The Missionary Review of the World — June 1934

1934

WHO ARE THE ORIENTALS? ……….. . Albert W. Palmer ORIENTAL STUDENTS IN AMERICA ….. Charles D. Hurrey IS AMERICA'S INFLUENCE CHRISTIAN? .. Arthur D. Young HOW SOME ORIENTALS WORSHIP ….. Florence C. Evemeyer IN CHRIST NO EAST OR WEST …………. Allan A. Hunter INTERRACIAL UNDERSTANDING …… CharlesR. Shepherd A NEW DEAL FOR ORIENTALS …………… Pardee Lowe GEl CHUCK, THE CHINESE COOK ……….. Philip F. Payne OUR OPPORTUNITY IN AMERICA ……… Virginia Kadoike THE SECOND GENERATION JAPANESE .. Frank Herron Smith EAST INDIANS IN UNITED STATES …. Theodore Fieldbrave THE FILIPINOS IN AMERICA ……………. Jose G. Deseo THE CHINATOWN CHALLENGE ……………. Edwar Lee STORY OF A CHINESE IMMIGRANT …… Theodore F. Savage

to Remember JUST OFF THE PRESS accepted an invitation from the

Dominion Movement, London, to give June 7-12-General Synod, Reformed The Other Half of Japan addresses at the Mildmay Conference Church in America. Grand RapidS, on World Evangelization, June 12th- Mich. (A Rural Perspective) 19th and will return early in July. He expects to sail from New York on June 20-27-General Assembly, Unit- By Edward M. Clark, B.D., Ph.D. June 1st and his address while abroad ed Presbyterian Church. Oxford, O. will be: Care of Founder's Lodge, Professor of New Testament Exegesis and Mildmay Conference Centre, London, June 20-27-Summer School of Mis- Rural Evangelistic Problems in the N.l. sions, Winona Lake, Indiana. Chua Theological Seminary, Kobe, Japan *** June 21-27-General Council of the Congregational and C h r i s t ian DR. BUTTERFIELD says, "I unhesi- Carlton M. Sherwood, for fifteen Churches. Oberlin, O. tatingly commend this book to every years associated with the Internation- pastor, to every church official charged al Society of Christian Endeavor, and June 26-27-Union of Reformed with administering or encouraging Chris- Editor of The Christian Endeavor Church in the U. S. and the Evan- tian relationships between East and World, resigned March 31st. gelical Synod of N. A. Cleveland, West, to every Christian layman who Ohio. gives thought to the future of the Chris- *** tian enterprise as a world force. The July S-Aug. 12-Winona School of book should be studied and Its program President Herman C. E. Liu of the Theology, Winona Lake, Ind. considered both in Japan and in Amer- University of Shanghai started on his ica." return to China on February 17. All July 20-25-World's Woman's Chris- over the land President Liu told what tian Temperance Union Convention, CONTENTS Christianity has done for China, and Stockholm. his lectures, coming from a cultured PART I. The Problem Stated Chinese, carried conviction with them. July 30-Sept. 8-Summer Seminar on PART II. The Farmer's Gospel School Education and Culture Contacts. P ART III. *** Dept. of Educati()n, Yale Univer- PART IV. (A Step Forward) sity, New Haven, Conn. PART V. The Community Parish Rev. Willis R. Hotchkiss is now re- turning to his field in Kenya, Africa. August 4-10-Baptist World Congress. (The Ideal Unit) This district, of which he was one of Berlin. An Adequate Leadership the discoverers, has changed from a jungle to one of the most productive August 21-24-Tenth National c<>n- (Tbe Actualizing Force) tea areas in the world. Its capital, vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, A United Campaign Nairobi, has 50,000 inhabitants, 20,000 Evangelical Synod of N. A. Mil- of whom are English settlers, and all waukee, Wis. (Getting Under the Load) modern conveniences, including a rail- road and weekly air service from Lon- August 21-26-General Conference, Price. Cloth $1.50 don. Seventh Day Baptist Churches. Salem, W. Va. THE EVANGELICAL PRESS •*• September 4-9 – National Baptist Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Dr. Karl Barth, Swiss theologian, c<>nvention. Oklahoma City, Okla. and professor in the University of Personal Items Bonn, Germany, has been dismissed September 12-21- United Church of from his chair because of his criticism Canada, General Conference, Kings- Mr. John T.Manson, of New Haven, of the Nazi policy which would make ton, Ont., Canada. Connecticut, has been elected the 18th the Church an arm of the government. president of the American Bible So- He expects to visit America and to October 4-13 – General Conference ciety since its foundation in 1816. Mr. lecture here in the coming autumn. Evangelical Church. Akron, O. Manson is a layman of the Presby- terian Church, U. S. A., a director of ••• October 17-United Lutheran Church a number of business corporations in- in America. Savannah, Ga. cluding the Equtable Life Assurance Dr. O. R. Avison has retired from Society. the presidency of Chosen Christian December 4-7-Federal Council of College, Seoul, at the age of 74 and the Churches of Christ in America, The Rev. Ho*war*d S*mith, American Dr. Horace H. Underwood, a Presby- Biennial Meeting. Dayton, O. terian missionary, has been elected his missionary, of the American Chris- successor. WHICH? tian Alliance of Pengshui, Szechuan Province, was captured by Commu- ••* The Red OR The Red nists on May 10th. Miss Helen Clark, Blood a British missionary, was also seized, Dr. Sidney Gulick, Secretary of the Flag but is reported to have escaped. Federal Council's Department of In- ternational Justice and Goodwill, has Near one of our camps for children The Communist leader demands completed twenty-five eventful years who have learned 500 Bible verses a $100,000 in Chinese money from of service with the Federal Council, communistic camp for children was Chang Hsueh-liang for Mr. Smith's after having been a missionary in located. While our boys and girls release. The Reds occupied many were singing of the Blood that roads, endangering other missionaries. (Continued on page 257.) cleanses from sin these other children could be heard singing The Red Flag. E. Stanley J*one*s, *"ambassador of Sunday School One of these misguided boys said to one of our workers "You can keep Christ to the peoples of Asia," recent- Supplies your Jesus; we want the Red Flag." ly visited for three days Asbury Col- lege, at Wilmore, Ky., his alma mater .~!oou~ouo. FsPl,InlIueu/ Help us safeguard the children and that sent him out to India in 1907. /ti/eroQ#oqu/Ier.rMJ young people from this terrible sys- Of more than 1,200 graduates, forty ·forQ/! /JmumInq1iotJs tem by giving them the gospel. per cent have entered Christian serv- ice. Write for THE CANADIAN SUNDAY SCHOOL MISSION and &III Lomk.. BiQ., r ..Ilipc, Mo. Dr. Jones expects to spend a por- tion of each year in China conducting .(wor1cVn.g among8t the other- an intensive campaign among the edu- wise 'Ilnreach.ed in the roraJ cated classes to counteract the grow- diBtriots of We8tern OafKJ4n,j. ing menace of Marxian Communism.

FOR C'HILDREN At>."D YOUNG PEoPLE *** -Sunday Schools, Bible MemDry Contests, Camps, Bible Correspondence Mrs. Ella A. Boole has accepted Course, Summer Bible Schools. the presidency of the World's Wom- an's Christian Temperance Union. FOR ADULTs-Radio evangelism, She will give her time and energies public meetings, house tD house visits. now to promoting the temperance work around the world. We would appreciate It If you w!11 pray for us, write to us, give through *** us. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Prince- ton, editor of the Moslem World, has

MISSIONARY in our April issue (page 179), was If the

REVIEW OF THE WORLD written by Grace Noel Crowell. calls you East DELAVAN L. PmRsoN, Editor *** of Suez … sail VOL. LVII JUNE, 1934 No.6 Intelligent and large hearted read- ers occasionally write to encourage us Publication and Business Office by telling how much they enjoy and Third and Relly Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. value the REVIEW. Here are two re- cent letters: Editorial and Executive Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City "I wish to express appreciation for Entered as second-class matter at the splendid department that Mrs. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Aitchison is editing in THE REVIEW. of March 3, 1879. I wish that many more women were 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. subscribing for this magazine." Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. MISS LILLIAN C. GRAEFF, Wom- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. an's Missionary Somety of the Evangelical Church. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. "I have enjoyed the material in this magazine and have gotten so much BOARD OF DIRECTORS out of it for the missionary programs RoBERT E. SPEER, President for our Sabbath school that I can not WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President get along without it. I told our Sab- WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer bath School Board that I would be lost DELAVAN L. PmRSON, Secretary without it because of the real happen- SAMUEL MCCBEA CAVERT ings on the mission fields; the stories MBs. ORRIN R. JUDD are fine for relating to Sabbath school WM. B. LIPPHARD groups, and this material, if brought ERIC M. NORTH across in the right way, makes people MILTON T. STAUFFER missionary minded." A. L. W ARNSl1lJlS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER ANNA MILLER, West Aliquippa, Fa.

Editorial Chat Will you pass the good word along? THE ROUTE PREFERRED Here is our special-"The Orientals *** SINCE 18401 in America" number. You will find it informing, interesting, stimulating. The advertisements in the REVIEW Cross Cunard to England ••• Will you pass on word to others so are worth noting and may help to and emhark at London in a great that they too may send for copies and supply your need. We believe they are ship of this Line that traditionread them. The "Ways of Working" all reliable for we investigate before ally and for nearly a century has and Home Mission Bulletin contain accepting any advertisement. They carried the vanguard of the valuable material on the same topic. offer opportunities. Church eastward to all the lands Why should not every church and heyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of every missionary society have copies Personilitems transatlantic size and comfort, for distribution? Do not let this good stand for the Progress of the West feast lie untouched and become stale. (Continued from 2d cover.) in scores oftropic ports and teem- ing harhours of the Indian Ocean * * '" Japan under the American Board for and the Pacific. Natives measure 25 years. time hy their swift and sure As usual some of the best items on arrival. Low rates and new, fast, our "Bill of Oriental Fare" were * * '" luxurious ships make the voyage crowded out of this June number. an exceptional value. Those that did not come in time we Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, correexpect to use in July-One is by Don- sponding secretary of the Board of PENINSULAR aldina Cameron, the "Lo Mo" of San Foreign Missions of the Methodist AND ORIENTAL AND Francisco's Chinatown; another is by Episcopal Church, sailed April 7 for a Korean on the Koreans in America; an extended official tour in Central BRITISH INDIA STEAM there are also some interesting stories and South America. He plans to visit, NAVIGATION COMPANIES of work for Orientals. Watch for personally, every piece of work conthem. ducted by the Methodist Board in Regular sailings from London, these lands. Gihraltar and Marseilles to India, '" * * Ceylon, Burma, Straits Settle- (Concluded on page 320.) ments, China, Japan, Australia, Occasionally the REVIEW prints mis- New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, takes – and is caught. Sometimes AGENTS WA~TED Persian Gulf, East and Souih these errors are due to the "printer's Africa, etc. devil," at other times to the source THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can from which the news comes-period- be sold in quantities to every Mis- Complete information from icals, authors, letters; sometimes the Your Local Agent or Editor's "blind spot" is responsible. sionary Society. It furnishes infor- In our May number, page 218, ap- mation in brief, interesting form for t;UNARD~LINE peared the pictures of four American leaders and discussion groups. Why Board missionaries to India. They not act as our Agent in your church GENERAL AGENTS should be labeled (left to right) Wil- or community? You can advance the 25 Broadway New York liam W. Scudder (not John), and John cause of Foreign Missions, and at the E. Chandler, early Madura mission same time earn a liberal commission. workers; Samuel Fairbank and Allen Hazen, Marathi missionaries. We do Address-Circulation Manager, not place the blame for the error-it The Missionary Review o/the World. is enough to point out the correction. Third and Reily Streets, *** Harrisburg, Pa.

A reader informs us that the poem [257 ] "Then Let Us Pray," which appeared

AMERICAN CHRISTIANS WELCOME FOREIGN

INTERNATIONAL HOUSE, BERKELEY, (:ALIFORNIIA INTERNATIONAL HOUSE, CHICAGO, Il,LINOIS These International Houses are built by private philanthropy to bring American and Foreign students together under Christian auspices ORIENTALS IN AMERICA RESPOND TO CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES FIRST JAPANESE REFORMED CiHURCH, SAN FRANOISCIO, CALIFORNTAr-REV. SOHEl KOWATA, MINDSTER WHERE ORIENTAL STUDENTS LEARN THE CHRISTIAN WAY OF LIFE A YOUNG PEOPLE'S CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, 1983 REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1934 Topics of the Times THE SECRET OF PERMANENCE 000 out of a population of over 125,000,000 peo- On what do the permanence and power of Chris- ple (a little over two-tenths of one per cent), why tian missions depend? On institutions, or organizations, on strong continued financial support? should so much attention be given to this small Some missions and work are criticized on the ground that the results are not permanent because group of Asiatic races who have come here to earn they depend chiefly on preaching the Gospel and Bible teaching but establish no large schools or a living, to gain an education or to find a home? colleges, no well-equipped hospitals or large well- Christians are interested and every intelligent organized churches. Such institutions are good but in themselves they do not insure permanence. American citizen should be interested in these Any physical institution may be destroyed in a night or may be taken over by a hostile govern- Orientals-Why? ment. The secret of permanence is life. Good seed (the Word of God), planted (in prayer) and (1) Because they are fellow humans. They nurtured (by the Holy Spirit), until it takes root and bears fruit, is the best assurance that a work may not be of the same blood or general appearwill abide. This was the secret of the permanence and progress of the work of Christ and His ance as Occidentals but they are men and women apostles. The gates of death and all the opposing forces of the devil could not prevail against that ·aopf ptehtel.tesas,mwe ehaukmneasnsefsamanildy,pwosisthibisliimtieisla. r natures' work. Everything that God provides may be an asset but sometimes we have been tempted today (2) The fact that they are different in educato look upon physical equipment, large institutions, elaborate organization and financial tion, in habits and in ideas, makes them the more strength as an evidence of permanence, rather than on life, implanted, nurtured, spreading. Men interesting, and we can learn much' from them. can demolish institutions. They cannot destroy life-God given life. Since America is a "Melting Pot" of many races WHY THIS INTEREST IN ORIENTALS? and nationalities it behooves us to study the in- gredients and to learn how they can best be assim- ilated so as to make a strong nation.

(3) Because many of these Orientals are Amer- ican born and are therefore citizens of the United States with all the privileges and responsibilities of citizenship. They need to be understood, to have sympathy and fair treatment-which many of them do not experience.

(4) Because they may be either an asset or a liability in American life. If they learn to love their new home, and to sympathize with our high- est ideals and methods, they will bri nmgasytrbeencgotmh~· if they are alienated by abuse they dangerous and disturbing elements in society; or This number of THE REVIEW is devoted to the a source of weakness, as clay mixed with iron.

"Orientals in America," the topic which mission- (5) Because these Orientals who have come ary-minded groups in churches of all denomina- from China, Japan, Korea, India and the Philiptions are to study during the coming year. Half pines have influence in their home lands-our a dozen books on the same subject have been pub- neighbors across the Pacific. The most important lished at considerable expense by The Missionary events of the future will probably transpire Education Movement. Since the total number t>f around the Pacific Ocean and it behooves America Orientals in the United States is only about 275,- to cultivate friendly contacts with these nations.

[259 ]

Many Orientals and their children will return to also made to the Oaxtepec Rural Normal govern- their former homes and some of them will there ment school.

occupy positions of importance-in politics, in The most important meeting was one on education, in business and industry and in reli- education since a series of recent rulings by the gion. It is worth while to give them Christian Federal Department of Education had raised fun- opportunities and to make them friends. damental questions about the continuance of mis- (6) Because many Orientals in America have sion schools. The increasing tendency of the cen- come under such helpful influences that they have tral government to make education a monopoly either remained here to help America or they have of the State creates difficulties for every private returned home to bring blessing to their own peo- school. Some seem to detect a trend, under the ple and to the world. Among these are men and name of socialistic education, to impose material- women like Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan, Huie Kin istic and anti-religious instruction not only upon of China, Pandita Ramabai of India and hundreds the official schools but also upon private schools.

of others known and unknown to fame. A decided anti-religious tendency is noted in (7) Finally these Orientals, as strangers in a states like Tabasco which expresses itself in a strange land, need Christian friendship, teaching campaign against everything religious.

and influences; they are men and women with im- In view of the present situation, it is found mortal souls for whom Christ died and whom He necessary to establish a new line of action for included in His commission when He directed His evangelical educational work as soon as possible.

disciples to proclaim the Good News to all na- Instead of this meaning a curtailment of Chris- tions, by word and life. We have an obligation tian activities, a careful study of conditions to understand them, to love them, and to witness showed a large field of need completely open for to them of the abundant life that Christ has made such work. It was therefore decided to organize possible. and intensify four types of evangelical work.

For self-interest and for human interest, in 1. One line will be through Christian social acknowledgment of our debt to them and to Jesus centers, chiefly in rural districts, with an inten- Christ, in view of their achievements and their sive program of economic, social and cultural possibilities, there is good reason to study the improvement, good citizenship, education of the Orientals in America, to use the knowledge thus surrounding community, active evangelism and gained and to share with these people all the bless- religious training. The activities will include lec- ings we enjoy. tures, medical dispensary work, minor industries, domestic economy, hygiene, reading-rooms, teach- A CHALLENGING PROGRAM IN MEXICO* ing the care and education of children, coopera- At the invitation of the evangelical forces of tive production, religious studies, guidance in Mexico, representatives of most of the Protestant Christian service and training in the spiritual life. Mission Boards working in Mexico spent the week March 14-21 conferring both in union and in de- 2. Another type of service will be through stunominational gatherings with the Mexican Chris- dent hostels established in educational centers tian leaders in reference to the future of Chris- such as Mexico City and other state capitals. tian work, in view of the perplexing changes of Here students attending government schools can government regarding Christian schools and other be offered the surroundings of a Christian home with individual guidance in life problems. activities. Besides the educational conferences in Mexico 3. The program calls for the emphasizing of Christian literature. More anti-Christian litera- City, there were meetings of various groups in the ture is in circulation. Books, magazines and interests of union enterprises, including the Na- pamphlets should have a larger share in evangelitional Christian Council of Mexico, the Mexico cal work than ever before. Committee of the Committtee on Cooperation in Latin America, the Union Publishing House, the 4. One fundamental element in all phases of the Union Theological Seminary. A group visit was task is evangelical religious education. This can no longer be given in the school but it can and must be improved in the home and church. Chris- • The Mission Boards working in Mexico have been the first to tian education, in terms of life and character, must permeate-the entire evangelical program. carry out the suggestions of the last meeting of the Foreign Missions Conference, that secretaries unitedly should visit fields of work The Union Theological Seminary is also to be and consult with representative leaders of the national forces con- reorganized and relocated, emphasizing the decerning the new program of Christian service which Is demanded velopment of rural leadership and preparing min- isters for the anticipated government requirein these fields by neW conditions. ment that religious workers must do a certain The following board secretaries attended the Mexican conferences: amount of manual work. Dr. W. G. Cram and Miss S. L. MacKinnon of the Southern Method- 'ist Church, Dr. Thos. S. Donohugh of the Methodist Episcopal Church (north), Dr. John A. Mackay of the Northern Presbyterian Church, Miss Lela E. Taylor and Rev. Roy G. Ross of the Disciples, Dr. Robert M. Hopkins of the World's Sunday School Association, Samuel G. Inman of the Co=ittee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- Ica. The Congregationalists, Friends and Baptists were represented by specially appointed missionaries. S. G. I.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Evangelical missions must shift their programs economic and physical handicaps. Does the average since the Mexican Government is preparing to do white American citizen realize that the death rate among much of the educational and philanthropic work his red brothers is twice that among his own people?

for which the missions have carried responsibility. From tuberculosis alone, in one western state-Montana- Christian workers are now able to devote more a recent survey shows that the death rate of the Indian population over a six-year period (ending 1931) shows time to their primary spiritual work. They will twenty-seven times that of the white population of the be able to mingle with the new vigorous forces state, one county being excluded. . . .

that are transforming the life of the people and In economic conditions too, there has long been urgent need of saving action. In 1887, in an effort to reform the by friendly ministries will be able to bring the system pronounced "accursed," the Government instituted land allotment. The aim back of this was to reform the spiritual forces to bear on the social program and Indian by inCUlcating in him the white man's way of living. To that end the reservations were broken up from vast to show how Christ's teachings affect actual life tribal tracts into individually owned pieces, and the Indians were told to farm these pieces as the white man did and situations. to give up their old tribal habit of operating their land in common. This system, however sincerely it may have These are the merest outlines of a far-reaching been instituted, has .been a source of economic loss to the Indians which is rapidly bringing them to ruin. From its program. To one,who has been familiar with the beginning in 1887 to the present time, two-thirds of the Indian-owned property has passed to white ownership as a evangelical work for many years, it seems that result of the forcing on an inexperienced race the respon- sibilities for individual ownership and operation of propthere has never beel). worked out up to the present erty. . . . In ten tribes recently studied it was discovered that the average per capita income was no more than $47 time such a challenging Christian program and per year. What can be expected of a people so frightfully handicapped by poverty and disease? . . . Is not some never could Christian forces outside of Mexico be drastic measure of reform imperatively needed?

asked with more enthusiasm to help support this program. SAMUEL G. INMAN.

THE INDIAN PROBLEM TODAY The Wheeler-Howard Bill The American Indian is still a problem. So is The plan put forward in the Wheeler-Howarq Bill is the Negro, and the Oriental in America. Can we as follows: to repeal the land allotment laws whIch have omit from the list the migrant workers, mountain- made it not only possible but unavoidable in many cases eers, miners, slum dwellers, farmers, the idle rich, for the Indians to sell their lands at sacrificial prices; to youth, parents? They all present problems which set aside an appropriation of $2,000,000 a year to buy are unsolved because every individual represents back for the tribes, lands which they have lost; and, a problem until he is properly adjusted to life. since these lands are chiefly operable in large units such as forest and range tracts, to make it possible for Indians But the Indian is, in an especial sense, an Amer- now living on widely scattered allotments (no one of ican problem because his ancestors were original which in itself is sufficient to yield its owner a living) to tenants-much sinned against-and the descend- consolidate these scattered tracts into large contigUOUS ents have been considered the wards of the Na- areas; and last, to make available to the Indian owners tion-too often exploited. It seems unbelievable of such tracts modern credit facilities, such as are availthat after four hundred years of contact with sup- able to white business men, and to supply them with techposedly superior white civilization, and after a nical advice in matters of administration and operation. century and a half of Governmental supervision and missionary influence, the Indian is still to so However, reform cannot rest entirely on economic prolarge an extent uncivilized, uneducated, and unad- visions. It requires also attention to the human side of justed to modern life. the Indian situation. How can reform be put into effect when the Indians themselves have no voice in the man- The Hon. John Collier, U. S. Commiesioner of agement of their affairs, no hand in the management of Indian Affairs, is endeavoring to correct some of their own money, no voice in determining what local conthe evils that hinder Indian progress, and to this ditions shaH,. be as to the health and education of their end is sponsoring the Wheeler-Howard Bill now children, no ~ght even to assemble, no normal human repending in Congress. This bill (as described in sponsibilities in fact? . . . our April number) is the subject of considerable debate and difference of opinion among statesmen, The Wheeler-Howard Bill offers the Indians the oppormissionaries and Indians. It may have an im- tunities so long denied them to function as citizens. It portant bearing on the future of the Indian for it will give to those Indians who so desire the right to organincludes plans for promoting community life on ize municipal self-government under certaill provisions reservations, with self-government and protec- of Government supervision. It will aiIlli at instructing the tion. It is confessedly an experiment to do away Indian as to the best civic and moral methods to employ' with the evils of the "allotment system" and ex- in operating these municipalities, and it is hoped that, ploitation by greedy white men. Mr. Collier says, with the years, they may become capable of functioning in in a letter to the editor: our Government as independently as white men do. . . .

On coming into office the administration was faced The Wheeler-Howard Bill does not, as has been with the most serious of all human problems-the disin- charged, attempt to "segregate" the Indians in any way tegration of a people, morally and spiritually, through whatsoever. It does not take any land away from any group or individual to give it to landless groups and in- dividuals. It does not in any way cut the Indian off from contact and association with his white neighbors. Least of all does the bill even by indirection militate against

Christian work among the Indians. Instead of ~oing .any knowledged his indebtedness to Dr. Fisher for of these things, it will secure more land ~o the IndIans and it will prevent them, from losing to whIte people that furnishing translations from this Turkish history. That was enough. Although Dr. Fisher has never which they already have. It will immeasurably raise the said or writen anything against the Government educational opportunities open to them, making av~iIable the mere furnishing of a translation, which was to Indian youths training comparab~e to that cons.Idered indispensable to the children of whIte men. It WIll not used by some unknown writer, was enough to conimpose the slightest restriction on the freedom of any demn him. The Government informed Robert Indian to come or go as he wishes. . . . College that Professor Fisher would not be al- Within recent years the Indian was actually subject lowed to return to Turkey.

to segregating physical restri~tions .making it i~possib~e The tenth anniversary of the Republic offers for him to leave his reservatIOn WIthout a whIte man s permission. Those restrictions have now been remo~ed, evidence of the remarkable progress made in these but his terrible mental and spiritual segregation remams. ten years, but any conscientious report would Should that not also be lifted? The present administra- hardly be flattering enough to please the Turkish tion believes that it should. Government. One example of the striking prog- ress is, however, in education – in schools of all There is no question as to the evils connected types. The present regime has given great attenwith the present system. The. great question is tion to them, so that Turkish schools are better as to how the root of the evil can be removed so housed and furnished, better taught, and better that the Indian will be protected from exploitation disciplined, than ever before. But the teaching in and given an opportunity and incentive to take his these schools is selfish and narrowly nationalistic. place as an intelligent, useful American citizen. The teachers frequently fail to receive their pay, They need economic development, education in the and many blocks are put in the way of real proglaws of health, basic intellectual and moral train- ress. The Government's attitude toward many of ing; incentive and ability to perform the duties the foreign schools has been one of petty interof citizenship, and recognition of responsibility ference and of scarcely concealed opposition. and relationship to God. Tribal dances and superstitious rites should be discredited as unwhole- Other signs of progress are the better marriage some relics of the past, while the best character- laws, strict monogamy, and the emancipation of istics of the Indians are recognized and developed. woman. But in the interior of the country polyg- They should not be exploited either morally or amy is still practiced with little concealment, and financially, nor should any shortsighted policy be the veil is by no means lifted from women in adopted that tends to keep them segregated and most towns, and in practically all of the villages. under different laws from those that govern other citizens. The Wheeler-Howard Bill, with some INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP HOUSES modification, promises to help solve some fea- tures of the Indian problem but there are others A large number of students have been coming that can only be solved as individuals-White and to America from foreign lands and, as a rule, have Red-become intelligent, Christian citizens in a attended schools and colleges in large cities such Christian environment. as New York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, San Francisco and Los Angeles. To create under- PROGRESS AMID DIFFICULTIES IN standing and friendship between them and Amer- TURKEY* ican students, and to furnish accommodations in The Turkish Government is extremely national- wholesome surroundings, three large Internaistic and is so jealous and suspicious that very tional Houses have been built by private philaninnocent things get people into trouble. For in- thropy – one each in New York, Chicago and stance, note the expulsion of Professor Edgar J. Berkeley. In many other cities and in some col- Fisher, Dean of Robert College. The Government leges and universities there are hostels and club prepared its own textbook of universal history, houses that bring these foreign students under five volumes in Turkish, and ordered that no other Christian influence. text of history shall be used in any school. All foreign schools must use it and it must be taught The number of foreign students has decreased by Turkish teachers. The book describes the in recent years and the number of foreign stu- Turkish race as the originator of all civilization. dents in the International Houses is from one- Last year there appeared in an American educa- third to two-thirds less than eight years ago. In tional periodical a none too flattering critique of the New YorK International House, for example, this unique history, The writer, in fairness, ac- the number of Oriental stUdents has decreased from 154 in 1926 to 51 in 1934. This is largely due to the economic depression. These Houses of * All the Mission boards and societies have been forced to cut Friendship are important cultural centers, with an atmosphere of brotherliness at home and abroad, down their missionaries' salaries: then, after the 20% to 40% cut but they are not open to evangelistic efforts. has been made, the fall In the dollar cuts olI a third of the remainder. The American consular and diplomatic offtclals are paid on the gold baSis-but not missionaries!

Are the Orientals in America?

By PRESIDENT ALBERT W. PALMER, D.D., LL.D., Ii- -..a{ Chicago, Illinois Author of "Orientals in American Life," etc.

ORIENTALS are people who come from the over half a century and has now come to a period East. The word grew up in an English of fruitage and of new opportunity which makes and European setting where Arabia, Per- it an important enterprise for the churches to sia, India, China, Japan and the Philippines were understand and carry forward.

normally approached by going further and fur- The statistical tables which accompany this ar- ther east. Hence people from all these lands were ticle reveal at a glance the spread of Orientals called Orientals, those around the end of the Medi- throughout the continental United States and the terranean Sea being considered as in the "near" areas of their greatest concentration, as re- East and those in India, China and Japan as in ported by the census of 1930. To these figures the "far" East. We still use these terms in Amer- should be added those for Hawaii: 27,179 Chiica though, as a matter of fact, Japan, China and nese, 139,631 Japanese and 63,052 Filipinos, or the Philippines are in our near East or rather, 229,862 out of a total population of 368,336 in the since we normally go west to visit them, our "near territory. It should also be noted that these figwest," and we might as well call them Occidentals ures deal with race, not with national allegiance. as Orientals! All of which only shows that the About half of them are American-born and are line "East is East and West is West" is by no therefore American citizens by birth-right. This means as true as the poet thought it was! applies to those born in Hawaii just as much as to those born on the mainland of the United However, "Orientals in America" still means to us the people of Asia, especially those of China, States. Japan, and the Philippine Islands. There are What are the characteristics of these peopl~?

Arabs, Persians and East Indians in America but Much alike as all Orientals may look and seem to their number is small and they do not affect social us, they have their distinct differences of which conditions or create any race problem of impor- they themselves are very conscious. The Chinese tance. There are 6,400 Koreans in Hawaii but and Japanese have much in common in that both the number on the American mainland is very use the same written characters, though they pro- small, so that we here confine ourselves to the nounce them differently; they employ related art three larger groups, the 75,000 Chinese, the 140,- forms and think largely in terms of Confucian 000 Japanese and the 50,000 or 60,000 Filipinos. philosophy and Buddhist religious concepts. The All three together, total only about 275,000, not a Filipinos, though probably akin to the Japanese in very large block amid a population of 125,000,000 blood, with a considerable Chinese admixture, -only a little over two-tenths of one per cent. have been largely Christianized and have a cul- ture which owes more to Spain and, since 1898, Why bother about such a small minority? to America, than to Japan or even China. In Why should a series of textbooks about them be general the three groups, though often living in prepared and their study be urged upon all the churches? adjacent parts of American cities, are quite as The answer is that, while their number is rela- separate and distinct here as in their homelands tively small when compared with the whole Amer- across the Pacific. ican population, they represent a larger and more The Chinese in the United States are characterimportant proportion in certain areas like the ized by industry, thrift, capacity for sustained Pacific Coast where avery real and sensitive ra- toil, and commercial genius. They are excellent cial adjustment problem has arisen because of students and, in spite of a passion for gambling them. They also have a vital relationship to their and some addiction to opium, have an excellent homelands and so, for good or evil, they help to reputation for good behavior, and their criminal color and condition our dealings with these trans- record is well below the average for the total Pacific neighbors of whose importance we are be- American population. The economic and social coming increasingly aware. Moreover, mission- walls which racial discrimination has raised ary work has been carried on among them for against them have tended to shut them up in [263 ]

"Chinatowns," which if they were Jews would railroad builders. Even so, their competition and be called "ghettoes." Lack of economic oppor- increasing numbers struck terror to the heart of tunity has also driven some of them into under- the white workingman and, after a period of perworld trades or turned their attention toward secution and agitation, the Chinese exclusion law China as their land of hope. The proportion of was passed in the early '80s. Since that time their women among them is relatively small-only number has gradually declined until the last cen- 15,000 women to 60,000 men, because their roots sus when it has begun to rise, due to the natural are still in China and the immigration laws do increase from children born in this country. not permit them to bring their wives from China. This strengthens the tendency to be Asiatic- The Japanese came later, faced a racial attitude minded and the tumultous and revolutionary con- already fixed toward the Chinese, aroused the ditions in that country also attract their interest same fears of an Asiatic inundation of cheap laand arouse their hope. bor and became the object of anti-alien land laws and exclusion agitation which finally came to a The Japanese, on the other hand, consider climax in the federal immigration law of 1924. America their home and are not minded to re- This gave Asiastics no quota, thereby excluding turn to Japan, except as visitors. They have all except a few special classifications. Both the come largely as families with a goodly proportion Chinese and Japanese have resented these excluof women (57,000 females to 81,000 males) and sion laws which, although they have calmed the among their large group of American-born chil- fears of the Pacific Coast, have not been in acdren the balance of the sexes is nearly equal. cord with the ideals of Christian diplomacy and They do not ordinarily accept segregation, though have been needlessly and foolishly irritating to Los Angeles and other Pacific Coast cities may peoples with whom we shall have to live around have a "little Tokyo," but scatter on farms and the Pacific Ocean for centuries to come and whose in the urban communities. They are industrious, friendship we should seek to win and not to thrifty, especially good at "stooping-over" agri- alienate. cultural pursuits like raising strawberries and vegetables, and are exceedingly intelligent and The Filipino in America zealous for education for their children. They take on American ways rather more promptly Now, last of all, comes the Filipino. He came than the Chinese in their clothes, their houses first to Hawaii as a laborer in the sugar-cane and and social customs. Adaptability is their middle pineapples and now appears in the United States name! proper as a student and a gang-laborer in the lettuce, asparagus and sugar beet industries. He Oriental Characteristics is lithe, cheerful, adept at "squatting" types of agriculture and he operates in gangs under a boss A widespread legend has it that the Chinese who is both employer, labor leader, boardingare honest and the Japanese dishonest, but this is house keeper and sometimes friend and relative one of those perverse racial generalizations which all rolled into one. are quite without adequate foundation. Unprejudiced observers who really know both races do not In the cities the Filipino is a young man away draw any such comparisons. They recognize that from home. He likes good clothes and social the Chinese, out of a long commercial training, gaiety. He is fond of music and dancing and has are ordinarily loyal to their contracts while the a Spanish cavalier attitude toward the ladies. Japanese, who have only recently emerged from Not having many women of his own group (only feudalism, . are more strongly bound by ties of one to every fourteen men) he makes friends with personal loyalty, honor and good will. The Japa- women of other racial groups-Mexican, Italian, nese are noted for cleanliness, a high sense of Polish and others-and this sometimes decreases personal honor and dignity, love for children and his popularity with the men of those groups. skill in controlling them and a deep sense of gratitude for favors received. Like the Chinese their Being the latest comer he is the least popular criminal record is decidedly better than the aver- and most objected to, and he has a certain irreage of the population and they practically never sponsibility and recklessness which go with youth trouble the associated charities or the Juvenile and would doubtless be less noticeable in a com- Courts. munity of normal age and family composition. He has, howeyer, a Spanish and Roman Catholic The Chinese began coming to California during background and his friends think that in some the gold excitement of 1849. Crowded out of the ways he will make the adj ustment to American mines by discriminatory taxation they found mar- life more easily than Chinese and Japanese beginal occupations so far as possible where they cause of that. He is able to get by the immigrawould not compete directly with white men. They tion authorities so far because, while not a citibecame laundrymen, cooks, vegetable peddlers and zen, he is rated as a "United States national" and not excluded. When Philippine independence ar-

WHO ARE THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA?

rives he will probably find himself just another which predisposes them to Christianity. To them Asiatic without a quota. Meantime he is very Buddhism is alien and not readily intelligible, much in need of friends. The missionary work, whereas Christianity fits in with the ideas and long under way with Chinese and Japanese, has ways of thinking to which their education has prescarsely been started among the Filipinos, who, disposed them. as young men in a strange land greatly need homes, guidance, friendship and Christian influ- The way is therefore open and ready for a great ences. Christian forward movement among these young Americans of Oriental ancestry. Already the The need for missionary work among all these Japanese Young People's Christian Federation Orientals is imperative and the outlook is very has every year at Berkeley, California, the largest promising, especially among the young people convention of Christian young people of any race born in the United States and growing up in our on the Pacific Coast. public schools. This so-called "second generation" of American citizens of Chinese or Japanese It is therefore a very timely and strategic thing ancestry is one of the most appealing and praise- for the missionary leaders of our country to turn worthy groups of young people in all the land. the attention of the American churches to a home Whatever may have been the background of their missionary task which right within our own gates parents' religious ideas-Buddhist, Confucianist, has something of the romance of foreign mis- Taoist-they are growing up in a civilization sions and at the same time is filled with hopeful possibilities.

I. Regional Distribution of Orientals, Census of 1930 Chinese Japanese i Filipino Area T'otal Male Female Total I Male Female I Total I Male Female MNeiwddlEe n gAltalnadn t i.c…………………… 3,794 3,233 561 i ! 75 358 1 29 WSE.o. uNNtohorrtAthhtOlOaenentntirtcraal.l……………………………. 14,005 12,503 1,502 922 2,882 314 6,340 5,421 352 277 I 267 3,027 329 I 168 E. South Oentral ……….. 1,738 1,431 919 341 76 1,869 1,477 307 3,662 2,740 115 784 2,568 81 M WPa.ocuiSfnoictuatih.n..O..e….n..t..r..a..l………………………….. 392 1,022 755 14 861 2,859 743 589 154 1,003 662 255 50 2 United States ………….. 1,582 1,237 345 278 4,382 839 708 176 3,252 2,675 577 393 32 50,692 1,391 780 112 41,631 31,236 10,395 46 432 35,016 48 1,982 . 687 663 74,954 59,802 15,152 7,036 1,279 12101,,245118 1 69,559 33,034 138,834 I 81,771 I 57,063 1 45,208 j 42, 268 1 2,940 I I II. Oriental Population in Twenty-five Typical Cities, Census of 1930 Ohinese Japanese Filipino CHies Total 1 Male I Female Total i Male I l"emale ! 'rotal I Male I Female – – – – –~~~–~~~—I———— 438 I 346 i 131 2 Baltimore, Md. ………… 92 29 1 99 97 108 98 10 Boston, Mass. …………. 1,595' 1,346 ' 249 69 .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: I 17 5 1,715 81 Buffalo, N. Y. ………….. 110 91 19 [ 1,796 568 37 Ohicago, Ill. …………… 2,757 2,408 349 ~~~ 486 II 179 10 486 1' 3,021 224 Oleveland, O. ………….. 570 84 45 ::::: I 1 51 88 1~7 G Dallas, Tex. …………… 10 605 189 255 73 Denver, 0010. ………….. 154 121 33 349 225 ' 124 3,245 1,599 198 Detroit, Mich. …………. 710 586 83 I 37 75 91 124 103 20 497 Kansas Oity, Mo ……….. 1 108 2,228 13:3 I 57 Los Angeles, Oalif. …….. 3,009 17 26 .. i2:597 I 8,484 492 15 781 21,081 '7 484 80 Milwaukee, Wis………… 1 176 157 19 10 328 314 418 4,158 Minneapolis, Minn……… ! 221 175 46 :38 30 8I 1,797 1,563 51 572 Newark, N. J …………… I 667 622 45 II •••••••• I 255 39 7 New Orleans, I,a……….. 1 267 197 70 34 549 499 New York, N. Y………… ' 8,414 7,549 865 2,356 1,748 608 91 Oakland, Oalif…………. 3,048 2,OIl 1,037 2,137 1,241 : 896 394 Oklahoma Oity, Okla…… 1 112 97 15 9 …… 98 I 4,576 1,474 198 138 1,614 Philadelphia, Pa. ………. 1,672 40 61 Portland, Ore. …………. 1,416 990 426 1,864 1,088 776 294 St. Louis, Mo. …………. 484 393 91 31 San Diego, Oalif. ………. 509 387 122 9Il 521 390 San Francisco, Oalif. …… 16,303 12,033 4,270 6,250 3,607 2,643 Seattle, Wash. …………. 1,347 969 378 8,448 4,741 3,707 Tacoma, Wash. ………… 89 1,193 676 517 Washington, D.O., …….. 398 325 93 78

Students in

By CHARLES D. HURREY, New York General Secretary of the Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students "I AM convinced that Christianity is not the If our Christian experience is to be shared with religion for China," said a Chinese student in others, should we not trust them to express their a recent conversation with me. One of his convictions according to their genius and in their fellow countrymen, with communistic leanings, own way? Perhaps the Oriental student in Amerconcurred in this view and added: "Why is it that ica should not join one of our denominations; communism has won a million followers in China maybe we should give him much more support in while Christianity lags far behind?" When I building up a Christian movement among his felchallenged them to indicate what they found low students in America. Why not call him into wrong in the teachings and example of Jesus conference with our Mission Boards? Is it not Christ, they promptly replied, "Nothing wrong amazing that so few Orientals are teaching in our in Him, but the system is bad." One of these colleges? students is a product of a mission school; the The Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Filipino other is not; both are men of first-rate intellec- national Christian associations are eager to intual ability an'd pleasing personality. How·far do fluence their fellow students to live the Christian they represent the opinions of the other 1,200 life. Their leaders are seldom asked how Ameri- Chinese students in North America? can missionary enthusiasts can help them realize Communi~m, nationalism, and Christianity are their objective. They are often asked to dress up competing today for the allegiance of 4,000 Ori- in native costume and appear at missionary teas, ental students in the United States. For the mo- make speeches, and provide entertainment for ment nationalism holds their primary loyalty. American church organizations. We are in danger Chinese and Korean students regard the Japanese of exploiting these students for our own pleasure.

as enemies, and they are not generally disposed to I believe that 4,000 Oriental students returning to follow the injunction of Jesus and love them. The their mother lands can do more than twice that Japanese are willing to be loved, but not inclined number of missionaries to mould the life of their to swerve from one hundred per cent loyalty to people according to the pattern of Jesus. Hun- the "manifest destiny of their empire." East In- dreds of the most influential Christian leaders in dian students find more hope of present and fu- the Orient today were members of the Christian ture salvation in Mahatma Gandhi than in the associations in America a few years ago. "churchanity" of the Western world. Seven hun- Most of the Oriental students in America are dred Filipino students, while grateful for any good sympathetic with the aims and methods of their received from American sources, are restive under Christian associations; they read the monthly the deferred hope of complete independence. bulletins 0:( their societies, use their directories, No doubt some Oriental students have come ex- welcome the letters and visits of the secretaries, pecting too much; having enjoyed happy fellow- and attend various conferences. A minority are ship with their missionary teachers, they are sen- professed followers of Christ and take an active sitive to seeming neglect. Others have a chip on part in Christian association meetings. It is the shoulder; they are looking for trouble and through these associations that the American peothey find it. But after making due allowance for ple can best manifest their helpfulness.

this minority, we must admit that there is in our Some of the results of Christian contacts made American attitude and conduct abundant cause by Orientals in America are seen in the large for irritation and disillusionment. Most of us number of those who have returned to their home still act as if we had nothing to learn from the lands to take up service there. ancient .philosophy and culture of the Orient. We Dr. Toyohiko-Kagawa of Japan does not hesi- assume that the Oriental will come to us, learn our tate to give credit to Princeton Theological Semilanguage and manners, eat and dress as we do, in nary and his contact with American Christian short, become Americanized. Do we not still talk home life, for their determining influence upon of the "missionary enterprise" as if it were some- his life. thing which we are "putting over" in the Far East? Dr. Herman Liu, President of Shanghai Uni- versity, attributes to the American church and [266 ] MEMBERS OF THE THrRD ANNUAL OONFERENCE OF THE ORIENTAL STUDENT CHRISTIAN FEDERATION OF NEW YORK CITY, APRIL 13, 1933. DR. E. STANLEY JONES, WELL-KNOWN MISSIONARY IN INDIA, SPOKE ON "TH!El PLACE OF THE ORIENTAL STUDENT IN THE RELIGION OF HIS OWN COUNTRY"

home influences his decision to dedicate his life receptions and dinners are arranged; talented to Christian education in China. foreign students are frequently invited to address Dr. S. J. Theodore, an influential professor in American audiences. American made plans and Madras Christian University, earned his way programs are carried out in American fashion, through Cornell and Yale Universities, much of until the student naturally feels that he is being the time living with a Christian family. In spite used by Americans in their way rather than ac- of discrimination in street cars, barber shops, cording to his own desires.

restaurants and churches, he maintained a re- Leaders of Mission Boards and local mission- markably sweet spirit, and is today one of the ary societies will get ahead much better with foremost Christian educators in India. Oriental students if they will offer such coopera- Popularity and fraternity membership at Yale tion as will enable Oriental students to promote University did not turn the head of Y. C. James their Christian program according to Oriental (Jimmy) Yen. He was president of the Chinese methods and ideals. In short, the inquiry, "How Students' Christian Association and a welcome can we Americans help you Oriental Christian guest in many American homes. Service with the students realize your ideals in your way?" will Y. M. C. A. among Chinese laborers in France meet with an enthusiastic and cheerful response.

gave him a vision of service which is being ful- It is not Americanization of the Oriental nor de- filled today in his outstanding leadership for popu- nationalization of him that we seek, but rather lar education in China. the mutual deepening and enrichment of Christian Ask Dr. Hugh Cynn to name the determining experience through cooperative effort.

influences in shaping his career and he invariably An illustration of how things may be done in mentions his loyal American friends of the Meth- Oriental fashion in America, to make the Orien- odist Church and the Y. M. C. A. in California tals feel more at home, is shown by a recent Japa- and throughout the United States. He is one of nese dinner in New York at the Nippon Club. The the three most prominent Christian leaders in entire arrangements and program were exqui- Korea today. sitely Japanese – food, decorations, music, Hon. Camilo Osias, Commissioner from the speeches, all flavored with the courtesy of Nippon.

Philippine Islands, delights to tell of his student The little group of Americans present entered days in Illinois and Ohio when he was impression- heartily into the conversation, manipulated the able and homesick, and enjoyed the hospitality of chopsticks and admired the motion pictures of Christian people in home and church. College Japan. It was a delightful program initiated and friendships in America won him to fixed purposes conducted by the Japanese Students' Christian of Christian service to his people. Association.

The Christian movement among Oriental stu- The Filipinos in New York enlisted the coop- dents in the United States is by no means desti- eration of a few Americans in giving a dinner in tute of real friends. In practically every com- honor of Theodore Roosevelt, former Governor of munity where there are students from the Orient, the Philippines. Native costumes, special re- the churches, Christian Associations, and various freshments, music and speeches made the occasion clubs are actively in contact with them; many memorable for Americans as well as Filipinos. It

was a Filipino event by Filipinos and chiefly for smaller than in the past. Our business, political, Filipinos, of whom more than 150 were present. and educational relations with these countries are daily becoming more intimate and extensive. Ex- A church in Maplewood, New Jersey, each year cpallge visits are on the increase. More Oriental in May invites ten students from as many coun- teacpers are being invited to American univertries for a week-end. They participate in a picnic sities; friendship tours of school boys and girls on Saturday afternoon, are entertained in private are on the increase; future statesmen of the homes, speak to various Sunday school classes Orient are now studying political science in this and attend church service. Sunday afternoon each country and, slowly but surely, young Americans foreign student leads a discussion group on pis are planning a year or more of study and travel country. In the evening each foreign guest gives in the Orient. a farewell message at the Young People's supper. Making Christ known and followed in the Ori- We have come to the day when America needs .ent and Occident is a joint enterprise-not someto be a receiving, as well as a sending country, to thi:ng to be imposed by one group upon another. be taught and to follow rather than always to be Once the Oriental students discover this attitude teacher and leader. on our part they will unite with us in building a world society according to the vindicated prin- Inquiries addressed to hundreds of Christian ciples of Jesus Christ. Oriental leaders regarding the dominant influ- In all of our dealing with Oriental students we DELEGATES TO CONIFERE1NCE OF ORl'ENTAL CHRISTIAN should remember that they are inevitably under a STUDENTS, 1934 handicap: first, because they are conspicuous in our college life on account of external racial charences determining their careers called forth glow- acteristics; second, they are victims of our law's ing tributes to their American teachers, their fel- discrimination, which requires them to carry full low students, and their friends in the United time day work as students or be deported; the States. For many the inspiration of a Christian law denies them the right to work full time as home revolutionized their life purpose; others re- apprentices, for or without wages; third, prevailcall the memorable messages and fellowship en- ing racial and color prejudices on our part often joyed in student conferences. Not a few remem- humiliate them in their social relationships in ber with lasting gratitude the financial and moral America; fourth, their financial resources are help extended in their hour of desperate need. often inadequate and the accompanying distress results in embarrassment and often times harsh It is our duty and high privilege to invite criticism of American civilization; fifth, the Oriental students to our· Mission Board offices American-born Oriental finds it almost impossible and into our counsels. They should be made fa- to obtain a satisfactory position in this country, miliar with our changing plans and policies. Much although possessing ability and training, the equal of the hostility and prejudice against foreign mis- of that of white Americans. sions can be avoided and overcome by adequate and early conference and fellowship. We are the Oriental students are most grateful for suggeshosts, they are guests; initiative rests with us. tions and introductions which enable them to Why should any Oriental student return to his know influential American citizens and to obtain native land without having had opportunity to information not available within the curriculum. get the latest facts concerning missionary policy and methods? If we wish to improve our cooperative relation- ship with Oriental students, we must practice the Let us face reality. Comparatively few more Christianity which our missionaries preach. This American missionaries will be sent to Japan, Ko- will mean speedy recognition of racial equality; rea, and the Philippines; more will probably go repeal of discrimiriatory legislation, and the early to China and India, but this number will be granting of citizenship rights annually to a lim- ited quota of Orientals; the abrogation of unequal treaties; the absolute prohibition of the manu- facture and display of films which are an insult to the people-, of the Orient; the elimination of an attitude of patronage and condescension toward cultured Oriental tourists and students.

Thus putting our own house somewhat in order we shall be justified in expecting the Orient to listen to the Gospel; otherwise it will seem to them like "sounding brass and a clanging cymbal."

America's Influence Anti~Christian?

By ARTHUR A. YOUNG, New York Editor of "The Chinese Christian Student"

M ISSION BOARDS have sought the causes cut, and pays three dollars for the experience. A . for the slow progress of Christianity in the Orient, but too often they have overlooked sign on the campus reads, "Three rooms vacant," the Oriental students in America. Eventually these men become influential leaders among their but when the Filipino applies, he is told abruptly, own countrymen and are far-reaching factors in the success or failure of Christian missions in the "No rooms vacant." If he attends a church sup- Far East. per and has a fine time these same people fail to Unfortunately many Oriental students lose their faith in Christ and Christianity while study- recognize him as they pass him on the street. ing in the United States, as has been shown by a recent survey conducted among Christian Oriental Twenty-nine reasons were given by Oriental students.* It proved conclusively that among students why they lose their Christian faith while Oriental students more Christians are unmade, in America. These reasons include everything rather than made during their residence in the United States. Why is this? from "Too few Christians" to "America's passion Christian missionaries brought the first Ori- for misrepresentation"; from "race prejudice" to ental students to America. A Rev. Mr. Brown discovered Yung Wing in Macao and saw him "corruption and crime"; from "church too fundathrough Yale-the pioneer Oriental student to start the movement that brings hundreds of Chi- mental" to "church indifference to social probnese students to America yearly. Joseph Hardy Neesima, the first Japanese student in America, lems." was brought into contact with a Christian in the United States and, after receiving his education, Race prejudice is cited more than any other he returned home and founded Doshisha University. Today the percentage of genuine Oriental factor as a cause why Oriental students lose faith. Christians in American colleges is so small that we wonder why the movement that brought them One expresses disappointment to see that "some here in the beginning failed in later years to win more of them to Christ. churches do not allow colored people to enter"

Back home in the Orient missionaries have rep- and wonders "if they remember that Jesus Christ resented the favorable side of American life so as to cause the students to anticipate with delight Himself was not of white skin." Others say: "If a more intimate contact with Americans. "Before I came, I thought America a Christian na- Christ Himself tried to enter America He could tion. Now I know it's different," is a common experience among Oriental students. not do so under present immigration laws."

Even on board the steamer coming to the Filipino students are most vocal regarding lack United States the weakening process begins. At the Grand Central Terminal, an Oriental student of opportunities in the United States, particularly enters a restaurant, and waits and waits and waits, but no one comes to serve him. In the employment. Here is a typical statement: South, one of his countrymen gets his first hair- "Talk of Christianity but when it comes to prac- • The survey was a jOint effort of the Chinese Students' Christian Aissociation, the Japanese Students' Christian Association, the FIlI- tical life very few Americans are mindful of the pino Student Christian Movement In America, the Korean Students' x~!~l~~ Federation, and the Hindustani StUdents' Association In fact that we Filipinos are Christian and subjects of the United States, and therefore should at least be given a chance to enjoy the privileges accorded to Americans."

Even flags seen in churches have tended to weaken the Christian faith of Oriental students.

One Korean student confessed that the sight of them made him feel more patriotic toward his country, and, therefore, less a universal Christian.

Chinese and Japanese students place much em- phasis on America's commercial spirit, and the luxuries and pleasures so dominant in her civili- zation. .

Professors and university textbooks have played their part in this influence on faith. "Most cer- tainly, I have lost it," wrote one. "For one thing there is the influence of the university. Such courses as anthropology, comparative religion, 0pthhileorssopdh0 y,n psychology, sociology, sciences, an d ot tend to m ake a person believe i n organized religion."

[269 ]

One might think that Orientals in theological tian conferences and conventions, in Christian seminaries would be so entrenched in their Chris- homes and institutions. I have also received intian faith that no American contact would weaken spiration from many helpful messages that I have it. But from the replies received it is safe to say heard." that a number have become skeptical and have even lost their faith in Christianity since their A Chinese student felt his Christian life much studies in America, or their Christian faith has enriched because he "met good and sincere Amerbeen weakened. ican Christians in a family in St. Paul." Some American invitations are resented by Oriental stu- The chief criticisms are: too many denomina- dents because they seemed to indicate something tions; lack of the true spirit of Christianity to- of patronage and superiority. They are sensitive wards strangers; some churches show that the on this score, and dislike to be always receiving teaching of Christianity has become the second favors with never returning them. On college aim. Dances and other social activities predomi- campuses it is better for a church to say, "Welnate. come to All," and not, "Welcome to Oriental Stu- dents." A Chinese student at a well-known theological seminary lists four reasons why "my faith has As speakers in churches these students often been considerably weakened": 0 make contacts that help strengthen their Chris- tian faith. "My weekly atfendance at Sunday 1. The childish controversies over theological concep- School and speaking engagements in various tions instead of helping to live a good Christian life takes churches made me realize the value of real Chrisaway attention from matters of great issues of life. tian fellowship," says a Korean student. The problem is to get good speakers. Some foreign 2. The shattering of the ideal built up on the good life students utilize the occasion to lambast mission of the missionaries in the East. Christians in this coun- work in their home lands and should realize that try, with a few notable exceptions, do not stand the test criticisms are more effective when made to of ideal Christian life that we in the East look up to. church leaders than to congregations.

3. The fact that such a large majority of the Americans Success in strengthening the Christian faith of do not even outwardly take any interest in church work. Oriental students depends primarily on a strong religious foundation. Many have not been firmly 4. Christians in general do not take Christianity seri- grounded in the Christian faith and are only ously, and do not make any special effort to remove the "school Christians." "My faith remains unevils of American society. That a Christian nation should shaken; no devil can change my faith in God," allow race prejudice, lynching, and other discriminative writes a Filipino girl in California. treatment of different races shows that there is something wrong with American Christianity. A Chinese student says: "My faith has been strengthened not in spite of but because of the Such condition among Oriental students in discouraging and sometimes humiliating experi- America, men and women who hope on their re- ences I have gone through since my arrival in turn home to lead their people in new heights of beautiful U. S. A." progress, do not augur well for the future of Christianity in the Far East. There are a num- An East Indian finds that America's materialber of organizations laboring on behalf of foreign ism is a reason why he should be a better Chrisstudents in the United States, notably the Com- tian. "The rush for °money," he writes, "and the mittee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Stu- pains taken to keep up external appearances, have dents. But their efforts, from the Christian evan- worked a reaction in my own heart about the shalgelistic point of view and the results, are insig- lowness of this over emphasis on storing up of nificant. Why do not American Mission Boards, riches in the world." which concentrate their work on fields afar, pay more attention to the foreign students here? This The most bitter anti-Christians in the Orient is a field calling for intelligent tillage; and one are those who were once in the fold and have lost that is deserving of the fullest possible coopera- faith through disillusionment. Jack London was tion. a great fighter against strong drink because he himself was once a drinker and became disillu- How to Improve the Influence sioned. Oriental students who come to America as Christians and go home as anti-Christians form There are ways to improve the situation. Not a challenge to the Christian Church-a challenge long ago seventy-five Oriental students in New that ought to be met. These men and women will York City met, with the aid of Columbia Univer- undoubtedly be leaders at home, influencing the sity and the Friendly Relations Committee, at thoughts, tastes and habits of their countrymen Riverside Church, and talked the matter over for for years to come. They will do much to mar or a whole day with missionary and church leaders. mould the Christian Church in Oriental lands. It was agreed that something must be done and effective methods of approach were discussed.

