sixty-five boys and girls could name troduced your study of the Dark Con- and locate their denominational mistinent (asking questions as to why it sion stations. A similar plan could is so called and receiving information be used for "Camp Fires on the Con- as to new ways to lighten it-(air- go."

planes, steamers, radio, tourists, etc), For notebooks that year, the teachwhile still talking, trace the faint map er cut small (about four by six inches) outline with chalk that has been soaked maps of Africa out of black paper.

a full hour in sweet milk. The damp The group used these as patterns in line dries almost instantly and with cutting the white filling sheets. One two or three bold strokes the ear is page or sheet was filled each study erased and presto! Magic! the real period and when completed a special map remains. This map may be used hour was given to tying or clamping again and again or washed off if black- them together, an informal "palaver,"

boards are limited. and simple refreshments.

A large map of Africa may be drawn ViUages. Next to a map, a village or cut, with David Livingstone's pic- is of most interest and importance.

ture in center. A few lines represent- Homemade villages are enjoyed most ing a heart may be drawn about the but one can purchase for fifty cents head, recalling that Livingstone's the Bradley Cut-outs for either Alaska heart is buried in Africa. Tell the or an African village and fill in with story and give his motto-"Anywhere, other things. For instance, make first provided it be forward." [A good a heathen village-letting the juniors map of Africa may be purchased for do most or all of it. Ask some one $.45. A small packet of pictures ($.15) to point out the schoolhouse, kinder- comes with this if desired. These are garten, hospital, church, etc. None to be colored and placed on map as of these things can be located. Tell story progresses.] A product map why. Then after a missionary arrives, may easily be made-Juniors love this. these are all added in succession with One of plasticene or flour and salt, the suitable small flags. Tell interest- colored or not. Individual maps ($.25 ing stories or incidents while this is a dozen) may be given the children being done, showing what education

and evangelization has meant. In steamship folders which may be cut case of hospital and Red Cross work, and suitably arranged for each two give the medical mission part of your lines of the hymn. For those west of study. Children will eagerly impro- the Rockies, Alaska folders are readily vise a clinic. "Peep-boxes" and trans- available. "We've a Story to Tell to parencies may be made for individual the Nations," "In Christ There is no villages. East or West" and very many hymns Flags. For atmosphere, strings of lend themselves readily to dramatiza- flags of all nations may be used for tion. The boys and girls will quickly platform decoration. The 'United suggest ways of doing this.

States and Christian flags should al- Dramatizations.' These may be ways be on the platform. Give the "made up" or purchased. The more story M the Christian flag and the impromptu or original they are for salutes and pledges of allegiance. this type of work, the more value.

Every boy and girl will doubtless know Dramatize a crude African school, these. They never tire of their use. with its cartons (saved by the mis- Sing "America the Beautiful," "Your sionaries) for desks, broken slates, a F,lag and My Flag," "Fling Out the pencil broken in thirds, a few torn Banner," "Onward Christia!l Sol- books, etc. This is a true picture < diers," in' this connection. Put a given recently by a returned mission- Christian flag on a hill just outside ary. The children would naturally of your sand board map or village, suggest sending books, tablets or relating how the natives who do not slates, crayolas, pencils, etc. Perhaps know the days of the week look for as leader you have had this in mind it and when they see it, instantly drop from the first. Some such expression all work and go to the church. A should always follow the presentation.

small Christian flag may be made of Psychologists tell us that when we the three colors in muslin, (perhaps create a desire or a good impulse in having the pieces and red cross cut the child and give him no outlet to in advance). These are mucilaged to- express it, we do him a moral injury.

gether and the flag pasted around a The boys could have a Palaver small skewer and stuck in good sized House and Palaver-African style.

button mold. This is very substan- They might discuss the white man .and tial for sand board and village work. his ways, the missionary and changes Mu.~ic. To replace the silly street wrought in their village. The witch and jazz songs with fine music is our doctor might come in and deplore his privilege and duty. What an oppor- loss of power because of the white tunity in missionary hymns! Heroes! doctor. Surprise awaits a leader who Rhythm! Challenge! All so appealing. has never tried this. Impersonations Only three suggestions; memorize, il- of missionaries and explorers; mono- lustrate, dramatize. This is the golden logues, dialogues, debates, all are good.

memory period. Select a few good Avoid mere talking. Juniors want ac- hymns. Taboo all jazz and silly Bongs. tion. Remember the injunction: Juniors love the great hymns of the "Avoid repression, do not attempt too church. This has been tested many much impression, and remember that times. For your hymn illustration, we grow by expression."

first give the story of the hymn. There Pictures.' Again pictures! "An are several inexpensive books on ounce of picture is worth a ton of hymnology. Because of "Africa's talk." Gather from all sources, pro- Sunny Fountain," you may still like, vided they are good pictures. Two "From Greenland's Icy Mountains." picture sheets on Africa ($.25 each) It is easy to secure the story of Regi- are provided. Packets of smaller pic- nald Heber's writing this hymn. Easy tures. Magazines, from the National to illustrate because of the numerous Geographic to Saturday Evening Post, beautiful advertisements, railroad and provide wonderful covers and pictures

for posters and notebooks. Even the envelopes. This keeps the girls busy daily papers often have African pic- and happy. Even fashion sheets and tures. Let the boys talk of "Big catalogs furnish wonderful material Game" and Roosevelt's party and turn for enterprising lads and lasses.

it to what we are hunting. Wonder- One last, large DON'T. Avoid ful posters! A poster contest is al- dwelling on the grotesque, crude and lowable ; posters advertising the uncanny customs of the African life meeting; a large picture of Living- and people. Do not make too sharp stone or some noted missionary or ex- contrasts between blacks and whites plorer on an easel with "Guess Who" tending to create the superiority com- underneath. Fine steroptican slides, plex in Junior boys and girls. This even "movies" are available. Postcards is a barrier to world friendship. It and your own Baloptican. The writer was a puzzled South African who said saw a junior boy give in this way the to a missionary who had constantly Livingstone family sitting room-the preached, "We are all God's children,"

father, mother and son grouped in "But is God himself not white?" Be- the early dawn before David was leav- fore the perturbed missionary could ing. The father handed the son the reply the African ventured, "Perhaps Bible for the final family prayers. we brown people are his step children."

David read the 121st Psalm which is called the "Livingstone Psalm" to this SOME METHODS FOR ADULTS day. Space forbids many other help- By MRS. J. B. LIPPARD, Philadelphia, Pa. ful suggestions. There is a game, Making Attendance Possible "Across Africa With Livingstone."

Many simple ones may be devised. Another pastor's wife, on entering Books and Stories: Of Livingstone, a new field, found a sad little group Mary Siessor and many other heroes comprising the Women's Missionary and heroines, there are books and Society. The majority of the church stories without number. Write your members did not even know of the denominational Board and Literature existence of the organization. She at Bureaus. An excellent reading con- once altered the wording of the brief test is provided for the Crusaders and monotonous announcement made (Baptist Juniors), perhaps others. from the pulpit. "The meeting of the This is the reading craze age. Get Women's Missionary Society will be these lists, have traveling libraries, held next Tuesday. Every member is consult the juvenile librarian in your requested to be present," was changed public library. Keep a record of books to read, "Every woman in the congreread; have a book review by a boy gation is requested to be present," or girl. One Junior group dramatized and attractive posters were hung in an entire Home Mission study book in the vestibule. Later one was put in one evening. the Bible classroom, then in the For Your Encouragement! Often ladies' rest room and lastly a larger the smaller schools and churches do poster was hung in the nursery. the best work. Out of most meager Mothers could not well bring their equipment, marvelous handwork has babies to the missionary meeting, so been evolved. Save everything. Your she found one or two capable young African call drums may be finely made women willing to offer their services out of pasteboard mailing tubes (for for the hour. A poster of a smiling the boys). The slips of heavy paper young nurse amusing a child anin your shredded wheat boxes are just nounced (again in the nursery) that the right weight for cutting figures babies would be cared for during mis- (children, men and women, nurses, sionary meeting. In another society etc.) for Alaskan and African villages. the mothers themselves took turns Color as desired, dress up with the caring for the babies in their own bright linings saved from Christmas homes during this hour.

One church finds it best to hold the one from the bag. On opening it she Junior Missionary Meeting at the wa,s asked to tell what it was, from same time as the women's meeting. what country it came and how it was While the boys and girls are absorbed used. If the objects have recently in their program in one part of the been studied about in the programs church, the mothers are within call, this is easy and interesting, but if not, free to enjoy their meeting. a short description of the object may be written and attached to it, to be Another church has begun to hold read by the holder. its meeting in the morning on Thursday, an off-day with most housewives, A portrait gallery is another pleaseach bringing a box lunch and staying ant surprise. Picture frames and for the sewing guild in the afternoon. cardboard with the names of mission- They can be home, after two meetings, aries written inside or on the back by the time the children return from may be handed about and the holder school. asked to tell all she knows of the per- son. Or the missionary and her work A Good Program may be described on the frame, and the holder asked to name her. Mis- Posters, personal invitations, tele- sionary puzzles may be played by pilphone calls, even offers of automobile ing photographs of missionaries on rides to and from the meeting will all the table, their names forming anfail if the' program is uninteresting other jumbled pile. Each member is or if the sympathies of those attend- asked to match as many names and ing are not aroused for the cause. pictures as possible. Photographs of Amusement alone will fail. A theatri- mission institutions, hospitals, schools, cal entertainment, good music and churches, etc., may be used in the even food will pall soon. We are same way. sated with such attractions in this day. Hearts and sympathies must be A pleasant surprise is the introductouched, needs made known, condi- tion of a real missionary or some one tions described, our own responsibility who had lately toured one of the fields, emphasized. In other words informa- to give a brief talk or to answer question is absolutely essential to inspira- tions. tion. A song of some foreign country Pictures, letters from the field, en- well and sympathetically rendered is counters with missionaries or better an effective surprise. still native Christians themselves, map and globe studies, curios and products Unfamiliar scripture verses, bearfrom mission lands – all these help ing vital missionary messages, or rebut they must all be presented in as lated to the program or objective of fresh and attractive a manner as pos- the meeting sometimes causes astonsible. ishment. "Is that really in the Bible?" "Did Christ say that?" are questions Surprises at Eaeh Meeting that lead naturally to more careful Bible study. One society, after using the regular programs prepared by its own board, A display of the fiags of foreign introduces a "surprise" at each meet- lands and an explanation of their ing. At the beginning of the year origin and meaning may form a unique when the officers are elected a Sur- feature. The story of the new rainprise Chairman for each meeting is bow fiag of China, the happy thought appointed. This gives ample time for of the Rising Sun of Japan, the sturdy preparation. One time a grab bag ap- bravery of the black men of Liberia peared. Objects from different coun- in adopting a fiag as much like that tries were wrapped in small parcels of America as possible all hold thrills and each woman was allowed to take and compelling interest.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK HAVE ANY BEEN OMITTEDt them to eat." The possibilities of In at least one denomination of our Christian ideals in the home of a Christian family it is the custom, child, with a book in its hands suitable after the Communion Service, to in- to its comprehension, cannot be over- quire: "Have any been omitted in the estimated. distribution of the Bread"? We are The Christian activities on the misreminded of the words of Dr. Wordsworth: "Verily if God has made the sion field make a glorious record. Behuman mind a thing demanding food side the primary foundation in the work of preaching the Gospel, is the and satisfied by its feeding, so does He provide for it daily bread worthy next pillar of the Temple, the estabof an arch angel." lishment of Christian education. They have established ninety-nine agricul- Yes, the heavenly manna comes to us in unfailing supply, not only in the tural establishments to help the peo- Book of all books, but in the rich pie secure more food for their bodies' treasures poured forth from thousands sixty-eight homes for lepers ministe; of consecrated pens in volumes of to the suffering of the most loathsome fragrant devotion; in critical illumi- sort, while millions of treatments are nation of the truths of the Book; in given in mission hospitals. From the parable in daily life; in the report of beginning the missionary has been a great service; with the tingling mov- translator. Have not doctors of Diing beauty of the poet; all this for vinity translated works of theology our feasting and for our nourishment and philosophy into the vernacularsand for our growth until the board but "the little child in the midst" has he been omitted in the distribution of groans before us with these gifts of the Bread? God for our mental growth and spir- To remedy this lack the Committee itual nourishment. on Christian Literature for Women We may well question: "Have any and Children on Mission Fields has been omitted in the distribution of been specializing in pUblications the Bread?" The answer comes suited for the mental capacity of the clearly – not only those outside of woman in the home and the little child. Christian nurture but many among The Master Himself who taught His those who bear the name of Christ great truths in parable form must and who seek to follow His steps, yet surely smile on the efforts of the misare so weak that their mental and sionary who takes time from her busy spiritual growth is retarded for lack tasks to write a story for little chilof this daily bread. Among all of dren which will illustrate some phase these we put the women and the chil- of Christian living, or who translates dren first-the gentle mothers in mis- a book with a high motive, who edits sion lands, where, surrounded by false a magazine with pictures and puzzles ideals and low moral standards, they and contests for the older child, a find nothing fit for their children to magazine which has a foundation of read. The evil one is busy supplying Christian truth but which gives the unwholesome bread for these who are material in form so attractive that the coming out of illiteracy and ignorance, cheap harmful competition of unliterature which is wasteful or harm- righteous books is more than met.

