The Missionary Review of the World — June 1935

1935

Home Mission Number Restating the Home Mission Task Mark A. Dawber The Changing Frontier in America Hermann N. Morse Problem of Unassimilated Americans W. C. Schaeffer Christianity versus "Isms" Gaius Glenn Atkins The New Day and the Old Gospel Hugh T. Kerr Working Among Migrant Workers Adela 1. Ballard Cooperation and Union in Home Missions .. William R. King The Unchurched Children of America R. W. McGranahan A Re..emphasis of Spiritual Values Paul Dawson Eddy The Need for Christian Education 1. M. Walker The Church and the Unemployed Edgar M. Wahlberg Juvenile Criminals and the Church H. L. Dickerson 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea1'

to Remember Dallas, Texas. (Not the Negro School Christian Church, died early in

-Sept. 23-27.) M~s. George J. Fix, at the age of 48, in Dayton, Ohio. He June 9-1~Annual Conference, He- 7041 Tokalon Drive, Dallas, Texas. had been in executive missionary serv- brew Christian Alliance. Buffalo, ice since 1921, and from 1926 until N. Y. Eaglesmere, Pa. June 26-July 3. Cor. 1930 was executive secretary for home Sec.-Mrs. Edith C. Ashton, 1939 missions of the General Christian June 9-15-Church Conference of So- Grant Ave., Bustleton, Phile.delphia, cial Work, Montreal, Canada. Pa. Convention.

June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- Houston, Texas. October 28-Novem- Mrs. Elizab'"eth'" R'"ustin McCon- vention, Colorado Springs, Colorado. ber 1. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2309 Rob- inhood, Houston, Texas. aughey, the wife of Dr. David Mc- June 22-30 – Victorious Life Confer- Conaughey who was for some years ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Lake Geneva, Wis. June 24-July 1. the Y. M. C. A. missionary in Madras, Mrs. Thomas A. Freeman, 5841 July 1-29-Institute of Race Rela- Kenmore Ave., Chicago, Ill. died at her home in Montclair, N. J., tions, Swarthmore College, Swarth- on May 18, at the age of seventy-two. more, Pa. Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul). She was one of the founders of the September 16-23. Mrs. A. F. Au- Y. W. C. A. in India and was greatly July 2-7-International Christian En- guster, 1536 Van Buren St., St. beloved and honored by many mis- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, Paul, Minn. Pa. sionaries and Indian Christians who Mt. Hermon, California. June 29- enjoyed the hospitality of her home. July 4-7 – Conference on Christian July 6 (not definite). Mrs. W. F. Education and the 22d Annual Angwin, 1836 Clemens Road, Oak- Rev. Dr. Wm'". E'". S'"oothill, Profes- Meeting of the Presbyterian Edu- land, Calif. cational Association of the South. sor of Chinese at Oxford University, Montreat, N. C. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. England, died on May 14 at the age July 31-August 6. Mrs. B. H. Sin- of 74. He went to China as a mission- July 6-14-Victorious Life Conference. cell, 103 2d St., Oakland, Md. Keswick Grove, N. J. ary of the United Methodist Church Northfield, Massachusetts. July 5-13. in 1882 and labored there for twenty- July 10 – 24 – Leadership Training Mrs. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. five years, becoming one of the lead- School. Montreat, N. C. ing authorities of the world on Chi- Southern California (Los Angeles). nese life and language. He was born July 16-19-Annual Assembly, Amer- September 23-27. Mrs. Thomas M. in Halifax, the son of William and ican Association of Women Preach- Buley, 800 Rome Drive, Los An- ers. Aurora, Ill. geles, Calif. Margaret Soothill. He was stationed at Wenchow, China, from 1882 to July 20-28 – Victorious Life Confer- Warren, Ohio. September 17 and 24. 1907 and established there churches, ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Mrs. Geo. Konold, 314 Scott St., schools, a hospital and a college. He N. E., Warren, Ohio. was for four years president of the July 24 – 31- Woman's Auxiliary Training School. Montreat, N. C. Winona, Indiana. June 26-July 2. Imperial University of Shensi Prov- Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- ince. Among his best known books August 1-4-General Missions Confer- wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. are "Three Religions of China"; "A ence. Montreat, N. C. Mission in China"; "Life of Timothy Obituary Notes Richard of China"; "A History of August 3-11-Victorious Life Confer- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Rev. T. Matsuyama, one of Japan's China," and "Anelects of Confucius." ~rea~est benefactors, died January 4 August 7-12 – World Convention of m hIS 90th year. In 1871, becoming *** the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, alarmed at the spread of Christianity, England. he began to study it secretly in order Miss Jane Addams, the world-fa- to know how to combat it. His antag- August 11-18-Foreign Missions Week onism changed to faith and with ten mous social welfare worker and peace of the Southern Baptist Convention others he was baptized. He became in the Blue Ridge Mountains on pastor of a church in Kobe which he advocate, died on May 21 aft~r a ma- the Southern Baptist Assembly helped to establish; in 1884 he assist- Grounds, Ridgcrest, North Carolina. ed in a translation of the Bible and jor operation for cancer. She would in 1911 was a member of the com- August 12-18-World Alliance for In- mittee to revise the translation of the have been 75 years of age on Septem- ternational Friendship Through the New Testament into Japanese. Churches. Geneva, Switzerland. ber 6. She was recently awarded a *** August 17-25-Vidorious Life Confer- Nobel prize in recognition of her ef- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Dr. David George Downey, mem- forts in behalf of world peace. She ber of the Methodist Board of Foreign August 18-22 – Universal Christian Missions, died March 7th in White was the founder of Hull House, Chi- Council for Life and Work. Geneva, Plains, N. Y., at the age of 76. Dr. Switzerland. Downey had helped to make the Meth- ~ago and had been for the past 46 odist Book Concern the largest organ- August 20-22 – Men's Conference. ization of its kind in the world. years greatly honored and beloved MontTf'at, N. C. *** because of her settlement work for August 22-Seut. I-Bible Conference. Montreat, N. C. Rev. William E. Boggs, Baptist the poor and underprivileged. She has missionary in South India for 42 August 30 – September 2 – Victorious years, died April 6, at Greenwich, been called a "priestess of under- Life Conference. Keswick Grove, Nova Scotia. N. J. standing" and kept open house for * '" '" Summer Conferences and prince and pauper alike. She has been Schools of Missions Dr. H. H. Tilbe, retired Baptist missionary to Burma, died March 4 honored with degrees by many uni- Affiliated with the Council of Women in Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. and Mrs. for Home Missions and the Com- Tilbe had served under the Baptist versities. mittee on Women's Work of the Foreign Mission Society for 45 years. Most of their work was in Rangoon. Miss Addams was born in Cedar- Foreign Missions Conference '" '" '" ville, Illinois, of Quaker ancestors her DATl!:S AND CHAmMEN FOR 1935 The Rev. Abram W. Sparks, for- father having been a personal f;iend Bethesda, Ohio. July 29-August 2. mer executive secretary for home mis- Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson sions of the General Convention of the of Abraham Lincoln. Among the Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. books of which she was the author Boulder, Colorado. June 23-29. Pro- gram Chairman-Mrs. Henry F. are: "Twenty Years at Hull House"; _ Hoffman, 741 Adams St., Denver, "Second Twenty Years at Hull Colo. House"; "Democracy and Social Eth- Chautauqua, New York. August 18- 24. Institute of World Missions, ics"; "Newer Ideals of Peace"; "The Mrs. F. C. Reynolds. 309 Woodlawn Road, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md., Spirit of Youth in the City SWtormeaetns''"~ Chairman. and "The Long Road of Memory."

HAYFEVER ASTHMA and SUMMER COLDS are nnne.essary. Complete relief only $1.00 pOltpaid. Nothing elle to buy. Over 40,000 HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS lold Idt year a10n.. Mail $1.00 today for full 1.8IOn'I reUef to THE DAN DEE CO., 252 HENNEPIN AVENUE, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., or write for Fre. Booklet.

MISSIONARY The next issue of the REVIEW will ~enever

REVIEW OF THE WORLD be .a combined July-August number. If you are to be away from home for the Call comes from DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor the summer please send us your change of address now. EAST OF SUEZ VOL. LVIII JUNE, 1935 No.6 Personal Items sail by Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Dr. John R. Edwards, Secretary of p&O the Meth()dist Board of Foreign Mis- Editorial and Executive Office– sions; E. M. McBrier, lay member; To whatever part of the East the work 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dr. Morris W. Ehnes, treasurer, with of the Faith may take you •.• Cunard Entered as second-class matter at Miss Juliet H. Knox, representing the White Star and P & 0 comhine to Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, make the way easy. You cross to Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under sailed from New York, April 20, for England by the largest fleet on the Act of March 3, 1879. North Africa, to study problems con- Atlantic ••• then sail eastward on the nected with the readjustment of Meth- new s.s. Strathnaver or s. s. Strathaird 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. odist work in that fielc;l. or any other fast luxurious P&O liners. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. . .Thus you use throughout the two Published monthly, except August. *** Lines preferred by travelers since All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. 1840 • •• on the Indian and Pacific British agents – Marshall, Morgan Dr. George B. Dean, for eighteen as well as the Atlantic oceans. Tra- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, years connected with the Board of ditions of seamanship and service that London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Home Missions and Church Extension have endured for nearly a century, 10 shillings a year. of the Methodist Church, has retired are your assurance of a safe and because of a serious heart affection. supremely comfortahle voyage. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB~ LISHING CO., INC. Dr. Albert *Sc*hw*eitzer, African PENI NSULAR AND ORIENTAL AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS medical missionary, was honored on BRITISH INDIA ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8ident his sixtieth birthday in Strasbourg, W"M. 1. CHAMRERLAIN, Vice-President where he studied and taught, by hav- STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANIES WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer ing a city park named for him. He DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary has just returned to his hospital at P & 0 liners sail regularly from London to Lambarene, Africa. Egypt, Sudan and the Persian Gulf, to India, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Burma and Ceylon, to the Straits Settle- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Dr. Homer D*. B*roo*kins has retired ments, China and Japan, to Australia and WM. B. LIPPHARD New Zealand, East and South Africa, ERIC M. NORTH from the editorial staff of the Watch- Mauritius, etc. Convenient through book- JESSE R. W'ILSON man-Examiner. He had served that ings at attractively low fares can be arranged paper and its predecessor, the Exam- by your local travel agent or any office of A. L. WARNSHUIS iner, for 47 years. Cunard White Star Line. Complete informationfrom Your Local Agentor SAMUEL M. ZWE'MER *** CUNARD WHITE STAR Editorial Chat Sir Harold Mackintosh, President of the World's Sunday School Asso- GENERAL AGENTS Here is our Home Mission number. ciation has received a baronetcy from The subject is so vast that only a few King George, who thus recognizes the 25 Broadway New York 638 Fifth Ave. phases of it could be treated in one greatness of this organization. issue. The Indians, Negroes, Mexicans, Orientals, lumbermen, miners, Rev. and Mrs*. G*eor*ge G. Mahy, of mountaineers, West. Indies, Alaska, city slums, prison work, industrial Buckhorn, Ky., have been assigned to centers, Sunday school evangelism and missionary work in China under the religious work in rural districts are Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misall omitted or slightly treated. Some sions. Mrs. Mahy is a sister of Mrs. promised articles were not received in John C. Stam, who, with her husband, time for publication – and one – on was murdered in China December 8. "Christian Youth and a New America," by Roy A. Burkhart, was *** crowded out and will appear in July. This series is, however, varied and Brayton C. Case, an agricultural timely and will well repay study. missionary of the American Baptist Read them and pass them on. Foreign Mission Society, has been presented .with the Kaisar-i-Hind Sil- *** ver Medal for services to practical agriculture in Burma. Mr. Case is A Correction principal of Pyinmana Agricultural Sch,ool. In the frontispiece for our May number (showing some Mohammedan Fifty years ago Dr. Roberts had mosques) there was a transposition crawled on his hands and knees up of titles. The left-hand pictures to that ·same throne to ask permission shows the mosque at Woking, Eng- of the Burmese king to start mission land; the upper right-hand mosque is work among the wild Kachins. Misthat at Mogok, Burma, and the other sion work has now changed this peois that at Srinagar, Kashmir. ple from bandits and robbers into pro- tectors of the peace. *** *** A Word to the W ise~ Dr. Dan B. Brummitt, editor of the "I wish I could afford to have THE Central Christian Advocate, Kansas REVIEW and Women and Missions in City, Mo., was elected chairman of every Presbyterian minister's home of the Editorial Council of the Religious this land. . . . I can't see how any Press, composed of editors of Protminister can keep up his intelligence estant denominational papers. Dr. and interest without these magazines. Guy E. Shipler, editor of the Church- Lack of interest is almost always due to ignorance." (Concluded on third cover.) From a letter to Women and Mis- [257 ] sions from Dr. Frederick G. Coan of MinneapoIis (former mission- ary to Persia).

"Happy Is the Nation Whose God Is the Lord"

UNITE TO WIN AMERICA for CHRIST THROUGH PRAYER WITNESS SERVICE LIFE Present Situation in the United States—The Challenge Total Population,: 134,000,000 Protestant Christian Communicants, 30,000,000 Total Protestant Community, 70,000,000 Roman and Greek Catholic Community, 20,000,000 Non-Church Members (Including Children), 75,000,000 Unconnected with Any Christian Organization, 44,000,000

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REvIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1935 Topics of the Times SAVING THE SOUL OF AMERICA 2. Progress. No land has offered· greater op- Every land has its special resources and culture portunities for progress than has North America. Territorially the United States has expanded from -its heritage and history. The United States of ocean to ocean. No old ironbound customs and traditions have prev·ented development; new ideas .America has been greatly blessed in its tlhoecacthioanr-' and plans have been tested by laboratory methods of its natural resources, in -in government, in education, in industry, in so- III the wealth cial customs and even in religion.

acter of its early settlers, and in its national his- But today the ambition for material progress threatens to cripple and destroy the nation. When tory. In spite of many dangers and difficulties- wealth becomes a great end in itself; when edu- cation leads to the deification of the intellect; or because of the battle against them-the coun- when industry develops into selfish warfare be- tween capital and labor; when statesmanship detry's development has been steady and remark- generates into petty party politics; and when social life takes on the characteristics and customs able, at least for the first century and a half of its of the jungle-then the soul of the nation is lost.

history. Wealth, education, culture, industry, in- 3. Service. Almost every nation seems to have been completely absorbed with its own national fluence, power have increased as long as national problems and with the struggle for existence. From its early years of independence America has ideals and Christian teachings have united to keep offered a haven for oppressed and underprivileged peoples. Not only the development of her own standards high and to develop strength. vast territory but international travel and com- merce and the sending abroad of money and mis- But in recent years the body and mind of Amer- sionaries, have enabled Americans to share their material and spiritual blessings with others. ica have been developed at the expense of its soul. Today many of these streams seem to be drying For America has a soul-a spiritual quality of life up. The desire to protect national industries and to avoid entangling alliances is keeping America that must be nurtured if the body is to be kept from adopting unselfish policies and from full co- operation in international courts. Our doors are healthy and is to function properly for the benefit now almost closed to immigrants and our mis- sionary activities are being curtailed. of mankind. The characteristics and vital reali- ties of the soul of America include: 1. Liberty. When the Western Hemisphere was discovered Europe was passing through the Dark Ages – politically, intellectually and religiously.

North America was settled by men and women who sought freedom to live and to work and to worship God in harmony with high intelligence, great industry and noble ideals. The liberty sought was in harmony with law-particularly the laws of God for the well-being of man.

When licence and lawlessness take the place of law and order-licence in dress, in behaviour, in amusements, in sex relations; lawlessness and laxity in regard to property rights and traffic- laws, in marriage and the sacredness of human 4. Spiritual. America was discovered about the life-then a land and its people lose the privileges time of the Protestant Reformation., The United of true liberty. Is it not time for America to re- States was settled from northern Europe by turn to the high ideals and the practice of liberty sturdy pioneers who brought with them their open in harmony with the laws which God has estab- Bibles and who sought to pattern their lives after lished for the physical, moral and spiritual good the revealed will of God rather than on the lines of all mankind? of humanistic or materialistic philosophies. Pure, [259 ]

monoganous family life in America has been held schools and colleges, irreligion in the homes, athesacred; character-making education has been of- istic propaganda, open immorality and obscenity fered to prepare all for unselfish service; Sunday, in published literature and public exhibitions. as the Lord's Day, has been respected as a day of Parents and teachers who have strict ideas of rest and worship; Church and State have been Christian standards of conduct are referred to by kept separate, not to exclude God and His laws modern youth as "belonging to the stone age," as from the State but to prevent the State from in- hopelessly puritanical or "old fogies." No doubt' terfering with religion. most of these youth do not intend any wrongdoing but they are reckless and like to throw off all When lawmakers lose their spiritual ideals and restraint… As a rule they are not to blame. They their sense of obligation to God; when the Lord's are following the trend of the times, are often Day is commercialized and secularized; when influenced by the teaching and example seen in moral standards in education are lowered, and their homes, their schools and colleges and in when a materialistic social order becomes men's public places. ideal, it means that the supremacy of God is overlooked or ignored. Government, education, in- The great problem of home missions today, is dustry and society, as well as religion, are then on not so much the problem of occupying new territhe toboggan. tory or establishing religious centers among neg- lected pioneers and primitive peoples, as it is the But America still has a soul-a spiritual life problem of manifesting a type of Christian faith and character-as well as a body-to be saved. and life that will be an evidence of its vitality Home Missions represent the effort of Christians and truth, and will attract others to Christ. It to extend and express that spiritual life and char- requires no argument to prove that a noble hisacter in service, according to the will of God as tory or good laws do not insure a strong nation. revealed in Jesus Christ. Until this soul of Amer- It requires also noble, high-minded citizens and ica finds expression in every nook and corner of loyalty to good laws and high ideals. the country, in every phase of American life, in all our laws and institutions and activities-until The great problem of home missions today, as then the Home Mission task of the Church of of every day and every land, is that of winning Christ will not be completed. Nationalism 'may individuals to high idealism, training young and be only a heathen ideal; patriotism may be igno- old to use their powers of body, mind and soul for rant and selfish; Christianity means not only character development and for the benefit of othloyalty to Christ and His program, but unselfish ers, revealing to them the Source of wisdom and devotion to one's country and to the welfare of power that will make their talents and resources humanity in every part of God's world. The effective. What other way is there of solving this home missionary ideal is to bring one's country problem than the Way of Christ. wholly under the control of God. But that ideal can only be realized by the surrender of every THE RECIPE FOR A HAPPY NATION individual and every institution and activity to Many ideals and programs are being tried out Christ. for making a strong, prosperous, happy nation- in Russia, communism and the success of the Five THE PROBLEM OF HOME MISSIONS Year Plan; in Germany, Nazism and the elimi- TODAY nation of all that is non-Teutonic; in Italy, Fas- cism and the development of a powerful central There is no greater problem today than that of government; in Japan, military power and exbringing American life into harmony with the pansion; in China, national unity and the realizaspirit and teachings of Jesus Christ. It is easy tion of Dr. Sun's principles; in India, self-govto recognize the great progress that has been ernment and the development of home industries; made by the United States in the past fifty years in European countries, national security and -territorial expansion and increase of popula- economic prosperity; in America', economic retion, in commerce and manufacture, in wealth and covery and no outside entanglements or interphilanthropies, in education and science–but ference. have we made similar progress in morals and social justice, in Christian character and life? Every intelligent and patriotic good citizen By these latter standards of measurement have wishes to see hi/} country strong and prosperous we gone backward or forward? Judged only by and at peace with the world. He wishes to see church attendance and church membership, sta- his fellow-countrymen free and happy and gaintistics show a numerical increase but proportion- fully employed-a blessing to themselves and. to ately we have been slipping. all mankind. But there are different views as to the guiding principles and the forces that produce More than this, anti-religious and unchristian such a nation and such a people. The all-wise influences are increasing-in the teaching in many

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

and all-loving Creator and Ruler of the universe This effort to persuade Germany to revert to has given clear directions, infallible rules for paganism may lead many astray through false attaining the desired result in personal and na- aims and a vain hope of unity and security. While tional life. Here are a few: all public Christian rallies, Protestant and Cath- olic, were forbidden, more than 15,000 anti-Chris- 1. Happy is the nation whose God is the Lord. Psalm tians recently (April 26th) gathered in the 33: 12. "Sportspalast" in Berlin to attack Christianity and in a less degree to express their sympathy 2. Happy is the man (or nation) whose iniquities are with the plan to organize a Nordic pagan moveforgiven. Psalm 32: 1. ment. Pagan symbols and swastika flags deco- rated the platform. 3. Happy is the man (or nation) whose strength is in God. Psalm 84: 5. While Hitler himself may not openly and direct- ly sponsor the anti-Christian movement, he and 4. Happy are they who do right at all times. Psalm the Nazis are seeking to establish a political, 106: 3. state-controlled Church-making God and His decrees of secondary authority to national laws, 5. Happy is he that has mercy on the poor. Proverbs some even declaring that "Reichsfuehrer" Adolph 14: 21. Hitler is God's spokesman and representative. The new religion seems to consist chiefly in in- 6. Happy is the man (or nation) who maketh the Lord tense German nationalism. Apparently the only his trust. Psalm 40: 4. rites of the Nordic pagan faith consist in a cere- mony for new-born children and a civil marriage 7. Happy are they who hear the Word of God and keep agreement. In the effort to establish a centralit. Luke 11: 28. ized, unified State Church, hundreds of Evangel- ical Christian pastors-700 in one week-have 8. Happy are they who hunger and thirst after right- been jailed or sent to concentration camps. Any eousness. Matt. 5: 6. public mention of these arrests is forbidden. There is also an attempt to bankrupt "confessional 9. Happy are the pure in heart . . . Happy are the churches and clergy" by taxes and withholding peacemakers. Matt. 5: 8, 9. stipends.