Personal contacts come first. A Filipino girl said, "My Christian faith has been strengthened through contacts with men and women in Chris-

HONG.A!NJI TEMPLE. SAN FRANCiSCO ALTAR OF THE NISHI HONGANJI BUDDHIST

How Some Orientals Worship in America -,·<tS{IL!;;i====B;;;; ;;Y ;;F;;;LO;;;R;;;E;;;N;;;C;;;E=C.;;;E;;;V;;;E;;;M;;;E;;;Y;;;E;;;R==-=!JI~ FAR too many have thought of the crossing of a means of regeneration. The Five Relations- ships bearing religion over the Pacific as a Father and Son, Ruler and Ruled, Husband and one-way passage, and that as Christianity Wife, Elder and Younger, Brothers and Friendsbound for Asia. But in mid-ocean the craft of of the Confucian code, holds a large place in the Christendom has been passed by ships from the background philosophy of life of both Chinese and Orient bringing to America their religions. What Japanese among the educated classes today. kind have they brought? How shall we regard But the common Chinese needed some one with them? ,compassion near to their daily lives. Making The Chinese were·the Oriental pioneers brought Buddha a divine being, and Kuan-yin a Goddess of Mercy, China's masses gave answer to Confuhere by capitalists of both races. The first were cian philosophy and Buddhism's socially destruc- "coolies," a name inflicted upon them, for there tive dream of Nirvana. is no equivalent in Chinese, no caste nor class it represents. It is a tribute to their strength that they survived the rough treatment they received In the Chinatowns of Vancouver, Seattle, Portin the frontier labor conflicts. Chinese have out- land, Los Angeles and picturesque "Little Asia" of San Francisco, where one-fourth of the 74,000 lived hard blows for over 4,000 years. Chinese in the United States are found, there Taoism and Confucianism are also the Chinese temples. As the old priest In the 6th century B. C., Lao-tse taught Taoism drew aside the curtain to show the "lady gods,"

-contemplation and reason, avoidance of force as there was Kuan-yin, fresh incense telling of re- • [271]

cent worship. Her story could offer comfort only Tenrikyo worship differs from Buddhist worto the few. ship. To a quiet place the discourser goes with the person that he may discern the character of Then came the Japanese. Prior to 1641, Japan his listener. Hence the movement of Tenrikyo permitted unrestricted residence of all nationali- is called a hidden mission. Preaching is not enties and as a result her entire social and economic tirely absent, but the sermon is seldom heard. structure was shot through with Chinese customs The principal ceremony of Tenrikyo is Otefuri and philosophy. Reacting strongly, Japan passed and Kagura. Otefuri is a prayer, accompanied by total exclusion laws and for two hundred years gestures of both hands, according to a formula it was a crime punishable by death for a J apa- taught by the foundressnese to leave his country. Now they are the world's great travelers and their first large emi- o my God, deliver me from evil. gration was to the United States. o our God, we earnestly ask thy deliverance Shinto and Tenrikyo for the purification of our fellowmen and for the edifice of Kanrodai (buoyant peace).

"Wherever Japanese are, there is Shinto," said Kagura is a harmony of singing, dancing and a Japanese. Today, Shinto as a religion is prac- music with instruments. The singing is per- tically extinct. As a State ritual, a divine patri- formed by two readers of the Divine Songs, while otism, it is very much alive. As worship, it the dance is by six dancers wearing the black consists of forms of respect and deification of cloth, with fans representing the colored sun.

humanity, particularly the Mikado, heroes and All these are men. Eight performers, of which ancestors. three are women, play the harp, the lute and the Out of desire that Shinto assume more religious violin; five men play the flute, the drum, the aspects to meet their spiritual need, Tenrikyo was bell, the gong, the kako and a pair of wooden born – "Ten," numeral; "ri," reasons; "kyo," blocks. The object of the singing and dancing is religion. It is sometimes called the Christian Sci- to show unutterable gratitude to God.

ence of the Japanese. In the year 1838 at the age Sikhism from India of forty, Miki Nakayama, claimed to have had a revelation at Jiva, Nara Perfecture, and wrote the The first people to come to America from India principal document called the Holy Psalms or were soldiers and policemen from Hong Kong and "Ofedesaki." Tenri-no-Mikoto, a supreme deity Shanghai. They came to Canada from the Pan- is singled out of ten other deities, who preside jab. The number has now dwindled for immigra- over the different functions of the human body. tion has been cut off, and emigration has taken It is henotheism, the belief in one God, but not to place. Those remaining are identified with the the exclusion of other gods. cultivation of raisins around Fresno, rice at Sac- The foundress warns that all disease results ramento, and cotton in the Imperial Valley.

from wicked hearts. Egotistic desires are the Most of these people are Sikhs. About the time source of all misfortune and malady. She calls of the Reformation in Europe, Sikhism rose in the them the "Eight Dusts"-coveting, grudging, pas- Panjab under the leadership of Baba Nanak as a sion, hatred, emnity, fury, greed and haughtiness. protest against caste, sectarianism and symbol These check spiritual progress. Unless one cast worship. They preached the unity of God and the them off, he cannot return to his true self, have brotherhood of man, combined Hinduism and Mo- his illness cured, his unhappiness converted into hammedanism and called themselves "Sikhs" or joy or his soul saved. One may have accumulated disciples. Guru Gobind Singh, in the f7th cen- "dusts" in a previous existence. . tury, sought to make them free from outside at- But getting rid of dusts is not sufficient. There tack by organizing them into a strong military must be "Hinokishin"-service to God and man. party called Khalsa. He instituted the baptism "Tenrikyo," says a Japanese, "is an instrument of of the sword as a means to membership.

the State, most faithful to the Sovereign and a At Stockton, California, the Sikhs have built a slave to public welfare." two-storied temple with a hall for meetings and Though persecuted, this sect has grown rapidly residence for the priest on the ground floor. Up- in recent years, and has now about 5,000,000 fol- stairs is the prayer hall at one end of which is an lowers in 10,000 "churches" of Japan. In 1928 altar on which is kept the Granth or sacred book the Overseas Department officially sent its first containing the precepts of Sikhism. Rich carpets missionaries across the Pacific. Today there are cover the floor, and above is an ornate canopy thirty centers of Tenrikyo in North America- with pictures and texts on the walls. Their scrip- Vancouver, B. C., Seattle, Tacoma, Portland, Salt tures are read and expounded twice daily by the Lake City and larger cities of California. It was priests.

represented at the 1933 World's Fair at Chicago. Similar temples are found in Vancouver and

HOW SOME ORIENTALS WORSHIP IN AMERICA

Victoria, and in each lumber mill, owned by the April 28th, of the Nichiren temple-gift of the Sikhs, there is a temple. Wherever you find Southern Manchurian Railway to the Chicago twenty Sikhs, there you find a temple if only an World's Fair and now removed to Sebastpol, So- old shack. They rarely change their headdress, noma County, California.

shave their faces or cut their long hair, for this is Nichirenism from Japan part of their religion.

In the large centers, full time priests officiate. We drove up to the Nichiren temple, located in They are elected annually and receive salaries, a community of homes, both American and Japamust be men of high moral character educated in nese. Again the Buddhists show keen sense of the Gurumuki language. religious strategy in location. A one-story, yel- Japanese Buddhism low stucco, set off by dark green cypress trees oc- cupied a corner lot, with a spacious playground, On April 6th, for the first time in the history and the priest's home. With assistance from head- of the six Japanese Buddhist temples in Los An- quarters in Japan, members and friends had geles, the full Buddhist ritual was conducted in erected this attractive little "church" for $10,000 English by the only American priest in the United four years ago.

States. It was their Lord Buddha's birthday. In A portrait of Tanaka reminded us of the power- the same week Christians celebrated the resurrec- ful society in Japan called Kokuchukai, of which tion of their Lord Jesus. Mr. Chigaku Tanaka is president. Composed of The worship was in charge of Americans: The laymen, its object is to present practical religion central image on the altar was the Buddha, with as revealed by Nichiren seven hundred years ago angels carrying the sacred lotus flower in the fret- and a revival occurring forty years ago. A Japa- work design across the top. The appointment and nese said it is often called the Salvation Army of service of the altar was suggestive of the Roman Buddhism because it "pounds the gong and ap- Church in the burning of incense and the intona- peals to the masses." Drawing back a curtain, tion of the sutras (precepts). Flowers symbolized the figure of Nichiren was revealed, back of which the transitoriness of all things, their perfume, the Buddha was represented on a panel.

vanity of life. The priest wore a black robe in- The whole altar was gorgeous in gold and red. stead of one of orange used in Ceylon and India. A tengai (sunshade for nobility in India), sus- Around his neck was the Buddhist rosary of 108 pended from the front section flanked with dobans beads (same as the Hindu), representing fifty- on the sides produced the desired ornateness. four virtues, and fifty-four vices to be avoided. Many of the people wore over the wrist the half- "Calling aloud the name of Saddharmapundasize rosary representative of the Wheel of Life. rika Sutra, your passions, retribution and suffer- ings, at once turn into the three virtues-Truth, The following Sunday in the largest temple of Wisdom and Emancipation. The aim of the the city, the Honganji,-speeches, pantomimes, INichirens is to pray to the Original Buddha in the playlets and dances were given on the platform, heart; to repeat the name of the Saddharmapun- the shrine being completely veiled from view. darika Sutra in the mouth; to carryon the reli- From one till eight the interest of the people never gious practice in the body; pray for the universal flagged, and the climax seemed to be reached in an submission to Buddha and unitedly endeavor to allegorical story told by the Japanese Buddhist propagate his laws until all shall realize heaven priest, and applauded with vigor. here and now."

But it was the conference for Americans that Seven hundred years ago, Nichiren was was unique. The only American Buddhist priest, strongly imbued with the idea that Nichirenism a man about thirty-five years of age, proved to be would spread from East to West, his followers are an erstwhile Episcopalian rector who informed working earnestly to make it come true.

us the Mahayana Buddhistic Society sponsoring In writing this article the thought has per- the Lord Buddha's celebration, represented the sisted: Suppose I were an Oriental in the Orient solid front of Buddhism; that in presenting writing: "How Some Americans Worship in the Buddhism to America, Buddhists know what the Orient." How patient and understanding we Christians in the Orient have found out-"sects must be on both sides of the Pacific! God's witmust go." ness is in many places among many peoples. These Pamphlets on "Who is Buddha?" were distrib- old religions could not have survived without some uted by the hundreds while the only American truth in them. So, as we come in contact here priest stood at the door giving out his card with and abroad, may it be our strong hope that this name prefixed by "Rev." and suffixed by "D.D.," divine truth wherever found, may be captured by to the people as they passed out. It was an- the power of Him who said, "I have come that nounced that he would officiate at the dedication, they might have life."

"In Christ There Is no East or West"

By ALLAN A. HUNTER, Hollywood, California Minister of Mt. Hollywood Community Church (Congre- }llt-.- gational); Author of "Out 0/ the Far East," and "Social Perplexities"

AFEW summers ago a Japanese visitor to the The problem is not so much what we do as it is Pacific coast, prominent in the student what we don't do. Like the priest and the Levite Christian work in Japan, 'phoned an preoccupied with other things, we often fail to American pastor in California that he would mail notice the inarticulate suffering of the man at the his letter of introduction from a mutual friend in side of the road. The suffering of the Oriental on Tokyo, but that he would take the train that after- the Pacific coast may not catch our attention, but noon for San Francisco. Sensing something it is deep, and organized Christianity must bind wrong the pastor hurried down to the hotel and up its ·wounds.

persuaded Yoshio Endo to re- The most conspicuous wound turn for lunch. He confessed is cut by economic discrimina- that he had not wanted to see Much is said today about tion. "If a job is available, it any more Christians of the a Hsquare deal." How would always goes to an American.

California variety. He had you wish to be treated if you I may be a citizen of the United come across the Pacific on a should go to teach or to do States, but the employer classi- business or to travel for pilgrimage of friendship. Un- pleasure in China or Japan? fies me as a foreigner. In the derstanding that Christians There are as many types of job market we second-generawere dedicated to the building Orientals as there are of tion Japanese don't have a of world fellowship, he had chance." That sums up the gone to a swimming pool con- white Americans. How can mood of most of the seventyducted by a Christian institu- we win them as friends rather three thousand or more Ameritiononly to be told that Ori- than alienate them as ene- cans of Japanese ancestry on mies? Read what a pastor in entals were not admitted. California has to say on this the West Coast. If there is one Yoshio went to a superior subject. It is interesting and Japanese employed as a official who was "sorry, but challengin~. teacher in grade or high nothing could be done about it." schools of California this People would withdraw their writer has not been able to lo- support if Japanese were allowed in the plunge. cate that person. Chinese-you could count them A few hours later my young Japanese friend on one or two hands-are employed in schools was crawling circles around his host in a non- having a preponderance of Oriental pupils but no Christian one-the neighboring city park swim- Asiatic teaches in any ordinary white school.

ming pool. He stayed over Sunday and spoke at There are a few Japanese and Chinese on the the church services. Some of the young people university faculties and one of these has distin- had a good time showing him around and thus, by guished himself in biological research. Again, a good luck, that "pilgrim of friendship" went back county hospital is proud of a Japanese diagnosti- to his country with a good taste in his mouth. cian on its staff, and a young optometrist of But suppose that first raw impression had gone Berkeley claims that race prejudice is no barrier unchallenged. It would have been broadcast to his practice. A Hindu lawyer has made a name on the campus in Japan. A whisper in Los for himself espousing the cause of oppressed Angeles might have been magnified into a hos- workers. Despite such brilliant exceptions, this tile shout across the Pacific, undoing years of generalization – pretty well holds: west of the missionary work. Our home base, let us never Rockies your typical Oriental is up against a forget, is a sounding-board. A negligent act un- color bar that means for him less bread, cheaper der Christian auspices here can sometimes speak clothing and poorer shelter-and a sense of in- so loud on the missionary field that the people over justice that is a bar to his Christian faith.

there can scarcely hear what our missionaries What can be done? A layman interested in a say. young Chinese paved the way so that his friend [274 ] 1934] "IN CHRIST THERE IS NO EAST OR WEST" 275 was employed and accepted socially among the em- is little that church members now can do to change ployees without embarrassment. A director of the anti-alien land laws, but we can at least be religious education in Southern California early aware of the unusual difficulties under which firstthis year advised vegetable field workers on strike, generation Japanese labor.

some of them Filipinos, not to use violence; late The social discrimination against Orientals is that night he faced twenty-seven revolvers aimed not the open sore it used to be, but there is still at him by a lawless mob. In definite ways, that much to be done before the Japanese, Korean, mean economic security and self-respect, we of Chinese, Hindu and Filipino will feel no self- the Christian Church can pull wires and make a consciousness among us. Consider these young stand in behalf of underpaid and disheartened fellows from the Islands who try their hand cut- Orientals in our midst. That command of J ere- ting lettuce and end up in our city hotels as "bus miah calls for all sorts of social engineering: boys" or elevator operators. These erect, well- "Never wrong or ill-treat a resident alien." We dressed boys crave wholesome social life. But can work for organized political pressure which they are practically a womanless group. Very will guarantee the Oriental laborer's rights under few churches offer them spontaneous, unpatronizthe NRA. We can do our part in protecting Ori- ing fellowship. It is not enough to herd them into entals or Americans of Oriental parentage from a church social and make an obvious fuss over unfair economic competition. When there was a these fellow Christians. They resent the thought of hue and cry to punish "Japan" for invading Man- American condescension, and some of them know churia, unrelated Japanese fruit stands on the perfectly well that others are nervous lest their West Coast often paid a heavy penalty. White daughters fall in love with some romantic Filipatriots imagined they were striking blows for pino, in case hospitality is offered. Surely these justice and world peace by refusing to patronize lonesome boys cap be treated as friends without vendors with Asiatic features. To counteract this fearing they will become sons-in-law. The usual indiscriminate boycott the members of one church terror about intermarriage should be answered by were asked by their minister to remember that educating the church young people to choose life sniping at a few Japanese in the community would mates on the basis not of mutual magnetism alone not be upholding the Kellogg Pact or the League but on the lines of cultural congeniality and com- mon background and purpose. The gambling and of Nations. If the militarists in Japan are to be vice dens sometimes are more actively on the job penalized let there be an intelligent, organized of offering fellowship to those socially starved movement, not a blind unfocussed reprisal. Will youths than are we with our Christian homes. the ruination of a few local vegetable and fruit Instead of protecting our family life, maybe the vendors (some of whom are really American citi- conventional barbed wire only shuts God out! zens) spike a single Japanese cannon?

Newspaper Propaganda The Japanese and Chinese youth do not suffer from an acute lack of girls of their own race, as At Easter season this year there began to be do the Filipinos. But they need more normal socirculated in a Southern California city a pink cial contacts with young people of other races newspaper urging a "holy," economic war against through the church than we are giving them. Orientals: "Keep Glendale White!" In huge type Organized Christianity should lead the way in the public is being warned that every time it pur- breaking down racial barriers. Actually, the chases from a Japanese fruit stand or flower shop, schools seem to be doing more than the churches it is contributing toward a bigger navy for the to bring young Orientals into happy relationship Mikado. This propaganda may further the in- with young white people. There are Japanese terests of a few Nordies competing with the Asiatics, but will it help to advance the cause of who are presidents of high school student bodies, Christ either on this or the other side of the but in the same cities you do not find these young Pacific? Will not the silence of unprotesting leaders of Oriental descent heading the League of Youth or the Epworth League in a white ministers of Glendale counteract many of their church.

missionary sermons and make it harder for young One wonders if the time is not here or rapidly Americans of Oriental ancestry to believe in the coming, when for the sake of the spiritual life Kingdom of God? of the white as well as the Japanese people, racial Another economic obstacle we impose upon the lines should be obliterated. There is a growing Japanese in some of our western states is legisla- group of Americans brought up in home mission tion which makes it difficult for first-generation churches whose cheekbones and pigmentation Japanese to own land or have access to land. alone are Japanese. They are not attracted to Those born here, being American citizens, are the ordinary services in the Japanese church. immune to this discrimination, and perhaps there They may be a little too old for the young people's 276 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [June meetings, or feel out of place in the regular morn- who wrote just before his death last November, ing services. "I die to atone for Japanese militarism's sin against China. I die to become a seed of peace." Here is a challenge for white churches within The Lord's prayer sometimes becomes more real range of second-generation Japanese to seek out when it is repeated together in three languages.

these unchurched Christians and make them feel Such encounters of spirit with spirit wait upon the initiative of American Christians. It is surat home in the young married people's clubs. prising how few Japanese Or Chinese women of Small groups can be developed within the church, the older school have any close acquaintance with where these Japanese-Americans will be able to American home life. One American woman who started in her church a small class in English for talk and pray over their problems frankly with Japanese women, found the contact fascinating. Americans all too easily forget who it is that white contemporaries. Shared, first-hand experi- must take the first step toward understanding and hospitality. ence in front of a grate fire among friends is what Most of us can do far more than we dream of they most deeply need. doing through such person-to-person contacts. "Who knows but that your neighbor is your bet- – A Hollywood teacher and his wife have built up ter self wearing another body? See that you would love him as you would love yourself. He, a most interesting and significant comradeship too, is a manifestation of the Most High."

between young Americans of various races. Two But there is also an inescapable political obli- gation. It is all very well for us to brag how members belong to a Chinese family famous for Admiral Perry more than eighty years ago opened the gates of an ingrowing kingdom to the outside its motion picture connections. These go on world. Ten years ago we slammed our own door in the face of that proud people. They may be beach parties and join in the Saturday night dis- more polite than we are but our Exclusion Act rankles deeply within the Japanese heart. We cussions with the Japanese members,-as if there who sing "In Christ There Is no East or West" can never rest until our country does the courtewere no Manchukuo. . ous thing by the Japanese. To be permitted en- trance on the quota basis would mean less than After Kagawa's visit to America nearly three two hundred incoming Japanese a year, but this would satisfy Japanese honor. Would it not enyears ago, the members of the local Kingdom of hance our own? The interests of American work- ing men would not be seriously jeopardized by God Movement (Japanese) were invited to have such a small number of competitors.

their usual six o'clock morning prayer service in If we white Christians on the coast follow Jesus Christ and treat the Orientals in good faith a white church. Americans and Japanese came as members of God's family, we need not fear the from long distances to worship and during the consequences.

breakfast which followed, the enthusiasm was so great that a plan was formed to repeat the experi- ence three or four times a year. The Chinese are now included, both generations, and the latest meeting was held in the Chinese Presbyterian church, attended by Japanese, Chinese and Amer- icans of many denominations. A young Chinese, about to return to his work as dean of a univer- sity in South China, made a plea for uncompro- mising Christian war-resistance. Japanese and Americans made the same commitment, and mes- sages pledging continued effort in this direction were forwarded to Christians in China and Japan.

An American "student-mover" led the group in a period of silent prayer in memory of Takahashi, the young secretary of Kagawa's peace movement, THE MESSAGE OF PENTECOST The Holy Spirit is God at work in the world. One cannot read the verses dealing with the beginnings of the early Church without feeling that he has entered a factory, a work- shop, where power is expressing itself. Things are being done. Something is being accom- plished. Debate has given place to deeds and everywhere there is movement. It is this quality of power that is missing in the Church today.

The supreme questions are: Where does spiritual power reside? How may it be released?

Spiritual power resides in the living Christ. This is the answer of historic Christianity. Pentecost brought to the early Church the unalterable conviction that Jesus Christ was not only alive but actively present in the world.-Rev. Hugh T. Kerr, D.D.

Interracial Understanding

By the REV. CHARLES R. SHEPHERD, Th.D., Berkeley, California Author of "Lim ¥ik Choy," etc.; Director of Chinese Missions, American Baptist Home Mission Society "TO THE Western mind the Oriental seems the Westerner. The first foreigner in China was to wear a mask. There is something in- to the Chinese every bit as much a monstrosity scrutable about him-his face, which seems as was the first Chinese who appeared in Cali- so unresponsive, his eyes which tell no certain fornia. According to ancient Chinese conception, meaning . . . a kind of uncanny, depersonalized, the universe was peopled with two kinds of be- robot-like regimentation which is not quite hu- ings, "yan"-human beings, and "kwei"-spirits, man, and might prove sinister in a crisis." * mostly bad, therefore devils. Before the foreigner Whether we like it or not, this statement by made his appearance in China there was but one Pres. A. W. Palmer is undoubtedly true, and in it kind of human being, or "yan." This being had lies the secret of most of the difficulty which the black hair, dark brown eyes, spatulate nose, Westerner has in understanding the Oriental. dressed like a civilized being, and spoke a lan- But hold on a minute, lest at the very outset we guage which was understood by those who dwelt be misunderstood. The statement is true. But about him. Then came other kinds of beings.

what is the statement? That the Oriental wears These had light colored hair-in some cases red a mask? That he is inscrutable, unresponsive, un- -blue or grey eyes, protuding noses; they dressed canny, and possibly sinister? Not that. Read it in weird-looking apparel and jabbered in a high- again. It is that to the Western mind all this pitched jargon that no civilized being could pos- seems to be true of the Oriental. sibly understand. These beings certainly could Dr. Palmer continues by asking, "What's be- not be "yan"; for whoever had seen or heard tell hind the Oriental mask?" It would have been of such human beings. No, they could not pos- better had he said "What's behind this apparent sibly be "yan." There was only one alternative.

mask?" For in the 200 pages which follow, he They must be "kwei" or devils; and since they painstakingly and sincerely engages in an avowed came from foreign lands where none but barba- effort to "see beyond race differences to those uni- rians dwelt they must be "faan kwei" or "bar- versal traits and problems, those common emo- barian devils." Nothing unkind was meant by tions, needs and aspirations, the recognition of this term, merely a logical explanation of an which alone can make us understand each other otherwise inexplicable phenomenon. Bobby Burns, across the barriers of race." As he does so he when he wrote his immortal "Ode to a Louse on constantly reveals to his readers the fact that, a Lady's Bonnet," of course was not thinking in after all, the so-called mask is more a product terms of East and West; but just the same he of preconceived notions and biased opinions on unwittingly expressed a veritable "open sesame"

the part of the Westerner than the outcome of any to mutual inter-racial understanding when with essentially undesirable characteristics of the Ori- an irreverent chuckle he scribbled those lines: ental himself. Oh wad some power the giftie gie us, In other words, whatever may be the cause, To see oursel's as others see us! It wad frae monie a blunder free us, there is a dimness in the eye of the Westerner that has the effect of making the Oriental seem And foolish notion.

to wear a mask. Once that dimness is dispelled Whoever today aspires to understand and apthe Westerner discovers how exceedingly admir- preciate men and women of an alien race, be he able, genuinely likeable, overwhelmingly human Oriental or Western, must approach his task in and "after-all-very-much-like-us" the average Ori- just that attitude of mind-or he must fail. ental is. We laugh at the conclusions of the Chinese in The Oriental himself undergoes the same expe- regard to Westerners but we are just as illogical. rience in his effort to understand and appreciate We say, because the Chinese do many things dif- f erentlYf rom us, they d0 them the wrong way. F or the• aFdrmomiratbhlee sFtuodreywvoorldumtoe, P"rOorfi.enAtalblseritn WA.mePraiclmanerL'sifer.e"cent book, [277]

instance, Westerners returning from the Orient willing to undertake it. The pity of it! To be are apt to state that a Chinese mounts his horse fair in one's condemnations or commendations one from the wrong side. Who said it was the wrong must have first-hand knowledge; yet how many of side? He mounts from the right side. We West- us who rave about the grave errors of Buddhism, erners mount from the left. We think the Chinese Confucianism and Hinduism could write an intelliqueer and uncivilized because they eat with chop- gent statement of the fundamental tenets of any sticks. The early Chinese thought us barbarian of these systems of belief? A thing is not neces- because, instead of having our food cut up in sarily good because it is American, nor bad be- little pieces before beihg brought to the table, and cause it is Chinese; nor is an idea necessarily true then being conveyed to the mouth by "quick because we may have heard it in Sunday school, fingers" which is the Chinese word for chopsticks, or false because it originated with a priest of we have our meat served in huge chunks, slash at Krishna. "Prove all things," said the apostle it with knives and stick prongs into it. (Inci- Paul, "hold fast that which is good." There are dentally, the term "chopsticks" is not Chinese, but many things about the ways and thoughts of an Western, indicating the sticks used in eating chop Oriental which to the Westerner seem queer, ob- suey; and chop suey is not originally a Chinese jectionable, or even wrong, which come to take dish, but a weird mixture invented by Chinese in on quite a different complexion when viewed in America for consumption by Westerners.) An their proper historic and philosophic perspective.

erring Negro – or was it a white man? – was Truly, if we men of different races would under- once asked what the county jail was like. He stand and appreciate each other we must at least replied, "It all depends on whether you are on make a sympathetic effort to study each other's the outside looking in, or on the inside looking cultural and spiritual backgrounds.

out." If we would understand the Oriental we Brotherly Love must abandon from the outset the rather egotisti- cal assumption that we, in the way of doing And how can this be done so long as we stay things, in mental attitudes, and in philosophical at arm's length from each other? To understand and ethical conceptions, are unequivocally right, a race of people we must live among them; for and the Oriental undeniably wrong. only by so doing can we view daily their many- First-hand Knowledge sided actions and reactions, sense and appreciate To understand a race of people one must know their philosophical and spiritual conceptions of something of their language, their literature, life, feel the pulse of their emotions and listen to their cultural and ethical systems and the his- the heart-beats of their hopes and aspirations. torical and philosophical backgrounds of their habits and customs. We tell the Oriental who What a host of books have been written con- ,comes to our shores that he must learn to read cerning other races by men who have obtained most of their information (or misinformation) rand speak our, language, to study our literature from other books, have added to it from interand adopt our customs if he ever expects to ap- views with those who have first-hand knowledge preciate our civilization; yet how many of us are on the subject, and then have attempted to spice willing to take the same steps in order to under- it all by taking a flying trip through the domain . stand the Oriental in our midst. Among the .mis- of those about whom they write, accompanied by sionaries in foreign lands there are many noble numerous banquets and much handshaking! But, and painstaking souls who give themselves un- alas, true inter-racial understanding and apprestintedly in their efforts to understand the peo- ciation does not come that way.

ple whom they are striving to help. They study We men of different races, if we are to under- diligently the language, literature and customs, stand one another, must approach each other with endeavoring always to find whatever is good in the open minds, without prejudice or hide-bound pre- native civilization, culture, philosophy and reli- conceptions. We must be willing to live together, gion, to the end that they may build upon that to study each other and the background of each foundation the more excellent structure of Chris- other's civilization, to give and take, to seek out tian civilization. But, alas, there are still too grounds for mutual agreement rather than dis- many who are either intellectually and tempera- agreement. _And above all, we must go about the mentally unsuited to such a task, or else are un- task in the spirit of brotherly affection.

Loved with a love so wonderful, redeemed at a cost so infinite, there is but one proof of our love that will suffice. Hereby perceive we the love of God, that "He laid down his life for us," that we accept and rest in; but the claim which grows out of that love, alas, we are slow to admit. "We ought to lay down our lives for the brethren." Of that we stop short. We accept the love of God, we accept the gift of salvation, but of the third great purpose of religion-a power in us for the conversion of the world-we are content to remain in untroubled ignorance. This is the great hindrance to Christianity-un-Christ-like Christians.-Mark Guy Pearse.

A New Deal for the

I-e( By PARDEE LOWE, Berkeley, California Iii- I.!======!.!

T HE proximity of the Orient, the paradox ex- tals of the Golden Gate upon a continent which isting in the traditional policy of friendli- only yesterday seemed to represent the American ness towards the Far East and its thoroughly "Promised Land" of economic exploitation, but hostile attitude toward the Orientals in the United which now appears to bode ill for humanity as the States, the absolute failure of the majority of Armageddon of the future. So anxious and wor- Americans (including the Government) to under- ried are the Americans about the situatioI1 in the stand the aspirations of those born of Asiatic Orient that they have totally ignored "the forblood but reared and educated as Americans-all gotten men and women" in their midst-a highly these factors tend to make mandatory the need selected group composed of the Orientals born in for what may in the popular term of the day be this country and whose connection with the land called "A New Deal" for the American-born Ori- of their birth may be traced as far back as the entals, particularly the Chinese. days of '49, and the winning of the West. What a paradox! For in this contradiction lies the seed The Chinese have been in the United States of much of the future trouble in the Pacific or the longer than other Orientals, have experienced the means of its eradication. worst phases of racial persecution, have suffered the longest period of segregation and exclusion The first fact which presents itself is that from normal social intercourse with their fellow America's present policy towards the Orient does citizens of non-Asiatic descent, and have passed not accord with her attitude towards Orientals through more complete stages of social transition, residing here. There exists an unbridgeable until today as a separate racial group, they are chasm between what America preaches and prays headed toward gradual but inevitable extinction. for in the Far East and what she practices to- wards her own Chinese citizens. Taken as a unit, Many have written at length about the prox- these two policies are highly contradictory, if not imity of the Orient and its relation to the United absurd. This reason alone would justify the de- States for weal or for woe. We must not lose mand for a "new deal." Permit me to outline the sight of the truth of their observations in this absurdities: terribly complicated and interrelated world. America is indissolubly bound to Asia by links 1. America encourages democracy and selfstronger than iron, and each passing day's events determination in China by means of the Open tends to bring the two continents closer together. Door Policy, the Nine-Power Washington Treaty, The waves of the Pacific that wash both conti- the Stimson-Hoover Doctrine of non-Recognition, nents carry upon their crest to China the modern not to mention loans of commodities and plenty of developments of American communication, her moral encouragement; yet, on the other hand, she newest inventions, her desire to dispose of her denies the right of naturalization to those Chinese excess goods and raw products-the result of a immigrants who have exhibited the highest quali- highly-geared, mass production industrial ma- fications for citizenship-namely, the courage to chinery and a lopsided agricultural economy-and, emigrate to a strange land, the ability to perform the poignant hope that her political doctrines will the most arduous tasks as roadbuilding and clear- be accepted and adopted by the Chinese nation as ing the wilderness, the manliness to withstand all a bulwark against the advance of the Bolshevism manner of physical persecution and mental intim- of Russia, and as a weapon to check the mili- idation of an alien race, and the intelligence and taristic aggressions of Japan. independence of spirit and self-determination to In return, the same waves bring to the United forsake old ties for a new and, for them, a de- States the backwash of all the aspirations of the sirable allegiance. To make matters worse, not multi-colored races of the East and the national- only are the privileges of naturalization denied istic animosities of countries newly infected with alien-born Chinese but even the natural rights of the Western virus of "Power and Powder." No the American-born have been constantly jeopard- American King Canute can stay the advance of ized by certain fraternal organizations and civic these waves. The masses of Americans, led by groups who have gone on record as opposing the an alert intelligentsia, look out through the por- granting to them the rights of citizenship.

[279 ]

2. An Open Door is insisted upon by the Ameri- them, because of their racial heritage, the provican Government in China, even though such in- sions of that sacred document do not apply. They sistence entails constant danger of serious friction are men and women without a country. They with Japan; yet, in practice, she denies to Ameri- can return to China but their upbringing and educan-born Chinese the right to enter the "Open- cation have so thoroughly de-Chinafied them that Door" into the realms of livelihood where they they are treated as Americans-and not as Chimay compete with their fellow-citizens of non- nese. If they remain in the United States, they Chinese descent without racial discrimination. must forego the rights of every citizen to a nor- This situation is deplorable. American employers mal family life, for there are not enough eligible refuse to hire American-born Chinese even though American-born Chinese women to provide them they may be grandchildren of Chinese immigrants with wives. In many of the Pacific coast states who aided in the development of the West. Labor they are prohibited from marrying outside of unions reject their membership. Business and their own race, even though they may be highly professional men bitterly oppose their entry into qualified to do so. Neither are they permitted by certain lines of economic activity. Excluded the Immigration Act of 1924 to return to China, from the American "Open Door" of economic op- marry one of their own race and bring her to portunity, some of the American-born Chinese re- America. Is it any wonder that the Americanvert to enterprises developed by their elders, such born Chinese are beginning to question with bitas laundries and chop suey restaurants, and im- terness the principles of American democracy mediately bring upon themselves the charges of with which they have been so thoroughly indoctri- "clannishness," "unassimilability," and "un- nated? American legislation and race prejudice Americanism." The remainder of the group face virtually deprive them of an economic livelihood, the alternative of either returning to China or of a normal home life, and complete citizenship. remaining in America as objects of charity or as workers on such public work projects as have Some Evil Fruit been sponsored by the CWA. This is the economic dilemma of the native-born Chinese: rejected by Slowly but surely the present short-sighted dis- America and useless to China, they represent men criminatory policy of the American Government without jobs as well as men without a country. towards the American-born Chinese is bearing evil fruit. Worried members of the group are Racial Discrimination already alienating themselves from the land of their birth and their affection. Like derelict ships, 3. America clings tenaciously to her privileges without any anchor, they are adrift. The shores of extraterritoriality in China because it gives to of America and the shores of China seem equally her citizens the personal advantages pertaining to hopeless to them. What a tragic waste, what a one who presumably shoulders in the Orient the pity! Born in America of Oriental parentage, White Man's Burden, which burden now assumes educated in the American public schools, gifted in the eyes of the Chinese the meretricious pro- with the moral and mental qualities of the West, portions of a common peddler's knapsack; yet, in anxious to improve relations between the land of her own land, she returns the favor and confers their birth and that of their forefathers, no other upon the Chinese the right to live in their own group in the Pacific Basin is better qualified to districts. But what a favor! Behind the velvet serve as the trained interpreters of the Occident glove proffering this gift is the iron hand of com- and the Orient. pulsion. There remains no choice for the Chinese, be he American or China-born, he must live with The nations of the Orient have not been slow in his family in the ghettoes established by the domi- expressing their appreciation of the value of the nant race by agreements between real estate American-educated Oriental. The government of operators or property owners. Few Chinese can China has always recognized the social value of live in any decent, healthy, self-respecting resi- these Western-trained Chinese, for the outstanddential neighborhood in any of the large centers ing leaders of her foreign service today are men, of population on the Pacific coast. like W. W. Yen, Wellington Koo, Alfred S. K. Sze, C. T. Wang, and the late Dr. C. C. Wu, who 4. In the public schools, the American-born received their training and education in the Chinese children are taught the fundamentals of United States. Even Japan, who has been so American citizenship. They learn so well that the quick to imitate America in the things of science lar.'-{ of their forefathers becomes a hazy myth. and industry but so slow in copying the latter's They recite the Declaration of Independence; method of diplomacy, is beginning to shift her they know the essential features of the Constitu- emphasis from the Japanese and European tion of the United States; they grow up to be trained diplomats to those American-trained. A case in point was the selection last year of a 100 % Americans-and then they find that for

A NEW DEAL FOR THE ORIENTALS

former California Japanese schoolboy and Uni- dices, already strong, will be fanned to a red-hot versity of Oregon graduate, Yosuke Matsuoka, to heat, and because modern methods of devastating the position of Japan's chief spokesman at Geneva warfare will unleash such forces of wholesale during the critical days preceding Japan's resig- destruction that it is easily conceivable that the nation from the League of Nations. very race of mankind may be wiped off the face of the earth. The greatest defect in the American Government's policy toward the Far East today is its CHINESE STUDENTS IN CALIF'ORNIA failure to understand the individual value of the American-born Chinese and the social benefit that There is at least one silver lining to this cloudwill accrue to the land of their birth if they are that is, the spiritual strength and moral courage sagaciously employed. A change today is manda- of the second and third generation Chinese in tory. The American policy in the Far East and America who are now entering into young manher treatment and attitude toward those Orientals hood and young womanhood. There are enough domiciled upon her shores must be brought to- of them who have been born and educated as gether in harmony. The right hand of one policy Americans, and who have experienced enough must not work at cross purposes with the left soul-satisfying friendships with members of the hand of the same policy. There can no longer Caucasian race, to counteract the general racial exist any unbridgeable chasm between the two prejudice and discrimination. They are the ones policies if America wishes to insure peace in the who are now striving to enterpret the best quali- Orient. ties of each racial group to the other in the face of insurmountable odds. Upon their eager shoul- How can the United States hope to understand ders falls the job of maintaining friendship in the the people of China who have never come to Pacific. Their task will not be impossible if the this country, if she cannot understand after 80 Christian Americans as a unit are willing to reyears of contact those few selected members of verse the traditional trend of Oriental race prejuthe Chinese race who immigrated to the shores of dice, are tolerant of the many mistakes made by America, who toiled amidst unbelievable hard- these unofficial ambassadors, are helpful in their ships, and who inured themselves to persecution efforts to aid the native-born Chinese to attain and discrimination in order to become thoroughly the full stature of their American citizenship, and Americanized? How can she expect to sympa- stand ever willing to encourage them in their thize with the aspirations of a race of people who hopes of attaining that eternal friendship between represent one quarter of the world's total popu- the East and the West. If the American-born lation and who must of necessity play a major Chinese receive such cooperation from their felrole in the affairs of the world, if she denies con- low citizens of non-Chinese ancestry, then Amersistently those same human aspirations to the ica may rest assured that they will do their part Chinese born and raised here? to further America's desire for a peaceful Pacific even as they sacrificed themselves and their for- The answer is obvious, "America cannot!" tunes in 1917-1918 to help America make the And, if she cannot understand, what lies before world safe for democracy. her in the Orient in the years to come? The misunderstandings in international relations between America and the countries of the Orient are still small in number and not insoluble. If given brilliant and wise statesmanship, they may yet be peacefully resolved. But suppose that America continues her discriminatory policy towards the resident Orientals. Suppose the latter are alienated or expatriated. Suppose (and this is no longer a supposition but an established fact) the economic relations increase between the two countries. Suppose, at the same time, China following American and Japanese example, establishes high protectionism at home and practices ruthless dumping abroad. Suppose all these events come to pass; then, there can be only one solution when controversies reach the breaking point-that is, war. But this war will be different from all others in that it will be on a racial basis. It will be the most cruel and inhuman war ever waged by mankind because racial preju-

Chuck, The Chinese

I By the REV. PHILIP F. PAYNE, D.D., San Francisco, California -~ Department oCf hMuriscshioinnartyheOUpe. rsa.tioAn., Presbyterian W ALKING up Grant Avenue from Market But no one called him Look Lai, because he had Street in San Francisco, one suddenly bought his immigration papers from another Chi- realizes that he has left the United States nese whose name was Gei Chuck. Consequently and has arrived in the heart of old Cathay. The in America he was Gei Chuck. roofs of the buildings curve upward at the eaves and corners, so as to make it impossible for any The depression had descended, and Chuck had stray devil or evil spirit to slide down the roof lost his position as cook in the restaurant. He and enter the house or shop below. The streets wandered from employment office to employment are narrow, although not quite so narrow as those office but there seemed to be a dozen cooks ap- plying for every opening. He had grown hungry in China. The houses and stores are packed and weak from his vain search for work. He tightly together, and many of the inhabitants live could not secure a position under any of the relief agencies or government projects, because the law plainly stated no alien could be employed with funds raised from taxes, sale of state or municipal bonds, or any public funds. His old employer had promised him work for the summer at a Christian Conference and had agreed to advance out of his next summer's wages $5 each month, from January until June. Chuck had carefully counted out his money for January, had paid his room rent and had $2 left.

It was now January twenty-ninth, and Chinese New Year had begun. Chuck had bought a loaf of bread every second day, since the first of Janu- ary. Each day he tried to sleep till noon. Then he arose, ate half a loaf of bread, drank plenty of water with it, and then put away the other half DRAGON IN CHINATOWN, CHASING THE DEMONS loaf for the next day. On rare occasions he was able to get a real Chinese meal at night by washin one or two room tenements, poorly lighted, ing dishes in a chop suey house.

On down Clay Street walked Chuck. He had a with little or no ventilation. Consequently tuber- couple of dimes left in his pocket to last him the culosis is the worst devil in every Chinese com- next two days. All of a sudden he heard Chinese munity. He does not slide down the curved roofs; music and the sound of many running and danche lives eternally in the dark homes and hovels. ing feet. He hurried along with the crowd. The But strange as it may seem, the Chinese dragon weird music was coming from Waverly Place, and and the Christian missions are working together in the center of a large crowd of Chinese stretched to drag him from his lair, and to set the Chinese the big paper dragon. Four Chinese men, clad in America free from his deadly clutches. only in their undershirts and trousers, crouched Down Clay Street, just above Grant Avenue, under the huge form of the dragon, their feet walked an old Chinese cook. He had long since dancing to the music and their heads and hands cut off his queue, that symbol of servitude made making the dragon go through queer contortions. compulsory by the Tartars nearly three hundred Crisp bills, ranging from one to twenty dollars years ago. He wore American-made trousers and dangled on strings from the windows up and shoes, but he still clung to the black alpaca jacket, down the street, for the dragon to swallow as he which, although Chinese, is not repulsive to the went through Chinatown, and thus chase the American people. His name was "Look Lai." devils away for another year.

[282 ] Gei Chuck hastily crowded up near the dragon. which are fighting tongs and are a menace to any He spoke to the man next to him. He knew the community. But forty of the tongs are family man well, for he had seen him many times at tongs, or brotherhoods. True, some Chinese still church on Stockton Street. smoke opium. We white men taught them how, and then through opium wars, compelled them to "What is the dragon going to do with the money buy the deadly drug. True, they do have public he collects this year?" asked Chuck. houses and slave girls. With the Chinese popu- lation in America chiefly pagan, this is not sur- "He is going to give it to the Chinese hospital prising. But as more of these men are becoming to help cure the many children of tuberculosis." Christian, the slave trade must die out. And the "Jesus He help sick children too. I hear that in your church. Chuck he give a little and help sick children. Because soon Chuck catchum Christianity. Jesus He good for China boy."

Chuck took the two dimes from his pocket. He held out one in his knotty old fingers. A hand reached out of the dragon's mouth and swallowed up the dime. Chuck walked away, mumbling to himself, "Jesus He help little children. Chuck he catchum Christianity pretty soon."

America has always looked on the Chinese either as a queer people with yellow skins and slanting eyes who wear strange clothes and do weird things, or as a plague like the locusts which swept into Egypt by the millions to devour the living of everyone.

But no one seems to have ever read in our papers about the Chinese Missionary Society, composed solely of Christian Chinese in America, which has built twenty-eight churches in South China. These churches now have a membership of four thousand four hundred and sixty-nine and raise an annual current expense budget of forty thousand dollars. This same Missionary Society has established seventeen schools where children may learn of Jesus Christ, the Friend of yellow as well as white people. In these South China schools, thirty-seven hundred Chinese boys and girls attend regularly.

Also, few people seem to realize that today China is choosing her leadershhip from the Chinese who are educated in the United States. These young men who are attending American universi- ties, will lead China tomorrow. They will determine the destinies of four hundred and twenty- seven millions of souls in the Far East. In our THE NEW AND BETTER CHINATOWN hands rests one of the greatest opportunities ever offered any people, in shaping the lives of these Chinese in America have many characteristics young people who come to us to learn how to that could well be copied by us, such as honesty, operate a nation and how to make a country suc- trustworthiness, generosity, loyalty – far outcessful and prosperous. It is a magnificent chal- weighing and outnumbering their faults. lenge. It is also an enormous responsibility.

The Chinese are returning to China these days. May we continue, then, to give of our prayers, Fifty years ago there were one hundred and our time, our money, that as China seems to forthirty-five thousand in America. Today there are get our lack of courtesy, our injustices, our unonly seventy-four thousand. Our Alien Land Christian laws, and these people from old Cathay Laws, our Exclusion Acts, our breaking of treat- return to their mother country, they may take ies, our persecutions, give them no great incentive back not alone our greed for gold, but much of to stay. the good we have to offer, the chiefest of which is Christ. True, the Chinese do organize tongs, nine of

Opportunity in

By VIRGINIA KADOIKE, San Francisco, California TODAY there are about seventy thousand in various churches. The first and the most suc- Japanese Americans in the United States cessful one organized under the leadership of Mr. who stand on the border line that separates Claude Estill in 1931 is the Monterey Junior Church. These English services, held entirely in the Orient from the Occident, their faces turned English with an American speaker, are controlled toward the newer culture with its freedom and by the young people. The Junior Church is not only promoting a deeper sense of reverence and individualism. faith in the hearts of the young people but is help- We who have spent our lives in close daily con- ing the parent church financially and spiritually, and has brought the old and the young people tact with the Western culture have not yet fully closer than ever before. It has helped to unite succeeded in promoting better understanding and the parents and their children in working toward amity between the two nationalities. While our one goal-"For Christ and the Church." Oriental characteristics bar us from becoming genuine Americans, yet sincere understanding be- The touch of older culture, with its charactertween the Japanese and the Americans is not an istics totally different from the new, has thus been impossible dream. Friendship-unselfish love- handed down to us by our parents, bringing new is too strong to be swayed by race prej udice. obstacles in the progress of the Japanese Ameri- cans. The meeting of two civilizations, one with The Japanese Town, as it is commonly called, its formal traditions and customs and the other existing in many cities quite independent of the with its independence, cannot exist without prosurrounding communities, is perhaps the root of ducing conflicts and problems. the obstacles which keep the Japanese from fully accepting American ideas and customs. These In adopting ourselves to our environment, we communities which have retained some of the realize better our worth in society. We are feelolder qualities show how difficult it is for the ing with a keener sense our mission as Japanese Japanese to change their national traits. Americans-the message of friendship which our lives must convey. Within the community itself, a definite line has been drawn between Buddhists and Christians. The Monterey Junior Church, in bringing be- Although Buddhism has been greatly modified in fore its second generation the various American its forms and teachings by the influence of Chris- speakers has brought about a closer contact with tianity, the two groups pursue their own courses, the American people and a deeper understandeach undisturbed by the other. ing between them.

English is the language of the rising genera- We find in the Christian religion a reality which passes all boundaries for in Christ there is no tion. Sunday Schools, church services, and the East nor West. Our skin may be yellow, our hair meetings of the various organizations are all held may be black but in Christ our hearts beat as in English. Still, one of the greatest handicaps one; a real unity of spirit and faith binds all in our relation with Americans is our inability to Christians together. Through the church, I beexpress ourselves. Although this obstacle is lieve, lasting friendship will be established. To slowly diminishing year by year, the Japanese us, America stands for standards and ideals, cul- Americans are facing a greater problem in speak- tural and moral values. It is the home of the ing and understanding their own language. To- second generation Japanese. Our greatest task day, there are approximately seventy Japanese is to imbibe the best from each of our two civililanguage schools in California in which attempts zations, from. yesterday and today, and to make a are being made to rectify both these defects. distinct contribution to American national life.

The difficulty in understanding the Japanese sermons led to the organization of young people's English services, which are now being encouraged If you want to follow Jesus Christ, you must be ready to follow Him to to the ends of the earth, for that is where He is going."-Robert E. Speer.

[284 ]

Second Generation

By the REV. FRANK HERRON SMITH, D.D., Berkeley, California Superintendent of the Pacific Japanese Mission, the Methodist Episcopal Church THE Japanese language is read from the right The highest birth-rate was in 1921, so that the to the left, and not from left to right, like largest group is now thirteen years of age. English, so that the back page of a Japanese newspaper corresponds to the front page of an What Are They Doing?

English paper. Now Japanese-Americans have No nationality represented in polyglot America come to occupy such an important place in the is making a greater sacrifice to educate their chil- Japanese community in America that all their dren than the Japanese. In spite of their very newspapers give at least their back page to the limited financial resources, they send their chilyoung people. This is printed in English and dren to school. These children make fine records would be the front page of an English paper. and some are on the honor rolls of almost every This is a good illustration of the extent to which high school on the Coast. Last year 173 were en- Japan and America are complementary. rolled at the University of California at Berkeley At the Easter season the English section of one and many more at the University of Southern of our three San Francisco Japanese newspapers California, the University of California at Los gave a picture of the activities of our average Angeles, the College of the Pacific, the University young Japanese-Americans. The Spartans, the of Washington and other institutions. Their stuchampion basketball team among the Japanese of dent life is usually happy, though there is some Southern California, were defeated 33 to 29, by social discrimination against them. In the larger the San Francisco Y. M. B. A. (Buddhist) Protos, schools they have societies and club-houses of their and are next to tackle the Y. M. C. A. Quintet, own. One of the basketball stars at Berkeley in Northern California champions. The J. A. A. U. recent years is Ted Ohashi who is respected and (a non-Christian Japanese Athletic Union) will liked by all. Nogami, a Sophomore, is on this climax its basketball season with an informal year's baseball squad. In wrestling and boxing, sport dance Saturday night at the Trianon Ball- also in swimming, they are very clever. The two room. R. Grigorio's eight-piece orchestra will largest and heaviest boys among all the high furnish the music. Special Easter programs were school football players in Portland in 1933 are announced for Oakland, San Jose, Fresno, Living- Japanese-Americans.

ston and Loomis. One thousand people attended After they graduate, life often becomes very a Japanese picnic at Marysville. Parlier Bud- difficult and many are thwarted in their ambidhists plan a Buddha Fete. Stockton second-gen- tions. It is especially unfortunate that many are eration American citizens hold an open forum compelled to enter the competition of business which is also attended by Walter Tsukamoto, a during these years of depression. The American lawyer, Dr. George Takahashi of Sacramento banks, companies, department-stores and other and Saburo Kido, a lawyer, T. Murayama, a news- business organizations will employ very few. The paper man, Dr. T. Hayashi, a dentist and S. large Japanese banks and shipping companies Togasaki, an importer, all from San Francisco. with branches in America do their bookkeeping These American-born sons and daughters of and an important share of their business in the Japanese immigrants are actively engaged in Japanese language which few Japanese-Amerimany phases of life. Of the total Japanese-Amer- cans master. They get a smattering of the lanicans some 50,000 are living in California, 9,000 guage of their fathers in the Language Schools in Washington, 2,000 in Oregon, 1,600 each in which are conducted in every large center of Jap- Utah and Colorado and 750 in Arizona. They anese population, but the hours of study, after the slightly outnumber their parents, the real Japa- regular school periods or on Saturday or Sunday, nese who came across the Pacific. While those are too few. Many young men are obliged to set from Japan proper are not allowed naturalization, up in business in a small way for themselves and the children born here are American citizens with will probably be grateful twenty-five years from all the rights, duties and privileges of citizenship. now that they were forced to be independent [285 ]

rather than employees of some firm where they skin. Not only are they patriotic Americans but could not exercise their own initiative. In Los they are politically minded. In 1930 the number Angeles alone, seven young lawyers, born in Ha- of those who could vote was estimated at 4,000.

waii but educated in America, are making a liv- Mr. Takimoto, the Secretary of the Japanese As- ing, and some young doctors, dentists, optome- sociation of America, estimates that fully 20,000 trists, pharmacists and preachers are securing a will have the franchise by the time of the next foothold. As surgeons and dentists these young presidential election and 50,000 by 1951. They people seem to have inherited the skill in the use are well informed and intelligent citizens. The of their hands which is making Japanese surgeons disabilities from which the group is suffering in famous. There are as yet no school teachers in our western states, and from such laws as the un- America though many have entered that profes- fair Oriental Exclusion Act are receiving careful sion in Hawaii. Twenty-three Japanese have po- study. Citizens' Leagues have already been or- sitions as professors in various American univer- ganized in the chief centers and a National Con- sities. With two exceptions these scholars are vention is held each year. The 1934 gathering Japanese-born. Within a few years they will be will convene from August 30 to September 3 in displaced by Japanese-Americans, as they use the magnificent Civic Center of San Francisco.

English so much more perfectly and many more Speakers will include Hiram Johnson, V. S. Mc- universities will be seeking experts in Oriental Clatchy, the leader of the exclusion movement, lore. Chester Rowell, Wm. Gibbs McAdoo and Paul Many young college men, who have prepared Scharrenberg. At Seattle, Clarence Arai, a young for other lines of work, are finding employment in lawyer, has been a local candidate for office so fruit, vegetable and flower markets, especially in that it is easily within the bounds of possibility Southern California. Some now feel that the that we may have a Japanese-American Congress- years they spent at university were wasted. In man from California by 1954. These young citi- such agricultural communities as Loomis, Florin, zens open their meetings by singing "America"

Livingston and Brawley, many young men are and repeat in concert the "Pledge of Allegiance" taking over the rich land developed by their fa- to the flag.

thers. Some, like Tom Matsumoto of Newcastle, Are They Religiously Inclined? are branching out for themselves. Few are de- spondent and almost no Japanese, either of the The partial census made by Dr. E. K. Strong first or second generation, are found on the char- of Stanford University, shows that 77% of the ity rolls of any county or city. It is said that 70% first generation declared themselves Buddhists of the crime of America is committed by the chil- and 18 % Christian. For many of them this dren of immigrants, mostly those from Southern means the kind of funeral they would prefer.