ful and poisonous. We must hear the Does one consider a cook book a Master's voice more clearly, "Give ye Christian document? It may well be 1003

when a missionary in Japan writes but rich and poor, officials and soldiers the American recipes which are in devour them. until they are worn to such demand, but leaves out all calls tatters. We can with confidence claim for wine and brandy which abound in that almost one million are reached the ordinary book on American cook- with this distribution of the Bread of ing. China, too, wishes to learn for- Life. Oh for an endowment to reach eign cookery. Who is to supply the the 99,000,000 beyond! The resources book which includes only the in- of this magazine are limited, and this gredients that will be wholesome 1 Committee has been able to give only Pandita Ramabai, that distinguished $1,200 this year, which worked out Indian Christian woman, published a per capita would make the cost for cook book, having opposite each recipe each child one half of one per cent. It a Bible verse and reference. How is like the miracle of the loaves and far its influence went we cannot tell, fishes. but we know that three Brahman The very name of India carries with AN ILLUSTRA'l'ION OF THE SOWER it the thought of Oriental splendor. The mines of Golconda; the rubies families were won by the Christian and pearls of the royal carpet; the message on its pages. romantic history of the Kohinoor; the magnificence of the Durbars all com- It is pitiful to see the trash which bine to make the child of India love is flooding Japanese bookshops when its gems and jewels, and dream of there is so little reading matter that their magnificence even in the humis attractive and pure for the thou- blest village street. What then more sands of factory girls. We see how appropriate for the name of a magathe story of "Pollyanna," translated zine for young people than The Treasby a Japanese girl, while laid aside ure Chest-which brings out monthly from active duties by illness, can be the choicest stories of Indian lore, the a real tonic in conditions like these. lives of heroes and prophets of Hindu- stan, the gems of its ancient litera- "Have any been omitted1" There ture,. the joy of service, and above all are said to be one hundred million the glory of the King of kings. Small children of school age in China! For wonder is it that The Treasure Chest them we have begun the distribution is subscribed for by people of interof bread. Today 95,000 copies of our national note. Rabindranath Tagore little magazine, Happy Childhood, go has been a subscriber since the beginout into the provinces of China, and ning and has written a poem for its not only the boys and girls read them pages; the Begum of Bhopal, that highly honored Mohammedan Queen, takes it for her granddaughters, beautiful lively young girls of the new age of India. A Brahmo Samaj school subscribes for twenty-five copies, while mission schools rely on it for supplementary work.

The writer had the privilege at the Triennial Conference of Woman's Boards held in Philadelphia in 1912 to propose that we enter upon the publication work and use the syndi- cate idea to spread the work. It is wonderful how this idea of having a syndicated form of magazine pub- lished in several of the vernaculars is spreading. Editions of The Treasure

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

Chest appear in Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, night from hostility to friendship with and others in Hindi and Gujerati are the United States. The message carjust issued. ried by The Friend of Youth magazine may well prove another potent force Reverently God has been mar- which will bind the hearts of the next velously opening a way for this work. generation on this side of the world Take the question of the need of the with a loyalty to America which will Turkish people. The magazine which not be Latin nor Anglo-Saxon but we have begun to publish in Constan- Christian. tinople comes at a time when the Turks are waking up in marvelous Zorhut says: "The extent of a fashion. The abolition of the face palace is measured from east to west veil, the adoption of western headgear or from north to south, but that of a for the men in place of the traditional literary work from the earth to fez, the sanctioning of the Christian heaven." The aim of this Committee calendar are all indications of a new is indeed to build character which spirit, and now, most marv~lous of all, shall mount from earth to heaven. comes the proclamation of the substitution of the Roman alphabet for CLEMENTINA BUTLER. Arabic characters, with the promise of the head of their people that in AN ILLUSTRATION l<~ROM "HAPPY CHILD· two years simplified lettering will be HOOD" used throughout all of Turkey! Next ]4ary Craig Peacock to the simplification of the Chinese ideographs comes this opportunity October 23, 1928, marked the passfor a wider education to those who ing of a radiant personality, the homehave been hindered in the past by the going of Miss Mary Craig Peacock. immense task of mastering the very rudiments of an education. Into this Miss Peacock's home was in Torsituation the Committee on Christian resdale, Pa. She has been chairman Literature for Women and Children of the Wilson College Conference have entered with a magazine for since its inception, chairman of comwomen and children to be published mittees on both the Council of Women in Constantinople which bids fair to for Home Missions and the Federameet an immediate demand for some- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign thing to read, the cry of the children Missions. the world over and something in the new alphabet. In every avenue of life she has re- flected the spirit of the Christ she One thousand dollars a year is re- served and the abundant life He came quired to put this magazine on its to bring. feet and a wonderful investment in international friendship can be established.

The latest activity of the committee is helping a magazine for young people, The Friend of Youth, published in South America but having subscribers in Cuba, Mexico and Spain as well as in many of the Latin American Republics. Can there be any better gift of friendship with the Latin American peoples than this international friend?

Lindbergh flew with a message of good will to Mexico and the attitude of the Mexican people changed over EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK Any man who has a religion is bound to do one of two things with it CHANGE IT-or SPREAD IT If it isn't true-he must give it up If it is true -he must give it away.

-Robert E. Speer.

FEDERATED STUDENT COMMITTEE 2. Council of Women for Home Mis- sions-Committee on Student Work. History and Summary of Work 1921-1928 3. Council of Church Boards of Ed~­ cation-the women members of the Um- '1'he Federated Student Committee has fUlle~ versity Committee. tioned very successfully as a clearing hOUSf> for representaqves of mis~ionary boards and 4. Young Women's Christian Associaother religious agencies whlch approach ~omen tion-Student Department of the Nastudents. The following B.ummary wIll an- tional Board. swer the numerous inquirIes that are re~ ceived from time to time in regard to its 5. Student Volunteer Movement–the compcrsition and activiUes.-EDITOR. women representatives of the Movement.

The Federated Student Committee 6. Student Fellowship for Christian is an informal group for consultation Life-Service – the women representa- tives. (This group no longer sends and cooperation in religious work representatives to the meetings.) among women students. Such women student secretaries of 1. Beginning-An invitation from denominational boards as may possi- bly not be included under 1 and 2, the Committee on Student Work of may also be members of the committee. the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions to the Council The executive secretaries of the of Women for Home Missions to send Federation of Woman's Boards of representatives to attend a joint meet- Foreign Missions, of the Council of ing. Such joint meetings were held Women for Home Missions, of the for a year or so. Later, the Council Cooperating Committee for the Womformed the women members of the en's Union Christian Colleges in Forthen-existing Committee on Recruit- eign Fields, of the Committee on Miing into a Committee on Student grant Work and of Religious Work for Work. Representatives of the other Indian Schools are members of the agencies cited below were soon invited committee. to the meetings. The Federated Student Committee met for the first time Notices and minutes are sent to all on January 25, 1921. members of the committee and min- utes to the secretaries of the Council II. Meetings-Held three times a of Church Boards of Education, and year-September, January and May. to such denominational secretaries of Boards of Education as may express III. Constituent Bodies-The fol- a desire for them. lowing are the constituent bodies which make up the Federated Student Any member of the committee is Committee. The channel or depart- free to invite any appropriate person ment through which the cooperation to a meeting of the committee as a operates is indicated. guest.

1. Federation of Woman's Boar~s of IV. Fina;nces – Each constituent Foreign Missions of North Amerlca- body is asked to pay ten dollars a Student Committee.

1006 year to cover expense of notices and VI. Future Theme minutes. The calendar year is the January-Problems in c h u r c h fiscal year. work, government and policy which V. Work Accomplished particularly affect women in the work 1. Cooperation of Church Board of the Church.

representatives with Y. W. C. A. stu- WHY A CHRISTIAN WOMAN dent conferences through SHOULD BE INTERESTED IN CIVICS (a) Preliminary letter of sugges- By MARGARET TUSTIN O'HARRA tions to every Church Board representative attending such conferences. 1. In order to find out "How Democracy Works Out as an American Experi- (b) Findings of these Church Board representatives concerning con- ment." ferences attended are a basis of discussion and planning for future 2. Because she lives in a land where conferences. home-making is an art. 2. Endorsement of Union Christian 3. Because by so doing she helps to de- velop a higher social order and a bet- ter public spirit. .