10. Happy is the man who keep~th the Sabbath. Isaiah But brute force cannot win over spiritual force. 56: 1. There are millions of Evangelical German Chris- tians who will withstand every effort to paganize 11. Happy are a people saved by the Lord. Deut. 33: 29. them and their children. They are strong, coura- 12. Happy is he who is not offended in me (Christ). geous men and women who know their Bibles and Matt. 11: 6. who have personal experience of the power of Christ. Danger of imprisonment and death can- Disregarding these clear directions and the not intimidate or silence them any more than it plain lessons of history, nations today seek secur- could silence or destroy the Apostolic Church. ity and prosperity through armaments, treaties, "Truth crushed to earth will rise again." Christ human laws and "recovery codes," through regu- is still the power of God and the wisdom of God. lation of crops and prices, by labor organizations and chambers of commerce, by social security acts EARTHQUAKES AND FAMINE-WHAT and increased taxation. At the same time they NEXT? neglect the cultivation of justice, righteousness, brotherly love and Christian education. Is it any Recently, on almost the same day, newspapers wonder that "Icabod" is so often written over were filled with reports of disaster in many parts legislative halls and business marts, over court- of the globe. Formosa, the large island about houses and educational institutions and even over 100 miles off the southeastern coast of China, churches? largely inhabited by Chinese but now ruled by Japan, reported (April 22) a severe earthquake in The Word of God comes to America, as to the which some 2,500 people were killed, nearly 7,000 people in the days of the prophet Isaiah: "Seek homes were wrecked, 250,000 people are reported ye the Lord, while he may be found; call ye upon homeless, and much other damage was done. This him while he is near; let the wicked forsake his is one of twenty-five great earthquakes of the way; and the unrighteous man his thoughts, and present century in which 290,000 people have lost let him return unto the Lord and he will have their lives. mercy upon him and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon." Formosa is a mountainous island about 235 miles long and 50 to 100 miles wide, with a popu- GERMAN ANTI-CHRISTIAN ACTIVITY Recent reports from Germany announce that the seventy-year-old General, Erich Ludendorff, the eccentric military genius of the World War, has appealed to the Teutonic people to abandon all faith in Christ and the Bible and to return to the worship of the Teutonic god Odin-whom he calls the "holy wellspring of German power." General Ludendorff claims that the Hitler drive for German unity and power will not be effective without national unity and that this unity is attainable only by the adoption of a Teutonic god-a legendary being.

lation of some five million Chinese, Japanese and Council to the Belgian Minister of the Colonies aborigines. The principal cities and towns are says in part: on the west coast. This is the island where Dr. The Colony has some 250 doctors. About 165 (of whom George Leslie MacKay, of the Canadian Presby- more than half are foreigners) belong to the official service, terian Church, carried on a very remarkable mis- 15 are in the Catholic mission service, and 50 belong to sionary work a half century ago. His work was the Protestant missions. The medical budget amounts to located in the north at Tamsui (Taihoku), while the English Presbyterian Church occupies sta- 76,000,000 francs. Of this total, Protestant doctors receive tions in the southeastern part of the island. The between 600,000 and 700,000 francs, being about 1%. The 15 Catholic doctors receive all expenses, just as though they were Government doctors; and the 50 Protestant doctors recent earthquake was confined to the west central receive only . . . 1%! Protestant hospitals, dispensaries, residences for doctors and nurses, and their entire equiparea of the island where there are no foreign ment have been paid for by the funds of the Protestant missionaries. missions, whereas all this has been furnished by the Gov- ernment to the Catholic missions. . . . Certain facts On the same day reports came from China that 12,000,000 Chinese are suffering from famine due clearly distinguish our medical work from that of the to drought in eight provinces-Hainan, Anhwei, Catholics: Ours was not established at Government ex- pense; it was not established to compete in any way with and Hupeh suffering most. Many victims are the work of another confession; it has never established said to have been reduced to eating the bark of a medical service in a region already served by a doctor trees, roots and grass, having exhausted the sup- belonging to another confession. In short, it has only ply of dogs and other domestic animals. Women thought of offering to the greatest number of suffering and children are being sold to the highest bidders. humanity the medical care of which before they had been deprived. . . . We know that often the Catholic mis- The central areas in the United States have sions, even with their subsidies provided by the State, been suffering from prolonged drought, followed refuse to receive Protestant patients on account of their by great dust storms that have swept up thou- faith.

sands of acres of surface soil and have carried What, then, is it that we ask? Medicine being a public service, we ask that the Colonial Department follow a the dust as far west as Los Angeles and as far policy inspired by the benevolent impartiality which Beleast as New York. Discomfort and disease have gium has engaged itself to practice in virtue of the Coloresulted from inhaling the dust; traffic has been nial Charter and in adhering to the Treaty of St. Ger- temporarily blocked in some places and large main-en-Laye: that the Government shall "protect and farms have been stripped of fertile soil. favour, without distinction of nationality or religion, all In the midst of these and many other wide- religious, scientific or charitable institutions and enterspread distresses and disasters it would seem that prises.

men, who have prided themselves on their phys- Regarding education the report goes on to show ical conquests, and on their discoveries and inven- how the same discriminatory measures have been tions in the scientific and natural realm, would pursued despite the fact that the Protestant turn from war and destruction to give all their Church has been the pioneer in the field and has energies to constructive activity to establish har- brought great blessing to the Congo. The report monious relations with nature, with one another gives instances where special prestige is given to and with God. The world needs to submit to the Catholic prelates by government's ceremonials to rule of Jesus Christ. impress the natives. It also cites case after case of cruelty practised upon the natives by priests ROME'S GREAT MISSIONARY ACTIVITY in order to induce them to turn Catholics.

The present Pope of the Roman Catholic Church Other reports tell how Roman Catholic mission- is very active as missionary propagandist. No aries are establishing schools and- hospitals near one need to be surprised and none should criticize some of the best Protestant stations in an effort him or his Church for such activity, but there may to draw off the Protestant adherents. Instances be grounds for criticism of Roman Catholic are given where children are intimidated and methods. The Protestant Council of the Belgian even beaten to make them stop attending Protes- Congo recently prepared a protest against some tant schools. The missionary representations to of these methods and against the favoritism the Belgian Government are not complaints shown to Roman Catholic workers and because against legitimate Roman Catholic activity but of discrimination against the work of Protestant call attention to unfair government discrimina- missions shown by Belgian officials in the Congo. tion and to cases of intimidation and persecution. These discriminations have been extremely detri- The present King and Parliament in Belgium are mental to evangelical work-especially to the more inclined to give Protestants fair treatment Protestant mission schools and hospitals-some or and have promised to see that these abuses cease.

which have been established in the Belgian Congo There is a great reason for thankfulness that the for half a century. case of evangelical Christians is in the hands of The document forwarded by the Protestant God. .

the Home Mission

By REV. MARK A. DAWBER, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Superintendent of the Department of Rural Work, Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE last five years have witnessed the round- church no less than government is called upon to ing out of the first century of organized home face the new demands of these changes. Our mission work in America. Several denomi- planned agriculture and industry to meet the new nations have been celebrating this century of ac- economic and social problems will require a new tivities and achievement. There is probably no home missions to bring to these new frontiers the chapter in American history more thrilling than dynamic of Christianity and unless this can be that which records the exploits of those early done and done quickly, there is grave danger that pioneers who blazed the trail into the American the mould of the new economic civilization will be wilderness, across the Rockies and penetrated into set without the safeguards and guiding principles of the Christian religion.* the far West, keeping pace with the population as it Are the days of pioneering in Home Missions Restated moved ever westward in search of new lands in which home missions past? Is there Home missions must now to settle. A few of these old more land to possess, a need for be restated in terms of presfrontier mission tasks re- more churches? There are re~ ent-day conditions. The primain but the work of estab- ported to be at least fifty mi1~ mary purpose is the same as lishing the Church in the lion people in America not con~ ever, that of making Jesus rapidly developing move- nected with any church-Cath~ Christ available, known and ments of the closing days of olic or Protestant. The task is accepted to underprivileged, the nineteenth century and still with us but it is different ignorant and indifferent peo- the beginning of the twen- from that which faced the early ple, and through Him to tieth, has never been com- bring people to a knowledge pleted. Many of the old fron- pioneers. Dr. Dawber points of God and His love for sintiers still remain, church- out ways in which we must fill ful man and to show the posless and godless, and are sibility of redemption and even now a challenge to the our church program with new salvation. From this point methods if we would win Amer~ ica for Christ.

Church. of view the problem is the But for the most part the same as in former days. But old frontier is gone. The old haphazard move- there is a difference in degree of need, and in the ment of peoples westward and the influx of multi- attitude of underprivileged people toward the tudes of foreign-speaking peoples from Europe to cause of their need. Home missions must do more take their pla'Ce in the rapidly-expanding indus- than meet these needs, it must address itself to tries, is gone-at least for the present-and there remove or overcome the causes. Too long have are those who predict that it is gone forever. The we been content to be the stretcher-bearer for an settling up process has given way to a settling economic system that was unj ust and therefore down process, that brings with it a new set of unchristian and that has cast its wreckage of life factors with which home missions must grapple. on the scrap-heap of humanity to be cared for by A planned economy to meet intensive living, as the Mission Boards and other benevolent institu- against the old easy-going policy of expansion, is tions. "Prevention is better than cure," but it is now the order of the day. New types of control less spectacular. It is much easier to arouse the are abroad in the land and many of them are here to stay. The old frontiers have gone but new • It was for this purpose that the Home Missions Council set frontiers, far more difficult and creating greater needs, have t aken the p1ace 0 f the oId. The forth to explore the situation and to record Its judgment and suggest nation, yes the whole world, is now in the throes a program and policy that would help the Home Mission Boards to of readjustment and reconstruction made neces- face up with the new task that lies before them. The results of sary becaus~ of these changing frontiers. The this study covering a period of five years were published a year ago in the book "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." A casual glance at this volume will reveal the tremendous task that now confronts the Church If It is to occupy a place of respect and be ~~n~~:~t~~. in~.h~.n~~ economic, social and moral frontiers of our [263 ]

sympathy of people to give money to alleviate the administrative offices seeking employment. Othsuffering of people, than it is to get support to ers have gone directly to closed churches and prevent suffering. The Mission Boards must now offered their services at a mere pittance of a salmarch out on these new economic and social fron- ary, in order to get a shelter and enough to eat. tiers to wage war against any and every agency Mission Boards must be alert in protecting the and institution that in any way contributes to the use of funds for churches that will make an appeal poverty and destitution of the people. The decla- to supplement the salary of men who are serving ration of this new purpose will doubtless make under such conditions. In a word, the problem enemies of certain individuals and groups whose of competition is intensified as we pass from an consciences will prick them and who take refuge increasing population to a relative decrtasing one. in defensive mechanisms of traditional ways of expr,essing religion. On the other hand the ac- Institutional Changes ceptance of this new purpose will make a host of new friends and supporters who wish to help in Home missions must be restated in terms of constructive work for the rebuilding of society on certain institutional work. Schools, hospitals, a truly Christian basis. homes and certain social services have undergone a vast change. We are facing a very different set Among- Foreign Language Groups of factors that make unnecessary the develop- ment, and, in many instances, the continuance of Home missions must be restated at the point of this type of work. In the early days of pioneer the changes that have come to certain special life, it was right that the church should organize groups. The ministry to foreign-speaking peoples and promote such institutions. The state and the has received a considerable share of home mis- local communities were neither able or interested sion funds. During the expansion period of in- to do so and the church has rendered a muchdustry, people from other lands flocked to Amer- needed service in initiating and standing by such ica by the millions. To keep up with this invasion, institutions until the state and local communities and to meet the ever-moving stream of this migra- could care for this work. There are still certain tion, has been a most difficult task. No other situations where pioneer and underprivileged concountry has ever faced such a problem so that ditions obtain so that the church must continue there was no previous experience upon which to the work of education, hospital and relief service. develop the program. But this need is passing as a responsibility of the Mission Boards, and they must now frankly face We have now reached the end of this immigrant the task of readjustment that comes as the result movement, at least for the present. The tide has of the change. tu:vned and recent studies show that for every foreigner who came in under the quota in 1933, A National Responsibility thirty-five went out. From now on the task will be that of winning the second and third genera- Home missions must be restated as a national tion of the foreign groups. responsibility. Certain types of service are the primary responsibility, and the total church mem- This will require a program and a policy that bership must be made to feel the obligation. will be centered in the English-speaking churches Other lesser needs become the responsibility of that are in close proximity. There will be certain certain areas that have within them the resources exceptions, but for most situations it will require to care for them. Home missions must be claria readjustment of program to reach these people. fied at the point of this distinction.

Denominational Competition The intensive lifenow upon us will demand that mission funds be used for certain well-defined Home missions must be restated from the point types of service that will qualify as a national of view of comity and cooperation. The problem respon~ibility. In this class we include the work of competition was not a sensitive one in the days among Negroes, Southern Mountains, Alaska, of expansion for the denominations felt justified Puerto Rico, Hawaii, certain language groups, in locating new churches, since the future prom- needy industrial and rural areas and special projised rapid growth of population. This policy can ects that are rapidly developing under the reconno longer be defended and denominations are struction and rehabilitation program of the Govobligated to confer with one another as to the ernment. location of new churches to meet the changes that are necessary. The present situation and the immediate future require that the home mission task be more clearly Another element has now entered into the pic- defined, and restated and the projects selected on ture and that is making the task of comity and the basis of these new and more valid standards cooperation difficult. Hundreds of unemployed of missionary need and service. ministers are knocking at the doors of church

RESTATING THE HOME MISSION TASK

The Church Building Program phasized the primary work as related to present- ing Christ and His program to indifferent and un- The foregoing statement if true would suggest derprivileged people, there is also a responsibility a restatement of home missions in the field of that rests upon home missions in' its relation to church erection. If we have reached the end of the whole Church. Self-supporting churches form the expansion period, then it stands to reason the home base of giving for the work conducted there will be less demand for church expansion in by Mission Boards. If this spring of resources terms of building. That there will be many home dries up, there is little that the Boards can do. Remission needs in this field goes without saying. cent years have witnessed a terrific shrinking in Old frontier communities are still lacking in suit- the giving of the churches and this cannot all be able church buildings and equipment, but they charged to the "depression." The greatest loss will not be needed at every crossroads as in the took place in the so-called prosperity years, so past. Rather, they should be placed at strategic that we must look to some other cause than the centers of population development and changed depression upon which to hang the blame. . conditions of transportation. Many old churches are in need of remodeling and additions, and This loss in giving seems best explained by loss where this is necessary in missionary territory, of interest, not only in missions, but in Christithe home mission agencies will be faced with a anity itself. Jesus Christ is no longer an imperacontinuing responsibilty. tive fact in life. The majority of church members do not seem to have any deep concern about the A tremendous task also confronts the Church in redemption of the world. Jesus Christ is not a meeting the burden of indebtedness that rests significant factor in their own lives, therefore, upon hundreds of churches that have been erected they are not concerned about the significance of in recent years. The value of this service cannot Christ for others. This I believe to be the crux be overstated, but it must be segregated from of the present problem. People are not going to home missions except where the service is ren- strain themselves to make the Gospel available to dered in strictly home missio1;l projects. We do lesser privileged groups unless the Gospel is acnot desire to minimize the importance and the cepted as imperative for themselves. It is not place of church erection in the Christian enter- information about missions these people need, it prise, but rather to call attention to the changed is information about Jesus Christ and a vital relaemphasis that is necessary as the result of the tion to Him. change in the nature of the work as home missions passes from the expansion period to one of Home Mission Boards have a tremendous regeographical and population limitations. It is not sponsibility in the deepening of the spiritual life now a task of building more churches, but of pay- of the whole Church, to make Christ real and iming for those already built and developing and perative to the total membership and to quicken extending the ministry of the same. the sense of His abiding significance to all those who profess to be His followers. If this can be Home Missions and Christianity done, there will be new hope and larger resources with which to carryon the enlarging task of mak- Our task must also be restated in terms of the ing America Christian. total Christian enterprise. While we have em- FROZEN SPIRITUAL ASSETS and For years the world has staggered under haastrebmeeenndthoeusfrowzeeinghatssoeftse.coBnoumt iacllstthriengfreonzcey~ one of the major reasons for this situation assets are n~t ~aterial. There are the potential assets of faith, hope, and love frozen solid under ~h.e thIck Ice of prayerlessness, complacency, irritability, and insincerity. Frozen moral and spIrItual assets are, as a rule, exclusively individualistic in nature and self-inflicted.

Many of us have not been worthy stewards of God, wisely dispensing the spiritual wealth entrusted to our keeping. We have permitted ourselves to become pawns and slaves to fluc- tuating commercialism and have deteriorated vinaltuoesspiisriotufapladrwamaorfus~tbiymbpoowrtianngcae titnhtehaelbtaurilod-f materialism. The fair appraisal of intrinsic ing of a life. .

. A power greater than our own is needed to liquidate the frozen assets of the soul. Jesus Chrlst has that power.-Rev. Harry G. Earle, in "The Christian Advocate."

Changing Frontier in

By REV. HERMANN N. MORSE, New York Author of liToward a Christian America"

THE dominant force in the development of its, who always answer the call of adventure, rest- home missions from its beginnings until now less, reckless men for the most part; those who has been the frontier, in much the same way have encountered misfortune, or who have failed that childhood dominates the school, or that sick- to get ahead in the old and have turned to the new ness dominates the hospital. Without the one the for a fresh start, hard-working, substantial folk, other would never have been. ready to pull the wheelhorse's load; and those who just cannot abide the restrictions or accept The historian, Frederick J. Turner, was the the responsibilities of developed community life. first to elaborate the theory of the frontier as a controlling influence in our There are always two national history. Other his- sides of the frontier picture, torians, such as Charles A. What has become of the geo- what is left behind and what and Mary R. Beard and graphical frontier which has lies ahead of the moving pop- James Truslow Adams, have been pushed westward into the ulation line. For the commumade much of the signifi- Pacific Ocean? With churches nities out of which the micance of the frontier. Peter and Christian institutions scat- grants have come there is a G. Mode, in a suggestive lit- tered all over the land, why is greater or less degree of tIe book published a few not the task of home missions stagnation. Ahead of them years ago, emphasized the completed? Dr. Morse answers is the raw newness of the contribution of the frontier tIhnisonqeuesesntisoe nt-haet hleoamset imn ispsairotn. frontier. Thus there has al- task will never be completed unspirit to the development of til every man, woman and child ways been the contrast of American Christianity. In has at least a fair opportunity the old and the new, in some the thought of these writers, to know and accept Christ and sense a conflict between the most distinctive charac- to live a normal Christian life them, a conflict between the teristics of American life in a Christ-governed commu- rigidity of the old and the have been a direct result of nity. That will be only when plasticity of the new, bethe way in which this coun- Christ reigns supreme. tween the conservatism of try was settled and has the old and the adventure- grown to maturity. The ness of the new, between the frontier, or rather the suc- orderly organization of the cessive frontiers, furnished the keynote of the old and the militant individualism of the new. process. At no point in the story of the nation is this so evident as in the development of the home Always, too there has been the sense of change impending, and actually going on. Such change mission enterprise. has been thought of as toward something "bigger Even the more obvious aspects of our national and better," a slogan as typically American as "E Pluribus Unum." A steady and practically history reveal the effects of certain constant, or unlimited growth has been accepted as our na-' at least constantly recurring, influences. New ter- tional destiny. Every new village has dreamed ritories were opened to settlement. Populations metropolitan dreams. Every new business has were redistributed. Our history began on that thought in terms of empire. note and each decade adds illustrations. The process is not yet completed. Only yesterday we It is easy to see why the frontier idea domi- read of new projects in Alaska, in Arkansas, in nated home miss-ions. The man who isn't going Washington, in Tennessee-magnets for thou- anywhere needs no guide. If he is building nothsands of families. Each new advance from first ing, he needs no carpenter. If he is mature and to last had its scouts, pathfinders and surveyors. in good health, he needs neither nurse nor physi- Each drew people out of old settlements to estab- ciano But the frontier meant that many people lish new. Generally, the same three classes of were going places, were building things, were people have responded; the bold pioneering spir- growing up in new environments, were struggling [266 ] to overcome obstacles, were enduring hardships. The following decade saw work extending into Home missions was simply the way of the Church Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Arizona, Utah and to serve such people. Frontier meant something among the Indians and the Spanish-speaking peo- primitive, unformed, lacking in the privileges and ple in the Southwest. This decade also confronted values which we associate with normal living. the churches with the tremendous problems inci- What the frontier meant concretely in the his- dent to the freeing of theNegro slaves.

tory of home missions is too long and too familiar The next two decades saw the extension of work a story for retelling here. The frontier and home into Alaska, the beginning of work among Hun- missions were children together and grew up to- garians and the definite crystallization of the gether. We may date the beginning of an organ- concern of the Church for its ministry among ized program for home missions on a national European immigrants and for the problems of its scale at around 1800. From that time until the growing cities. At this time, too, the Southern present practically every decade confronted home Mountains were rediscovered as a missionary missions with some strikingly new situation, problem. The same decades saw the initiation of either a new territory to enter, a new type of pop- the modern program of Sunday School Missions.

ulation to serve, or a new sort of problem to solve. In the last decade of the century occurred the Furthermore, in each decade the advance agents beginning of work in lumber camps and, as the of home missions were scouting out the tasks that century was drawing to a close, the entry by the would engage the Church in subsequent decades. Church of Cuba and Puerto Rico.

By 1800, mission work was under way in all The first decade of the new century saw the be- of the Atlantic seaboard and New England states ginnings of the modern programs of country and in Kentucky and Tennessee. Without attempt- church work and of city church extension and also ing too exact a chronology, it will be of interest to the organization of the great interdenominational recall some of the high points of the later progress bodies in tlie field of home missions.

by decades. This was followed by the launching of the The first decade saw work extending into Mich- cooperative program in Santo Domingo, the de- igan, Ohio, Indiana, Louisiana and among the velopment of a program of work among migrants, Cherokee Indians in the south and the Tuscarora the beginning of service to the Filipinos, and the Indians in the north. facing of the emergency situations created by the The second decade added Illinois, and Missouri conditions of the past few years.

when Salmon Giddings established in St. Louis Through all these years the program of home the first Protestant church west of the Mississippi. missions has had to make provision not only for In this decade occurred the great mission tours of carrying the old and continuing tasks, but for Mills and Schemmerhorn through the Mississippi constant extensions into new fields and the under- Valley as far south as New Orleans in which was taking of new tasks. It is natural enough to ask revealed the religious destitution of that great whether that is still true today and whether there era. is still a place for the frontier idea in home The third decade saw work extended into Ar- missions.

kansas and Wisconsin. In answering this question we will consider the The fourth decade was marked by expansion in frontier in four of its persistent aspects.

many directions. Work was initiated in Minne- People on the Move sota, Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa and Texas. The Ponds began work among the Sioux Indians in The first of these concerns that hardy perennial Minnesota to be followed not long afterward by of all the days of home missions, the new settle- John P. Williamson and Stephen R. Riggs. Jason ment and the problem of 'people on the move.

Lee, Marcus Whitman and H. H. Spalding began People are still on the move in this country. A their epic-making labors in the far northwest. saying of James Truslow Adams that "America The fifth decade added Nebraska in the middle is settled up and Americans must settle down,"

west, New Mexico in the southwest and California is sometimes quoted as though the redistribution on the coast. In the latter state mission work was of American population had practically come to begun within a year after the discovery of gold an end. On the contrary, there is under way right and the start of the great overland trek. There- now a redistribution of population of considerable after population began to flow from both east and magnitude. Many forces are at work in this, in- west into the Rocky Mountain states. cluding drought, unemployment, emergency, pub- During the sixth decade work was begun in lic works, federal policies for the acql1isition of Colorado and South Dakota. The first church for marginal lands for park purposes or for reforest- Orientals, outside of Asia, was organized in San ation, and other forces too numerous to mention.

Francisco. ' So far as the numbers involved are concerned, it

is likely that the present decade will witness as in northern Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. great a dislodgment of people from their old A considerable number of such Homestead Projhomes as any decade in the history of the nation. ects are now under way or are planned.