Europe, but few Japanese of either generation are Among the second generation young people only law-breakers. The Japanese population is one 39 % declared themselves Buddhists, while 52ro and five-sevenths per cent of that of the state of professed to be Christians and 9% reported no California but only five-sevenths of a per cent of affiliation. About 5,000 of the 68,000 real Japathat of San Quentin Penitentiary. No Japanese- nese in America belong to some Christian church, American has yet been committed to San Quentin, though there are a few in the Folsom State Prison. while approximately 20,000 are Buddhists and Like their parents, they are industrious, enter- 43,000 are practically without evidence of reliprising and self-respecting and we believe they gious faith. On the other hand, of the 70,000 will make their way in our economic world. Japanese-Americans, approximately 20,000 are affiliated with some Christian organization and Are They Japanese or American? as many more are under Buddhist influence. Many of the young people are compelled by their After eight years of most intimate association parents to attend Buddhist meetings but their with these young people I believe that they are comprehension of Buddhism is chiefly historical.

fully as American as the children of German or There were recently about 100 Buddhist priests Swedish immigrants, and their attitude toward working in America. There are no American Japan is much the same as that of the children of Buddhist leaders of character and ability and the European parents toward Europe. Because they Japanese leaders are, for the most part, priests have the black hair and slightly dark skin of their who have come from Japan and cannot use the ancestors it is difficult for many Americans to English language. One priest at Stockton is a realize this fact and they make no distinction be- Stanford graduate and several have studied at tween them and their parents. They are grow- the University of Southern California or at the ing taller because they follow American customs Pacific School of Religion. Their programs are and those who are indoors are becoming whiter of usually social and athletic with oratorical con-

THE SECOND GENERATION JAPANESE

tests and banquets and an occasional Buddhist Interdenominational Young People's Christian ceremony. This year the Buddhists are planning Conferences are held each autumn at Berkeley, a great excursion to Tokyo and as many as one Los Angeles, Seattle and Denver and are suphundred Japanese-Americans may go. Movies, ported by most of the Protestant groups. The dances, dinners and bazaars are being used to Berkeley Conference, which held its ninth session raise the money for the travel expense. in 1933, is the oldest and the model for the others. Last year it had 546 registered delegates with The Japanese-American Christians are fortu- 700 in attendance Saturday night and Sunday afnate in that they command the services and the ternoon. The young people themselves make all sympathy of the strongest American religious the arrangements and finance the whole underand educational leaders of all denominations on taking with a small registration fee and small the Coast and the programs at their conferences charges for food. Americans assist by furnishpresent the best talent. In the earlier stages the ing free lodging and breakfasts to many of the Japanese Sunday schools were largely conducted out of town delegates. These great fall conferby friendly Americans, but today this work is ences are supplemented by smaller regional concarried on almost entirely by the older Japanese ferences in the spring. young people themselves. In San Francisco the Methodist group is now supplying superintend- These Christian Conferences have done more to unify our Japanese-Americans and to mould their ents for both the Reformed and the Church of spirit than any other agency. The spirit of the Christ Sunday schools. James Hirano is super- group can be evaluated by the central themes of intendent at Oakland, Henry Yamamoto at Ala- some of the recent gatherings. "Jesus' Way All meda, Henry Takahashi at Berkeley, David Taka- the Way," "Send Out Thy Light," "Lord, Teach gishi at Loomis and so on throughout this field. Us to Pray," "Face to Face with the Living Each church has senior and junior Endeavor So- Christ"; and this year, "Go Ye Therefore," are cieties or Epworth Leagues, clubs for various age some of th~ mottoes reflecting the high ideals of groups, boy and girl scouts and other organiza- these leaders. There is no more consecrated, sactions found in an up-to-date American church. rificial, earnest, cultured group of young people In many of the larger churches an English wor- anywhere than these second-generation, J apaship service is held in the period between the nese-American Christians. Sunday school and the Japanese worship hour.

THE FAR-REACHING INFLUENCE OF WORK FOR ORIENTALS Two years ago Pastor Tsuda and I made a list of eighty-four pastors whom we have sent back to the Methodist Church in Japan, all wholly or partially trained in the Pacific Japanese Mission Conference. Recently, in addition to many laymen, we have been sending back an average of two pastors a year. Last year H. Arima, converted and trained in our field, returned home and was immediately appointed to the important church in Sapporo. All the general officers now employed by the Japan Methodist Church are the contribution of the Pacific Mission Conference.

Bishop Motozo Akazawa, the President of the Japanese Church Federation and the Chairman of "The Kingdom of God Movement" of which Kagawa is the chief evangelist, was converted at Honolulu through the efforts and prayers of H. Kihara, one of the early pastors who had himself been converted in San Francisco and became the greatest pioneer of the Japanese Church in Korea and Manchuria. Young Motozo Akazawa was sent to Hawaii to sell sake, but after his conversion he could not continue that business and so came on to California. He became student pastor at San Jose and received his early training in the College of the Pacific.

C. J. Tagashira, the Religious Work Director for Japan, was converted at Sacramento, educated at Berkeley, did his graduate work at Boston University, on a scholarship given him by the Board of Home Missions, and was called to Japan from a Methodist pastorate in Portland.

The Hon. Yosuke Matsuoka, one of Japan's leading statesmen and her representative at Geneva last year, is largely the product of mission work in America. After some time as a school boy in the Oakland Mission he was transferred to Portland where he was the Secretary of the little Japanese church. With the aid of friends he was able to graduate from the University of Oregon. Last year on his way home from Geneva, he was in Portland on Palm Sunday and preached the sermon in the Japanese Methodist Church there. He made the church a present of money to provide suitable rooms for the young people.

-FRANK HERRON SMITH.

Filipinos in

~-4&t By JOSE G. DESEO, Stockton, California j;.- . Pastor-Director of the Filipino House of Friendship ~=====l THE status of Filipinos in America has son why Filipino laborers come to America, is to caused consternation in the minds of many, improve themselves economically and then to re- especially among the Filipinos themselves. turn home to engage in business. This is accom- The general understanding is that Filipinos are plished by signing a contract for a period of two neither aliens nor citizens of the United States, to four years to work in the Hawaiian sugar plan- but are wards enjoying full privileges afforded to tations. Free transportation is offered and upon citizens with the exception of the right to vote arrival in Hawaii they are provided with free and hold public office. In some states, however, quarters. At the expiration of their contracts, the above does not hold true. California, for the laborers have accumulated a little fortune, example, considers the Filipinos as aliens and, but instead of returning to the homeland as origi- therefore, they are placed under the same cate- nally planned they set sail for the American main gory as other Orientals. Such a discrimination, land.

considering seriously the political relation of the The last reason is the exaggerated propaganda Philippines with the United States does not seem carried on by steamship companies throughout consistent with the simple principle of justice. the breadth and length of the Islands, picturing to It doesn't spell good political sense to classify as the young Filipinos that America is the eternal alien one who owes allegiance to the country. land of "milk and honey." It is needless to say California's highest Courts of Justice have even here that those who have come to America with gone to the extent of challenging the authenticity that state of mind find out that life is not as rosy of the Filipino racial origin, declaring that they as it has been described by the high-powered are not Malayans but Mongolians. Poor Filipinos, salesmanship methods of these steamship com- they even have to exchange ancestors in order to panies.

satisfy some American whims and humor. The Filipinos have a strong Roman Catholic There a.re in continental America approxi- background and have been drilled and indoctri- mately sixty-five thousand Filipinos, thirty-five nated into the rigid discipline of that church.

thousand of whom live along the Pacific Coast. Because of this experience at home they are gen- There are six major reasons for the presence of erally eager to accept a more liberal teaching that the large number of Filipinos in America. First, will give them a freerer avenue for self-expres- it is due to the fact that the Asiatic Emigration sion. In America, therefore, these Filipinos are Law does not take within its jurisdiction the Fili- more inclined to align themselves with the Prot- pinos. In spite of this fact other Asiatic groups, estant forces, and seek entrance into Christian such as the Chinese and the Japanese, outnumber churches that afford them more freedom in reli- them three to one. gious thinking and more social opportunities.

The second reason is the Filipino's love of the The desire for a larger human fellowship is so romance of adventure. It is the dream of every overwhelming that the tragedy comes when that high school boy in the Islands to sail the sea after intense desire is repulsed by the nonreciprocal at- graduation for America, the famed land of great titude of these whose friendship and comradeship opportunities for life improvement. the Filipinos covet. The once brilliant flame of The third reason is the educational advantages goodwill, that so characterizes the simple hearts offered by the colleges and universities and the of the Filipinos, thus becomes dull and an attitude fine opportunities for self-supporting students to of superficiality and skepticism toward things re- find remunerative part-time employment while ligious is developed.

attending school. The majority of the Filipino In other cases, there is a complete departure students in America obtained their education via from the church-a most unfortunate situation.

the kitchens of American homes and public res- The Filipinos must learn to overcome their sensi- taurants, factories, or shops, and in some cases tiveness and the Christian Americans must learn by clerking in government of private offices. to appreciate the Filipino's peculiar behavior.

Fourthly, and perhaps the most important rea- On the basis of these apparent differences they [288 ] must discover a common ground for interracial have not only organized a Filipino church but also understanding. This is a real challenge to the a community center that gives adequate ministry Christian Church, and to accomplish its purpose to the social, educational and religious needs of Christians must learn to bleed. Thus and only the Filipinos of that city. The members of its thus can the Church expect to maintain its highest board include some of the influential men and position as a sanctuary and refuge of truth and women of the Church. There is urgent need for justice and love and bring back to the fold of hu- such a general ministry on the Pacific Coast and man and divine fellowship those Filipinos. it will pay the Christian churches to follow suit.

In large cities in America, where a considerable In Stockton, California, the center of the largest number of Filipinos are found, some churches Filipino population, Dr. and Mrs. M. A. Rader have already awakened to the tremendous chal- who, for twenty-five years were missionaries in lenge that the Filipinos present in religious min- the Philippines, and Dr. N. A. Christensen, pastor istry. In spite of depleted budgets, added sacri- of the Central M. E. Church in that city, and othfices are being made to face the challenge and er interested Americans have established the some kinds of fellowships have been organized Filipino House of Friendship, a center which has for the purpose of Sunday worship. An American a strong social, educational and religious program with a real interest in Filipinos is generally to meet the immediate needs of the Filipinos. placed in advisory capacity to help in the admin- Such a friendly overture, on the part of the istration of such fellowships and in some cases a Church will not only regain the Filipinos to their Filipino pastor is obtained to pilot the movement. lost faith but will mean the development of a larger Christian fellowship and a new and deeper Chicago has gone one step further. The Prot- appreciation of interracial friendship. estant churches, through Church Federation, The Needs of the Filipinos By T. W. BUNDY, Seattle, Washington Director, Filipino Christian Fellowship T HE Filipino has come to America largely in Also to evangelize this great throng of Filipinos response to the demand for a cheap labor on who are constantly passing through the city. It the farms and in the salmon canneries of is composed of a fine group of consecrated young Alaska. One to two thousand are here for edu- people, young men and women of high Christian cational advantages and support themselves by ideals, most of whom are high school or college working as house-boys in American homes. students or graduates. Our local Fellowship, feeling its responsibility for the Filipinos every- During the summer Filipinos are found in where, is reaching out to other localities where nearly all the farming and fruit growing sections there are groups of Filipinos and is organizing of the Pacific Coast, while thousands go to the them into like groups. fish canneries. In the fall they return, to live in the so-called "housekeeping rooms" in the poorer, If this, and similar missionary work, follows the slum sections of our cities. In one corner is a gas course taken among the other Oriental groups, it plate on which they cook their food. Their neigh- will result in the establishment of Filipino :bors are the down-and-out whites, drunks, dope churches. Already they are marrying, and there fiends, prostitutes, the dregs of human society. are quite a number of Filipino children. More For entertainment they may go to the pool halls, adequate facilities are needed to reach the many .dance halls where white girls are their partners, who go to no church, Catholic or Protestant. gambling dens, or the cheap movies. Many of The First Methodist Church permits us the use these are run exclusively for their benefit. They of its facilities at certain hours. Some day we do not live in such an environment from choice, hope to have facilities that will allow us to carry but their economic condition compels it. on a seven.day a week program of a religious and social nature. Thus we are trying to lay the foun- The Filipino Christian Fellowship of Seattle dations for a permanent work to help those Filiwas organized in 1927 to minister to the Chris- pinos who will some day return to their homeland tian young people: to help them in their prob- to carry back with them the best that is to be lems; give assistance in securing work and in found in the Christian life of America. making the adjustment to the new life in this land.

Story of Chung Mei

By W. EARLE SMITH, San Francisco, California n .A CROSS the Bay from San Francisco, on a pression, made it impossible to proceed. For six tract of land facing the beautiful Golden years this large family of Chinese boys, and those Gate, stands the Chung Mei Home for caring for them, have cheerfully stayed on in the Chinese Boys of which the Rev. Charles R. Shep- old building in the midst of undesirable surroundherd is superintendent. This is the only institu- ings, and through their woodyard and concerts tion of its kind in America. It is unique in pur- have raised nearly $20,000.

BOYS WORKING AT CHUNG MEl HOME One of the approaches to the new bridge over San Francisco's famous Bay will be built right through the old Chung Mei property, and but little more than a year remains before the Chung Mei boys must find shelter elsewhere.

Since the founding of the Home in 1923 more than two hundred boys have found shelter be- neath its roof. A number have stayed over a pe- riod of years and are now giving splendid account of themselves elsewhere. More than a dozen are continuing their education in high school, and several are in college.

pose, in spirit and in history. Starting ten years ago with seven little boys, it now shelters more than sixty young sons of Cathay, ranging in age from three to seventeen years. Chung Mei Home is not an orphanage, a reform school or detention home. It undertakes to provide a Christian home, care and training for under-privileged Chinese boys-orphans, half-orphans, boys from needy, broken or unfit homes, and the so-called delinquent or problem boy; in fact, any Chinese boy who has not had a good start in life.

The history of this Home, though covering only ten short years, is full of romance. The idea of self-help is always held up before the boys. "We cannot expect others to help us," they are told, "unless we are willing to do our best to help ourselves." They have accepted this challenge and have put their shoulders to the wheel with en- The boys came back to visit and never fail to thusiasm. Before the Home was two years old express gratitude for what the Chung Mei Home its phenomenal success called for extensive en- has done for them. Eddie Tong, after graduation largement. The first $2,000 of the sum needed from high school, remained to render valuable for enlargement was raised by the boys them- help in the Home, continuing his work at the Uniselves. Two years later (in 1928) plans were made to move the work to a better location, and a splendid five-acre tract of land was bought in EI Cerrito, six miles north of the present location. The entire cost was raised by the boys through their musical performances, work in the woodyard and other activities. Plans were then started for a new building; but before the project could be versity of California and has now accepted a place launched the financial flurry, followed by the de- on the staff of one of the Baptist schools in China.

[290 ]

Indians in United

By the REV. THEODORE FIELDBRAVE, M.A., Berkeley, California An East Indian, Formerly with the American Baptist Home Mission Society O F ALL peoples the East Indians have the but their greatest number entered California-in least desire to emigrate beyond the seas. 1913. They are Sikhs and the Mohammedans Their love for home, their social and do- from the Panjab, North India. We all know more mestic customs, and some of their religious be- or less about Islam, its growth and power as a liefs stand in the way of a migratory instinct. world religion. Despite this fact, there are at present over two million Indians scattered over the world outside These Sikhs number about 2,000 on the Pacific of India. All Indian emigration is now either coast, and their religion is called "Sikhism." There very strictly regulated or defi- are over three million followers of this faith in nitely suspended. India. Guru (religious teacher) Nanak, the founder, was born The East Indians in North Mr. and Mrs. Fieldbrave in 1469 A. D., and so was a America may be divided into are the only Christian work~ contemporary of Martin Lufour groups: ers among the four thousand ther. He was a great religious 1. Farmers on the Pacific Coast East Indians in the United reformer who sought to recon- (about 3,000). States. He was born in Luck~ cile and reform both Islam and Hinduism. The general name 2. Students scattered through- now in a Christian home, his "Sikh," means "disciples" of out the country (about the one true God. Their holy 500). grandfather having been a book, "The Garanth Sahib," ("Mr. Book") is the size of our 3. Skilled workers, traders and Methodist minister and his Bible and they believe in it im- merchants of the Middle father a Presbyterian min~ West and East (about plicitly. Unlike the Hindus, 1,000) . ister, and is himself a Baptist. the Sikhs do not believe in thoascobme~~ caste, child marriage, or idol- 4. The Hindu Swamis and He came to America atry, neither do they practice Yogis (about 25 or 30). plete his studies and seclusion for women. come an American citizen. The Hindu (the word Hindu Their tenth Guru (teacher) in America stands for race and For fourteen years he worked not for religion) emigration to this country began sometime in successfully for his fellow countrymen as a missionary, and is now seeking to estab~ lish an Indian Christian ash~ 1905 when there was no immi- ram in America where Hindus Govind Singh, required them gration restriction to America. wi11learn to know and follow all to take a common family They came to both the Atlantic Christ. name, Singh, ("Lion"), typify- and the Pacific seaboards. ing their spiritual kinship and Those who entered from the their g e n u i n e brotherhood.

Atlantic coast were chiefly seafaring Mohamme- Hence, they are called "the Lions of the Panjab."

dans from Bengal. These men preferred factory A unique feature about the Sikhs is that wher- work to farming, and are now distributed over ever they are located in any large numbers they the big industrial centers of New York, Detroit, build a temple for themselves to worship. Their Chicago, Pittsburgh, Milwaukee, St. Louis and mother church, called "The Golden Temple," is 10- New Orleans. In Detroit, the Ford Company and cated at Amritsar, Panjab. Other temples, built the General Motors Corporation have engaged outside of India, are located in Hongkong, where hundreds of them at various types of factory there are over 2,000 Sikhs, and in Vancouver, work. Some Hindus took to trade in perfume and British Columbia, where they number about 1,500 incense, still others were employed in railway counting their women and children. They built shops, lumber yards, grocery stores, tailoring con- a temple at Stockton, California, many years ago, cerns, barber shops and restaurants. but in 1929 this was removed and they erected a The Hindus who entered through the Pacific more beautiful one in its place.

gateway came in large groups at various times, A singular fact is that in America almost the [291 ]

entire Hindu population is male, as the United Others were employed at "squat labor," where hundreds of Hindus work on the farms, orchards, States Government has never allowed, except in cotton fields. and vineyards throughout California.

very few cases, the families of the laboring men The agitation and anti-Asiatic feeling, and the discriminatory land laws enacted against the Orito enter. The Canadian Government has recently entals on the Pacific coast, were not primarily di- rected against the Hindus, largely because they permitted wives and children to join them if they form such a small group.

so desire. . The anti-alien land laws of 1910, 1913, 1917, 1923, and the famous Immigration Exclusion Act American missionaries, whose work is very of 1924, made all Orientals ineligible to American citizenship and the "Barred Zone Immigration strong in the Panjab, have been partly responsi- Act," of 1917 stopped Hindu labor immigration from India. Since that time on, the Indian farmble for the presence of Hindus on the Pacific ers and laborers have been reduced to common every-day laborers. Their present economic concoast. They were told that America was a Chris- dition is pitiable, and presents a challenge to Christian America, to be at least friendly and tian country, a rich and large country, and a free helpful to the sons of India who are like sheep without a shepherd. While America has the right country that offers opportunity to all. California not to grant citizenship to the Hindus as a race, it seems un-American and un-Christian to cancel MRS. FIELDBRAVE WITH TWO HINDU STUDENTS AND THE citizenship legally and in all good faith, granted PRIME MINISTER OF CASHMERE (ON A VISIT TO AMERICA) prior to the Exclusion Act.

was represented the best part of America, because The Exclusion Act of 1924 has also changed the it is like the Panjab in climate, products and in status of the students. It is estimated that during general aspect. Although the majority of Indians 1920 and 1923 nearly 500 students entered this on the coast have come directly from India, some country from India, and with the exception of a have come from Shanghai, Hongkong and Manila few who returned home these are still in the counwhere they had been working as watchmen, police- try, working or attending some school. Now stumen, or in military service. dents are admitted as "non-quota immigrants," must be over fifteen years of age, must attend a At first these men were hired as farm laborers, school, college, seminary or university approved and others were set to work on railroads. As by the Secretary of Labor, and must return home most of them were agriculturists in India, they after finishing his schooling in America. Facing naturally took to farming and some of them be- these regulations, they come in reduced numbers, came prosperous. It is estimated that in 1919 and young, full of life, hope and ambition, to get the 1920 nearly 2,500 acres of good farm lands were best, to make the best and to give the best. They owned in many parts of California by Hindus. stay only for a few years, but they are the future leaders of India.

What kind of impression do they take with them about our country, its religion, its civiliza- tion and its people? Not what they bring counts as much as what they take with them. What a challenge the students from India throw at us Christians! And so do the 3,000 Hindus in Cali- fornia.

They need "sympathy" and "friendliness" of Christian America; but sympathy without action is hypocrisy, and friendliness without service is worse. We shall never be able to claim China, Japan, India and the rest of the Orient for Christ, no matter how much money, nor how many men we send there, unless and until, we can show the "Orient" within our borders how to "live" for Christ.

The fourth group of the Hindus in America is made up of the Swamis and Yogis. There are

EAST INDIANS IN UNITED STATES

two sets of Swamis or Hindu religious teachers in Christian missionaries in the Orient while at the this country. The one group may be called the same time these Orientals who come to California foreign Hindu missionaries to America. These suffer from "race prejudice," our pet national Hindu preachers and teachers come, as our mis- sin. The imperative task of every true follower sionaries go to India, to preach and propagate of Christ is to evangelize the world. This includes Hindu thought and religion. They are supported by the "Ramakrishna Mission," which was estab- AT THE OLD SIKH TEMPLE, STOCKTON, CALIFORNIA lished by Swami Vivekananda after he had attended the Parliament of Religions in Chicago in the people of every color, clime and country. 1893. He was the first from India to offer "Ve- America, while busily engaged in the glorious dantism," a system of Hindu philosophy (Ve- task of saving the Orient for Christ, may lose her danta means the end of knowledge) in a most pal- own soul if the Christianity within her own boratable form for American consumption. America ders is not revitalized. has, indeed, proven a congenial soil for the nurture of this idealized Hinduism. Numerous ashrams have been built where educated American men and women go to hear these Swamis preach or teach. They also give lavishly to support their Hindu ministers.

The other group of Swamis may be termed "homemade," for they are the product of America and most of them have taken up this profession for what they can get out of it. They have discovered that Americans, especially women, are curious creatures and will "fall for" anything or anybody who looks odd or mysterious. Thus, Hinduism in America, with all its ramifications, is the response to the stimulus which is American.

A unique piece of Christian work has been carried on for fourteen years among the Hindus on the Pacific coast. The American Baptist Home Mission Society in 1919 appointed a Christian Hindu as the first missionary to the Hindus in America, and this unique work has been carried on by him and his cultured and consecrated Indian wife until May 1st, last year, when the Society was obliged to discontinue it for lack of funds. No Christian work in America is, perhaps, so difficult, and yet more unique and far reaching than this. Success is not measured by the number of converts counted or church edifices built. Millions of dollars are spent to support THE GOSPEL – MY ADVOCATE I -sinned. Then straightway, post haste, Satan flew Then quickly One rose up from God's right hand, Before the presence {)f the most high God Before Whose glory angels veil their eyes. And made a railing accusation there. He said: "This soul, this thing of clay and sod, He spoke: "Each jot and tittle of the law Has sinned. 'Tis true that he has named Thy name; Must be fulfilled; the guilty sinner dies! But I demand his death, for Thou hast said: But wait; his heinous guilt was all transferred The soul that sinneth, it shall die. Shall not T,o Me, and I have paid his penalty! Thy sentence be fulfilled? Is justice dead? Behold My side, My hands, My feet! One day Send now this wretched sinner to his doom; I was made sin for him, and died that he What other thing can righteous ruler do?" Might be presented guiltless at Thy throne!"

And so he did accuse me day and night, Then Satan fled away. Full well he knew And every word he spoke, 0 God, was true! That he could not prevail against such love, Since every word my dear Lord spoke is true!

MARTHA SNELL NICHOLSON, Wilmington, California.

Challenge of

-<tSf By EDWAR LEE, Berkeley, California Immigration Interpreter at Angel Island, California T HE great problem confronting the Chinese whether they will be an asset or a liability to the churches is one of bridging the gap between greater American community. In their minds the old and new generations of Chinese. The are staged great conflicts of cultures. The older solution lies in effecting an adjustment in organi- generation's contribution to America included the zations, and in better religious education. building of railroads, the cultivation of new lands Sixty or seventy years ago many missions were and furnishing men for domestic work. The new founded in order to convert some of the hordes generation is different. They inevitably adopt of Chinese immigrants that were coming to the the external mannerisms, sentiments and char- western coast. The difficulties must have been acteristics of Americans, while inwardly, as one great, especially in view of the fact that shortly student puts its, "The younger generation leads after the founding of these missions there ap- a truly double and romantic life of the East and peared the agitation for Chinese exclusion which the West. They study Chinese and speak Eng- engendered hostility and suspicion. In spite of lish, admire Confucius and adore Jesus, read Chi- the handicaps, the converts became a nucleus of nese literature and enjoy dancing to American a small but active Christian minority in the com- music; and they celebrate two new years." * munity. In those days, for a Chinese to become The Christian churches in Chinatown have a Christian was a daring adventure, but neverthe- fallen into evil days-evil in the sense that there less this minority group, alienated from the dom- is too much unholy and wasteful denominational inant group, busied themselves starting churches, competition and in that they are unalive to the missionary societies, and schools for the study of duty of serving the present age. The first weak- English. San Francisco, as a center of social and ness was due to rivalry on the part of missions religious life for the Chinese on the Pacific coast, trying to outdo each other in physical buildings likewise became the Jerusalem for the Christians. and on the part of the Chinese in directing most These missions steadily gained strength and char- of their efforts to missionary work in China with acter so that even the San Francisco earthquake no surplus energy left to look after interests in and fire (1906) which destroyed all of them, led America. The second weakness is due to their to building greater mission projects. backwardness and self-complacency which is Just as these missions reached the point of causing ossification of these once active and pro- greatest usefulness, the older or first generation gressive missions. They have failed to realize of Chinese in the United States was passing and that the preaching of other-worldliness and de- the first phase of the work came to an end. The pendence on emotionalism are no longer adequate work was no longer to win the mass of Chinese im- in winning the new generation. The old Chinese migrants, for immigration had fallen off. The old faith has practically long been forsaken and the group was looking out across the Pacific, longing temples are no longer active religious centers. The to return home. Toward that end they labored Christianity as practiced in most of the churches and spent their energy, accumulating money for of Chinatown, though it served the old genera- the trip home and in missionary efforts in the tion, is often unacceptable to the well educated homeland. Energy directed into that channel be- young Chinese. Here is the danger of the devel- came a strong factor in establishing Christian opment of a godless generation, without the old homes, churches, schools and hospitals in the moral and religious restraints and with no new Kwangtung Province from whence they had come. vital faith to take the place of what was dis- But unfortunately tbey did not think of the sec- carded. Precisely- here lies the challenge to ond phase of the work for with the coming of the Christian leadership to help revive these deterior- second generation, the nature of the mission work ating missions.

had changed, and, not being aware of the problem, In what way can these Chinese churches ef- no new technique has been evolved. The prob- fectively deal with the second generation and at lems of the second generation of Chinese in Amer- the same time satisfy the older generation? A ica is a study by itself. On them will depend • Ching-wah Lee on "Second-Generation Problems," 1922.

[294 ] program that is adequate must bridge the gap (bigger than necessary in most cases) now, in between the generation born in China and that time of depression, find themselves with white born and raised in America. To affect a renais- elephants on their hands. To lessen the evils of sance of these churches, they must be purged overlapping and wasteful competition, these from the spirit of formalism which is causing churches, with the cooperation of the Boards, their downfall. The young people, educated and should consolidate into two or three churches. trained no longer wish to follow their forebears in three-legged economic pursuits such as being One weak spot in the Chinatown churches is cooks or runners of chop-suey houses and laun- the preaching. The fact that the pulpits are ocdries. Many capable sons and daughters of cooks cupied by men of the older school results in worand laundrymen have attended universities, try- ship services offering no appeal to the younger ing to rise above their submerged economic status, generation. No attempt is made to give the servbut because of racial prejudices have not been ices proper spiritual atmosphere or to raise the able to reach a standard of living commensurate standard to a higher level. The sermons are as a with their ability. The problem therefore is not rule dry and unintelligent to young Chinese; the only that of saving souls but is also that of pre- prayers long and generally are made up of petisenting a Christian social message that will com- tions for favors instead of spiritual communion fort them and spur them on to higher things in with God. The same familiar hymns, sung from the midst of toils and conflicts. week to week and in both tongues simultaneously, also jar sensitive nerves. Is it any wonder that San Francisco's Chinatown, a community occu- those of the second generation, who attend church pying a small area, has seven Protestant go away bored and hungry? Furthermore, the teaching of the Bible, without interpreting it in churches,* and one Catholic church and center, the light of today, often causes them to reject it altogether. The preachers, often without any probesides Salvation Army, and branches of the fessional training or ability to stimulate, are Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. Denominational hardly qualified to lead any youth movement. pride or prejudice prevents one group from unit- They are apparently unmindful that each generaing with others or using the facilities of another tion must come to faith in the light of the best available knowledge of the day. One cannot put denomination.t Duplication is not only a tre- new wine into old skins lest they burst. Such is the plight of the churches in Chinatown. mendous waste of financial resources, but is also a great waste of intellectual resources in that the But despite their shortcomings, these Chinese division of enlightened leaders prevents the for- churches afford the best opportunities to young mation of a working majority within each church people for self-expression as well as for spiritual to plan progressive work. A few old members in and moral development. Therefore, a church that each church, strongly indoctrinated to love their will pioneer the work of the second generation particular denominations above social progress, and provide opportunities for their spiritual realiare stumblingblocks to the leaders trying to pro- zation will render a great service to Christ and mote church union. The Mission Boards that once to humanity. This is the problem and the chalvied with each other in building these churches lenge of Chinatown.

• Denominations represented are Baptist, Independent Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Cumberland Presbyterian.

t The Hip Wo School project, sponsored by Congregational, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches is the only notable exception.

METHODIST WORK AMONG THE JAPANESE IN AMERICA The Pacific Japanese Mission Conference has organized work at Mesa and Phoenix, Arizona; Denver, Pueblo and Las Animas, Colorado; Bakersfield, Berkeley, Florin, Perkins, Fresno, Selma, Reedley, Brawley, Livingston, Loomis, Marysville, Gridley, Los Angeles, Oak- land, Oxnard, Palo Alto, Mountain View, Riverside, Sacramento, San Francisco, Sunland, San Jose, Santa Maria, Vacaville, Fairfield, Winters, West Los Angeles, California; Seattle.

Spokane, Tacoma, Wapato, Washington; Hood River, Salem, Portland, Oregon. There are 32 organized churches. This work is cared for by 23 Japanese ministers, three Japanese-Ameri- can ministers and 6 Japanese-American assistants. There are also three Americans, besides the superintendent, partially or wholly supported by the Board of Home Missions. In addi- tion there are scores of volunteer helpers who receive no salaries. The churches at Oakland, Berkeley (United), Livingston, Seattle and Los Angeles are fully self-supporting. The sub- sidy to the others varies from $5 to $45 a month. In the past eight years the total member- ship has increased from 2,279 to 4,056 and the Church School enrolment has grown from 2,609 to 4,438. Self-support has increased from $31,713 to $65,338 in 1932 and in 1933 the total gifts amounted to $47,689. -FRANK HERRON SMITH.

Story of a Chinese

Huie Kin, the Boy Who Became the Founder of the First Chinese Church of New YQrk -4if By the REV. THEODORE F. SAVAGE, D.D., New York Executive Secretary of the Presbytery of New York No FABLED hero of a magician's tale ever them only fourteen, started out across the Pacific had a greater contrast between humble be- in a small sailing vessel. About two months later ginnings and an active life than did Huie three of them arrived in San Francisco, the oldest Kin, who came from China to America as a poor having died on the way.

lad; and whose ministry of eighty years came to Young Huie Kin's first job was as a house boy a close in January of this at $1.50 a week, and later he year. He first saw the light tried his hand as a farmer's in a little Chinese village of helper. He was fortunate in four lanes, fourteen houses, attracting the attention of and seventy souls—called the several Christian people who "Village of Perpetual Peace." saw in him real possibilities Later he became a dominant and assisted him to secure figure among his countrymen more education. The Rev.

in the greatest city of the new J ames Eells, pastor of the world; the founder of the First Presbyterian Church of Christian church which today Oakland, befriended the lad, bears his name; a beloved and soon after received him minister for nearly fifty years into m e m be r s hip in that in the rush and turmoil of church and put him to work New York City. Whether he in a mission Sunday school.

often sighed for that peace That conversion was genuine he seldom told his friends, and brought forth fruit many but he loved the memories of hundredfold. that simple agricultural life The young man was given with its strong family back- a college training and after ground. his graduation from Lane Theological Seminary a call As a youth Huie Kin was came to take charge of the given the opportunities of a simple education in thE: Chi- mission work among the Chi- nese classics, but perhaps an nese in New York City.

ambition was stirred within Thither he came in 1885 at him because of the name the age of thirty-one. The given him by his parents, THE REV. AND MRS. HUlE KIN mission had started in 1868 at which translated means "Light the Five Points Mission and of Scholarship." Tales of the outside world came in 1879 came under the general supervision of the occasionally to the village of Perpetual Peace. A Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. Huie neighbor knew someone who had once been in Kin took charge of the Chinese Sunday school Australia; later came tales of gold discoveries in of the University Place church, of which Dr.

a mythical land of California. Finally some of George Alexander was pastor. Thus began a life- the youths of the village became restive and four long friendship, which caused the Chinese Chris- of them, including young Huie Kin, then fourteen tians of New York to think of Dr. Alexander as years of age, announced their desire to come to their father in Christ. America. With rare foresight his father consented and mortgaged his farm for $30 to pay the Work among the Chinese had many encouragepassage. Then, in 1868 these four lads, two of ments and encountered many difficulties. It was conducted in one rented building after another [296 ] until in 1908, through a remarkable combination agreed to marry them, and all testified that no of circumstances a building was secured at 225 marriage seemed more truly blessed by Heaven. East 31st Street. It had been formerly occupied Mrs. Huie was as devoted to the Chinese work as by the East Side Republican Club and was ad- was her husband and became a true mother to the mirably adapted to the work, having, in addition Chinese of the city. Nine children came to bless to a large auditorium and basement for social them, and· their achievements are most imprespurposes,· a number of classrooms, and a whole sive. Here is their record:* floor which could be used to house young men recently arriving from China. Rev. Huie Kin Irving Van Arnam, B.S., New York University; Major had married a remarkable Christian woman and in Engineering Corps in the World War; formerly Depthe living quarters for the minister and his fam- uty Commissioner of New York State Highways; engiily were on the top floor. Two years later, in neer, New York City; married Miss Irene Gartland of 1910, the First Chinese Presbyterian Church was New York City; two children. organized. Harriet LoUise, B.A., Hunter College; married Mr. Through the ministry of this church Mr. Huie Fuliang Chang, Ph.B., M.F., Yale University, M.S.A. Kin has exerted an influence upon many of the University of Georgia, formerly Dean of Middle School of Chinese who have come to New York and upon the Yale-in-China, now Secretary for Rural Work, National life of China of far greater proportions than any Christian Council of China, Shanghai; five children. membership statistics can indicate. A list of those who have participated in the work reads Alice Ordainia, B.S., Teachers College, Columbia Unilike a Who's Who of modern China, including versity; married Mr. Y. C. James Yen, B.A. Yale, M.A. such men as Dr. Wong Chung Way, now a judge Princeton, D.Sc. St. John's University, Director of Mass at the Hague; Dr. C. T. Wong, formerly Minister Education Association, Tinghsien; five children. of Foreign Affairs of the Chinese Republic; Mr. James Yen, founder of the mass education move- Caroline Alida, B.S., M.A. Teachers College, Columbia; ment of China, and Mrs. Margaret Chan, Secre- married Rev. Y. Y. Tsu, Ph.D., Columbia, B.D. General tary of Lord Lytton's Commission to Manchuria, Theological Seminary, Secretary for Religious and Social who was for several years pianist in the New Work, Peiping Union Medical College; four children. York church. The founder of the Chinese Republic, Sun Yat-sen, as a young man, lived for Helen Pierson, B.A., Cornell; married Mr. Paul C. T. some months with Mr. Huie at the building on Kwei, B.A. Yale, M.A. Cornell, Ph.D. Princeton, Professor Ninth Street, and while he was there he worked of Physics at Central China University, Wuchang; three out many of his political ideas, and practically children. wrote there the draft of what later became the constitution of the Chinese Republic. Ruth Gorham, Wooster College; married Mr. Henry H. C. Chou, B.A. Oberlin, Ph.D. Columbia, Dean of the Mr. Huie not only was engaged in preaching College and Professor of Education at Yenching Univerand teaching, but devoted much of his time to sity, Peiping; three children. welcoming newcomers to America, giving them a hand of friendliness as they became adj usted to Dorothy Esther, B.A. Hunter College, M.A. Columbia, new conditions. He spent much of his time in Associate in Bacteriology, Peiping Union Medical College; caring for the sick and needy, and was a frequent married Dr. Amos Wong, M.D., St. John's and John Hopvisitor at the Presbyterian Hospital encouraging kins, Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese, who were too afraid of American ways, Peiping Union Medical College; one child. to seek medical assistance. Albert Van Arnam, B.S., C.E. College of the City of The Huie Family New York; engaged in engineering work, New York City; married Miss Janet Lockwood of Greenwich, Conn; one Not the least of the achievements of Mr. Huie child. has been the establishment of the Huie family. Not long after he came to New York a volunteer Arthur Kin, B.S. Lafayette College; engaged in pubworker appeared at his mission, Miss Louise Van lishing and printing, New Haven, Conn.; married Miss Arnam. True love seemed to know no racial bar- Isabel Lockwood of Greenwich, Conn.; one child. riers and these two came to Dr. Alexander to tell him of their desire to join their lives. He cau- Huie Kin's life was supremely happy and he tioned them and warned them, stating that back could look back upon a service in his chosen proof each there were thousands of years of abso- fession in which he not only attained distinlutely different traditions and cultures, and dif- guished recognition, but maintained the love and ficulties w.ould undoubtedly be in store for them; affection of all who knew him. He exerted a but, when their decision was unaltered, he finally blessed influence on an untold number of lives, and completed his days in peace, returning with his wife to the land of his birth, to be near his daugh- ters in his old age. At the end he thus attained the ambition which is that of every loyal Chinese and, among members of his family, slipped away peace- fully in his eightieth year. The members of his New York church immediately requested Presby- tery to change the name of the church to the "Huie Kin Memorial" that there might be a con- tinued reminder of his faithful ministry.

·These family statistics are taken from the Rev. Huie's "Reminis- cences" (1930).

Generation

By SUMILE MORISHITA ODA, J Berkeley, California 1)9- ~==============================~ I N THE public schools of America the second w/ould like to enjoy this recreation, which so generation Japanese children have been many of the young people do, they must go after praised for their good conduct and high scholastic standing. They are neat and clean. They ten o'clock at night. In some of the largest cities on the Pacific have caused little or no trouble by juvenile delin- Coast, Japanese cannot use the swimming pools quencies. of the Y. M. C. A. and some other places have They have every right of citizens, given by the the same rule. Constitution, yet because of their appearance, At the University of California, no Japanese can pay their registration fee until proof of their citizenship is established, before the University lawyer. If one is not born in California the fee is almost $50 more. This discrimination hurts.

They are forced to take military training at the University of California, but when they apply for training in the Naval Cadet corps, they are re- fused. The problem of renting or buying homes in the better sections of the city is another difficulty with which refined second generation Japanese are confronted. In Los Angeles, a splendid newly-wedded couple, the husband a professor in a university and his wife a graduate nurse, had to move five times in three months before they could find an apartment where the neighbors did not object.

In Walnut Grove and Florin, two country towns where there are many Japanese children, they are segregated into schools and so cannot learn to speak good English.

Another difficulty is that in most families the parents speak Japanese and the children Eng- lish. As a result parents and children can with difficulty talk over matters of personal impor- tance without the danger of misunderstanding on both sides.

Photograph ZOO;nea by Dr. Frank Herron 8111Jith Many exceptionally capable second generation YUKI KUWAHARA Japanese students have been trained in univer- Religious 'Vork Director at the Japanese Methodist Episcopal sities in engineering and architecture and other Church, Los Angles fields but they find no positions available in they very often confront serious difficulties. Ra- American firms. If, however, they overcome their cial discrimination is heart breaking for the Jap- natural timidity and develop their personality and anese are extremely sensitive and proud and their do better than the white Americans, there is a children are not without that quality. place for them.

A few examples of the discrimination which The second generation are, however, fortunate they have to overcome may be cited. in having the heritage of both Japan and Amer- Japanese are prohibited in some localities from ica. With this dual heritage, they have the re- seeking seats on the first floor in theatres. In sponsibility and privilege of working toward the Oakland they are not allowed on the skating rink bringing about of a better understanding between at "Rollerland" during regular hours. If they these two nations which border on the Pacific.

[298 ] Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,===============================,~, Of One Blood-Or Many? Between the various state- ginning two years ago with four mem- ments of things as they are and bers, now numbers 45. From that "Perhaps the greatest home the final declaration of the ideal group many from strong Buddhist mission fields in this country are for America lies a great field of hom€s have been baptized and are those which are markQd off by endeavor where every Christian earnestly seeking to win others. One the barriers of race. We have is under obligation to invest him- lad has won his father and mother learned to tunnel through moun- self to the limit of his strength and wants to train for Christian servtains and to bridge rivers. We and his means. With the possi- ice, as do others in the class. The have built roads across the des- ble exception of the Negroes, no- Japanese Woman's Home and a ert and by these roads mission- where is racial pre j u d ice church in Seattle with a membership aries have made their way to the stronger than in the American of 400, Sunday school enrolment of most distant points on our mis- attitude toward the Chinese and 500, and nine outstations are insionary frontier. We have pene- Japanese, against whose peace- cluded in the home mission program trated the regions most difficult able invasion we have erected of work among Japanese. – "Home of access in Alaska, where mis- our immigration barriers-and Mission Facts and Folks," Baptist sions are being served both by incidentally done much to para- Boazrd of Missionary Cooperation. boat and by airplane; but no one lyze missionary efforts in those has yet been able successfully to lands. By what Christian poli- The Place of Dramatizations cross the barriers of race."- cies can we ameliorate this atti- "God and the Census," by Robert tude toward Orientals in our Good Americanization plays McLean. home land? are effective in creating atmos- phere and the right attitude of "The race problem is a hu- The Department of Home Missions mind towards foreigners in our man problem. Until we think of known as Christian Americanization midst. Here are several which, all citizens as human beings, seeks, through a very simple organi- though not new, have stood the with human rights, human in- zation and almost no expenditure of test of time: terests, and human possibilities; money, to enlist church members in until we insist on equality of op- definite forms of neighborliness "America for Americans" (10 portunity, equality before the among the foreign-speaking people of cents) . law, equal sanitary provisions, their communities. The ideal is every equal protection of persons and church member a neighbor, as Jesus "Christ in America"-a pageant of property . . . until we become interpreted that word. Three of the Home Mission opportunity, with Chiconscious of a human brother- most common avenues of service are nese, Japanese and Hindu impersonahood and cease to exploit the teaching groups in homes, centers or tions prominent (15 cents). weak we are not even in sight of churches; helping any who desire to our goal."-Dr. J. L. Kesler, become citizens; just being a friend, "The Striking of America's Hour" Vanderbilt University, Nash- with all that word implies. There can -a pageant of Christian liberty, with ville. be no hard and fast rules by which to a ringing call to the higher patriotism go, for we are dealing with personali- and a challenge to American Chris- "Go to church?" said one Chi- ties, and each one is different, but in tianity (20 cents). nese laundryman. "Go to church, these intimate relationships, Christian China. No time to go to church, men and women have marvelous op- In "Christ in America" the Amelica. On Sunday Amelicans portunities to interpret democracy Chinese character says: come for clothes." and a vital Christian faith to neigh- bors, many of whom have come to I thought it would be easy to find America, America! America seeking the best it has to your Christ in America. Before I The shouts of war shall cease; give. left China I had known one of your The glory dawns! The day is come missionaries there whom I had ad- Of victory and peace! The Chinese Mission School in San mired. In this land I expected to find And now upon a larger plan Francisco is crowded to capacity. all women like her. . . . I entered We'll build the common good, Kindergarten and primary children, one of your great universities. At the The temple of the love of man, nearly all from non-Christian homes, first reception I attended, many talked The House of Brotherhood! learning day by day songs and stories to me of our queer manners and cus- of Jesus, carry them! home to father toms but no one spoke to me of Christ. and mother. Among the students are I thought they were waiting for me 50 young men most of whom come to ask to be taught, and so I said to from villages in China where the one of the teachers, "Tell me more name of Christ has never been heard. about Christ. I have heard only a … A Bible class in the Japanese little." Her face flushed and I saw that I had blundered. "We do not r Baptist church in Sacramento, be- speak of these things in a social gath- 299] ering," she answered. . . . She did not mention the subjectlagain."

The Japanese girl says to Co- lumbia, after commenting on the

loveliness of the western coast Grandmother (studying map): It is Using Missionary Magazines -rivaling that of her own land quite natural, little Etsubo, for -so that she concluded that all them to make Japan look small on We announced an afternoon joy would be hers in America: this map. It was made by the peo- with young people all around the ple of the black ships. Japan is world-looking at the fine things I expected to hear the name of made large on the Japanese maps they are doing, the way they are Jesus on every tongue. I thought it of the world. responding to challenges of would be easy to lead my brother to present-day needs. We had church in America, where I expected Girl: Who are the people of the black eight speakers from our own juto find all the people Christians; but ships? nior and senior societies, with a he has never heard the name of God member of the woman's society from American lips· except on the Grandmother: They are the red bar- as announcer and timekeeper. fruit farm, and then only with oaths barians who came uninvited to our The program was carefully and curses. Now he sneers and says, sacred land. They came in big planned, and every item of in- "The Americans send their religion black ships that moved without formation was taken from reacross the sea to us because they have sails. cent numbers of THE MISSIONno use for it themselves." ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Girl: I know; Ishi sings it to me: "America for Americans" is a They came from a land of darkness- Afte~ a ten-minute introducwholesome play of world friend- Giants with hooked nose like mountain tory talk, based on three articles ship and good will for boys and -"Students Facing God and girls, and while much shorter imp; Life," "Youth's Need of Christ," and simpler in presentation, has "Youth and Religion in Ameria forceful message. All three Giants with rough hair, loose and red; ca," in the May and July nummay be obtained from the Lit- They stole a prolIllise from our sacred bers of 1933, seven women folerature Headquarters of the lowed with interesting news United Lutheran Church, 723 master items of movements among the Muhlenberg Bldg., Phila., Pa. And danced with joy as they sailed youth in America, Japan, China, Korea, Burma and Europe. They "A Daughter of the Samurai" away told of the response young peo- To the distant land of darkness. ple are giving to the race-rela- This sketch is intended to in- tions problems; the evangelistic troduce and create interest in I wonder why they are called black bands of students who are tourthe book of the same name with ships? ing Burma, India and Korea; a view to its study or reading Grandmo·ther: Because far out on the the Christian Youth Movements later. Before the curtain goes waters they looked like clouds of of Norway, Bulgaria and Hunup, some one reads a brief intro- black smoke rolling nearer and gary; student Christian productory sketch explaining that nearer, and they had long black nouncements in German univerthe author, Etso Inajaki Sugi- guns that roared. The red barba- sities; student conferences in moto, is a teacher of Japanese rians cared nothing for beauty. the Latin quarters of Paris; language and history in Colum- They laughed at the Japanese boats, youths' responses to Sunday bia University and has written whose sails are made of rich brocade school missions and to national the story of her own childhood and their oars of carved wood in- missions. These facts and many in a Japanese home, her girlhood laid with coral and mother-of-pearl. others were put into as stirring in a mission school in Tokyo, her They talked like tradesmen and did five-minute talks as our society marriage to an American mer- not want to learn the hearts of the has ever listened to. Incidenchant, her brief but happy life in children of the gods. (Pause.) tally THE REVIEW found its way this country, her return to Ja- Girl: And after that? And after into homes it had never visited pan as a widow with two little that, Grandmother? before, and the marked articles girls and finally her triumphant Grandmother: The black ships and were not the only ones read with struggle to obtain permission to the red barbarians sailed away. interest. – Emmabelle D. Pierreturn to America to educate But they sailed back many times. son, Presbyterian Church, Upher daughters. The sketch makes They were always sailing, and now per Montclair, N. J. us acquainted with the author as the people of our sacred land also a little girl who is very much talk like tradesmen and no longer "Editing Missions," "The disturbed about her beloved Ja- are peaceful and content. Woman's Friend," or "Women pan and has taken her troubles Girl: Will they never be peaceful and and Missions," or whatever the to her Honorable Grandmother. content again? The honorable desired magazine may be, makes The grandmother enters and is teacher said that sailing ships a bright and profitable program seated, after which the little girl bring lands nearer to each other. and also a good setting for secomes in, bows low and is also Grandmother: Listen! Little Grand- curing subscriptions. The leader, seated. daughter, unless the red barbarians as the editor-in-chief, gives an and the children of the gods learn editorial taken from a recent Girl: Honorable Grandmother (point- each others' hearts, the ships may number of the publication (it ing to a large colored map of the sail and sail but the two lands will may be either bona fide or syn- world in a book), I have just never be nearer. thetic); then she announces the learned that our beloved land is only a few tiny islands in the great -Mary Brown, Downey Ave. world, and I am much, much Christian Church, Indian- troubled. apolis.

This little volume (price, $1.00) will not only enable its readers to see Americans as a native- born Japanese living in our land sees us but will go far toward- enabling us to "learn each oth- ers' hearts."

"The Orient Steps Out," by Mary Jenness, is also particu- larly valuable, being a new book for Vacation Church Schools, "for girls and boys and their teachers." (Cloth, $1.00.)

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

different features of a typical is- they are expected to visit and Bells of India (Higginbottom), cloth, sue, such as: the leading article; make arrangements to be with $1.50. Fleming H. Revell. a story; a poem; the devotional them on their regular meeting page; the news column; depart- days or at a special called meet- Ann of Ava (Hubbard), cloth, $1.00; mental features, etc., choosing ing, so that as nearly as possible paper, 75c. Missionary Education the brightest and best features the entire membership may be Movement. from several recent numbers. present to hear the message. This is also an excellent way to Results of the visitation are later Uganda's White Man of Work bring the magazine into action reported to the state secretary (Fahs) , cloth, $1.00; paper, 75c. instead of allowing it to lie un- the data obtained to be used to Missionary Education Movement. used from month to month, as increase, improve and intensify when daily papers and new nov- the missionary work of the de- The White Queen of Okoyong (Livels crowd it out. nomination. In this way litera- ingstone), $1.50. Doran. ture finds its way into the va- A Chain of Visits rious homes, missionary interest The Moffats (Hubbard), cloth, $1.00; is awakened or deepened and the paper, 75c. Missionary Education The every-member financial membership of all the societies Movement. canvass has become an accepted involved is to be increased as function in most churches of much as possible. For Juniors and Primary late years; but our Lutheran Children brethren conducted a visitation "The last public address of campaign with a different ob- Dwight W. Morrow," says the A China Shepherdess (Applegarth), ject and technique. They say: canvassers' instruction sheet, cloth, $1.75. Judson Press. "contained this statement: 'It is One of the greatest needS existing impossible that the difficulties Totem Tales (Crane) , cloth, $1.00. in our mdssionary organizations today which rest upon you can be any Fleming H. Revell. is a consciousness that we are part and greater than .the difficulties parcel of a great fellowship, linked which rested upon the noble men Junior Stewards of the Bible (Walup with other groups in like service and women who founded these lace), board, 75c. Fleming H. Reand with the same purpose for the one organizations with less adequate vell. cause-the spread of the Gospel. resources than you have, even Growing out of regret that there in this period of depression.' Off to China (Sweet), cloth, $1.00; should be any group, however small These words were not spoken paper, 75c. Friendship Press. or remote geographically from others, with reference to the work of which feels alone or discouraged, a our missionary organizations Windows into Alaska (Warner), plan has been proposed to have every but how applicable they are!" board, 75c. Friendship Press. adult organization in the land visited by some one not a member of that Not since the First Mission- Greatness Passing By (Hulda Niegroup-an ambassador bringing a ary sent out His disciples two by buhr) , cloth, $1.50. Scribner. message of friendliness and cheer … two has this plan of personal between Easter and the middle of visitation been improved upon as Additional books will be men- May. . . . We need to remind our- a Kingdom method. tioned later. selves that God's plan for realizing His purpose to share His Son with MISSIONARY READING A GOOD RECITATION the whole world has not changed. He FOR YOUNG PEOPLE has no other method for revealing His Was Tha.t Somebody You? Son than through the individual lives In line with the suggestions and personal efforts of His children. last month for missionary edu- Somebody made a monthly pledge You and I hasten or retard His pur- cation in the home, the following Testing his purse to utmost edge; pose and His plan as we give our- books are recommended as hav- Somebody paid it through the year, selves in devotion, service and sup- ing proved their merit and their Brightening the world with Christian port, or as we withhold such gifts. interest for youth: cheer. The volunteer vis ito r s- For the 'Teen Age Was that somebody you? doubtless carefully chosen with a view to fitness-are expected As It Looks to Young China (Hung), Somebody handed cheerfully in to prepare themselves in mind cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. Friend- Money to help God's cause to win. and heart for the task, familiar- ship Press. Somebody kept his promise to pay, izing themselves thoroughly with Writing his check on each scheduled material furnished as a guide to The Young Revolutionist (Buck) , their message so there may be cloth, $1.50; paper 75c. Mission- day. no sense of strain in delivering ary Education Move~nt. Was that somebody you? it. A letter is sent out to the president of each adult group The Boys' Life of Kit Carson (Sey- … … * … * … … … asking that he or she issue to the mour) ,,cloth, $2.00. Century Co. members of the group a call to Somebody's pledge was only a scrap, the observance of a special day One Girl's Influence (Speer), cloth, Paper that no value mayhap. of prayer for missions. Daily $1.00; paper, 75c. F. N. Andrews, Somebody's soul grew shriveled and intercession through the months Pub., Plainfield, N. J. of May and June is to be small; pledged. The visitors get into Girls Who Achieved (Kirkland), Failing, he grieved the Lord of all. personal touch with the groups cloth, $1.00. Harper Bros. Was that somebody you?

More Fireside Stories for Girls (Eg- Somebody let the year slip by, gleston), cloth, $1.25. Heedless of payments piling high. Somebody said, "No more delay; Quickly I'll settle that debt today." Was that somebody you?

– – – —An-onymous.

Jesus Christ, so full of life and love, is my closest Friend. His pierced hand is ever leading me on. He lives in the hearts of countless persons, transforming and ennobling their lives. And so with reverence I intro- duce to our eager, questing and strug- gling youth this Jesus whom I have come to know and love.-Kwan Hsi- pan, Canton Christian College, The Spirit of Missions.