College Campaign in 1921 (with co- 4. She should be interested in developing operation of Y. W. C. A.) to help se- people who practice citizenship autocure Laura Spelman Rockefeller gift. This cause has been promoted con- matically. 5. Because she will be helping to de- velop a thinking group, working to- tinuously since then. gether for better homes, better 3. Endorsement of the work among schools, better streets, pure foods, better industrial conditions, play- Farm and Cannery Migrants (now grounds, better recreational opporentitled Migrant Work) done by de- tunities, including moving pictures, nominational boards through the and everything for the betterment of Council of Women for Home Missions. childhood. 4. Promotion of Church Team vis- 6. Because it develops higher moral its. standards, which always lead to 5. Study of giving among students. deeper religious and spiritual feel- ings.

Much time was spent on this study 7. Because the political life of the and considerable research work was United States affects world relationdone. While many interesting facts ships, and therefore affects the progwere brought forth, it was found that ress of Christianity.

definite information was difficult to WHAT WE NEED AND DO NOT obtain. NEED 6. Extensive research work was Standing beside the grave of the done through the Rural Department Unknown Soldier President Coolidge of the Y. W. C. A. on students in said: rural communities and much inter- We do not need more national develesting data was made available. opment; 7. Recent meetings have been de- We need more spiritual development.

voted to the study and discussion of We do not need more intellectual powvarious student problems, such as er; (a) Recruiting for the foreign We need more spiritual power.

mission field. We do not need more knowledge; (b) Elements in the present-day We need more character.

appeal of foreign missions which are especially interesting to students. VVe do not need more government: (c) The religion of the present-day We need more culture.

student. We do not need more law; Cd) What the Church means to my VVe need more religion.

generation.

Ce) The Church we face and its We do not need more of the things that are seen; problems. Discussion based on a num- VVe need more of the things that are ber of papers by students. unseen.

ORLD-WiDE

.NORTH AMERICA opportunity of getting on the air for a similar purpose, though it has more An Inter-Racial Experbnent in mind the removal of ignorance as to just what modern Judaism is. THE November issue of the Meth- Hence every Wednesday evening one odist World Service News, de- may hear through WEAF representascribed the experience of Dr. Oxnam, tives of every wing of Jewish faith, now President of DePauw University, Orthodox, Reformed and Conservawhen he was in charge of "The Church tives in all their variations. Chrisof All Nations" in Los Angeles. His tians will find it a convenient means success in obliterating racial lines and of getting a synagogue service at its fostering brotherhood was marked. very best, since unusual efforts have Here are two samples. The Buddhists been made to maintain a high standof that cit,y. had erected a temple. ard in these presentations. Through friendly relations with the Japanese, Dr. Oxnam was invited to deliver the address on Buddha's birth- Results of Indian Missions day. "We met in the temple," he says, "and I sat with the Japanese consul, I N THE Problems of Indian Adminwatched the eager folk who listened istration, the report of a survey to the ritual and the ringing of the made at the request of Secretary Work numerous bells, and deeply appreciated of the Department of the Interior, an the courteous attention they gave to interesting distinction is made bethe address delivered by one who was tween the long-time and the shorta 'foreigner' to them. Then I re- time view of missionaries. The turned home to tell my people about investigators feel that many missionit." And again he writes: "A Japa- aries are inclined to measure things nese child was run over on Seventh by what can be done in their own life- Street. I called and brought a bou- time of service and that, therefore, quet. With all the courtesy of the they are more easily discouraged.

Sunrise Kingdom, the little mother ac- Our Indian work has been very for- cepted the gift. The father was pro- fuse in his appreciation, and the tunate in the fact that all the early loyalty of both since that hour has missionaries to the Dakotas have tak- been inspiring." Of his helpers in en the long-time view. Today, when . that church, he says: "We sought to the second and third generation is employ only those as staff members growing up, we are reaping the fruit who loved people in addition to neces- sary qualifications. It had to be a of their consecrated work; but we in love that leaped across racial bar- turn must also have faith enough to riers." believe that those coming after us will reap the harvest growing out of the Broadcasting Judaism seed which we are sowing.-Rev. Ru- dolf Hertz, Missionary of the Ameri- can Missionary Association.

I N BROADCASTING Roman Ca- tholicism, Protestant denomina- Mormonism Today tions, Christian Science for the propa- DEW people realize the seriousness gation of their forms of faith, The .l' of the Mormon situation in Amer- United Synagogue of America sees its ica. The Utah Gospel Mission to the 1008 Mormons in its quarterly, Light on America is an organized body of Jew- Mormonism, gives ten outstanding ish men and women who believe Jesus great facts about Mormonism: Christ to be their Lord and Saviour, the promised Messiah of Israel accord- 1. There are now over 600,000 Mor- ing to the Scriptures. The Hebrew mons, of the two main kinds-both Christian Alliance stands for a brothdangerous. erhood of a twice-exiled people. First, because we are a part of homeless 2. About 142,000 square miles of Israel, wandering among the Gentiles; territory are dominated by Utah Mor- and, second, because our attachment monism, besides manY smaller centers to Christ Jesus-the stone rejected by elsewhere, into which they spread. the Jewish builders-has made us re- jected stones also. Our nation has 3. Utah Mormonism has over 2,000 cast us off. emissaries out proselyting, organized with officers in eleven districts of Its membership includes Hebrew America and several abroad. Christians of all denominations and an international organization has been 4. These emissaries teach untrue formed with which nineteen national doctrines, contrary to the Bible and organizations have affiliated. reason, and dangerous in their effects. Traditionally the Jews believe 5. They get approximately 10,000 Christianity to be an idolatrous reproselytes from nominal church mem- ligion, anti-semitic in its spirit and bers yearly. history. But the members of the He- brew Christian Alliance, a visible and 6. Mormonism has doubled in twen- tangible body of believers in Christ, ty-five years; largely because we have demonstrate that Christianity is mononot taken care of our own people. theistic and has its roots in Messianic Judaism: that Jesus is the promised 7. The real cure is teaching the Jewish Messiah, according to the Mormon people the true Gospel and Scriptures. When Jews find the mem- Bible in place of their system of bers of their own race believe these errors; and warning everybody intel- things and are lovers of their people, ligently about Mormonism. they (the unconverted Jews) are in- fluenced and encouraged to examine 8. Mormons are trained against at- for themselves the claims of Christ. tending Christian church services, and Many Jews are, as Nicodemus of old, cannot be evangelized by ordinary secret searchers and some even secret methods, as has been proven by sixty believers; and when they hear of the years of such effort. Alliance of Hebrew Christians they are encouraged to make an open con- 9. Hence the necessity of a travel- fession of their faith in Christ. These ing work, like the Utah Gospel Mis- are encouraged to join the Alliance sion, taking the message to the homes for active service. by voice and print, with every detail specially adapted to the peculiar need. Feathers and Paint-the Gospel 10. In spite of apathy and other THE Presbyterian Survey for Nogreat hindrances, the results of this vember has as a title, "Take Our work have come, to Jan. 1, 1928: 400,- Feathers and Paint, but Give Us the 000 at meetings, over 400,000 house- Gospel." Its author reminds us that to-house calls, 34,000,000 pages of work for the Indians was the first Gospel print used, 32,000 Bibles sold Presbyterian mission work, before the and given, etc. Probably nine-tenths division into Northern and Southern of the work done was in homes other- branches. The present Southern wise unreached and unreachable by Presbyterian work for them is for other methods. two tribes. This home mission work Hebrew Christian Alliance ASCHOOL of missions was held by this Alliance during the summer at Winona Lake.

The Hebrew Christian Alliance of 5

has been worth while. Oklahoma is LATIN AMERICA its main center and the original Presbytery has grown into two more. Mexican Catholic Petition Though it is commonly believed that the Indian is a dying race, those in T HE controversy that has set the Oklahoma are not dying out. Gov- Roman Catholic church in Mexico ernment statistics show that one in opposition to the government seems tribe, the Choctaws, e. g., have in- to be on the way to solution. A peticreased 1,200 when the total is about tion bearing nearly two million sig- 28,000. One of their number says: natures, presented to the Mexican "We have lawyers, doctors, merchants congress by Catholics, outlines a and bankers among us. There are a program for changes in the Mexican number of us in the Congress of the constitution and in the laws regulat- United States, and a number occupy ing religion which, if carried into efother places of prominence. We have fect, will satisfy the church. The the benefits of Christian civilization demands of the Catholic petition are and will be here for years to come." three: Lost in Alaska. "Recognition of the existence of dif- ferent religious bodies, faiths, and HERE is a 'Picture of Alaskan life. creeds; recognition of the separation An Eskimo boy started out last of church and state and interdepend- November to get willows, but it ence of both; and no legislation by snowed hard that day. His dogs spied the state in church affairs." some reindeer, made after them and finally got away from him. In his General statements such as these efforts to catch them, he went farther require careful definition, the state and farther from home. When he de- can regard it as clear victory to find cided to give up the chase he had only that the church is ready to renounce a hazy idea as to where he was. He these long-claimed privileges: the walked over the tundra until night right to the direction of education, overtook him, when he happened upon including the national schools; gova patch of willows where he camped ernment aid in the enforcement of over night. Fortunately he grasped vows taken in the religious orders; his ax before the dogs escaped and subventions by the state for the aid with it he chopped wood for a fire. He of Catholic schools; rights to hold had three matches in his pocket and property and conduct industries (rewith the second one he lighted a fire serving only the right to possess such which he kept going through the property as is absolutely necessary for night and so did not freeze. His carrying on the affairs of the church) ; mother and the neighbors sought for and recognition of Roman Catholicism him that night in vain. Near noon as the state religion. If the Catholic the next day they brought him in on Church will give up these claims, and a sledge, as he was six miles from if it will consent to a regime in which home and almost exhausted. When all religious bodies stand equal before asked whether he was not very much the law, it may find a basis under frightened during the night, he re- which it will be free to carryon its plied, "No," for when he prayed he activities, received the assurance that all was well. Many similar cases of hard- King of a Haitian Isle ships and real danger are told of the Christians in going to Christmas-eve THE lIe de Gonave, lying off Haiti, meetings and other festivals, when has a population of some 10,000, clothes are frozen stiff upon them, all of them Negroes descended from while ears and toes are also frozen. the first slaves brought over by the Spanish. They are little removed from the state of savagery of their ancestors, with the voodoo cult their main religion. An enlisted man of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