Not all of such population movements, of course, During the past five years there has been more create new situations for home missions since individual homesteading in some parts of the west much of the movement of the population is into than in many years previous. A missionary in communities already provided with churches. New Mexico, for example, found in a certain area But constantly new situations are being created. several hundred newly arrived families among whom two promising churches have been organ- Some years ago when construction was begun ized. In Arkansas, an area of 20,000 acres of on Boulder Dam, seven denominations associated fine, fertile land has been reclaimed by drainage. with the Home Missions Council cooperated in Recently, families began to move in from different the establishment of a joint religious enterprise counties in the state. Here the missionary has for the 7,000 or more people who made up the organized a Sunday school which has from 150 inhabitants of Boulder City. A minister was to 200 attendance. Elsewhere in the west one established, a church organized, a building erect- missionary reports that he has had contact with ed, and a fruitful program of religious ministry sixty-eight different communities and another has been carried forward. Now this enterprise with fifty-one. In almost all of these settlements is nearing completion well ahead of schedule and no religious work was being maintained except people are beginning to move out. However, what the itinerant missionary could provide. there are still 1,400 children and young people in Boulder City, an amply worth-while field of min- All sections of the country have by now become istry. accustomed to the challenge and the opportunity represented by the CCC Camps. Recently the In Washington, work is under way on the announcement was made that during the present Grand Coulee Dam, which is a very much larger year the number of such camps would be increased project than the Boulder Dam. Here about 5,000 from 1,468 to 2,916, and that the number of young men are working and a cooperative religious pro- men in them would be increased from 303,000 to gram is already under way. This is an irrigation 600,000. project designed to impound the waters of the Columbia River in the Grand Coulee for the ulti- Many illustrations of this sort could be given. mate irrigation of 1,750,000 acres of the Columbia The problem of missionary extension which they basin. The soil is rich, only needing water, and create is no whit less important than the similar when irrigated the basin will furnish homes for problem in the days of the covered wagon. Here 40,000 families on small farms. are people in new surroundings. Some will re- main in a given location only for a short time. Forty-two miles up the Columbia River from Others are building their homes and establishing Portland, Oregon, is the Bonneville Dam now in permanent communities. Whether they are in the process of construction where 2,000 or more men one case or the other, they present a definite need are now being employed. Here, too, a cooperative for the ministry of the Church. religious program is under way. The Unserved Populations Considerable publicity has been given to the various homestead projects being developed by the Equally insistent is the problem presented by Federal Government as a part of its program of the unserved populations, who for one reason or relief and rehabilitation. another are not reached by the existing churches. This is a second aspect of the frontier which has At Crossville, Tennessee, for example, is located long engaged the attention of home mission agenthe Cumberland Homestead. This is designed for cies. Some of the most significant and stirring 350 families, each of whom will have a small farm episodes of home mission history have been conwith a fine modern house. These families are cerned with the efforts of the church to carry its being recruited from the ranks of unemployed ministry of service across the lines of race and . coal miners and others who in their former homes color and class. This phase of extension has been have had an insufficient measure of support, most a task as great in extent as the primary task of of them being on the relief rolls. Here will be geographical extension and has been more difficreated a new community of possibly 1,500 select- cult. This does not present many entirely new ed people. phases, now that immigration from foreign coun- tries has virtually ceased, but in even its oldest In the Matanuska Valley of Alaska, near An- aspects it is a task as yet largely uncompleted. chorage, a similar homestead project is under way which will provide homes for 200 families. These The most recent challenge has been that of the families, many of them of Swedish or Finnish considerable number of Filipinos on the Pacific extraction, with many young children, are being selected from among those who are now on relief

THE CHANGING FRONTIER IN AMERICA

Coast. Before the Filipino immigration was sus- dren in such migrant families hardly one in fifty pended last year the number of arrivals, coming is now being served through this program.

chiefly by way of Hawaii, had reached a total of Frontiers of Poverty 60,000, most of whom have settled in California.

A report' just received from an interdenomina- In the third place we are still confronted by the tional executive, who recently surveyed this situa- frontiers of poverty and need in all the distinctive tion, summarizes the problem in cryptic phrases: missionary areas in which work is being carried Sixty thousand-mostly young men. No legal protec- on. There is a disposition among some to assume tion. Migrant seasonable workers. Living conditions bad. that except for the emergency created by the pres- Gambling and shooting common. Little being done for ent depression, the need for missionary work in them. Not welcome as a rule 'in American churches. the fields of education, health and community The Christian work among them is largely car- service has been largely eliminated by the developried on through Filipino Christian Fellowships, ment of public agencies.

which are interdenominational in character, but A government bulletin has just been received in many cases sponsored and assisted financially reporting the results of a survey of social and by denominational groups. An annual conference, economic conditions in the Southern Appalachi- on a definite constitutional basis, of all of these ans. This document, replete with maps and charts Fellowships on the Pacific Coast is now in process and tables, bears sober testimony to the contin- of formation. There are in California seven dif- uance of those conditions which prompted the ferent centers having each from 3,000 to 10,000 development of the mission program in that area.

Filipinos, while others are scattered all along the A few facts, culled at random from the report, coast. The present program of service needs to show that there is still physical isolation in the be very greatly extended and greatly strength- mountains. In over sixty counties less than a ened. third of the farms are located on improved roads.

Of all the racial groups with which Protestant To anyone who has ever ridden over unimproved mission agencies have had contact through the roads in the mountains this speaks volumes. On years doubtless the least progress has been made 30% of the farms the total value of all farm with the Jews. Much has been written concern- products sold, traded, or used is less than $400 ing the importance of developing the Christian per year per farm. For sixteen townships, the approach to the Jewish people. They are an im- average per farm is $25'7. Let any housewife pressively influential element of our national life. figure how far $257 a year in cash or farm prod- They are widely scattered, being found in consid- ucts could be made to go for the support of a large erable numbers in almost every city and large family. Typical public school conditions are still town in the country. It is conceded that very below average in the mountains. In seven coun- many of them have no more than a nominal at- ties, over one-fifth of the children of public school tachment, if that, to the church of their fathers. age do not attend school. In twenty-three coun- Today, as always, the general attitude of the ties, three-fourths or more of those of high school Christian Church toward the Jews is as great an age are not in school. Eleven counties show an obstacle in the way of the Christian ministry to illiteracy rate of 7% or more among children 10 them as is their attitude toward the Christian to 20 years of age. In seventeen counties the Church. average school year covers less than 135 days. In Almost any of the other distinctive racial two whole states more than one-half of the teach- groups in America would serve as an illustration ers in public school have had no more than high of the need that still remains for the pioneer school education.

extension of missionary work. The national con- . In the West Indies ference, held last winter, on evangelical work among the Italians was an impressive demonstra- A recent volume of the Foreign Policy Associa- tion of the substantial progress which had been tion on "Problems of the New Cuba," gives a made and of the splendid leadership which had vivid picture of difficulties to be duplicated in been developed. But it equally demonstrated the other West Indian islands. This study, while size and importance of the work remaining to be showing the great progress that has been made done. The same could be said of the annual con- in many fields since the formation of the Republic, ·ferences of the Council of Spanish-speaking Work. piles up the evidence of pressing economic, educa- There is justifiable satisfaction in the program tional, health, and welfare needs. Half of the sponsored by the Council of Women for Home population are illiterate. The general standard Missions for service among migrant workers. of living is low and fluctuating. Economic prob- But the satisfaction must be tempered by the lems are complicated and difficult. A summary of realization that of the estimated number of chil- case studies of forty~one typical families showed

that only seven had a total annual income in cash A Frontier of Ideas and Ideals and in goods in excess of $500. Ten families showed annual incomes of less than $300. Finally, there is a frontier of ideas and ideals of which home missions must continue to take ac- Similar citations could be made with respect count. An eminent preacher said recently: to many other large groups within the home mission field. The plain fact is that millions of peo- Scientific knowledge has its limits, not temporarily but ple, quite aside from the emergency of unemploy- permanently. There are areas of our experience where ment, are living below a reasonable sustenance life essentially is and always must be an adventure into level, and that no possible extension of govern- the unknown. The chief value of knowledge is not that mental service can be expected wholly to meet it makes everything certain, but that it constitutes a their needs for the facilities of normal living. frontier backed by vast resources from which expeditions into the unknown may hopefully set out. These things have a bearing upon the service ministry of home missions. Even moreunmis- Home missions has had a value in the Church takable is the case for its evangelistic ministry. Every study of the church situation in America over and above the value of its specific accomhas indicated the uneven degree of success in winning to Christian fellowship the inhabitants of plishments in that it has kept alive the importance different sections and different types of communities. Even more significantly such studies have of' certain great human and religious questions. demonstrated the insecurity and the inadequacy of the churches upon'which many people depend. It has been a concrete demonstration of the The recent volume by Drs. Douglass and Brunner, "The Protestant Church as a Social Institution," Church's concern for human welfare in the broadreveals the fact that the average church both in city and country is below the point of effective- est and most fundamental sense of that term. ness in program, leadership, financial strength and membership. It is pointed out that between Really to apprehend and accept the full signifi- 1,000 and 1,500 rural churches are abandoned every year and that many of these are in commu~ cance of the missionary movement implies comnities which do not receive adequate service from any other existing churches. Thus the rural mitment to the principles of social justice and areas continguous to most cities and towns, the economically retarded areas, generally, and many universal brotherhood. It is still too true that thousands of scattered rural neighborhoods in all parts of the country, are deprived of effective many people are held back in their advancement Christian leadership and service. by handicaps for which they have not been respon- sible and which they cannot overcome unaided.

Many are the victims of arbitrary and unChris- tian discriminations. One Christian mission to America is not completed by preaching the Gospel and by the performance of kindly services for those who are in need-important as these are.

It would not be completed thus, even if all indi- vidual Americans were nominally won to an ac- ceptance of Christian discipleship. Implicit in the task is the making Christian of our collective life and beyond that the christianizing of our total influence as a nation in the world. This frontier of ideas and ideals lies all around us.

Here, then, are four Louisiana aspects of the frontier Purchase which still persist. They do not wear quite the same face as in genera- Ceded by in tions past. They have Mexico different symbols and 1848 must be met with differ- 1 7 8 g e n t measures, but to as great a degree as ever in the past they demand from the C h u r c h of.

Christ a pioneering en- LATER ADDITIONS thusiasm, an unquench- Alaska Territory able zeal and an uncon- Hawaii and Guam Puerto Rico quering faith. The Philippines Virgin Islands, W. I.

"CHARACTER MAKES CITIZENSHIP – RELIGION BUILDS CHARACTER"

was the slogan of the St. John's Lutheran Church School in the civic parade at Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Thirteen nationalities were represented in. national costumes.

The Problem of Unassimilated Americans By the REV. W. C. SCHAEFFER, Allentown, Pa.

Pastor of the St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church T HE presence of the foreigner among us to agitation and incitement to violence that aim again raises an issue that is acute. Sentiment at the destruction of constitutional government and interest in this matter advance and re- and at the overthrow of our institutions. Sixteen cede in waves. For years the attitude is one of such agencies under long range direction by the apathy or aloofness and then suddenly some crisis Russian Soviet are said to be operating here and shocks us to awareness of.the number, vigor and a sharp curb should be put on radicalism foment- origins of our newer immigrants. In times of ed from alien sources. Confirmed terrorists also danger or distress unassimiIated groups are held offer a knotty problem that cannot be handled in suspicion as a menace or a burden and great softly.

need arises for the exercise of fairness and right Moreover the crisis created by non-employment judgment. seems greatly intensified by the unassimilated The many angles to this question defy identical mass of foreign population. Much capital has treatment. Some phases call for highly special- been made of the use of the uncanny coincidence ized skills of trained experts in government de- that the number of unnaturalized aliens plus the partments. None of us are for unbridled license illegal entrants, 5,748,760, equals roughly the [271 ]

total number of our unemployed workers.. These It was in answer to the world's great need that figures can be repeated carelessly enough to imply the Son of God came as the world's Saviour. that the sole responsibility for the present unem.- ployment situation rests with this group. Need offers the challenge to the Church to strengthen rather than reduce the ministering In any case certainly the cure does nQtlie in forces. Jesus' word is "the whole need not a precipitate action making for nominal citizenship. physician but they that are sick." Not survival This high privilege should be sought only on the basis of mature judgment and conviction, a mat- but conquest is the fit slogan of the Church. ter of character not of expediency. Pressure A first approach can be based on that which is directed from any other motive will work disastrously. Isaac F. Marcosson said recently, best in the background of the groups to be influ- enced. Many foreigners who do not impress us Although millions of aliens refrain from assuming the even as literate because of their struggle· with a strange language can order their thoughts coherobligations of citizenship because of indifference or lack ently, have a highly developed sense of apprecia- of conviction, which makes for divided loyalty, others are tion in music and art. Indeed a frequent obstacle is encountered in their loss of respect because glad to do so because of the ~irage of easy money. Since many customs current here run counter to supe- the agitation for the Townsend plan, naturalization of- ficers, particularly in California, have done a booming rior customs prevalent in the old world. In the mind of many aliens culture is more important business with sixty-year and older aliens eager to get under the Utopian umbrella. The prospect of $200 a month for the rest of their lives is obviously a far more than outward acctimmulation which is too gener- ally accepted as a symbol of success among us. potent lure to citizenship than safety and succor under Their filial obedience and'fiqelity in religious obthe American flag. . servance often rise. up ito shame us. In many centers Young Women's' GhristianAssociations have done a noble work. . Groups of fo;reigners are encouraged to give expression "in folk. f~sti­ vals and homeland exhibits to that whicp is p()te~…

and characteristic racially. Often these are liIiked with exhibits of production here that mak~ easy the transition in thought from their native home to the home of their adoption. .

But much more is needed to knit into our na- tional fabric the lives of our new Americans. This is a matter of character and character is the fruit of religion. This is the business of the Church. The point of contact here is in the ris- FOREIGN BORN PREPARING FOR NATURALIZATION ing generation. In the old world, because of the prevalence in most countries of the es,tablished Despite all these difficulties it is amazing how church, religious instruction is incorporated in the most of them dissolve under the application the scheme of general education. We do not have of faith. The problem is largely one of penetra- this in America and we do not want it. But in tion into the isolation of these people's separate our system of education we are under a queer existence and this is the purpose of Christianity. obsession in our interpretation of the principles The crux is not in the barriers raised by the of the founders. Their idea of religious freedom communities of foreigners as much as in the reluctance to function on the part of the people whose was a freedom to cultivate faith and piety. We very business is goodwill. In every community exercise our freedom to neglect faith and piety. where there are foreigners there are churches; As Dr. Butler said last December in his address these churches should constantly be exerting the to the trustees of Columbia University, "So far spirit of interest and helpfulness and serVice that as tax supported schools are concerned, an odd becomes a bond of union and leads to oneness of ideals, aspirations and desires. situation has arisen. The separation of Church and State is fundamental in our American politi- This calls for much reconstruction of thought on the part of the followers of Christ. It is the cal order, but so far as religious instruction is rep:r-oach of Protestant churches that they retreat concerned, this principle has been so far departed under the pressure of need in adversely-changing from as to put the whole force and influence of environments. This is reversing the Divine order. the tax-supported school on the side of one ele- ment of the population-namely that which is pagan and believes in no religion wha,tever . . . The school would. refrain from religious instruc- tion of any type, but it would also cease from a

THE PROBLEM OF UNASSIMILATED AMERICANS

policy which now makes it impossible for the song was arranged to which the children invited family or the church to put religious instruction their parents. A beginning was made with an upon its true basis." Then Dr. Butler declared old-fashioned magic lantern; then a balopticon that the allotment of a definite time for religious was secured; then a silent/ motion picture proteaching away from the school building would jector and now improved sound for a community lead parents and children "to look upon religious night that repeats its program three times and instruotion as vitally important and as constitut- attracts three thousand people. This community ing an essential part of the process of education." night has built up a Sunday church night which We record the solemn conviction that the real draws many of the same audience, and in which menace in America is not in the limited group of familiar visual projection aides are used for the agitators of violence but in the ever-growing hymns and even for portions of the liturgical number of the rising generation, estimated today service. In these ways a whole community of at about seventeen million, whose lives are un- divergent and often hostile elements has been reached by any positive religious influence whom brought together in the spirit of understanding we are yielding up as legitimate prey for exploita- and goodwill. tion. In their hands rests the destiny of our country. Incidentally the life of the church. becomes transformed. Instead of an ailing, anemic church Our foreign population need not be a liability there grows a vigorous, flourishing church. There but an asset. In one great industrial center this are the verve and zest of an enthusiasm that is has been demonstrated in an experiment running born only in engagement in a redemptive task over the past sixteen years. A congregation that and mission. Standards of sacrifice and generosfound itself in the midst of a rapidly-changing ity are set that deepen spirituality and widen the environment made a survey of the pupils in the sphere of influence. A church school whose spirit public school located in the same block with the ordinarily is as dryas dust rises on a tide of church and was amazed to learn that its enroll- youthful devotion. The very neglected groups set ment embraced twenty-two nationalities. Among a tempo for action and movement that changes a the elementary pupils 157 were found who never staid and discouraged congregation into a lifeattended any church school. A weekday school giving source of energy and power. of religion was organized for intensive training in Christian life and leadership on the basis of a This is the Church's contribution to the soluthorough-going study of God's Word. In the first tion of our country's greatest problem. Ours is year the roster of students embraced seventeen nationalities as follows: American, English, Ger- the unenviable reputation of being the most lawman, Italian, Hungarian, Slavish, Austrian, Jew- less nation on earth. Crime cost in excess of ish, Negro, Lithuanian, Russian, Czecho-Slovak- twelve billion dollars last year. Each year we ian, Polish, Hellenic, Irish, French and Swiss. have about twelve thousand homicides, a thousand This school has grown in influence until now there a month. In 1933 over 350,000 persons were comare some 869 pupils enrolled with a faculty staff of mitted to penal institutions, the majority of whom 46 members with daily operation on released time were young .men who never had any religious from the public school. There are approved chan- training. Perhaps some people come by crime nels for registering self-expression in behavior, stUdiousness, witnessing, stewardship and serv- honestly. Nearly all crime can be controlled at ice. Among the teachers each year are fourteen the source by a new conception and a new directo sixteen college students who have the ministry tion being given to growing life. This is the in view and who acquire an invaluable training essence of the mission of Christianity. that will enable them in the future to face with a sense of ease and mastery the grave problems Our day needs a new and vivid interpretation confronting the Church today. It has been proved of Pentecost. Before the Spirit descended on that the one unanswerable argument that can be Peter his speech lacked something. It was wholly put into the mouth of youth today with which provincial. He cowered with dread under the to meet the criticism aimed at the Church is a taunt of a maidservant who challenged him with, changed life, a rich, full life in Christ. "Surely thou art a Galilean for thy speech betray- eth thee." But after Pentecost Peter's language Early in this experience it was learned that it struck a universal note, "Behold, are not all these is not enough to lift children for an hour or two which speak Galileans? And how hear we every a week out of an environment into which they man in our own tongue, wherein we were born? sink back only to revert to type. This was like Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the bailing out a bucketful only for the flood of waters dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judea, and Capto pour in again. An evening of pictures and padocia, in Pontus, and Asia . . ." There is one universal language. It is the language of the heart, of love-God's love in Christ.

versus the "Isms"

By REV. GAlUS GLENN ATKINS, D.D., Auburn, New York Author of "Modern Religious Cults and MOtJements," etc.

"ISM" is no word at all, only three letters- It is easy to make all this too remote and the- neither verb, noun, adjective nor adverb- ological, but the practical bearing is plain. Un- just a suffix, and yet a good dictionary has less there is something detached from our con- trouble enough telling what it does to the words fusions, perplexities, even our most promising to which it is added. It changes an act to a programs, we are simply lost in our own fog.

process, a· condition to a theory, a quality to a There is all about us an entangling play of inter- peculiarity, the specific to the general and a prin- ests, each one of which wants to use everything ciple or a program to a state of mind. Finally we else for its own ends, no one of which is ample make a poor, indefinite kind of noun out of it and enough or final enough for the meanings and des- write or talk about "isms," usually to condemn tiny of life. The Church reflects this. It has them, unless they happen to be our favorite shaped so much of its life to fit the patterns of "isms." There can never have been more of this this or that order. An entangled Church cannot than just now. One has only to begin to make a speak to a world of hates and fears and hopes as list of the "ism" words in current use to find that it ought. But Jesus Christ can. For the sake of out. The list would include politics, economics, what is timeless and divine Christianity must not sociology, religion, the whole field of contempora- be captured by lesser interests, used for "ism"

neous thought and action, and before one finished ends.

it there would be a new one. The list itself would Its supreme service is to approach life from the represent the confusions and the quests of a con- outside and from above. And for the sake of our fused and questing time – our present general human interests, it must not permit itself to be state of mind. confined by any social, political or economic pat- Christianity is caught in it all, unescapably. tern. Its mission has always been to save them Christianity has always had enough "isms" of its from themselves. There are ways of living and own. It still has many of the old ones and many working together through which the essential disturbing new ones, or else the old have simply spirit of Christ can express itself better than changed their clothes. It is also involved in the others. No doubt of that. It cannot, we are be- social, political and economic confusions as never ginning to see, be true to itself in many aspects before. Some deny it (a stronger word is really of what we now call capitalism. Some would go needed), some use it, a few are trying to capture much farther. That soulless system, they say, is it. What can it do? What ought it to do? No alien and hostile to the corporate expression of the one can answer those questions finally at present, Christian spirit. Militant nationalism is even least of all in the limits of a brief article. more profoundly impossible for a real Christian- 1. Christianity must, I think, keep above and ity, militarism is utterly un-Christian. But apart from any of them. It is more than anyone Christianity is more than the putting an end to of them; it is more than all of them together- any or all of these.

even when they are friendly and offer themselves There are defensible ideals of a Christian social as fulfillments of the Christian way and spirit. order which have much in common with Socialism, It has a nature and authority above the changing even with the wide and fraternal sharing of re- tides. Any historian would say that Christianity source and production, which lies behind Com- has been an outstanding aspect of Western civ- munism-if the word could be disinfected. But ilization. The Christian historian maintains that for Christianity-to identify itself with these or it has been the pUlsing heart force of Western any form of them. is for it to surrender its mis- civilization. But Christianity is more than any sions and cease to be itself.

civilization. It is the judgment bar of civiliza- II. Christianity has the secret of the inner tions and their final control. It is not history unity which is the conditIon of escape from any speaking to God. It is God through His revelation confusion, deliverance from any "ism." Actually in Jesus Christ speaking to history. they are all marginal. Some of them in the gen- [274 ] eral field of Western religion are a ravelling out IV. Above all we need power, constant, sus- of Christianity itself. They take marginal aspects taining and enough. I would not thresh old straw; of it and make them central (plenty of illustra- but suppose we got what the most humanely gen- tions). They make a new patchwork fabric of its erous, wise and far-seeing of our social programs loose threads. Others are this or that half-truth. are after. What will sustain them beneath the So:rp.e of them oppose interest to interest, class to enormous weight of our sins and our stupidities, class, nation to nation. And most disastrously of the inertias of our habits and self-interests and, all they get into our own inside lives of faitp and above all, the resurgence of what in us is unsocial motivation and divide us ourselves into warring and hungry for power? Can we do it by the laws camps. we ourselves pass? Can we use our own au- Then in thought and deeds and words ~e pro- thority against ourselves? Well, maybe, to a de- ject this inner confusion into all our human order. gree, but there is no guarantee in that, nor in our Here more than anywhere else is the secret of all unregenerated human nature.

our confusion. The real point of departure for This is not begging a disputed question with an any deliverance must be from within the soul. evangelical phrase or offering one solution for all Here Christianity meets all the "isms." They are our problems. It goes deeper. When everything sectarian; it is catholic. They are divisive; it is said and 80 many futile things done, only should unite. They are marginal; it is central. changed men can change the world. They may They work in from the outside; Christianity works and do need to change the machinery through from the soul out. This involves far more than which they work. They need to find channels Christian unity. It involves unity in Christ, be- proper to the flow of their regenerate spirits. But ginning with the divided soul and ending with a they need power to go on, to bear, to believe, to world seamed and broken like a lava field after an hope. They need motivations which reach beyond earthquake. the present to deal with the present. They need something beyond themselves even to be them- III.. Christianity supplies the correction of the selves. partial; half-truths – or less; half-faiths – or worse; half-deliverances – or no deliverances at If there is any empowerment outside Christianall. That centrally is the weakness of every ity to do all this, those who know where and what "ism"; it is never enough. It makes one pro- it is must make their case. They have history gram, one understanding of life and God the whole against them. It may be said, must be said, that thing. And it asks us to take all our noble capac- Christianity has never found or even sought a ity for loyalty and devote it to-just itself. Na- full channel for its power, used it partially and tionalism does that everywhere. Communism through its partial use of its divine enduement does it in Russia, Socialism would like to do it. left a place for the "isms." But it has the Power Like Isaiah's image-maker, any "ism" boils the -and it is nowhere else. When we have seen the pot with one end of its idol-stuff and makes a god Cross for all it is and means and does, the Power of the other. There is no denying the intensity is there. of devotion which may thus be secured, but its very intensity burns it out and in the end defeats *** the very object of it. These points are general but they are capable One cannot even criticize justly, creatively, the of precise, definite application to every aspect of twisting, turning, questing movements of a time what the "isms"-any "ism"-of our over "ismlike ours unless he has a sovereign control from ed" world-stand for. Christianity has an office which and by which to criticize them. Some of above them, detached from them. It approaches the most brilliant of our critics are like people them with the authority of its revelations of God who would criticize a merry-go-round while rid- in Jesus Christ. And without that we are lost in ing its wooden horses. They do no more than our own confusions.

change their mount and criticize the horse they He and He alone can supply' the inner unity were just riding, from 'the next one in front of it which will save us from our divided selves and or behind it. No wonder we keep going round in their issue in a divided world order. Christianity a circle.. I know this is a loose statement but I opposes the complete to the partial, and alone has know equally that it has in it a fact which to our the authority of corre~tion. .

peril we neglect; that Christianity has in it the Christ can supply the power without which even whole truth and the whole authority without what is wisest and most promising cannot main- which we cannot see how partial everything else tain itself. In the Realm of God we find the Di- is and without which we have no place to stand if vine Order, transcending any human order, the we seek no more than to see our world steadily, only revelation which lends object and meaning to see it whole and to see it against the back- to the brief stages of our pilgrimages here-and- grounds of the will of God. now.