'~I=================I~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK I ~'''''''''''''''''""~—–=-===—–=-=-========—–=-==—–=-=======I~ From tne New CMna. Simon Peter answered, Thou art Chinese seems very discourag- the Christ, the Son of the Living ing. About seven years ago there JESUS WASHES THE DISCIPLES' FEET God. John 13: 5-11 was in Greater New York a To make known the unique- total of fourteen Chinese Sun- Jesus said: This is my command- ness of the Way, the Truth and day schools, and of these three ment that ye love one another, even as the Life of Jesus is not the com- were missions with five regular I have loved you. plete story. His universality paid workers of which three needs equal consideration, espe- If ye know these things, blessed are cially in presenting Him to per- were ministers. In these Sunday ye if ye do them. sons who do not know Him, or schools there were about 600 or know Him only from hearsay. 700 already Christians. The To say to Orientals that the Everywhere we all are "set in average attendance was about Way of Jesus of Nazareth is families," and we can under- sixty per school. At the presunique is not enough. To be- stand the familiar or intimate ent time there are only eight lieve in Him as the very Son of ways and teachings, such as the God and Son of Man comes to washing of the disciples' feet, schools, three paid workers, one the persons and groups and peo- that is, we understand if we minister, and the school attendples who grow in the knowledge abide long enough with Him to ance averages about twenty-five of Him from year to year, as His win understanding. Most mis- at each. To make the picture teachings and life are tested by sionaries learn early in their complete, formerly there were the everyday experiences of liv- work that if the Truth and Life ing. To come to know Jesus as of Jesus are without hindrance also the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. Lord and Saviour of Life is the and with patience presented in C. A. and the kindergarten for fruitage of true discipleship. a whole-hearted and whole- children. The Y. M. C. A. was But who say ye that I am? And minded way, He is understood dissolved seven or eight years and loved for His own sake by ago, while the latter two stopped intellectual and simple-minded last year. At a glance the Chi- alike. nese Christian work does seem Jesus belongs to the Orientals degressive. Let us trace some and other "strangers" in our causes for this degression. midst as much as to Americans. The old Holiness Code, which A few years after the World was part of the heritage of War, business in general was Jesus, recorded: "The stranger that sojourneth with you shall very active and the Chinese res- be unto you as the home-born taurants in New York were do- among you, and thou shalt love ing their share, thereby attract- him as thyself; for ye were so- ing many Chinese to this city to journers in the land of Egypt: work. With the depression I am Jehovah your God." hardship came to many and the Chinese are no exception. In Chinese Christian Missions in 1924 the passage of certain im- New York City migration bills put an iron door By K. C. YEUNG against many would-be Oriental newcomers to America. The so- Pastor, Huie Kin Memorial Presby- called anti-Christian movement terian Church, New York in China in 1922, the depression, and the opening of private Eng- In this period of world-wide lish classes during the last three economic depression the Chris- or four years by individuals to tian work among the New York earn a living, give some light as [302 ] to the decrease of the number of Chinese in New York and corre- spondingly also the Christian work. In these times of depres- sion with the high cost of living,

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

many were forced to return to generously contributed toward stripes overhead, I was taught China. Christian mission work in China to sing of the "land of the free Notwithstanding the condi- will reserve part of their fund and the home of the brave." For tions we are in today, we should for use for Chinese Christian all alike, this El Dorado of the not be discouraged; Chinese work in New York. New World was held out as a Christians who are with us now land of practically limitless op- are not discouraged. Take for portunity.

example in our church, the mem- Books and teachers alone are bers bear $700 extra in addition not responsible for my illusions.

to the regular expense during The entire world today finds in the year. The Chinese Chris- Hollywood a most prolific source tian Union of Greater New of "information." Its products, York, which was disbanded sev- exported abroad in ever increas- eral years ago, was reestablished ing quantities, are for some peo- in 1933. Chen Woo, who was a ple the only means through laundryman, started a mission which they acquire their "knowl- when he went back to China. It edge" of America.

now has 180 scholars and an at- Other purveyors of American tendance of approximately 300 enlightenment there are, besides.

for service. Some members of At home, I came in contact with the Trust God Mission went back missionaries, business men, army to China and started missions. and navy people, tourists and Two other members of our others. Each group presents a church sent funds home to sup- different portrait of American port Mass Education for Adults. life.

These signs are encouraging and When, therefore, I landed on fruitful. these shores, I had in my mind a As I see it, the Chinese Chris- rather complex, uncertain pic- tian work needs some kind of a ture. That it needed consider- "new deal" in order to keep able retouching in many places, abreast with the time. Jesus I soon found out.

the fisherman knows that to fish In the realm of human rela- He must go to the streams where tions, there is perhaps no place there are fishes. He should have MRS. P. C. OUYUGAN in the world where a wider and the necessary equipment as well Jottings from a Foreign Stu- more successful experiment has as Himself, the fisherman. In been tried than in the United dent's Experiences and New York Chinatown are lo- States. This nation has truly Observations cated most of the Chinese busi- been a fruitful laboratory for the ness houses and on Sundays, By ESPERANZA ABELLERA testing of the Christian principle Chinese from neighboring com- regarding the essential equality munities invariably flock to CUYUGAN of all peoples and the oneness of Chinatown-a very good stream the human family. From the Mrs. P. C. Cuyugan is President of the Filipino Women's Club or New York. Mr. beginning it was destined to be and Mrs. Cuyugan were trained for Chris- so. True, the melting-pot has for fishing. , tian leadership by missionaries in the Philip- never really melted, and perhaps will never melt. The test, never- .In general the Chinese in New pines. Both have been students at Columbia theless, has not proved to be University. They are leaders in the Fili- a failure. York as well as in other parts of pino church of Brooklyn. Absorbed in his own affairs, this country are different from Countries and peoples are th'e rugged American individualwhat they used to be. Their never exactly as they are pic- ist shut himself up in a shell of thinking mind is different. They tured in books. They are not have had better education than even: as painted on canvas. Cer- isolation. What need did he have their parents. They have seen tainly they are not as portrayed how aggression is being applied on the screen. This I find to be upon China. New York China- true, at least in my own experitown is not the proper place to ences. My conclusions are a re- to know the others around him? receive this new generation of sult of some seven years of ob- He forced upon himself a dan- Chinese. "Fishing equipment" servation in America. gerous provincialism.

in the form of a church with As a girl in Philippine schools, What could these foreigners Y. M. C. A. activities near run in the English (United want except to take away from Chinatown, it seems to me, States American) manner and him much of the fruits of his lawould be the most ideal means tradition, I had my illusions bors, undermine his hard-earned to serve the present needs. about America. Through his- prosperity, and drive him to a Before concluding I wish to tory and literature, I learned low standard of living? At first express the hope that some of much about these great United it just did not occur to him that the American friends who so States. With the Stars-and- the student, the business man,

the artisan, came not only to gone I have found individuals Personal Problems of Foreign take but also to give. He was and groups who, because of a Students in America oblivious of the fact that these surprisingly appalling lack of Except from article by Joseph same foreigners were his collab- knowledge of the Islands and the Van Vleck, Jr.

orators in building up the ma- people, have consistently op- The foreign student in Amerterial prosperity he now enjoys. ica is a phenomenon as old as posed our emancipation from the our oldest colleges, but it is only Instances of racial discrimina- United States. I have found, during the past twenty-five years tion are numerous. It is a mat- too, that these people, when that his great significance for ter of common knowledge that properly informed about us and certain minority groups suffer our nat ion a 1 aspiration, are international education has been more from this than others. nearly always in favor of Philip- truly recognized.

Metropolitan centers are ex- pine freedom. . . . But there Beginning with the twentieth cellent schools in the study of are evidences that the American century the number of students race relations. -New York City, people as a whole are becoming coming from Oriental lands despite its cosmopolitanism and more world-minded, a happy steadily increased until during its democratic atmosphere, is 1917 to 1922 the maximum an- augury for the future, to be sure.

one outstanding example, partic- Helping to counteract these nual enrolment in the United ularly in the sense that the so- misunderstandings, which arise States was approximately 2,000 called equality of opportunity from a general lack of knowl- Japanese, 2,500 Chinese, and does not truly exist for all races. edge of my country, has been one 1,800 Filipinos. of my great opportunities since The post-war period saw a Exclusion laws against cer- coming to this wonderful land. significant immigration of Eurotain races are found in the statutes of a number of states. The I am a proud and grateful pean students to America, espefederal government itself is no beneficiary of many American cially from France, Russia and exception. They all have the institutions. The memory and Germany. The total enrolment possession of all these I count – of foreign students in the United same basis: racial discrimina- among my choicest blessings. States last year was a little over tion. It is a wonder that the relations of this country with In reciting the foregoing ex- 8,000; judging from census rethose nations is as friendly as periences and observations, I do turns already received from 50 not feel that I should offer any per cent of the colleges and uniit is. Few things can be as unpleas- apology for any undue emphasis versities, the total this year ant to one whose complexion is I may have given the various (1933) will not exceed 7,500. They represent one hundred difother than white as experiences points illustrated. I will say, ferent countries and are pursuone frequently undergoes look- ing a great variety of studies; ing around in search of a room however, that in writing the ar- a majority still continues in arts or apartment. As is customary, "ads" are inserted in the news- ticle I never for one moment and letters; in the professional papers and the "vacancy" sign course, engineering, agriculture, prominently displayed. These thought of discrediting America notwithstanding, the bell is and her institutions. Rather, it medicine, and education lead in nearly always answered with: popularity in the order named. is my purpose to bring out the "The place has just been let out," It would be difficult to exag- "I rented the room just now," fact that, like any other nation, gerate the vital meaning of stu- "The rent is so much" (an amount double or treble the ac- America is a nation of human dent migrations to the cause of tual price is usually quoted), or, m u t u a I understanding and "We take only white people in beings; that, therefore, she friendship. In the Orient today here." Otherwise, without as American-trained nationals are much as a word, following a should be so understood and ap- dominant in the spread of Westquick, scrutinizing look from ern ideas of education, public praised by those who, like me, health, recreation, and social the landlady or superintendent, welfare. Similarly, foreign stuthe door is slammed in one's might have the privilege of sharface. dents in America have inter- ing in her life at its best-in preted to us the life and prob- Illustrative of the fact that those things that it has to offer lems of their people; with the ignorance is largely responsible for the enrichment of mankind. utmost frankness they are point- I am, in other words, pleading for amity and understanding ing out the weaknesses and among the peoples of the world. I want to see a wider and fuller application of the teachings of the Great Master of men who said: for a great deal of misunder- "Now are they members, yet blunders of our civilization in its standing between nations is the but one body. That there should impact on the rest of the world. attitude that again and again I be no schism in the body; but If world-unity and peace are have observed among all classes that the members should have ever to be realized we may count of Americans toward, for in- the same care for another. And on the foreign student as an instance, my country. For nearly whether one member suffer, all dispensable factor in the attainfour decades the Philippines the members suffer with it; one ment of such a goal. have been under American sov- member honored, all the mem- For further information, consult Commitereignty. Yet everywhere I have bers reioice with it." tee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students, 347 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.

AMERICA tion to inner circles of the White largest Protestant church

House and Capitol. Men, wom- earth. It is the Abyssinian Student Religion en, laymen and ministers signed church, which has a membership and asked to be permitted to take of more than 11,000 and recently In regard to the religious sit- the covenant to others. celebrated its 125th anniversary. uation on American college campuses The Christian Century The movement has grown -Watchman-Examiner. says: "Whatever happens to the quietly, yet rapidly, until it is nature of college students' belief now known as The Christian Sixtieth Anniversary of the percentage of church mem- Crusade, with an office in Wash- Rescue Work bership holds up well during col- ington. This is the simple but lege years. Fifty-five per cent of vital covenant: Donaldina Cameron and her graduate students claim church rescue of Chinese slave girls inmembership as compared with Believing Jesus Christ to be the spired a celebration at the fa- 60 per cent of freshmen. A only Lord and Saviour and Supreme mous Home in San Francisco on study of the responses of the Revealer of God-Father of us all-I May 3. Miss Cameron's biog- 2,789 college students who once promise henceforth during this year rapher prepared the manuscript attended religious services but to live a simple, sincere, active Chris- for a dramatic presentation in had ceased to do so, reveals that tian life, realizing with God's help the First Presbyterian Church 54 per cent stopped before ar- fellowship with Christ, and to encour- on May 4, entitled "Pictured riving at college. Thirty-seven age others in a league of daily prayer; Years." A Chinatown banquet per cent stopped because their and I will endeavor each day to read sponsored by the young people interest was not held by the ac- and meditate upon the Holy Scrip- was a part of the celebration tivities of the churches, and 33 tures, and at least once a week make honoring the 60th anniversary per cent because they did not be- a personal effort to encourage or draw of the beginning of this work. lieve the things that were taught s·omeone nearer to Christ. Miss Cameron has been active there." during more than half this pe- Many Feeble Churches riod, and is commonly credited These facts are drawn from with having rescued 1,500 girls. 7,500 questionnaires returned "There are at least 85,000 from the 15,000 distributed in feeble churches in the United Gangdom Strength the twelve institutions. Since 90 States which are unable to supper cent of students questioned port the full-time services of In a statement before the have retained their belief in God, either a trained or an untrained United States Senate Judiciary and 60 per cent "considered minister," says the Institute for Committee, Attorney – General themselves religious" it appears Social and Religious Research. Cummings said that the armed that the dropping away from "The data indicate that a church forces of gangdom outnumber church membership and attend- must have about 350 members in the 200,000 men in the army and ance does not meaD loss of be- order adequately to support a navy. He estimates that the lief in God. well-trained minister. Only 12 armament of crime, in revolvers, or 13 per cent of Protestant machine guns, and sawed-off Leaders Read the Signs churches meet this demand." shotguns, exceeds the total arms equipment of America's soldiers Forty professional men, real- The report further states that and sailors.-Alliance Weekly. izing the serious condition in our there are in Protestant pastornational life and believing there ates as many trained ministers Student Gospel Teams must be a changed attitude to- as there are churches that can ward God and His program for support them. This means that The Moody Bible Institute in the country, have covenanted to- there is a large oversupply of Chicago has revived the practice gether in a league of prayer and untrained men-40,000 to 50,000 of putting out student gospel personal work. Their own expe- of them in 1930. This serves to teams, and during the spring rerience became marvelous, revolu- perpetuate the number of feeble cess five or six such teams visittionary, and their lives more and inadequate churches and ed Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, effective. This small circle soon keeps the level of the ministry Wisconsin, Iowa and Missouri. grew to thousands. It ran into "about equal to the wages of This activity was in addition to all walks of life and carried the semi-skilled workers." regular church, mission and vismessage for spiritual regenera- iting work by students in and -The World Call.

Largest Protestant Church A Negro Baptist church in New York City claims to be the [305 ]

around Chicago. Each group Facts About Hispaniola Kom, situated not far from the consisted of a speaker, a vocalist, archeological site of Chichen It- In Hispaniola (the new name za. In this village all practical an instrumentalist, and in some for Haiti) education is in gen- activities are closely associated cases vocal groups. As many as with magical and religious ob- eral in the hands of the Roman servances. These, in turn, are seventy-five churches or pastors Catholic Church. French teach- curiously compounded of simpliwelcomed the idea as a move- ing Orders have it in charge. fied Christian rituals and the ment that would revive commu- The great mass of the population pagan religion practised by annities, and promote the saving cient temple – building Mayas. of souls. The Institute hopes to is unschooled and must be so, for Superstitious remnants of the enlarge the scope of the work there is scant opportunity to be past are inextricably mingled during the summer and, if pos- anything else. The Episcopal with modern ideas and ways. sible, to make it a permanent Church has twelve day schools, Peru's Bible Convention feature of student training. with 1,100 pupils, but this is in a population of 2,500,000, 85 per The annual Bible Convention and Synod of the Iglesia Evan- Living Epistles cent of the number being illit- gelica Peruana (Peruvian Evan- erate. gelical Church) was held last year at an altitude of 15,000 feet, An American Christian went Rev. George L. Richardson, in Morococha, one of the best known mining centers of Peru. into a Chinese restaurant in To- D.D., R e c tor of All Saints' Here is one of the strongest ronto to eat his lunch and en- Church, Peterborough, N. H., groups of believers in the whole of Peru, who have been the gaged the Chinese waiter in con- made a four-day visit to the means of spreading the Gospel throughout this region. Many versation. Happening to have a island, and reports: serranos come in search of work in the mines and find light fc;>r copy of the Gospel of John pub- It is the largest of our foreign mis- their souls; they, in turn, belished by the Scripture Distribu- sions in point of baptized members; come Gospel bearers as they re- turn to their pueblos. tion League, he passed it on to The work is so well established in the favor of the government that the At this Convention, the Christhe Chinese waiter with the re- . Bishop was recently awarded a deco- tians, with some hundred and quest that he read it. The man ration in recognition of eminent serv- fifty others, forty of whom were official delegates from nearly as accepted it with thanks and read ices rendered to the people of the many congregations, filled the the cover aloud,which states- Republic; Government School Hall, loaned The President and his Cabinet still by the municipality. It was ap- "His Triumph, The Greatest further testified their appreciation of parent that these workers had Conflict in History"-as evi- our Church's work by attending offi- come to realize fully their re- sponsibility for the expansion, dence he could read English. He cially the Thanksgiving Day service government and support of their promised to read the booklet and of 1933; Church. Toward this goal new The clergy serve for stipends of steps were taken, one of the most asked the customer if he went to from $40 to $60 a month (now subject important b~ing the appointment Sunday school. Receiving a re- to ten per cent reduction) and minis- of a Synod Board formed by na- tionals only, who will look after ply in the affirmative he seemed ter to three or four stations apiece; the advancement of the Gospel in pleased and brought in the soup. and this section of their country, Hispaniola in spite of the poverty of with as little financial help as Before that course was finished its people paid in full its missionary possible from foreign sources. he was back at his elbow, and in quota last year. -The Neglected Continent. his broken English again in- -The Living Church. Peru's Youth Movement quired if he went to Sunday A band of young men and school, as though he had not The Maya Civilization women in Peru, called the heard aright. When he was told "Apra" has all the glamor of a yes, with reproach in his voice, In the Smithsonian Institution crusade. Their leader, Haya de he said: "But you did not say at Washington is an exhibition la Torre, for fifteen years has of Maya fabrics and tools of fought to weld together the youth your grace." and the disinherited of the land -Evangelical Christian. present-day manufacture – ob- for the purification and the re- jects which probably do not dif- LATIN AMERICA fer essentially from those of 500 Mexican Women's Auxiliary years ago. The collection shows that the culture of the modern An entire issue of El Heraldo, Mayas has deteriorated very lita Mexican church paper, is de- tle during the centuries since voted to the Mexican Women's their greatness, and that they Auxiliary. This Protestant Epis- are not to be thought of as a discopal organization has commit- appearing remnant of a once- tees on religious education, so- great people. They are today in cial service, supply work and the a curious process of evolution, press, all of which report work passing from old tribal customs and plans. The paper has an ar- through man y intermediate ticle on the Auxiliary as a force stages into a state resembling in deepening religious life, and cosmopolitan civilization. Yet another on definite plans for the some of the tribal groups are coming year. Two points are still in the most primitive stage. stressed: to propagate the faith A community about halfway and to give money. between these stages is Chan

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

demption of their country. Back gelical believers representing all estant weekly, gives in every isof the movement is a purpose bra n c h e s of the Christian sue a list of the Sunday services profoundly religious. Haya was Church, and bearing testimony held in Paris. A late issue has educated in a Presbyterian to "The Holy Scriptures as the the address of no less than fiftyschool, and while he could hard- fully inspired and wholly trust- nine Reformed Churches with ly be classed as orthodox, he worthy revelation of God to the names of the pastors and the owes much to the things learned men," and to the great evangel- hours of service; twenty-four in that school. Catholics, Prot- ical doctrines. Lutheran churches; thirteen estants and non-believers work The Fellowship, in planning Methodist and Baptist centers of together in the Apra. There is a their Conference in London last worship; in addition there are willingness to sacrifice; a sense month, sent out the following of- twelve mission centers of the of mission and destiny. ficial call: Salvation Army and other evan- The Apristas propose to re- The undersigned believe that in our gelizing agencies, and ten places make the social and economic day a Testimony to the Holy Scrip- for Reunions de Priere. In addilife of Peru, safeguarding the tures is urgently needed, which shall tion Protestant services are con- aim to recall the world's attention to ducted in the German, English, rights of the lowliest Indian, and the Bible and seek to reestablish Armenian, Danish, Dutch, Hunassuring the finest privileges of among all people a reverent regard the nation to all alike. The Apra claims to number among its con- for the Book as being the Message of garian, Swedish, Russian and stituents fully eighty per cent of Rumanian languages. God to men. , the population of Peru, and its -The Presbyterian. bitterest opponents do not deny We feel that such work will lead to that today Apra could easily win a new and sustained interest in the Finnish Mission Society any fair election. Barring un- Bible, and to such a great response to The seventy-fifth anniversary foreseen accidents, Haya de la of the Finnish Mission Society its Message as shall result in spiritual has just been celebrated. The blessing and moral uplift both to the individual and to the nations.

The Bible Testimony Fellowship is therefore calling a Conference from Torre may be the next president which will go forth a clear and power- -Advance. ful call to the world to return to that origin of the society runs along of Peru. reverence for the Bible, which shall lines similar to that of the mis- result in earnest reading, belief in its sions of the neighboring Scandi- EUROPE saving claims and obedience to its in- navian countries, and is closely Clearing Away Slums valuable teaching. connected with the awakening England is resolved to get rid -So S. Times. which swept over Finland in 1830 and the years following. of its slums. Plans already pro- Wesleyan Mission, London About that time two pastors who visionally accepted by the government provide for the demoli- No city mission has so varied represented separate viewpoints tion of 266,851 unfit houses, and so numerous agencies as the in regard to matters of converinhabited by 1,240,182 people, London Mission of English Wes- sion and a prominent layman beand for the building of 285,189 new houses to replace those de- leyans. There are eighty-six cen- came acquainted with Dr. Jo- molished; and it is anticipated ters where mission work is being hannes Gossner, who himself that the program will be further extended. The capital cost is es- carried on in poor and crowded was destined later to lay the timated at £165,000,000, equivalent to an annual payment of sections, areas where once state- foundation of a great mission in £3,100,000 by the government ly mansions have now become India.

and of £1,070,000 by the local sordid tenements. One of the When the 700th anniversary authorities concerned. Manches- ministries is a "Cripples Guild" ; of the introduction of Christianter proposes to clear 15,000 slum dwellings, and Liverpool, 11,000. another, rest centers for unem- ity in Finland was observed in Leeds has the largest program, ployed. It was fou,nd tha~ men the churches, the government involving 30,000 houses. The came each mormng wIthout. granted permission to raise an government proposes to introduce a further Housing Bill this breakfast in order to leave what offering for missions in all of the fall, giving local authorities new powers to acquire, compulsorily, little food their cupboards held churches. At last the time was property for reconditioning. for wives and children. Accord- ripe to found a missionary ,so- -The Advance. ingly, 50,000. breakfasts were ciety and, with the cooperation served to chIldren, and thou- of men who are famous in their san~s sent with their mothers to country, the Senate authorized seaSIde or country. the founding of such a society There is also a rescue work for on Jan. 19, 1859. girls, led by a ~oman. 80 years It took ten years before the of. age; there IS med~cal work first Christians could be baptized WIth five doctors, two dIspensers, -but in 1920 a mass movement and nurses 'working ful~ time. World Wide Bible Testimony -So S. Ttmes. began and in the year before 474 people were baptized. In The Fraternal Union for Bible Protestant Strength in Paris 1932 the number of accessions Testimony, which later became amounted to 2,106. In the first The Bible Testimony Fellowship, Paris has Protestant Sunday 50 years the members were 4,- was organized in London in service in 138 places. Le Chris- 798 but in the last report there 1923. This is a union of evan- tianisme an XX Siecle, a Prot- were more than 28,000. The 80-

ciety has 16 stations with 198 Greece, Rumania, Yugoslavia are spending their days in fields preaching points, 50 ordained and Bulgaria. All have endured or factories, laboring to provide missionaries, together with 284 centuries of Turkish oppression, daily necessities. This lessens native workers. yet have preserved their nation- their pastoral and pulpit effec- al and religious life. Now, as a tiveness, and prevents extension The society has extended its result of the rapid penetration of work in surrounding territory. work to Hunan province, China, Western secularized civilization, organized in 1902. There are 4 and new conditions created by . -The Macedonian Call. main stations with 34 additional political and social changes, they points. The ·number of Chris- are all experiencing transition AFRICA tians is 1,800. The society also and readjustment. Under Turkcarries on a mission among the ish rule, missionary zeal was al- Five Converts to Islam Jews in Bukowina. most entirely annihilated among Balkan Christians, whose inter- The following item appeared Paganism in Germany ests were so thoroughly concen- in a recent issue of an Arabic trated upon national liberation newspaper published in Cairo: While some nationalists in that the life of the Church be- "Five C h r is t ian Egyptians Germany are seeking to restore came almost completely identi- (whose names are listed) went old Teuton pagan worship, Sir fied by them with the life of the to the Shareia Court of Shebim Philip Gibbs believes that the nation, to the detriment of the el Kom and announced their conmajority of Germans are hostile universal character of the Chris- version to Islam. The proper to the attempt by Dr. Alfred tian message. But the great pro- legal steps were taken and their Rosenberg to reinstate the old portion of the people remained names changed." German gods. Protestant and faithful to 0 r tho d 0 x y, al- Catholic churches are said to be though communism and anti- "Religious liberty" is guarancrowded as never before, and Sir religious sentiment began to teed in Egypt's Constitution, but Philip believes that any frontal penetrate after the War. The it works only one way-liberty attack on religion in Germany Brotherhood of St. Paul distrib- for Christians to become Moswill be a most dangerous policy utes religious literature, organ- lems. Last summer when it was for the Nazis, and will lead them izes conferences, retreats and discovered that influences were to the precipice. schools, gives special attention to being brought by missionaries to young people. A new organiza- convert a Moslem girl to Chris- A Wholesome Requirement tion, "The Mission of the Greek tianity, the whole country was in Church," makes its main object an uproar which lasted four A law which might spare us to counteract communist propa- months.-Hermann A. Lum. much anxiety and trouble is in ganda.-The Living Church. effect in Bulgaria. No child who Training for Baptism attends school in the grammar Along Polish-Russian Border grades or high school may see a Young African tribesmen are picture unless accompanied by For almost a quarter of a cen- not admitted to the Church in parents, except when a picture tury efforts have been put forth Liberia without careful training. proves to be of historical or lit- to evangelize and train in Chris- A class of forty "hearers" was erary value. Then the Ministry tian doctrines the people along recently formed, to be under of Education approves the pic- the Polish – Russian b 0 r d e r. regular instruction for a year ture and it is advertised that Against every sort of difficulty before they are made catechuschool children of certain ages and opposition this labor has mens, and another period of may attend. If a child is seen in prospered, until there has re- training before they are bapany picture house without his sulted an indigenous Church of tized. parent, and the picture has not Christ ministering to native peobeen approved by the Ministry ple in their own tongue. It is A simple and dignified ritual of Education, that child's con- organized as the Union of in keeping with native customs duct grade may be lowered one Churches of Christ and has the marks their admission as hearor more points. If it is lowered official recognition of the Polish ers, the earliest stage. The quesbut one point the student is government. Dr. K. J. Jarosze- tions they are asked are these, barred from entering the Uni- wicz is president of the Union. translated into two languages: versity at Sofia. However, this It already has over 200 estabpoint may be regained before lished mission churches and ov~r What do you want? (The answer, graduation from high school by 300 ministers, missionaries and I want God's cross.) good behavior. volunteer workers engaged in its activities. In normal times the Will you promise to keep God's -Christian Advocate. Union could be self-supporting laws? and carryon its own extension The Greek Church in Balkans program, but the membership is Will you promise not to use pagan having a struggle even to exist. charms? The Orthodox Church in the Many of the best missionaries Balkans consists of four self- Will you promise not to use divinagoverning churches, those of tion, nor to obey a diviner?

Will you promise not to sacrifice to spirits, and if others sacrifice meat, will you promise not to eat that meat?

Will you promise to have one wife only (or husband), to be faithful, and not to follow any other?

Will you promise to pray to God every day, to come to church on Sun- day, and to come when they call you to hear God's word?

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Expansion in Nigeria bility rests almost wholly on Af- to read in church, how to pre- rican chiefs, and natives who pare and preach a sermon, and The Sudan United Mission appreciate what is being done. how to look after the church and opened four new stations in Ni- church compound from a sanigeria last year. It has now 40 Training classes are held annual- tary point of view. Every evestations reaching 50 tribes. A lyon a forty-acre site given by ning the lay readers were renotable feature of its work is quired to talk personally to the the increased share taken by the Accra chiefs to the Scout Asso- people of Aviara on the Chrispeople themselves, making itin- ciation four years ago. A month- tian life; and at week-ends they erations on their own account ly magazine is published. went to village churches of the district, preaching, doing per- -The Church Overseas. sonal visiting and holding serv- ices. -C. M. S. Outlook. and building churches. That at A Century in Basutoland Forum holds some 500 people. Seeing Things as They Are In the last seven years 46 new The Paris Missionary Society Baptist missionary Charles E. Smith, from the newest Baptist stations have been opened. The is celebrating 100 years' work in station, Kikongo, makes the situ- ation vivid by comparison: Bishop of the Niger reports that Basutoland, its oldest field. In "What would you say to havin 1932 the church contributions 1933 the number of baptisms in- ing only two pastors for Massa- chusetts, Rhode Island and Conrose from £43,689 to £50,082. creased to 3,000. The average for necticut; or eight pastors for each of the states of Michigan, Communicants increased from former years was about 2,000. Illinois and Wisconsin; or but twenty for the whole of Califor- 17,350 to 19,450, but paid work- During the last ten years Roman nia? Supposethat there were no paved roads, no automobiles, but ers dropped from 1,645 to 1,582. Catholics have increased by 205,- just narrow winding paths; then suppose that each of these pas- He deplores that the great bulk 000. Three hundred and fifty tors had not only to look after the interest of the churches in of the people are still pagan and new mission stations have been these areas, but the educational work as well, including the suthat many of the Christians opened among the natives with pervision of 203 outpost schools; and the feeding, clothing and inshow little zeal in evangelistic 40 churches for the Europeans. struction of 280 central school pupils, to say nothing of the conwork. The presence in South Africa of struction and repair of buildings and the upkeep of property. Sup- There is a movement toward a large Indian population-some pose, in addition, the wife of one of these pastors was responsible unity in Nigeria. One step in have come to Natal under a sys- for the health of the station family of 487 people (workmen, this direction was the formation tem of indentured labor, and school children and all) and thousands of others within a of the "United Mission of South- have not been repatriated as had radius of six days' journey."

ern Provinces" in 1929. originally been intended; others -Watchman-Examiner.

are "Bombay traders" (mostly Villagers Ask for a Missionary One Hundredfold Mohammedans) who are to be A few years ago four men from an African village walked Mrs. M. L. Hack of the Amer- found in many towns and vil- eighty miles through the bush to the nearest mission station to ican Board tells of a Chindau lages – has created a special ask if their village, too, might have a missionary. They had girl who was sold three times by problem. . been sent as a deputation by their chief and the people of her heathen father. Then she ran The people of South Africa their village; they humbly prof- fered their request, then walked away, walking 200 miles to Mt. are looking for a name for them- the eighty miles home again. Until recently this request has Silinda School, East Africa. She selves. "African" is an inaccu- had to remain unfulfilled. At the became the first girl teacher in rate designation, since it calls a an out-station school; she broke part by the name of the whole.

native superstitions and under- The term "Bantu," though it went the first major operation m~a~s merely "t~e people," is performed in her part of the I gammg the ~eld. m mtepectual ccaomunetrsyh·~ when the depression groups lainndgusiCsIteicntIdfiecssitgund~Iteis?,nanodf volunteered to keep on is the teaching "God's work" without the language of the maJorIty of pay. She has now taken into her t~e peoples of larger ~out? Afhome a two year old motherless rIca. – World Evangel2zatwn..

child to bring up, and she faces Isoko's Lay Readers a second serious operation.

-American Board News. A group of lay readers has Boy Scouts on Gold Coast been commissioned by the bishop in the Isoko country, to conduct The Boy Scout Movement has services, exercise pastoral over- made remarkable progress on sight, and hold classes in and for the Gold Coast. There are now their churches.. There are now 32 Scout centers and over 3,000 between fifty and sixty of these officers and scouts. More impor- men doing effective work. Rev.

tant than the numbers is the J. W. Hubbard has given them a spread of the Scout spirit, and short training course in the Old the enthusiasm with w h i c h and New Testaments, the use of young Africans lead their troops. the Isoko Prayer Book, and sim- Very few Europeans have any ple doctrine based on the Apos- part in the work; the responsi- tles' Creed. It also included how

conference of Moravian Missions the packed human cargo was tical action, planning finance, at Tabora last fall a plan was worked out for the beginning hurried off to Arabia for sale dioceses and adjustments of orand maintenance of outstations in three places, with a start to- and dispersal over the face of ganizations, but it should be reward a fourth. The cost of each new place will be about £20 for the desert." membered that this is the first the first year, and a smaller sum for each following year. INDIA union between episcopal and -Moravian Missions. nonepiscopal churches which has WESTERN ASIA United Evangelism ever been planned, and that in many lands people are watching In the Holy Land Madras has for the first time and discussing it, for the reper- witnessed the united efforts of Palestine has twenty – three the Indian Church in evangel- cussions of such a union will be Protestant missionary organiza- ism. During the week of Janu- felt in every Protestant church. tions, with a number of inde- ary 7-14 a program, prayerfully In view of the .diversity of trapendent forces in addition. Ro- planned for months in advance, ditions, a union may require man Catholic work is chiefly was put into effect, e. g., to bring years of cautious consideration. among Armenians, Abyssinians, Copts, Nestorians and Jacobites. a Christian greeting into every Indian Revisers of Bible The whole number of mission- home in Madras by a personal aries is 232. In Jerusalem, with Indian Christians are taking a population of 90,407, there are visit; to distribute to each home an increasing share in translasixteen missionary societies with a tract or pamphlet suitable to 105 missionaries, making one the standard of the people; and tions of the Bible into their own missionary for 861 persons. language. The chief reviser, and The r e are fifty Protestant to invite to, and to conduct, spe- most of the group which preschools with 4,281 pupils. Spir- cial meetings with lantern slides, pared a recent revision of the itual work leading to Christian lyrical preaching and lectures in conversions is extremely diffi- public halls and reading rooms. Bible in Urdu were Indians. The cult. The Moslems number 73 revisers of the version in Gujaper cent of the population, and This work was divided among rati are mostly those dealing the Jews 17 per cent. Any Mos- four local groups. Volunteer with their mother tongue; their lem becoming a Christian loses his family, social, political and workers came forward from all leader, Himmatal, is connected business standing. There are the churches. In order to meet with the Irish Presbyterian Missaid to be only twenty – five the special needs of non-Chris- sion Press. In Marathi, Rao Baknown Moslem converts in all tian students, a professor pre- Palestine. pared a special salutation and hadur Athavle has published an independent translation of the Slavery Today 7,000 copies of this were circu- New Testament which has won lated among college students in much praise. Pandita Ramabai The Nautical Magazine for the city. The press was also last December describes a mod- used. Articles appeared in The had made an earlier version in ern slaveship seen crossing the Madras Mail and The Hindu the same tongue. The Bible in Red Sea in August. "A fast and during that week. Christian or-· Nepali is chiefly due to the late beautiful dhow making the ganizations like the Y. M. C. A. Rev. Ganga Prashad Pradhan of crossing from Africa to Arabia had some accident to her hal- and S. C. A. also had their part the Church of Scotland Mission liards, which brought down the to play, and cooperated with the who spent most of his long life mainsail. A liner came along- churches. From reports of vari- upon this great work. side, and the officers had the op- ous groups a hearty welcome portunity of seeing a thing -World Evangelization. usually hidden by the darkness of night-a modern slave-ship was accorded the plan. Many Uplift for Outcasts fully loaded. There appeared to be between two and three hun- were found eager to receive the An interesting development is dred Negroes seated in rows on message. in the number of Hindu agencies benches on the dhow with their ankles fastened to the flooring. Church Union Lags which are working for the uplift of the outcastes. Two eclectic "The liner's wireless sent out . Negotiations for the union of groups-the Brahmo Samaj and the news of the slaver's location to the Red Sea guard ship; the Anglican and free churches in the Ramakrishna Mission, which dhow repaired its halyards and South India which started in try to combine what they believe 1919 are being continued, but to be good in Hinduism, Islam progress is slow. The joint com- and Christianity-are taking ac- mittee of representatives official- tive measures to provide schools ly appointed by the Anglican for the depressed classes. The Church, the United Church of Brahmo Samaj is carrying on South India and the Methodist nearly 500 schools of different Church met in Madras last Feb- grades, and the Ramakrishna ruary, to consider the modifica- Mission has some 90 centers in tions suggested in the scheme of all parts of India in which it is union by the central bodies of undertaking social and religious the three negotiating churches. work. The large and influential There is impatience in some Arya Samaj, with nearly a mil- quarters that the committee has lion members, has placed the re- not yet got down to more prac- moval of untouchability among

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

its main objectives. The Hindu were drilling a policeman arrest- Why Names Are Changed Mission began work in 1925 defi- ed him. He supposed he would nitely with the aim of stemrn.ing be treated as Sadhu Sundar Much confusion as to names of the tide of conversions to Chris- Singh had been, but was re- mission stations has naturally tianity among outcaste and abo- leased. In each place visited, he arisen when Lanchow became riginal peoples. distributes tracts and Gospels. Kaolan, Hanchung became Nan- cheng, and Hangchow became In contrast with this construc- "Preach the Lord Jesus" Hanghsien, to mention only a .tive work is the "Self-Respect few of the changes. The expla- Movement," which is largely de- The Hyderabad District of the nation is, however, simple. After structive. It condemns the social Methodist Church reports the and religious evils of Hinduism, following advance for 1933 : the establishment of the Repuband by scorn and satire endeav- Over 1,400 young men joined in lic in 1911 it was decided to ors to undermine them. The an evangelistic campaign to 690 abolish the old system of admincaste system, child marriage, the villages. Caste people w ere istration by which certain cities power of the Brahmans, and the greatly impressed by the bold called "fu" and "chow" had juoppression of the untouchables, witness of these outcaste youths. risdiction over a number of other are abuses which the movement Adults received into the Chris- cities which were designated desires to banish from Indian tian Church numbered 1,981. A life.-The Church Overseas. baptized Christian community "hsien," and to reduce them all to one level as "hsien," or coun- ties. Thus it became an anomaly Gandhi Warns Missionaries has grown to 89,882 in 55 years to designate the "fu" and the since the Mission was started in "chow" by names which recalled Mahatma Gandhi is reported 1879. Caste inquirers pleaded: their fallen grandeur. Fortuby the Free Press of Bombay as "Sirs, preach the Lord Jesus. We saying: "I believe in the equal- never get tired of Him. The nately, all these cities had also a ity of all the great religions of more we hear of Him the more "hsien" name, k now n well the world, and from my very we desire to be with Him." enough to the people in that disearly days I have learned to trict, though not universally honor other religions as I honor . -Dnyanodaya. throughout China, and in 1933, my own religion, and have no difficulty at all in inviting and CHINA after a period of transition, taking the cooperation of organ- these "hsien" names were defiizations that belong to other reli- Shanghai's Record Year nitely adopted by the Chinese gions." Post Office, and will gradually Shanghai now stands the sec- supplant "fu" and "chow" names ond diocese of the Episcopal altogether.-China's Millions.

Referring to the untouchables Church in China in numbers, The Challenge of Christianity he said: "There is a wrong way having a total of 9,378 baptized of giving help; I am painfully Christians. Total contributions Dr. T. Z. Koo, who is closely aware of that: that is, when of $52,000 again exceed all pre- identified with the Christian Stuyour friends come with the in- vious records. There are three dent Movement, not only in tention, either expressed or im- new churches. Grace Church, China but throughout the world, plied, of seeking to convert these Shanghai, rebuilt; St. Stephen's, and is known for penetrative children. That is the wrong way, Yanghong, built with materials thinking, in a recent address and I cannot possibly say that from a church burned during mentioned some contributions of in this case your help will be the Japanese attack of 1931; the Christian religion to Chinese welcome.. …. If you believe in and a small new country church life which go deeper than the your heart of hearts that Hindu- at Szekyau financed entirely by surface. To give them the true ism is not a gift of God, but a the local congregation. The dio- perspective he first fills in the gift of Satan, you cannot help cese now has five independent background of Chinese culture. us, and I cannot ask your help." parishes, receiving no American "Confucius did not deny that support. there is spirit or God but he did Christian Sadhu in Himalayas These advances are in spite of say that such a spirit is so far a ten per cent cut in salaries, but away, why waste time specu- A Christian Sadhu named whether the same activity can lating about the nature of the Sadhu Paul from Travancore, be maintained is the problem. spirit? You will never know South India, has been preaching Only half a dozen of the city very much about him. Thereand visiting Christians in a num- churches can hope to attain self- fore, the reasonable thing is to ber of places in the northeastern support in the next ten years; take your time and learn how to Himalayas, remaining a few country evangelism must be car- live rightly with your fellowdays in each town. In September ried for a generation at least, men. Thus when you make a he arrived at Nepal, where Sad- and the Chinese church cannot people live on their own level as hu Sundar Singh was tortured possibly take over the financial man to man, you take away the and imprisoned. There, as he maintenance of high g r a d e power ever to rise above that was passing through a parade schools and hospitals. level. Bring into such a situa- ground where about 400 troops -The Churchman. tion Jesus Christ, and we realize

that here is God, who is not dis- stood around outdoors for the The Church of Christ Advances tant, but who can come so closely service. to us in Christ that we perhaps Dr. Cleland B. McAfee cites can say, with some of the sages Another Shanghai church that two evidences that a distinctiveand prophets of old, that we can was injured in the Japanese ly effective Christian Church exwalk with Him. Here we have troubles was not rebuilt on the ists in China. Commissioners of God with whose spirit our spirit same site, at Santingko, but in a the General Assembly, as also can come into fellowship and more convenient place at Yang- members of synods, when they communion. haung. The people themselves secured all the money to buy convene, repeat in unison the "Again, our culture has pro- land and erect a church seating following covenant: duced some very fine things in 150, and another building with In the presence of God our Heavthe way of ethics; and, I think, enly Father we enter into a solemn the Chinese people as a whole living quarters and parish hall. covenant to exert ourselves to the ut- most to make this meeting of the Genowes to this fact its continuity. But, when you live merely by Year Book Abridged eral Assembly a sacred, solemn and the ethical code, you either be- spiritual fellowship, and to be fellowcome cynical or a hypocrite. Although it covers a two-year workers with God and bound to one That is what happened to the period instead of one, the China another by ties of mutual respect and Pharisees. When Christianity Church Year Book has been re- love. Throughout all its sessions we appears, something new comes duced to about half the custom- will strive in this spirit of cooperation in. Whereas formerly we merely ary number of pages, in the hope to increasingly strengthen the work adhered to a code, now we have that the reduced cost may make of our Church, so that the name of surrendered to a personality. it possible to greatly increase the God may be glorified and Jesus Christ sales. The first part of the vol- may be manifested as the Head of the "The third point is in the fact ume in eight chapters describes Church, and the Universal Church of all ages as His Body, sharing a comthat we as individuals in China mon breath of life and filled with the receive little consideration be- richness of His abundant life. May the general situation of the Chi- the Kingdom of God come to earth nese Church. The thirty succeed- even as it is in Heaven.

cause we are mere units in the ing sections deal with the vari- An unknown contributor to a large group, whose interests we Shanghai paper writes: "A few ous aspects of evangelism, edu- impressions will remain in the must serve. The Christian mes- cational and philanthropic work, writer's mind: First, a really sage coming into that back- and agencies related to the ground tells us we are precious church, followed by a calendar Chinese church is at work, tackin the sight of God-our Father. ling its own problems. In critical When we realize all this means of church events, laws affecting the church, publications since decisions the conscience of the something a I m 0 s t explosive 1931, a directory of church offi- Chinese commissioners was true comes into our lives. It is not cials and pastors, institutions of to the highest things. The church mere accident, that so many new higher education, hospitals, etc., is looking to the future, and faccurrents of life in the Far East together with a summary of re- ing difficulties bravely. If time today can be traced directly to cent statistics of church and is wasted in discussion, it is men and women who have come Sunday school work. to know Christ. gained in fellowship. The inspi- ration of being at a gathering "Finally, in the Christian reli- Abolish Sedan Chairs representing the church all over gion is a distinct challenge to China cannot fail to move indi- rise from the plane taught by Canton municipal authorities viduals, and make them feel that they are part of a great whole. Confucius-'Return with justice have decided to abolish the Now the Assembly is over, and those who hate you' to Christ's sedan chair on the ground that it it is for every delegate to return standard – 'meet your enemy is inhuman, and contrary to the home, strengthened by Christian modern spirit. It is apparently fellowship, to face once more his with love'; to rise from this or her own task in the light of plane of mere justice, and move realized that the carrying of new experiences." sedan chairs is degrading. The a step ahead and deal with each ricksha has been supplanted in Christ, the Complete Saviour other also in love. Tremendous large cities of Japan by the are the implications of that for A Chinese preacher, familiar cheap cruising taxicab, and obus in our modern life today." viously the Chinese do not like -Bible Society Record.

Churches Rebuilt to have foreigners call attention with the religions of Confucius to the fact that Chinese human and Buddha, is said to have rep- The Chinese Church at Kiang- beings are still used as beasts of resented the difference between wan, near Shanghai, which was burden, while the Japanese have the mission of the Lord Jesus entirely destroyed by bombs dur- been delivered from this form of Christ and that of these heathen ing the Japanese-Chinese conflict degradation. All the accompany- teachers as follows: "A sinner has been replaced by a new one, ing discussions have called at- was found lying in a deep pit, only half as large, but opened tention in general to the exploi- unable to save himself from its with great rejoicing by a con- tation of the Chinese. mire. Confucius came to the gregation that overflowed and -China Weekly Review. edge of the pit and said, 'Poor

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fellow, I am very sorry for you. moved away, yet the poor ones speaking and conference engage- Why were you such a fool as to remaining have been ready to ments, Toyohiko Kagawa wrote: get into that pit? Let me give support a pastor if one could be you a piece of advice: if you get found. They have carried on by If only Japan will repent, and esout, don't get into it again.' A themselves with the remarkable tablish permanent friendship with Buddhist priest is next heard result that it took four whole China! There is no other way than saying to him 'Poor fellow! I am days to examine all the candi- by the Law of Love. And not only in very much pained to see you dates in a single church for bap- the relations between China and Jathere. I think if you could get up tism and enrolment. Twelve pan, if we hope for a progressive two-thirds of the way, or even a were baptized and forty enrolled uniting of all the cultures of the nahalf of the way out of this mire, as catechumens under instruc- tions and races of the whole world, I would be able to lift you out tion for full membership. In there is no other way than through the rest of the way.' But the spite of disturbed conditions the the principle of redemptive love. The man was helpless. When the enrolment this year of over forty law of redemptive love is the funda- Lord Jesus Christ came to him, surpassed our expectation and mental law of the universe. Kropot- He lifted him up by grace all previous records. Their spirit kin's instinctive love is not enough. through faith, and set his feet also was exceptionally fine as Instinctive love does not transcend upon the rock." shown by their promptness, race. It is the redemptive love that their readiness to cooperate, and Christ lived and practiced that alone -Episcopal Recorder. their eager desire to learn the transcends race. This type of redemp- Christian Way of Life. tive love must grow in us, and in co- To Christianize the Troops operation with the spirit of the uni- JAPAN-CHOSEN' verse we must labor to save the un- There is an interesting move- happy peoples of the world. Since the ment on foot in some Chinese Student Housing Problem Japanese nation was unable to sense military circles for putting this great redemptive love, I suffer the troops under regular Christian One of the problems facing sorrows of the Prophet Jeremiah. instruction. Groups of soldiers higher education institutions in Forgive us! You sons of Confucius and are now being marched to the Japan is to provide successful, Motzu forgive us in the name of your mission churches· in at least adequate and healthful housing great peace-loving sages! Some day three cities, Nanchang, Chang- for the thousands of young men the Japanese will cast away sword sha and Yochow. At Changsha who flock to colleges and univer- and gun and awaken to the love of the there are three or four places in sities each year from all parts of Cross. Just now I can think of noththe city where regularly num- the empire. This problem was ing but to beseech your pardon. And bers of men are gathered every emphasized in the study made of there are an uncounted number of Sunday for Christian preaching. Christian education in Japan by young souls in Japan who like myself One or two companies march to a joint commission in 1932, con- are asking for pardon,-this is my Trinity Church in Hankow for sisting of American and Japa- message to Chinese brothers who may an early afternoon hour of in- nese educators, working under read this book. struction. the International Missionary Council. -Kagawa Fellowship Bulletin. -Presbyterian Advance. The Rikkyo Brotherhood is The Omi Brotherhood Harvests of Manchukuo undertaking an experiment to solve this problem in a small In February, the Omi Mission Rev. W. T. Cook of Sinpin, way by providing not only com- Manchukuo, notes an improve- fortable and healthful housing as it entered its thirtieth year ment of conditions within the for out-of-town students, but past year, both materially and also comfortable surroundings came to an end, and was sucspiritually. "Last year at the for their members during their ceeded by the "Omi Brother- Bible Institute I asked the stu- college life. Before launching a hood." The change, which is in dents to indicate which ones had permanent program there is to name only, was made in the induring the year met with rob- be a six months' period of ex- terest of clarity. There is no bery in one way or another. perimentation with a rented trial change in purpose, principles or About one half held up their house. This study of the needs personnel. The Mission has hands. This year the census in- and problems of such a housing grown from the microscopic efdicated only one in eight had venture will show whether the fort of one "foreign" teacher been molested. This was partly raising of approximately Y200,- and a couple of his pupils to an due to a bumper crop, sufficient 000 to construct the permanent organization of more than two to feed everyone; and partly to student chapter house project is hundred workers; its various the stabilizing influence of a justified. industrial departments h a v e small Japanese garrison. The made positive contributions to harvest in the church is a more -The Living Church. social betterment in Japan, in surprising one. Because of con- addition to earning the financial stant war and robbery, only Kagawa Deplores Militarism support for the entire enter- 4,000 Christians remain out of prise; its efforts in tuberculosis 6,000. Those with means have As he was nearing the Philip- treatment, progressive educa- pine Islands for a month of tion, and rural evangelization have had international influence; and in spite of successful indus- trial experiments none of its members has amassed personal wealth. It has operated for more than a quarter-century as a Christian community in which

four nationalities have cooper- Bible Institute for about forty and Senior societies, with a men and women who are unable membership of about four thouated upon equal terms.

One of the reasons for the to make the hundred-mile jour- sand. For years these societies change of name is that the in- ney to Pyengyang to study. He functioned separately, each evan- digenous character of this or- has inspired the young men of gelical church having charge of ganization see m s better ex- the church to evangelistic zeal, its own organization. In 1925 pressed by the word "Brother- so that they have started a group the Northern Luzon Christian hood," which, in its extensive in a near-by village, walking the Endeavor Union was organized sense, seems to connote the prim- three miles out and back each which federated some sixteen so- itive and essential meaning of Sunday to hold services for cieties in four provinces. A few Christianity in a way that the them; and a few weeks ago years later its membership had term "Mission" does not achieve. these boys raised money and grown to thirty-two regularly In the organization the term bought a building for their organized senior societies with brotherhood is understood to in- group, which now numbers forty an equal number of junior so- clude both sexes. or fifty. Young Kil's sermons cieties. The Western Visayan -Omi Mustard Seed. s how his father's spiritual Christian Endeavor Union and power, and in addition he has a the Manila union were later or- beautiful singing voice. The peo- ganized. Finally on December Street Evangelism ple say "there never was anyone 22 to 24, 1933, the first national Mr. Dwight L. Malsbary, a like him for personal work; he's Christian Endeavor convention always at it." was held. Fifty-three registered Presbyterian missionary who delegates and many visitors has been teaching music in -Pyengyang News. Pyengyang for five years, writes made up the attendance. A secthat he and a Seminary student Nat Rice Christian ond nat ion a I convention is planned for two years hence. encountered three men on the street who were emerging from In a small village near Seoul, -C. E. World. a drunken orgy. They spent fif- Chosen, a Christian church has teen minutes trying to impress upon them that God has a rem- been closed for several years be- New Interest in Rural Affairs cause its members had become edy for sin. One of the men indifferent. The church bell had Since last April every municiasked the men to call at his been rented to strangers. The pality in the Iloilo district, P. I., house and tell him more. They Presbyterian Mission sen t a has had a rural institute. Probgave him a copy of John's Gos- Korean Bible woman to the dis- ably 10,000 people have been pel and ten days later they trict to endeavor to return the reached with instruction in praccalled. The man was not at home flock to the fold. After two tically every phase of country but his son told them his father months 30 persons met in the life. This interest in the farmer had become a believer. Asked long-closed church. The bell was and the barrio man has spread how long ago, the son replied: returned to its own belfry. At to municipal, provincial and in- "About a week or so ago some- the same time the Bible woman's sular government officials. Buone on the street asked him to salary ceased. She was invited reau representatives and district believe and he said he would, and to go to another church which health officers take part on instihe came home, told us about it had raised money for the sup- tute programs while town presiand now besides my father, my port of a Bible woman. Here is dents widely advertise the meetwife and I, my sister and broth- her answer: "My little children ings and urge barrio lieutenants er, all believe. We all went to here are just getting on their to attend. church for the first time in our feet and learning to walk. Can lives last Sunday." I say to them, 'There is rice for New Work in D. E. I. -Pyengyang News. me there and none for me here, therefore, I will go where there Consolidation is the order of the day in the Dutch East Indies. Do Ministers' Sons Go Wrong? is rice?' The Lord won't let me In 1930 the 330,000 Batak Chris- starve. I'll work on here." tians in Sumatra framed a con- The blind evangelist, Pastor -Presbyterian Banner. stitution as a Batak Church. The Kil, is known the world over. congregations of Central Java His son has graduated from the ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC took a similar step two years Seminary, and last year became later. In 1932 a general synod the pastor of the mountain vil- Philippine C. E. Union was organized in eastern Java. lage church of Kok San. He found the church split with fac- The earliest Christian En- The Salvation Army reports 300 tions and in an unhealthy condi- deavor society known in the professed conversions on the tion, but undaunted, started to Philippine Islands was organ- north coast of Java. The Chrisbuild it up. He has not only ized at San Fernando, La Union, tian and Missionary Alliance are greatly increased the attendance, on December 28, 1904. From opening three new fields in East and brought in many new mem- that date there have been ap- Dutch Borneo.

bers, but has started an evening proximately five hundred Junior -World Evangelization.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ANNOTATED LIST OF BOOKS ON ORIENTALS IN AMERICA PREPARED BY MISS MAY HUSTON Associate Secretary, Department of Missionary Education, Northern Baptist Convention Chinatown Quest. By Carol Green Land of All Nations. By Margaret For Adults Wilson. Stanford University Press, R. Seebach. Cloth, 50 cents; paper, Orientals in American Life. By Pres. California. $1.00. Albert W. Palmer; author of "The 25 cents. Human Side of Hawaii," "The New Christian Epic," etc. Cloth, $1.00; The story of Donaldina Cam- Biographical sketches about paper, 60 cents. Friendship Press, eron's life-long battle to end the people of various races living in New York. traffic in Chinese slave-girls in the United States. Two of Ori- America. "Lo Mo," as she was entals. An exceedingly interesting called, worked to rebuild the and informing book that grows lives of the girls she rescued and Next-door Neighbors. By Margaret out of the author's own experihas been richly repaid by the T. Applegarth. $1.25. Fleming H. ences with Orientals both in host of happy women she has Revell, New York. Hawaii and on the Pacific Coast. It is a keen, sympathetic study sent out into lives of usefulness. Thumbnail sketches contain- of their problems in the effort to ing .several stories of Chinese fit into the life of this country and of the possibilities of their The Ways of Ah Sin. By Charles R. and Japanese children in Amer- development in the right envi- ica. ronment. From the first chap- Shepherd. ter on "The Transformation of Chinatown" to the last on "How A vivid and thrilling story of A Daughter of the Samurai. By Etsu the Church Can Help" the book similar work for Chinese in San I. Sugimoto. $1.00. Doubleday is filled with vivid, deftly drawn Francisco. Out of print but may Doran, New York. pictures of Oriental life.

be found in many libraries. A background book showing For Young People and Seniors Lim Yik Choy. By Charles R. Shep- the life of a Japanese girl of the Out of the Far East. By Allan A. herd. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell, Samurai class reflecting the Hunter, author of "Facing the Pa- New York. many-sided life of Japan in the cific"; "Youth's Adventure"; "So- transition period. cial Perplexities." Cloth, $1.00; The story of a little boy or- paper, 60 cents. ,phaned in China and brought to A Daughter of the Narikin. By Etsu America by an old uncle who I. Sugimoto. $3.00. Doubleday Stimulating adventures in dies shortly after the arrival of Doran, New York. world friendship. Well written the pair in the United States. and admirably adapted for The n a r rat i v e carries him Another beautiful story, the groups of young people because through many experiences, and plot of which is laid in Japan of its youth approach and the sends him back to the land of his but touches American life, thus author's first-hand experience birth, to take up a career of con- making it an excellent reading with Oriental young people both secrated Christian service. book for this year's theme. in the Far East and in this coun- try. Huie Kin Reminiscences. Published The World in a Barn. By Gertrude in China; may be ordered through Chandler Warner, author of "Win- For Junior-High Grade the Presbyterian Book Store, San dows into Alaska." $1.00. Friend- Francisco. $1.25 plus postage. ship Press, New York. Gold Mountain. By Philip F. Payne, Assistant Secretary, Presbyterian An exceedingly interesting life A popular reading book for Board of National Missions; in history of a Chinese boy who primary children, containing charge of Oriental Work. Cloth, came to America when he was several stories about Oriental $1.00; paper, 60 cents. fourteen and later became a children in the United States. Presbyterian minister in New A delightful story of Chinese York City. MISSION STUDY BOOKS- who heard of the discovery of GRADED READING gold in the mountains of Cali- fornia; their efforts to become When the East Is in the West. By The new books published by miners; the opposition they Maude Madden. $1.50. Fleming the Missionary Education Move- H. Revell, New York. ment are the more welcome be- True stories revealing the cause of the limited number of Japanese heart and soul in Cali- readable volumes. These books fornia. Excellent for illustra- should be placed in school and tions to be used in programs or public libraries as well as in study classes. . homes and churches.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[315 ]

met; the problems of adjust- For Leaders of Junior High mate acquaintance, knows the ment and the results of Chris- School Groups several racial groups of peoples tian work among them. Also in the Pacific area. stories of Japanese, their char- A 'Course on Orientals in the United acteristic traits, and their re- States. Paper, 25 cents. Immigration. By Lawrence Guy sponse to the Christian message. Brown. $3.00. Longmans Green Based on "Gold Mountain" Co., New York. For Juniors and other books. A discussion of cultural con- Rainbow Bridge. By Florence Cran- For Leaders of Junior Groups flicts and social adj ustments ar- nell Means, author of "Ranch and ranged for a one semester Ring" and the stories in "Children Japanese Here and There. By Mar- course. Contains chapters on of the Great Spirit." Cloth, $1.50; garet E. Forsyth, Associate in Re- the Chinese, Japanese and Fili- paper, 75 cents. ligious Education, Teachers College, pinos and is an excellent refer- Columbia University, and Ursul ence volume on the whole immi- Any Junior will be thrilled by Moran, missionary in Japan. Boards, gration question. the adventures of the Miyata $1.00; paper, 75 cents. children who left their home in Filipino Immigration. By Bruno Japan to come to America. From A Friendship Press text on Lasker. $4.00. Chicago University the moment they embark until the Japanese both in Japan and Press. the story closes there is one ex- in the United States. Gives sugciting adventure after another. gestions for procedures and ac- This is the most comprehen- Delightfully illustrated. tivities on School Life; Home sive study of the subject based Life, Earning a Living. on a careful survey made by the For Primary Boys and Girls American Council of Pacific Re- Orientals in the United States Pic- lations that has yet appeared. It Oriental Friends in the United States. ture Sheet. 25 cents. throws light on many of the fac- By Katharine Smith Adams, for- tors involved in this problem merly Director of Religious Educa- A folder of pictures to be used which the American Congress tion in Christ Church, Greenwich, in making posters and notebooks will, without doubt, have to face. Connecticut. Boards, $1.00; paper, and for classroom use. 75 cents. Resident Orientals on the American Picture Map of the United States, Pacific Coast. By Eliot Grinnell This book for leaders gives 30 x 50 inches, to be colored by the Mears. $3.00. Chicago University suggestions for teaching and children. 50 cents. Press. worship as well as source material on Chinese, Japanese and Pictures of Orientals in the An exposition of the present Filipinos. United States or of home mis- situation of the Chinese and the sion work may be pasted on the Japanese resident in continental Helps for Leaders of Adult map at appropriate places. United States. Legal sources Study Groups have been consulted and are Paper Dolls. 25 cents a set. quoted quite extensively. Con- A Course for Leaders of Adult Groups tains many charts and tables, Studying the Orientals in the The three sets, Friendship thus making available an im- United States. By Margaret I. Cut-outs; China Paper Dolls; mense amount of information. Marston, Educational Secretary, Japan Paper Dolls, furnish ex- Woman's Auxiliary of the Protes- cellent Oriental dolls to use in Japanese in the United States. By tant Episcopal Church. Paper, 25 connection with any study of Yamato khihashi. $4.00. Stan- cents. these races in the United States. ford University Press, California.