our Marine Corps, Faustin Wirkus, An Argentina Problem was stationed there a few years ago and for two years was the only white A REPORT on the steady increase man on the Island. He did for the in the population of Argentina people all that he could as an enlisted and of the high civilization in the officer, and when they saw that he greater part of the country concludes sought only their welfare, they elected that "civilization does not spell chris- him as their king, and address him as tianization, nor even evangelization. "Your Majesty." The office of king Some of the worst evils are winked at carries with it that of high priest of by modern civilization and some of the the voodoo cult. A mission had been worst sins and vices are fostered and started previous to his coming, but fondled in its lap. had been abandoned. King Faustin I was instrumental in the return of a "Perhaps the most pressing need in white missionary, and the natives are Argentina from our evangelical stand- being converted to Christianity rap- point, is the thorough evangelization idly. While everything is primitive of the rural sections. Though much with no modern machinery, King remains to be done in the city and Faustin has been content to remain town areas, much is being done, and there because of the success attend- the churches established in them must ing his efforts to help the Negroes. be trusted and encouraged to launch In a sense he is a missionary King.- out boldly in reaching their immediate Christian Endeavor World. neighbors. But the great problem is how to reach the farmers and the A Barber Evangelist workmen scattered over the country districts. History proves that in Ca- REV. R. R. GREGORY, secretary of nada, Australia, New Zealand and the the Caribbean Agency of the United States, the cities have drawn American Bible Society, writes of a on the rural districts for the powerful new group of believers at Supia, Co- men and women to tell them how to lombia, a town in a mountain region live. These great men and women practically isolated from the outside were cradled in the Christian homes, world. He says: Sunday schools, and churches of rural communities. Argentina still lacks, "Five years ago one of our colpor- to a large extent, this vital contributeurs, in company with a missionary, tion to its national life. In most counvisited the place. Several Bibles were try districts scores of its young sold, and an acquaintance was made manhood spend their Sundays at the with a number of very friendly people, country saloons, drinking, horse racincluding a barber who was a regular ing, gambling, and being polluted reader of El Mensaje Evangdico, pub- moraliy."-Neglected Continent. lished at Cali, in the southwestern part of Colombia. Later this barber EUROPE and his son visited Cali and Medellin, and bought not only Bibles and song Historic Methodist Conference books, but other evangelical literature. He also secured ten subscriptions to THE Conference at Liverpool last El Mensaje Evangelico. The reading summer assures the union of the of this paper stimulated Bible study. three Methodist bodies of Great Britain, and an Enabling Bill will be "The barber shop became a gospel introduced in the next session of center, and the barber and his son, Parliament. In addressing the Con- Emilio, became the expounders of the ference, Rev. E. A. French asserted Word of God. When Emilio married, that as a divided Methodism had the little group interested in the study stressed its differences, so a united of the Bible found a home open to them Methodism would stress its common and a more congenial place for their faith. A united Methodism would discussions and Bible readings." help toward a more effective evan-

gelism. Sir Robert Perks, in second- M. Barsoumian, an Armenian pasing the union resolution, said that he tor, works among his countrymen at earnestly believed that the result of Marseilles and holds meetings in a this union would be to set the coun- Salvation Army Hall loaned for the try on fire again, and bring such a purpose. The average attendance is season of spiritual prosperity that about one hundred, and a church is they would forget the differences that being organized.-The Bible in the have separated them in recent years. World. In the presidential address, Dr. Lightley said: "When all reservations German Missions Progress have been made it will be conceded by all that there is nothing quite as im- T HE Leipzig Missionary Society portant as this question of religious reports a very satisfactory year, experience for us as a Christian com- having been able to reestablish work munity. Whatever of distinction may in its former fields in Africa and have been won by us in the religious India. The Director, Dr. Ihmels, world for generosity, organization, visited both fields and returned with preaching power, or social service, our enthusiastic reports about the progoutstanding contribution to the Chris- ress of the work. During the time tian Church as a whole has been our when German missionaries were not testimony that· this is the goal toward allowed in Africa, the work was cared all else must tend, and the final test for by the Augustana Synod of Amerof a Church's success." It was Wes- ica. Now both groups work in adley's new experience of the indwelling joining fields, the Americans taking Christ in the soul which set England Iramba (Arambo) and the Germans on fire at the birth of Methodism. the rest of the former territory near Without this there would have been the Kilimandjaro, Tanganyika. There no Wesley hymns as we know them, are now in the German fi,eld over and in simple truth no Methodism at 13,000 Christians and 2,248 inquirers. all. In one place, Madshame, Dr. Ihmels took part in the dedication of a church ArDlenians in France erected without aid from abroad- not only without financial help, but DOCTOR CHARLES SAROLEA, also without direction in the building Professor of French Literature operations. The example of this, nain the University of Edinburgh, makes tive congregation is being imitated by the statement that three million aliens others. The Leipzig missionaries are are residents in France. encouraging the natives to make the church truly indigenous, not only al- "Of these three million aliens," he lowing them to develop a native style says, "perhaps the saddest are the Ar- of architecture adapted to the African menians, of whom there are altogether landscape, but also fostering the about 60,000-20,000 of them in Paris adaption of everything typically and 12,000 in Marseilles. Most of African, not anti-Christian, to the life them arrived in France completely of the Africans who have become destitute, fresh from scenes of horror Christian. they can never forget. Sometimes only one or two members of a family In India, the Leipzig Mission is the managed to escape the Turkish mas- lineal descendant of the first Protessacre. In the Oddo camp at Marseilles, tant missions, begun under Ziegenbalg where 1,000 of these unfortunates live, and Pluetschau more than two huntheir conditions are sad in the ex- dred years ago. During the war, the treme. About twenty families live in Lutherans of Sweden nobly cared for each hut, and are only separated from the bereaved mission stations and each other by thin partitions of sack- eventually established the Tamil Evaning. gelical Lutheran Church. The Swed- ish Missionary Society restored to the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Germans the real estate, schools and pari, Secretary of State, transmitted stations that belonged to them and the the Pope's blessing. This year they Germans ceded to the Tamil Church are urging that the Gospel be read at the church buildings and pastors' Mass both in Latin and in Italian. dwellings. The Leipzig Mission has reentered upon its wOIk with re- Russian CODlDlunistic Youth newed vigor, showing a rare adaptability to the present circumstances. ACCORDING to the Komsomolskaya They have now 25,938 Christians. Pravda, during the five years of The majority of the baptisms took this Youth Movement it has organized place in the Swedish part of the field. about 2,000,000, and has grown to be These Tamil Christians have con- an indispensable part of the Soviet tributed rupees 51,037 to self-support. social life and of the communistic edu- The theological seminary, which was cation of children. But there are always noted for its excellence, is 'difficulties in its path. The general maintained jointly by the Swedish aims for which the Communistic and the German societies. Party and the Komsomol are working must be made clear and dear to the Bible Reading for Italian Catholics children. They must be educated in a spirit of collectivism and social life. AMOVEMENT in Italy to make the The children have not yet forgotten Gospels known and read has, as a the old superstitions that their parents papal endorsement, an incident occur- have taught them. The older pioneers ring in 1903, quoted in The Christian must continue this work even among Irishman, from the Osservatore Cat- the adult population; of course they tolico of Milan. In 1903 the Pope must not use coarse measures, mockreceived a deputation from the St. ery, etc., in this work. What a con- Jerome Society for the Circulation of trast this, to American work for the Gospels, which asked for a bless- children and youth! ing upon their work. Pope Pius X granted their request, saying: "Will- AFRICA ingly do I bless it with my two hands and my whole heart, because I am cer- Cairo University Success tain that it is doing the greatest good, and has already been blessed by God. PROFESSOR J. A. ADDISON, who The more the Gospel is read, the more has been a recent lecturer at the is faith revived. The Gospel is a book American University at Cairo, states which is profitable for everyone and this objective in a recent article in for all things. I, who have lived The Cathedral Quarterly. "The Ameramong the people, know well what are ican University was founded to reach ~heir special wants and tastes. You and train Moslems, and especially seek to circulate the Gospel; it is well Moslems of the upper classes in whose done (Brovissimo!) . .. I bless the hands lie the immediate future of members of this Society and all who Egypt. Against all prophecies and devote themselves to a work so holy beyond all expectations, it has sucas the circulation of the Gospel." ceeded. For apparently not only does the University want Moslems but Now twenty-five years later, an as- Moslems want the University. Last tonishing movement among Italian year its numbers doubled, and of its Catholics is reported. A society has 315 students more than half were been formed among orthodox Roman Mohammedan." Catholics to promote the reading of the New Testament led by three clerics An "Ethiopian" Governor's Welcome of distinguished learning. The Society held a Congress last May which DR. LAMBIE, the United Presbyreceived regrets from nearly all the terian pioneer in Abyssinia, Italian Bishops, while Cardinal Gas- leader of the Sudan Interior Mission, has been invited into Southern Abys- sinia by the same Governor Beroo