New Day and the Old

By REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. )ne– Author of "Old Things New," etc.

CHRISTIANITY has had to fight for its life clean hands and sensible speech (is to draw near)"; or, in every age. It has never had an easy again, "He who is pure from all stain, conscious of no sin time. It has had to defend itself in every in his soul, and living an honorable and just life (may generation. After the early Christians had ac- approach)." Such is the cry of those who promise puricepted the call to die for Christ during the martyr fication from sins. But let us now hear what sort of centuries they were afterwards challenged to people these Christians invite. "Anyone who is a sinner," think for Christ in the creedal centuries. For they say, "or foolish, or simple-minded-in short, any un- Christianity is not only a way of life but a way of fortunate will be accepted by the Kingdom of God." By thought and it will not endure as a way of life if "sinner" is meant an unjust person, a thief, a burglar, a it fails to maintain its supremacy as a way of poisoner, a sacrilegious man, or a robber of corpses. Why, if you wanted an assembly of robbers, these are just the sort of people you would summon!

thought. Commenting on this statement, Harnack says: We are constantly speaking as if we lived in a "Here Celsus has stated, as lucidly as one could desire, the cardinal difference between Christiannew world. It is only superficially so. The real problems of life are the same today as in the day ity and ancient religion." Christianity met huof St. Paul and no one can face the conditions of manity where its needs were the greatest and, early Church history without feeling at home. where no other religion could succeed, the Gospel Indeed there is high encouragement when the his- wrought out its redemptive work. It asked for no privileges. It met humanity in whatever contory of the early Church is studied from the point dition it found it and brought to it salvation. It of view of our modern world. It was against had no special message for the rich or the culgreat odds that Christianity made its way. How tu}."ed; neither had it any special message for the it was able to win victories in circumstances and ignorant or the poor but to every man, as a man, conditions so adverse has always been a problem. Christ was offered as the one and only Saviour.

The 'secret of the triumphal march of Chris- There is hidden away in the record of the progtianity has eluded the best historians. In his ress of the Gospel the simple statement, "The dis- ciples were called 'Christians' first in Antioch." "History of the Rise and Fall of the Roman Em- That indeed was a victory! Antioch was the third pire," Gibbon set forth five reasons, namely: the city in the world, Rome and Alexandria alone surzeal of the Christians, their doctrine of immor- passing it. It held a population of half a million. tality, the working of miracles, the moral stand- Situated on the slope of Mount Silpius, with the ards of Christians, and the privilege of political broad navigable river Orontes at its feet, a bouleparticipation. Dr. T. R. Glover, with the insight vard five miles long, paved, not with asphalt or of a great Christian, says that Christianity out- cobble stones, but with the purest of white marble. lived, out-died, and out-thought the pagan world. Surrounded by a wall that clung like a natural It is open to anyone to discover the secret for barrier to the mountain eminence that overhimself. The facts are spread before us in the shadowed the city, it was a place of dreamy pages of the New Testament and it may be inter- beauty-with flowering trees, statues, colonnades, esting and helpful when there is bewilderment and bridges, baths, basilicas, villas, theatres and luxconfusion if the causes for the triumph of the ury, culture, beauty, pleasure, commerce, pagan- Gospel in the early Church be set down. ism, barbarism, superstition and heathen religion mingled there In all the rich luxuriance of the' First of all the early Church proclaimed a G()S- East. It was the melting pot of the nations. The pel. The leaders heralded a Gospel which in its immigration problem was at its crisis in Antioch, highest sense was redemptive. It dealt with sin; but it was there that Paul planted the Cross and personal sin, social sin, sin against God, and it made those laughter-loving people stand at attenpromised recovery. It made no concessions and entered into no compromises. No better statement can be found than that given in the attack upon Christianity by Celsus. This is what he said: Those who invite people to participate in other soIemni- tion. There were no Alps to Napoleon and there ties, make the following proclamation: "He who hath are and can be no obstacles to the Gospel of Jesus [276 ] Christ save in the faithless allegiance of His fol- even after the centuries have passed; the stand- lowers. ard of virtue for men and women. Writing be- Furthermore the early Church cultivated the fore 200 A. D., Clement of Alexandria made this spirit of aggressive evangelism. One hears the announcement: "Our judgment is that the virtue marching past of many feet as he opens the pages of man and woman is one and the same. For, if of the New Testament and follows the history of the. God of both is one, the instructor of both is the early Church. Start in anywhere and we hear also one; one Church, one temperate self-control, the marching of an unorganized multitude going one modesty, common food, marriage an equal forth to its work. Occasionally a sentence is yoke; breath, sight, hearing, knowledge, hope, dropped which reveals what is going on; a sen- obedience, love – all things are alike to them.

tence such as this: "The disciples were every- Those whose life is common have also a common where scattered abroad and went about preaching grace and a common salvation; their virtue and the Word." They had no set method, nor organ- their training are alike."

ized plan. They needed none, for a living faith Anyone who reads the Acts or the Epistles in requires no .fixed method. For centuries this pas- the New Testament will realize that faith was sion for evangelism burned like a flame in the never a substitute for good deeds and that the heart of the Christian Church. Everything was discipline of the Church in relation to moral be- informal, impersonal, and men and women spoke havior was rigorously severe. It has always been the message of Eternal Life to neighbors, ac- true of Christianity, where it has been proclaimed quaintances and friends. They were not content in its purity that personal and social morality, to abide at home but travelled far inland in order followed as a natural fruit of the Christian life.

that the message might have free course and be It was Catherine Booth of the Salvation Army glorified. Origen, writing shortly after 200 A. D., who said to her followers before her death: "We said: "Christians do all in their power to spread will go in more and more for righteousness." It the faith all over the world. Some of them ac- is this same demand which is disturbing the con- cordingly make it the business of their life to science of the world today. The Spirit of Christ wander not only from city to city but from town- is moving through the Church demanding a higher ship to township and village to village in order standard of moral living not only personal but as to gain fresh converts for the Lord." In his related to everything in life, industry, politics, "Church History" Eusebius announces the same education; we will not go successfully forward truth: "Very many of the disciples of that age until the Church challenges the world by a new (pupils of the apostles) whose heart had been standard of personal and social righteousness.

ravished by the divine Word with a burning love One thing more – early Christianity was unfor philosophy (i. e., asceticism), had first ful- compromising. While it had the power of adaptfilled the command of the Saviour and divided ability, nevertheless it was unwavering in its detheir goods among the needy. Then they set out mand that every knee should bow to Christ. Chrison long journeys, performing the office of evan- tianity received, as through tributaries from gelists, eagerly striving to preach Christ to those every direction, the currents that came flowing in who as yet had never heard the word of faith, and from many lands; but all down through the years to deliver to them the holy gospels." Every Chris- it kept its purity and its uniqueness. At the same tian was an evangelistic missionary. Everything time it assimilated to itself modes and customs was personal and life-giving and everywhere the and languages, transforming them, utilizing them, principle was verified that one loving heart sets baptizing them into the message and meaning of all the world on fire. There is no substitute for the Gospel. What it did with customs and lanevangelism even in our sophisticated modern world and again it will return in power. guages it did ,also with diverse nationalities. It A third quality which is discernible among the lifted up into its own unique fellowship men of all early Christians was their moral earnestness. On races and of all nationalities. Here at last, from every page it is recorded that the early Chris- out of racial hatred and national isolation of the tians demanded not ecstasy and enthusiasm, but ancient world, Parthians and Medes and Elamites honest-hearted virtue and supreme moral values. and the dwellers in Mesopotamia and in Judea, The fruit of the Spirit, said Paul, is not ecstasy Jews and Greeks, Cretans and Arabians, but "love, joy, peace, long suffering, gentleness, heard in their own tongue the mighty works of goodness, faith, meekness, temperance." Every- God. It repudiated barriers of nationality; it where and always Christianity has stood for moral claimed humanity as its field and the communion regeneration, for a clean life, for the stricest sort table became the social center of a world-wide of honesty, purity and undefiled righteousness. fellowship.

Take, for example, one issue that is still debated We are being told today that if Christianity is

to endure it must pool its interests with other reli- That inference is not new. Modern perplexity gions; that in order to ward off the attack of god- repeats the age-old problem. The Church of the lessness we must make common cause with all Roman Empire faced it under vastly more allurother faiths. We are told that it is the whole ing circumstances but the Christians of that day line that is endangered and not only the Christian refused to compromise. Instead of lowering the salient. It is a massed attack upon the whole standard of the Cross they lifted it higher. In spiritual concept of life. It is proclaimed on every the words of Dr. William Kemp Lowther Clarke hand that the inherent goodness of man can work of Cambridge, a very competent historical scholar: out his own destiny; that we do not need to postulate God; He is a projection of our wish-think- Had the Church really conformed to Gentile patterns ing. Prayer is defined as emotional release; sin there would have been no persecutions. Paganism had no is called an inferiority complex. Conversion is objection to welcoming Jesus into the Pantheon. But just looked upon as infantile regression. Religion is because Christianity continued true to its Jewish origin, diagnosed as pathological. Walter Lippmann it was fanatically intolerant of rival creeds. For this readramatizes the letting down of the curtain upon son the early Church is an unattractive spectacle to many the great Scenario. He is not happy about the modern men, for whom there is no absolute truth, no final end but he wants to be honest. To many who religion; but because of this the Church survived the were in the audience, he writes: break-up of civilization whereas its mighty rivals have passed away from the memory of all but professional It is now evident that they have seen a play, a mag- scholars. nificent play, one of the most sublime ever created by the human imagination, but nevertheless a play, and not a It is not the modern world or the new age that literal account of human destiny. They know it was a challenges the old Gospel. It is the Gospel that play. They have lingered long enough to see the scene- challenges our age. And a deeper reading of hisshifters at work. The painted drop is half rolled up; tory will tell us that Christ is at work in our world some of the turrets of the celestial city can still be seen, and because His Spirit is at work the waters are and part of the choir of angels. But behind them, plainly troubled and many are afraid. There are things visible, are the struts and gears which held in place what we prize that our children may commit to the under a gentler light looked like the boundaries of the uni- wastebasket but the faith of the New Testament verse. They are only human fears and human hopes, and will not be among them. John Masefield gives an bits of antique science and half-forgotten history, and sym- interview between Longinus-the traditional name bols here and there of experiences through which some in each generation pass. of the Roman centurion who had charge of the crucifixion and whose words "truly this was a Because the foundations of all faith are being righteous man" are found in the Gospel-and Proundermined the inference drawn by some is that cula, the traditional name of Pilate's wife who there should be a consolidation of all spiritual sought to save Jesus from the Cross. At the close forces in order to maintain a religious interpreta- of the day when the crucifixion was at an end, tion of life. This is part of the appeal of "Re- Longinus came to give in his report to Pilate. thinking Missions." The argument runs: When it was ended Procula called the centurion aside and asked him to tell her how Jesus had It is no longer, Which prophet? or Which book? It is died. The centurion told the story calmly and whether any prophet, book, revelation, rite, church, is to then Procula said to him: be trusted. All the old oracles are seeing a new sign: the scorn on the faces of students who know the experiments "So you think He is dead?" in anti-religion in Russia and nonreligion in Turkey, and :the actual religionlessness of much western life. The chief "No, lady, I don't," Longinus replied. foe of these oracles is not Christianity, but the anti-religious element of the philosophies of Marx, Lenin, Russell. "Then where is He," said Procula. The case that must now be stated is the case for any religion at all…. Thus it is that Christianity finds itself "Let loose in the world, lady," Longinus replied, in point of fact aligned. in this world-wit.le issue with the "where neither Roman nor Jew can stop His non-Chrstian faiths of Asia. truth."

Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and all these things shall be added unto you. Luke 12: 31.

Such is the promise; how about the fact? Look back over your life. Have you sought first the extension of God's rule and the incorporation into your own life of His righteousness?

If so, have you in a life of consecrated service actually suffered from want?

"When I sent you forth without purse, or script, or shoes," says the Master, "lacked ye anything?" Like them we must answer, "Nothing." Has one promise of the Lord, in which you rested in faith, failed you? Imagination may picture to us possible want in the future; but when memory draws the scenes on the canvas of the past, she witnesses that, to all His Word, He is faithful that promised. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

OLD MOUNTAIN HOME NEAR PITTMAN CENTER, TENNESSEE PITTMAN CENTER, WHERE MOUNTAINEERS ARE

Transforming a Gap in the Mountains By JAYS. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa. -.~ Director of the Bureau of Publicity, Board of Home Missions, }5t— Methodist Episcopal Church MORE than twenty years ago a home mis- the big world the story was told, friends became sionary wandered into a lonely mountain interested, and after some years things began region some miles from Sevierville, Ten- to happen. nessee. To reach his destination, he had been Human welfare is closely associated with buildobliged to cross and recross a turbulent mountain ings. The first building was erected in this gap.

stream and to pick his way over and around boul- Nothing like it had ever been seen in those Tenders, stumps, ruts, and other impediments which nessee mountains. It was tall, long, and broad; had accumulated over a long period of years, dur- in it were many rooms in which many sorts of ing which ·nature and a rather sluggish mountain helpful activities could be carried on. The build- folk had done little to change the tenor of a life ing was more than a school, for it was a place of which was already one hundred years behind that recreation, a church, and, in the best sense, a in the world outside. There was much of igno- community center. Many who had never before rance, a great deal of superstition, and a general seen so large a building came from the cracks and feeling that things were what they were and that crannies of the mountain to share in the pro- there was little that could be done about the mat- grams, the like of which they had never before ter. There was a type of religion, but of the experienced. Gradually there began to grow up crudest sort, and its leaders were uncouth and around this imposing building neat but smaller untutored. Moonshining prevailed and frequent structures where workers could live and where violence was expected. Many boys and girls were other programs could be carried on.

growing up with no education and even those who One of these new buildings was a medical cenattended the crude mountain schools got but a few ter, and, before long, a doctor was placed in weeks of indifferent attention each year from a charge of the medical program. From time al- relatively untrained teacher. most immemorial, the people. in these mountains Such a situation was enough to stir the hardest had been born, lived, and died without any proheart, but it did more than that in the. sympathetic fessional medical attention. A nurse was emmIssIOnary. It aroused his deepest sympathies ployed and traveled up the streams, carrying her and his most profound interest. Something had ministry of health to people who had never known to be done, but the resources of mountain cabins, what a nurse was intended to do. Boys and girls where regular cash incomes were almost un- and men and women were found to be suffering known, were not sufficient to meet the need. In from all sorts of unnecessary diseases; there was [279 ]

ignorance concerning the most rudimentary laws fruit, but the mountaineers did not know how of health; the death rate was amazingly high, to take advantage of their opportunities. Acand nothing but an equally amazing large birth cordingly, apple trees and other fruit trees, serate kept the population from extinction. Opera- cured for a few cents each, were made available tions needed to be performed and chronic phys- for planting. That was not many years ago and ical ailments were cured. In order that the moun- yet today thousands of bushels of apples are pro- duced in that territory where, a few years ago, DR. THOMAS INOCULATING SCHOOL CHILDREN AT there was almost no fruit. Similar improvements PITTMAN CIDNTER, TENNESSEE were carried on in the growing of tomatoes and various garden vegetables. This development may tain people might not feel that they were recip- be traced directly to the missionary who had. a ients of charity, a charge was made for this vision. medical service, although cash payments were often not possible, and the pay came in the form It was discovered that the mountain women had of the simple products which the mountaineer considerable skill in the weaving of rugs and the could raise on his own few acres, or could capture making of baskets and in other lines of handicraft. by use of his gun in the woods. A great new day These' home industries were developed and a began to dawn up and down the creeks along market was found for the products. As a result, which the mountain people usually live. The mis- thousands of dollars have come into the commusionary was not content with a well organized edu- nity from the outside world for these hand-made cational program and a medical ministry, added to products. the religious ministry which provided reverent worship, religious training for boys and girls and Community pride was stimulated in many ways, a continuous pastoral ministry in the mountain but perhaps in no way more effectively than by homes. the promotion of the annual fair for which people from the mountains worked for months. Home- It did not require a Solomon to arrive at the grown vegetables were exhibited and housewives conclusion that, to a considerable extent, the inadequate economic opportunities of the people ac- ENCOURAGING MOUNTAIN HANDICRAFT AT PITTMAN CENTER counted for the distressing conditions. It was not possible to move these mountain people from their homes and from the little mountain homesteac;ls which they had come to love. But there were things that could be done. Most of the mountain folk had one or more cows, but these were often of a low grade, so that the milk supply was poor. The missionary began to take steps toward the improvement of the cattle strain and very marked progress was made. A similar plan was followed with pigs and chickens, so that the old razorback hog, always an unprofitable creature, became well-nigh extinct. Broods of fine pullets were loaned and the pay taken in a part of the proceeds so that before long a better grade of poultry was found around mountain cabins. The mountainsides were well adapted to the raising of

ITINERANT MINISTRIES IN REMOTE PLACES

vied with each other in preparing the most beau- It might be possible to give figures concerning tiful displays of canned vegetables and fruits. the number of young people who have attended Pamphlets were obtained from the Government and graduated from this school; to point out the in order that the best methods of canning might number of home calls made by the visiting nurse; be used. Many of the products of mountain to list the number of babies ushered into the homes, such as rugs, coverlets, baskets, and the world by a trained doctor; to count the number like were also displayed at these fairs. of diseased tonsils removed; to estimate the tons of foodstuffs produced; to enumerate the number Next attention was given to roads and today, of persons who have joined the church or proinstead of wandering about through the bed of fessed conversion in the religious meetings held, the stream and crossing and recrossing through or to set down many other tables of facts which the water, as one approaches this gap in the could be assembled concerning this work. But mountain, we can drive over a good road ang none of them by themselves nor all of them toreach our destination in relative comfort. gether, can quite tell the story, for the life that this humble home missionary, with his assistants, The enterprise was given the name of Pittman has brought into the dark caverns of the moun- Center from one of its chief benefactors. To an tains, is something beyond ordinary tabulation. outsider there is nothing particularly romantic, It can only be written in the Book of Life itself, poetic or imposing about the name, but it means and when that is written, the -story of the Tennesmuch to those who have watched Pittman Center see mountains must have a very important chapgrow during the past fifteen years and to those ter devoted to Pittman Center and to the Rev. who have shared in its ministry. To thousands J. S. Burnett, a missionary of the Gospel of Jesus of boys and girls and young people in the moun- Christ, who, while laboring in a crack in the tains it has meant opportunity for education, for mountains, caught a vision which he has, to some religious training, and for a new outlook upon life extent at least, been able to transform into a which never would have been theirs had the home reality. mission forces of the country overlooked this gap in a rather rugged and forbidding country.