This pamphlet is at once a Additional helps in the way of magazines, Ranks as the most comprehenhelpful guide to Dr. Palmer's programs, leaflets on fields, also plays may sive and authoritative resource book and to the use of other ma- be secured by writing denominational boards. book on the subject. Written by terials on the general subject of a professor of Japanese history missions among Oriental peoples Reference Books on Orientals and government in Stanford in America. University, it contains invalu- An extensive bibliography will able information about Japanese What Do You Think About Orientals be found in Dr. Palmer's "Ori- immigrants and their children. in the United States? 10 cents each; entals in American Life." Men- 60 cents per dozen. tion is made here of a few. Foreign Swdents in America. $1.75. Association Press, New York. Brain-teasing questions and Paradox in Hawaii. By David Livcheck lists of thought-provoking ingston Crawford, President of the A mine of information on forstatements of fact and opinion. University of Hawaii. $2.00. eign students and their prob- Contains material for six ses- Stratford Co., Boston. lems, prepared by the Commitsions. An invaluable aid in stim- tee on Friendly Relations among ulating general participation in An exceedingly constructive Foreign Students. group discussion. and authoritative study of eco- nomic and educational tensions Valuable Booklets and A Course on Orientals in the United in Hawaii. Leaflets States. Paper, 25 cents. Can Nations be Neighbors? By David Further Development of Race Con- For groups of young people Livingston Crawford. $1.50. Strat- tacts in Hawaii. By Romanzo and seniors. Based primarily on ford Co., Boston. Adams, 15 cents. "Out of the Far East." A somewhat new approach to the problem of international re- lations by one who, from inti-

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Peoples of Hawaii. By same American home, school and gov- tutes one of the most vital pres- author, 50 cents. ernment, also come in for criti- ent-day sociological problems. cism and appraisal but all is The migration of any large The Chinese Population in Hawaii. said with a sense of humor and group of human beings is a By H. L. Shapiro, 30 cents. a desire to be just and friendly. matter of concern to the social He sees America's greatest hope scientist. Invariably there is Aliens in the United States. By Jo- in her youth and the mixture of compulsion, usually economic. seph P. Chamberlain, 20 cents. races. The book is one which When the migration is not to- Americans should read with rel- ward a frontier but from one Memorandum on Chinese Students in ish and profit. Many of Dr. heavily populated region to an- U. S., 10 cents. Park's remarks give us reason other even more heavily popu- to stop and think. Here is one: lated, there is certain to be These and other valuable ma- "In old days, the Christian mis- economic and cultural conflict. terial may be secured from the sionaries used to tell us Chinese And when the emigrating group American Council Institute of that it is a heathen practice to is of a minority race the effect Pacific Relations, 129 E. 52d St., worship idols or to bow down to not only upon the newcomers New York City. wood and stone. Maybe it is. but also upon the inhabitants of But the worship of the idol is lands both left and sought is Second Generation Orientals in Amer- harmless when compared with enormous. This bibliography is ica. By William B. Smith, 25 cents. the worship of an actress." very complete, carefully indexed Missionary Education Movement. and bears witness to the im- New York. Four books recommended by portance of the subject. Dr. Geo. Hinman: Magazines S. M. ZWEMER. Japanese in California. By E. K. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Strong, Stanford University Press, Totaram. The Story of a Village Boy 1933. $2.00. in India Today. By Irene Mott WORLD for June and July. Bose. 8 vo. 117 pp. $1.90. Mac- The Second Generation Japanese Millan. New York. 1933. The denominational maga- Problem. By E. K. Strong, Stanzines contain valuable material. ford UniVersity Press, 1933. $2.00. This pleasing story of a village boy in India is from the pen of The Chinese 'Christian Student, Very accurate and informing a daughter of Dr. John R. Mott. Japanese Student Bulletin, Filipino in most respects but inaccurate Mrs. Bose, who was formerly a Student, Korean Student BuUetin. in the account of the Protestant Y. W. C. A. worker in India, has work being done. caught the atmosphere of village These four magazines available at life and shows a real understand- $2.50 per year from Committee on Oriental Exclusion. By R. D. Mc- ing of the language, some cus- Friendly Relations, 347 Madison Ave., Kenzie, University of Washington. toms and folk-lore familiar to New York City. Chicago University Press. the Indian boy. The result is not a missionary story but is a suc- An Oriental View of American Civil- This is a 1927 book and very cessful attempt at sympathetic ization. By No-Yong Park (Pao), fine for the period it covers. interpretation. After all, a boy Ph.D. 8vo. 128 pp. $1.50. Hale, in India is very much like other Cushman & Flint. Boston. 1934. The Japanese Problem in the United boys except for his surround- States. By H. A. Millis, 1915. ings, his early training, his be- This "friendly critic" is a liefs and his customs. The dif- Chinese, a Harvard Ph.D. who Probably the best of the older ferences make him more intermeasures American life, man- books. esting but the similarities make ners and thought with a Confu- him more understandable. cian yardstick: the Doctrine of MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS the Mean. His criticisms are Jothy. The Story of the South Indian frank and intelligent, though in A Bibliography of Negro Migration. Jungle. By Charlotte Chandler some cases unbalanced. He By Frank Alexander Ross and Wyckoff. 305 pp. $2. Longmans points out the faults of Ameri- Louise Venable Kennedy. Columbia Green. New York. 1933. cans-lack of reserve, amuse- University Press. New York. 251 ment craze, speed mania, extrav- pp. $5.00. This missionary, the daughter agance, love of advertising, of a missionary in India, shows greed for gold, "idolatry," ma- Of making surveys there intimate knowledge of South Interialism, lack of respect for seems to be no end, and yet they dian life such as is only possible parents, unworthy ambition and are the basis of conclusive think- to one born and brought up laxity in morals. He calls atten- ing in regard to many pressing among the girls of an Indian viltion to the lack of "Chinese po- problems in home and foreign lage. Miss Wyckoff has written liteness, Japanese modesty and missions. This Bibliography is an attractive story that gives an European polish." Race preju- the fifth volume on Negro Migra- understanding view of Jungle dice is another fault. Women tion produced by the Department life. She thus opens the way for are criticized for aping the men of Sociology at Columbia Univer- a delightful contact between and their vices. sity. Earlier volumes dealt with American children and their the facts. The constantly in- American virtues, as Dr. creasing presence of colored peo- Park sees them, include bound- ple in our northern cities constiless energy, good sportsmanship, progressiveness, optimism, organizing ability. Women are admired for their versality and freedom from convention. The

brothers and sisters in a far dif- The scope of the enquiry is all is! That is Africa in 1934.

ferent environment. The word reassuringly broad. The socio- When we come to the part pictures, illustrated with pen logical problem is convered in played and to be played by and ink drawings, bring us into the report by Mr. Coulter, the Christian missions in the solu- fellowship with an Indian child's economic problem by Mr. Robin- tion of all these problems we experiences at weddings, festi- son, and the problem of govern- come close to the heart of the vals, travel by bullock cart, home ment by Mr. Marquard. Mr. whole question. For this reason life, and school adventures. The Davis deals with the historical was the inquiry made. African story has a Christian as well as background at the opening of religions are weakening, are the report, and closes it with the likely soon to be largely swept an Indian flavor. final hundred pages devoted to away. Christianity should re- Modem Industry and the African. the problem of missions. By J. Merle Davis. 425 pp. Mac- place them. Is it? Will it? millan. New York. The social factors in the situ- This inquiry reveals a not too ation are in a state of flux. Socially, nothing is more im- Thousands of men and hundreds happy picture of the past. It portant in these momentous days of women are being drawn from for Central Africa than correct, tribal environments into min- seeks to point a more hopeful sympathetic understanding of ing areas where family and way for the future. Of its 75 the widely varied elements en- tribal sanctions and customs are specific recommendations we retering into its amazingly rapid produce six here in whole or in part :* change of this generation. Re- largely overlaid by increasing No.3….. The missionary who minligiously, the missions have a isters to the natives on the copper deposits of urban life. Men at belt should be equipped with training responsibility in this connection the end of their contracts or in in social welfare, recreation, social comparable to that borne by gov- a time of general depression, hygiene and community planning, and ernments politically. The Church such as the present, go back to be prepared to understand the bearis therefore tightly tied into the ing of the social needs of the people their tribal areas there to con- upon the growth of the Church both study now under review. form externally in many ways at the mines and in the rural areas, J. Merle Davis, formerly asso- and to plan his work with the prob- but write an inner seething that lems as a whole in view. No. 14. The Commission wish to ciated with the Y. M. C. A. in spells fundamental change in Japan and director of the Insti- this generation. Family life is call attention to the poverty of the tute of Pacific Relations, is now disintegrating through long pe- social life of a native community which is cut off from its rural and head of the International Mis- riods of marital separation, dis- tribal environment. It considers a major task of the Church to be to sionary Council's Department of ease is 'coming in, morals are enrich this social life, to organize it Social and Industrial Research in wholesome channels, and to strive with headquarters at Geneva. lowering, racial bitterness is to create a new network of native in- Created largely through the ef- growing. These and other dis- abilities can hardly be out- terest which will serve as a founda- tion for urban native society. forts of Dr. John R. Mott, this weighed in the specific benefits department's first major under- No. 19. Missions are urged to study taking was an inquiry, gener- conferred by association with how the essentials and standards of ously financed by the Carnegie the mining developments; great- the Christian way of living can be er inaividualism, manual skill, Corporation of New York and some slight education, larger disentangled from the inessentials and peculiar standards which have grown the Phelps Stokes Fund, into the cash income, three-pound in- around them during 1900 years of effect of the copper mines of crease in average bodily weight, European civilization, and how they Central Africa upon native so- m 0 r e bicycles, phonographs, can be readapted to the present social and economic needs of an Mrican ciety and the work of Christian sewing machines. This social people. side of the problem makes spemissions. Associated with Mr. cially insistent demands upon No. 38. Missions are urged to ad- Davis in this enquiry were Chits. dress themselves to the task of incul- W. Coulter, Professor of Soci- Christian missions. cating a Christian faith that evokes a ology at Ohio Wesleyan Univer- The very full treatment given greater depth of moral conviction and sity; Leo Marquard, history loyalty to principl~ faith that will master at Grey College School, the economic and governmental hold the native Christian when sub- Bloemfontein; Ray E. Phillips, aspects of the problem deserve jected to the new and tremendous careful study by all who would moral strains of the copper belt. His missionary and welfare worker, understand mod ern Africa. position is rendered all the more peril- ous by the absence of his own social Johannesburg; E. A. G. Robin- There depicted are samples of and moral controls and by his sudden son, fellow of Sidney Sussex Col- the great wealth currently being introduction to a pagan European so- lege and Lecturer in Economics produced by t hat contInent, ciety. No'. 43. The Commission believe it in the University of Cambridge; and of the industrial penetra- to be of the highest importance that tion which is making itself felt the missionary work of the Protestant and Miss Mabel Shaw, O.B.E., throughout its len g t hand Free Church societies on the copper Principal, Livingstone Memorial Girl's School, Mberesbi. This breadth. The delicate and dif- belt be united under the care of one group spent the second half of missionary society. In carrying out 1932 in Africa, mostly in the ficult problems faced by govern- this policy, however, certain conditions ments are also set forth, with would require to be met….. two Rhodesias and South Africa, with a short visit in the Ka- some of the successes and fail- No. 58. It is recommended that in ures registered. What a com- work for every type of community tanga Province of Congo BeIge. plex and contradictory picture it * Pages 377-389.

the central educational emphasis of with the author in some points. Charlotte R. Willard of Merzifon: missions should be directed toward Her Life and Times. Ernest Pye, preparing Bantu youth to serve the In general the volume is lacking Editor. 211 pp. $2.00. Illus. Revell, needs of the Bantu rather than Euro- in definite information as to New York. pean society. great personalities that have had a significant part in the mis- Miss Willard was a woman of These may give the tense, but sionary movement. For example, high adventure, a professor of a reading of the lot is necessary reference to the Student Volunbefore a full view can be had of teer Movement includes no infor- Carleton College who spent a this inquiry and report. It is mation as to where or by whom a thoroughly scientific document it was founded, and as much sabbatical year in a mission stawarmed, as to the future, by the space is given to the recent Lay- tion in Asia Minor and found Christian's grounded optimism men's Inquiry as to the S. V. M. her work so worthwhile that she as regards the Church and its which has proven its value for devoted her life to the cause. She mission. nearly half a century. was a missionary of the Amer- ican Board from 1898 to 1930 in The past is depicted; a future Each field is taken up sep- Merzifon, Anatolia, Asia Minor is sketched. The inquiry is and her contribution to human made, the report is out. Now arately with some information welfare was remarkable-Miss what? From mines, govern- Willard as teacher in Anatolia ments, missions-what answer? as to its land, people, language, College, principal of the Girls' School, director of the King EMORY Ross. history, government and present School for the Deaf, author, pub- conditions. There is very little lisher, manager of mission build- The Christian Mission in the Modern reference to the non-Christian ings and property, caring for World. By William David Scher- religions but considerable atten- twelve hundred orphans and for merhorn. 8 vo. 360 pp. $2.50. Ab- tion is given to the present eco- thousands of sick solders, coura- ingdon Press. New York. 1933. nomic and social problems. The geously and successfully daring progress of Protestant missions great danger and hardship to This modern history of Prot- in each field is described briefly rescue forty – eight Armenian estant Christian missions opens but with little reference to great girls that had been "deported," with a brief history of the rise missionary pioneers. There is providing industries for destiand growth of Christianity, and little mention of Carey and Jud- tute women and children, visitthe evangelization of Europe up son, and none of Hudson Taylor, ing officials and villagers and to the Reformation. Then there Eliza Agnew, Laws of Living- everywhere radiating love and follows a list of the various Prot- stonia, Henry Jessup of Syria, hope and Christian faith. She estant missionary agencies and a or Bishop Pattison. More space also had her quiet times for brief study of the progress of is devoted to some of the modern prayer and Bible study and knew Christianity in various lands- developments and their leaders well her God and her fellowmen. geographically considered. There -like J. W. Pickett, of India, are ten outline maps, an index, and Frank Lauback, of the Phil- Dr. Pye, the editor, has artisand a bibliography which is use- ippines; almost no attention is tically woven together the tribful but not very discriminating. given to the growth of woman's utes written by many hands. One work in missions. of the most significant chapters Dr. Schermerhorn has spent is "The 'Joy Nest'-Its Rules five years in India and has been Dr. Schermerhorn says in con- and Motto," a social experiment a teacher in Garrett Biblical In- made by four Turkish girls. stitute, Chicago. He was also clusion that· his survey has Light is given on such questions one of the group that visited the shown certain things: (1) That the essence of Christianity is to mission fields to study the share. [Is it not rather to wit- as: Can Christian missions sucyounger churches in foreign ness and teach?] (2) That ceed in a Mohammedan country? lands. This history of missions Christian Missions are restricted Why and how did the Turks alshows that the Author is sym- and impoverished by enemies most annihilate the Armenian pathetic with the attitude of the within and without its rank. nation in 1915? What is the mis- Laymen's "Re-thinking M i s- [But the enterprise receives its sionary doing for international sions" and seeks to present the life, direction and power from and inter-racial peace and goodsubject from a "modern" view- the Holy Spirit.] (3) That the will? How can a school which is point, but with "the conviction progress of Christianity has been forbidden to have direct relithat Christ is Saviour both of marked by periods of expansion, gious teaching winsomely premen and of nations." arrest and reform. [It is also sent Jesus Christ as the Divine The volume is interesting for marked by definite and repeated Saviour from sin? What obligaits facts rather than for its spiritual revivals.] (4) Impor- tion and opportunity does the opinions. While most of the tant lessons are learned from Christian Church now have for facts presented are familiar to past experiences. [These are bringing the good news of Jesus students of missions, it is an ad- worthy of attention.] (5) We and His redemptive love to the vantage to have"them marshalled are coming to grips with pres- ambitious, progressive, war-harin a clear and concise presenta- ent-day social and economic assed, bandit-ridden and economtion. Conservative Evangelicals problems. [This is needed but ically depressed peoples of the and historians will not agree should not be over-emphasized.] new Turkey? C. H. DERR.

Items 1M MtJI.TIPUED SMALL

(Concluded from page 257.) There Are Finaneial Besourees Dr. Cheng Ching-yi has resigned as for encouraging your ilnportant enterprise General Secretary of China's National Christian Council. Dr. Cheng was OUR DIME INLAY BOOKLETS both prophet and leader of the "Five- Year Movement," and his successive Offer the Attractive. Convenient and Inexpensive Method by which this fact has elections as Moderator of the General been attested over and over again by many Churches, Sunday-sehoola, Miuionary Assembly of the Church of Christ in Boards and other organizations. By the same method you may obtain the funds China from its inception, indicate his you need. These Neat and Sturdy Coin Booklets have capacities for outstanding ability. He now plans to place his services more widely at the Ten DiDles, Twenty DiDles, Fifty DiDles, and disposal of the United Church of Quarters, DiDles, and Nickels Christ. and a Complete List 'of Offering Helps, including Banks. Protected Slot Dr. Philip A*lle*n S*wartz, minister Offering Envelopes. Penny Strips, Folding Boxes and Collapsible Novelties of the First Congregational Church, GOODENOUGH & WOGLOM CO. LaGrange, Ill., has been elected Secretary of the Federal Council of Church and Sunday School Supplies Churches. His major responsibility Dept_ 3 296 Broadway, New York will be the financial problems of the Council. Samples and Prices on Tequest *** ciety in China for sixteen years, died 'Can I Know God. Frederick B. in Germantown, Pa., March 31. Dr. Fisher. 140 pp. $1. Harpers. Miss Alice Pettee Adams, founder Humphreys had served at Yachow, at New York. of "Hakuaikai," a social center in Ningyuenfu and at Chengtu where he Okayama, Japan, who has six times served on the faculty of Union Uni- An Afdcan Prophet. The Ivory Coast received recognition from the imperial versity Medical College. Because of ill Movement and What Came of It. government, is now to have a bust health he retired in 1925. W. J. Platt. 28. 6d. Student Chrisplaced on exhibition beside other nota- tian Movement Press. London. bles, including Premier Saito. *** Contemporary Religious Thinking. Dr. Conrad *Ho*ffm*an is visiting Mrs. Hugh Taylor of Muang Mam, Edited by Frederick G. Bowers and Siam, died near the end of February Robert W. Searle. 212 pp. $2. Egypt and the Near East. Some six from a fever while traveling to Luang Falcon Press. New York. weeks have been spent in visitation of Prabang. Mrs. Taylor went to Siam different mission centers in Palestine, as a Presbyterian missionary in 1893. God and the Cosmos. Theodore and for study of the Zionist MQvement Graebner. 352 pp. $3. Eerdmans. and the Jewish problem as it exists *** Grand Rapids. in that area. He hoped also to visit Beirut and Baghdad. Dr. Ahmed Fahmy, an Egyptian Gems of Gold. R. E. Neighbour. 378 who was a medical missionary in pp. $1.50. McMillen-Neighbour. China for over thirty years, died re- Elyria, Ohio. cently. He was the son of Moslem parents, and became a Christian at Modern Industry and the African. the age of eighteen. J. Merle Davis. 425 pp. Macmil- lan. New York.

Obituary Notes New Books The Queensgate Mystery. Grace Pett- man. 190 pp. 18. 6d. Pickering & Dr. J. Charles Humphreys, a work- Christian Missions and a New World Inglis. London. er of the Baptist Foreign Mission So- Culture. Archibald G. Parker. 321 pp. $2. Willett, Clark. Chicago. Religion in Shoes: Brother Bryan of Birmingham. Hunter B. Blakely. 186 pp. $1.50. Presbyterian Com- mittee on Publications. Richmond.

tltbt l{tng'5 jiu51nt55 Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Sir Mohammed Iqhal. 186 pp. $2.75. Oxford University Press. London.

published by Totoram. Irene Mott Bose. 117 pp. $1.90. Macmillan. New York.

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The Missionary Review of the World — October 1918

INDIAN "UNTOUCHABLES" AT

THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER, 1918 COVER ILLUSTRATION-A HOOK-SWINGING CEREMONY IN INDIA. This ceremony, although against British law, is still sometimes practised in India by "holy men," who seek to gain merit and a reputation.

(see Facts Worth Quoting) FRONTISPIECE-SOME INDIAN "UNTOUCHABLES" AT HOME.

. SIGNS OF THE TIMES ………………._……………………………… 721 INTRODUCING NEW IDEAS IN lNDlA UNHAPPY RUSSIA MOSLEM WOMEN SEE THE LIGHT TuRKEY AND PAN-TuRANIANISM PROGRESS TOWARD PROHIBITION EDITORIAL COMMENT ………………………………………………. 727 MORAL AIMS AND RESULTS OF THE WAR TJ'l"E GREATEST WORK IN THE WORLD THE COMING ASSOCIATION CAMPAIGN HINDUS REACHED THROUGH APPLIED CHRISTIANITy.•…………… By FLETCHER S. BROCKMAN 730 STIFFENING THE BACKBONE OF THE INDIAN CHURCH.By MASON OLCOTT 731 A very practical study of the causes of weakness, and the means of strengthening the Christian Church of India. Illustrated 'With photographs.

WHAT THE MISSIONARIES ARE DOING …… BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D. 741 A study of the effort to make Christ the Saviour of racial individuality, described by a missionary in Arabia.

FRENCH INDO-CHINA AS A MISSION FIELD…………………………. . By REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D. 748 A description of a little known portion of Asia, almost unoccupied by Protestant missions.

FACTORS IN CHINA'S CRISIS. II ………….. BY G. SHERWOOD EDDY, LL.D. 754 The second part of the story of the impressive campaign recently conducted in China.

ASIATIC WOMEN IN AMERICA ………………….. BY MARGARET E. BURTON 760 The work among SOme t",'o hundred g,rls from Oriental countries, students in the United States. Their debt to America and their opportunity in Asia.

DO KOREANS :-;rEED MEDICAL MISSIONS? ……… By REV. H. A. RHODES 763 A brief statement, showing the value and the effect of medical missionarj. work in Chosen.

BEST METHODS ……………………………… Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 765 Precept and Example for Mission Study.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …. Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMER 773 The Value of Education and Good Literature at the Front. Glimpses of Madras College.

LATEST NEWS OF WAR WORK ……………………………………….. 777 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS …………………………………………. 779 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy …………………………………………. 797 Our Missionary Calendar. Facts Worth Quoting. Missionary Personals.

TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2:00 In clubs ot five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single coples. 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted. 1917, by the Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered In New York Post Office as Second Class Matter. Manuscripts and Pbotographs are welcomed by the Editors. Postage should be included If their return Is desired.'

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Editorial and Business Chat PASSING IT ON SOME tangible evidences of the esteem in' which the articles pub- lished in the REVIEW are held by missionary leaders have been multiplied recently. The map designed and prepared for the Missiona1ry Re'Ciew of the World to show how the $10,000,000 has been gathered and distributed in behalf of the destitute Armenians and Syrians, has been ·reprinted in many thousands of copies, and distributed broadcast over the United States with the reports of the Treasurer and Auditor of the Armenian and Syrian Relief Funds. By mistake, credit for this reprint was not given to the REVIEW, but we are very thankful to have that feature of onr ,July number so widely used. From the same number of the REVIEW, the War Work Council of the International Y. M. C. A, asked permission to reprint 1(1,000 copies of the article by Prof. Wm. J. Hutchins on "The Body and the Soul of an Army Camp." This permission was gladly given and the reprints were duly credited to the REVIEW. This article is recognized to be one of the most vivid and truly human pictures of the life in an army camp, as it is seen by one of the religious directors of the Y. M. C. A. work.

The articles by Mrs. E. C. Cronk on "Best Methods" have been attracting very wide attention, and almost every month requests are received for permission to reprint. These articles are of such great interest and value that we are planning to gather them in a book and publish them for permanent use among pastors and officers of local missionary societies.

The articles in the REVIEW and maps especially prepared for the REVIEW are copyrighted, but as our aim is to have them as widely used as possible, we are always ready to grant permission for the reprinting of articles in whole or in part, unless some special reason forbids. It is, however, a very necessary provision in granting permission that full credit be given to the REVIEW, and to the authors whose articles are copied.

OUR CALENDAR -FOR two years one of the features of the REVIEW has been a care- fully compiled calendar of dates, both anniversaries and im- portant missionary events at home and abroad, and conventions or other meetings of general interest to those who are engaged in missionary work. It is difficnlt to determine how much'these dates are consulted, and of how great value our readers find them to be. On account of the limited space and the expense involved in every page of the REVIEW that is printed, we would like to hear from our readers as to· their use of the calendar and would greatly appreciate a card from those who see this note, saying whether the Missionary Calendar would be missed if we should omit it from numbers beginning with January,· 1919. Editorial and Business Chat INCREASING THE PRICE T HERE has never been in the history of the world, so far as records show, such an increase in costs and the price of labor as since the beginning of the war. In many lines of business, wages have increased from fifty to one hundred per cent, or even more; and the price of materials has increased at the same rate. vVe are paying twice as much for paper as in 1916, and the cost of printers' wages has almost doubled. In spite of this fact we are endeavoring to publish as attrac- tive and helpful a magazine without increasing the price. Some other periodicals have doubled their subscription price, and others are considering such a move. The new zone postal laws have also added to the labor and cost. Although the REVIEW is not published for money, and is the organ representing home and foreign missionary Boards, the Post Office has refused to exempt the REVIEW from this zone system. This also in spite of the fact that no profit is made on the REVIEW and that its high standard is ~ept up only by the generous co· operation of friends.

The way out of the difficulty is through the increase of the number of subscribers. vVe are seeking this oecause we are convinced that thereby the missionary cause will be advanced. Our suoscribers and friends can help materially by recommending the REVIEW to others interested in missionary ,,-ork at home and abroad. Every pastor of a Protestant Church in the United States should see the REVIEW, eithcr as a gift from a parishioner or through his own subscription. Every officer of a woman's missionary society and young people's society should take the REVIEW. It would be well worth while for a society to subscribe with its funds, if individuals do not feel that they can afford this amount. The articles on "Best Methods" and the news from all over the world are of such value that the increase in membership and interest would more than justify this small expense. Churches with stations at home and abroad should send subscriptions to their representatives. Laymen and women with broad vision cannot flfforcl (-(J miss the stimulus received through the REVIEW, and every library should have a copy on file for reference.

Our subscribers can help in this campaign by seeing that the REVIEW is in their own church and in the hands of their own pastor and officers; that it is subscribed for by the public library and that others who are or ought to be interested in the missionary cause regularly read the REVIEW. If the words spoken by many of our readers arc true, the results of such a campaign would be very far reaching in the deepening of spiritual life and enlargement of service in America and throughout the world. _ ~F..A…C…T..S…..W…~ ORTH Q…U…O.. TI..N….G…..:~ For Use in Church Calendars and Missionary Meetings.

(Selected from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD for October.) 1. The "Hook-Swinging" ceremony (shown on our cover) is still sometimes practiced in India, though against British law. It is a form of spectacular self-torture by which the Hindu devotee allows himself to be lifted high above the crowd and sus- pended for half an hour or more by hooks caught under the muscles of the back. It is a painful method of obtaining merit and a reputation for holiness.

2. Usurious money lenders are a curse to the farmers of India. Missionaries have started co-operative credit societies to enable the Christians to become independent.

Missionaries are also developing schools like Hampton Institute, Virginia, which give an all-around training for life: (See page 731.) . = 3. Do you realize that the future of woman in Asia will be very greatly influenced by the 200 or more girls from Oriental countries, who are now studying in schools and colleges of the United States? Most of them are preparing to teach in their own lands. (See page 7ffJ.) 4. Are medical missions worth while? In the twenty mission hospitals of Korea over 200,000 patients are treated annually, and none go away without having heard the Gospel. (See page 763.) 10. Burglary in Arabia is punished by tying the thief to a post and whipping him to death. As a result, the crime is almost unknown. A purse dropped in the road will be turned in with contents intact to the chief. (See page 743.) 11. "Referendum and Recall" in Arabia takes the form of assassination of the chief who has failed to satisfy the people by his governmental policy. The leader of the new party then becomes chief. (See page 744.) .~ • HAWAII Progress Toward Prohibition …

A MAP OF THE CONTENTS ..B~ckbone "•' Stiffening the Backbone of the Indian Church'Q2 £.. zZr[.A-.LL,"ANNDD OUR VLUE:W OF THE WOOIRUU.D> IIN THIISS NUMMBER lL.£EAADDIINNCC. ARTICa.L.EES.! A.ND EDIITTOORIIAALLSS .. A.RE2 INDICATED BY TtITT1U.£SS THKE NUMBER OF NHEWWS ITEMMS ON EACH COUNTRY IS INDICCAA.TED BVY AlRtAABIC NUMERALS These Outcast and Impoverished People Need the Touch of Christ, Including Christian Friendship, Education and Social Betterment. (See article on page 731.)

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ 'OL, October, 1918 NUKBIIR XLI. TEN SIGNS OF THB TIMES INTRODUCING NEW IDEAS IN INDIA A N AGRICULTURAL or industrial exhibit may be a great factor for Christian advancement. The people of Africa and Asia who have perverted ideas of the degradation of manual labor, or primitive ideas of methods of work, need to be taught how to live and how to work, They must be stimulated to attain independence and a civilized manner of living if they are to become strong, self-re- specting Ohristians. .

India has been one of the last countries to adopt modern methods of agriculture and scientific ideas of sanitation and sociology. Their poverty and caste system have handicapped them and their religious ideas have hindered their acceptance of scientific ideas and methods of life. An encouraging sign of progress is noted in the exhibition held last April in Gwalior. It was the largest and most interesting ever held in Central India. All the arrangements for the Agricultural Ex- hibition were in the hands of the North India Mission of the Presby- terian Ohurch, "ith which Prof. Sam Higginbottom of India is con- nected_ He writes: "Mr. Don W. Griffin, with his tractors actually plowing, his har- rows harrowing, his pumps pumping, his fine crops of pedigreed wheat and grain, proved an attraction superior to the wrestling arep.a of the exhibition. Dr. Kenoyer in his beautiful research laborat.ory, with ex- periments of all kinds that the Indian farmers could see and under- stand, his charts, microscopes, seed-testing, was more popular than th2 Indian juggler who makes the mango tree grow and bear fruit under a gunny bag. Mrs. Wisner, with her demonstrations of fruit canning and vegetable preservation, showing the people of India a cheap, sanitary and easy way of saving food, was much more popular than the nautch girl. .

"The Maharajah brought the ladies of the palace to learn,.•her methods. As he was a 'mere man' he could not go. in under -!the canopy, which was kept strictly purdah (for ladies) .;The fruit Jwd vegetables were grown 'in the palace gardens, the jars were made in the State pottery, common Indian cooking vessli:ls were"used ahd the l~ttle Indian portable stoves gave the fire for cooking and sterilization. Tb,us attention was drawn to the fact that India could do these things"for herself just as well as depend upon Europe and America for preserved fruits and vegetables.

"Mr. Arthur Slater from Etah had the best poultry show ever seen in India. The first prizes and grand championships were won, not by imported birds, but by birds bred in India from imported stock. Mr. Slater has good reason to be happy over the outcome of his years of labor to introduce better poultry among the low caste converts as a way to improving their economic condition and fitting them to pay the salaries of their own preachers and teachers."

This is all very important in the future of India, as it is distinctly an agricultural country. The latest figures show that India has nearly four million more acres under wheat than in 1915, nearly as much extra under rice, while the area under cotton has increased over four million acres; in the same time her increase in acreage and in yield per acre of sugar shows that she will soon supply her own needs and have a surplus. Thus India is helping to feed a hungry world. It is good sense and good religion for. America to largely increase the number of American agricultural missionaries at this time. There has been a complete revolution in missionary thinking on the subject of the importance of agriculture and industry in the past ten years.' These are now recognized as part of the liberating Gospel of Jesus Christ. Missionary bodies all over India are considering the establishment of schools for training mission leadership in rural education in each climatic area. This will do much to help India to help itself and the industrial training of Christians will help to develop a strong self- supporting church. * Another sign that new ideas are taking root in India is the increasing spirit of social service, in which Brahmins, non-Brahmins] government officials, merchants, educators, Y. M. C. A. secretaries, missionaries-men of different color, caste and creed, work side by side. Recently thousands of people flocked to see an exhibit conducted by the Social Service League in Madura and all religious barriers seemed to be set aside. There was no Charge made for admission, as the purpose of the exhibit was ·purely educational. A very prominent place was given to health and sanitation problems. These practical demonstrations are of especial.value in India where climate and environment are so conducive to disease and where low standards of living make infectious maladies. prevalent. Mr. E. E. Saunders, the Australian • See article by Mr. Mason Olcott on "Stiffening the Back Bone of the Indian Church," (page 731).

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

physical expert, threw such enthusiasm into the organizing of health propaganda and training for high school boys that the municipal authorities endorsed a model play-ground scheme for Madura. India is awakening to the need for better material conditions. She must also become more conscious of the necessity for spiritual life.

UNHAPPY RUSSIA O NLY strictly censored news comes from Russia, so that few real- ize the awful reign of terror that prevails there. Famine stares the people in the face; the civil courts of justice are suspended; the police do not pretend to preserve order; large sections of Petrograd have been reduced to ashes; the military forces are under no adequate control, and use their power to pillage and to oppress the people. There is great danger of Jewish massacres; indiscriminate slaughter takes place in the streets and the Bolsheviki seem determined that if they cannot rule Russia no one else shall do it. Already two German ambassadors have been assassinated and an attempt was made on the life of the Bolshevist Premier Lenine. There is no prospect of educational facilities being open to the people this winter and religious services are impossible for the Bolsheviki are bitterly opposed to the educated classes and to the churches. Everything is in disorder, and there is no human help adequate to cope with the situation. A recent cablegram from Dr. George A. Simons, the Methodist missionary in Petrograd (written as he was about to leave the city) gives the following view of conditions: "Economic conditions growing appallingly worse daily. Many members and friends of our Church, also some Americans, impoverished, starving. Morally obliged to help, but quite unable, having no funds for food to distribute. Now without Embassy and Consulate, Red Cross leaving shortly. American citizens and interests under protection Norwegian Legation. Latter very accommodating. Cholera epidemic almost exterminated, thanks to efficient medical agencies. Present reghne bitterly antagonizes Orthodox Church and its Schools. Atheism and agnosticism most rampant now among workmen whose strong anti-Christian animosity directs itself chiefly against Russian Church as possible reactionary agency. Our conviction is that Russian Christianity will thereby become purified, finally surviving socialistic persecution. Majority workmen and peasants sober-minded and gradually awakening to facts. May future reunited Russia be Christian democracy like America, or, for and by entire people, with untrammeled press, all classes sharing blessing of liberty, equality, fraternity. Our opinion that the heart of Russian nation beats warmly for America. . . . May Christian America not abandon Christian Russia. Need your prayers."

But America and the Allies have not lost hope for Russia. The darkest hour will be followed by dawn. Already with the help of British, American and Japanese forces responsible government is being established in the North, near Archangel, and in Siberia. The power of the Bolsheviki is waning and the Russians are beginning to see the

hopelessness of attempting to reach idealism through anarchy. Rus- sia's need is for sane, strong, God·fearing leaders. After the reign of terror there will be a great opportunity to show the people that their only ground for hope is in Jesus Ohrist. There will also be a great de- mand for evangelical Ohristian education.

In the meantime the Russians are more ignorant of conditions in the outside world than outsiders are of the real state of affairs in Rus· sia. The newspapers printed there are in the hands of the Bolsheviki, and print false statements to show that all the world is in upheaval; that England and Holland are starving; that Ohina and Japan are in the throes of revolution; that America is threatened with an Indian' uprising and that every nation is as hopelessly embroiled as Russia. Now is the time to lay plans for constructive Bible work to follow the establishment of order and to prepare for the education of Ohristian leaders.

TURKEY AND P AN:TURANIANISM W HEN a nation, as a nation, fails to build up a strong enlight· ened government the leaders may either decide to reform their government and other institutions to make them conform to those of other progressive nations, or they may choose to go back to ancient foundations and build on the ideals of their ancestors. Japan chose the former course and has become one of the modern world powers. Ohina is still halting between the old and the new. Turkey is choosing the ancient ideals and reverting to Pan·Turanianism. The young Turkey party follows in the footsteps of their chief ally and seeks to establish itself by the use of physical force and to .extend its influence by increasing the territory under its control. The new Sultan, Vahad·ed·din, is the fourth son of Abdul ~ledjid to occupy the throne. He will be known as Mahomet VI and is fifty·seven years old. He is said to be a quiet man of melancholy disposition who is not likely to prove a force in Turkish politics for he is unfamiliar with politics and comparatively unversed in military matters. He is of a religious nature and interested in 'Western ideas and custom. Some report that he is anti·German in his sympathies. His power as Sultan is merely nominal.

In the meantime the Pan·Turanian movement is growing among the Turks. This means a "reversion to type." The Turks originally came from Oentral Asia and were not Mohammedans-they became such for political reasons and the Sultan was looked up to as the temporal head of the Moslems. Since their attempts to unite all followers of the Prophet in a "Holy War," and since Indian Moslems follow British forces and the Arabs have revolted, Turkish leaders have advo· cated a return to their ancient faith. Their hope seems to be to unite all Turks and their kindred under a new standard, ineluding the Tartars of Asia, outside of Turkey, who are said to number some twelve or iifteen

I millions. The Armenian massacres and the cruelties in Persia seem to' be a part of the general program. Unless the new plans of the Turkish leaders utterly fail and the Turks see that Pan-Turanianism is as hopeless as Pan-Islamism then the Christian missionaries in Turkey and Persia will face new problems. New beliefs and practices will need to be studied and combatted. Already Arabic culture is being discredited. There are in this new movement additional dangers and there are new reasons for co-operative prayer and effort to bring Tupkey to a realization of the fact that their only hope is in the Christ they have rejected.

PROGRESS TOWARD PROHIBITION O N July first of next year the United States of America will be practically a "dry" country, according to legislation recently passed by Congress. The amendment to the Emergency Agricultural Appropriation bill provides that after June 30, 1919, the sale of alcoholic beverages shall be prohibited in the United States and its possessions except for export.

This includes distilled spirits, wine, beer and all other intoxicating malt or vinous liquor. The provisions of this amendment shall continue in force "until the conclusion of the present war and thereafter until the termination of mobilization, the date of which shall be determined and proclaimed by the President of the United States." The object of the amendment, according to its own words, is to conserve "the man power of the nation and to increase efficiency in the production of arms, munitions, ships, food and clothing for the army and navy." The amendment further provides that within the same period, beginning on May 1, 1919, and continuing until the demobilization of the army, "no grain, cereals, fruit or other food products shall be used in the manufacture or production of" any intoxicating liquor. "After the approval of this act," continues the amendment, "no distilled, malt, vinous or other intoxicating liquors shall be imported into the United States" until demobilization.

By a later provision, wine may be imported from Italy up to May 1st, 1919. The bill has another clause of immediate effect as follows: "The President of the United States hereby is authorized and empowered, at any time after the passage of this act, to establish zones of such size as he may deem advisable about coal mines, munition factories, shipbuilding plants and such other plants for war material as may seem to him to require such action whenever in his opinion the creation of such zO'nes is necessary to, or advisable in, the proper prosecution of the war, and he is hereby authorized and empowered to prohibit the sale, manufacture or distribution of intoxicating liquors in such zones."

The penalty for violation of the President's regulations may be one year imprisonment and $1,000 fine or both. The President has issued

an order cutting off the supply of coal and grain from breweries on November 30th. This will oblige them to close.

This amendment is the most important victory won by prohibition in North America. Probabilities are that America will have at least three or four years under the provisions of this amendment, if no other more permanent form of prohibition is adopted. The measure is regarded generally as the death of licensed liquor evils in the United States.

Chairman 1J. B. Musgrove of the Anti-Sruloon League's campaign committee has predicted that the prohibition constitutional amendment, already adopted by fourteen state legislatures, will be adopted by the required number of states by next March, which would make the amendment effective for the following March. Mr. Musgrove believes that the adoption of war prohibition has greatly expedited the work of permanent prohibition.

I t seems that a great conflict and crisis like the present was necessary in order to bring the nation to a realization of the awful waste, diseasf', and demoralization due to intoxicating liquors_ The war has no doubt advanced the cause of prohibition at least ten years. Will tne nation learn other lessons of honesty, purity and reverence without further delay.

MOSLEM WOMEN SEE THE LIGHT_ A STRIKE against polygamy on the part of Moslem women would be an interesting situation. It may come to pass. Already they are seeking emancipation and are holding conventions. At a recent "All-India Moslem Ladies' Oonference" at Lahore, the Moslem women issued an emphatic manifesto against polygamous marriages. For centuries they have endured the wrongs thrust upon them by the Prophet, but now they are beginning to see a light_ The delegates at Lahore not only signed a manifesto setting forth the evils of polygamous marriages, but they also bound themselves not to give their daughters in marriage to any man who already had a wife.

The Indian Social Reformer) commenting editorially, praises the women for their stand. While many men opposed the manifesto, instead of ordering the women back to seclusion, they discussed the question with them through the medium of the press. They pointed out that the Koran permits a believer to have four wives. The women of the conference replied that this was only to check the wild license of earlier days and that the Prophet's real ideal was monogamy. The Indian Social Reformer commented favorably on the action, although the editor is not a Christian. The true emancipation will come when these women see Jesus Christ as the Light of the World.

COMMlENT

~ THE GREATEST WORK IN THE WORLD I N these days when men and women are called to do their utmost and to give their all, every noble instinct impels one to serve where he can make his life count for the most. Many naturally feel a restless ambition to leave home and office and ordinary pursuits for more active war work. Men not drafted enlist; women exchange the duties of home and children to help in Red Cross, hostess house or can- teen work, to study nursing or work in munition factories; pastors leave their churches for camp work and men of all classes leave their business or profession to enter Y. M. C. A. service abroad.

This spirit is commendable, but it should be held in check by good judgment and a careful consideration of one's ability and responsibility in the present task.

The war has accomplished wonders in arousing men and women from their lethargy or the dead level on which they have been living. Many are learning anew the value of time and money and talents. But is there not danger that men. may make unwarranted distinctions as to the comparative value of service in different fields and as to which is the most heroic sacrifice? Is the man who serves in the trenches any more necessary or noble than the man who makes munitions, if he does not do it for selfish reasons? Is the Red Cross nurse any more selfsacrificing than the woman who trains her children at home? Is the pastor who serves abroad any more essential than the one who faithfully leads his people at home? Who is wise enough to estimate which will be the greatest factor in winning the war-the soldiers, the sailors, the statesmen, the munitions workers, the financiers,the physicians, the Y. M. C. A. vorkersor those who save and give, work, suffer and pray in the homeland?

A letter, recently received from a clear-headed member of the.

a American Army in France, gives expression to a view which many over- look. He is young college man and a member of a well·known New York family. He is naturally a leader and an independent thinker; above all, he is a devout and practical Christian. He left the best of worldly prospects to enlist in the army that he might serye the cause of freedom and justice. This letter, written to a Christian friend at hom~ who was hoping to enter Y. M. C. A. service abroad, reads in part as follows: "I'm glad that things have conspired to keep you in the United States, and I hope very much that you will have to stay there permanently. It's a very, funny thing how your perspective changes over here. Of course, it's a foregone conclusion that the fighting strength of the army depends on what's done at home. But I've come to feel more and more than the success of the war depends more on what is done at home than all the military victories

in the world. In other words, when the war is over, will the people be able to take adva,ntage of the openings for good that the war has made?'

"There has been a lot of emphasis put on keeping our armies fit, so that they won't be hurt by the war, and there is a tremendous number of people who are abandoning everything to do that work. The great trouble is that only 1/100 of the nation is in the army, and the rest of the 99/100 is nearly forgotten. And what that 99/100 gets out of this war is the important thing. The war is going to be a success or a failure as they learn or miss the lessons of this battle. It's very evident over here in these nations that are fighting. I hope and pray that there will be people at home to guide the nation to the deeper things of life. Those leaders weren't there when I left. At least they hadn't shown themselves, and I honestly think that the greatest work any place today is right at home helping to bring out those things, and, by the same feeling, I hope that men of vision are kept at home to work there, and for that reason I can't help thinking that it may be a divine Providence that has kept you. So far as I am concerned, I hope it continues to keep you."

Which is the Grcat'cst Work in the 'World? All service which helps to carry out God's program is His work; and the greatest work for any individual is the work for which God has fitted him, and in the place to which He has called him. The work at home for the soldier, the laborer, the business man, the doctor or the preacher, is equally important with the work abroad. Both need to be done. The question is: Which is the work and what is the place to which God, the great Com- mander·in-Chief, assigns me? Wh.ile fathers and older brothers are giving up their lives in the war, it behooves those who remain at home to take up the work of preparing the coming generation of boys and girls for future leadership. These should be better men than those of the past generation, and should not need the awful experience of an- other war to teach them the value of God's ideals. Men are prone to seek the service which is most lauded by other men. The greatest, most noble work for aDly man is that to which God assigns him. If every man and woman were under divine orders, there would be no shortage of workers in any sphere of service.

TilE MORAL AIMS AND RESULTS OE' THE WAR ASYSTEMATIC and effective campaign has been conducted in America to impress on the public the moral aims of the war. Over fifty speakers of national and international reputation traversed the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific addressing conferences and mass meetings which were attended by over 200,000 leaders. Another campaign is, to be conducted during the, coming Autumn led by Bishop Charles Gore of Oxford and Rev. A. T. Guttery of the Primitive Methodist Church.

It is important that the minds of Americans be clarified as to the moral aims of the war and it is hoped that the people may be united in the determination that only moral ends shall be sought. There is no desire in America for territorial acquisition or for commercial advan.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

tage as a result of this conflict. The one aim is to establish and insure righteous government in the world.

There is ground for hope that the moral results of the war will be even greater and more far-reaching than the moral aims. The price is tremendous but we hope and pray that the freedom of Russia, Poland, Finland, Armenia, Palestine and other lands will be a result of the war. The opening of Greek and Moslem lands to the Gospel should be another result. At home, Christians are being brought closer together, non-essentials are being lost sight of and co-operation is emphasized. Lives of self-indulgence have been transformed to lives of self-sacrificing service. Is it too much to hope that the reign of force and of money may be superseded by the reign of justice and brotherly love? This is an ideal that can only be realized by the reign of Christ.

THE COMING ASSOCIATION CAMPAIGN E NCOURAGED by the response of the American public last year and stimulated by the growing need abroad, the Young Men's Christian Association plans for a fall campaign to raise $100,- 000,000 for war work at home and abroad. The Young Women's Chris- tian Association has joined them, adding $15,000,000 for their war work needs. These associations, with the Red Cross, are the principal benevo- lent organizations. Working for the physical and moral welfare of soldiers, sailors and industrial war workers, they have come to empha- .size less and less the religious side of their work, in part because of army restrictions abroad and in part because of the difficulty of securing just the right kind of men and women to conduct spiritual work wisely and effectively. The War Work Council of the Young Men's Christian Association has developed into a tremendous organization, employing Jews and Roman Catholics, Unitarians and in fact men of all shades of religious belief, provided that they are men of ability and good moral character.

The War Work Oouncil of the Young 'Women's Christian Association has also performed a great service. They have now over 450 war workers under the Council, doing, in addition to Hostess House work, club, recreational and educational work for girls in eighty·three club centers. There are 54 Hostess Houses in operation in the army, navy and engineering camps-and 29 others under construction. Ten of these are for colored women. The young girls of the country have been organized into Patriotic Leagues with 410,000 members, in 44 states, 421 cities and 145 student centers.

The associations, with their recreations, meetings, entertainments and other features, are meeting a tremendous need and are a powerful factor in preserving the morale of the troops and helping to win the war. What a great force it would exert spiritually if this energy, spirit and equipment could also be used wholly for meeting man's greatest need-the need of God.

Hindus Reached Through Applied Christianity When the Drst contingent of Indian troops was about to leave for the front, the Y. M. O. A. sought permission to place a secretary on each transport. With the causes of the Sepoy mutiny in mind, the British officers denied the request persistently, until at last consent was given with the restriction that the name of Jesus Ohrist must on no account be mentioned. The Y. M. 0. A. leader thought the matter over and came back with this proposition: "If the secretaries agree not to mention the name of Jesus Ohrist, but will live as nearly as possible like Jesus Ohrist, will you accept them?" An agreement was reached on this basis and the most spiritually·minded men were chosen for the task. The sequel is told by Mr. F. S. Brockman, associate general secretary of the International Y. M. O. A.: ."Then what happened? Among Orientals the lowest man on earth is a barber. In China the only man whose sons are not eligible for the public examinations is the barber. At first there was nothing for the secretaries to do; but Dnally the hair of the Indian soldiers began to grow and needed cutting; and although they themselves were of the low- est class, there was not one of them who was low enough to act as barber to another. And then came the time of these university men, who were called 'sahib' by the Indians. They said: 'This is the thing for us to do.' And they started around serving as barbers. It was not long before those soldiers began writing home, saying: 'When we left home there was no Mohammedan who cared for our souls;. there was no Hindu priest on the boat; there were no Buddhists who looked after us; but these Ohristians, they have been brothers to us; they have acted like they were servants to us. There is nothing they have not done for us. Put my daughter or my son into the missionary school. We want to know what the Ohristian religion is.'

"That brings us back to the words of our Lord: 'I am the life.' And any man who lives the life, though he may for a moment keep his mouth shut, can bear the testimony that needs to be borne. There is no work that we have anywhere more successful in direct spiritual re- suIts and Ohristian propaganda than that we are doing among the Indian troops."

INDIAN FOLLLOOWWEE,R OF

Harry Dutt (Standing at Left) Started with Small UnImproved Egg-Plant and by Two Years Cultivation Produced Plants Bearing Ten or Twelve Times the Amount of the Old Plants.

(See Comparative Sizes of Two Plants.) Stiffening the Backbone of the Indian Church BY MASON OLCOTT, NEW YORK Vice-Principal of Voorhees College, South India (1915-1917) T HE Church oDff Christ in India cannnDot cDonnqquer that mighty land fDor GDod, unless it has the pDowwer to supppDort itself. Bringing Christ into the lives oDff 320,000,000 peDople oDff many hostile races and castes, and speaking a SscCoDrre oDff languages, is tDooo. stupendous a task too. be financed from o.uuttssiide. Too. be sure, funds froo.m other lands are vitally needed now, but primarily foo.r the purpose o.f building up the Indian Church too. be viggQorQous and self-suuppPpQorting. FQorreeign mQonney by itself can never enable the Gospel too. spread as rapidly as the times demand. Hundreds o.f oQuuttccaste villages which are eagprly begging too. be taught. abDout Jesluls have too. be put oQfff, because nQot enQough teachers fQor them can be trained.

AnDotther vital reassoo.n for self–ssuuppPpoo.rt was clearly set fo.rrth in 1866 by a SDouuth Indian pasttQor: "I doo. nQot see hoo.Ww Christianity can becQome indigeennQous oQr the native church can stand oQn its own basis, unless the native Christians put fo.rrth their best effQorts to.wwaards the suppPpQort o.f their spiritual teachers." Only if a man gives his best too. a cause, do.es he realize that it is his very Qowwn. The East Indian has in truth a special claim too. intimacy with Jesus, fQor Qouur Master lived in Asia, an Oriental amoo.ng Orientals. But it is oQnnly by learning too. give mo.re generroo.usly too. advance His Kinggddoo.m that the Indian villager will

know for sure that Christianity is not a Western project, but his own vital concern.

Great strides toward self-support have been made in all parts. of India. The National Missionary Society, which has labored successfully for over a decade in the untouched fields of India, derives all its funds from Indians. A growing number of churches in towns and cities meet all their own expenses. To cite but one example, two Indian churches in lfadras support two poorer pastorates besides their own, and in addition they help generously with over thirty Christian schools.

The Christians in the villages, who form about 90 per cent. of the Indian Church, have times without number given freely to support the evangelistic work near them, but their resources are woefully cramped. How much can a man give away when he earns a bare pittance a day, has a dozen hungry mouths to keep from starvation, and when he is compelled to pay 40 to 100 per cent. interest on his many debts? But worse than that, the usurer accepts no part payments, demanding all the principal or none. Thus a little extra money, instead of serving to reduce the debt, is consumed in some other way. With the decrease in earning power that always comes with pauperism, many of the village Christians have lost all hope for the future.

A missionary in North India wrote me of a man on his compound who had paid $53 in interest on a debt of only $6. Nevertheless, he still owed the original $6 and had to continue struggling with the interest.

In the same village the youngest son of a Christian widow, in order to pay interest on a loan of $33, was working all day long under the scorching sun. He received never a farthing of money wages, only two poor meals a day, together worth two or three cents. No choice was left to the lad but to obey the orders of the caste man. Both his father and grandfather before him had toiled under the burden of the same. debt.

What can be done to free the Indian village Christians from this hopeless, stifling pauperism, and make the Indian Church self-supporting? Giving money to villagers does more harm than good, for it only tends to breed more paupers. The taunt of a government official to a missionary is unfortunately based on actual cases, "You take the sons of the Christians and train them to be sponges, not producers. It's lucky they sponge off the mission and not off the government."