who ten years ago invited him to come our evangelists walk eighteen, twenty as the first missionary to Western and twenty-two miles every day." Abyssinia. On arriving, worn out with their journey, they were driven A Gorilla C,hapel to prayer as to where to seek an abid- ing place. Soon this answer appeared. AS ONE enters the new brick chapel "A company of fine gentlemen, clothed t. at Elat, in the Cameroun Mission in spotless white, riding fine mules, foot-soldiers by the hundreds, and in of the American Presbyterian Church, the midst, on a magnificent mule, with one sees a new phase in evolution from silver and gold trappings, and sitting gorilla to spiritual man. When Mr. very straight and dignified, was Gov- Culbertson was visiting the mission ernor Beroo. We were going to get and went elephant hunting, he brought off our mules to salute him with' back a gorilla, a forest baby which proper courtesy, but he motioned to cried and clung to him, riding on his us not to do so, and gave us his right hip in true black baby fashion. When hand . . .. He came that afternoon he drove his motorcycle, the baby rode with a big company of men, and drank the spanker seat, his arms around his tea with us. He sent for us early the master's waist. On the arrival of the next morning. Up to this time I had American steamer, one day, Mr. Culnever said one word about our want- bertson sold the baby and with his ing to open a mission in Sidama sale price as a basis, built the much- Province. . .. He asked us how many needed chapel where now are held huts we wanted, and of what size, and morning prayers and mid-week meetwrote them down in his little book, ings and, on afternoons, a school for and said that they should be built …. those who want to learn to read God's God had touched his heart, and had Word.-The Drum Call. heard our prayers, and thus the way had been opened for this great prov- "Hartzell Hospital," Kru Coast ince to hear of the Glad Tidings of Salvation." REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, Methodist missionary on Kru Earnest African Evangelists Coast, Liberia, Africa, writes: "The Bishop directs us to start building WHAT gives the greatest joy to 'Hartzell Hospital' on this station Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Wentworth, (Nana Kru), not at some far distant of the Africa Inland Mission, is, they day, but now. Funds have been arsay, "to go to a service and take our ranged for by the sale of Hartzell seat with the congregation. To see Academy in Bassa to the government. and hear those young evangelists take This puts new life into all of us. The complete charge of a meeting is up- last month, therefore, proved to be a lifting. To hear them conduct the busy one. The farm received unremittestimony meeting, to listen to their ting attention. Much cleaning and remarks between the testimonies, now planting were done. The boys' kitchen, a word of exhortation, now a word of a mud and thatched building already encouragement, repeating this prom- tottering to its fall, was pulled down, ise and that promise; to hear them and on the site a two-room iron house plead with their relatives to accept the was built by our own students. The path to God's village, exposing the old smaller room forms the kitchen for the life with its fear, superstition and boys; the larger one a recreation and filth, and showing the profit of the study room, with tables and benches new life in Christ Jesus, is indeed and good lights. All hands are carrycause for praise. Four years ago we ing sand to the top of 'Hospital Hill' had but one out-school, today we have for the concrete mixing." Friends of ten. The Gospel is preached in these Bishop Hartzell and friends of the ten villages six days a week. Some of work in Liberia are planning to con- tribute to the funds for the new hos- pital through money sent in care of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Board of Foreign Missions, 150 of 10,000 marks, which constituted Fifth Avenue, New York.-Christian one third of the sum needed for the Advocate. erection of a mission station in Warn Pamu. Five men had to carry the "Captain of the Men of Death" gift, since it consisted of copper cur- rency! The king excused himself for T HIS title might rightly be claimed not giving the whole sum, saying he by sleeping sickness in Africa, but would have it ready when the misin recent years great progress has sionary came back! been made in its mastery. Physicians may be interested in this quotation Like others of his own race, the from a British medical periodical, king is inclined to drunkenness and where an English Baptist medical in his struggle against his sin, seeks missionary is referred to: the advice and help of the missionary. When the English representative was Perhaps the most brilliant work calling on the king, the latter was so on sleeping sickness has been the suc- drunk that he could not arise to pay cessful treatment of what was for- his respects to the representative of merly regarded as a fatal disease. the British government. The latter This has been due to the elaboration was so disgusted that he immediately of drugs which, when injected into drove away. This sobered the king the blood-stream, are fatal to the try- and he hastened to the house of the panosomes without at the same time missionary and implored him to use being lethal to man. An arsenical his good influence with the English compound known as atoxyl was first official to obtain the latter's pardon. found to be effective, but was super- At the same time he made a vow by seded in 1921 by the introduction by his fetishes to abstain totally from Miss Pearce of tryparsamide. The drink in the future. He has kept his most important work on this drug and vow for quite a long time, but he needs its action on the trypanosomes when the prayers of Christian people to they have invaded the brain and overcome his vice and to be led to central nervous system has undoubt- Christ. edly been done by Dr. Clement Chesterman, of the Baptist Missionary So- A "Heart of Africa" Daniel ciety at Yakusu, and his pioneer work in this direction is regarded as a SCARCELY less heartless than the standard among those who are de- story of Daniel's lion's den is this voted to a study of this subject. situation which confronted a "Heart From Dr. Chesterman's work we now of Africa" mission convert living have a sure indication, not only for under a cannibal chief. The convert, the dosage of the drug and the mode named Zebu, had become an evangelist of administration, but also for the and his abilities were so marked that mode of action and ultimate effect. his chief desired him to accept the headship of a subordinate tribe. This The King of Wam Pamn he declined, regarding it a greater privilege to preach the Gospel. Liv- THE Heidenbote (Basel) contributes ing near his superior, his praying an interesting note on its encour- angered the· head chief because he aging work in Asante, the generous held that his prayers broke the spell Christians in its field and the King of witchcraft ceremonies; so the chief Opong Yan in Warn Pamu, who is declared, "I'll thrash it out of him." friendly to the mission. A mission- Native flogging is on this wise. The ary, Schaefer, tells how the king car- victim is laid on the ground, face ried him a distance of over 200 kilo- downward, and one man holds his meters from one station to another in hands and a second his feet while the his own automobile. On leaving the cruel hippo thong descends on the missionary, he presented to him, as a quivering back. Zebu asked one favor, greeting to the Basel Mission, a gift

that hands and feet might be free. ber of Moslems who are performing "We'll see," said the chief grimly. "It their religious duties is decreasing bedepends on whether or not you can cause of the extreme formalism in prayer keep still." He lay unmoving to re- and worship. The educated people all ceive the stroke, but in the pause that over the Moslem world are finding it is customary after each lash he rose to impossible to perform all their religious his feet and cried: "Hallelujah! I duties. The only reason for such a situaccept it for Jesus' sake," and then ation is that we are bound too much to he lay down again. the exact performance of rituals. The aim of religion is to teach us principles. A Turkey Doctor's Rom.ance It is necessary to interpret these prin- ciples according to the times in which I N QUOTING a college president's we live. My sincere conviction is, that words to his students, "that if they if we want to revive the religious life chose to be missionaries, they must Df Moslems, we must put an end to leave romance behind and expect 90 these rites and ceremonies, we must per cent drudgery," Dr. Cyril Haas eliminate the bowings, prostrations, and standings in prayer, and make it consist rather of an inner humility.

comments thus: "Mission work 90 Work for Jews in Damascus A per cent drudgery and no romance! NEW building was dedicated re- cently to the service of God among With me this whole business has seemed like 90 per cent romance and the Jewish people of Damascus, Syria.

no drudgery.; the romance of fierce The work among Jews in the ancient struggle against daily difficulty; of city is carried on by the Presbyterian facing hazardous tasks and critical Church in Ireland, which sent its first adventures; of trying to play the missionary in 1846. In the early man, eager, alert, aware, in the daily years a good deal of pioneer work was round, in the common task; of trying done by Irish missionaries and also by to train to modern service an ancestral American United Presbyterians as brain, and 'to lift the weight of un- well as by Anglicans through the Lon- numbered years of dead men's habits, don Jews Society. Through an ar- methods and ideas.''' Then he quotes rangement for which none of the as his own Prof. James' words: "We present generation is responsible, must make new energies and hardi- work among Christians was taken up.

hoods continue the manliness to which The result was that the work among the military mind so clings. Martial Syrian Christians was emphasized virtues must be the enduring cement. at the expense of the work among the The martial type of character can be Jews. A few years ago the Presby- bred without war." terian Church in Ireland, recognizing its duty to Israel, decided to push its NEAR EAST Jewish work, and gradually withdrew To Modernize Islam from the work among Syrian Chris- AHMED SAHIB BEY, a notable tians. There are many witnesses .t. Moslem magistrate of Calcutta, among the so-called Christians of India, the founder and chairman of Syria; but it now is the only mission The Islam Educational Society, re- at work among the Jews in the whole cently paid a visit to Turkey. He was of French Syria.

traveling in Moslem lands in order to observe and investigate all the changes Jerusalem Y. M. C. A.

S and recent developments in the Mos- ECRETARY A. C. HARTE writes of the ceremony of laying the lem world, and write a book on the subject. He had already visited cornerstone of the new Y. M. C. A.: Egypt, Palestine and Syria. In an All the Oriental chur~hes were interview with one of the editors of represented, as well as the Protestant Vakut, a Turkish newspaper, he said: churches. The consular service was The aim of the Islam Educational well represented. The High Commissociety is to moderni:?:e Islam. The num- sioner, Field Marshall the Lord Plumer

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

laid the cornerstone and gave the ad- found today as teachers in schools, dress emphasizing the need of the hospital nurses, workers in welfare spirit of brotherhood. The Syrian centers, weavers in carpet factories, Metropolitan read the Gospel in silk weavers, and in other walks of Aramaic, the language of Jesus. life. They take their share in evan- gelism, visiting the sick in both hos- A Leba.non Insane Retreat pitals and homes, and in their simple way they bear testimony to their T HE humane work of the Lebanon neighbors of the faith they hold." Hospital for the Insane is appreciated by Moslems, even though under An Opening Wedge into Afgha.nistan Christian missionary auspices. One reason for this may be seen in the T HE contract for the construction story told by its former medical super- and maintenance of all the railways intendent, Dr. Wolff. He describes a in Afghanistan has been awarded to great cavern, said to have been the a Berlin firm. Preliminary work hermitage of St. Anthony, who im- under the direction of German engiparted healing merit to the insane in neers will be undertaken shortly. his day. "There was one patient who Thus this "land of rocks and stones had been lying quite nake~ under a and sanguinary feuds" is evidencing huge stone, his feet and neck in iron the value of the Amir's 'European chains. For twelve days he had been visit.. "It is interesting to note," says confined in that position, in the fear- The United Presbyterian, "that alful darkness of this awful cave, the though Afghanistan has always been walls of which were running with icy closed to travel of Europeans, and parwater. No wonder that these wretched ticularly of missionaries, three Amervictims often breathe their last at this ican missionaries and an Indian were place." It was to prevent patients permitted to travel to Kabul this sumfrom being treated in this inhuman mer by private car without any special way that the Friends' Foreign Mis- difficulty. In view of the fact that sion Association established their our Punjab mission borders on Afunique institution on the slopes of ghanistan, this even may be of sig- Lebanon. nificance."

Christian Women in Persia INDIA AND SIAM ~~T HE segregation of sexes is very Gandhi and Indian Wom.en pronounced in Persia," writes I N AN article upon "Freedom of Rev. W. Wilson Cash, "and the Women in India," the famous Inrule of the veil is strictly observed dian sage says, of the seclusion and even among schoolgirls. Imagine, isolation of Indian womanhood: then, the change when women come forward for baptism, as many of them "We want the women of our provdo. Some are married women and ince to be as free to move about and undergo all kinds of persecution in take their legitimate part in the life their homes. The husbands disap- of the community in all particulars as prove of their change of faith, and their sisters in Karnatak, Maharashevery effort is made to induce them to tra, and Madras in an essentially Inrecant. The unmarried girls are dian way, avoiding all attempts of more fortunately situated, and are Europeanization; for while we hold able to find Christian husbands, thus that a change from enforced seclusion laying the foundations for Christian to a complete Anglicization would be homes. These women enter the life like dropping from frying-pan into of the church with all the zest of the fire, we feel that purdah must go, if men. They take their share in all that we want our women to develop along goes on, and fearlessly declaring them- Indian ideals. If we want them to selves to be Christians. They are add grace and beauty to our social life apd rajse its moral tone, if we want