Itinerant Ministries in Remote Places By REV. COE HAYNE, New York Department of Publicity, Literature and Research, The American Baptist Home Mission Society THE historian's assertion that our geograph- flows continually. About this spring and the dam ical frontiers have vanished may lead us to that has been constructed below it is a cluster of forget that cities are still giving birth to oak trees beneath which in the old days the Indowntown tenements and uptown suburbs and that dians were accustomed to resort. Rev. C. F. homesteading still goes on. Great numbers of Brown, colporteur-missionary in a great section people in urban and rural sections of America of North Dakota, each year plans to hold an allhave no religious privileges afforded them except day service on the Diamond C Ranch especially by virtue of the activities of devoted home mis- for the Russian people who have settled upon sionaries. While there are no longer great areas homesteads in large numbers although widely sepnewly opened to settlement there are still vast arated. Many others attend. The last round-up spiritual areas unexplored. Thousands of homes of the kind was held Sunday, July 29,1934. Three are still far removed from organized churches and hundred people attended, some traveling over just around the corner in every settled com- twenty miles to do so. As usual seats were armunity are neighbors languishing spiritually for ranged under the trees. Three speakers, includwant of Christian sympathy and companionship. ing a Russian, gave four messages during the day. A Sunday school session was held in the forenoon. Gospel Round-up on the "Diamond 0" An hour was devoted to dinner. The dam below the spring provided deep, clean water for a bap- On the southern slope of the Killdeer Moun- tismal service. In 1934 two and in 1933 sixteen tains, North Dakota, sprawls the Diamond C were baptized here. Ranch. The property is blessed with a spring that

A Funeral in the Killdeer Oountry open and said, 'This is the only shirt I have. The last time my wife washed this for me, I had to go Early in October, following the service on the to bed until it was dry.' Diamond C Ranch, Missionary Brown went about fifty miles to begin services in a Russian Baptist "Well, what would you have done in this. case? Church. This is the only Russian Baptist Church I said to him, 'Come out to the car, I have some in the Killdeer Mountain territory. It has no pas- clothes you may be able to make use of. We went tor. The deacons carryon the preaching services. out to the car and I began to take the clothes out. Then I decided to take them into the house where As soon as Mr. Brown arrived in the community his wife and little girl were. I gave them two or he heard that a baby girl, six months old, had died three nice new Turkish towels, a second-hand coat that day in a Greek Catholic home. There are no for the oldest girl, a second-hand pair of stock- Greek Catholic priests for the Russians in that ings for the mother, a warm jacket for the smallarea and Mr. Brown's visit to this home was ac- est girl, hats for four of the family and a sack of ceptable to the family. marbles for the smallest girl. This is all I had. They thanked me over and over for the things, Mr. Brown continues the story: then after kneeling in prayer and praying for "I went over twice that day to the home and the them, and thanking God for the givers who made last time, after reading the Bible and praying, I this giving possible, I took my departure. Later was about to leave when the father of the little I took some second-hand shirts to the man." girl followed me to the door. I turned and asked him if he had engaged anyone to take charge of A Skeleton Key Admits Sixty the funeral. He said, 'No.' Then he asked me if I was going to be around there at the time of the "I had announced a preaching service at a coun· funeral, and I told him that I was and that I could try schoolhouse for October 14th in the evening," help if he wished me to. He said that would be continues Missionary Brown of North Dakota. all right. Evidently he had intended to have the "So far as I know no service has ever been held baby taken out and buried without any funeral as there before. When we got there all was dark. he could not afford to pay for a Greek Catholic 1 got out my skeleton key which I always carry service. in the car and unlocked the building. When we "The next day we deposited the casket into the lighted a light we saw that all the contents were rear end of a truck without an undertaker and piled up in the center of the room for they had started for the church near the cemetery. When been painting the inside. Well, we moved things we got there and took the casket out, two or three around and got things in shape for a service. asked me if they should take the body into the When it was time to begin there were fifteenpeochurch to which I answered 'Certainly.' You see pIe present, and by the time they stopped coming some of the people believed that as the baby had there must have been fifty-five or sixty present. not been baptized and therefore was unsaved its Half of them had to stand up. Everyone was body should not be taken into the church. We surprised to see the rest there, and it was certainly took the casket in and had a 'real' funeral service an agreeable surprise to me. Two weeks later we for the little one. This made a deep impression organized a Sunday school in that schoolhouse." on the parents. They invited me. home for supper and insisted on my staying there several nights Oonversion of An Aged Pioneer during the meetings that followed." The parish of Rev. J. S. Umberger of Okanogan, While the Turkeys Fed on Grasshoppers Washington, is said to be the largest county in the United States save one. Okanogan County ex- "On the 11th of October," wrote Missionary tends 88 miles east and west and 100 miles north Brown of North Dakota, "I stopped at a Russian and south, and contains 18,000 white and 2,500 farmhouse. The man was standing in the yard. Indians. Most of the members of the church, We spoke and I remarked that it was a nice day. which is the only Baptist church in the county, He said, 'It isn't very nice. The weather and live in rural communities, many miles from everything else is wrong. There is no money, no Okanogan. The nearest church of the same comfeed for the stock, nothing to eat, and no clothes.' munion is the First Baptist Church of Wenatchee, 93 miles away. Up Salmon Creek Valley twelve "While I was talking with him, his oldest daugh- miles reside several members of the church. Apple' ter came out and drove the turkeys out into the orchards, cattle raising and mining engage their sun-scorched fields to feed on grasshoppers as attention. During fall and winter the roads bethere was no feed for them at the house. The come impassable and church attendance from that coyotes had killed twenty-one of the turkeys section falls away. From Conconuly eighteen awhile before and now they had to herd them. miles north come a number of members; also from Malott, Omak, Orville, Riverside, Tanasket "I urged him to come out to our services, but he said he had no fit clothes. He pulled his jacket

WORKING FOR THE MIGRANT WORKERS

and Loomis. During the summer, on Communion minded him that she would not cease to pray for Sundays, people drive in from points as distant as him. Orville, 54 miles north, Peteros 34 miles south and various points between. The Methow Valley, 68 Two months later the worship service at Okanomiles away, contributes its quota of worshipers. gan was interrupted by a messenger from an- Out of the thirteen families on the Indian reserva- other old pioneer who lay dying at his home in tion eleven miles east of the Columbia River that Riverside, twenty-one miles away, asking if Mr. are engaged in grain and stock raising, nine are Umberger would come to his bedside. The pastor represented in the church membership. left his pulpit at once turning the service over to Mrs. Umberger. He reached the dying man in During a week in the Loomis neighborhood, time to hear his testimony of faith. "I knew that fifty-four miles northwest of Okanogan, Mr. Um- you would help me just as you did that old man at berger was heartened by the conversion of a Loomis," he told the missionary. Two days later pioneer eighty-four years of age who related that he passed away and a large number of people fifty-eight years before his mother in bidding him from the countryside gathered to honor his good-bye when he left his Indiana home had re- memory.

Working for the Migrant Workers By ADELA J. BALLARD, San Francisco, California Western Supervisor of Migrant Work; Council of Women ~- for Home Missions T HE family case worker of the local social of the families you are caring for work every agency receives the anxious-faced nurse re- possible hour. But if migratory Tommy Jones luctantly. Both know too well the result of needs a crutch or a pair of glasses or hospitalizathe forthcoming interview. Just inside the door tion both the counties in which the work has been of the office stands a migratory family-father done will repudiate responsibility for the needs and mother shabbily dressed with two small chil- of the migrant. Meanwhile the migratory worker dren clinging to the mother's skirts, a child of two who is giving honest service sees the transient, years or less in the father's arms shows decided who has refused to work, getting aid! He gets a signs of malnutrition. free ride and food allowance to take him back to his home. Show me how to cut the red tape Case worker (helplessly)-"I know all you say . . ." Her tone as she left the final sentence is true. The family has worked. They are will- unfinished was most expressive. ing to take any possible work. They came in response to agricultural need. The work has not The nurse nodded curtly. In her heart she paid a living wage, to say nothing of providing knew that the case worker was helpless and that for the period between the harvests. But you the case worker knew she was aware of the hopeknow how my hands are tied. These people are lessness of the situation. The nurse turned toneither residents nor are they citizens!" ward the door without attempt at argument. The migratory family followed disconsolately. Nurse (heatedly)-"No, but they are hungry and homeless. The work has been done within the "The only way we kin git to be resident," venstate. They are not cross:-state migrants. All tured the man timidly as he bundled his family of the year has been spent in two counties. They into the auto, "is to jus' quit tryin' to fin' work have served the community and the children are an' jus' hang on here! Cotton don't make a livin' citizens." all year no way. We might git on relief then, but once ye git on an' ye take a day's work ye git off! Case worker (sympathetically)-"Granted. But An' ye'll starve good'n dead afore ye git on agin! (frowning and speaking sarcastically) relief is Looks like they jus' use us and thin fergit us!" organized on the basis of citizenship and residence. We do not think it best to care for the "No!" corrected the nurse. "Isn't the grower transient. He has a residence somewhere and allowing you free housing while you wait for may be returned to his home at public expense another' harvest?" even though he is deliberately seeing the world on relief funds! I'm aware of the fact that most "Yep," agreed the man. "He's been right good I" And then. slowly, "But we want work!

We don't want charity. If we work fer what the ing with bitterness, a ready prey to the agitator grower kin pay, the 'pinkies' [communists] tell us advising strikes, hunger marches and violence.

they'll bust our heads, iffen e work fer less than This is particularly true in these days when many they say. We know the grower don' git nuff to of the workers of a higher type have been forced pay no such money an' though he sez he'll pertect out of steady employment and into the ranks of us, an' he duz while we'er workin', when we git the migrating throng. in town then hell ketches us. So what's a feller Lack of funds restrict home mission work for the migratory laborer, but in a few selected areas goin' ter do!" enough has been done to prove that the social and The nurse, serving under the Council of Women the religious agencies may lighten all of life for for Home Missions, felt herself unable to answer the wandering group. The results have convinced the question. The problem of the one worker was the community, the grower, the county, federal the problem of two million other workers in the and church agencies that earlier effort to lift , agricultural areas of the United States, and it is standards in the migrant camps failed because of not only the problem of the adult worker. These lack of cooperation between agencies and not attitudes on the part of the state and county because of the lack of response on the part of the migratory laborer.

In one state an officer in the Department of Immigration and Housing observed the work done by the Council of Women for Home Missions in an area where there was little local cooperation.

He invited the missionary nurse into an area where thousands of migratory workers were used and where he would be able to secure intelligent cooperation from various agencies. Four years ago the work began. This season the program as planned is a good example of what can be done in many other localities.

Instead of many scattering camps, difficult to supervise, there will be two large camps. Floors will be provided for the tent city. There will be a full time doctor for the period of the harvest.

Water has been piped into the camps and showers provided for the workers. There will be a camp supervisor for each camp and the missionary nurse to take full charge of the nursing service '

for the camps. The religious and character edu- cational programs are acknowledged to be an essential part of the work in the camps. The county provides the funds for the support of the A MIGRANT WORKER'S TYPICAL TENT HOME nurse and for the doctor. The local community pays for the lease of the camp site; the S. E. R. A.

relief agencies condition the lives of two hundred for the set-up and better sanitation and for the thousand children whose parents follow the crops. camp supervisors. Local club and church women The migratory wQrker has stated the problem will give volunteer aid of ·various types. A local justly. He recognized the helplessness of the church woman has foregone a month of rent for grower to overcome economic handicaps or to her flat in order that it may be reserved for the protect the migratory laborer from the threat of use of the missionary nurse.

the professional agitator. NOr can the grower help But it was the Church which began this pro- the migratory family to secure residence unless gram and the response is the influence which has he encourages them to become applicants for re- brought about an intelligent cooperation on the lief; few areas and no one crop can give contin- part of the migratory workers. It took not pro- uous employment. In order to obtain citizenship fessional nursing skill alone, but an understand-, there must be residence within a community for ing friendliness, to win the migratory family and a period of years! This is generally impossible introduce an educational program which will for the agricultural worker. The fact that the change habits of life and types of thought.

state and the county in which the work has been Out of the years of service in this one commu- done repudiates responsibility leaves hearts seeth- nity has grown a consciousness of the interrela-

tion of all of life. Religious education alone or stop violence and safeguard the migratory work- health service alone could not meet the need. The ers. The treatment of the Filipino in the agricul- Missionary Council had no right to lift from the tural camps, the attitude of the local communities, community the responsibility for the better hous- the prejudice against the East Indian, are other ing, sanitation, health and social relationships of instances where conditions in migratory groups this group serving in the state; but it could and threaten to disturb international relations.

did lead in creating attitudes which recognized A third thing is the relation of conditions in facts and ended in cooperatively meeting the need. the migratory camps to Christian service abroad.

Students from other countries, especially those coming from the Orient, very often serve in agri- cultural fields to finance work in school. Many times such students are the product of missions abroad. They come to America expeclting to find Christian fellowship, but, instead of this find racial prejudice, injustice, impossible living con- ditions, intolerance. As a result faith in Chris- tianity dies and word goes back home that Christianity does not function in America. The missionary in the Orient, and elsewhere, thus finds the work doubly hard. Unless we change our treatment of the agricultural worker from SUNDAY SCHOOL FOR MIGRANT WORKERS India, China, Japan, the Philippines we shall find the work abroad greatly hampered.

This one project is typical of the work of the Lastly, but not least, the young people of the Council in its efforts to meet the need-in the churches today are demanding a Christian ap- cotton fields, in the tobacco plantation, in fruit proach to the social and economic situation of orchards, in cannery areas, in berry patches.

Whether establishing a Christian center, a day nursery or recreational center, or the sending of a Christian nurse and a public health program, the effort is to enlist all agencies responsible for the welfare of the migratory workers. Last year fifty-seven projects were carried on by the Councn in eleven states and many thousands of lives were touched. Forty per cent of the cost of this service was paid by the growers' groups, cannery execu- tives and local communities.

The challenge to the Church is fourfold: This migratory procession numbers millions and is largely untouched by Christian influence. Its childhood is a huge segment of our future citizen- ship. If present conditions are unaltered, these children bid fair to become shifting vagabonds, illiterate and with little or no sense of community responsibility. In California figures show that .

27,000 children of school age are in the agricul- tural camps. In one town in Texas 1400 children ENJOYING A SUN BATH IN CAMP are out of the local school, working in the truck gardens for many months of the year. Thousands the age. They are seeking cooperative service of children are out of school from May to Novem- which enables all agencies, religious and social, ber following the crops in eastern areas. to work together. It has been amazing to note The influence of the general attitude toward the response when this mission work is presented migratory workers in areas where race riots take to young people's groups. One young man, hear- place is a menace to world peace. Last year the ing of it for the first time, said, "I'm sick and treatment of the Japanese going into the agricul- tired of all this fussing about things not being tural areas of the Salt River Valley, intensified evangelistic! As I read my Bible Jesus Christ Japan's resentment against America, in spite of said, 'Go out and do something.' Some of us the fact that Arizona did everything possible to have to preach by our acts, and I'll bet those

COOPERATION AND UNION IN HOME MISSIONS

people get more of a Christian message out of a makes the task more difficult. The camps that nurse rolling up her sleeves and helping them have been touched are pitifully few. when they have a sick baby or a burned kid, than from a preacher coming in once a month to The day has passed when the worker from the preach a sermon! When she goes to court with Council must beg to enter a camp in an agriculthem or puts up a good, clean recreational pro- tural area. The camps asking for a worker far gram and keeps them out of mischief-well, it's exceed the posibilities of the funds available for me for that kind of evangelism!" this cooperative service. County doctors write, "If you could come in for just one season I know And the migrant can be reached. The migra- our growers would finance the service, but they tory family does respond to friendliness. It is cannot believe the work can be done until they possible to inspire a real appreciation of better have actually seen the results." . housing; it is possible to secure better school attendance; it is possible to teach the parent the In the meantime, children are asking as did one reason for restricting his liberty in using the boy overheard after the story hour in "hops," child as a wage earner; it is possible to make of "Who's this guy, God, she's talking about!" the migratory worker a Christian American citizen-but each day of neglect of this challenge And we have not the funds with which to send workers to tell the story!

Cooperation and Union in Home Missions 4f{ I~v. WM. R. KING, D.D., New York ~- – ~ecretary of the Home Missions Council W HAT we see of cooperation and union "warring factions" and see nothing but confusion among the Protestant churches of America and unholy rivalry. Most critics lack historic per- today depends upon the extent of our ob- spective. They base their measurements of progservations and the spirit and method of our in- ress made upon the distance from the goal to be vestigations. As a rule we see in this world just reached rather than upon the distance already about what we look for. Some people do l10t find covered from the starting point.

any cooperation between churches because they It is true, however, that we have "not yet at- do not look for it, or do not look in the right places. tained" satisfactory cooperation and union, but They look for competition and rivalry and see we are "pressing on" with encouraging speed.

plenty. Some years ago I rode a little mountain Cooperation between denominations and among pony for eight days through the tiger and elephant the churches is still very young. The years of jungles of Laos-northern Siam. We were told maturity have not been reached by any means.

that it was a dangerous journey, that the jungles The movement is still in the tender and timid years were infested with tigers and wild elephants. We of childhood and early adolescence.

did not see a tiger or a wild elephant. We were If we go back only a quarter of a century we not hunting for them. We were looking for mis- find practically no interdenominational coopera- sionaries and native Christiansantl we found tion. The older societies, like the American Bible them. Sometimes we make unexpected discov- Society, the American Tract Society, and the eries, but, as a rule, we find what we seek. American Sunday School Union are not interde- It is so with interchurch cooperation. If peo- nominational but are associations of like-minded ple want to believe that the churches are given individuals interested in certain things with no over utterly to competition and divisiveness they denominational control or direction.

can find plenty of evidence to support their views. For three hundred years American Protestant- If they want to believe that the churches are learn- ism was almost wholly divisive. Denominations ing to cooperate and unite they can find abundant were all out for "a place in the sun." Forty or'

proof. The trouble with many who condemn the more divisions of European Protestantism were church for lack of cooperation is their point of transplanted to this country from the "father- view. They project themselves far ahead on some lands" during the first 200 years of our history.

high point of Utopia, where things are supposed Soon they began to spawn and new breeds came to be perfect and all people to be saints, and from into existence until today we have more than 200 that exalted position they look down upon the so-called denominations. About thirty years ago a few far-seeing leaders working upon such mergers and the likelihood is began to cry out against unwise and unholy di- that within the next few years most of the states visions. The first were our foreign missionaries. and many of their counties will have one inclusive They saw the sin of it and began to think and plan Council of Churches which will include in its set- and work together against their common foes and up and program all the interests of the church for the same great common ends. The China within the state.

Council was organized in the early part of this But this is not half the story of the development century. Intermissionary councils and commis- of cooperation and union within the last two sions and conferences were set up on other mis- decades. sion fields. Then the Foreign Mission Boards caught the vision and the spirit of cooperation and Comity and cooperation among local churches the Foreign Missionary Conference was organ- and on local fields have made commendable progized by Mission Board secretaries. The formation ress. More has been accomplished along these of other interdenominational, intermissionary lines in the last two decades than in all the preagencies followed. vious years of American church history. Today comity committees exist in nearly all the large Then the Home Mission Boards began to catch cities and in most of the states. There are perthe vision and were stirred by the same spirit of haps 2,000 Union churches of all types throughcooperation. The Home Missions Council, the out the country. Many cooperative projects are Council of Women for Home Missions, and the being carried on cooperatively by missionary Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America were all organized in 1908. This was the boards and local churches. Home mission fields real beginning of organized planned interdenom- have been allocated. A number of types of work inational cooperation in America. There had been have been merged into departments, bureaus and committees of the two Home Missions Councils, some worthy forerunners, some daring Johns the such as work among Migrants, Indian children in Baptists, preparing the way, but 1908 was the or- Government schools, work among Jews, bureaus ganic beginning of interdenominational, inter- of Church Architecture, Summer Schools for church cooperation for work in the ho.meland. Rural Pastors, Rural Life Sunday, World Day of The spirit deepened; the movement spread. Prayer, religious programs and community Other national organizations saw the need of coop- churches in connection with government public eration. The Christian colleges formed a council. works. An increasing number of service activi- The old Sunday School Association of individuals ties, that can be carried on together better than interested in the teaching of the Bible became by separate denominations, are being committed the International Council of Religious Educa- to the Councils.

tion of the Churches of North America, and No Subsidies for Competitive Projects within the last few months there has come another very significant development of interdenomina- The most recent step in comity has been taken tional cooperation in the new cooperative working by five of the constituent Home Mission Boards relationship of the International Council of Reli- Qf the Home Missions Council within this year.

gious Education, the Federal Council of the These Boards have worked out "master lists" of Churches of Christ in America, the Home Mis- all their home mission aid to churches, and have sions Council and the Council of Women for Home given notice to these aid-receiving churches that Missions. These Councils have set up a joint com- after December 31, 1935, these subsidies will be mittee of fifteen to coordinate the programs and withdrawn from all churches that are in competi- the activities of these four interdenominational tive situations. Questions of competition must be Councils. At last these great national coordi:. settled by the state or the national Home Mission nating agencies are beginning to practice their Councils or Comity Committees before that date.

own preachment. Now that they are beginning to There is no place here for details. We can speak take their own medicine it is to be hoped the de- only in general terms, but these things mentioned nominations will have more confidence in their are steps in the right direction. Some are more prescriptions. successful than others but all have helped to move This new spirit and practice of cooperation is the Church along toward the desired goal. No taking form in recent mergers of state councils one plan or method of cooperation will fit all places of churches. Already ten states have merged the or work everywhere one hundred per cent perfect.

Councils of Religious Education and the Councils Great care must be exercised in each case to find of Churches and the Home Missions Councils into the best plan. Sometimes the best plan is the one inclusive State Council of Churches, or as in allocation of fields and types of work and special some cases, Councils of Churches and Religious projects and churches to some one denomination.

Education. Seven or eight other states are now For example, Alaska, some of the states, and

some of the islands of the West Indies, and nearly authority on this subject, says "a large measure of readiness for union has come to prevail genall the foreign mission fields, have been allocated. erally in American Protestantism."