But happily there is a way both to raise men's earning capacity and rekindle their self-respect. Co-operative societies have succeeded in supplying the villagers with the credit that they desperately need. The landholders of a village pool all their resources in the society which, after being registered by the government registrar, can borrow from a bank on the security of the village property. The society c;an then loan out this money to its members at reasonable interest, the debt to be gradually cleared. Since each of the members has pledged .his land

STIFFENING THE BACKBONE OF THE INDIAN CHURCH

as security for the society's funds, he makes sure that they are carefully managed. He also sees that his neighbor repays his debt promptly, for otherwise he can borrow less money for his needs. A villager will not turn a deaf ear to his neighbor's troubles, for they are his own. Thus the co-operative credit societies are training men in a sorely needed lesson, true Christian co-operation.

Every Christian village needs such a society that it may live the abundant life that Christ would give it. Where should we look for leaders to push the movement except to the mission schools? Co-operation in recent Jears has revolutionized the farm life of our Southern NEW PLOWS FOR OLD IN INDIA. Contrast the Little Old Indian Plow [in Front and Now Used Only for Seeding Furrows, with the New Foreign Plow Now Used in the Agricultural– School at Allahahad.

States. Whence has the inspiration come? Largely from the graduates of such splendid training schools as Hampton and Tuskegee, which have succeeded in inspiring their students with a patriotic passi()n for making rural life worth while. They thoroughly train their boys and girls to overcome their economic obstacles, and to unite their own communities in efforts for better living conditions and stronger village schools. These training schools, just because their methods are more concrete and practical, have an immense advantage over the purely literary schools in teaching co-operation. Another vital reason that they can have more telling weight on rural life is that a much larger proportion of the graduates return to live in the villages than can possibly be the case with literary schools.

In India likewise, it is the mission industrial schools, rather than those institutions where English is mainly emphasized, that can help

most in the training of vigorous village leaders. The situation demands progressive industrial and agricultural schools, not to supplant the literary schools, but to supplement their work.

To learn what co-operative credit can do in every Christian village, look at some of the actual results in two villages. The outcaste Chris- tians of Yadiki, a village halfway between Madras and Bombay, owned 120 acres of land, but they lacked the resources to cultivate more than 30 acres. The village was unhealthy and dirty. Most of the cattle had been sold to settle the relentless demands of the money lenders.

But an Indian Y. M. C. A. Secretary united thirteen of the Christian landholders of the village into a co-operative credit society. Their debts to the usurers were wiped out. The village sweeper became the secretary of the society and also teacher of the new night school. The number of cattle owned by the Christians rapidly increased. Instead of 30 acres, their whole 120 acres could now be plowed and sown. The yearly crops from these extra 90 acres lifted the villagers from being starving paupers into the ranks of the self-respecting poor.

In the southwest corner of India, a Christian cook in the village of . Nettur, whose family income was $7 a month, borrowed enough from the co-operative credit society to buy the materials for a home. The result was amazing, a tiny but neat stone cottage with a tile roof.

Mrs. Gabriel, a widowed teacher in the same village, had borrowed money from a usurer to bury her husband. She was paying 24 per cent.

interest on a debt of $20 when the co-operative credit society was started.

'£he money lender, because she could not satisfy his repeated demands for the full-principal, was about to drive her out of her house with her three young children. But by joining the new co-operative society, she completely freed herself from the clutches of the usurer, and in twenty months had repaid to the society most of her loan. Though an Indian widow, she was independent, self-respecting, and able to provide for her growing family. .

The co-operative credit societies not only form a foundation for genuine Christian co-operation and self-support, but they are also a splendid point of contact for direct spiritual teaching. I heard from a missionary that through a co-operative credit society he had obtained a firmer hold in two years on the lives of villagers, than he had by a dozen years of preaching.

Progressive mission vocational schools can do more than train their scholars to be leaders in all true co-operation: they can also help tremendously by teaching up-to-date farming. Their graduates would take out land in a village and start to farm efficiently. From a single farm that prospered before their eyes, the villagers would learn far more than from years of abstract directions on better farming or tons of pamphlets.

A South India missionary says as follows in the Edinburgh Con- ference Report: "The greater part of our Ohristians are mainly depen-

STIFFENING THE BACKBONE OF THE INDIAN CHURCH

dent on the land for their subsistence. The soil is poor * * * but there is reason to believe that with better methods of cultivation, the produce might be increased fourfold." He goes on to say that agricul· tural training would make more Ohristians land owners instead of hired laborers, and thus tend to promote great stability of character.

The common Indian plow is a pointed stick that merely tickles the surface of the ground. I t stirs up the top three or four inches again and again till all the fertility is exhausted, but it cannot go deep enough to bring up the rich soil from below. A gold mine lies ten inches below the surface, but the lazy bullocks and ignorant plowman plod their weary way in the shallow furrow of their ancestors. Mr. Sam Higginbottom has land on his farm at Allahabad which he rented from Hindus a few years ago for eight cents an acre. Then it was waste land merely because the tough weeds were so firmly anchored that the Indian plows had no effect on them. The only profit came from using the weeds for fuel. But a good American plow by uprooting all the weeds made such a change that the Hindus who had once owned the land and charged a rent of 8 cents now repeatedly asked to be allowed to rent it back at $3.30 an acre.

Under the bright sunshine of India, two or three good crops a year can be raised provided the plants get enough moisture. Though the annual rainfall for most of India is usually heavy, nearly all the rain is lost either by running off or evaporating from the ground. During the two rainy seasons the subsoil is usually so hard that the lifegiving water, instead of sinking in to make the fields produce richly, runs off to wash away fertile fields below. Even after the soil has drunk up a little of the rain, the Indian farmer does not know how to keep it there by making an "earth mulch" of the top two or three inches to prevent the sun from opening up deep cracks and leaving the ground bone dry.

A field of tomatoes at Allahabad bore striking witness to the abundant wealth that the soil of India can produce under good fertilization. It was half "trenched" with manure, and half _fertilized by the primitive village methods, but over the whole field the same quality of seed had been sown on the same day. When I was there, the tomato plants on one side averaged three feet and bore an abundance of flowers that foretold a rich crop. On the other side were ,poor, sickly plants eight or ten inches high, showing not one flower and separated by gaps of bare earth.

The Indian farmer sorely needs to obey the wise prohibition of the Law of Moses, "Thou shalt not sow thy field with mingled crops." Sometimes he tries to save space by sowing four or five kinds of plants on one field at the same time. Not only is each crop injured by crowding, but all the later crops are trampled down in harvesting the earlier ones.

Since the ordinary Christian cultivator has no assortment of

seeds, he cannot rotate his crops to get richer returns. His health also suffers from a lack of fresh vegetables which he could easily raise on his own land. A greater variety of seeds and better seeds would thus help him immensely. Cowpeas, for example, are good for man and beast, and enrich the soil as well. But the farmer must be shown the exact method before he will raise any new crop, no matter how small the outlay or how large the benefit.

Here is where the graduates of a Christ-filled agricultural school could play their part. They could not only show the villagers a thousand ways of making rural life worth while, but they could also pass on to the men with whom they lived the joy of service, and the cheeriness of Him who gladly said, "My meat is to do the will of Him that sent me." He wants men to toil for a purpose, not to labor on hopelessly year after year dead to the main values of life. He and His followers can never rest from their work till India's farmers live the God-given abundant life that will bring them to the "stature of the fullness of Christ."

II. A high standard of intelligence, as well as self-support, is essential to the Christian Church if it is going to evangelize India. It is not enough that many of the Indian Christians in the cities are men of culture and keen intellect. The Christians in the villages also, who in numbers form the Ohurch's backbone, must be mentally able to do their share for the Kingdom. They need not be erudite scholars, but they do need to be the masters of their daily perplexities and students of the Bible. Mission schools have helped the villager along these lines, but now because of large masses of outcastes accepting Ohristianity in a group, the present village schools are confronted by a gigantic problem with which they cannot cope. The Mass Movements hold wonderful possibilities for good if the new adherents can be well trained, but what will happen if the Indian Ohurch grows gradually more illiterate?

As far back as 1912, the National Missionary Oonference recorded its opinjon that because of the "marked diminution in the literacy of the Ohristians as a whole," the "educational situation forms one of the most urgent problems of India today." Since then thousands on thousands of outcastes have thronged into the Ohristian community. In 1916 the Bishop of Madras figured that seventy-five per cent. of the Protesants in India were illiterate, and stated that the continuation of such illiteracy would not only hinder, but might stifle the progress of Christianity in India.

A veteran missionary reports from the Telugu field: "One simply is appalled on going from village to village to find that the children are still in the first standard. There are a few schools where some of the children were registered in the second standard. But alas! you must not ask any difficult questions of them."

In a district near Madras, five-ninths of all the Ohristians in the

STIFFENING THE BACKBONE OF THE INDIAN CHURCH

PROF. SAlIf HIGGINBOTTOM, HIS AGRICULTURAL FACULTY AND STUDENTS. These Students Have Come to Allahabad to Study Farming. One of Them Journeyed 2000 Miles. The Demand for Rooms Wa.s So Great That the New Dormitory (on Right) Was Built and Was Immediately Filled.

thirty village schools of the Scotch Mission were in the infant standard, while the remaining four classes averaged only one-ninth of the whole. The missionary told me that over 90 per cent. of the pupils who had stayed in the villages for a few years after attending these school~ could not read a word.

One reason for the poor showing of the rural schools is that they deal too little with the hard facts of life that most concern the village boys. Such subjects as hygiene, thrift, and the rudiments of farming are what the boys need most vitally. But now the schools do less to help the 90 or 95 per cent. who stay in the villages than the 5 or 10 pel' cent. who continue to study books in the mission boarding schools. Though school gardens and handiwork have been tried, they have often fallen flat because the present teachers take no interest in such things. As students their energies were devoted to "cramming the memory with facts and figures for the passing of a government examination." Now as teachers they neither have any enthusiasm for strengthening the life of the village, nor will they deign to work with their hands.

The graduates of a school like Hampton, on the other hand, would be farmers as well as teachers. They would not only be capable of adapting themselves to village conditions and of running school gardens, but they would be eager to dig with a spade. By the humble service of such teacherS, the villagers will "know the truth and the truth shall make them free."

Government officials are relying on the efforts of Christians

schools. Let me quote a member of the Madras Educational Depart- ment, which yearly spends several hundred thousand dollars on village schools, "Government will watch with interest and sympathy any ef- forts in the direction of extending industrial and agricultural educa- tion, particularly for the Christian community."

The conviction that a combination of industrial and normal train- ing is what India vitally needs has been expressed by such men as Mr. Higginbottom, who has been a pioneer in making agricultural work a strong department of a Christian College, and Mr. K. T. Paul, an Indian who is managing all the Y. M. C. A.'s in India and Ceylon, and the Red Triangle work in Mesopotamia and East Africa. The British committee on mission education also put itself on record that the principles of Hampton Institute offer the best means of meeting the menace of illiteracy that threatens the Christian community. Such all round training in addition to the educational advantages would have direct spiritual benefits. In the coming century it will be no less effective in introducing non-Ohristians to Christ than literary schools have been during the past century.

The main goal of such a school would not be manual training alone, but a sound training for life as a whole; not industry for its own sake, but industry as the servant of morality. General Armstrong, the founder of Hampton Institute, said truly, "Labor, next to the grace of God in the heart is the greatest promoter of morality, the greatest power for civilization." Our hard-working Master Himself said, "He that is faithful in that which is least is faithful also in much."

III. Still another essential to an enthusiastic Church is granting to manual labor the honor that it deserves_ Many well educated Chris- tians would themselves be more vigorous if they had the physical train- ing and stamina that comes from hard manual work. A higher valuation of physical labor will also weld together the Christian community more strongly into one unit, an end for which the leaders of the Christians are working hard. The call of the villages was the main note struck at all the Christian student camps held throughout India in 1917.

However, it is very difficult to root out contempt for manual labor in a land for centuries fettered by caste, especially among men whose mental training has not kept them from faHing into a hard, narrow rut of selfishness. It can be said of such men, "They cannot dig, but to beg they are not ashamed." Literary education in India, instead of weakening men's loathing for physical labor, has usually strengthened it A missionary reported at the Edinburgh Conference on mission schools: "I am convinced that the education we are now giving our Christian boys and girls under the present system is altogether too ·literary and considering their circumstances and condition of life, we may say that it is not at all suited to them. We are undoubt- edly creating a lot of drones instead of a lot of workers. We are unfitting these boys and girls for any useful service in life. * * *

STIFFENlNG THE BACKBONE OF THE INDIAN CHURCH

If manual training were introduced into our schools, * * * our boys and girls would learn the dignity of labor-a thing which they now despise."

The industrial training that Paul received was an important part of his life equipment. Though one of the noblest intellects of all time, he earned his living by sewing tents. Plans for remolding education should also be guided by a saying of one of India's grand old seers: "Howe'er they roam, the world must follow still the plower'S team; Though toilsome, culture of the ground as noblest toil esteem."

Even the most aristocratic of Hindus will do physical work when the incentive is strong enough. At Allahabad I have seen Brahmin students from conservative native states tilling the ground with the purpose of gaining a first-hand knowledge of farming. But more than that, these Brahmins, who are supposed to have a monopoly of wisdom, were laboring under the direction of a Christian whose parents had been untouchable outcastes!

IV. Finally, in addition to the Indian Church bearing its own financial burden, being thoroughly intelligent and appreciative of manual labor, it mU8t be trained to a greater 8elf-reliance. It is encouraging that recently the lay members have been roused more than· ever before to their privilege of spreading the Gospel. Many definite evangelistic campaigns, using the Indian methods of personal work and gospel lyrics, have been carried on by all the Christians of a· town. Often a church body in a large area had thrown itself heart and soul into a special "Week of Evangelism." During one of these, a quarter of the members of the South India United Church took time from their ordinary occupations to sing and preach the Good News.

But a far greater self-reliance must be bred in all the Christians, for the Church is confronted by enormous obstacles which she herself must overcome by applying to them God's wisdom. A grave defect in the training of Christians in the past has been that too many questions have been decided for them. The paternal concern of the missionaries has sometimes overstepped itself, and prevented the Indian Christians from gaining experience by making their own decisions. They cannot always remain "babes in Christ."

Another obstacle has been the excessive worship of book learning as an end in itself. What is needed is a more practical and virile training. The boys must be taught to rely more on themselves in facing their daily problems. Such a training is found in farming, as the Tamil proverb says: "They nothing ask from others, but to others give, Who raise with their own hands the food on which they live." All round education is required for all Christians,-not training of the mind alone, nor of the hand alone, but of the whole man, body, mind and soul. Character and resourcefulness are strengthened by learning· any useful trade. If the student is well ta·ught, he will

constantly be thrown on his own resources to train him for the day when he must manage for himself on his return to his village. Trades like fancy cabinet making that cater to foreigners and make it hard for boys to return to their villages are not specially needed. What the boys must have to mold them into stalwart men are the simple trades that meet the simple needs of village laborers.

An Indian friend of mine had twice failed to pass his examinations for college because of attacks of fever. Being the son of a poor Indian pastor, his mission had given him a high school education for almost nothing. But in spite of such a good start, he was still depending on the mission for employment and support.

Two years later he was a different being, robust in health, self- reliant, and enterprising. If anyone wanted a thing done well, he went straight to Harry Dutt. What had wrought the change? Catch- ing the spirit of the wide-awake Agricultural Department of Ewing~ Christian College. Out-of-doors work had made him strong enough to resist the assaults of fever. After Mr. Higginbottom had rented him .five acres on which to prove his worth, he realized that his whole future depended on his own hard efforts. Though the land two years before had been renting at less than $7 an acre, Harry Dutt in one year made a clear profit per acre of $32.

Because of his industry and his ability to convince men of better methods, he was made an instructor in the school. Before learning to farm he would have been fortunate to get $8 a month, but afterwards the Maharajah of Bikaneer who has 700,000 subjects and a Maharajah of Gwalior with 3,000,000, each offered him a starting salary of' over 830 a month to manage estates for them. Aside from the prestige of such positions, the salary was almost beyond the reach of any but full college graduates. However, Harry declined these tempting proposals of their Highnesses in order to stay with Mr. Higginbottom.

Harry Dutt's financial success was merely a by-product of his growth in Christian character. From being lackadaisical, he became brimful of "push" and "go." From being a dependent sponge, he had grown into a man of backbone. But best of all, Harry Dutt became indomitable in presenting the Good News to Hindus.

The Indian Church will experience a similar regeneration when all the members grasp the message of Jesus in all its strenuousness and vigor. It is largely because mission education has not kept close enough to the problems of daily life that many Christians have never realized the fruitful activity that God expects of them. The foregoing facts show that a sound policy of mission vocational education is essential to making the Church more fully self-supporting and intelligent, and also to breeding a deep respect for physical labor and a thriving spirit of self-reliance. Vigorous vocational education must therefore be adopted to stiffen the backbone of the Church that it can win over India's enormous human power to fight for the Truth and the Right.

A DROVE OF CAMELS AT KUWE'IT

What are the Missionaries Doing?

PRESENTING CHRIST AS THE SAVIOUR OF RACIAL INDIVIDUALITY BY PAUL HARRISON, M.D., BAHREIN, ARABIA Missionary of the Reformed Church in America .

T HERE are some very curious ideas abroad about the work of the missionary, and as to the character of the races for whom he works. I was asked not long ago: "But are the Armenians really worth saving?" As showing' another extreme, I remember sitting on the second·class deck of the "Spanish Mail" one hot summer afternoon a year ago, and discussing with an Englishman who had lived many years in Singapore, the question whether the West really had any contribution to make to the East. There is much sincerity in these inquiries, and we will try to consider now just what it is that we are trying to do in our missionary work, and incidentally a few things that we are not trying to do.

We are not striving to change men's customs. I enter an Arab house, and remove my shoes, while I leave my hat on. Why not? It is just as defensible as to remove my hat and leave on my shoes. Indeed, from the sanitary standpoint, the Arab's is the better way. And when I eat with my hands, or more exactly with my right hand, who has a right to object? The right hand can be washed as clean as a spoon, and much cleaner than many spoons are washed. The houses that the people of the Orient live in, and the clothes they wear, may appear very grotesque to us. No doubt the houses might be benefited by a little more

fresh air and sunlight, and the clothes at times could stand more frequent washing, but we are not there to change these things.

We do not go there to revise their educational system. No doubt the curriculum might be extended in many cases with benefit, but schools there have some features that possibl'y we of the West might profitably study. The Arab boy starts to school at about the same age as he would if born in America. He sits on the ground in a small room with perhaps twenty or thirty others. He reads at the top of his voice, and a school at work can frequently be heard for a block. The teacher sits on a little platform in one corner, and he is armed with a pole long enough to reach the most distant pupil. If attention flags, and some small boy turns to whisper to his neighbor, the teacher takes the long pole and discipline is administered with no loss of time whatever. A shocking system! Ridiculous! But the small' boy in that school will be reading the Koran with fluency in a year's time, and indeed sometimes in less. The Koran is difficult Arabic, too. I am not certain that our own educational methods can show as good results. Indeed, I have often wished myself a trained pedagogue, so that I might study that Arab system more adequately.

We are not out there to change methods of thought. The way the Oriental thinks is not our way. One night in Kuweit, I was sleeping in the yard of an Arab house, which in those days served as our hospital. My own room, inside, was so infested with fleas that it was almost uninhabitable. The door of the courtyard was open as it always was, and somewhere about three o'clock in the morning, I was waked up by someone pulling on my arm. "Wake up, Sahib. Wake up. I want some medicine." Night calls in Arabia usually mean some serious emergency, so I woke up with some speed. "Yes, what is the trouble?" "Wake up, Sahib," repeated the woman, "I want some medicine." I was getting waked up by now, so I replied with more intelligence, "Yes, this is the place people get medicine. What do you want it for; where are you hurt?" "I have a pain in my shoulder," she said, "and 1 have CDme twenty days' journey to get to this hospital. Just as soon as I arrived, I came straight here." "We are very glad to see you," I replied. "How long have you been suffering this way?" "It is six years now," replied the withered old woman. "Six years! Well," I said, "the medicines are all shut up at this hour, could you come around a little later, say at eight o'clock? There is plenty of medicine, and you are not expecting to leave the city before then, are you ?', "Oh, no, I will come any time you say." So she went away and came back at the specified time, and received her medicine. Of course we would not be guilty of imposing on a doctor at that hour of the night unless there was some reason for it. But there is something very attractive about a mind that works in straight lines, and has no sidetracks, and the last thing that we want to do is to train it into the same modes of thinking as our own, if that were possible, which, of course, it is not.

WHAT ARE THE MISSIONARIES DOING?

Nor are we there to revise their governmental system. The Oriental believes in an absolute monarchy-a thoroughly bad system which should be abolished.. Perhaps. But the best regulated cities that I have ever lived in are in Arabia, and the most democratic, too. It was a great surprise to see administered under the forms of an absolute autocracy such a perfect democracy. The system works exceedingly well in Arabia. A chief is invested with absolute power. "Whom he would, he slew, and whom he would, he kept alive" is the whole governmental philosophy. The chief's functions are two. He must protect the poor from the rich, and he must maintain public order. Both are done with Oriental directness and simplicity. When I lived in Kuweit, that city had not known a burglary for years. I suppose that if I had left a pur~ of money in the public road, there would have been nine chances out of ten that the following morning I could have recovered the same purse, with the same money, by asking for it at the castle of the chief, where the finder would have carried it. A few months after I left that town there was a burglary. Three Arabs went out and burglarized two houses. The three men were caught, at least the chief said that they were the men. I hope they were.. Questions are not wise under such circumstances. Those three men were taken out and tied to three posts, and whipped to death. I was told that one of the men by mistake was not whipped enough, and got well. It is possible. A ghastly way of punishing burglary, but it will probably be years before it is needed again. "The foundation of a good government is fear," as an Arab ruler told me once.

The poor are protected from the rapacity of the rich in an equally efficient way. When the accumulation of some man becomes so great that the equitable distribution of society's wealth is jeopardized, he is sent to enjoy the pleasures of Paradise, which every orthodox believer knows are greater than any possible pleasures on this earth, and his possessions are dist.ributed among the impecunious retainers of the chief. So are the objects of the Socialist. attained with efficiency and dispatch. This very thing happened when I was in Bahrein. Bin Gemma was the richest man in all Kateef. (And it is not necessary to waste any pity on him either. He deserved all t.hat he got and more.) One day Bin Gemma was invited t.o come and see the chief. He has not been seen since. Nor does anyone expect to see him till they enter the experiences of the next world. His property has been divided up among the retainers of Bin Saoud, the chief. I suppose that there is no country in the world where the poor are so considerately treated by the rich as in Arabia, and it is easy to see why it should be so. As soon as the death of a rich man would increase the popularity of the chief, the life of that man becomes exceedingly insecure. It behooves him therefore to see that his standing in t.he community is such that his death is not desired. During the first two years of the European war, the British Political Agent at Bahrein saw famine staring the people

of those islands in the face. It was impossible to sell pearls at any price, and the whole community depends on pearl·fishing. The hard times came. People were desperately poor, but there was no want, and no call for any help from the Political Agent. No one starved. No one was hungry for want of food, nor cold for want of clothes. The resources of the rich were at the call of the poor till the stress passed. A system that works as well as that is worthy of respect, at least.

It works equally well on the side of the chief. His power is abso- lute. No one questions his decisions. If he takes a man out of the Bazaar today and executes him tomorrow, no one rises to demand an explanation. But he does nothing of that sort. He knows that the popular will is his only support. The people do not' care who is chief. One man is as good as another to them. Just as long as the chief is strong enough to rule them efficiently, strong enough to protect the poor from the rich, and to preserve public order, so long are they his enthusiastic supporters. But if the public· order is not well main- tained, if the poor begin to be oppressed by the rich, there develops in that community a faction of discontented citizens; who desire a change, and as misrule continu~s, that faction increases, and when it includes perhaps half of the people its leader assassinates the chief and takes his place. It is the old original form of the recall, and it is a very efficient form too. I remember one such old chief, in whose judgment hall I have frequently sat. A strong handed, cruel old despot, who would not look at a bribe, and who had as his first thought the real welfare of his people. The city prospered under him, and that city of probably fifty thousand and more inhabitants was better governed, I ihink, than any city of equal size that I have ever seen in America. We are not over in these countries to revise their Governmental systems. The systems as they exist at present have much that is most commendable and any change that must come, should come from their bands, not from ours.

But there are some things that those people do need. What are Jhey? One of the striking things to be noticed in Arabia is the almost complete absence of partnerships in business. There is, indeed, almost no co-operation in anything. And the reason is that no one can trust anybody else. The fault runs down deep in their character. There is a fundamental failure to recognize the sacredness and the solidity, the finality of Truth. An illuminating incident occurred once when we were out on a tour in Oman. My Arab guide one windy evening warned me to beware of the scorpions. "The scorpions will come out tonight," he said, "for it is blowing." I knew that the place had plenty of scorpions, but was not clear why there was anything additional to fear on such a night, so I inquired further. "The scorpions," answered my informant, "are very much afraid of mosquitoes. The bite of a mosquito is quite sufficient to cause the death of a scorpion, and on quiet evenings when the mosquitoes are about, the scorpions are compelled

WHAT ARE THE MISSIONARIES DOING?

to keep inside their holes, but on an evening like this one, when the wind keeps the mosquitoes away, the scorpions will be out in great numbers."

I expressed some incrednlity, but he assured me that this was a matter of common knowledge, that he had seen it, or if not, many of his friends had, and that it was a well authenticated fact. "Well," I said, "it is an easy matter to test, and a fact of some interest if it is true." So I decided to test it the following morning. But the next morning, when I asked him to secure some scorpions from the inhabitants of the district, my friend seemed a good deal surprised, and when I explained what I wanted them for, he was full of deprecating apologies. "Oh, well," he said, "Oh, well, I don't suppose that it would really work that way if it was tested; n.ot necessarily at least. Of course people do talk that way, but I am quite sure that if you tried it out you would not find that the scorpions really died." No. this was not a case of deliberate falsehood. In a curious way, almost incomprehensible to our Western minds, tha.t man really believed what he told me, even though he knew it was not so. The truth has in his mind none of the unconquerable solidity, none of the finality it has for us. A falsehood is just as good as the truth for the foundation of an argument, or a course of action, or an entire life, or indeed an eternal destiny. In a word, there is no. difference in the essential value and reliability of Truth and Falsehood.

There is another thing that the Arab needs, and that is a touch of fundamental humility which can see the defects of the present-at least to the degree of desiring improvement. I remember one night talking for a long time with an Arab on a housetop in Mesopotamia. "Yes," I said to him, "you have the finest country in the world, and if you only had a good government, and would irrigate the land properly, you would see a marvelous change. In the place of your poor, insufficient food, you might have plenty, and in the place of the wretched rags that you dress in now, you could have good clothes. In the place of these villages of mud houses you would have great cities and a magnificent civilization." As I finished, the Arab turned to me and replied: "I like it hetter the way it is." "Which is better," I said, as I took the two from my pocket, "this copper cent, or this five dollar gold piece? Your country now is the copper cent, what it might be is the gold piece, which is better?" "No," said the man, "I like it better the way it is." The independence and the self-respect of the Arab are magnificent, but the missionary's patience is often worn thin by continual contact with an impenetrable conceit and self-~atisfaction, which sees no imperfection in their own :flea and louse-ridden society, and looks with contempt on the bathing infidels.

There is at least one other thing that the Orient needs. Possibly it is the deepest need of all. While I .am at home on furlough, I still ]reep up my friendship with some of my Arab friends? by means of cor-

respondence. One of these friends, particularly, I consider as one of the most perfectly natural gentlemen that I have ever met. He is vastly better than the men around him. He is vastly better than his own prophet Mohammed. He is a benevolent Customs House keeper, which is' almost the same as saying that he is a white blackbird; a sincere, kindly gentleman, beloved of the whole coinmunity,-one of the few men against whom I never heard a single word from anyone, during visits in his city which aggregated several months. But when I sit long hours in that man's guest room, I do not see his wife, nor does he eat with her. Indeed, when I desired to ask after her health, for she is a friend of one of our women missionaries, even when we were quite alone I dared not insult him by asking the question directly, but must ask concerning the welfare of "his house." That man, with all his virtues, has two wives. The most serious indictment against him, and against all that society, is not that polygamy is permitted and practiced. Every man can have four legal wives; he may have as many concubines as he has money to pay for. He may sell his concubines as he does his cattle. They are simply slave women who bear him children. He may divorce anyone of his so-called legal wives, by returning her dowry, and sending her away. But the serious need in that society is not constituted by the fact that the law permits such things, and that many practice them. The serious need is constituted by the fact that the conscience in these matters seems to have disappeared. Heaven, as drawn in their sacred book, is a place where sexual relations are limited neither by law, -nor by fatigue, and the normal life for a man on this earth is just as close an approximation to Heaven as circumstances permit.

This is not advanced as an adequate analysis of the need of the non- Christian world. It is advanced simply as an indication of the type of that need. Only a few months ago, a man hunted me up, after listening to a missionary address. "Don't you know," he said, "that all those people need is single-tax. If only their property laws were revised on that basis all these other things would take care of themselves." That may sound foolish, but essentially his mistake is no greater than that made by all who are anxious to take to the non-Christian world the veneer and the polish of our Western civilization, and are hoping for its regeneration as a result of such gifts. Some of us are not very . proud of Western civilization these days, and the effort to transform the Orient into a land of half-baked Americans, is not futile and foolish merely, it is wicked and wrong. These civilizations have in them elements of great value. It may even be seriously questioned, I think, how much superior our own civilization is, as compared with theirs, when we remember how the worship of trade profits, and military glory, taints our whole structure. Whatever changes come in those civilizations, must come as a growth from within, and not as a veneering from without. Our gift to the non-Christian world is the regeneration of individual character or it is nothing, and worse than

WHAT ARE THE MISSIONARIES DOING?

nothing. We take to them the teaching and the example and the power of Christ. Essentially that is all that we do take to them. The Life that they gain from Him will work out its own results in civiliza· tion,and in the organization of society.

I pass on with no discussion of what that means as to the char- acter of real missionary work, and the type of men who should go as missionaries, to say at once that this means not the weakening or the minimizing of that regenerated individual's racial peculiarities, but their strengthening and reinforcement. I attended a Presbyterian Church in Japan. It was not a Mission Church. There was, I think, a smaller percentage of European clothes in that audience than I met on the street of the city outside. Scarcely anything that I saw in Japan pleased me more than this. The Christian Arab is going to be a better Arab than before. He will eat the same sort of food, and wear the same sort of clothes, live in the same sort of house as he used to. He will think the same way. He is an Arab, and his new life in Christ has made him more of an Arab than ever. We want an Indian Church, which shall be the keenest center of nationalism in the Empire, and a Chinese church made up of the most devoted patriots that country affords. Christ is the reinforcer of racial peculiarities, and of racial loyalty. .

Now, of course, it is evident that the evolution of.society is toward more contact between the East and the West, and not less, that, however the missionary may sigh for a country free from Western trade, he knows that such an idea is a Utopian dream. The treasures of the Oriental mind, perhaps the most precious things in the world today, are not going to be preserved by imitating King Canute and ordering the tide to go backward. These racial peculiarities can be preserved, and their contributions to the sum total of humanity's development need not be lost. There is one agency that is working for their preser- vation, and so far as I know, only one. That is the enterprise of Foreign Missions, the second of the great forces at work in the Orient today. If we can put into those races the needed character and life, their contact with the West will strengthen and not destroy them. It will indeed develop them as nothing else can. And it can be done.

Christ is capable of meaning to them not merely individual regenera- tion, but racial preservation, reinforcement and development.

In all the affairs of the world today, I know of nothing as magnifi- cent as Christ's ambition for the nations, and no enterprise as splendid as our own, as we try to carry that ambition out. It is not a vision of America or England or Germany dominating the world, and impos- ing her civilization upon it, but a world made up of all the races, stand- ing together, equal in opportunity and development, each contributing its own peculiar and indispensable addition to the common resources of Humanity; equal in each other's sig~t and in God's sight-the com- pleted Kingdom of God.

TO HANOI, THE CAPITAL OF

French Indo-China as a Mission Field BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT Author of "Arabia, the Cradle of Islam," etc.; Editor of The Moslem World "'THE beginning of the Gospel of The only Protestant mission in all Jesus Christ the Son of God', Indo-China, with its five provinces c'est fa meme chose, fa meme chose," and its eighteen million souls, is that said the French officer to me as he of the Christian and Missionary Alliread the familiar opening words in a ance. Perhaps there is no part of the world with so great an area (over small French Testament I had given 700,000 square kilometres) extending him, and then spelled them out in a for one thousand miles from north to Romanized Mark's Gospel in the An- south and with so large a populatiori namese language. We were leaving so greatly in need of the Gospel as this French possession, including as it Saigon, the capital of Cochin-China, does the three protectorates of Anand I secured his permission to dis- nam, Tongking and Cambodia, and tribute a quantity of these newly the colony of Cochin-China. A land printed gospel portions among the of huge mountain ranges to the north, hundreds of Annamites on the poop- of rivers and vast plains stretching to deck of our mail-steamer, all of them the fertile rice fields of the deltas; bound for somewhere in France as with a warm, moist climate and nearly labor-corps and apparently glad to do everywhere covered with luxuriant their part in loyalty to their colonial vegetation-an almost inexhaustible governors. "The beginning of the supply of fine timber (15,200,000 Gospel"-the words kept coming back acres of forest) andd a rice export in a to me as I thought of what this ex- single year of over a million two hunodus and its return might mean for dred thousand tons. The chief min- eral product is coal, although copper Indo-China. Here in their hands was and iron are also found. The chief exthe first translation of the living Or- ports in addition to rice and timber, acles and before them the mysteries of European civilization-also its horrors on the long battle-front.

FRENCH INDO-CHINA AS A MISSION FIELD

which head the list, are pepper, cin- ~NG 'l:HAN!f Iof,l.RC, 16 57 namon, cotton, raw silk and vegetable oil; the total exports in 1914 were val- Villi Itry ngai, rl)i d! de trong blly~t da dft due ued at 332,335,000 francs. g~ua dil l6'n, va da Iiiy m6t bOn 11.. ma Ian ch~n t7 cU'a bn~~t I~!. 4'Yit khi ify co .bit Ma-rie Mag- The population consists of Anna- d~-Ia cung ba Ma-rie Iii m~ 6ng. Jo-ses, do coi mese, Cambodians, Tais, Chams de l<ac ngai o-ddu. (most of these are Moslems) and aboriginal tribes, the Mans, Mers, Boanthu- mU"lri sau Lolo, etc. The Annamese are the most numerous, aggregating 15,000,- 1 'Y4y qua khOi ilgay.Sab-bat, ba Ma-rie Mag. 000; the Cambodians come next with d8-la. b,iI Ma-rie Iii ni~ 60g Jac-ques,eimg ,ba 1,300,000, followed by the Tais with 1,110,000, and the Chams 100,000. Sa-la-me dll mua thu'tie thO'm tho :ma dell xue The aboriginal tribes number about half a million, while the three protec- 2 dc Duc Chua J~sus. 'Bulli mai cl..e ba IIY den torates also include a "foreign" population of 300,000 Chinese and 45,000 ml) ngai sam I~m, la ngay thu nhli-t Irong luan Europeans and Eurasians. Among all these native races the Annamese 3 Ii!, mit khi mi),t triri rniri mQe Jen. 'Va. eac ba. IIY are said to be the most civilized-thev noi eimg nhall rang: Ai s~ ellt hon ila Ian TIl are nearly all agriculturists. Trade [s in the hands of the Chinese; the Tais ~ khoi cua mll eho ta? ~Ma khi xem l:j.i, !hi tbllY live in the mountainous districts, where they raise cattle; and the Cam- " hOn da, Iii da ](m llith, dii Jan ra khOi. 5L~i bodians engage in forestry, fishing and hunting. khi cae bIl IIY vilo, trong ml), Ihi xem U1IIY mOt ngllai trai ngl)i b~n huu, milc &0 dAi tmng; The Messageries Maritimes Company and other French, Japanese and 6 thi cac bIi IIY lay lam II) HIm. 6Ngll6'i ti-ai lIy noi Chinese lines of steamships call fre- ~ung cac hi! nily rling; Bay cM Ii;;y lam I~ ; bay quently at the three great ports, Saigon, Tourane and Haiphong; and hm Je-sus Na"za·reth, dii chiu dong dinh-,' Iren from these a network of railways and macadamized roads already extends cdy tMp IV; ngili dli s5hg I"i; llgili ch!ng cOn inland. The tourist landing at Hai- 7 (y. day: n~y lit nO'i di; dijt ngili. 'SOI!g eac bit hay phong (thirty-two miles up the Cuacam river) on the stone piers and dl n61 cung cac mon-dll ngai Va (jug Pi-er-re driving by rickshaw or carriage up the Boulevard Paul-Bert to the Gare rling ngili di troug lUi- Ga-li-Iee tl'U'o'C cae oug : Central might imagine himself in the suburbs of Paris. This city has a 0- do lhi bay se xem tMy ngili, nbll ngiti dli population of about 50,000 and has three daily trains to Hanoi city, the 8 pMn cung bay ngay tmac. "T1i-c tbi cae ba IIY capital of Tongking and the seat of the French Governor-General. From r,:t _khOl mo ,mil troll di, vi run fily viI-l1fy I~m I, Hanoi there is a well-built railway right through Tongking to the capital lam; vII cae bit IIY chilng dam noi cung ai Mt, of Yunnan pmvince, China-one of bOi vi lily iam,sQ' hiii. ' those great trade arteries that are 9 rAy v:)y khi Duc Chua Je-sus songl~i rlli,llI destined to become highways not only bulli sam mai'rigay Ihu nhUt trong toiln Ie, thi of commerce but of the Gospel. AL- tnIac Mt ngili hi~n fa v6'i bit Ma-rie Mag-da-Ia, ready this railway, stretching north- la bil ma ngili dii dulli ra khoi t!'Ong miuh dU'O'; ward 761 kilometres, is the shortest A PAGE FROM THE GOSPEL ACCORDING and quickest road to all Western TO MARK-IN ROMANIZED ANNAME'SE.

China. At Saigon it was my privilege to see something of the marvelous enter- prise of the French in road-building and railway construction. The repre- sentative of the Standard Oil Com- pany (a type of the Christian man- hood one loves to meet in the Far East) took me in his automobile all around the city and its environs. We saw the steam-tramways that go every half hour to Cholon, the railway that runs for 410 kilometres to Nhatrang and automobile roads, kept in as per· feet condition as the roads of France, in eYerydirection. In other lands the camel, the donkey, the palanquin or the house-boat are used for mission- touring; but here an easier way for God's messengers has been prepared to a large extent by the enormous out- lay for good roads and their scientific

construction. By automobile and by ninth century have in the opinion of railway train a large proportion of the trravelers no rival, even in Luxor or cities and villages are accessible. .' A Baalbek. telegraph system–one of the best in the Far East and a postal service sec- The earliest history of Annam goes ond only to that of India-bind to- back to about 2,800 B. C. when the gether the capitals and chief toowns of kingdom was vassal to China. It reall the provinces. The post-office at mained so until about 100 A. D., when revolt broke out and Annam became A F ARMER OF COCHIN-·CHINA. an independent state until again con- quered by China about 1400. Other Saigon is a fine building with the most revolts followed and a second indemodern equipment and faces the noble pernrd'>ent dynasty arose in 1428, which cathedral on the main square. Saigon kept the throne until the eighteenth is a Paris in miniature and has its century. In 1856 the Taiping rebels Theatre Municipale, bronze statues, made trouble in Tongking and in museums, a botanical garden,', clubs, 1859, because of the murder of 1M1yr hospitals, cinematographs, a public li- Diaz, a Spanish bishop, Admiral brary of 12,000 volumes, pagodas, Rigault appeared in the harbor of temples and mosques. The dock, Bas- Tourane with Spanish and French sin de Radoub, is one of the largest in troops and also took Saigon and the . world and cost seven million landed garrisons. Gradual conquests francs. The ruins of Angkor in the or peaceful penetration followed and vicinity of Saigon is one of the great- step by step the whole of the country est tourist sights in the world; and in became a French colonial possession. extent, beauty and variety these That a great work of civilization, eduancient temples and monuments of the cation, commercial andd' industrial de- velopment has been achieved no one can doubt who studies trade reports or the two interesting volumes on An- nam by Colonel E. Diguet; but he ad- mits that mu<c:h remains to be done.. The chief thing is to win the affection of the people. "J'ai insiste," he writes,1 "tout particulierement sur l'att'itude toute nouvelle que d'oit pren- dre la France vis-a-vis des Annamites, si eUlle veut reconquerir leur affection qu' eUlle a laissee lui echapper. Le di- lemme est inelucttaabbllee.:' on bien MUS perdrons ll'I]ndo-Chine, oau bien nOmltSs rendrons aux AnnMammites, dont ilt noaus {faut tl'amiittiief a tout prix, lfe rang soaciale qui leur revient comme individus, fl'ex- ercice reel de l{''aaddmmiinniistration et de la justice de leurs concitoyens, et la tran- quiilliiUtt que leur a enlevvee notre sys- teme fiscal."

Whatever other barriers may exist, apparently there is less r:aace prejudice than in Java or India and the lan- guage-barrier between the people and their rulers has been surmounted by the authorities with considerable suc- 11 Col. E. D1lguett:: Annam et Indo-Chinae Francalse. Paris. Vol.. II. p. vIl1I.

FRENCH INDO-CHINA AS A MISSION FIELD

cess. The prevailing language is the writes the Rev. R. A. Jaffrey, Super- Annamese, regarded because of its intendent of the Christian Alliance pronunciation, accent and use of Chi- Mission, "that the interpretation of nese characters as very difficult. The this treaty given above is correct, but French have therefore introduced a for the time being it seems best to method of transliteration and now humbly submit to the restrictions teach Romanized colloquial in all the placed upon us by the local authorigovernment schools. This policy, ties, praying meanwhile that God will, however, has resulted in the neglect of by His Providences, overrule it all the old literature and in consequence and open a wide door to the whole of the old religious influences have less Indo-China which no man shall be hold on the people. An increasing able to shut." number of the natives speak French and all the newspapers are in that lan- guage or in Romanized characters.

In 1898 the Governor-General es- tablished at Hanoi City L'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme Orient similar in character. to those at Athens, Rome and Cairo for Oriental research in antiquities, art and literature. It publishes a bulletin, has a large library and in some respects does the work of a university. There is also a medical school with a maternity hospital, a school for nurses and charity-hos- pitals or dispensaries in several centres. When we consider the religious and social condition of the people, however, there is only one word that describes the situation-neglect. Roman Catholic missionaries have long been in the field and have done much.* They have built costly churches and established schools and gathered a considerable number of natives and AN ANNAMESE WOMAN AND CHILD. Eurasians into the Church. But they have ~ot given the Gospel to the peo- There is good reason to believet!l;lat ple nor translated the Word of God after the present war the attitude of into the vulgar tongue. According to the French Government will be more an old treaty of 1874 it is aIlleged that ifavorable to American missions in only Roman Catholic missionaries can North Africa and Indo-China. But be permitted to propagate the teach- even if this should not be the case we ings of their religion in any part of must not forget that long neglect, trythe colony that is not considered ac- ing climates, political barriers, nationtual French possession. This interpre- al jealousies and religious intolerance tation at present restricts Protestant in all the unoccupied fields are only· a missionary 'work to the three cities of challenge to faith and intended of God Haiphong, Hanoi and Tourane, and to lead: us to prayer. All difficulties the Province of Cochin-China, includ- can be surmounted by those who have ing the largest city of Indo-China, faith in God. The kingdoms and the namely, Saigon. "We do not believe,"

* According to some authorities there are OTer 700,000 Roman Catholic Christians In French Indo-CChh.lna.

governments of this world have fron- under good: leadership have proved tiers which must not be crossed, but their ability as soldiers. Their family the Gospel of Jesus Christ knows no life and social institutions are very frontier. It never has been kept with- similar to those of Southern China bein bounds. It is a message for the cause for many centuries Confucian whole race, and the very fact that ethics have been dominant. The Anthere are millions of souls who have namite as regards religion is often at never heard the message becomes the the same time a Buddhist, a Taoist strongest of reasons why we must and a Confucianist, without undercarry it to them. Every year we hear standing much regarding the differof further advance into these regions ence of these three systems of religion of the world by commerce, by travel- or philosophy. He seems quite indifers and by men of science. If they ferent whether he secures a Buddhist can open a way for themselves, in priest or a Taoist, to preside at the spite of all these difficulties, shall the funeral of his parent and is guided ambassadors of the cross shrink back? more by pecuniary motive than by any other. Animism is at the basis of all his religious thinking, so that in addi- tion to the Pantheon furnished by these religions he has special worship for local deities or demons. Each vil- lage, Col. Diguet tells us, has gener- ally a small Buddhist temple, a pagoda, where the local saints are worshipped, other pagodas for the Taoist cult, a pagoda to the god of lit- erature in honor of Confucius, while each house has its own altar for the worship of ancestors, for the god of the hearth and the god of the kitchen (Ong-tao). The common people live in an atmosphere of superstition. One who spent a lifetime among them and studied their home life says that without exaggeration the poor An- namites may be compared to flies caught in the intricate web of gross superstition, slowly struggling to free themselves, but always terrified at death.

SAIGON CATHEDRAL. The Church of Jesus Christ is the sale custodian of the message sent The people of Indo-China need the by God. Weare debtors to every land Gospel. Their natural good qualities and every people still in need of the of sobriety, patience and docility when Gospel. Christ gave his disciples a transformed into active virtues by the world-wide commission. We rejoice new life of God may make of them a therefore to see the beginning of the strong race and one with a great fu- Gospel in this needy field. Although ture. At present the French consider the workers are so few they have them untruthful, vain, dishonest and seized the strategic points for occupagiven to idleness. They have, how- tion and have already begun to gather ever, shown remarkable courage and sweet first-fruits of the coming har- vest. The British and Foreign Bible Society has been in the field for some years, although the Scriptures

FRENCH INDO-CHINA AS A MISSION FIELD

distributed by them have been largely and glorious work of salvation will be in the Chinese characters. This is un- seen among this people. Indo-China derstood by a limited portion of the is one of the last lands of the earth educated class. The use of the stand- to hear the Message of Christ's salvaard Romanized, which has been tion, and shall we not dare to believe taught in the French Government that a mighty work shall be done in schools for many years to the dispar- the power of the Spirit of God, simiagement of the Chinese characters will lar, for instance, to the great ingatherbring the Message to many who can- ing of souls among the Koreans and not read this character. Rev. H. E. some of the aboriginal tribes of Anderson, previously a missionary of China?" the English Wesleyan Mission in Wuchow, has been appointed as sub- REV. W. C. CADMAN BAPTIZING FIRST agent of the British and Foreign Bible PROTESTANT ANNAMESlil CONVERT IN HANOI. Society for Indo-China. It was my privilege to meet Mr. Anderson at BIBLIOGRAPHY. Hongkong and learn from him some- Colonel E. Diguet-Les Annamites: Sothing of his plans for the development ciete, Coutumes, Religions. Paris, 1906. of the work in this great field. Mr. Colonel E. Diguet-Annam et Indo-Chine Francaise. Paris, 1908. Pp. 184. and Mrs. Irwin of the Christian Alli- Official Guide to Eastern Asia, Vol. v. ance Mission were with me on the Pp. 117-230. Tokio, 1917. steamer and landed at Tourane to take L'Asie Francaise, Bulletin Mensuel. up their work. Last year the mem- Report of Indo-China Mission-Christian bers of the Church at Tourane num- "and Missionary Alliance, New York. bered seven, and now eighteen"more L'Indochine Francaise. Par H. Russier have been added to the Church by et H. Brenitlr. Paris.. Armand Colin.. baptism. This makes a total member- Choses de L'Indochine Contemporaine. ship of twenty-five at the end of the Par. M. Rondet-Saint. Paris: Plon-Nouryear. There are many earnest en- rit et Cie, 1916. quirers who are attending the meetings regularly and seeking to know the Way of Life. An invitation is given at all the meetings to any who desire further and to definitely accept the Saviour to come to Mr. Irwin's home for prayer, and almost daily one or more inquirers come to the missionary, desiring to be led to Christ. Mr. and Mrs. Cadman have begun work at Hanoi, the capital, where there are at least 130,000 Annamese. Hitherto they have" devoted most of their strength to the work of the revision of the four Gospels, and the Acts of the Apostles, in the Standard Romanized Annamite language, called Quec Gnu. Yet here also there have been baptisms.

"We believe," says the acting superintendent of the Mission, Rev. R A.. Jaffrey, "that the Lord is about to do a great work in Indo-China, that He truly has much people in this land, and that in the short time that may inter- vene ere His return to earth, a speedy

in China's Crisis-II

BY GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY, LL.D.

Secretary for Asia, Young Men's Christian Association As Oanton, is a typical city in the south of Ohina, so Peking is a typical city of the north. The record in these centers show how the Ohristians of Ohina are organizing in a growing movement for personal evangelism, which is spreading over whole sections of the continent of Asia.

We spent ten days in Peking, conducting meetings among the vari- ous classes of students, officials and merchants. On the day of our arri- val we met some six hundred Ohristian workers who had been trained and prepared for the evangelistic campaign. The next day at noon we had a meeting with the returned Ohinese students from America and the English speaking educated leaders of the capital, appealing to. them for moral leadership and Ohristian living to save their country in this hour of crisis. This was followed by a dinner with some two hundred Ohinese officials, including four members of the President's Oabinet, several generals of the northern army, the leaders of the Ohinese national banks and railways, the departments of Foreign Affairs, Education, Agriculture, Trade and Oommerce. We spoke to them frankly of the imminent danger in which Ohina is standing today and of the immediate necessity of setting their own house in order and saving the country. We pointed out that mere knowledge of the moral precepts of Oonfucius cannot hold a nation in its present crisis, but that only the mighty power of the living Ohrist can give the honesty, purity, courage and strength needed to save this nation in its hour of deepest need.

On the third day we began a series of meetings in four sections of the city, working with the leading denominations to reach the higher classes of non-Ohristian students and officials in Peking. At the Presbyterian Mission the audience was composed largely of Manchus and a number of non-Ohristians came out boldly on the side of Ohrist. During the two days following, meetings were attended by a thousand men each night in the Oongregational Ohurch. These men sat for two hours each evening listening to two addresses. A break between the addresses enabled several hundred Ohristian workers to deal personally with their non-Christian friends and help to lead them to an intelligent decision. Each night many non-Ohristians confessed Ohrist publicly, until the number had reached several hundred. A third series was held in the Methodist Ohurch, with twelve hundred picked men in attendance. Here also several hundred non-Ohristians decided to enter the Christian life. The series held under the auspices of the Anglican and London Missions was also fruitful. In fact every night a number of non-Christians made the final decision for Christ. On the last night twelve hundred men gathered in a conservation meeting. When asked how many Ohristians had won a man for Ohrist during the week, or had seen a friend whom they had brought to the meeting make his final decision for the Christian life, several hundred Christian workers rose to their feet. Then a much larger number of non-Ohristians who had entered the Ohristian life during the week arose. These men have now been enrolled in Bible classes and are being prepared for baptism.

Following the meetings in Peking three years ago, an average of six hundred non-Christian students and other men attended Ohristian Bible classes for two years, and more than two hundred and fifty of these men were baptized and received into the churches. A very much larger number will join the churches this year, as the work being done by the Christians themselves has been incomparably stronger. Our meetings indeed have only been an incident in what we believe is a great growing indigenous movement of personal evangelism in the Ohristian' churches of China, where the rank and file of Ohristian laymen are actually learning to win men for Christ and are going out to extend Christ's Kingdom in their own land. This is the most encouraging fact in the present hour of crisis in this nation, and the movement is spreading also in India and other parts of Asia.

Iu addition to the meetings held in the churches of the city, we had time to visit some of the colleges. At Tsing Hua, the American Indemnity Oollege, more than fh;e hundred young Chinese students are being trained to enter ,the colleges and universities of America. A number of them decided to enter the Ohristian life and twenty-nine were later baptized in a single church. On another day at the great normal college, where fifteen hundred of Ohina's future teachers are being trained for educational leadership in all parts of this great republic, several hundred non-Christians stayed to an after-meeting and almost fought for tickets to gain admission to the Ohristian meetings. This was due to a feeling which is spreading among the educated classes of China today that the moral maxims of Oonfucius are not sufficient and that some new power must be found to save this nation. They are turning with open mind to examine the claims of Jesus Christ to see if they can find in Him what they need for the individual and the nation.

We left Peking with hearts filled with thanksgiving for what we have seen the living God do through the Chinese Ohristians. The work had been theirs, and that is the reason it is so encouraging. On all sides there are Ohina's ancient temples and altars, great city walls and palaces, which are now showing signs of decay and decrepitude. The old order is dying, but a new life is being born in the heart of this ancient capital.

This is the hour of our supreme opportunity to help Ohina. A new spirit of sacrifice has been awakened throughout the length and breadth of America through the present war. Surely this must be utH-

ized not only during but after the war. Can it not be turned into new channels? Once peace has been declared, we must give our- selves not only to reconstruction at home but world reconstruction. Thousands of men have offered their lives in the great sacrifice. Many of these men have caught the vision of service and many of them will be ready to offer their lives to the cause of missions abroad when the war is over. Can we not find the moral equivalent for war in the vast need of China and Asia?

We have awakened to a new sense of national responsibility. America's isolation is a thing of the past, it is gone forever. We have taken our place as never before in the world's life. To America China looks as to her best friend. We will have the men, the money and, the resources to meet the demands of Christian missions as no other nation in the world. Europe was impoverished and exhausted by three years of war before we entered the struggle.

Now is the time to pray and work for this great nation in its hour of crisis. Are we to sink back into a life of ease after the war is over, or shall we turn this stream of sacrificial living and giving into new channels of blessing for the whole world? May God help us to do our duty by China in her present hour of need.

Whereas four years ago the aim of our campaign in China was to present the Christian message to the largest possible number of leading non-Christians and to endeavor to lead them as inquirers into Bibleclasses to study the life and teachings of Christ, the aim this year was to bring prepared men to final decision, to win them by personal work on the part of the Ohinese Christians themselves, and to relate them not only to the church as members, but to lead them into active service to go out at once and win their non-G!uistian friends. Thus the meetings were only a passing incident, while personal work and the steady efforts of Chinese Christians to win their friends to Christ was the constant and important factor.

In the twelve cities visited we were inspired by the sight of Chinese Christians working as never before for their non-Christian friends. In each city "double-meetings" were held each afternoon or evening, in which two addresses, each of about an hour in length, were given, with an interval between for personal work, each Christian explaining and applying the message to his non-Christian friend.

In Hongkong we found a carefully selected audience of six hundred picked men, one-third being Christian workers and two-thirds prepared non-Christians. Each afternoon the hall was filled with student audiences and at night with business men. Here again a large number made their decision to enter the. Christian life, some of the students especially undergoing great sacrifices, forfeiting their scholarships for education in America or Europe.

In Amoy the church was crowded with workers and prepared non- Ohristians. The principal of the leading non-Christian institution in

FACTORS IN CHINA'S CRISIS 757

the city decided for Christ, as did a number of the students in the mission colleges. On the last night a pastor led out some seventy converts who had been won by the workers of his church or who had made the final decision for Christ during the week.

In Foochow, the "City of Joy," there were some four hundred Christian workers who had been carefully trained in twenty personal work groups started by Mr. Buchman and his party. Meetings were held for government students in the walled city and for merchants on the south side and for students in the Christian colleges. Several hundred men decided for Christ and were enrolled in Bible classes in the twenty-nine churches of the city, including seven Confucian classical teachers, and a number of these converts have already been baptized.

In Shanghai the meetings were conducted under the leadership of the Ohinese pastors themselves by Dr. Chen Wei Ping, with splendid results, the foreign members of the party being detained in Foochow, owing to the lack of steamers. The work in Shanhai proved conclusively that the success was due in all places to the preparation made by the Ohinese Christians themselves and to the fact that the work was truly their own and not that of foreigners.

In Nanking an audience of a thousand prepared non-Ohristians and workers filled the hall. Among the twenty or thirty officials sitting in the front seats, the strongest character of them all was the Assistant Oommissioner of Police, Mr. Wang. On the second day this man who had sat with the non·Ohristian officials on the first day, came forward on the platform as the Ohristian chairman of the meeting, and boldly stated to the whole audience why he had become a Ohristian. He said that he had hoped that the revolution and the republic would solve China's problems, but that he had now learned that Jesus Christ was the only hope of China. At the close of the meeting he and five leading Ohinese Ohristians, one the son of a former governor 'and grandson of Ohina's great statesman Tseng Kuo Fang, and Mr. Wen, the governor's advisor on foreign affairs, gave their testimony for Ohrist, many in the audience being moved to tears as these men spoke.