them to be excellent managers at Christian. Mr. Perkins writes: "He home, helpful companions of their hus- is afraid that if he becomes a Chrisbands, and useful members of the com- tian, he will lose all his property, munity, then the purdah, as it now which consists of two villages. Nor exists, must go." is his wife willing to become a Chris- tian. The moment he is baptized, she British Commission for India will be divorced from him, according to Mohammedan law, and he will not I AST September this Commission be allowed to look upon her face. Even L started on its second visit to if she would consent to live with him India. Their task is to advise Parlia- after his baptism, Mohammedan law ment as to what changes it should would hold her as living in adultery. make in India's present form of gov- This makes work among Mohamernment. While the Legislative As- medan families very difficult. We do sembly (India's House of Commons) not wish to break up their families." voted to boycott the Commission on its first visit, it has now decided to Languages of India cooperate with the Commission. Seven of the nine provincial assemblies have ~~Al'[Q!'[UMENTAL work, recently also decided to work with the Com- completed, has two features of mission. As opposed to this friendly movement of India, the Home Rulers special interest to those concerned have prepared a report which would about the Bible being made available give Indians virtual independence. in all tongues. In his linguistic sur- vey of India, Sir George Grierson has Indian Outcastes and the Church listed 179 languages and 544 dialects in the Indian Empire, excluding the WITHIN the last forty years about Madras Presidency, the native states ninety per cent of the converts to of Hyderabad and Mysore and Burma Christianity have come from the out- [approximately one-fifth of India castes. When these, to the number of omitted]. For the purpose of comsome 3,000 a week, are gathered in by parison, the Parable of the Prodigal all denominations into the churches, Son was translated into all these lanit is obvious that the teaching and guages and dialects."-Bible Society pastoral care of these new Christians Record. must be of first importance in Indian mISSIOns. It also shows the tragedy A Living Advertisement of the Methodist appeal years ago for new workers, when they declared that PIECE of medical mission work 150,000 outcastes, desiring to enter A much appreciated by the villagers that Church, had to be refused because in and around Montgomerywala, Punthey had no adequate supply of mis- jab, India, is being run by. a worker sionaries to oversee this work. The of the Church Missionary Society. All Church Missionary Society's surveys sorts of ailments are treated at this show that in many districts, one little dispensary, while operation worker has as many as twenty villages cases are passed on to the Society's with Christian congregations under hospital at Multan. One woman who his sole care, the survey showing that came for treatment required operathe needs arising out of the mass tion, but the fear of both herself and movement may be summed up in one her husband led her to refuse to go word-education. into the hospital. However, after gentle persuasion she consented. The Cost of Moslem Baptism operation was successful, and the pa- tient returned to her village a bright REV. J. T. PERKINS of the Meth- and happy woman, telling her Moslem odist Mission in Hyderabad, tells neighbors of the kindness shown to of a Moslem who believes in Jesus but her in the hospital, and dispelling the who is afraid to become a baptized fear of the other villagers who pre-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

viously were afraid to go for treat- sertion is evident everywhere. The dement. "She was a splendid advertise- mand for higher education, for public ment, says the missionary-in-charge." professions and universal suffrage is the outcome of this realization. In short, Siamese Mission Centennial women have discovered the vast possi- bilities of life, and they will not be satis- I N DECEMBER the celebration of fied until they have lived it to the full the hundredth year of Protestant extent. missions in that country will take place. This work began under the Ohina's Disba.nded Troops settled ministry of American Board representatives, Dr. Bradley and Mr. THIS is one of the greatest of the Caswell, tutor to the King, and in re- nation's civic problems just now. cent years has been conducted almost Chambers of Commerce have sent the wholly by American Presbyterians. following telegram on the subject: The work has been one of slow prog- "In order to prevent these disbanded ress among the Buddhists, though soldiers from drifting into banditry, very successful among the Lao ani- appropriate work should be provided mists of the north. While communi- so as to convert them into productive cants number less than 5,000, the laborers, thereby hastening the deinfluence of missionaries upon the de- velopment of industry and bringing velopment of the nation has been very peace to the people." General F€mg significant. The centenary celebra- has ordered a subordinate general to tion in Siam itself aims to show the establish a factory for one of the army people how great progress of higher units to provide them employment, kinds has been made in a century. A arguing that since these soldiers have pageant, street parades, and exhibits sacrificed themselves for the sake of of various sorts, together with meet- the country, they should be given regings addressed by speakers in Eng- ular service training in factories so lish, Siamese and Chinese, will be that they may earn a living at home leading features of the occasion. during their lifetime.

OHINA AND TIBET The "Christian Genera.l" in Honan A Notable Ohinese Testimony ACHINESE writer in The China Weekly Review (Sept. 1) tells in ONE of the greatest warriors and detail of what this much debated Gen- statesmen of the last century in eral has done within the past year for China was Marquis Tseng. His the province over which he has ruled. daughter was permitted by him to de- More than 200 miles of motor roads cide whether she would become a have been built or improved; public Christian only after a thorough study parks have been laid out in Kaifimg of the question by her and his ap- and Cheng-chow-partly in order to proval of her findings. It led to ~er do away with gambling and prostituconversion and later to the foundmg tion-the latter city's park having a of what is now The Girls' College at public playground, public library and Changsha, of which she is the devoted people's school; houses for the poor head. In an article by her upon "The have been erected, one of them a vast Changed Women of China and Their building with 6,000 rooms which is Need of Christ," found in the Church already partly completed; commerce Overseas for October, is this brief ex- has been greatly furthered by dredgcerpt as to the changed outlook on life: ing and reopening the Chia Lu River; and the opening of schools for The women are beginning to realize farmers who constitute two-thirds of that they have in them individual per- the population has been undertaken. sonalities which need developing, and vo- These schools are making education cations in life which must be worked democratic and are imparting a out. The seeking of freedom, for self- knowledge of mathematics, music, the expression, self-development and self-as-

National language, as well as prac- trustees in one respect. Regardless of tical subjects. Fimg's eulogist says: the relative merits of the required and "He loves people and people love him. It is this mutual love which leads him voluntary system of religious instruction, to administer, and to administer suc- cessfully and satisfactorily . . .. He :we ha,:,e felt that since missionary effort disciplines his troops well, so well that he is often regarded by them as their m Chma was for the time being so father. So without any remuneration closelx ~ssociated with the unequal but only with a bit of bare bread, they treatles, It would be better to yield to the stick to him very closely and faithfully." In social ways he is also a demands of the Central Government at benefactor, through farmer and labor movement committees, turning bandit least for the time being, in order to help lairs into model districts, erecting so- heal ~he wound that is in the popular cial halls for laborers and for farmers. Thus he illustrates his private motto, conSCIOusness and to accept limited op- "Not to be ministered unto, but to minister." portunities of service, rather than to close down our work. Papal Missionaries and Nationalists Upon "the Roof of the World" "CCORDING to the Kuo Wen news ABIT of cheering news comes from .tl. agency, a high Peking ecclesiastic the Moravian field in Lesser Tibet. Walter Aboe writes: has received a cable from the Pope giving instructions that, since a great "The Mission here is fortunate in part of China's unequal treaties with receiving the sympathy and support Foreign Powers has to do with re- of the Commissioners who are apligion and churches, he wishes all the pointed to administer this district. members of the Roman Catholic This support is of the highest im- Church to give up their rights as de- portance as it conduces to friendly rived from these unequal treaties and cooperation in the best interests of the obey the Nationalist Government in people. The impact of Christianity is China. He thus agrees in this posi- having its effect on their general outtion with Protestant leaders of many look on life. The blind adherence societies. upon Lamaistic dogma is being re- placed by a mood of inquiry as to the Hangchow College Closed reasonableness or otherwise of the doctrine and superstitions which MISSIONARY colleges in China hitherto were accepted without ques- are in extreme anxiety, anent the tion. The task of making Christ government requirements as to their known to these demon-tormented hillreligious status, if they are to con- men is desperately hard, but in spite tinue. In the North China Herald of of failure and defeat we press on to July 14th is a statement by President ultimate victory." Fitch which shows the position of the men primarily responsible to the Chi- In Peril in Tibet nese for the college. The trustees, however, decided against the Govern- I N THE Australian Christian World ment requirements and the college was we read the following account of a closed. While stating to the Chinese perilous homegoing from China: public the strong reasons beneath the trustee's decision, he adds the follow- "A China Inland Missionary, Mr. ing: J. T. Mathewson, in company with a The Field Board of Directors, the faculty and myself, have concurred in hold- German and an American, made a tening an opinion contrary to that of the months' trip, full of peril, from Kansu Province in China to Kashmir, in safety. These mbeehnealidviendg,asfaTceibdetsatanrs~ barely escaped vation and robbers, and by the help of Mohammedans, and Mongols, Tibetans and British, got through, and Mr.

Mathewson is in Melbourne, after be- ing reported dead in August last year. "In perils oft" is quite a Paul- ine experience.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN AND KOREA wisdom and power to the poor. To this we witnessed with all our might. Tokyo Y. M. C. A. "In time the meeting in the empty I N J APAN the Association was re- lot became one in a tent, one in a cently thrown into a position of the hired house, and now we possess utmost importance by the Premier's rented land and a sizable building. appeal to all classes of people to unite Now we can proclaim the gospel freely in guarding the youth of the nation and peaceably. Last June we held the from contamination. He appeals espe- fifth anniversary of our settling. We cially to religious bodies to assist in believe that Christ has commanded us the building of character in the young. to labor until these 7,500 poor friends Recently Prince Chichibu, heir to the of ours have decent homes and live throne, paid the Tokyo Association the without fear of hunger, and until honor of a visit of several hours. they all desire to come to our Lord, New "Y" buildings have been erected and dying to sin, live in Him to in Osaka and Yokohama, while the righteousness." Tokyo building, toward which the citizens of Tokyo have already con- Chinese in Korea tributed $300,000, when completed, will be the finest plant in any Oriental I AST Spring an evangelistic camcity. L paign among immigrants from Suzuki in Tokyo SluUls China was undertaken by a few mis- sionaries and Chinese associates. THIS worker began years ago in the Some eighteen Korean cities and slums of a factory district near towns were visited for from one day Tokyo, inhabited by some 80,000 to a week or more. The Chinese were workers. Here are some of the things mostly from Shantung Province. he says about it: Koreans had been praying for this campaign and they willingly offered "At night we gathered together in the evangelists the use of their an empty lot the poor children, and churches. In practically every place told them stories to interest them the Chinese were responsive; they atbased upon the Bible, and so tried to tended the meetings and willingly reteach them the meaning of a straight ceived tracts and in several cities a life. After the children's meeting, we number of those interested in Christaught the Gospel of the true God to tianity gave their names. In Fusan the young people. We taught them a building has been rented and a memthat religion is not the possession ber of the party was left to conserve solely of those blessed with leisure the results. The reflex blessing reand money who wear fine clothes and ceived is thus described in part: live in grand houses and have ample "The evangelistic trip was unique in time to attend church and means to that it was not only a time of preachgive alms and do works of charity; ing the Gospel, but also a time of rebut that poor people, like ourselves, ceiving a blessing through contact who need much time to earn a living with the Korean churches. It was an and have to make a real sacrifice to go inspiration to see those huge Korean to church, who know what want is in congregations who, out of poverty maintaining themselves and their which seems to be as dire as that of families and cannot give money to the the poorer Chinese, build their own Church as they desire–that such as churches and pay the salaries of their we can find comfort and strength and own pastors. Once a year or oftener, light in 'religious faith. We taught, more than half the membership come above all, that Christ who dwells with together in smaller or larger groups God in the highest had for our sakes at their own expense to be instructed lived the poorest life, and that He in the Word of God-this at least bewaits to give peace without stint and ing true in Northern Korea."