Other plans include the mutual exchange of I believe that we are working along the right line. Cooperation is the word upon which we churches and fields and projects between denom- must ring the changes at the present time. Union may come–in many cases will come. Weare inations; the federation of churches, and (in the ready now for cooperation. Ultimate union de- pends upon present cooperation. There is wisdom judgment of many, the least effective) the or- in not pressing organic union too hard or too fast, but surely the time is here for cooperation, espeganization of independent community churches. cially in the great missionary work of the churches, both at home and abroad. All of these methods have their advantages and There can be no further advance except as we disadvantages. But they are first steps that must go forward together. A few days ago I saw a truck in Chicago with these words in large letters be taken before the churches can run together in across its side – "Coordinated Transport." Can the Church be as wise as truckmen? perfect union. Sometimes these steps have been faltering, but they have marked a good deal of progress-"we are on our way." , The trend in cooperation has had its most marked demonstration in the organic union of denominations. Since 1900 there have been eleven organic unions of churches involving twenty-five denominations. Rev. H. Paul Douglass, our best The Unchurched Children of America I By the REV. R. W. McGRANAHAN, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. -<tSf Associate Secretary of the Board of American Missions, United Presbyterian Church of North America THE importance of bringing child life into 2. The neglected children of the slum areas in close contact with the vital spiritual forces large cities and those in crowded industrial sec- of the Church is self-evident. Here is the tions. clay, awaiting the skilful shaping of the Potter. Here are the lives, awaiting guidance, which will 3. The children of foreign descent, not Amereither make or unmake ,the next generation. The icanized, whose parents have a nominal relation Church will win or lose according as she succeeds to their ancestral church but are now indifferent or fails in reaching· the children. This responsi- to any religious influence. bility goes far beyond simply bringing in the children of families already within the fold. The 4. The children of the godless rich, who give great home mission task today in reaching the neither time nor place for religion. In fullyunchurched groups has no challenge comparable churched communities there are hosts of children to that of plans that give a larger place to reach- who have no contact with the Church of Christ. ing the children of all who are accessible to the Gospel. If the children are won the next genera- Freely speaking, it is estimated that half the tion is won. children of America are in these various groups, so that, of the 34,000,000 American boys and girls Who are these unchurched children? Many of school age only about 17,000,000 are receiving families have such slight touch with the vital, any definite Bible instruction or Christian guidspiritual forces that they could scarcely be classi- ance that will prepare them to solve their life fied as churched, and beyond this a vast number problems. If we exclude those of high school age, of children are destitute of any contact with this about 13,000,000 younger boys and girls are outinstitution founded by Christ to unite His people side such influence. Some of these are under ininto one body. They may be enumerated as fol- fluences antagonistic to the Church; others are lows: in an atmosphere of indifference to religion, while very many are_only awaiting an invitation to be- 1. Those unchurched geographically. They are come followers of Christ. found in isolated farming communities, mining sections, and areas from which the church has What other possible challenge to the Church moved .out, new communities opened by various can compare with this! industrial ventures. From the jungle of neglect of religious training for the young comes the monster of "crime men- ace" that terrifies America ,today. The "Red

THE UNCHURCHED CHILDREN OF AMERICA

menace" of revolution and atheism lurks in that day school period means the departure of children same jungle. If the Church and the nation are and youth in utter indifference to church worship to survive the youth must be saved. We must which usually follows. Here is a great challenge recognize our responsibility, not only for the chil- to lead into church life and activity those enrolled dren who belong to the Church by reason of the in the Sunday school. Every denomination should parents' affiliation, but the unchurched children use every means to prevent this loss to the Church. must be reached or the whole nation is threatened. 2. It should be our aim to reach all within the It is amazing how lightly the responsibility for bounds of the parish who may be willing to religious instruction and guidance rests upon our respond to a kindly approach. An offer to call shoulders as American citiz·ens. We insist that and accompany the children to the church service ample provision must be made for secular educa- might be one of the first steps taken. The varition and we pay billions in taxes for that purpose. ous communions might institute a program While we admit that training the mind and neg- through their Sunday school agencies so that lecting the moral and spiritual may simply make every congregation shall carryon an organized more cunning knaves, we fail to see cause for campaign to greatly increase the number of chilalarm in the growing demand to eliminate from dren under religious instruction. our schools all Bible reading and teaching of moral standards. The great Luther Burbank, who was a 3. There is the challenge to reach unchurched philosopher as well as wonderful plant wizard and communities, mining districts and industrial areas scientist, never lost an opportunity to remind us by some plan of interdenominational work, or that "if we took no· better care of our plants than assignment of such areas to various denominawe do of our childr·en we would be living in a tions. The fact' that most of such areas do not jungle of weeds." The Duke of Wellington used promise the establishment of a self-supporting even stronger terms when he said: "Educate chil- church makes it difficult to induce churches to dren without religion and you make a race of assume responsibility. But such mission work as clever devils." this must be done to save America.

One of the most sinister signs of our times is 4. The big task that will require constructive the deliberate effort to alienate the youth of to- planning and far-sighted statesmanship is to make day by atheistic teaching in high schools and col- effective religious contact with the millions of leges. It was the boast of a teacher in one of our children enrolled in our public schools who now universities, recently dismissed because of his receive no religious instruction. The public school flagrant offences in atheistic propaganda, "They is the only agency which reaches all the children. used to say, 'give me the child till he is 8 years of In most states religious and ethical instruction age and you can have him after that!' But give and even character building have now been elimme a boy or girl for two years in college in the inated from the public school. Dr. Paul D. Eddy teens and I can take his religion out of him." has presented the following plan of cooperation The Church is responsible for seeing that our that should enlist all churches and character-buildschool boards, our church college boards and our ing agencies in every community: state schools do not permit teaching destructive of the Christian faith and life. The principle of separation of Church and State will not necessarily mean the separation of public education Is it not high time that a definite program and religious education in the sense of eliminating moral should be formulated and put into effect to reach and spiritual values or the great basic elements in rethis unchurched half of America's children? It ligion. . . . The new advance of home missions and is truly gratifying that serious consideration is Christian education must be in the field of reaching this being given to it by church bodies, and Sunday unchurched group. New trails in the field cannot be school organizations. blazed by individual denominational effort or independent local church programs. . . . The solution of the problem The challenge to the Church to save her own of reaching the unchurched, providing adequate religious children and to reach the millions of the un- training for all children and youth is to be found in the churched children' in America presents many cooperative study and planning by the Church with all problems, some of which are difficult. the major character agencies in the community: the government, public schools, homes and other agencies. 1. Those enrolled in the Sunday school must be The building of an intelligently coordinated program for won to Christ. Surely the Church must concern character building in the community is the only effective herself deeply with this need. solution.

It is comparatively easy to enroll children in If such a cooperative movement be launched promptly the Sunday school and thus bring them under and enthusiasm created for it such as was realized in the religious influence, even when parents are wholly launching of the Student Volunteer Movement, and plans indifferent, but it is very disturbing to see the made for a sustained program through the future, this wholesale manner in which the close of the Sun- movement might well be hailed as the greatest achieve- ment of our century thus far. May the outcome match the need of these times and reach effectively some of the millions of unchurched children of America!

A Re–Emphasis of Spiritual

By REV. PAUL DAWSON EDDY, M.A., New York Director, Vacation and Week.Day Church Schools, ln~ernational Council of Religious Education "THE Church which for years has professed the economically, insecure, the emotionally un- its interest and concern over the weak and stable, or the mentally retarded child. It is in- helpless, almost turns its back upon these creasingly apparent that these agencies cannot unfortunate children. They ·are not invited. adequately meet the character needs of the total They are too dirty, uncouth and wild. Perhaps group of children and youth of the community they might also contaminate those within the fold. through their independent, unrelated and often At any rate few are called and few come." This competitive program. The State Superintendent is the conclusion of a study of fourteen thousand of Public Instruction in Nebraska states that the juvenile delinquents who appeared before the schools alone are impotent in the face of character courts of Los Angeles in three years. * education needs of the day. The Tenth Year Book "The position of the Church today is one of con- of the National Education Association also states, fusion and uncertainty. It has lost much of the "Our society today awaits a new integration of authority with which it at one time was clothed." t knowledge, aspiration and human purpose – it These are serious indictments from the courts would seem to be a task essentially religious in of a state and the leaders in public education. nature."

They challenge the Christian Church to a reeval- Through the segregation of religion and the uation of its program and work. Such a study secularization of education in the 19th century would lead to the conclusion that the Church has violence has been done to Church and State, and failed to provide adequate Christian character to individual and social character. The narrow training for the less privileged economically, so- sectarianism of our colonial church fathers was cially and culturally, as well as for those of the a contributing factor to the separation of religion more privileged classes. Of course there are in- and education. This isolation of religion from dividual exceptions of successful programs but in the daily educational experiences of the child has general the groups from which our largest num- led to cynicism, materialism and the disintegra- ber of juvenile delinquents come are not reached tion of personality.

by Protestant home missions, Christian educa- During the past decade or more one can discover tion or the Church. Possibly these organizations a distinct trend to reintegrate the basically reli- do not possess the understanding or technique gious or spiritual elements in the program of for attracting and training these children, youth public education and character building. "No and adults. greater task rests upon the secondary schools than In fairness it should be stated that the public to help its pupils find their God. . . . When this schools and the other community character build- orientation takes place life assumes poise, dig- ing agencies have also failed, side by side with the ni,ty, grandeur. Otherwise its strivings, its Church, to reach these groups. While the public struggles, its achievements seem trivial and in- schools may record the attendance of these chil- significant.:!: dren, few would claim that the average public This quiet return to fundamental spiritual school with its traditional regemented program values should be recognized and encouraged by all really meets the consummate needs of these religious faiths. It is a function of the Christian groups. Because compulsory education laws in- Church to permeate the life of the community sure attendance, it does not follow that the time agencies and to appreciate every contribution to of the pupil is spent in creative activities which character development as an aid to the "more are suited to his needs. abundant life." – Recent studies have revealed a School, church and the other community char- great storehouse of latent religious resources in acter-building agencies must admit the failure of public school curriculum and in the activities of their so-called regular programs vitally to reach many community character-building agencies.

• Bulletin, Who Is Delinquent? published by Rotary Club of Los The Church can assisUhese agencies to strengthen AntgeTlehse. Tenth Year Book of the Department of Superintendents of ~ Sixth Year Book, Department of Superintendents, N. E. A., the National Education Association, p 23. pp. 51-53.

[290 ] and enrich the spiritual basis of their program. sion, in cooperation with the major character- In addition to the permeating and indirect in- building agencies of Ohio, will establish demon- stration communities in rural and urban districts fluence, the Church has a unique and distinctive for the cooperative study of community needs and contribution to make to character development. the coordinated program building in which reli- It is a function of the Church to enrich, interpret gion will be an integral part. Duplication and and integrate experiences in terms of specifically competition in the programs of these agencies Christian ideals and purposes. This function must will be eliminated. be performed on the basis of the individual's experiences in his home, school and community, and The Commission will also study the relationship not by the isolated learning of unrelated dogma. of Church and State in education, and the func- tion of religion in character development. The We are lead to the conclusion that if the Church place of the Church in the community, and how continues to follow its traditional program of its contribution may best be made, will receive isolated religious teaching, it can never effectively careful consideration. Some form of weekday reach the unchurched millions of youth. But, if religious education will be developed which will the Church is really interested in the weak, the enrich, interpret and integrate the daily experihelpless and uncouth child, as well as in the more ences of the child in his home, school and comnormal and attractive youth, it must make its con- munity relationships. tribution in coordination with the other community character-building agencies. There is a di- The Commission is composed of national and rect and an indirect contribution which the Church state denominational leaders, leaders in public is designed to make. schools and other character-building agencies, professors of generttl education and religious edu- In Los Angeles the Juvenile Courts inaugurated cation, ministers and laymen. The Commission the plan of bringing the educational, social, civic will encourage the home, the school, the Church and religious agencies in the community into a and other agencies in their cooperative efforts to coordinating council for study and cooperative meet community needs. program building in more than seventy districts of the county. Community councils of character – building agencies are developing in a number of cities and Public school leaders in some states and com- rural areas. Research studies and the experimunities have taken the initiative in developing mental development of programs are planned. It cooperative study and community planning. Some is expected that a conference with the leaders of ministers and laymen have sensed the inadequacy the Jews, Roman Catholics and Prote&tants will of religion on Sundays only and the failure of the be held sometime in the future to consider the Church to reach the unchurched groups, so they common interest of all religious faiths in the eduhave invited leaders to study what can be done. cation and character developments of the child.

The first united Protestant program on a state- By some such united approach we may hope to wide basis to provide religious training in coopera- meet the challenge of sixteen million unchurched tion with the public schools and the other major children and youth, and may overcome the criticharacter-building agencies is developing in Ohio. cism of Juvenile Courts, public school educators, After a year of exploratory study by the Ohio and community leaders. The Church can thus re- Council and the International Council of Religious gain its lost leadership in the community and Education, a commission has been organized which make her contribution in coordination with the will officially represent the Council of Churches in other character-building agencies. Ohio, the Ohio Council of Religious Education, the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, Let the Church go forward in a united demonthe Home Missions Councils and the International stration, in a national laboratory study and de- Council of Religious Education. This Commis- velopment for these neglected youth..

INTERRELATION OF FOREIGN AND HOME MISSIONS Home missions and foreign missions are the two ends of the same stream, its fountain and its sea. We cannot stop one without drying up the other also. Stop the fountains and the sea will ultimately become a dry bed; evaporate the sea and the fountains will run dry. Home missions are needed to keep the church at home alive and to help it grow. Cutting off foreign mission interest and activity is a sure way of killing home missions. Foreign missions bring returns a thousandfold at home by sending streams back upon the churches to revitalize them and fill them with life more abundant.

Need for Christian

By the REV. J. M. WALKER, D.D., Charlotte, N. C.

Pastor of Steele Creek Presbyterian Church T HE relation of education to Christian char- have lost faith – in God, in themselves, in their . acter is a most vital topic today. An amaz- fellowmen. ing number of new books deal with this Look at the young men who begin a task, but subject. Educational associations of various kinds cannot finish it.

are devoting their time and best thought to it; See how students, trained in institutions of magazines are lending their pages to its discus- learning, are swelling our criminal and delinquent sion; and there is no end to the conferences being lists. held with the idea of finding a solution to the Behold the multitudes without the slightest re- many problems involved. gard to the restraints of the Sabbath.

Out of all this thought and discussion, two Think of the widespread disregard for the things may be said to have become clear: one, Christian standards of sex and bodily purity.

that education must center it~ efforts upon char- Think of the gambling fever that is abroad in acter development. It will concern itself not so the land.

much with subject-matter as with life. Its goal Observe how many homes are broken up, and will be the achieving of a Christian character how the divorce courts are filled.

rather than the mastery of materials. Not that Think of the corruption in politics, and the it will lay less stress upon the acquisition of bribery of justice; the hatred between classes, knowledge per se, but it will d~mand that a great- and the rising war-like spirit between nations.

er emphasis be placed upon guiding youth into an Think of the filth in much of our modern literaunderstanding of that knowledge as it relates to ture and movies; of the unethical practices in his own development in right living. The other business and industries; of the faithlessness of thing is this, the great Christian principles and public servants; and of the wholesale repudiation ideals which were set forth by the Master Him- of sacred obligations. self must find a larger place in our educational processes. The times demand it. All this and much more of a similar kind is tak- ing place among our people, and often right before The Character Crisis in National Life our eyes. The picture is not overdrawn. We have no disposition to exaggerate. Certainly there Our age has made marvelous progress. The· is much in our civilization that is praiseworthy, new scientific knowledge is flying with lightning and for which we should be thankful, but the rapidity across the boundaries of nations, and no symptoms revealed are alarming to say the least.

man can tell what tomorrow holds in store. Yes- What we are chiefly concerned with is the source terday's marvels become today's commonplaces. or sources of this malady. What lies back of this Because the genius of man knows no limit we distress-disorder?

face the future with eager anticipation. How- It is evident that the breakdown is in the realm ever, it does not take a discerning spirit to see of character. Honor and integrity, reverence and that all is not well with us. As a student of our devotion to truth and duty, and the high regard day has well said: "We are like an army that for sacred ideals seem to be a thing of the past may be able to report gains on the right, but with a great body of our people. Principles which which has met with ignominious defeat on the guided our fathers in building this Christian civ- left." With all our furnishings through the ilization have been too frequently thrown over- knowledge of the new sciences; with all the board as something out of date and useless. With equipment that comes with the modern inventions, many, the true has become identified merely with the modern conveniences, and the new modes of the useful, and -the good with that which is pleas-.

communication; with all the vast outlay in edu- ing; there are no fixed standards of truth and cational facilities for the training of youth; still righteousness.

something tremendously important seems to be When we analyse the causes of this breakdown lacking in the lives of our people. Behold the in character and strive to get at the secret for this breakdowns occurring all along the line; men failure, we do not proceed with such assurance.

ffl92 ] In this complex civilization there are too many follow the lead of these antireligionists, and use educacross-currents playing upon the life of the average tioI?al procedures which are based on philosophical theories whIch are destructive to religion. This thing is happening individual, tending either to make or mar his both in public schools and in church schools.

character. It behooves us to tread with humility. 1. First of all, a large part of our educational This secularization of the public education has been going on for years. Perhaps we are just beprogram has been out of balance. We have been ginning to feel the full force of its effect. It was primarily concerned with ways and means rather but logical to expect that a system of public eduthan with objectives. We have said, let facts be cation from which religion had been carefully purveyed, character will take care of itself. We have been too busy mastering scientific methods eliminated would in time become essentially and to give much attention to mastering life. It has actively antireligious. A godless philosophy of been a materialistic age, and the spiritual has been life is bound, as the night follows the day, to propolitely bowed out. Students have been taught to duce a godless civilization. It has laid its blighting put their entire faith in the scientific method as hand upon nearly everything that we held as sacred-upon the home, the family, the church a cure-all for the numerous ills of society. the school, society, and even the business world: "This steady secularization of public education" says one of our Christian philosophers, "is per- We have sown the. wind, and now we are reaping haps the most potent factor in producing a dis- the whirlwind. torted sense of values in the mind of our young It was but inevitable that our nation should be people. While we have been introducing one sub- in for a cruel awakening. All this crass material- ism and antireligious teaching in schools and colject after another of a secular nature, we have leges was bound to bring about a reaction. Truth been steadily eliminating or restricting instruction of a moral and religious nature. Our children has a way of rising to the surface and coming out naturally put the emphasis on the things that are regardless. Then again, too many institutions of learning remained faithful to their trust; and given prominence in their experience." there were too many consecrated teachers of youth Dr. Walter A. Squires, oifn Thoidsaye,x"ceslhleonwt s bhoook~ to be completely swept off their feet by this surge "Educational Movements of antireligious propaganda. The teacher's task, as it has been truly said, is too sacred a thing for fifty years ago moral and religious truths were a vital part of the public curriculum. But since him to be long led astray. The dawn of the new day is here, and the question is being asked everythat time they have become so secularized that the spiritual has been largely eliminated. Culti- where, what can we do to make our nation Chris- tian? What has education to do with the formavation of the spiritual nature has been shunted tion of character? ~nto a corner. The inference drawn by our youth IS that the courses most worth while are those of a materialistic nature, which have immediate and How Is Christian Character Achieved?

tangible value. Consciously or unconsciously, our What is the Christian character we wish to boys and girls have 'imbibed the notion that mak- achieve? To begin with, Christian character is ing a good living is more important than living a not something that varies with the ethical culture good life. The ideal existence is conceived in the of the nation. It is not the product of the theory terms of material comfort rather than in terms of of relativity in matters of right and wrong. It personal honor, integrity, and truth. cannot be said to be one thing in Russia another thing in Germany or Italy, and still quite a dif- 2. A second important factor in the breakdown ferent thing in England or America. Christian of character is found in that smaIi group of anti- character is a product that is discernible wherreligious and atheistic teachers in universities ever it is found-in Christian or in non-Christian who have rejected religion and who are bent on lands. It has certain earmarks which are common bringing higher education in line with their own to all Christians. True, these appear in varying antireligious attitudes. Says Dr. Squires in the degrees of development in the individual as he book above quoted: These "intellectuals," these leaders of our American grows in grace, but the root of the matter is there "intelligentsia" have in some way gained a wide recogni- just the same. The Christian life is the Christtion as leaders in educational science. They seem to as- centered life; and it is the Christ-way of life. sume a sort of proprietorship over such terms as "scienti~c,:' "modern," and "progressive." Unfortunately public The Christian character is the product of the OpInIOn hardly seems to challenge the assumption. . • . Christ-centered life. Christ has been formed in The most serious element in the situation, however does the life through faith. This is the initial work in not lie with these out-and-out antireligiortists. It lies in Christian character formation. By it we mean the fact that a multitude of public educators are blindly something infinitely more than a mere assent to following the theories which this group have constructed a set of propositions about the Lord Jesus Christ. and which they are diligently promoting. It is really re- It may be described as securing the allegiance of markable how some people deeply loyal 'to religion will

one's inner life to the whole personality of the The life of Christ is more surely transmitted Christ. Such an allegiance brings about a change through the example of Christian men and women in personality, which may be gradual or sudden, than through any other source. Students have a depending largely upon his training in Christian decided tendency to become like those who teach experience. But this change is so radical that them. So the life of the teacher, more than any- Jesus called it the "new birth." The Christian thing that is taught, counts most in building up then, is one who has this inner life born of faith or tearing down Christian character. Too much in Jesus Christ. It is this new life that: gives emphasis cannot be placed upon the personality both motivation to his conduct, and power for the of the teacher. We soon forget what we are accomplishment of his God-given tasks. taught; the influence of the life of the teacher Christian character is not only the product of abides-a hallowed benediction or a painful mem- the Christ-centered life, but it is also the result ory of wasted opportunities. The wealth of our of the Christ-way of life. This new life is pat- Christian institutions of learning does not lie in terned after that of the Master. He bears in his brick and mortar, nor in stocks and bonds, but in body the marks of the Saviour. The norm of the the power of great personalities in the faculty.

Christian character is the character of Jesus Him- All that we have been saying but leads to the self. As we study the character of Jesus there truth: Christian character is as much caught as are at least five outstanding characteristics, five it is taught. It develops through the discipline features that were distinctive, which set Him off of life's experiences under the watchful eye of a from all other men. There was His purity or saintly ,soul.

holiness; His love; His forgiveness; His sacri- Second in importance is the influence of a fice; and His humility. These revealed the pas- Christian curriculum upon character formation.

sion of His heart, and they were exhibited in His Just as the Christian is a Christ-centered person- daily life. In this way He set going forces that ality, so the education that is to produce that have in them the making of a new world. It was character must be Christ-centered. That does not not an overstatement that the historian Lecky mean that the facts of science will receive any made in his "History of European Morals" when the less emphasis; rather the more. But it does he said: "The 'three short years' of the active life determine the approach to truth. To begin with, of Jesus have done more to regenerate and soften it recognizes Divinity in the life of things. It mankind than all the disquisition of philosophers says: "Man's chief end is to glorify God and to and all the exhortations of moralists of all time." enjoy Him forever." It further states: "The It is characters fashioned after this pattern that Word of God which is contained in the Scriptures the world needs today. Such characters our edu- of the Old and New Testament, is the only rule to cational institution should strive to turn out. How direct us how we may glorify and enjoy Him."

can it be done? With these .fixed postulates it moves into every It will be readily admitted, that character build- realm of truth with the full assurance, "Ye shall ing is the most difficult task in our civilization. know the truth and the truth shall make you free."

While we recognize that Christian character is Best of all, it is assured that when young life has largely the product of training, still we are much been properly trained, there will come a time when at sea as to the way human personality develops. that life will long for the Perfect Life about which As we have said, there are so many influences it may be entwined and held, just as naturally as playing upon young life – and they are ever on the vine calls for the pole to be its stay and guide.

the increase – as to make our· efforts uncertain. When the main educational forces of the com- It is just possible there may be two forces for munity-,-the home, the church, the school-unite evil to everyone for good constantly working in this holy cooperative undertaking we may con- against our very best efforts. Both the power of fidently look for the issue-a Christian character, heredity and the influence of environment, over the supreme need of our day.

which we have but little control, may largely nul- lify all the nobler impulses that may be brought to bear on a life. Surely to guide one into the way Divine dynamic has its beginning when men of Christian living requires all the wisdom and have reached their end. Its majesty meets us only consecration one can command. at yonder borderline where in our willing and The most potent influence in the formative working we aremade to pant for breath. Where period of one's life comes through the contact my cunning and my fortunes can do nothing, can- with'Christian parents, teachers and professors. not help, comes my God. KARL BARTH.

Church Can Help' the

By EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pastor of Grace Community Church and President of the Denver Open Forum .

I N DENVER the now aged Father William H. relation of the Church and the unemployed. Un- O'Ryan is most highly revered for two things: fortunately the Church as a whole does not fea- his long and deep love for his church and his ture in the hardships of those who suffer most. determined struggle in behalf of social justice. Economic need is the major interest of most He did not hesitate to state bluntly the problem of people, and in times of stress economic security unemployment and poverty in relation to religion becomes a single issue. The church must be deep- in a meeting of the Catholic Industrial Confer- ly realistic about this question. At present people ence. He said, "Poverty to St. Francis may have are confused and harassed because they are in an been a holy thing, but to emotional stage and cannot John Smith, unemployed, in balance experience with my parish, with his wife and Continued unemployment, hard facts. The Church must five children it is a far dif- voluntary or involuntary, is a bear its responsibility for ferent thing. Poverty leads menace to the material, moral not having helped the people to the very gates of hell. "to discern this time."