The local committee in Nanking reports: "Every meeting was crowded and on Saturday and Sunday there must have been nearly eleven hundred people in the audience, the meeting lasting for three hours. One of the finest results was the decision of nine teachers in the language school. Another meeting of intense interest lasting for three hours was held in the University of Nanking. Eleven men out of twenty·two in the English department of one of the government normal schools are now Christians, and there is now a Christian in every govern- ment school in the city."

In Hangchow, in spite of the rain, the meetings were well attended and a number of leading men made their decision to enter the Christian life. A local missionary writes: "You remember what a sensation was produced when Mr. Wen was baptized three years ago. There will

be ten or twelve men, returned students from Japan, government school teachers, professional men and the like, baptized the day after tomorrow. God is working here in a wonderful way; I have seen nothing like it since I came to China. There is not only a willingness among men to become Christians but a hunger for it and each man expresses his anxiety to become a real Christian and soul winner. It is simply wonderful."

In Hankow, after a meeting with a hundred returned students from abroad and a meeting with the gentry and two meetings with the Christian workers in the London Mission church, a fine audience of nearly a thousand carefully prepared non-Christians and Christian workers gathered each night in the cathedral. On the last night these men were divided up by denominations and enrolled in Bible classes.

Any success attending the meetings was due not to the meetings themselves but to the wonderful preparation which the Chinese Christians had made since the training classes which had been inaugurated by Mr. Buchman and his party. In the London Mission fifteen groups of personal workers with five in each had been meeting for some months and are continuing to meet after the meetings are over; in St. John's Episcopal Church there were ten groups, and in the cathedral congregation twenty such groups.

In Changsha, in spite of the devastation of parts of the province owing to the fighting and looting of the soldiers and the unrest in the city itself, a large church was filled with nearly a thousand prepared men and workers. Several hundred men registered their decision to enter the Christian life, including some of the students in Yale College and all the non-Christian seniors in the medical school.

In Tientsin the last of the series was held and here as elsewhere several hundred men made their decision to enter the Ch~istian life_ In almost no place were large meetings held, few audiences exceeded one thousand in number; the whole aim was for quality rather than quantity, intensive rather than extensive. Any measure of success was due to the century of missionary seed sowing which had gone before, and to the splendid preparation and the personal work done by the rank and file of Chinese Christians themselves. This movement for personal evangelism is the most encouraging thing that we have found throughout the length and breadth of this great republic during these months; and here in the Church of Christ is the hope of China.

After returning from the battle front in France, it seems to the writer that there are three great crises in the world today; one in the war zone, one in Russia, one in China. -What is to be the future of Europe? What is to be the fate of Russia? Is Ohina to be united or divided, saved or lost, conquered or free? Never was there a time when China faced a greater crisis in her history. After visiting many of the provincial capitals on four tours during the last twelve years, and during the last twenty years the different countries in Asia, one

FACTORS IN CHINA'S CRISIS

is driven to confess that he has never seen a nation in such desperate Heed, in such imminent'danger, or facing such a supreme crisis as is China today.

After four thousand years of self-government, China seems to be .~: 'wn' of losing her independence. As a friend of China, I believe in the inherent strength of the Chinese people, in their great past and tll?il' mi~ht.v future possibilities. I write not as a pessimist but as an optimist and as one who believes that Chani may yet be one of the greatest if not the greatest Christian country in the world, far in ad- vance of the Christian nations in Europe and America today.

China stands today in imminent peril of a great national humilia- tion. It is plain to anyone who visits China and travels throughout the land that something is the matter, that the trouble is radical, funda- mental and widespread. After four thousand years, China seems to be almost at the point of breaking down in her government and is in danger of moral and material bankruptcy.

The man who today is probably China's leading patroit says: "The outlook for China is exceedingly dark and very seriously danger- ous. The whole country is torn by factions. As a result of this internal strife there is really no spot in China which you may call safe, where life and property are adequately protected. What will happen to China I do not know; whether she will live as a nation I do not know.

I think we have only to try to think of ourselves as at the throne of Christ; that God after all rules the world and that the destinies of all nations are in His hands. "We need Jesus Christ today because we need more light. There is utter darkness and it is largely the ignor- ance of the people that has been the cause of all the great trouble in China. We need Christ because of the richer life which he brings; and I do not believe that richer life can come to China unless we have a penitent life with which to begin. The root of all evils in China is the love of self. Those evils produced by such sins as concubinage, gambling, seeking power and wealth are largely due to selfishness and to the idea that man himself is the most important. Christ comes and teaches us to think in terms of God, in terms of humanity. This is the only hope, so far as I can see." These words from this great representa- tive Christian patriot seem to voice the deepest feeling of China's Chris- tian leaders throughout the land tOday.

In this movement for personal evangelism lies the hope of China.

In this hour so dark politically but religiously so bright, let us go for- ward to meet the need of China.

In North China, where Dr. Eddy held meetings and where there was a subsequent mobilization of Chinese Christian activities, some of the results were as follows: In Peking 543 men and 332 women held' 524 meetings and reached an audience of 61,000. In Manchuria 6,000 workers took part, and 1,000 villages were reached.

Women in

BY MARGARET E. BURTON, Author of "Women Workers of the Orient," etc.

ABOUT two hundred girls from Oriental countries are students in schools and colleges in the United States. Half of them are from Ohina, more than one-fourth from Japan, and the others are from India, Korea, and the countries of the Near East. Many from Ohina and a few from other countries, are supported wholly or in part by their governments. A few are supported by the Mission Boards of the schools from which they have come. A surprisingly large number have come quite independently, ambitious for the best poS!'lible opportunities for education, but with little idea of the amount of money it requires to live in America, or of the difficulties involved in "working one's way." They represent about every type of background which the Orient affords today. Some are from the homes of wealthy and prominent non- Ohristian officials, some a,re from cultured Ohristian homes, as ideal as any to be found in Ohristian lands, others are from very poor homes, which were willing, however, to permit their daughters to go to the mission schools to be educated, and some are the wards of mission schools, taken by the missionaries in babyhood. The majority are from mission schools, but some are from government institutions, and some from private schools. Most of th~m are Ohristians, but there are among them Oonfucianists, Buddhists, Hindus and agnostics.

These young women from Oriental lands are preparing for almost every line of work which women in any country have ever entered. Not a few of them are looking forward to using their education in and through the homes which they are planning to make some day soon_ Kindergartening and domestic science are very popular among those who are definitely looking forward to marriage on their return. A few are, in fact, already married to young men so progressive as to be eager to give their wives every opportunity which they themselves have had.

In view of the needs and opportunities for educational work for women in the Orient, it is natural and right that many should prepare themselves to teach. And there is almost no subject in which some Oriental woman is not specializing. A few are preparing to be kindergartners, a few are taking training to be physical directors, several are in Bible or Missionary Training Schools getting ready to do distinctly religious teaching, but the majority are preparing to teach the ordinary branches of high school and college work. It is interesting and encouraging to see how many are specializing in sciences. Two Ohinese girls, sisters, are this year doing graduate work in two great universities. One, having graduated from one of the large women's

ASIATIC WOMEN IN AMERICA

colleges last June, with high honors in botany, is now working for her Master's degree in horticulture and forestry. The other, who graduated two years ago last J nne, has already 'received her Master's degree in chemistry, and is now well on the road to her Ph. D., and is attracting not a little attention by her original research into the chemical proper- ties of various kinds of Ohinese food, as, for example, bird's nest soup, and "Ming dynasty" eggs. A number of Oriental girls have received their Masters' degrees in education, and one Brahmin from India seems well on her way to her Ph. D. in that subject. .

In view of the attitude of Oriental women toward men physicians it is good to know that a number of the girls studying in this country are taking medical work. Of ten Ohinese girls, sent by their govern- . ment this autumn to the United States, on indemnity fund scholar- ships, four are planning to be physicians, one of them a dentist. Still another Chinese girl came to America last year to attend a School of Pharmacy; several Oriental girls are also preparing to be nurses; three Ohinese women are at present in the Nurses' Training School at Johns Hopkins University, all of them being supported by the nurses' scholar- ships established for Ohinese women a year ago by the Rockefeller Foundation. Great interest in various forms of social and religious work is shown by the Oriental women. Sociology is always a popular subject. The sister of the two Chinese girls who are now studying for higher degrees in scientific subjects, graduated last June from the Chi· cago School of Civics and Philanthropy. The National Training School of the Young Women's Christian Association numbers girls from China, Japan, India and Armenia among its graduates, and there are many Oriental women in the various Bible and Missionary Train- ing Schools.

But whatever may be the background from which these girls have come, and to whatever kind of work they may be returning, certain it is that everyone of them will be a leader of unusual influence among the women of her country, because of the very exceptional opportunities which have been given her. The Young Women's Christian Associa- tion has, therefore, felt that everything that could be done to help these girls to see and know the best, rather than the worst, of Occidental civilization, during their stay in this country, would touch not only their own lives, but the great host 'of their countrywomen whom they will so strongly influence, for good or ill, in years to come.

For a number of years the Christian Association has invited every Oriental girl stUdying in the United States to be its guest at one of its summer conferences. Eighty·five accepted this invitati.on last summer. Probably few things during their stay in America have meant more to them than the opportunity these conferences have given them to meet many of the finest type of American women students from many different colleges, and to hear and become acquainted with several of the strongest and best known ministers and other Christian .

leaders in America. The conferences also serve to bring them in touch with each other, for during the year they are widely scattered in many different schools. For several years the Ohinese and Japanese girls in the various conferences have kept an hour each day free for separate Ohinese and Japanese "council hours," and have spent that hour, under the leadership of one of their number, discussing a program drawn up weeks in advance of the conference, and dealing with matters particu- larly interesting to them as educated Oriental women. Two quotations from letters received from Oriental girls who last year attended the Silver Bay Oonference, give a little idea of what such a ten days may mean to them: One is from a Ohinese girl who belongs to a nominally Ohristian family, but who has never seemed deeply interested in Ohristianity, and who has given some of her friends not a little anxiety since she came to this country, by her carelessness about church attendance, her indifference to the college Ohristian Association, etc. She writes: "Every time I kneel down to pray I cannot help asking God to make the seed which has been sown in my heart at Silver Bay this year to take deep root and send out a fruitful result as the days go by. I'm sure I can't ever thank you enough for giving me Silver Bay. I often wish that this place was a little bit like Silver Bay. While we are having the greatest time in sports, etc., our souls (at least mine) are longing for something more spiritual."

The other letter is from an Armenian. She has passed through a very agony of suspense and grief this year, and sorrow has been added to sorrow. She says: "I think I owe to Silver Bay that I am not ending this wretched life of mine."

For a little more than three years, the National Board of the Young Women's Ohristian A&sociation of the United States has succeeded in keeping in close touch with these Oriental friends throughout the year, by the visits of a traveling secretary. This secretary goes to the colleges where Oriental women are studying much as a guardian, or older sister might go. She is interested to learn about their health, their studies, their living conditions, the kind of friends they are making, what they are going to do during vacation times, whether any special problems or perplexities are troubling them, etc. Often she discovers that very concrete help 'is needed. Sometimes it may be a loan from the Loan Fund which the Young Women's Ohristian Association has established for the use of foreign students, lending them sums which are to be returned, without interest, when the girls have returned to their own countries and are self-supporting. Occasionally· it is a gift from the "Emergency Fund" which is designed to meet acute needs on the part of students who ought not to be asked to promise to repay the amount .given. Frequently it is advice or provision for the puzzling vacation periods, when other students go to their homes. But even if there is no immediate need at the time of the secretary's visit,

DO KOREANS NEED MEDICAL MISSIONS?

the fact that the Young Women's Christian Association cared enough to send her, establishes a relationship which makes it possible for these girls, so far away from home, to turn to the Association very naturally, if they are ever in need of sympathetic advice and help.

A special bit of service, which the Association has very much enjoyed, has been in connection with the two groups of Chinese women students sent to America on indemnity fund scholarships. It has been the privilege of the Association, at the request of the Cbinese government, to recommend both the preparatory schools at which these girls should spend their first year in America, and the colleges to which they should go later, to carryon much of the correspondence regarding applications for admission, and, after their arrival, to do all possible to help them become adjusted to their new life.

It is the earnest hope of the Young Women's Christian Association that its friendly relations to these Oriental women, and whatever service it can render them, will make each one feel that the Christian women of the country to which she has come are genuinely interested in her, and are eager to make her years among us mean the utmost possible to her and to those to whom she will return.

Do Koreans Need Medical Missions?

BY REV. HARRY A. RHODES, A.M., SEOUL, CHOSEN A Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

T HERE are some twenty mission hospitals in Chosen, treating an- nually over 200,000 patients. There is a Korean Medical Associa- tion which holds two or more meetings a year. The Severance Union Medical College is probably one of the best in mission lands, and has an enrollment of about eighty students in training. The Nurses' Training School 'has an enrollment of thirty. Most of the mission hospitals have native graduate physicians and graduate nurses and other efficient assistants. Strenuous efforts are made by all missions to have at least one foreign doctor and one foreign nurse in each hospital.

But is this a satisfactory program for Chosen? Since the annexa· tion of the country by Japan eight years ago, some friends have expected the Japanese to care for Korean medical needs. Japanese medical work, however, is not enough. Medical missionary work is still needed as an entering wedge into many a dark valley and into many a dark heart in Chosen. Think of the effect of 200,000 patients coming into contact with Christian physicians and their Christian assistants. None go away without hearing the Gospel. Then, ilQo, the missionary is in Chosen to relieve suffering. He cures the mal~etl, the halt, the blind; he is'able to stay the spread of disease. The edica! profession is not over-crowded in Chosen and will not be for ge erations to come.

I

Every efficient hospital in Chosen has more than it can do, and the Koreans are dying without medical care, being punct~red with "chims"

(needles) , swallowing concoctions of deer's horns and bear's gall, writh- ing under the burning of punk and sulphur, going crazy in a fever under the beating of drums and the wild incantations of the sorceress to drive out imaginary demons.

The philanthropic purpose of medical mission work is one of the strongest reasons for maintaining it. Mission hospitals in Chosen re- quire all patients who are able to do so to pay a small fee, so that the hospitals can be maintained with only small annual grants from mission funds. But anyone who knows anything about the poverty of the Koreans, knows there must be a small army of patients who can pay nothing, but they are not turned away for this reason. In most'

mission lands in the Orient there are no public organized charities, no asylums, no homes for the aged and poor; everything except mission work is on· a money basis. Woe to the man who has no relatives to care for him in illness or old age! The mission hospital will take in the outcast, the incurable, the demented, the penniless and care for them asa Good Samaritan. The missionaries give medicine, food and clothing, a warm room, clean sheets and a bath, all the time explaining the Message of Life.

But there are still other reasons for the maintenance of medi.cal mis- sions in Chosen. The Ohristian population, of 300,000, will be doubled and trebled shortly and needs Ohristian physicians and nurses. May the young converts be preserved from godless physicians, nurses and others whose only interest is money and the joys of scientific investiga- tion! We need doctors and nurses who will not only want to make a living, but who will want to live a life of service; who will be satisfied with small fees or noile at all if need be, but who will give Christian counsel and comfort as well as materia medica. Ohristian Koreans need a vast amount of teaching along medical and sanitary lines; the care of children and of mothers, the laws of hygiene and sanitation, the/, preparation of foods, scientific home remedies, co·operative community efforts against germs. To have such medical instruction given by Chris- tians will be of incalculable value in the interests of evangelization.

Naturally, in view of the Japanese system of well organized hospitals and medical schools, and with their new gOvernment regulations for all medical work, the missions must be still more and more efficient than formerly. This involves expense, but no hospital or medical school in the home land can have such rich returns for the money invested as are received in a mission land. No doctors or nurses at home can have such a rich fruitage for life's labors, such a range of intere:sting cases professionally, such opportunities to be pioneers, such a multi- tude of lives to be touched, as they can have on the foreign field. Philan- thropists and Christian workers can nowhere find a better investment than in Korea. .

~ Jt ..- .B.. "E""S.T ~M1liE:.T….H….O….Duvu.S…_ .• ~ l(j

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chaiman of the Committee on Methods of Works of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards Precept and Example for Mission Study T wo of the most successful Mission Study class leaders in America have furnished the precepts. The examples have been gleaned from classes all over the land. They prove that successful Mission 8tudy is possible in great cities, in smail towns and in rural communities.

FOUR MAXIMS FOR MISSION covered a full knowledge of the irri- STUDY gating systems of Utah but no clear per'ception of any Mormon doctrines, By Mrs. Eva C. Wade or evoked enthusiasm concerning silk worm culture in Japan without any A mission study 'book is the most hint of interest in Christian education concentrated curriculum in existence. of the Japanese. All of which proved Under one simple and unassuming that you had not "majored" in mis- cover lie courses in geography, his- tory, psychology, etymology, mathe- ysoiourn~se"lfanadndhaydounrotcladsesfinaiteglryeastetmfiosr- matics, agriculture, ancient and mod- ern languages, sociology and sionary truth around which all these theology. Its themes range from other most interesting truths should ancient cults and religion to the mod- center. In this conneotlon it is well ern development of civic conscious- to urge the value of reading prefaces, ness; from Oceanica to Oshkosh; forewords and dedications in books. from moral aims to immoral pagans. Like the bibliography, they seem non- Its pages teem with foot-notes and existent to some leaders who believe references, and its bibliography lists in a course of teaching, unhampered fascinating books that expand the by the narrow restrictions of author curriculum to the proportions of a and authorities, as cultivating more correspondence s c h 0 0 1 catalogue. fully the imaginative faculties of the Therefore it may well be that both students. However broad your field . teacher and student of mission study of learning or whatever tempting by- books stand rather appalled before paths of instruction you find, remem- each fresh volume as it is hurried ber in this case your definite business from the press and pressed upon the is to magnify. the great, vital impulse hurried. And, in such perplexity, it of Christian missions and explain its has been known to happen that all of manifestation in this particular field these courses represented in a given under discussion. However discreetly book were taught in "spatter work" you word it to encourage the uninter- method without any particular refer- ested or the uninformed, let your cen- ence to the title which would indicate tral theme be clearly the one which animated those who provided this the chief reason for the book's exist- book for inspiration and instruction. ence, and tb~ real missionary theme. And let this theme be repeated and made familiar as the various parts of 1. "Major in Missions" the book are studied and related to it, thus naturally making evident that Doubtless you recognize the need you "Major in Missions." of this from those painful moments when you conducted a review and dis-

2. "Clear Outlines Required" contribution to dearer understanding Written as these books are by fine of the subject. Even the girl who had and fallible people with fine and true no talent but the making of paper purpose, they do not pretend to be the dolls made a whole chapter vivid by final word on any subject, and none her paper costumed dignitaries and of them bear the classic phrase "Noli prelates; and the other one, who was a me tangere." Nay, brave souls have devotee of the movies, came out with even dared to differ from some state- unexpected reinforcement of facts con- ments made therein just as they would cerning scenery as shown in a recent from theological volumes or scientific educational film. And, making the bulletins. These books are guides Ito study book live before your class, make independent thought and further re- sure that the truth of the study book search by both leader and students. will live and find fruition through your Therefore a clear and complete out- class, for the last maxim is- line of the special missionary truth presented in this book may well show 4. "Make Your Class Count"

rearrangement, addition or subtrac- For that is your final test as a tion of material found in the book. leader and the final test of your teach- And the ability to do this and not ing. Does your class count for any- weaken the legitimate .authority and thing more in the world's sum of appeal of the text book is one of the Christian knowledge, understanding, things that make a good leader. A sympathy and effort? Has something good, clear outline of book and chap- more of Divine force and zeal been ters is one of Ithe most valuable con- freed for service through your class?

tributions a leader can give to a class, Have you helped them make those in- or better still, one of the most valuable tangible things, public spirit -or the contributions a leader can elicit from awakening of Christian conscience?

a class, keeping in mind the fact that Have you stirred a sense of individual an outline does not mean a recapitula- duty or the power of united forces?

tion of every paragraph heading in the Have you made the Master of life's book, but a simple, coherent analysis great school more real? Then indeed of the book and its teachings. has the crowded ·curriculum been worth while.

3. "Make the Study Book Live" *** Imagination is being cultivated these war times, when we must people TO WIN IN MISSION STUDY the fair plains of France with our 1. Adapt mission study to local loved ones and follow them with our conditions. A large lecture class will dreams and prayers. Make your far- in many places stimulate interdenom- off jungles, rice fields, mountains and inational interest, and lead to the for- islands real and your dates of history mation of smaller groups for more alive with the personalities that made thorough work. In ather communi- them remembered. Take your train- ties neighborhood groups can meet in ing from any child, for he can make homes, usually in the evening, for five vivid either Joan of Arc "a lady in a or six consecutive weeks, without a uniform like my sister in the motor preliminary course of lectures.

conps," or Dorcas "a nice lady sewing The midweek prayer service is a things like my mother at the Red capital place for men and women to Cross." And take heed to the homely discuss the books, either in a prelim- old saying, "All is grist that comes to inary period or during the hour.

his mill" and apply it to this job of Variety in time, place and method making your book alive to the class. should be always with a view to There is no source too unlikely to reaching the greatest possible number yield illustrative material, no student of individuals.

in your class who cannot give some 2. Recognize prevalent aversion to

BEST METHODS

mental effort. If the word "study" osity and patriotism is an asset today causes terror or disinclination, ca1l the in the mission enterprise. gathering an "investigation commit.,. tee," or "discussion class," or, as at G. G. F. the recent Blue Ridge Conference, "WorId Citizenship Class." A PACIFIC COAST EXAMPLE 3. Prepare simple and clear out- Things worth while are coming to lines, usually in plain sight on black- pass in Mission Study circles on the board or poster. Make discussions or Pacific Coast. Dr. E. F. Hall, recentquestions logically follow the outline. ly elected General Secretary of the Text books should be owned and Missionary Education Movement, marked. Assignments should be tells a story worthy of reading and definite and condensed. cites examples worthy of following: 4. Discourage usually a one-day Parish-Wide Possibilities treatment of mission study books. Six consecutive periods (one to each This is a record of achievement. It chapter) will result in jaded minds answers the question, What have you in the audience. This leads to mental done? It is suggestive to ministers and spiritual indigestion. Instead of and other church leaders of how the conservation, it is usually dissipation study of missions can be made popuand distraction. Prayer has too sma1l lar. It is the story of what has been a place, posters and "methods" are termed in California "The School of often crowded out, and the sale of Missions." In the language of modliterature is much less than in a class ern warfare it may be called a Misthat meets for several consecutive sion Study Drive. It has stimulated days or weeks. missionary interest, created a real en- thusiasm in mission study, enla!'ged S. Push publicity early and per- missionary contributions, inspired sistently. Optimism as to value. of young people to enter Christian work, class, popularity of book, personnel of and increased attendance at Sunday subscribers to the course, and general evening services. charm of the plan will be a decided help. There is nothing like joy to The first church in California to make things go. Optimism is the con- have a "School of Missions" was the dition of success. First Christian Church of Pomona. Others have followed during the past 6. Allow no substitute to take the two years until it is now no longer an place of the "real thing." A mission- experiment. The laboratory work ary reading circle, a monthly mission- has been done, and the "School" has ary meeting, and a one-day relay de- demonstrated its value. The followvelopment may all treat of the same ing record of attendance will give mission study text book without ex- some idea of the success: hausting its interest, or excluding the group study of the topic among those CHURCH AND TOWN. Church School who are willing to give time and Member- Enrolthought in exchange for profitable dividends on the investment. ship. ment 7. Arrange finances without col- First Christian, Pomona…… 650 267 lections. Tickets procured in advance 150 are more dignified. First Congregational, Pasadena 800 150 First Christian, Whittier….. 370 8. Link missions with current First PresbyterIan, Pasadena.. 1,864 250 events and world reconstruction. The Immanuel Presbyterian, Los war furnishes points of contact in Angeles ………….•…. 2,440 600 vocabulary, strategy, sympathy and Westlake Pr<!!Jbyterian, Los 75 general education. Desire for guid- Angeles …..•.•.•••.•..•• 251 Presbyterian, Santa Ana. • • . • • 894 221 ance in prayer, information, gener- 150 Presbyterian, Monrovia .•'. • • • 331 71 Presbyterian, Covina •••••.•• 194.

Time The schools were held once each week for from six to eight weeks, ·either on Sunday evening before the church service, or before the prayer-

meeting on Wednesday evening. Sev- study best by themselves, likewise eral churches report, "Entire families juniors. Classes for men and women came." Classes were provided for separately and together have both men, women, young people and been found successful. In a few injuniors. One minister reports that stances large classes for any who instead of having no evening service, wished to come have been held, but as was expected by church officers be- since the discussion method is the one cause the congregation is scattered, most approved, such classes are exthe School of Missions each week tremely difficult to conduct, and they drew a large attendance, and the have not the educational value of the church was filled at the regular small class. Lecture courses are not preaching service which followed. at all recommended, for the· reason that the lecturer does the work, while The School of Missions is a plan the mission study class seeks to get for having a parish-wide study of the individual members to do the missions. It is held on a regular work, and thus to become self-inchurch evening, either Sunday or formed, which is essential to ,the best Wednesday, when people are more or results. For the method of conducting less accustomed to go to church. If the classes consult the following on Sunday evening, it is held an hour manuals: T. H. P. Sailer, "The Misand a half before the usual time of sion Study Class. What Is It? How worship, allowing a few minutes of Organize It?" and Dr. Sailer, "The intermission between the school and Mission Study Class Leader;" B. C. the church service. Young people's Milliken, "The Mission Study Class societies which are accustomed to as- Manual;" Dorothea Day, "The Missemble Sunday evenings have turned sion Study Class Method." Also their devotional meetings into mission make use of "Suggestions to Leaders" study periods. If held on Wednes- on the particular book to be studied. day evening, it is either at the time of the mid-week meeting or a half- Special Assignments hour before it, the mission study thus providing suggestions for the peti- At the time of the School Assemtions. bly at the close of the study period, a school spirit and interest have been Method promoted by having the several classes report the attendance, outside The method of the School of Mis- reading done by the class during the sions is as follows, each church adapt- week, and any special items of intering it to its own particular conditions est which show the whole school that in regard to time, number of classes, something worth while has been done. leaders, and other items: A brief dramatization of some phase of the people or topic being studied Sunday Evening Schedule- added human interest. These were improvised from descriptive portions 6:00-School assembles. Music. Prayer. of the text book, or scenes were pro- duced from missionary dramatizations 6:05-Classes assemble. prepared by the Missionary Educa- tion Movement or by the denomina- 7:00-7:15-Assembly. Reports of classes, tional boards. In the study of Africa giving attendance and items of inter- an Assembly feature was the imper- est. Dramatization. sonation of an African chief with clothing and head-dress brought from 7: 15-7 :30-Intermission. Africa, the story of the adornments being told. On another occasion the 7:30-Evening worship. display of the brass collar and ,the brass rings worn on the arms and Number of Classes As many classes as possible were provided, so that they might not be too large for free and unembarrassed discussion, according to the method of the up-to-date mission study class. Classes were held for all persons in the congregation. Young people

BEST METHODS

ankles by the African women, with on the defensive, for they found fault the story of the particular collar, were with his religion, although he had told illuminating. At another time there them that he had an open mind in re- was a "Living Poster." Three per- gard to Christianity.

sons were called to the platform, the With very few exceptions the en- tallest being a man over six feet high, tire work of the Schools of Missions and the shortest a little girl of two has been done by the members of the years. Their heights represented the individual churches which have held comparative pagan, Mohammedan, them, without assistance from spe- and Christian populations of Africa. cialists, thus demonstrating what a Some schools selected a school mis- church can do if it really wants to.

sionary hymn and sang it every even- Some persons have led classes who ing. never did so before. This showed a A Court Scene definite purpose to secure results; and there are such good helps prepared One school, while studying "The for every text book that any leader, Lure of Africa," conducted the study by proper effort, can do good work.

of Chapter V, "The Debit and Credit In some cases normal or training Account With Civilization," as a . classes have been held for the p·repara- court trial scene, persons being se- tion of the leaders, with a well-quali- lected from the various classes to take fied teacher. In other cases the lead- the several assignments, all the ers have done the best they could classes assembling together for the without such assistance. In every study period that evening. Twenty- case that has come under the writer's eight persons took part in the trial, observation the minister of the church including judge, clerk of court, has been one of the leading promoters, bailiff, defendant, two lawyers and and often has been a class leader.

four witnesses on each side, and a jury of twelve men and women. A Summer Conference Influence time schedule was arranged, each per- For several ,Years leaders in mis- son was given the assignment of his sionary work 10 the churches have or her part, with the time allowed been attending the summer confer- indicated, and the judge held each ences where mission study methods strictly to time. have been taught, and the present in- terest in southern California is in Impersonation large measure due to the fact that they On the evening when Mohamme- have returned to their churches to put danism was being studied, the leader into effect what they have learned.

of the class had arranged to have a It will be seen from the above staman who had lived in a Mohammedan tistics that the churches which have country impersonate a Mohammedan. had successful Schools of Missions At the proper time he appeared, in have been both large and small, in Mohammedan costume, the class not cities and in towns, thus demonstrathaving been previously informed. ing that all types of churches can do After he had told something of the Mohammedan religion from the point the same thing successfully. It has of view of a Mohammedan, the class was allowed to ask him questions. also been proven that all types of peo- The leader had given to the class as ple in the churches can be interested one of the assignments for the evening, "Be prepared to answer the chal- in the consideration of missions, if the minister and officers will inaugurate a church-wide campaign and will find lenge of a Mohammedan, if he should out the best methods of carrying it ask you to tell him why he ought to into effect. A Church Missionary become a Christian." . The questions Committee, Cabinet or Council can put to him were such as to put him bring this to pass.

Real Results mer conference and met together to talk over and pray over the situation. Individuals are vitalized and Here follows ·the sequence of events churches are spiritualized through as they came to pass after that meetthis new school method. Missions ing: take proper place in the life of the individual and in the work of the A normal class held for the training church. The entire plan of Christian of leaders. Special class for Junior activities is improved. Testimonies to leaders. its value multiply from those who have tried it, like this one which comes An invitation sent to every church from a pastor: to send. representative missionary leaders to a meeting to consider a city- "It has been a most beneficial wide Mission Study Drive. course. I am planning to make it a fixed part of our program every A Committee appointed to conduct year." this drive.

• The story of this successfully tried plan A Mission Study Mass Meeting is to be published in pamphlet issued by the agreed upon as a starting point. Missionary Education Movement, 160 Fifth Ave., New York. Names and addresses of every Sun- day-school teacher above the primary A SUCCESSFUL INTERDENOMI- grade and of every president of a NATIONAL CLASS church society secured and listed ac- cording to city districts. Seven Things Which Helped to Make It Every member canvass made of all 1. A committee with a member these teachers and officers on the same from each denomination co-operating. afternoon, notice having been given in the churches with the request that 2. Attractive posters made by girls all teachers and presidents be at home advertising the course. Posters dis- at that hour. played a month in advance and changed to advertise different chap- Members of the committee sent out ters. by twos to explain fully the plans for the Mission Study Drive and to give 3. An enrolment day set, on which to teachers and presidents enough each committee member canvassed her cards of invitation to the Mission denomination for study class mem- Study Mass Meeting, to be held on bers. the following Sunday afternoon, to be delivered by them with a personal in- 4. Reports of enrolment made to vitation to all the members of their chairman and posted on bulletins by classes or organizations. each member. Skilful publicity in the city papers. 5. An enrolment fee of $1.00, Good announcements from the city which provided each member with a pulpits. Special invitations sent to .the text book and note book and paid the university, the colleges, and two expenses of securing. a leader. theological seminaries.

6. A well qualified leader who Juniors trained for chorus by directknew the book and knew how to lead or of music in city schools. others in the study of it. Above everything else much prayer. 7. A group of intercessors who Large auditorium packed to the prayed for God's blessing on the doors and scores of people turned work. away. An interesting program for mass TAKING A CITY meeting. Prominent university professor pre- Scattered Mission Study Classes siding. had been held in various churches in University quartet singing. the capital city of South Carolina, but Good short talk on the Why and no concerted effort had been made to How of Mission Study. have a city-wide campaign in all the churches until a group of Columbia young people returned from a sum-

BEST METHODS

Still shorter talks by four or five for a W orking World" furnishes an people on what they had seen .done unusually fine foundation for such dis- by Mission Study. cussion groups this year.

Presentation of the plan for classes '" * * in every church. Women's Clubs may easily be inter- . Distribution of enrolment cards to ested in the study of Miss Burton's be filled in by those who would join "Women Workers of the Orient," and classes-giving name, denomination, the Home Mission Book, "The· Path church. of Labor." It is worth the while of missionary leaders to propose such Provision made for those who wish- study and to secure Christian leadered classes at the colleges and for busi- ship for it. ness men at Y. M. C. A.

Cards turned over to representa- *** Jives of the churches designated and Mission Study classes organized in all A People's Forum with a thirty of them. Nearly 1,500 people enrolled minute lecture by Mission Study leadin classes in a city which had had only er, followed by a thirty minute open a scattered few in Mission Study. discussion skilfully conducted is an Mission Study made a regular part inviting possibility.

* * of the annual program of churches that had known no Mission Study befor-e. * Instead of one large class at the church one Missionary Society ar- HERE AND THERE SUGGESTIONS ranged for a number of smaller classes A Monday Business Girls' Club con- in different localities in which mem- ducted a successful class at lunch hour, bers lived. One group led by a gifted taking fifteen minutes for lunch and college woman in her home reached forty-five minutes for study of the a class "f people a less talented per- book and discussion. This class met son might not have secured. Another around the desk in the office of their class was conducted in a suburb by a leader. woman who had a strong influence *** with her neighbors. For the down- town people a class was held in a The Six O'Clock l'Iission Study down-town center, and other classes as Tea solves the problem for other busi- the location of the members .suggested. ness women who get off from busi- The result was that much time was ness at 5 :30, have' tea in the church parlors at 6 and Mission Study from saved in going to and from class ses- sions and each leader interested mem- 7 to 8. bers whom no one else could have In a rural community a society with secured. *** only twelve members arranged a spend-the-day party with each mem- One teacher in a Southern college ber. They spent the time before din- succeeded in planning and carrying ner in sewing and after dinner studied through a Mission Study campaign together the topic set for that day. which enrolled every student, every * * '* professor and every servant connected Intensely interesting a~ well at- with the institution.

tended have been the lively Mission- *** ary Discussion Groups which have been conducted by prominent business The Mission Study Class Nursery is men in a number of cities recently. a novelty attachment which makes it Some of these have followed inexpen- possible for mothers to attend the sive lunches served at the Y. M. C. A. classes. They bring their small chil- Dr. Ward's new book, "The Gospel dren with them to be cared for in an

adjoining room by some girls who notwithstanding the distribution of have devised this way of serving, and the beautiful place cards, containing popularizing Mission Study. discreetly hidden subscription blanks, notwithstanding the club offer of $2.00 *** for six subscriptions, we have received only one subscriber to date." Many forms of service cards are being circulated these days. In Mission There was a general impression that Study campaigns service cards may be all that had been said about the REVIEW effectively used to secure co-operation. as one of the necessary first and best A combination of suggestions from aids in missionary enterprise was true. various sources has produced the fol- There was also a rather indefinite reslowing, which may be distributed at a olution on the part of many delegates meeting at which the Mission Study to subscribe "sometime." A second's plans have been explained, and carried pause. With one SUbscription and sunto absentees by tactful workers: dry indefinite purposes to subscribe, the matter seemed likely to end. Like My Service Cal."d a flash the efficient chairman sprang to Name …………………….. .. the platform: "I want those other Address ……………………. . five subscriptions right now," said he.

I AM WILLING Immediately hands went up until To lead a Mission Study class. the goal of six was left behind. To have a class meet in my home. To join a class. "Ten?" called the chairman with a To help secure members. rising inflection that caused more To take charge of a readin~ cir- hands to go up.

cle. "I want twenty-five subscribers," he To read the text book. added with compelling persuasion. To sit still and do nothing. Faster than the names could be re- Please check the thing or the things corded hands were lifted. you are willing to do. It is not necessary to check the last. If you do not There was no relaxation on the face check any others the last checks itself of the chairman. Evidently his twenautomatically. Return this card to ty-five was but a stepping stone to higher things. A FIVE MINUTES' COURSE IN . EFFICIENCY "Give me thirty-five subscribers," he called in a way not to be denied. The thermometer registered 104. In search of a possible breeze the 1918 In just about five minutes thirty- Gettysburg Assembly had assembled four names had been added to the one on the beautiful campus of the Luth- that had seemed destined to stand eran Theological Seminary, famed in alone. civil war history. Others were added after the session. Said the speaker on Missionary The next day the chairman was on Methods rather incidentally: the platform again. "I have thirty-nine subscribers," an- "Notwithstanding all the beautiful nounced he: "Who'll make it forty by speeches that have been made about subscribing £01." one of our missionthe value and indispensability of the aries ?" MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD; Six hands were raised. The sub- scription list had gone from one to forty-five, and the methods period had 'furnished unannounced a first rate course in efficiency in rounding Up for definite action the purposes that are so often dissipated by postponement to an indefinite "Some time."

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY.

THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE neither of them tell whether a letter THE summer schools and confer- was upside down or not, and they ences of Mission Study have been think no one in all the world could possibly be more educated than Ma a joyful inspiration to all who attended Kaw who has finished the Seventh this year. Reports come in slowly or Grade. Then, too, none of them has not at all. Correspondents seem as ever seen a railway train or a steam- "inarticulate" as the soldier returned boat, and though even the old grandfrom the trenches. But certain gen- mother could tramp miles over the eralizations can be made that differ mountains, that one thousand miles from those of seasons before the war. could not be traversed on foot. Did space permit we would gladly amp'lify the following points. We pre- In Ma Kaw's country on the border sent only an outline, and allow your between Burma and China, when a imagination to supply the rest. woman goes from village to village she finds a companion to travel with 1. Camps of young women were her, but riding on a train costs money, touched with a new sincerity of pttr- and so Ma Kaw must go alone. Hmv pose and desire to be of service. her heart beats at the thought, and how she wonders what the train will 2. Patriotism was expanded and be like! But as she considers the transformed by application to world hundreds of new things that have come problems and foreign mission evan- into her life in the Mission School, she gelization. makes up her mind that living or dy- ing she will accomplish this new and 3. Literature sold well. We are terrifying adventure. learning to "economize in things of the flesh, but in things of the spirit, Her teacher has told her just what never." to do almost every moment of that long journey, and so on a Monday 4. The inter-relation of the study morning she starts for the nearest books attracted unusual interest. Normal School, that she may return some day and be a teacher in her own "Women Workers of the Orient," old mission school. can be used to illustrate "The Path of Labor," and vice versa. "The Gospel Leaving her mountain home, she for a Working World," is exceedingly walks twenty miles into the town, folvaluable; also "Ancient Peoples at lowed by half her family, who never New Tasks." expect to see her again. She has a small wooden box containing a few S. Prayer services, vesper inter- clothes and a bamboo mat about two cession, noon-tide pleading for our by four feet, in which her blanket and soldiers and sailors, Round Top gath- pillow are rolled up. She must spend erings in spite of wind and rain were the time from seven in the morning all glorified with a unique fervor of until five in the evening on the river consecration and faith. steamer, and must have her mat to sit on. As soon as she gets on the steam- THE VALUE OF EDUCATION er she seeks a place on the crowded deck. Seeing- a family group all As Seen Through the Eyes of Ma Kaw, spread out-food box, babies and all, she puts her mat down by them. a Burmese Girl At five o'clock she leaves the steam- Ma Kaw's mind is just bursting er and goes up the sandy bank of the with excitement and anxiety. She is going to Normal School! Her little bundle of clothes and precious keepsakes is all ready,but can she ever get over those ten hundred miles?

Her mother and grandmother could

old Irrawaddy to the wonderful iron of iruit and vegetables. Here a horse she has heard so much about. teacher from the far away Normal School sees our girl all alone, and She gets a coolie to carry her box, and going to her introduces herself. But then taking her bed and food box she Ma Kaw has among her travel rules follows the crowd. The train is full, one commandment that tells her she but she finds a seat in a coach marked must not talk to strangers on the way. in several languages "women only." It Therefore although she has not had a is decorated also with the picture of a real meal for nearly two days, and Burmese woman to show the meaning the stranger has asked her to have to those who can not read. Oh, how dinner with her and her niece while thankful she is for that mission school they wait for the Rangoon train, that has taught her so much! nevertheless she refuses and goes on -her way alone. For the sake of the teachers she has just left she determines to let not one Another half day and a night, on a bit of fear creep into her heart. All train crowded to the utmost with peonight she sits in her seat, and gets a ple, boxes, baskets of rice, eggs, few little naps. The next morning at chickens, fruits-just everything, six o'clock she must get on another everywhere-and our little mountain iron horse. She wonders if there will maid must take another train and anbe many, and how she will know which other ferry. Then, oh then, those hunone to take, and whether the women's dreds of miles at last lie behind her. Now it is not only thankfulness that coach will' be easy to find. fills her heart, but also the realization All night people have been getting that her family, her teachers, and all her school friends are very far away. on and off. Many interesting, even An awful homesick wave dashes over exciting things have been going on. her. But she overcomes it, and gets And now there is a long train ready herself and her belongings into a and headed for Mandalay, in the wagon that is going to the school. midst of a hubbub of coolies, fruit sellers, and so forth. Even rice and cur- The adventure of a long and danry and ice cream can be had, and, gerous journey is over, but the horizon while everyone seems to be eating of mind and soul is just beginning to something, there is a constant pushing expand. The results for Ma Kaw and and crowding to get a good seat. This for her, country, Burma, are such as time Ma Kaw gets a seat by a window, only God can measure. and is delighted to observe the strange people and novel sights. GOOD LITERATURE TO THE Just before our friend reaches W FRONT Mandalay she must make another HEN you go to church on Sunchange-and this time cross the old day and try to recall all the Irrawaddy on a ferry to take the Ran- things for which you should be goon train. She finds the ferry boat thankful, don't forget to mention so crowded that she has to hunt for good books, magazines and papers. even a place to stand. Women are What a large place is occupied in there with bundles, pots and kettles on our lives by the stream of literature their heads, and babies strapped on which pours into our homes. Then their backs; priests are everywhere let your imagination play around with their yellow robes and big fans the fact that across the seas there are 'to shield them from the gaze of communities of people won to Christ women, followed by small boys who through your gifts and prayer and carry their belongings and wait Up~)!1 those you have sent them as missionthem. aries, practically destitute of reading material. In connection with my for- A big bunch of Chinese carpenters eign travels I have made it a point to with their tool boxes take up much space, and everywhere are piled high great bags of rice, tins of oil, baskets

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

examine the libraries of our native portunity to spread Christian literature pastors. It has been pathetic in coun- among non-Christian people.

tries like Turkey and India to find CORNELIUS H. PATTON, only ten or twelve inches of books. Cor. Sec'y, A.B.C.F.M. And yet we expect these pastors to be the leaders of their nations intellectu- A GLIMPSE OF MADRAS ally, spiritually, and in pra:etical ways. Weare asking them to make bricks COLLEGE.* without straw and often without even clay. As for the laity, the men, wo- (From a Letter Sent By Miss Coon) men and children on our foreign fields, the possession of even one book is a A picture of my life here in Madras? note-worthy thing. Please do not expect it to resemble that OIf missionaries in lonely "up- When this crying need has sunk in- country" stations, for Madras is a to your consciousness, try to picture city of over half a million inhabitants. the vast populations of heathen people There is a large foreign population in who have learned to read and who the city, as it is the seat of the Governmight be led to Christ and all the good ment for the Pres~dency of Madras. things which come in His train if we Besides the many persons in Governcould only furnish them with suitable ment service, there are many others books and papers. The keenness of in business, as well as many mission- Oriental people to read helpful liter- aries. Once a month the missionary ature is one of the outstanding facts conference meets and from fifty to of our times. In Tokyo there is a seventy-five people gather to discuss various problems.

street a mile and a half long, lined Shall I tell you the order of the day?

with book shops on both sides, and At six-thirty we have "chota hazri"

these shops are thronged at all hours. which means "little breakfast." We There is nothing like this in London, of the staff have it in our rooms, but New York or Boston. In China the the students have theirs in the dining- book is almost worshipped by the in- room at seven. Are you curious to telligent classes. In Moslel,11 lands it know what we eat? We have an egg is the same way. Clearly, literature (when I tried to explain that I wanted furnishes one of the most effective ap- a medium boiled egg, I learned that I proaches to non-Christian people. It should say a "three-quarter boil"), is strange that the Mission Boards are toast, marmalade, tea, and a plantain not making larger use of this agency. which is like a small banana. Al- The case is rendered stronger when though I am usually up by six, the ar- we consider that in mission lands the rival of the chota tray sometimes acts forces of evil are making an extensive as an alarm clock. Until eight I have use of literature for the corruption a quiet time to myself except for a of men's bodies and souls. The for- minute or two when I watch the coach- eign book market is being flooded by man measure out the horse food. Of skeptical, atheistic and even obscene course he "salaams" as soon as I ap- works. In India books are being sold pear in sight, and I am getting so used whose titles no publisher would dare to returning it that I fear I may do to print. Clearly the time has come it by mistake when I come home. I when the Boards must bring their lit- count the measures of gram and bran erature departments to the front. Here as they are poured out for the horse is one of the greatest fields for the un- and pony, looking very wise all the selfish investment of money. Gifts for time. You see, the distances in Mad- literature work will count tremend- ras are so great that a conveyance is ously for the Kingdom. And it is a a necessity, not a lUXUry. We go four field practically unentered by those miles to church on Sunday evenings.

who stand ready to help in every good Then walking is impossible on account enterprise. I covet for such the op- of the heat. I am learning to talk a

wretched pigeon English as I do not it in place of meat quite often. Our know Tamil well enough to use that, menu is something after this order: and coolie English is more easily un- "cungy" (another ~ame for cereal), derstood by the servants than correct sometImes an IndIan product like English. This is a sample: "Wanting rolona or ragi, and sometimes Quaker carriage four o'clock." Oats or even Force, then fish or meat or eggs, coffee, toast, jam and fruit. At eight my work really begins. There are always plantains to be had Various things happen, but always do and sometimes melon, oranges or paw- I give out stores. The butler, who is paw. fat and old and stupid but supposedly fairly honest, sees to the supply of but- Classes begin again at half past ter, bread and milk, but the rest of the twelve and continue until half past stores I keep under lock and key, and three. The girls are supposed to take dole out a bag of sugar, flour, a cup of the hour from eleven-thirty to twelvecoffee beans, or a tin of tea as it is thirty for resting. After breakfast Miss needed. The butler is supposed to see Paul has servants' prayers in Tamil. the milk, actually milk, before his eyes. Usually I am busy the first two hours (In India your d~tiry comes to you and in the afternoon and rest during the frequently lives in your compound.) third. I have tried to get along with- He also has to see that the milk is out resting, but I have found that my boiled before it is brought to the table. disposition suffers when I do that. Oh, it will be good to taste unboiled Then after that comes tea at four. milk and real cream again. The water- From five to seven is the time for recman boils the drinking water and Miss reation, and we play games or make Paul inspects it actually to see the bub- calls, occasionally. Vve have two tenbles. After I have given out the nis courts and two badminton courts stores, the "chokra," a small boy who also. Badminton is something like helps in the dining-room and also tennis in that you have a net, racket washes dishes, counts out before me and balls, but unlike it in its rules. "One, two, three, matey towels, one Five people play on each side, the ball I dole out three dean matey towels, must be returned before it has touched glass towel, one duster, ma'am," and the ground at all, all five players on one clean glass towel, and one clean one side serve and then all the other duster-never more than the number side, and only the side which is servof soiled things. A "matey" is a ing can score. It is less strenuous second boy who is under the butler and than tennis and seems to appeal to more responsible than the chokra, and a matey towel is a dish towel. our girls more. Miss Wyckoff has taught them to play "Rounders," a At a quarter of nine Miss Mc- modification of baseball, and Miss Di- Dougall conducts morning prayers in bell pl~ns to start basketball next year. our dear little chapel which was once The girls really have to be encouraged a harness room. The students are all in the games or they let them go. required to attend prayers, Hindus as well as Christians. The service be- From seven to seven-thirty we have gins with four minutes' quiet meditation which is followed by Scripture dinner. Miss McDougall sits at the reading, prayer and a hymn. "high table" with eight students, and each of the staff sits at one of the stu- From nine until eleven we have two dent tables. The girls eat rice and class hours. Then a very welcome curry again and we have soup, meat sound is heard-the breakfast bell. and vegetables, and pudding. After We all eat in the dining-room, but the faculty eat at a separate table. The dinner we have evening prayers in the girls eat rice and curry and we have chapel led by the staff in turn.

.• (To be concluded in our December number, wdh an amusing account of housekeepln&' trials in India. EDITOR.)

News Of War

BY-PRODUCTS OF MISSIONS ance that if this work is expanded we shall send them back a great Christian M R. DWIGHT W. EDWARDS, blessing." now in France at work for the welfare of our Chinese allies, has writ- THE TRAINING SCHOOL FOR ten to the Presbyterian Board of For- I CHAPLAINS N accordance with the provisions of eign Missions an interesting letter in which he says: a l.aw. enacted by Congress, one "The troops of England, Canada. chaplam IS to be appointed for every New Zealand, Australia, Belgium, twelve hundred soldiers. Chaplains France, Italy, Portugal and the United are. being rapidly assigned on this States, together with a group from baSIS and there are now six hundred Poland and Russia, are fighting side o.f them in France. When the ques- by side. But with them are a host of !Ion came up as to establishing a train- soldiers and fighters, drawn from the Ing sch~ooooll for the chaplaincy, two al- nations of the worId. There are those ternatitves were presented to the com- from the hills and plains of India-I mittee on army and navy chaplains: was surprised to learn that India was one being the plan of adding such a furnishing more fighters than all the department to the regular curriculum other dominions put together. They of one o f our gre asttriucntliyvegrosivteiers~maenntd the other that of a come also from Morocco, Algeria Tunis and the jungles of Senegal; school. The latter plan was thought from Madagascar and Tahiti, and sev- the better and the school soon after- eral hundred thousand from French war~s . established at Camp Taylor, Indo-China wiaghnnidoterC,anEhtia,nsatprpaorngodrpeWesrs.eisvt~Bleaadcnukd~ LOUISVIlle, Ky., has proved the wisyellow and cated and dom of the decision.

backward, are laboring side by side. . Six items of information are offi- "I could not but ask myself time CIally sent to those who desire to enter and again the question: 'What mes- the school: sage of our West will these Chinese 1. You will receive a salary at the take back by their words and their rate of $33 per month while in attend!- a~~ions?' Do we not have a responsi- ance at the school. You will also re- blhty to express to these men in serv- ceive travel pay, at the rate of three ice the better sides of our Western and one-half cents per mile, from your !ife? What can we expect of them home to the school and return.

m the future if we do not? It is an 2. While at the school you will be ~nternational service to bring China furnished lodging and subsistence.

lilt<,> her I?lace as an intelligent ally by m~3I.?oYroaundwuiml.l have issued to you on receipt, all neces;ary enhghtemng her representatives as to mIhtary clothmg and equipment for what it is all about. One said to a your use during the period of the secretary: 'The United States entered school. . the war because its crown prince had 4. All necessary text books will be become engaged to a princess of furnished you on memorandum re- France.' ceipt. "~ach nation represented is creating S. At the close of the school, if you for Itself an epoch in its relation to are so. recommended by the faculty, all the others, and the whole situation you WIll be placed upon the eligible c. is typical of a new era of human broth- list for appointment. If vacancies exerhood. rhe Y. M. C. A. "Work already done for these men gives assur- ist in your denomi1)ation you will be

commissioned. If not, you will re- dering the same service for French main on thy eligible list until vacan- poilus as for American troops, and cies occur. When commissioned, the French soldiers have shown in chaplains have the rank, pay and al- every conceivable way their apprecialowance of II. first lieutenant, which tion of these friendly services. you must agree to aocept if tendered. One secretary speaking of the com- 6. It is recommended that you se- petition of the foyer with the French cure a leave of absence from your wine shop, says: "Six hundred quarts present duties for a period sufficient of coffee and chocolate per day in this to cover the time you will be absent foyer means just 600 quarts less of therefrom, with a proviso that your 'pinard' in their stomachs." This foyer resignation be accepted, or that the work also results in a marked: reducleave of absence be extended indefi- tion in the number of French soldiers nitely, if you receive a commission. in<:apacitated through preventable dis- eases as shown by hospital statistics. COUNCIL OF NEGRO WAR WORKERS SOCIAL SERVICE FOR WAR TIME THE National Committee on the THE organization of churches in Churches and Moral Aims of the centers of war-time industries by War recently held a series of insti- the Commission on the Church and tutes for leading negro ministers in Social Service is proceeding rapidly. Southern centers. Twenty-nine cities At present seven community organin Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisi- izers are at work, all but one having ana, Tennessee and other States sent been loaned to the Commission by derepresentatives. Baptists, Presbyter- nominational war councils and boards ians, Methodists and Congregational- of home missions. These community ists were represented by bishops, pas- organizers first complete the informators, college presidents and presiding tion about the community, then unelders. At one of the sessions the col- dertake to bring the churches together ored Red Cross was in .attendance. to organize the churches' part in the assimilation of the new popUlation. CHAPLAINS NEEDED IN ITALY Their third effort will be to secure an organization and co-operation on the REV. WALTER LOWRIE, the part of the churches in the community effort for the social welfare of these only American chaplain in Italy, people. has recently returned to Rome after an absence of three months. He The Malagasies in France writes that a complete change has come over the situation there. Amer- FOREIGN missions have made ica's interest in Italy's need and the many contributions to the world's coming of the Red Cross and the Y. M. C. A. are having very definite and advancement. Only about a half a practical results in holding the people century ago Madagascar was peopled staunchly to the determination to win by savages. The work of the misthe war. Mr. Lowrie urges the need sionaries has so far brought them into for more chaplains and Red Cross line with civilization that they are workers, in view of the fact that helping to esta:blish righteousness in American troops are arriving in Italy in increasing numbers. Europe. Christian workers who are THE RED TRIANGLE AND THE serving the armies are at the same FRENCH ARMY time trying to give these Malagasy THE National War Work Council warriors, or Malgaches, as they are of the Y. M. C. A. is fiilancing 550 called in France, a true understanding of the Gospel. There are now 30,000 foyers du soldat for the French Army. troops from Madagascar in France, In these centers, Americans are ren- and of these as many as 10,000 have been WOll to Christianity.

1'918] A DAY'S WORK IN FRANCE

A Day's Work in France An Outline of the Religious and Educational Schedule of a Religious Work Director in the Third Aviation Center, American; Expeditionary Force, France.

BY ROBERT W. VEACH, SOMEWHERE-IN-FRANCE I ONE DAY'S PROGRAM~FRIDAY ~.U A. M.-Prayers and conference. Spent morning going over plans for promot- ing the educational work. (The Educational Committee has a very com- prehensive plan which includes school work during demobilization.) 12 :30-1 :30-Canteen. A fellow said to me: "I don't really want to buy any- f thing. I just come to get a smile. Nobody ever gets mad around here." Mrs. Sanford (a noble woman in the Y. M. C. A. work) baked four- hundred cookies last Saturday for the reception we have every Sunday afternoon. They remind men of home.

'It 2 :30-4 :30-Visited five wards in the hospital and talked with many fellows.

11, 4 :30-5 :30-1nspected the Red Cross work and got acquainted with the Plane News staff.

S:30-6 :30-Supper.

6 :30-7 :30-Wrote letters to women about their sons who had died.

7 :30-8 :OO-Took a long walk through the fields with one of the Y. M. C. A. men.

S :00-9 :30-Canteen. Special duty on account of the other men having to take invoice. "

9 :30-10 :30-Read in "For France and The Faith-a very interesting and stimulating book. Every page breathes with a devotion to duty that is wonderful. Three of our Y. M. C. A. men have been transferred from here to work with men back of the firing line. One of them was killed by gas the second day after his arrival at the front.

11 :OO-Retired and slept soundly until 6:00 A. M.

SATURDAY'S DOINGS A. M.-Prayers and conference. Spent morning on plans and notices for eight religious services tomorrow.