Evangelism and Revival of school.) Ere long the inside space was full and every window and the THE Korean Christian community door were filled to overflowing with today numbers over three hundred grown-ups looking in. The singing thousand, a much larger proportion was 'fearfully and wonderfully' done, than in China, Japan or India. But but it all had a redeeming featurethe work of evangelization is pro- 'it was enjoyed by all.''' And here gressing and over one million copies was what their teacher said of the of scripture portions are being sold work: "What a great responsibility annually in Korea. There have al- and privilege has been mine, in leadready been distributed enough copies ing those children to Christ. I decided of the Word of God to supply one to first of all that they should see Christ every man, woman and child of the in me. A hard thing, of course, to do, eighteen million Koreans. but thank God through Christ, for His grace to overcome." Rev. M. B. Stokes, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, writes that Filipino Lepers' Generosity this year has been marked by a new religious revival. The Korean Chris- OUR Government is doing much for tians themselves are conducting the the unfortunates of the Culion evangelistic campaigns and as a result Leper Colony, and is being ably secinterest has greatly increased. The onded by missionaries. One of them spirit of prayer is especially marked. says of the lepers, that there never Power from God is working among was a more generous people, according the people. At Yandukwon, the Chris- to their means, than members of the tians fasted and prayed for seven Leper Church. Aside from paying a weeks before the special services and janitor, a deaconess, furnishing every spent one whole night in prayer. Be- deceased member with a simple coffin fore the first service the people spent and procuring items of special diet three hours confessing their sins and for the sick, they sent $25 to the asking forgiveness. The evidence of American Bible Society, a like gift to the power of the Holy Spirit coming the American Leper Association after on the Christians was their eagerness they had heard of poor unfortunate to win others to Christ. They went leper outcasts in other lands whom no to every house in the village and the one had as yet cared for, and $10 for movement spread. – Church Miggion- the Manila Union Theological Semary Gleaner. inary. It is also their custom not to let a cured member go away without a ISLANDS OF THE SEA few dollars in his or her pocket; and special prayer is offered for them that Vacation Bible Schools in Manila God will keep them and open a way for them in the world outside the colony. HERE is a snap-shot of one of them. "A regular slum district it Australian Methodist Missions was. Half an hour before class time the children were there. And such an THE Methodist Missionary Society array! Clean children and dirty chil- of Australia report, for 1927, their dren, neat children and ragged chil- missionary force as 37, with 12 lay dren, big children and little children, missionaries and 35 missionary sisters children clothed and children with who have oversight over and partici- 'never a stitch' on, but children all, pate personally in work in the South waiting for their teacher. When he Sea Islands, India and Nortlrern Ausarrived, the fifty or sixty children tralia, and includes day schools, workflocked inside, the cleaner, better shops, technical schools, agriculture in dressed children on the front benches, actual practice, as well as the care of the others shyly filling up the space 1,141 churches and over 580 other behind. (Even that told its storythe effect, already, of the two weeks

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

preaching places. Church members in hastening the Kingdom of Heaven.

number 37,075, with 28,025 catechu- A greater knowledge of their prob- mens. Attendants at public worship lems on our part; a keener sympathy number 159,833. Surely this rela- and interest in their trials and hopes; tively small force cannot be idle. removing the shock arising from our directing charity directly toward them MISCELLANEOUS by showing our reasons for so doing, Religious Peace Conference and thus causing them to understand the impulse leading them to a genuine DURING the latter part of Sep- Christian life – these are possible tember, 124 members of many re- steps toward the true help of our Jewligions assembled at Geneva to plan ish brothers that have been suggested. for a Universal Religious Peace Con- ference in 1930. There were Hindus, Buddhists, Confucianists, Parsees, Bible Society's Output F Jews, Christians, J ains, Shintoists, OR the first time in its history the American Bible Society has issued Zoroastrians and others in the group; more Bibles and portions than the yet they acted together with a re- British and Foreign Bible Society, markable sense of unity, and voted foremost in the number issued per unanimously to proceed with their plan. annum. During the last year they Three main questions will come be- published 10,034,797 volumes, whereas fore this Conference: (1) What is the British Society up to March 31, each religious group doing in peace 1928, had issued 9,936,714 volumes. education and promotion 7 (2) What Its Annual Report, recently published, can each religious group learn from has been very favorably noted by misthe methods of other groups 7 (3) How can all the religious groups co- sionary secretaries and others.

operate in creating international good will, and how could they act unitedly COMING EVENTS in face of an actual war crisis? UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL, Ro- chester, N. Y.•……•…… Dec. 3-4 Trhe Jews and Jesus FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES, QUADRENNIAL MEETING, Rochester CONSIDERABLE influence favor- N. Y•……•.•••…..•… Dec. 5-12 ing Jesus is being exerted by Dr. Klausner's Jesus of Nazareth, first NATIONAL INTERRACIAL CONFERENCE, published in 1923. Coming from as full-blooded Judaism as anywhere Washington, D. C••..•..•• Dec. 16-19 COUNCIL OF CHURCH BOARDS OF EDU- CATION, Chattanooga, Tenn…. Jan. 6-8 HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL, Atlantic exists, and though not an approach to City, N. J …………•..•• Jan. 8-10 Christianity, it is read widely by CONFERENCE OF THE CAUSE AND CURE Jews, three editions of the Hebrew original having been exhausted. It OF WAR, Washington, D. C.. Jan. 14-18 FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Detroit .. Jan. 15-18 probably has had a wider circulation than any volume of equal size in mod- PERSONALS ern Hebrew. An English translation DR. SAMUEL K. HUTTON, of Poole, Dorhas been sold extensively among set, England, has been made secretary of the oldest Protestant missionary society, American Hebrews, and French and that of the Moravian Churches. He was German translations are being pre- born at Kilkeel, County Down, Ireland, pared. in 1877, the son of the Rev. Robert Hut- ton. He took his medical degrees to With this attitude of intelligent qualify as a medical missionary, and in Jewry favoring an increase of knowl- i9()2 took charge of the Okak Mission edge of the historical life of Jesus, Hospital on the Labrador coast where with its wondrous teaching and power, he remained until 1913. He is the author our problem is how to convince the of two books on life in Labrador-"By Eskimo Dog Sled and Kayak," and Jew that adherence and allegiance to "Health Conditions and Disease Inthe Person of Jesus are essential steps cidence among the Eskimos of Labrador."

DR. JOHN R. MOTT, having retired have attained passed away on Aug. 18, from the General Secretaryship of the 1928, in Raga;z, Switzerland. He was a American Christian Association, begins member of the World's Committee of the his duties as representing the Jerusalem Y. M. C. A. from 1913-26 and its Vice- Conference and the International Mis- President from 1920-26. sionary Council, by making a journey through Europe, India, Burma, Ceylon, .. .. * Siam and the Philippines, China, Korea and Japan. His object is through con- J. M. PATTERSON, LL.D., until October ferences to aid in the coordination of 1st, a Secretary of the Presbyterian missionary operations in all fields. He Board of Foreign Missions, with headis accompanied by Mrs. Mott, his daugh- quarters in St. Louis, died on Sunday, ter Eleanor, and his secretary. October 28th, at De Queen, Ark., after a long illness. At the time of the union *** of the Presbyterian U. S. A. and Cum- berland Presbyterian Churches in 1907, THE REV. ARTHUR E. HARPER, princi- Dr. Patterson, then a Secretary of the pal of Moga Training School, has been Cumberland Board of Home Missions, granted the Kaisar-i-Hind medal, by the was called to the work for the Foreign British Government, for his work for Board. village teachers in India. Mrs. William H. Wiser of Mainpuri, another American * * .. Presbyterian Missionary also received the same honor because of social service SAMUEL RHEA GAMMON, who died on last Fourth of July, was one of the mis- …. work among village Christians. sionary statesmen of the· Southern Pres- byterian Chureh. Born in Virginia in CHARLES A. GUNN, of the Presby- 1865, graduating from King College and terian Architects bureau in China, and at Union Theological Seminary, Hamp- Sam Dean of the Truth Hall School of den-Sidney, Va., he went to Brazil in Engineering Practice, Peiping (Peking), 1889, his station being Campinas, in the were recently awarded Second prize of State of Sao Paulo. In 1891, owing to $2,000 for designs and plans for a new yellow fever ravages fatal to some of the building for the Metropolitan Library of missionaries, he went to Lavras, where that city. The Library was made pos- he and his devoted wife built up what is sible by America's remission to China of now Gammon Institute–a school with further payments of the Boxer indem- the finest property in the State, and nity. housing over 500 students taught by a staff of over forty teachers. *** When Dr. Gammon was buried all the THE REV. R. M. HOPKINS, D.D., who business houses of Lavras closed their has been engaged in religious education doors, as did all the' schools of the city, since 1900, and since 1922 has been including the College of Our Lady of Chairman of the Council of Religious Lourdes. Even the movies and a passing Education, is now the General Secretary circus had no shows that day. of the North American Section of the World's Sunday School Association. As .. .. * Vice Chairman of the Program Committee of the recent Los Angeles Con- DR. C. A. R. JANVIER, principal of the vention he exhibited qualities that Ewing Christian College at Allahabad, commended him to delegates to that died in India on Saturday, November Convention which it may be, had an at- 3rd as a result of injuries received from tendance of 7,600. Its statistics show an a fall. He was the son of a Presbyterian enrollment of 32,677,611 in the Protest- missionary, Levi Janvier, and was born in Abington, Pa., sixty-eight years ago. . .. .. ant Sunday Schools of the world. He was graduated from Princeton Col- lege in 1880 and from the Theological DR. AND MRS. S. M. ZWEMER, in their Seminary in 1884. He sailed for India in recent tour of India in the interest of 1887 and after fourteen years returned Moslems, report that they visited 24 to America and became pastor of the cities, met 19 study groups in which 704 Holland Memorial Presbyterian Church, persons were enrolled, gave 353 lectures Philadelphia. In 1913 he returned to and addresses, and traveled 8,900 miles India to take the presidency of Ewing by rail or motor. Christian College. At one time he was editor of the Indian Standard and of the OBITUARY Christian Treasury, a vernacular paper, and was the author of several historical FRANK THOMAS who for more than missionary volumes. For his distinthirty years had exercised a width of in- guished work as an educator Dr. Janvier fluence through his sermons that few received the Kaiser-i-Hind medal from the Indian Government.

WOIUH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Our Asiatic Christ. Oscar MacMillan deals with the implications of this at- Buck. 181 pp. $1.25. New York. tractiveness. The author presents cer- 1927. tain characteristic principles funda- mental to the religious life of India This is an appealing book. The and discloses how perfectly Jesus typistyle, born of the fact that the chap- fies these principles and how more and ters were first prepared as lectures, more non-Christian Indians are usadds to the force of the appeal. The ing Him as their ideal personified. author writes from the standpoint of These implications, or ideas, are conone who loves India as the land of his tained in the well-known Indian birth and boyhood and profession. It words: "Ahimsa" – negatively, the deals with a country which, with the principle of non-violence, postively, the rich heritage of the past, faces con- principle of active beneficence; the fusedly the new day. It deals with a concept of "Yoga"-the inner dis- Christ, who, Principal Fairbairn de- cipline of life leading to the high purclared, is "the only Oriental that the pose of service and sacrifice; the idea Occident has admired with an admira- of "Jivanmukta"-the realization of tion that has become worship, and the God in this life, and the final concept only name the West has carried into of "Ananda"-the blessedness of spirthe East which the East has received itual union with the Divine. Of all and praised and loved with sincerity these Jesus is the perfect fulfilment. and without qualification." A sense of proprietorship is one of the most The author realizes that this acceptinteresting phases of the shifting at- ance of Jesus by the East does not intitude toward Jesus that is now ap- volve the acceptance of Christianity. parent among non-Christian educated To the Indian claim that Christ will Indians. The author quotes with ap- shine alongside the great teachers of proval the statement that religious India, not dimming their light; that thought among educated Indians to- the stars and the moon get along well day is dominated by the personality together, the author replies, "There is of Christ; that among educated the heart of the whole thing. How Hindus hostility to Jesus Christ is a bright is the Christ? Is it the moonthing all but unknown. To the Chris- rise or the sunrise in India? If Jesus tian teacher it is a new experience, a is but reflected light, then Hinduism thing full both of awe and of inspira- will surely hold Him in their sky and tion, to stand before his class of Hin?u He will be added to the many. If He students and know that between hlm is the Lord of the Day, then it is inand them reverence for Christ is deed the dawn and the inevitable palcommon ground. The public press of ing of the stars. It all depends upon India today teems with manifestation the vitality of the Christ; a light in of this changing attitude. the world, or the Light of the World."