Members are lost, not gained, and spiritual wellbeing of the Universal spiritual recovto the church because of iCnhduivrcidhu. al,Tthhee inSatabtielityandof thaet ery will follow universal eco- least. twelve million workers in pauperism. . . . Oligarchy nomic security based upon a in America shouts democ- America to find healthful em- Christian philosophy and racy to fool the people. This ployment constitutes a real cri- economy where earnings are is the meanest kind of oli- sis that threatens disaster. This for the benefit of many rathgarchy. . . . The Protestant paper, by a pastor who has done er than for the profit of the Church has lost the laboring much to help the unemployed in few. Any attempts at reliman because Protestant min- his own city, gives valuable sug- gious revival apart from this isters have not assisted the gestions that may be found use- position will prove to be unemployed or labor. We ful elsewhere. Some will not futile and eventually will de,. are also losing them because apgorienet, wbiutth atlhleaaguretehotrhaatt seovmerey- stroy Christian faith and thing must be done in harmony we have not been true to our add to the common despair. program. . . . The Catholic 7 Any church that shouts the Church is losing more mem- "Kingdom of God" to fool bers each year than it is tak- with the spirit and teachings of the people is a mean church Jesus Christ, to meet the needs of the hour.

ing in by conversion. . . . and it does not represent the To me, social service is re- Master, who was anointed to ligion." preach "good tidings to the The dilemma of the Church and the masses is poor," and who later proved the validity of His presented by H. Richard Niebuhr in his statement, mission to the imprisoned John the Baptist by re- "There is no effective religious movement among porting that the poor "had good tidings preached the disinherited in America. As a result they to them."

are simply outside the pale of organized Christi- Is the Church taking an active place in the hon- anity." est resentments of life? Are churchmen near Professor H. Paul Douglass says in the Spring- those who are clubbed to death in food riots? Is field Survey, "The churches have run away from the Church aware of the dangers of regimenta- the areas of desperate needs." The preacher who tion of millions to the lowest levels of life? Is was asked to speak before a mass meeting of re- the heart of the Church touched by the misery lief strikers was quite shocked when, as he was and tragedy of the victims of modern selfishness introduced as "Reverend," a worker yelled, "We and stupidity? Is the influence of the Church don't want any religion here." This experience feared by the privileged and selfish classes?

and these statements quite characterize the usual Should the Church be an open door for everyone?

[295 ]

As a rule the language of the Church is un- bodies gave leadership much good was accomfamiliar and means little to the unemployed. Its plished. In Grace Church a Self-Help Cooperaappeal often suggests an obscurantism in which tive in two years, with a small outlay of cash, there is no action. The unemployed recognize two did over $34,000 worth of business in furnishing or three significant needs and are waiting for a actual commodities to the poor. It is clear that revolutionary Christianity which deals with real- men who have no wealth and who do not control ity in accordance with those needs. Major moral the means of production struggle against almost insights are dependent upon human needs. A impossible odds, and as a result this first great middle class society with, fair prospects, from and fundamental urge of the unemployed has been which is drawn the major constituency of the largely dissolved. Church, turns its attention to moral questions of a different type than does a society of people out People turned increasingly to what is apparof work, whose future appears empty and hope- ently the only alternative-relief. Agencies were less. Where profit seeking capitalism increasingly inadequate and distributed relief in monthly sums fails to support the people, middle class people as low as $9.00 per month-$13.00 in Denver. will have to decide whether or not to join the The people could not live on this scale and a secdispossessed in a struggle for a truly Christian ond movement developed involving hundreds of social order; organizations and thousands of members. The main purpose was to demand more adequate relief. One fundamental contribution of any church to These organizations were quite resentful and met the solution of this problem is the maintenance considerable opposition but struck fear into sociof an atmosphere of fair play and a platform ety. Some churches accepted the opportunity to which asserts itself in a policy of true freedom work with them. Night after night hundreds of speech. Only in this way can the church be were turned away from packed meetings at Grace close to people and so come to know and follow Church. Gradually, the Government entered the the way of God. Grace Community Church, Den- field and relief was raised to an average of $30.00 ver, maintains a policy sensitive to people in which a month. every minority and oppressed group may find expression. . Twenty-six different unemployed Unemployed soon found that bombarding relief and workers' organizations count Grace Center as agencies was both unhappy and futile. After all, a regular meeting place. Among them are: relief workers or their organizations were not the Baker's Union, Sheet Metal Workers, Truck Driv- ones that put people out of work. Multitudes hurers and Teamsters, Tramway Employees, Tank ried to other extremes and joined visionary move- Builders, Retail Clerks, Auto Mechanics, A. F. of ments born out of hope. Millions joined the L. Rank and File, Unemployed Cooperatives, In- Townsend Clubs, the Utopian Societies, the Techternational Labor Defense, National Workers Al- nocrats, and other organizations. Much energy liance, Colorado Cooperative, Inc., Townsend was dissipated but may have saved the United Clubs, Utopians, Socialist Party, Technocrats, States from more serious disturbances. Ex-C. W. A. Workers, Poultry Cooperative, Farmers Union, Joint Council of Women's Auxiliaries, Another stage involves two directions—{)ne Good Government Club, Voters Clubs, Workers sound, in which people study their problems and Press Conference, League for Human Freedom, attempt to survey life. The Denver Labor College League Against War and Fascism, Labor College, had three terms this past year with courses in Homesteaders Club, Miner's Cooperative, F. E. Economics, Sociology, NRA, History of Labor, R. A. Workers, Relief Strikers, Consumers Coop- Social Insurance, Labor Law, Dramatics, Systems erative Study Club, Transient Boys Club, Workers of Social Change, Proposed Economic Programs, Boys' and Girls' Clubs, and Mooney-Billings Com- and other courses. The other direction represents mittee. another wild fling, this time behind the glittering generalities of such personalities as Huey Long Churches sensitive to what has happened these and Father Coughlin. This second direction replast five years will note the following develop- resents a grave danger in which America may ments. Immediately after the crash in 1929, un- unwittingly be Hitlerized. employed almost in mass resorted to self-help activities. Many organizations developed in The Constitution of the Workers and Farmers every community—{)ver thirty in the City of Alliance of EI Paso County, Colorado, strikingly Denver. This work proceeded largely without similar to others over the country, represents a public approval and was sometimes discouraged more earnest effort by the unemployed. Incidenby both business and organized labor. Social tally, one of the trusted officers of this Alliance is workers generally ignored this outpouring of co- Rev. John Jorden, of St. Paul's Church, Colorado operative initiative, but where churches and civic Springs. This relationship is typical of hundreds of situations and indicates a part that the church can play. This organization strives to be wholly

HOW THE CHURCH CAN HELP THE UNEMPLOYED

American. The Preamble to the Constitution is activities. In many instances all that is needed well worth reading. is encouragement to develop some significantly helpful and creative interests, including interest Because of the hopeless political situation now confront- in Consumers' Cooperatives. Education should ing the United States, and the fact that our Legislative, be dominant. Ministers should be especially Executive and Judiciary bodies are in constant disagree- aware of workers' education, and should promote ment regarding a workable program to stabalize industry related activities of forums, panels, dramatics, and fulfill the promises of a new deal for the masses: We, music, art, and other avocations. the producing citizens of the nation have found it neces- Excellent work is being done in the field of GRACE CHURCH COOPERATIVE POTATO CAMP workers' education. Preachers need to be in- formed. The purpose of this workers' education sary to organize in sundry groups for self-protection not is: "to foster among workers a better understandonly against entrenched predatory wealth as formerly, ing of economic and social problems, interpreting but also against gross injustice caused by political favor- them in the light of accurate information and of itism in the government agencies entrusted with the dole our own experience; to instruct workers in prinand work relief program for its millions of unemployed ciples of labor organization and in method of victims. . . . building an activ.ely intelligent Labor Movement; to encourage the building of a social order ade- Our meetings will be educational in nature and should quate for all the needs of all the people." follow the lines of economic class interest without advocating any special creed or politics and our aim should be the The pall of many churches in unemployed amalgamation of all useful workers of hand and brain, in neighborhoods is poor church attendance and order that a careful and intelligent mass action may be apparent indifference. Cooperation on the part applied in case of a crisis. of the church to meet the real needs of the people will make the minister a busy person with a hun- dred demands: as a speaker before unemployed groups, an advisor, and a leader in the effort to bring about better conditions.

The church should also strive to be a commu- nity center endeavoring to meet special needs- for recreation, nursery schools, activities to pre- A casual observer will note that the world will A GRACE COMMUNI'IW CHURCH BOYS' CLUB whirl for some time to come. This easily reveals the first opportunity of the Church to the unem- vent juvenile delinquency and help with family ployed. Churches need to open their doors and problems. Grace Church received the following allow space to be used by the people. Churches letter from the Crime Prevention Bureau of in the less fortunate neighborhoods should not be Denver: closed week days. More fortunate churches could well afford to help support strategically located DEAR REV. WAHLBERG: churches of the disinherited as centers for unemployed and workers' activities. Grace Church I wish to use this means of expressing to you my comhouses over 300 different meetings a month. The pliments of the effective work you are doing in your December report of the caretaker is interesting. district. "We have at this time meeting here nine labor unions, sixteen educational and workers' classes, four labor auxiliaries, and fifteen other groups. The chapel and rooms iIi the Community Building, including Children's Work and Boys' and Girls' Clubs, are used 365 times a month, not including the Sunday school where the rooms are used again. The Chapel frequently is used and cleaned as many as four times daily, especially on Saturdays -most of the others twice daily."

A second procedure is to cultivate self-help

From a spot map made in the Juvenile Court, I find It is the experience of the writer that the unemonly one boy's case filed in 1932 and one in 1933 in the' ployed, when confidence is established, turn eagerarea bounded by Broadway, West Colfax and Speer. This ly to the Christian minister for guidance. The is indeed a fact to be proud of. Grace Unemployed Cooperative Arbitration Com- mittee, of which the pastor is a member, has been The work of a community center with the necessary able to settle many disputes and has handed down equipment can never be estimated in dollars. Our delin- many interesting decisions. The Church can win quency problem would be practically wiped out if we had many of these people to Christ if, in addition to a sufficient number of such institutions as the Grace Com- shouting the Kingdom of God, it also uses its munity Church. influence to build up the Kingdom and to share its blessings with the workers. Trusting that your good work will continue, I am Respectfully, A labor union took over the job of decorating EDMUND C. YOUNG, Grace Church in which twenty-one unemployed painters donated most of their time until the job Bureau of Probation and Delinquency Prevention. was completed. Asked why union labor was will- ing to work without pay the union boss replied, The Church must give meaning to its social "We men like to help a good cause. A church GOSPel pronouncements if it hopes to win the that is doing the work of your church deserves unemployed to Christ. To announce that the the best. If we had left our job half done, we Church is committed to fair wages and better would always have felt guilty. We just have to working conditions and at the same time to ignore play fair with these boys and girls. And a fellow the plight of workers in any particular neighbor- is willing to do most anything when he is apprehood is a glaring contradiction which indicates ciated. Most folks, it seems, find it a lot easier insincerity. Church people as a rule have no true to damn us and misunderstand us. Here, we have idea of such things as socialism, corporations, seen with our own eyes a real service, and have labor unions, strikes, lockouts, and other social felt a real Christian appreciation of humanity. concepts that are constantly met in this world. You can't turn that down. It ain't profits. folks The unemployed are often more anxious about wants, it's life." finding something good in the Church· than is the Church itself. Religious interest is riot highly developed in the masses. Nevertheless, they are keenly sensitive to a common language that bespeaks fellowship in the struggle to iive.

Juvenile Criminals and the Church By HOMER L. DICKERSON, Nickerson, Nebraska j there is no such thing as "an average juvenile delinquent," we maintain that in the majority of THERE are few social problem~, today of more cases these characteristics are found. Just as we interest than that of crime. _any plans are have what we term the average American citizen offered for its solution. Some may work but so we note the characteristics of the average many are hopeless. There is one thing certain, juvenile delinquent. He may be described as folhowever, that if we can stop juvf!nge delinquency lows: the larger problem of crime is s~lved. How to do this has thus far batHed those'most interested. He is 18 years of age and unmarried. He is a Some believe criminals are born to be at odds nominal member of a church that he never atwith society. Others say that any child born into tends. (See table 2.) His mother and father the environment out of which delinquents come, are of foreign birth and do not speak the English is doomed to spend his life fleeing from the law. language well. (See table 1.) He has been raised in a home in which there has been serious trouble On the basis of an investigation of a modern due either to -divorce or death of his parents., reformatory, we make certain suggestions as to (Sixty-one of the boys did not live with both of what the Church can do about the solution of their parents.) This average delinquent has this problem. always lived in a poverty-stricken home situated in a tenement district of a large city. There are For convenience and clarity we include a chart seven in the family and some of his brothers have of two and have summed up the dominant char- been in trouble with the authorities. The boy did acteristics of the 100 boys and included them in what we call the average delinquent. While we readily admit the weakness of this method, since

JUVENILE CRIMINALS AND THE CHURCH

not like school and often played truant. He began ous to mention. Each situation has its own soluschool at the age of six and left at fourteen after tion; the main thing is that the minister take completing the seventh grade. His mental age an interest in such boys. is approximately ten years and eight months. This young man has repeated at least one grade The program of the Boy Scouts should also in school. Since then he has had two jobs and appeal to boys. Yet our survey shows that only worked on each on the average of nine months at three had membership in that organization. While $16.98 a week. He was unemployed at the time certain phases of the Boy Scout movenie]J.t may he committed the crime for which he was sent to not always appeal, yet the whole program is the Reformatory. His leisure time was spent in flexible enough to be adjusted to many needs. The loafing. Prior to his present committal he has great difficulty' is to get leaders. Here the minbeen convicted of four crimes. ister can be of great help, through appealing to his men to give their time in taking care of a What Can the Church Do? Scout patrol of potential delinquents.

In making recommendations as to what the The Prevention of Delinquency minister can do to aid in the rehabilitation of these boys, first let us consider the position of the Weare not concerned alone in rehabilitating minister in the community. boys but rather in preventing them from becom- ing delinquent. The natural question is what He is the man especially trained to guide those can the minister do about the boy whose parents forces which build character. While it is not cannot speak English freely? It seems only reanecessary or wise, that he be the head of such sonable that he use his influence to obtain social organizations as the Y. M. C. A., the Boy Scouts workers who speak both languages and know and other leisure-time agencies, he should be in both cultures, to act as foster parents to both the constant contact with them and should aid in young man and his parents. If this can not be making their influence felt in the community. Ac- done an effort can be made to obtain members of cording to this survey the Y. M. C. A. and the his church willing to "take" a foreign-speaking Boy Scouts have played little or no part in the family and help to orient them to their new envilives of these boys. Only two have attended the ronment. He can open his church to classes in "Y" and three the Boy Scouts. Such a situation adult education. should not exist. Certainly the recreational program of the "Y" should appeal to the thousands In facing the problem of the school we find it of potential delinquents. Despite the fact that particularly difficult. Our survey shows that 73 per cent of the boys came from cities where overwhelming numbers of the boys studied have the Y. M. C. A. is operating, only two per cent had difficulty in school, many at a very early age. were regular attendants. The ministers can aid in The survey also shows that the majority of the getting boys who need the "Y" into its recrea- boys were below the average mental level. Taking tional classes. It is probable that the apparent all these things into consideration it seems wise, failure of the "Y" is not due to any desire on its that when this situation is known to exist, we part to serve only those of the more favored should adapt our educational standards to meet classes, but rather due to a lack of financial and the needs of this group. They have proven their moral support from those whom the minister can mental handicap, and to continue trying to make reach. Putting it more plainly, the delinquent them measure up to the old recognized educational very often cannot pay for membership. Neither standards simply fosters truancy. Many people can the "Y." Some one else must do it. The today believe truancy to be the threshold of a minister, working in cooperation with the "Y" criminal career. The minister once convinced of secretary, could help in getting his church mem- the necessity of teaching the manual arts to those bers to subscribe toward free memberships for who have difficulty in mastering textbook knowlsuch boys as these. edge should use his influence with the school au- thorities to provide these children with opportuni- The minister should be one to greet the boy ties t(')· develop their talents along the lines of upon his return from the reform school. He their abilities. can act as the one to whom the boy can go for guidance. It would be worth while· for him to The writer is not qualified to offer a perfect see that the young man is immediately given a educational program. Modern educators are free membership in the "Y" and that he be per- working on this and in many cases are doing a mitted to join other clubs provided for him. He fine piece of work. Some examples are the project might prevail upon a member of his church to method, platoon or opportunity classes and trainact as a Big Brother to the boy. The avenues ing in the manual arts. These programs are built the minister can open to help him are too numer- to fit the needs of the pupils. The greatest ob- stacle to that kind of training comes from the

adults who have been through the old system, and ing minister. The laboring man should under- are convinced of its merits and resent any change. stand that the Christian religion functioning If they had the new system explained to them, properly will obtain for him the very thing he many would approve it. The Parent-Teacher As- wants most; that is, a chance to live life at its sociation is an excellent organization for foster- best.

ing understanding between the parent and the Having said all this, the natural question arises teacher. The minister can offer very practical how can a minister find time to do all these things ? help toward this understanding by becoming an One minister may not be able to do it alone but active supporter of this organization and advising groups of ministers, planning together can do the his church members to do the same. work effectively. It is admittedly a hard task. Reformatory officers believe their plan of keep- Some people may be poor and others rich, some live in tenements and others in mansions, some ing every waking moment of the boy's days full of are in conflict with the laws and others obey them, activity, is responsible for their comparatively but all must be served by the Christian minister. small number of disciplinary problems. The His task is to coordinate these diverse groups so Christian minister can learn much from their ex- that the fortunate and the unfortunate will live perience. Many modern communities have very together in harmony, and all will be given an opfew other than commercial amusements for youth. portunity to enjoy the abundant life found in Motion picture shows soon become tiresome, many Jesus Christ. are unwholesome and the boys do not have the money to pay for these amusements. They must TABLE 1 get their recreation some place. Why not in the church? Most of our churches are now used THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH only one or two days a week. It is possible that a Place of Birth Fathers Mothers minister, working with his men could organize United States ……………….. . 44 41 clubs as leisure-time activities, varied enough to Italy ……………………….. . 22 18 appeal to the taste of most of the young people in Poland ……………………… . 8 10 the community. Each local situation should be Czecho-Slovakia ………………. . 3 3 Germany ……………………. . 3 3 planned in accordance with its own needs. Ireland ……………………… . 2 4 Such a program should interest these boys in Russia ……………………… . 2 4 the worship service of the church. There are England ……………………. . 1 1 some who doubt the efficiency of church attend- Australia ……………………. . 1 2 ance as a crime deterrent. A recent report from Lithuania …………………… . 1 1 Scotland ……………………. . 1 1 one reformatory reveals that there is a strong Wales ……………………… . 1 o correlation between church attendance before Haiti ………………………. . o 1 commitment and success on parole, and a still West Indies …………………. . 1 1 stronger link between church attendance while on Ukraine …………………….. . 1 o parole and success. 91 91 CHURCH ATTENDANCE PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Dead (Nationality not known) .. 9 9 Regular ………. 2 failing out of 26 ( 8 per cent) Total 100 100 Irregular ……… 35 failing out of 216 (16 per cent) None .; ……….. 15 failing out of 42 (36 per cent) TABLE 2 CHURCH ATTENDANCE ON PAROLE THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH Regular ………. 2 failing out of 77 ( 3 per cent) Attendance Irregular ……… 29 failing out of 169 (17 per cent) None …………• 23 failing out of 41 (56 per cent) Church Reg- Fre- Sel- Never Membership ular quent dom Ministers cannot obtain work for all the unem- 45 ployed. They can do much, however, to improve Roman Catholic 63 8 1 9 7 the situation. Ample opportunities offer them- 1 4 selves to a minister for making employers more MPArfeertsihcboaydntiesrtBiaaEnpptiis.sct.o.p..a.l ….. 13 0 0 5 5 conscious of the needs of the employees. The 6 0 3 Christian social message from the pulpit should 6 0 1 1 1 be practical enough and so pointed that no em- 2 2 ployer can mistake the practical application. A 0 0 1 '0 modern minister should let the employees in his 0 1 parish know that he understands their· problems Hebrew ………….. 0. 3 0 0 0 and can offer practical advice and help. Labor organizations need the influence of an understand- African Methodist …. 3 0 0 Greek Catholic …….. 2 0 0 Baptist …….. ~ ………. 1 0 1 Dutch Reformed …… 0 .. 1 0 0 Totals ……………. 98 11 2 17 68 The 99th boy stated he was a Protestant but never at- tended. The 100th boy was not a member of any church and never goes. These figures were taken from the boys' own statements.