11 :30-Lunch.

12 :30-1 :OO-Went to greet new squadron just arriving. This with drill in the early morning fills the day every nicely. Three things stand out very clearly in our work with these men. First, make them efficient fighters and so win the war. The reserve power and nerve and morale are going to be the determining factors and these are God's most direct instruments. Second, to make efficient citizens for the new social life that will follow the war. Third, prepare men to die as men of courage, character and faith. When one analyzes these objectives, he sees how very many elements enter into the work and how pervasive and vital a factor true religion is. The church must get a new vision and new emphasis and new experience or men will ignore her institutions and forms, but they will not cease to be religious.

2:15-Had a good time at No.7. We are awaiting anxiously news from the front.

9 :30-0ver three-hundred and fif.ty lads gathered for the reception. It is a great opportunity to meet and talk with the fellows. Two men came in to see me today who have been going bad and wanted to get straight- ened out and do better. I took the evening service out of doors and the men seemed to enjoy it. We had three new Y. M. C. A. workers arrive today. This will enable us to open several outlying fields where no "Y" work is being done. The men seem so appreciative and there can be no doubt but that the moral uplift of the Y. M. C. A. work is tremendous. The need for strong men is very great.

3 :00-4 :OO-Had charge of a funeral. Another of our fine lads gave his earthly life for the cause of country and humanity.

4 :00-5 :OO-Took over the educational work from the man who is leaving. Be- ginning Monday I will be busy as a sailor. The educational work will include French classes, English, French history, Cause of the War, travel talks, economics, moral and religious themes, and Bible classes.

5 :00-6 :OO-Made slides to advertise the religious meetings at the "movies" to-night.

6 :00-6 :30-Supper.

6 :30-7 :30-Sergeant called to make arrangements for another funeral to- morrow. Read the paper about war.

7:30-8:00-Helped start off the "movies" at No.2 and announ~ed the meeting for tomorrow.

8 :00-9 :00-Took a long walk across the fields where I could be alone.

A SUNDAY PROGRAM 9 :15-Trying to start early morning discussion groups on Sunday morning. They have drill anywhere from 7:00' to 11 :00, so it is rather difficult. I had nine men drop in for a starter this morning at 8:00 o'clock. I preach at Field 7 this morning and at this building tonight. I have another funeral this afternoon-a fine fellow. At 4:00 we have the social gathering for officers and men. There are three of four ball games going on. It is either a case of making it interesting for the men with healthy social and out-of-doors recreation or having hundreds go to near-by towns, where wine and bad women get so many of them. The men prefer the better things and so we all turn in to make Sunday a real worth-while day. Some go to church (we have good audiences), some read, some play ball, and some go to the social function, then many write letters and stroll through the fields.

fROM .MANY

MOSLEM LANDS curity, husbandmen can till the soil with the knowledge that they will not A War Orphanage Opened in Jaffa be robbed! of the fruit of their labor. The railway to Egypt insures them M R. C. T. HOOPER, in normal the easy disposal of their surplus yield times the superintendent of the and the means of satisfymg their Port Said British and Foreign Bible wants by imports from abroad.-Jew- Society, has undertaken the very dif- ish Chronicle. ficult task of establishing an orphanage at Jaffa. He was able to secure The Servants of the Harem the use of a large Greek school building which had been occupied as a THE great majority of Arab women Turkish prison, but every article of live their lives within the walls and furniture in it had been destroyed by the Turks when they were forced to courtyards of the harem. In the villeave. Not even a window remained, lages, servants are rare, save in the so that aside from feeding and cloth- great houses of landed proprietors, but ing the constantly increasing number in town there is decidedly a servant of orphans, much time at first had to class. Nearly every establishment of be given to scouring, repairing and any means has one or more women refitting the build~ng. Blackboards servants in the harem, either Arabs or and broken doors were made to serve Persians or black women of African as beds, and the only cups and plates descent, and most important functionavailable were those fashioned out of aries they are. Besides doing the the empty jam tins left in the path actual housework, they represent the of the British Army. newspaper, the post and the telephone, for they go to and fro between the The fame of the Orphanage soon houses of the mistresses and their spread and every day soldiers ap- friends, doing the errands, carrying peared at the gate with more children. the messages and passing on all the There are now nearly 300 in all. One gossip of the day. They do the marwoman, separated from her children keting and the shopping, and are in when fleeing from the Turks, had general the go-between for the world crawled through the Turkish lines to without and the world behind the look for them, and was made happy lattices. On the day when women are when they were found in the Orphan- admitted to the Turkish baths, the serage. vants form part of the black-cloaked household procession, carrying the AA Transformation in Palestine baskets of towels and clean clothes, LTHOUGH the British occupa- and usually a samovar and tea glasses, tion of Palestine only dates back so that refreshment may be prepared four months, the very atmosphere of after the more ardous pleasures of the this region seems to have undergone bath are concluded. They participate a change: Distress has vanished, and in all the concerns .of their mistresses misery, sickness and fear no longer and enjoy terms of great freedom and linger on the threshold of the towns equality in most cases. and villages. Everywhere there is evidence of reviving industry and pros- Child Rug-Weavers of Kerman perity. What has contributed more than anything else to immediate relief HERE is great need of some one has been the employment of thousands T to plead the cause of the child of natives upon the repair of the roads. toilers in Persia, as Mrs. Browning Everybody realizes that a new era has took up the childish cry of little slaves dawned for the land. The Bedouins in England, and secured the passage can graze their flocks in peace and se- of laws for their relief. Industrial

conditions, under which rug weaving high leaders of knowledge, the outis carried on in Persia, are sad indeed, come of the momentous days of Samafor with the exception of a few men dani (God)-Sir Mohammed Khani-iand big boys, almost all t~e work~rs Shaffee: Zadeh of Isfahan-May the are children, so young that 1U Amenca greatness of his lordship be made long. they would scarcely be thought ready for school; yet their .baby hands can "8th of Ramazan, 1335." fashion rugs so beautiful that folk on (1335 of the Mohammedan era the other side of the world will pay equals 1917 A. D.) almost any. price for them: The factories are usually located m the most INDIA sordid sections of the opium-poisoned towns, often below the street level, and The Chins of Burma here these little children sit perched all day before a huge fra~ework, while A LITERATURE in their own lantheir tiny fingers move mcessantly to guage is one of the crying needs the rhythm of a chant, "three red, of the Chins of Lower Burma, whose six green, four blue, two gray and Bible consists of a tentative edition of three black," which is droned by a the first four chapters of John, transman in charge. When the chanting lated by a Chin preacher with a very ceases at sunset, the children do not limited education; whose hymn book scramble out and run and play, as be- has been out of print for some years comes their age, but climb slowly down and whose other literature consists of with cries of pain in their cramped a so-called spelling book, printed thirty limbs and some must sit and wait, with years ago and so rotten that it almost unchildlike patience, until a father or crumbles into dust when touched. The brother comes to carry them to their Chins are animists, and believe in a . cheerless home. creating spirit~a mother god'-but many of them have no religion what- In one factory, among thirty-eight soever. They have veered away from children examined, thirty-six were their ancestral belief and are drifting found to be deformed. Long days of toward Buddhism, but now, while toil, nights too short, a poverty- they are in a state of transition, is the stricken home, often angry blows and time to win them to Christ. They may never a word of a pitying Saviour-:- soon become Burmanized and therethis is a picture of the tragedy. "It is fore Buddhists, and will be harder to not the will of our Father that one of reach. If the missionaries can preach these little ones should perish." and pray and sing in Chin, and have a literature in Chin, their hearts can be more readily touched.

A Persian Letter Gurdaspur Home for Women and Chil- THE present difficulties and delays dren of our postal ~rvice would un- F OR many years missionaries of the doubtedly be increased if the follow- Punjab have longed for a place ing style of addressing letters were in where homeless widows,. deserted use–a style frequently employed in wives and new converts could be given East Persia: the protection they need and an oppor- "Teheran American School: tunity to help themselves. When Miss Emma Dean Anderson, of the "Let it (the letter) have the honor United Presbyterian Mission, went to be opened in the presence of His home on furlough four years ago, she Excellency, the loved one whose signs was commissioned to raise $10,000 for are glory-the prominent man of let- this purpose. One day she missed her train in Paxton, Illinois, and decided ters, the perfect man of literature, the to make some calls. She was led to speak of this work to Mrs. Elizabeth one, single great man of the time, the Temple, who promised to furnish the selected man of times, the pride of the greatest of world's men, the result of the most educated scholars and the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

money for the undertaking. One diffi- intensive hookworm campaign in the culty after another has been sur- large province of Chiengmai. Because mounted and now the chapel, hospital, of his experience in similar campaigns school and thirty-six rooms for women in Java and Ceylon, and with the help and children are practically completed. of the three mission doctors, very great progress has been made in stamping Thirty-five women and twenty-three out this stubborn disease. The orphans have been sheltered and have churches have been used for a' cambeen taught to read and write. The paign of education and those outside women have learned to make their own the church, noticing that no disastrous and their children's clothing, and some effect followed the foreigner's treathave become proficient in lace-making, ment, have overcome their scruples cooking and nursing. Much attention against it. The Continent says: has been given to Bible study and Miss Anderson expects to train many of "From Feb. 7, 1917, to March 31, them for Bible women. 1918, 14,429 people were examined, of whom approximately 75 per cent., or Promotion of Widow Re-marriage 10,786, were found to be infected. Of this number 8,387 have been willing THE founding of a Hindu Widow's to submit to treatment, and upon re~ Home Association at Poona, in examination of 2,214 cases only 395 have been found infected. Once more 1896, whose aim was to educate wid- there is being brought to the attention ows and make them useful members of the people of Siam the desire of of society, was an important step in Christian America to relieve the disthe solution of one of India's social eases of the body as well as those of problems. At about the same time a the soul, a desire which has been so Widow Re-marriage Association was well exemplified by the Chiengmai formed and only recently a men's club Leper Asylum," has been organized with a somewhat riovel entrance condition-the condi- Bangkok Christian College tion of having married a widow. However, the matter is not so ludicrous M ANY factors contribute to the inas it might seem, and rises into a moral creased enrollment of Bangkok necessity when one considers that men Christian College, which at the beginmust be found brave enough to en- ning of the last school year enrolled dure the social ostracism which such 218 students and 324 at the beginning a marriage involves, if this evil preju- of the present year. One reason given dice· is to be broken up. is the splendid reputation of the school's English courses; another fre- A Woman's Exchange in India quently heard is that the boys receive more considerate and careful attention N EAR the great temple in Madura, than in the government schools. It is also true that the East is turning to . India, a house has been secured America and American institutions as and leased for three years for a wom- never before, and never has there been an's exchange. In addition to serving so great an opportunity for service. as the usual exchange, it will furnish a headquarters for women engaged in A New Mission College in Singapore evangelistic work and >rovide a Christian welcome for IndIan women. A THE proposed Anglo-Chinese Col.. room is reserved where meetings can lege at Singapore is the outgrowth be held!. of the school founded by Bishop W. F. SIAM AND MALAYSIA Oldham of the Methodist Episcopal Hook Worm and Churches Church. The success in securing sub- scriptions amounting to almost a mil- MEDICAL work greatly assists the li<m dollars in land and money can be evangelist in Siam. Dr. M. E. attributed to boldness in planning large Barnes, a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation, has inaugurated an

things. Half a miHion has been given neighborhood. The whole work of the outright by wealthy non-Christian Chi- farm, as well as spinning, weaving and the making of the clothing is well ornese. ganized. The harmonious way they Among the gifts for the new col- get on together is a good testimony to the love of God in their hearts. The lege is a tract of 100,000 square feet old father was the first one converted. in the heart of Singapore, the rental Last year he was ill, so one day he from which will be turned over to the asked the whole family to gather college as soon as the present leases around him, and exhorted them to put expire.

The school, of which the college is the development, has an attendance of God's glory before everything else and more than two thousand, greater than follow the Lord closely. After lying that of all the government schools com- back on his bed he led them in prayer.

bined, and it is thought that with ample When ended and they had opened their accommodations the number of students will be doubled. eyes, they found that his soul had gone CHINA to be with the Lord whom he loved so well.-National Bible Society of Scot- land. .

"Devil Driving" in Peking 'fHE ceremonious driving out of China's Need of Railways demons is an annual occasion of CHINA'S greatest material need is considerable import in China. At such modern means of transportation. a ceremony, held recently at the Lama Temple in Peking, the streets were Railway engineers have estimated that thronged with merchants and people 50,000 miles of railways may be built in holiday attire, buying small wares. and profitably operated in China in the The temple courts were crowded, but next few years. The cost of constructa wide roadway had been left for the ing railroads in China is slightly lower unhampered exit of the demons, who than the cost of construction in other are supposed to travel only in straight parts of the world, owing to the unlines. Inside the temple were rare limited supply of human labor in embroideries, made especially for this China. There are immense provinces occasion, and a "living Buddha" was in China as yet untouched by modern dressed in cloth of gold. Priests methods of transportation. These lounged about, dressed in the most provinces are the most fertile in the brilliant colors, and those engaged in world from the standpoint of agriculthe service wore masks. The actual tural production and they contain minceremony of expelling the demon con- eral products of untold wealth and sisted of some mild dancing, so that on quantity. In spite of this wealth, the the whole it would appear that only popUlation of these provinces is scarcethe meekest sort of a demon would be ly ever above the hunger line because impelled to leave as a result. of the impossibility of transporting merchandise to the markets of the AA Christian House in China world. LETTER from China gives the following description of a home China's 6,467 miles of railways are where some fifty to sixty persons sit in most cases profitably and efficiently down to food at every meal. Nine operated when it is considered that brothers and their families all live with China has known modern railroad opthe old folk. All are Christians, and eration not longer than a quarter of a even the women take turns in leading century. The directors and managers daily family prayers with the whole of the Chinese government railroads company. They also run a school, have are foreign-educated and in general cleared the village of all idols, and understand their business. Chinese in many ways have improved the railway trains of course do not com- pare in comforts with the elegantly fitted trans-contine~tal trains of Amer-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ica and Europe, but they do compare er's Courts. Here almost the whole favorably with railway equipment in . female popUlation of the city came to America and Europe of a few years pay him their respects. The streets ago. The roadbeds of the railways of were thronged with. sellers of incense China in general are of better construc- and the number of prayers which went tion than the average roadbeds of up before this painted lump of earth many American roads. are incalculable.

Idolatry Not Dead in China Some superstitions might be con- T HOSE who because of a change of sidered amusing were they not so pa- label in China's government fondly thetic. But the reverse of the picture believe that she is well on the high- admits of no such easy interpretation. road to an enlightened self-respect For minds yielded to such base superwould have had their sensibilities stitions fall victims too to base imrudely shocked had they been in Tient- pulses and hearts darkened by such worship, prostrated before wood and sin during the recent floods. stone, do not stop even at the selling Tens of thousands were driven from of their own flesh and blood. It is at 'such times, with homes destroyed and their homes, whole suburbs were inun- food uncertain, that children and esdated, and the waters threatened to pecially little girls, are disposed of to engulf even the central portion of the the highest bidder. The Flood Comcity. In the face of this calamity the missioner of the Central Government entire population experienced a re- has unofficially asked the Union of turv to the wildest superstitions. At Christian Churches to open an orphanthe Tai Wang Miao, a temple of the age so that parents unable to feed their grossest cult of serpent worship, in the children will not need to abandon or Hopei district, the authorities opened sell them. The police authorities have a three days' festival at which viands sent little processions of wife-sellers were prepared and open-air theatri- through the streets, wretched men in cals were performed. Representatives chains and bearing inscriptions setting of the government were present, it is forth their shame, in order to discoursaid, and thousands of the educated age the inhuman customs which lurk and the poor came from all over the under the banners of "picturesque sucity to burn incense and to pray before perstition." five tiny, wriggling water-snakes, believed to be the cause of the flood! In spite of these disheartening laps- Government officials may have or- es the 'City was never so ready for the dered this celebration simply to di- Gospel of Christ. More even than the vert the minds of the people because Boxer War, which broke the arro- of the unprecedented excitement un- gance of the educated classes, the Chi- der which they were laboring, but it hli floods of 1917 have swept open is discouraging to think that they the hearts of the common people. In would make themselves party to such the sixty and more refugee camps a shameless hoax. where the sixty thousand homeless of In another section of the city earlier the flood victims were housed in matin the summer, the police threw a cer- sheds, the crowds eagerly listened and tain ru-ti god, the Lord of the Earth, nodded their heads in appreciation of into the river. A little later the floods appeals to worship the one God as came, and as the water rose silently revealed in Jesus Christ, and to lead in the river-beds, topped the banks, a new life. Pray that this greatest and flowed into the ends of the streets, calamity in forty years may bear away the people rose in terror, fished the of- the old ignorance and superstition, fended deity (or some serviceable substitute) out of the muddy stream and make possible a new city where and installed him in state in the inner the Heavenly Father will be known precincts of the Defence Commission- and worshipped and where the people

will believe in and follow Jesus Christ on which work for these little-known as Lord and Saviour. people is being carried on; one for a school, one for preaching services and WUsing Picture Postcards in China another for a medical dispensary, con- HEN the missionary in charge of ducted by a Chinese doctor. Miss Tsinanfu ~tation recently rode in- Drew and a Bible woman visit from to the village on a bicycle, 200 children boat to boat and seek in every way to followed him to the church. He re- get in touch with the people. ports the visit in these words: JAPAN-CHOSEN "The old preacher thought it was quite a surprise party I was giving him Training Sunday-school Teachers in when he opened the door. We pushed the bicycle into the church and after Japan the children had sat down on the floor we told them a little about the bicycle CHRISTIAN Japanese of Osaka and why it had come into their village, recently gave $100 to the Sunday and some things about the roads in China and in America, and also about School Association of Japan with the Heavenly Road. Then we showed which to purchase a teachers' circulatthem some old picture post cards and ing library of the best Sunday-school told them that those who would like educational books, to be loaned to to have one could get one from the English-speaking Japanese workers. preacher by coming to the church at This indicates the deepening interest sundown to learn about the Heavenly in the religious education of the youth Road. in Japan.

"A large crowd came, and after the Sunday-school leaders have been preacher had told them a good story, fostering this moveIIlent for years. and we had sung, 'Jesus Loves Me.' Already som,e twenty-five Sundaywe seated them at tables and put them school books have been produced in to, work committing John 3 :16. We Japanese, a number of them written told them that on Sunday those who by Japanese. The feacher training could repeat the text and who behaved course has now 22 classes enrolled and well would get a card. They went to provides for recognition of complete work like Trojans, and those who had work by certificate. been to school soon took the place of teachers."-Presbyterian Advance. The Summer Training School at Karuizawa has been very successful. Boat People in China Every province in Japan was repre- sented last year when eighty-four THE city of Canton has a population were registered. The subjects of of "boat people" estimated at about school organization, Sunday-school pedagogy, etc, are presented by Sun- 300,000. These boat people are a dis- day-school experts, notes taken and tinct class and regarded by land people recognition given. A Sunday-school as inferior. Under the Manchus they exhibit adds to the effectiveness of the were never allowed to hold office or training.-Christian I ntelligencer. property, and were prohibited from intermarrying with the land people- Industrial Evils in Japan restrictions which have been removed since the establishment of the republi- TOKYO has an "East Side" where can regime. They are more supersti- practically a million people of the tious than land people and adhere more firmly to their traditions. As a class, industrial class are crowded together. they are crude, vulgar and filthy in Japanese houses are usually of one or person, though their boat habitations two stories and a glance into one of are kept scrupulously clean. them causes wonderment as to how the occupants find space enough to Miss Florence Drew has three boats even lie on the floor in rows. The in- dustrial movement is on; labor is cheap and competition is violent. It is true that the first factory law is

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

upon the statutes, but only a confirmed grandsons, all married, several great- optimist could find encouragement grandsons, all married, and a host of from it. The industrial problem has servants; and all, it seemed, spending always been difficult of solution, and their whole time in the guest room.

in the Orient, where customs are all Eut the chief trial came when I sat in upheaval and transition, it is more down to eat. They had never dreamed difficult still. Only Christ and His the world held such a sight. The Gospel are sufficient for it. knife and fork I used, the small size of my mouthfuls, the absence of red Korean Church Federal Council pepper in my food-in fact all I did THE first meeting of the Korean were the subject of uncensored con- Church Federal Council was held versation. Here I stayed for three days, never having one moment to in Seoul in the Y. M. C. A. Building myself. I got near to the people, but last February. Forty delegates were was worn out mentally and spiritually present, twenty from the Presbyterian by the contact, and it was a relief to Church and ten each from the two get home and eat and sleep in peace Methodist Churches. again. I know now how the Master must have felt when the Pharisees The chief business before the Coun- crowded about and freely commented cil at this first meeting was the dis- on his eating with unwashed hands." cussion and re-approval of the Constitution, which has been only tempo- rarily adopted by the churches. The Constitution states that the ob- Good Literature for Korea.

I ject of the Council is to develop the T is hoped that one of the results of the Methodist Centenary Camspirit of. unity in Christ in the churches, to do in common such work paign in Korea will be the creation of as can be better done in union than a Christian literature for Korea. Urg- separately by the churches and by ex- ent needs for the Korean church are change of ideas and experience to in- a live Christian newspaper; one high- crease the wisdom and efficiency of grade magazine; a readable life of the churches. Christ; biographies of great preachers The Council has power to recom- and missionaries; some concise books mend to the Churches anything it may on the fundamentals of Christianity, deem advisable and to conduct in be- and some attractive books and half of the churches any business they pamphlets written in good literary may commit to the Council. The style for evangelistic purposes.

Council has po power to interfere with Statistics gathered by Mr. ]. S.

the Form of Doctrine of church gov- Ryang, a Korean who is a loyal ernment of the three Churches.-Ko- worker for the cause of Christian lit- rea Mission Field. erature for his country, show that only 3,000 out of every 300,000 Korean Some Missionary Hardships church adherents read a church paper.

A MISSIONARY in Korea, when NORTH AMERICA asked what constituted the real Philadelphia as a Mission Field hardships of missionary life, said that it was not in the danger of murder or THE Methodist Episcopal Board of robbery, or in living in uncomfortable Home Missions has made a survey homes and eating strange food. A of Philadelphia and found that every trip into heathen territory, described second man or woman in that city was by this missionary, is illustrative of born outside the United States, while one of the marly kinds of hardship. about half of those native born had "We happened in the home of Mr. Yi, foreign parents. Practically every more poverty-stricken in manners country in the world has contributed than the average Korean. This home to the population of the Quaker City.

consisted of grandfather and son, four The largest numbers have come from

Russia, but there are 176,136 Italians, home base for foreign missions, it is 54,486 Poles; 49,608 Hungarians, and this thirteenth-century Romanism of large numbers of Syrians, Armenians the 300,000 French and Italians in and Chinese. The home mission prob- Louisiana, whose priests forbid their lem confronting the churches of our people to read the Holy Scriptures for great American cities is emphasized themselves. Weare not speaking in vague theories; after seven years of by such a survey. earnest effort to put the Bible in The Presbyterian Evangelistic Com- Roman Catholic sections of Louisiana, we know from sad experience what mittee of Philadelphia has just com- we are talking about. Our colporpleted its twentieth summer season of teurs, who go from house to house ofevangelistic work. The Gospel has fering the Scriptures, are not only frebeen proclaimed from tents, parks, quently insulted and ordered out of automobiles, street corners and fac- town, but sometimes are actually tories. Thirteen new churches have driven from the door by having dogs grown out of this work and are now set on them." centers of influence for good among the foreign population.

New Christian Endeavor Headquarters Methodists Care for Orphans TWELVE years ago in Baltimore, pROPERTY for an orphanage in the plan was proposed to build a Grenoble, France, requiring an ex- Christian Endeavor Headquarters, penditure of $35,000, has been purwhich should 'be the center of world- chased by the Woman's Foreign Miswide Endeavor activities, and the task sionary Society of the Methodist Episof raising a fund for this purpose was copal Church, according to a statement begun at once. From that time on, of Mrs. William Fraser MacDowell, offerings have come in from all parts president of the society. Two women of the world-from Europe, Asia, have been sent to France to care for Africa, South America, Islands of the th.is orphanage, where fifty children Sea-from every land. The building, will be accommodated this year. "The now completed, represents more than sum of $5,000 has been transmitted to 100,000 givers, and was set apart by a North Africa for use in our mission dedicatory service on August 1st. The there in the care of French orphans," building is located on the highest point said Mrs. MacDowell. "The same of land in Boston, only a few steps amount has gone to Italy for the care from the State House and not much of Italian children orphaned by the farther from Ford Hall. It is six war. All our organizations have been stories high, of the colonial type, ex- greatly interested this year in sending ceedingly plain, but attractive in ap- supplies of clothing to France. The pearance. It is interesting that one of cost of the new material used in these the speakers at the dedication was the supplies is placed at $9,120." first to sign the original Christian Endeavor 1'011 in Portland, Maine, in A Union Community Service February, 1881, when Dr. Francis E. Clark formed the first local society in T HE experiment of a Union Com- Williston Church. Of the fifty-seven munity Service on a large scale has original signers, ten are still in the membership of this church. begun in Pittsburgh. Fourteen con- gregations have officially united for " T The Bible Forbidden in Louisiana such a service during the Sabbath eve- HE door is shut to the Bible in nings of the summer months, and the great portions of Louisiana, and list includes Presbyterian, Baptist, Roman Catholicism is responsible," Methodist Episcopal, Protestant Epissays the Bible Society Record. "If copal, Congregational, Reformed dnd there .is a menace to America as a United Presbyterian Churches. Other congregations were also represented by the presence of their pastors and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

members. The combined choirs of the cially and educationally. It has been churches led in the musical service, the Sunday-school that deserved the and the preachers were selected from credit for what has been accomplished, the congregations enrolled. The serv- for it has united the people and given ices were held in Carnegie Music Hall. them a common interest.

That the eight different denominations represented could thus unite for wor- Heathen Worship in America ship is a significant feature of modern FOREIGN missionary work is not church life. One of the pastors of limited to heathen lands, as the folthese churches writes: lowing will prove: "There are two radically different "Twenty years ago the Swami Viviconceptions of Christian unity. The kenanda began missionary work in first is superficial and external. It America. N ow his followers in this concerns only the outside; it amounts country claim 100,000 converts and to uniformity. But there is a far seventy-four meeting places. The sun deeper conception of Christian unity. god, Buddha and other heathen deities It is not so much concerned in binding have temples in New York City, Bosmen together in any particular out- ton, Pittsburgh, Washington, Denver, ward form, as it is in stimulating a St. Louis, Chicago, San Francisco, Los unity of spirit. This is the sort of Angeles and Seattle. Los Angeles has unity which has in it the promise of the well known temple to the worship permanent harmony in the Church of of Krishna, where the rites, of pure Christ. These Sunday Evening Com- East Indian type, are carried on by munity Services are an expression of Americans. In the beautiful $100,000 this right sort of Christian unity."- Magdazzin temple in Chicago is a The United Presbyterian. young woman, daughter of a former Presbyterian elder, though she now Community Spirit in the Colorado Desert worships the sun god, and is its priest- KINIKIN HEIGHTS community is ess. Theosophy, ancient Buddhism, located in the desert about seven the Persian faith of Abbas Effendi and thousand feet above sea level, far from a horde of other non-American and any town, on the frontier of Colorado.. non-Christian religions are found in Its residents are chiefly health-seek- the United States."-The Continent.

ers, with meager resources, who had become homesteaders and until eight Advancement of the Negro years ago lived most isolated Iives- HAMPTON and Tuskegee Insti- two or three families on a mesa with tutes, Fiske University, and other yawning chasms of canon between educational work for negroes, conduct- them. Then a former Sunday-school ed by Northern and Southern churches superintendent moved into the com- of America, have been the leading fac- munity and some former teachers. Im- tors in promoting the advance of the mediately a Sunday-school was or- ten million negroes of the United ganized to meet at a private house, and States on physical, intellectual and a community interest sprang up. It spiritual lines. In the half century since became apparent that a day school the Civil War, the negroes have more must be started and the first year a than doubled in population, but they short term was held in an old unused have increased their intellectual equip- granary. The next year a building ment by about one million percent.

was constructed by community labor, There are now over 100,000 colored centrally located. It has become the students in the 400 normaL schools and social center and in it are held both fifty colleges of the South, and there day and Sunday-school, preaching are twenty-six theological seminaries, services and prayer meetings. During three schools of law, four of phar- the past winter a literary society met macy, five of medicine and seventeen every week and has been a help so- agricultural colleges, all for negroes.

The cost of this high~r education in the great common points of our faith, one year is over $4,000,000. In- our common hope and the love and telligent Christian leaders have been fraternity that unite us in Christ are developed, and negro school teachers, dominant. Mexico needs a great naphysicians and lawyers are steadily in- tional church united on the basis of St. Paul, "One Lord, one faith, one creasing in number and influence. baptism." The missionary societies of LATIN AMERICA the co-operating churches have shown The Evangelical Seminary in Mexico a deep interest in the school and are "FEW institutions have taken a planning large things for the days firmer hold on the thought and to come. ORWYN W. E. COOK.

life of the people than the Evangelical Bible Day in Mexico Seminary in Mexico City," so writes Mr. Orwyn W. E. Cook. The native THE churches in Mexico have leaders and the members of the adopted a Bible Dayan which churches have shown an increasing interest in this center from which will they present the importance of the come the trained ministry for Mexico's circulation and study of the Scriptomorrow. With such a backing the tures and take offerings for the faculty and council look forward with American Bible Society. The first col- lection of nine pesos came from the high hopes. Seventh Day Adventists and $25 The first anniversary exercises were American money have been received from three Baptist churches. The held in the "patio" of the school on !fative Pastors' Association of Mex- July 14th. There were present repre- ico City have taken up the idea of sentatives of all the churches. The ad- Bible Sunday very enthusiastically. dresses looked to the place of the semi- In fact they celebrate Bible Week, nary in the life of Mexico and especial- finishing with Bible Sunday.-Bible ly emphasized the power of a prepared Society Record. ministry in helping to solve Mexico's difficult and intricate problems. The Rev. 1. D. Chagoyan laid emphasis Allah and the Panama Canal upon the need for a profound knowl- REV. JOHN VAN ESS, writing in edge of the Scripture message from Asia, tells the following amusing burning hearts of men who have seen and significant incident: the Christ. The call today throughout "One day D– wandered into a Mexico-and throughout all Latin- school up the Tigri"s. On the wall America-is for leadership, scholarly hung a map of the western hemisphere.

and spiritual, religious and evangel- The class was being taught something istic. When the Mexican people see about the new world. The teacher, in the ministers of the Evangelical knowing that his visitor was an Amer- churches a leadership of this type the ican, asked him to tell something of new day will come. Evangelical his homeland. So D– pointed to Christianity has a message not only the Isthmus of Panama and told of for the lower classes but the rich, not the canal and the project of uniting only for the ignorant but for the two worlds. When he was through learned, and the future will demand the teacher stepped forward with the that attention be given to the needs of following cogent moral: 'This teaches all and not of anyone class. ns how we are privileged to live in a This example of inter-denomination- land where Allah is known and feared.

al co-operation can not fail to point Over there they purpose to cross Al- the way to future successes. The in- lah's path by making water to flow dividual churches, their history, their where he made land.'

points of distinctive emphasis and "But D–'s reply took the wind their work throughout the world are out of the sails of the mullah. 'I see,'

not lost sight of nor minimized, but said he, 'you have made a bridge across

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the Tigris here. If Allah had wanted Progress in Chile you to walk on the other side, why did he separate you from it by a FIFTY years of evangelical effort river?' " in Chile have brought remarkable IThe Bible in Brazil results. Half a century ago a score of N a little village in the Brazilian men and women met in a Valparaiso forests a colporteur of a Bible Soci- dwelling to form a league for extendety had sold a number of copies of the ing religious ideas which ran counter Scriptures, but no sooner did the na- to all former thinking. They were riditive priest discover that the villagers culed, persecuted, distrusted, but carwere reading the words of Christ than ried on with resolute courage. At the he ordered them to deliver up all the present day the evangelical community copies to be publicly burned. A great numbers thousands. Their influence fire was kindled and the crowd stood on legislation in Chile can be plainly looking on, sullen and reluctant, while seen, and great progress is being made their purchases went up in smoke. iu the effort to abolish illiteracy. They did not altogether approve of the proceedings, for what they had EUROPE read of the books had not seemed to them very dangerous. But one by one Will There Be a New "Church 0'£ the Bibles and Testaments were torn France"? from their covers and thrown into the blaze, and as a breeze fanned the THE London Morning Post, in a reburning leaves one was whisked out cent issue, makes the following of the fire, carried over the house-tops and away to the outskirts of the vil- comment upon the somewhat prevalage, until a final puff of wind sent it lent idea that the Pope and Roman in at the widow of a devout senora. Catholic authorities at Rome are more As she read the fragment she was in sympathy with the Kaiser than with greatly impressed, and when her hus- the Allies: band returned in the evening he, too, was deeply interested and the leaf was "The silence of the (Papal) Church carefully put away. A year passed upon the issue of right and wrong in and another colporteur visited the vil- Germany's assault upon the peace of lage and called at the home of the Europe, the treatment of Cardinal senora. She – hurried away and Mercier, the coincidence between the brought out her treasured leaf, asking papal note and Germany's interest at if he could tell her the rest of the the time it was issued-these and story. "Why," said the colporteur, other incidents have aroused a feeling "this belongs to the book I am sell- among Roman Catholics akin to the ing," and he showed her the third national resentment in England before chapter of John, from which the page the Reformation. Nor would we be had come. Gladly a Testament was surprised to see among the Roman Catholics of France an irresistible purchased and the woman and her movement for the foundation of a Gallican Church similar in national inhusband sat down together to read the dependence and sentiment to the Church of England as one of the restory. They studied over it earnestly sults of this war."

until they found the peace of the Gos- A fulfilment of this forecast would make an important epoch in France's pel and one by one their whole family religious history.

came to know the Word of God. So The Belgian Missionary Church it came about that through the very THE Belgian Missionary Church (Protestant) is maintaining its action of a fanatical priest a center of work heroically, distributing New Christian knowledge grew up in that Testaments among prisoners and wounded, keeping up the morale of village. the unemployed and preaching the

Gospel. The Treasurer of this Church AFRICA reported recently that during the year ending March 31, 1918, gifts had been Industrial Work in North Africa increased over the previous year by twelve per cent. In addition, they T HE importance of organizing ingave $4,000 to orphanages, medical dustrial work for converts from missions and pensions for old people. They are doing a most efficient work Mohammedanism is understood of material and spiritual relief in more than seventy stations and out-stations. when one realizes that to become a Protestant Work in Spain Christian often means persecution, a Plans are being made to celebrate broken home and inability to finq emin October the fiftieth anniversary of the beginning of Protestant missions ployment. The carpet school at in Spain. A congress is to be held in Madrid in which Protestant work in ChercheIl, Algeria, in which women all parts of the peninsula will be represented and it is hoped that nation- and girls are employed, is conducted wide attention wiII be directed to the work constantly being carried on. by the North Africa Mission and not The American Board is now main- only enables converts to earn a living, taining chapels and day-schools in five cities and six villages and there is also but brings them under Christian the high school for girls at Barcelona with a teaching force of six American teaching and influence. It serves the and six Spanish women. same purpose, from an evangelistic Russian Bible Society in 1818 standpoint, as a mission hospital, I T is interesting to know that there was a period in Russia in which where the patients are brought in conthe Bible was freely distributed in that country. During the latter part of the tact with systematic Gospel instrucregime of the Emperor Alexander I, a Russian Bible Society was in exist- tion. In other places, agriculture, car- 'ence which, under the favoring auspices of the Emperor, distributed a pentry and other trades have been· great many copies of the Bible. In 1818 as many as 128 branch organiza- valuable agencies, both for materially tions were affiliated with this society and the Bible was printed for them in helping native converts and spiritually 28 different languages. winning the unconverted. This work of Bible distribution originated in Moscow when a minister It is unfortunate that the work is of the Gospel became tutor to the children of a Russian princess and em- now somewhat hindered by the war, ployed his influence so well for the spiritual good of those about him that because of the great difficulty of obhe finally obtained the Emperor's permission to found this first Russian taining wool and dyes, and the fact Bible Society. that the import of the goods is pro- hihited by the government.

Training Egyptian Workers THOUGH it has never had a regu- lar building of its own, the Cairo, Theological Seminary has been for fifty-four years an important element in the work of the United Presbyterian Mission in Egypt. During that time 136 graduates have been sent out.

Practically all of them were gradu- ates of the mission college in Assil1t. The Synod of the Nile has itself in- sisted upon a high educational stand- ard, requiring that every candidate for the seminary have a diploma from the college or its equivalent. Many of these men have come from the mid- dle classes, but they have risen to take their stand with the best of the land.

The seminary had twenty-one stu- dents the past year. Then with the rapid opening of doors on every hand to the Moslem population in recent years, and the consequent call for a large increase' of forces to extend the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

work, an Evangelists' School has been AShaking Bones in West Africa opened for the training of lay preach- FTER a morning service in ers. To this are admitted men of less Portuguese West Africa a educational preparation, yet able to Mbunda man, dressed in three skins- present the gospel effectively, as has his own and two cormorant skinsbeen demonstrated, among the hum- brought forward an armful of ringbler classes. A shorter and simpler streaked posts, each post representing course of study is provided for them an ancestral spirit, and said that he in connection with the seminary, the had been listening to the Gospel mes- instruction being given by the regular sage as to the folly of such things, and seminary professors. Fourteen men had decided to give up the old ways took this course the past year. for the new. He was followed by a Nkangala man, with a bunch of ances- Work for Jews in Egypt tral worship sticks, saying that he wished to abandon these for the wor- THERE are now more than 64,000 ship of the true God and His Son, Jews in Egypt, most of whom have Jesus Christ. Thereupon a fire was kindled and these worship sticks went migrated from Europe since the open- up in smoke, without audible protest ing of the Suez Canal. They are of on the part of the spirits they repreall classes-rich and poor, educated and ignorant, and speak scores of dif- sented, As the flames arose, the wife 'ferent languages. About half of them of the Nkangala man came shyly with -32,000-Iive in Cairo and the rest in her personal fetish to put on the fire. the larger cities of the Nile delta. This action on the part of these people Efforts were made to reach them with means a clean-cut break with their old the Gospel at various times during the system of religion that has dominated .last century, the earliest being in 1821, them and their fathers before them but the results were not encouraging. with its dark influence. The incident Work was again undertaken in 1906 resembles the shaking among the dry bones in the valley that was the result by the London Jewish Society and at of Ezekiel's message.

present is being carried on in the rooms of the Nile Mission Press in New Church for Mebea People Cairo, and -bazaars and cafes, streets HE Mebea people of West Africa and homes. Regular meetings were T have no particular status in the held on Saturday afternoons, with an world. To those dwelling in the inaddress in Arabic, until a young Rabbi ,terior the Mebeas are coast people, pronounced a ban upon those who at- wbile to the beach man the Mebea is a bush man and is accordingly looked tended and since then fear has kept down upon by the former, who conthe people away. However, through siders himself vastly superior to the lectures and English classes, oppor- people of the heathen interior. The tunity is found for teaching the Bible Mebea people are comparatively few truths and the knowledge which many in number, hardly running into the young Jews have of the New Testa- thousands, and live in a narrow line ment is astonishing. parallel with the coast from a little In addition to the work of the Lon- south of Benito to a point just north of don Jewish Society, there is that being Kribi. carried on by the Scotch Mission for Jews in Alexandria; the American The Christians among the Mebea Mission schools and the Church Mis- people have heretofore been connected sionary Society Hospital, all helping with the Kribi church, some of them to spread a knowledge of Christ having come from the outstations of Batanga. But in January of this year among these Jewish people. a church was organized for the Mebeas, in a village fifteen miles north

of Kribi, at Aion Kwate. The new missionaries bear the front end, lead~ church was organized with 105 mem- ing the way and we ought to holdJlP bers, with 62 on the roll for baptism the rear end;"

in the near future and 477 catechisms. There is promise of development ISLANDS OF THE SEA among them, but their rating as an in- Philippine Health Commission ferior tribe in the native churches to THE Philippine Health Service· is which they have heretofore belonged, seeking to eliminate causes of dishas kept them back.-The Continent. ease, rather than to battle with dis- A Congo Contrast eases now existing, and to point out ways by which the people may raise "THIRTY years ago," says Doctor their standards of living. One of the King, of Banza Manteke, "a nrst moves of this health commission white man's life wouldn't have been upon entering a town is to open a free worth a song if he had tried to travel dispensary. The work of this dispen- and preach in this region. N ow there sary is not limited to the care and treat- are no towns in this district that I ment of the sick, but it serves as a sort have seen or heard of where the peo- of lyceum where information is given ple are not willing to have the story out concerning hygiene, sanitation and of Jesus told to them over and over dietetics. In order to supplement the again. On my last trip out, my car- instruction, model gardens are riers did not have to buy as much as a planned, with vegetables carefully peanut. So happy were the people to selected with a view to furnishing the see us that they gave the carriers all substances needed for a balanced diet.

the food they could eat, all they could This feature of the work iJ of special carry away, and then, at times, food importance because of the uniformly remained on the ground that could not poor nutrition of the Filipinos.

be carried. Such an expression of love is very gratifying by contrast The FJipino Idea of Women with the past, when the people at "THE Filipino woman, although times even sought to kill the mission- this is not generally recognized, aries."-Baptist Observer. is one of the greatest apologetics for AThe Basutos Discuss Education Christianity in the Orient. She is to- day so far in advance of her other Ori- T a recent meeting of the Khotla, ental sisters in freedom, social position or Zambesian Council, representa- and independence, that she is in a class tives of the Paris Evangelical Society by herself. Some idea of seclusion for presented to the black chiefs a plea for women exists in the Philippines, of a thoroughgoing school system. The course, but it is that of the convent, missionaries pointed out that while not of the 'purdah.' Like other Ori- their task was a two-fold one-that of ental women, she holds the family education and evangelization – the purse, but she does more than that: former work should be carried on by she is the business agent of the family.

the native community. They also She keeps the shop, holds the prop- urged the importance of educating the erty and carries, to a very large degirls. gree, the business responsibility of the The replies of the chiefs were en- Islands. Nowhere else in the Orient cou'raging when one remembers how will one find a woman lawyer practisrecently they had lived in savage ing at the bar and writing suffrage paganism. "Listen and hear," said articles for the daily papers. One can- one of these chiefs, "up to now the not account for the Filipino woman missionaries have borne the burden of on the ground of the racial superiority the schools. This is not right. This of the Malay. The only way to exburden is a wanda (i. e., a load car- plain the unique place which the Filiried on a pole by two persons). The pino woman already occupied in the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

East is to recognize that for centuries The Gospel on "Lepers' Island"

before the American occupation, the T~E British and Foreign Bible So- people were being taught a Christian ciety has added to its list of ver- valuation of womanhood."-Asia. sions, a Scripture portion for a tribe on the west coast of Oba, which is Winning Young; Filipinos sometimes known as Lepers' Island.

THE Sunday-school work seems to This tribe, which is being evangelized Rev. ]. L. McLaughlin, Secretary from Nduindui, a station opened ten years ago by the venerable Rev. Peter for the Philippine Islands of the Milne, of the New Hebrides Presbyte- World's Sunday School Association, to rian Mission, is now under the care of be one of the most encouraging parts Mr. A. T. Waters of the "Churches of of the whole missionary propaganda. Christ" communion, who says that the He writes: "I was able to hold Sun- people have no form of salutation, day-school conferences in two princi- such as "good day," and no phrase for pal centers while I was in the South. "thank you." Mr. Waters is able to Silliman Institute, the Presbyterian report, on the island of Oba, some 800 Industrial School, has over 800 stu- baptized Christians. There are also dents, and I was there for six days, about twenty-five schools, which are holding meetings every day and indi- self-supporting. Oba Christians also vidual conferences with the men. Re- make themselves responsible for miscently some 160 young men there defi- sionaries on the neighboring island of nitely gave themselves to Christ, and Maewo. Some villages have consequite a few of them are going into crated plots of land known as "the Christian service. About 100 of them are going to put in their Christmas Lord's coco-nut gardens," the pro- holidays in Sunday-school work." ceeds of which are devoted to the spread of the Gospel.-The Christian.• A Thomas Mott Osborne in Borneo A S a preparation for his work as a' MISCELLANEOUS missionary in Borneo, Rev. Charles E. Davis specialized in rice Prayer Every Minute cultivation at the Kansas Agricultural College. But when he – arrived in T HE members of an organization Borneo he found it was not a rice-pro- called "Mothers of Defenders of ducing country and in altering his Demo.:racy," with headquarters in cherished plans he found a more im- New York, claim to have the approval portant work than the growing of rice, 'of Cardinal Gibbons for Catholics and He established a new kind of school Dr. MacFarland for Protestants in the in Sarawak, an independent state of project announced in their "Appeal Borneo-a reform school which was for Continuous Day and Night Praystrictly a back-to-the-country move- er." This states the purpose as being ment. It exchanges opium dens and "To envelop the whole nation in condark streets for a bit of damp brown tinuous prayer, making President earth, where young outlaws and loaf- Wilson's proclamation for May 30th, ers of the city learn the mysteries of hoes and spades and vegetable life and the basis of continuous appeal for National Guidance, Protection of Our Sons, and Victory of International soon become working units in the col- Justice and Righteousness."

ony. The plan is "successive one-minute The government, as an evidence of silent individual prayers every minute good-will and friendliness toward this of the day and night, hundreds and Thomas Mott Osborne of Borneo, thousands praying-one group suc- contributed one-half of the building cessively following another, so that expenses and in addition grants a sum there shall be no break in the con- each year for the industrial work. tinuous appeal."

Great stress seems to be laid in the at the expense of overwhelming and further explanation of the project on ever-existing needs in other directions.

this feature of having someone at "The spectacular is ever attractive, prayer every minute of the day, anJ and it is easy to become enthusiastic it is proposed "to envelop the entire over what appeals to the imagination.

world in continuous prayer as soon At the same time, the prosaic may con- as the work is o:-ganized in the United stitute a greater need and demand a States." more constant sacrifice.

IA Moravian Mother "We commend any and all true spir- itual work being done for soldiers and N these days mothers unhesitating- sailors to our friends, not because they ly· give up their sons for the serv- are militants, but simply because they ice of their country. But no finer are men in need of salvation. Rut we story of sacrifice made with joy could also commend to them the suffering be told than that of a Moravian mother and rapidly dying hundreds of millions who had given a son to missions, and of the human race who live in the re- was one day told of his death. She g-ions beyond, whose spiritual need is asked, "Is my son Thomas gone to beyond all describing and for whom Heaven through the missionary life? few are caring."-China's Millions.

Would to God He would call my son OBITUARY NOTICES John to t'1e service!" John was called, o became a missionary and also died. Dr. W. A. Shedd of Persia When the mother heard the sad mes- NE of the true modern Christian sage she exclaimed, "V,Tould that He statesmen passed away on August would call my last son, William!" Her 7 when Dr. William A. Shedd of prayer was answered. William went Urumia, died of cholera at Sain Kaleh. . and also fell on the field. But this Dr. Shedd was a missionary of the mother's holy ,courage and devotion to Presbyterian board and had served in her Lord could not be daunted, for Persia for nearly thirty years. His she exclaimed, "Would that I had a loss is irreparable. Although very thousand sons to give to God!" quiet and unassuming in manner, Dr.

This Moravian mother stands for Shedd was a hero and a statesman.

the spirit of that noble missionary He knew the Persians and was loved church, the Moravian, the oldest Pro- and respected by them. His self-sacri- testant missionary church in the fice and power were especially evident world.-The Missionary Link. when the Russians withdrew from Urumia and left the Assyrian Chris- "T Comparative Values tians at the mercy of the Moslems.

HERE is a strong tendency Miss A. K. Ashe of India among Christians in these days,"

writes Henry W. Frost, the Home Di- FOR thirty years Miss A. Katherine rector of the China Inland Mission Ashe devoted her life to the moral for the United States and Canada, "to and spiritual welfare of the British abandon the regular work of the soldiers in India. She was frail in Church at home and abroad in behalf body but strong in spirit. What other of the present particular service of women by the thousands have been ministering to the soldiers and sailors stimulated to do by the unusual de- of the various nations. That these men m'lnds of a world war, Miss Ashe has are in great need is ce;-tain,. and that done quietly and unostentatiously in the serious-mindedness of those at the times of comparative peace. She was front furnishes a special oppo,-tl1uity honored by King George on his birth- to lead many of them to Christ, is be- day by being made a Matron of the yond disputing. But this does 110t g-ive Order of the British Empire. Miss warrant to a mass movement, both in Ashe died recently in Upper Popa, In- giving and serving, in their direction dia.

MISSlIONARY LmRARY ~ ~

~"~&"b'li§ i-"""V"<KJ" " ~ 'ikAi" .W<i "'iARi' "'U'VU""

Ancient People at New Tasks. By Wil- Filipino is being regenerated with lard Price. IIIustrated_ 12 mo., 208 tools and Bibles; Africa is in great pp., 60 cents. Missionary Education need of Christian influences to save her diamond and gold miners in the FMovement. New York, 1918. great mining centers like J ohannes- ACTS, important facts, significant burg. Missions are said to be the facts in regard to the industrial "only murder preventives." progress of the world are what make this volume of unusual interest and The missionary has.a great work to value. Mr. Price has made several do in all these lands in reforming convisits to Asia and South America and ditions, teaching better methods and gives from first-hand knowledge a proclaiming the Gospel of Christ. vivid description of the transition of the old order to the new in social and The Dark People. By Ernest Poole. Ilindustrial life. The relation of these lustrated, 12mo, 226 pp. $1.50. The facts to the missionary task of the Macmillan Co., 1918. Christian church is clearly brought out and no thoughtful, unpredjudiced The novelist-author of "The Harreader can fail to see the importance bor" has recently returned from Rusof industrial development to the future sia and here relates his experiences church in mission lands. among the Bolsheviki. It is a pathetic picture of chaos-a struggle First are shown by a series of vivid for freedom without a guide, Mr. word pictures the condition of work- Poole does not philosophize, he relates ing classes in South America and the incidents that show the trend of Rusnew ideals introduced from the north. sian thought. and action. He doesn't One company found that it paid to in- suggest a solution for the problem, crease the pay of its men from 'twenty- but in describing "The Dark People" five cents and two plates of beans to leaves us in the dark. $1.50 a day with proper living conditions. China Inside Out. By George A. Miller. IIIustrated. 12mo, 180 pp. $1.00 net. N ext we see the modern factories of The Abingdon Press, 1918. Japan of which there are 'now at least 20,000, in which more than 1,000,000 A traveler may not see as truly men, women and children are em- or as deeply into the life and thought ployed. The conditions in many of of a foreign land, but he often judges them are distressing-the ages of op- more correctly of the points of jnerators, the long hours, low wages, un- terest to those at home. Scenes and sanitary surroundings and immorality characteristics which are overlooked make for degradation and death. The by a long resident are immediately laws are mediaeval. The one bright seized upon as interesting and meanspot is the work conducted by Chris- ingful to the passerby. Mr. Miller tian missions among some of these has grasped and entertainingly deworkers. In China the problem dis- scribed such scenes and characteriscussed is the reforestration of the de- tics relating to the Chinese, the misnuded hills. This will help to stop the sionary work, the native Christians disastrous floods which in turn pro- and the Church. The book will furduce famine, disease and death. nish hundreds of facts and incidents for talks to Sunday Schools and India, on the other hand, faces Young People's Societies. famine because of lack of rain and poor agricultural methods. The prob- Frontier Missionary Problems. By Rev. lem, therefore, is how to produce bet- Bruce Kinney, D.D. Illustrated, 8vo, ter crops-a problem that Prof. Sam 249 pp. $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell Higginbottom is doing much to solve. Co., 1918.

Mr. Price goes on to show how the The Indian, the Mormon, the Span- ish-American and the pioneer form the

problems considered by Dr. Kinney in never seen. The author gives reasons his able and interesting study. He for his conclusion that the male porconsiders the Indian our creditor, tion of the Armenian race in the Otthe Mormon a menace and the fron- toman Empire has practically ceased tiersman a challenge. The solution of to exist. He describes the horrors as all the problems he finds in the Gos- well as the heroisms that characterpel of Christ and the method-per- ized the fate of Armenia. sonal evangelism. Dr. Kinney's volume furnishes rich material for ser- We learn from this book that what mons on Home Missions. was once the Ottoman Empire is now practically a German province. In 1,000 Miles of Miracles in China. By matters naval, military, educational, Archibald E. Glover. Illustrated, 12mo, legal, industrial, financial, Germanv is 372 pp. 25 6d net. Pickering and supreme. But she will not remain" su- Ingles, Glasgow, Scotland, 1918. preme. The last chapter is prophetic. It is entitled "Thy Kingdom is Di- The fact that this book has passed vided," and we are shown the handthrough eight editions and has been writing on the wall. translated into Arabic is a sufficient testimony to its interest and value. The Presentation of Christianity to Mos- The story is one of escape from the Chinese Boxers in 1900. It is worth lems. The Report of a Committee r.:.ading. appointed by the Board of Missionary Crescent and Iron Cross. By E. F. Ben- son. Pp. 240. Price $1.25. George H. Preparation. Pp. 142. Price $0.50. Doran Company, New York. 1918. Board of Missionary Preparation, New Many books have appeared on the York. 1918. . present world-war which do not concern the missionary in his task. Oth- We call the special attention to this ers he must req.d if he would under- rep<'lrt, which represents the patient stand the relation of the present war in and flainstaking co-operation of more its origin and final issues to the coming than two score professional students of the Kingdom in the Near East. of Islam, secretaries and missionaries. The present volume belongs to this The Board of Missionary Preparation class. Mr. Benson describes the hid- in America under the chairmanship of eous oppression under which the sub- President W. Douglas Mackenzie, j ect peoples of the Ottoman Empire D.D., and with Rev. Frank K. Sanhave so long suffered. His facts are ders, Ph.D., as director, constituted derived from a study of official docu- five committees on Animism, Buddments. His style is interesting, but in hism, Confucianism, Hinduism and his passionate denunciation of treachery and murder, his metaphors some- Mohammedanism. The report on times get sadly mixed and occasionally inelegant. He holds up the old Mohammedanism was first prepared Turk and the new Turk in the light, not of what they promised, but of by Dr. Charles R. Watson, chairman what they did ,to the non-Moslem population. He shows how the Young of the committee. Owing to his nec- Turks became a party which had for its main object a system of tyranny essary absence from America, the enand murder such as the world has tire work was carefully revised, no- tably by Prof. Macdonald of Hart- ford, whose thorough knowledge of the subject and sympathy with the Moslem viewpoint is evident almost in every paragraph. The result is, therefore, a carefully worded concen- sus of wide-ranging, expert opinion.

RULER ENCOURAGES MISSIONS

Indian Ruler Encourages Missions The Maharajah of Kolhapur, one of the five great native rulers of India, is deeply interested in Christian education. Although he has not definitely accepted Christianity, he is anxious that the sons of the nobility shall come under Christian influence. His own sons were sent to an American missionary, Dr. Irwin, for instruction, and after his death, Mrs. Irwin was asked to continue supervising the education of these young princes.

The maharajah has for several years wished that the Presbyterian Mission should build a young men's high school and in order to encourage the plan gave the mission a plot of ground containing thirty-two acres. He also offered to furnish stone and wood for the building, but, partly because of war conditions, work on the school was only recently begun. At the king's request, his prime minister sent the following letter to the mission: "Hitherto, the whole work of uplifting the depressed classes has been done solely by your mission, by approaching them directly. Now, by undertaking the tuition of the sons of the chiefs and higher aristocracy, you will be achieving that effect in an indirect and perhaps a better way. You are surrounding these minor high class youths with a far purer and nobler atmosphere than they can hope to breathe in their present environments, and when under your careful tuition their standard of morals is raised they will naturally, as leaders in society, be themselves spreading higher and nobler ideals of life wherever they go. Some of them will be called to rule tens of thousands of people, and you can very well imagine their potentiality for good. That is why his Highness is very keen to send the sons of the nobility to you."

The school at present is being held in rented quarters and is called the Irwin Christian High School. Brahmins, Parsees, Marathis, Jains, Mohammedans and Christians in attendance make it a veritable melting pot for all classes, and all have worked and played together as if no such thing as caste existed. Rev. M. W. Strahler is principal of the new institution.

PHYSICAL TRAINING IN THE AMERICAN MISSION COLLEGE AT ASSIUT, EGYPT,