To students of religion in that most W. I. C. religious of countries this book will prove very interesting. In the first Gentlemen-The King. John Oxenham. chapter the attractiveness of Jesus to 96 pp. lIlus. $0.75. Boston. 1928.

the new intelligentsia of India is pre- This little volume, scarcely larger sented. The remainder of the book than a vest-pocket edition, is yet an 6 1025

almost complete Life of Christ. Writ- materials for missionary study are ten in simple, unaffected blank verse, the message of each chapter is, at its not in this book or any other book, end, crystallized for the reader in a lyrical gem of great beauty and im- but all about us-yet he makes his portant truth. In the twelve short volume very challenging. chapters the Master walks with all His divine and human traits unfolding, Of course the most important data through boyhood and youth, with their natural games and pleasures, into the for Home Missions is to be discovered sterner years of The Day's Work. We in community situations which are see Him tested and tried "as you and near by, and with which we grapple I at times are sorely tried" and "as you and I have never yet been tried." at first hand. The problem of the We travel with Him through the "tiresome years," sharing the road with country church brings up the question Him "through good and evil weather." We share, too, His anguish as He of a tragicly changing civilization. A faces the foe and storms the heights that lead to Calvary, until we see Him, visit to the home of a Polish mill Broken-but not Beaten, at the Cross- worker in a textile factory in Passaic, ways. No passage in the little volume is more exquisite in its lyrical beauty, New Jersey, will heat the mind with more tender in its spiritual appeal than the verse which concludes "The burning questions concerning the so- Cross at the Crossways": cial order. The great underlying issue "To every man there openeth in this and a dozen other problems is: A Way, and Ways, and a Way, And the High Soul climbs the High Way, How Christian is our Civilization? And the Low Soul gropes the Low, And in between on the misty fiats, Because Home Missions is chang- The rest drift to and fro. ing there is the opportunity to point But to every man there openeth A High Way and a Low, out a new way of living and of deal- And every man decideth The Way his soul shall go." ing with these vexing issues. This the author does in his suggestive The story ends with The Crowning chapters on Learning to Live To- Wonder of the Resurrection, reversing the judgment of the Cross, and the gether; The Dominance of the City; triumphant Paean, "He is Risen," Undergirding Democracy; ANew drowns forevermore the sad Dirge of Calvary. Crusade. The general conclusion is that the function of the Church is to John Oxenham is known to the extend the Gospel of Christ in all its American public through his other books and "Gentlemen – The King" fulness, and the service of Christ in should meet with an enthusiastic reception from all who love deeply de- all its implications. This dynamic votional and inspiring verse. program is outlined in these new and M. E. A. C. arresting chapters from the trenchant What Next in National Missions! Wil- liam P. Shriver. 238 pp. 60 cents pen of Dr. Shriver. This is a book paper, $1 cloth. New York. 1928. to grip the mind and capture the There is life in this book. It makes stimulating reading. Although the heart. J. F. RIGGS. author claims that the most fruitful China Year :Sook-1928. Edited by H. G. W. Woodhead, C.B.E.. 1,447 pp. Price, $12.50. Chicago. 1928.

Each year this compendium of in- formation on China becomes more comprehensive and more indispen- sable. China is not only great in it- self but is becoming increasingly great in its influence on the life of the world. Every phase of China's life today concerns the Christian who has made the World Mission of Christian- ity his own. If our missionary forces twenty years ago could afford to ig- nore large areas of China's life and thought while they gave themselves with singular devotion to the simple

BOOKS WORTH READING

task of acquainting individuals with more disinterested and detached pres- Jesus Christ, such concentration of entation by the Chinese themselves, interest cannot be commended now. rather than by some foreigner, would Christ must not only become the pos- increase the value of many sections session of individual Chinese, chang- of the book. ing their life and thought, but He must become influential and dominant Of considerable importance is the in every activity and relationship, chapter on "Who's Who" in China economic, social and political. For which is a series of Chinese biogthis reason one welcomes the China raphies. This Year Book should be Year Book because it offers that en- useful to every student of China and cyclopedic information which every to every missionary administrator. statesman of Christ's Kingdom needs. M. T. STAUFFER. To produce this comprehensive and reliable work of reference must have Ro.ds to the City of God. Basil Mathews. been a herculean task beset with ex- 12 mo. 117 pp. $1. New York. 1928. treme difficulties at this time. Notwithstanding, the work, as a whole, This popular story of the recent reaches the high standard set by pre- Jerusalem missionary conference previous volumes. cedes the larger reports just now from the press. This brief interpre- The "General Information" of the tation of the spirit, ideals and achievefirst chapter presents the geograph- ments of the conference offers spirical, geological and climatic conditions itual stimulus and encouragement to of the country, then proceeds to the Christians the world over. The Lord languages of the people and to the Jesus Christ, His message and work, people themselves. Following are were magnified at Jerusalem and new chapters on mines and minerals, rev- missionary methods to meet changed enue and trade statistics, public conditions were advocated without health and medical events, river con- change in principle or goal and with servancy, currency, communications, loyalty to His teachings recorded in railways and roads, posts and tele- the New Testament. This report graphs, etc. The outlying districts of shows how disciples of every race and China proper are given special treat- nation are united and their equality ment in Chapter IX and are par- in the Church of Christ is recognized. ticularly valuable because of the summary there given of recent develop- The Korea Mission Yearbook. Edited by ments, political and commercial. In F. E. C. Williams, Gerald Bonwick the light of our present interest in and M. L. Swinehart. Maps and staextra-territoriality, the registration tistics. 12 mo. 238 pp. Christian of mission schools and the unequal Literature Society, Seoul, Korea. 1928. treaties, one welcomes chapters on Public Justice, Education, Treaty Re- Korea Missionary information has vision, Concessions. The industrial formerly appeared in the Japanese condition of the country is adequately annual volume; this is the first year portrayed in four or five chapters on book devoted wholly to Korea. It is Shipping, Labor, Finance, Trade and well done but lacks some useful infor- Commerce. mation for reference, such as an in- dex, and an alphabetical list of mis- Over one hundred pages are given sions, stations and missionaries. The to the Nationalist Movement and to first one hundred and thirty pages problems arising out of recent political takes up the work by denominations changes. Unfortunately, the editor's rather than by sections or stations inability to conceal his own intense and the last one hundred pages is defeelings on the recent political de- voted to articles on independent or velopments undermines one's confi- union institutions. This first annual dence in the interpretations given. A will be especially useful to workers on the field.

Africa Today. Mary A. Jefferys. Pam- In the African Bush. Jewell H. Schwab. phlet. 63 pp. New Yark. 1928. Maps. 12 mo. 130 pp. 75c- New York. 1928. These suggestions for leaders of young people's mission study groups In her stories of Africa for junior are very valuable, practical helps in boys and girls, Mrs. Schwab has given organization, worship, study and dis- valuable material with which to incussion and activities. terest children in their black brothers and sisters across the sea. In the sec- Life on the Highest Plane. Ruth Paxson. ond part of the book she suggests how Three volumes. 8 vo. $2.50 per vol- to use this material in ten programs. ume. New York. 1928. All who study these pages will be in- structed, and many will be deeply in- These are unusually clear, compre- terested by the intimate pictures of hensive and spiritually instructive village and mission life. Teachers will Bible studies of God's plan of redemp- be helped by the very practical sugtion for mankind. Miss Paxson has gestions for study. been a missionary in China for seventeen years and has been especially NEW BOOKS blessed in her Bible classes for missionaries and Chinese Christians. She Law or War. Lucia Ames Mead. 288 draws all of her authority for her pp. $1.75. Doubleday, Doran & Co. teaching from the Bible as the Word New York. 1928. of God. Anyone who follows through these studies conscientiously and Madness of War. Harold S. Brewster. prayerfully should emerge an intelli- 261 pp. $2. Harper & Bros. New gent, strong, spiritually-minded Chris- York. 1928. tian. Silver Slippers. Temple Bailey. 360 pp. In her first volume Miss Paxson $2. Penn Pub. Co. Phila. 1928. studies Man as he was created, and as he came under the dominion of sin. Shadow and Substance. George W. Need- She presents Christ as He undertook, ham. 199 pp. $1.25. Bible Institute by His incarnation and atoning work, Colportage Assn. Chicago. 1928. to free man from the power and penalty of sin and to bring him into the Short Papers on Church History. Audrew enjoyment of God's Life of Victory. Miller, 2 vols. 78. 6d. each. Picker- ing & Inglis. London. 1928. The second volume studies the Christian-the believer in Christ and "Under Frozen Stars. George March. 302 in whom Christ dwells. Here she pp. $2. Penn Pub. Co. New York. shows the way of victory over sin and 1928. the results of the sanctified, Spiritfilled life. Walking with God. Harvey Farmer. 32 pp. 25c. Bible Institute Colportage The third volume describes the ef- Assn. Chicago. 1928. fect of the Holy Spirit, cleansing, filling, controlling and empowering the Annual Report of Seoul Station-1928. believer. 15 pp. Y. M. C. A. Press, Seoul, 1928.

Fourteen diagrams help to present American Baptist Foreign Mission Society these truths to the eye. We know of Report-1928. 284 pp. New York. no better stUdies to form the basis for 1928. Bible class work or sermons on this most important of all subjects. Miss Baptist Missionary SOCiety Report-1928. Paxson's wide reading, prayerful 197 pp. London. 1928. study and rich experience are made available to many who can here de- American Baptist Home Missionary Sorive benefit from them. ciety Report-1928. 184 pp. New York. 1928.

Anti-Saloon League Year Book-1928. Compiled and edited by E. H. Cher- rington. 224 pp. 75c paper, $1.15 cloth. Anti-Saloon League of Amer- ica. Westerville, O. 1928.

Year Book of Missions-American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sions. 68 pp. 35c. Boston. 1928. (Conoluded on third cover.)