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II Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO IN THE PROGRAM BUILD- to be used in the year opening in is one of the slogans of the new September, the n thoroughly day. ER'S WORKSHOP study them with your local groupings in mind. If possible, 4. Try to give every person in The "convenient season" for attend a summer conference your organization or group building programs is now upon where the new material is ex- something to do in the line of his us and missionary planners ploited. aptitude. All should work, learn, should take advantage of the fa- pray, give; but why hamper the cilities which summer affords 2. Ca,ter to appetites in the expression of truth by asking for that important bit of church matter of variety and pleasing Moses to make a speech or construction. The plans, speci- flavor. Don't serve the new Aaron to lead a multitude? It fications and blueprints for the things in the same old ways of might well be the task of a definew Home Mission studies are last year. Cast the material in nite committee to find not a but not yet available for your De- the form of p I a y s, pageants, the job for every member. Repartment Editor inasmuch as original dramatizations of the member that aptitudes which naher "mansions" are, like those in study books and leaflets, cos- ture has dyed in the wool can't Dr. Gordon's famous dream, tumed impersonations, visualiza- be faded out in the wash. "strictly limited by the material tions, object lessons, debates, sent up from below," namely, discussions, book reviews, mov- 4. Direct all study or inforsupplied in summer conferences ing and stereopticon pictures, mation into the channel of some and schools of mission study. capitalization of special days and expressional projec.t which shall An abundance of detailed plans events, exhibitions, demonstra- conserve instead of evaporating will be ready for our readers a tions, expressional projects for emotional energy. We learn little later. Meanwhile founda- hand, mind and pocketbook-all about this or that people in order tions may be laid according to the kaleidoscopic colorings for to do for them. the fundamental principles enu- truth which this Department has merated in this issue, and some tried to pass on from its con- 5. Use new charts. Find new specific plans of value are given stituency from month to month. machinery. Steer new courses. herewith. Sharpen up your Write to The Religious Motion But never lose sight of or subortools! Picture Foundation, 140 Nassau dinate the unchanging goal of St., New York City, for its cata- salvation through Jesus Christ On the Ground Floor log covering the widest variety for the whole world. Social of moving pictures available at service is a good means to the 1. Adapt plans to age-require- an insignificant price, if you can end; but it must never be misment and type of mind. For- possibly arrange to buy or bor- taken for the end. A unique iltunately m 0 s t denominational row a projector (s eve r a I lustration of adaptation of old agencies for missionary educa- churches sharing the same in- means to new conditions is aftion bring out annually courses strument, as in some friendly forded by the project called and programs prepared by ex- communities) . Study variety perts familiar with pedagogy and utilize the imagination. Cooperation Between the and current needs. "What is sauce for the goose" is no longer 3. Make sure you serve up P. T. A. and Church Schools considered "sauce for the gan- worthful material, not froth and der," as was formerly the case flavor meant as appetizers. Use The following article is contribin making up missionary pro- materials provided in the United uted by Mrs. J. D. Burton, Disgrams . for men and women, Mission Study Courses, supple- trict President of the Tennessee adults and children. But even mented by your specific denom- Congress of Parents and Teachwell-graded material needs to be inational plans and amplified by ers in the Sixth District: adapted locally, and this requires at least one independent publicagenuine work on the part of tion such as THE REVIEW, which The early history of education leaders. First write your de- sees beyond the boundaries of in Tennessee is the story of the partment of missionary educa- the various communions into the. early academies, in the main tion or the literature secretary Land of Universal Brotherhood private schools taught usually by for all the plans and materials and Cooperation. "Togetherism" ministers who had come into the communities for purposes of [301 ] evangelization. At that time these church schools were looked

upon as "foreign enterprises" Is it not possible that Mrs. Similar themes but much and the teachers as having nothing in common with the com- Burton has, in the foregoing, simpler ones must be used munities in which the schools outlined one of the "next steps" among junior groups. Are the were located and no cooperation with the public schools. This is in Home Missions? foregoing too hard for the averno longer true, and the leaders Instead of a "Preachment" age minister or his membership? in the private church schools The study necessary for adeand in the public schools have by the pastor or a program by quate discussion will in itself be learned to work together. It is unifying education and public the laity, why not have an occa- one of the high values of the sentiment in the Cumberland sional forum? Due to changes project. Do we "tremble for Mountains. The church schools today are rendering a fine serv- in psychology as well as current the ark of the Lord," fearing to ice in Christian education and pedagogy, this method of releas- "unsettle" our church folk? are pursuing the method of cooperation with other groups in ing information is becoming in- Most of the m, particularly the region. The leadership of the two lines finds a common creasingly popular, particularly among the younger generation, m€eting ground in the Parent- Teacher Association Movement among the educated folk inclu- .have already raised the questions which serves the home, school sive of the younger people (but and guidance in their thinking and community. It is nonsectarian and nonpartisan. Much then don't we remember the ex- will tend to clarify rather than is being accomplished in the way of coordination of e f for t. citing debates in "the little old to unsettle. This guidance is one Through this method public and private educators meet in joint red schoolhouse" of our youth ?) . of the major tasks of wide-awake deliberation as to ways in which From Stanley Jones' round table pastors and leaders and will be their programs can be coor- discussions in India even to suc- a direct contribution toward the dinated for the good of all. This involves unification of effort, co- cessful American evangelism, missionary cause. ordination of endeavor and economy of expenditure. pro and con discussions under a The forum method is particu- larly adapted to the considera- The Sixth District of the Ten- leader who holds the reins firmly tion of subject matter in our nessee Congress of Parents and to direct and to prevent a run- new Home Mission study books, away seem to fit the mood of the outstanding among which for Teachers is composed of seven adults is "Toward a Christian counties in the heart of the Cum- present generation. Given a America: The Contribution of berland Mountains. There are live topic, a skilful leader, a Home Missions," by Hermann N. Morse. (Cloth, $1.00; paper, 406 public schools in the district. small group of round-table talk- 60 cents.) An idea of its con- The problem of isolation is a ers who know how to talk, and tents and of the debatable ma- permission for a later free-for- terial may be gained from the large one in a number of places. chapter headings: all from the floor, with a definite Church schools are maintained time limit, such discussions I. Home Missions and the Chrishere by the Congregational, the among persons of any age above tian Ideal for America. Methodist Episcopal, the Meth- the grammar grades may prove II. Home Missions Reach Out. odist Episcopal South and the most fertile. They may even III. Home Missions Come of Age. Presbyterian churches, all oper- furnish a good Sunday evening ating under the boards and agencies of these denominations. service for the harassed pastor who preaches himself hoarse to The method followed is to have the private 'schools as members a handful. IV. Home Missions Take Stock of of the P. T. A. Movement, and to have their leaders participate in In these days of doubt as to the Present. the need of Foreign Missions, V. Evangelization-the Need. the Sixth District Conference of VI. Evangelization-the Means. the State P. T. A. Leaders of why not arrange a forum to ex- VII. Home Missions and Social Wel- ploit such live topics as these: public schools meet and make fare. contact with leaders of church schools in this way, thus pro- Have Foreign Missions outlived VIII. The Ministry of Service. moting mutual understanding of their usefulness? Are we justified in IX. Can Christians Cooperate?

viewpoints and needs. The joint diverting funds so badly needed at X. The Promise and Its Fulfilefforts are eliminating many ob- home to present the Gospel to an un- ment. stacles to the educational development of the region through willing people filled with the national- This study is most timely. Its istic spirit? the P. T. A. program. Can western Christianity be grafted keynote was sounded at the In- on to Oriental civilizations? Or are not their own reformed and modern- ternational Missionary Council ized religions better suited to the back- in its meeting at Jerusalem, by grounds and needs of Orientals? R. H. Tawney, when he said: Will not Buddhism be adequate if "You cannot at once preach the revamped by Christianity? religion of Christianity and practice the religion of material Is any Oriental religion or philos- success, which is the creed of a ophy sufficient for personal salvation?

"By their fruits"-a comparison of twenty centuries under Christianit"y great part of the western world with a similar period under any non- Christian religion or philosophy. and is the true competitor of Christianity for the allegiance May the sacred writings of Bud- of mankind." The 1935-36 dhists or Confucianists be considered their Old Testament, on which to graft studies face up to this fact and the Christian New Testament? To what extent may we now with- study the remedy. After the program builder has read one or draw our support in money and mis- sionaries from mission churches? more of the books written for

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING'

our consideration, forum topics colors and consequent denial of equal- expressed in His commands to His ity in opportunity. followers? (The devotional service will suggest themselves, espe- may well feature these commands.) Disproportional spending upon ourcially when the study is linked selves in building churches and educa- PUTTING THE "I" INTO "FRONup with the book of two years tional plants to the neglect of the less ago, "Christianity and Industry privileged. TIERSMEN"

in America," by Alva W. Taylor. War the traditional method of set- This program may either be given tling disputes. illustrated with the blackboard or a (Price the same as for current chart on which the letter "i" has been books.) Some general discus- Food raised in abundance and de- placed, that letter being enclosed in a sion topics might well be: stroyed, while many are in bread lines. ring in each of the suggested words , Personal expenditure on trivialities and neglect of missionary benevo- Has social service a legitimate place lences. What can you find in the written by the speaker as her theme in Home Mission study and endeavor, spirit and daring of the Pioneer that develops – "p art i e s," "m 0 vie s," or should we confine ourselves exclu- can be used by us as we plan a Chris- "t h rill s," "selfishness," "laziness," sively to evangelistic effort? tian solution in crossing these "open "service," "faith," "industry," etc., frontiers"? treating the large capital "I" in the Can the needs of village or town be same way; or two cards about 8×10 better met by a community church List the qualities or characteristics may be prepared with lower case "i" than a variety of denominational or- of Jesus which you think would be on one and the capital on the other, ganizations? needed by the Christian youth of to- two speakers giving the talk so that day who would enlist in this crusade? one may handle the undesirable and A study of "cooperatives." the other the desirable qualities. In- (The word "pioneer" is used several stead of being written at the time, as American Christianity and a mech- times in Moffatt's translation of the meIttioned previously, the words might anized civilization. New Testament. See Acts 3: 14 and be prepared beforehand and circled Heb. 12: 2.) with red as discussed. Capitalism and Christianity.

Cooperation vs. competition.

The new Home Mission Frontiers.

WHAT ARE THE NEEDS OF HUMANITY? Speaker says the letter "i" repre- Sample Programs This study is to guide young people sents you and me-small and insig- nificant as we feel sometimes, so that The study of frontiers is a in discovering the common needs of we think it makes no difference what particularly helpful one among humanity around the wo~ld and help we do or say. So we put this "i" into the problems of the day. Where "movies," "thrills," etc., and get so are they? What type of leader- them become aware of the human engrossed in putting it into "good ship do they demand? What times" that we forget to use it anysupport can we render from the values to which Christianity has given where else. So long as we do that, it home base? Suggestive program will remain small "i," for it will find captions might be: Trails across emphasis in dealing with the problems its way into "selfishness," "indiffer- Frontiers; Trail Breakers; A ence," etc., and even, perhaps, into Christian Guide for the New of the world's needs. Ask the ques- "unbelief." As none of us wish to re- Frontiers; Scouting for the main "i" all our lives, we must study Kingdom in the Homeland; tion of the topic and list replies on the to put the "i" into "service," "faith," Christianity at the Crossroads in "trustworthiness," "generosity," "kind- 1935; Rediscovering America. blackboard. Leader of the discussion ness," "stewardship," "worship" and This Department is indebted to similar activities, in the course of the Disciples' publications for then directs the group thinking to the which it will grow and become large. packets of literature furnishing (Draw large "I," or second person studies on Frontiers, for young conclusion that we all need about the comes forward with card.) people. Programs might well be built on the topics and subtopics same things, regardless of geography, Many "I's" have become great by of which the following are ex- being put into "frontiersmen" who go amples: race or color; that some races in our forth with faith in God and man to some worthwhile task. There are GUIDEPOSTS THAT POINT THE WAY own land would have their needs met many worthy frontiers. Let us dis- cuss some sponsored by the Church- Jesus Christ the Supreme Pioneer. if we as Christians shared with them the field· of missions. Modern Guideposts Dis reg a r d more fairly; that the nations of the Boundary Lines of Tradition or Race. (The ensuing portion of the pro- To the Frontier of Life Work. world would enjoy a different standard gram includes short talks by several To That of Racial Understanding. members who give sketches of pioneers To World Peace. of living if Christians set out with a in various fields, either of their own To Law Enforcement. denomination or the world at large- To Foreign Lands. determination to share as they have Whitman, Grenfell, John Mason Peck, Call to a Crusade to Cross and Pos- been blessed. ' William Carey, Adoniram Judson, sess Open Frontiers. etc.) The common needs: A good Chris- Some of us would like to substitute tian home; a sound body; a chance the letter "u" for "i" in "frontiers," but it does not work. We cannot turn for, an education; an opportunity to over our responsibility to others with- out halting progress. work; wholesome recreation; friends *** and neighbors; worship and fellow- ship in church. God has a plan for each of us and Institutions through which our needs are met: Home, school, library, church, park, places of entertainment, hospital, stores, banks.

What is expected of each individual if these institutions are to function and meet the needs of the people?

Each person should contribute by (a) Living and sharing as a good cit- izen, regardless of race or color; (b) Working and sharing by giving of the particular ability that is his in con- tributing to his fellow man.

Do your fundamental needs differ from those of others in your commu- nity? Your nation? The world?

OPEN FRONTIERS Why? it is our duty to make the most of the "Frontiers are not East or West, Compare the community in which talents and opportunities He gives us, North or South, but wherever a man you live with. those of mission fields knowing well that the frontiers He fronts a fact." (home or foreign) of which you have appoints for us to develop will enable A Survey of the Facts: studied. Think of the different races us to render a worthwhile service and in the U. S.-Negroes, Orientals, Mex- to find genuine happiness. We know Freedom of youth to make its plans icans, etc., and say whether they have that He will not fail to put the "I" and choose its life work. the privileges which you have. that is Himself into the word: "Thou Common attitude of white people As Christian youth, in what ways hast been faithful in little things, that of superiority to other races or can you carry out Christ's ideals as enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,===–===–=-======–=-===-===-====—====,~ WATCH AND PRAY before my mouth; Keep the door by Senorita Laura Jorquera of of my lips." Santiago, Chile. The theme is Recently, an exiled German "On Earth Peace, Goodwill To- Recently, Pope Pius XI led his ward Men." Senorita J orquera Christian leader answered the people in praying that the war writes: question, What can we do now makers in the world might be scattered. The implication of Close upon three thousand years for the German people? by say- such praying is that cooperation ago, a prophet of Israel laughed deing quietly – "Too late, too late, risively, saying: "They see visions of with God, our Heavenly Father, peace, and there is no peace" (Ezekiel for the practical help which in prayer and action would 13: 16). And his bitter words have hasten the day when, as Isaiah rung through the years, and are bewould have come if the allies of foretold-"justice shall dwell in ing constantly repeated in the same the last war had granted but a the wilderness; and righteous- derisive tones today. little armament and had pro- ness shall abide in the fruitful ceeded to disarm in their own field. And the work of righteous- All things to the contrary notwithcountries but a little. And now ness shall be peace; and the ef- standing, we believe in and we work fect of righteousness, quietness and we pray for the advent of peace I can only say 'w a t chand and confidence forever." And among the nations, for goodwill there shall be no more war! among men. Pray.''' The implications of his During Holy Week, the presi- "Watch and Pray" are that dents of the Federal Council of Does anyone ask if working friends will keep steadfast and the Churches of Christ in Amer- for peace is home missions? Annot curse another people; also, ica, the American Section of the swer: What price home missions that prayer may bring wisdom Universal Christian Council, the if the world goes to war? how best to help. Do we "watch World Alliance for Internaand pray" that our own national tional Friendship through the Study and Act Rightly leaders, especially in public affairs, be given wisdom? An Months and years have gone American Christian I e a d e r startled a group by praying for Churches, and the International into the study now offered in the Mr. Hitler that he should "look upon his own people with com- Missionary Council, sent out a new home mission study text passion, and thus find wisdom world-wide call to prayer for "Toward a Christian America," for the next steps." Have we peace "To All Who Love Our by Hermann N. Morse. A discusprayed for Hitler? "Lord we believe. Help thou our unbelief." Lord Jesus Christ." Written at sion outline to be used in con- A communication dated March a time when "the spectre of war nection with the study of "To- 28, 1935, from the Woman's Disarmament Committee of Inter- again haunts the world" and ward a Christian America" has llational Organizations wit h when "today the world for which been prepared by Kenneth Dexheadquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, sent an appeal to the Jesus Christ died seems ready to ter Miller, pastor of the Presbywomen of the entire world "to remain calm in the face of the crucify Him afresh," the appeal· terian Church, Madison, N. J. complications and anxieties of the present hour." It begs them urges upon all Christians to Determined effort to bridge any not to circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports, but on the pray for peace in every public chasms existing among the contrary, never forgetting the interdependence of nations, to service, and in their homes; also young, the somewhat older, and keep intact their faith in the ideal of international coopera- that "in our own lives we so older church members is back tion. Do we "circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports" and truly have the spirit of peace of the other texts – "Christian so add to the general disorder? With the Psalmist, may we pray that we can be co-workers with Youth in Action" by Frank W. now, "Set a watch, 0 Jehovah, God in building a peaceful Herriott, and "What Will You world." Do About It?" by Frank W. Her- The next World Day of riott and Sue Weddell.

Prayer for Missions sponsored Will you also seriously con- by the Committee on Women's sider if last year's study of "Th~ Work of the Foreign Missions Oriental in American Life" has Conference, and the Council of changed prevalent attitudes to- Women for Home Missions will ward Japanese, Filipinos, and be on the first Friday in Lent, Chinese? Are our hom e s, February 28, 1936. The pro- churches, and communities gram for 1936 has been prepared changed because we studied?

[304 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOM;E MISSIONS

God forbid that it could have into Christian ways of life, and He applied to the agency for such a job. There were no jobs just then. been only a passing show! true American citizenship. He wanted to be kept busy, he would The Lost Generation of At a recent meeting of the In- do some painting anyway if the dian Committee of the Home agency would furnish the paint. The agency had no paint to furnish. Joe American Indian Youth Missions Councils this question hung around the reservation. Futility, was discussed. It was sug- boredom, the ridicule of the old people The lost generation of Indian gested that missionaries among -well, drinking helped to get through Americans is the present one. the Indians should be supplied the day. Joe started to drink, first Here and there are bright areas with good books on anthropol- once in a while, then whenever he where Indian boys and girls are could get some one to pay for it, or having the opportunities to "life, ogy, as for instance "The Amer- get an odd job for enough to buy a liberty, and the pursuit of hap- ican Indian" by Clark Wissler; drink. piness," but over and around the few bright areas are storm "The Indians of Today," by Schools and communities clouds of suspicion, animosities, George Bird Grinnell; "The where a staff of Religious Eduheated arguments, and the de- Story of the American Indian," cation Directors is now being struction of life processes by the maintained by the Indian Compersons and groups who should by Paul Radin. "Facing the Fu- mittee of the Home Missions ture in Indian Missions" by Mer- Councils: riam and Hinman, and the lat- ter's study, "Indian Americans instead give life energy to con- and Christian Missions" are still Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mexico. Number of students enrolled: structive measures. Even church available. "Indians at Work," Albuquerque, 690; Santa Fe, 487. groups during the storm have issued by the Office of Indian Flandreau, South Dakota. Students, given less and less Christian Affairs, is available on request 450. leadership and money for reli- from the Department of Interior, Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kan- gious education work among In- Washington, D. C. Sas. Students, 675.

dian students. They have grown In the present liquor situation Lac du Flambeau, Wi s con sin. weary in well-doing or they too in the U. S. A., Christian citizens Largely community work where pupils are in public schools. argue about matters which living near Indian neighbors can Salem Indian School, Chemawa, should be secondary to the reli- be of service in preventing ex- Oregon. Students, 300. gious training of these potential Sherman Institute, Riverside, Calileaders of a minority group of ploitation of "the lost genera- fornia. Students, 658. tion." Merriam in "Facing the American citizens. Future in Indian Missions" The educational policy of the From the March number of p(}i,nts out that originally Indians Government is concerned with Indian Truth, published by the were not distillers of liquor. "An building up family-and-commu- Indian Rights Association, the Indian with a little money is a nity life for Indian people. The good customer for the illegal dis- seven schools in which the staff following is ~uoted : is at work will continue. Sev- eral other large high schools When the Wheeler-Howard bill be- penser.. . Prohibition has came a law June 18, 1934, it author- brought a new set of problems. have asked for religious educa- ized .appropriation of $12,500,000 al- Ever since 1802 the Federal Gov- tion directors. The opportunity though not one penny was actually ernment has attempted to con- for mission enterprises of a made available. community type, such as at Lac trol the sale of liquor to ward The Budget estimates as submitted Indians . . . the bootlegger du Flambeau, is increasing. to Congress carried the following items for operating the Wheeler- takes advantage of open coun- Howard Act: Revolving Credit Fund try." And the people are de- With more cooperation of church $5,000,000 or one-half the amount authorized; .for land acquisitions $1,000,~ stroyed! g r 0 ups and individuals, the OOO-<me-haif. of the aut h 0 r i zed One of the directors on the Home Missions Councils are amount; for student educational loans staff of the Home Missions Coun- ready to serve more adequately $175,000c-which is $75;000 below the cils wrote recently: the Indian youth of today. authorization; and for expenSe. of tribal organizations, $250,000 -the Joe comes from a reservation in Bright Areas original authorization. South Dakota. South Dakota is mostly As Congress specifically authorized farming country. In times of drouth Young Indian Wedding: "Not certain appropriations to carry out the there are no .crops. When there are no provisions of the act, it would seem to crops there are no fobs, and no money. long ago a couple of our fine be in duty bound to at least accept the From Joe's home to the nearest well young people expressed their de- budget estimates; otherwise any fail-' of water was a walk of over a mile. sire to be married. Both were ure to secure the results expected can-. :.Joe's father and mother did not care graduates from the Sherman Innot be charged against theadminis:,J' ·much any more. Joe went away to a dian Institute. The young man trative officers. ;' . . . r 'vocational school. Painting seemed to fit him best, and he was good at it. is employed at the Institute on One controversial mat t e r Not particularly gifted as a leader, the farm. As they wanted a Joe was. nevertheless cooperative and quiet wedding we were delighted which limits advance in religious community minded. The staff de- pended' on his support in student ac- to have them choose our home work is the advantages and dis- tivities. Then at his graduation, Joe for the occasion. advantages of recognizing the' went back to the reservation. If ever best in the old' Indian culture a place needed paint it was Joe's own "On the morning of the chosen and customs and using these best home. But the old people grinned. day the bride brought arm loads where was the money to buy paint? elements as bases for growth of wildflowers to decorate the

fireplace. Red candles- were College where they have been Hitherto the Commission on Interplaced on the mantle in accord- students for two years, living at ance with their wish. Lovely racial Cooperation has taken no posisprays of apricot blossoms com- Sherman Institute and earning tion relative to federal anti-lynching their board and room by render- legislation. We were agreed that the primary responsibility for the preven- pleted the decorations. ing twelve hours' work each tion and punishment of lynching rested upon state officials and courts, week. and that, in the last analysis, public Both girls are making very opinion was largely the determining good records in their studies be- factor. Consequently, the Commission from its inception has worked contin- ing on the honor roll. They are uously along these lines, seeking anti- planning to become teachers of lynching legislation in a number of states, urging vigorous preventive measures when lynchings were threat- ened, asking effective court action ,.Ilgainst the members of mobs, and at the same time seeking through all possible avenues of publicity and edu- cation to build up a public opinion that would no longer tolerate crimes of this character.

Lynching records of the last fifteen years indicate progress along the line of prevention. Officers generally are more vigilant than formerly in the protection of prisoners, thereby re- ducing the lynching toll. Meantime intelligent public opinion is practically unanimous in condemnation of mob "By eight o'clock in the eve- violence. On the contrary, with rare excep- ning a few close friends and be- tions, attempts at prosecution in lynch- ing cases continue to be futile. In loved teachers had arrived. The nearly every case the community hyssoft light of the candles and the teria which gives rise to a lynching open fire shed a mellow welcome. makes impossible any effective court "As the music began, the EUNICE LYNN action against the perpetrators of the bride, dressed in blue, and wear- crime. Consequently, in not one case ing a bouquet of violets, came in ten is an effective effort made by quietly in on the arm of the tall the authorities to identify and proseyoung groom. As the age-old cute the members of lynching mobs.

service proceeded the look of Home Economics. Both have Even in the rare cases in which such earnest reverence on their faces been active in the Christian efforts have been made indictments was indeed beautiful. And as work at Sherman, being Church have seldom been obtained, and conthey knelt in the firelight for the School teachers and leaders in victions have usually proved impos- various activities. closing blessing a prayer as- sible. ACT AGAINST LYNCHING Disappointed by this record of imcended from each of our hearts that they might be kept for many potence on the part of state and local officials, the Commission has reluchappy years of usefulness." tantly been forced to the conclusion that little is to be expected from this Eunice Lynn and Viola Meroney are both graduates with Of great interest not only to source, at least in the immediate fuhonor from Sherman Institute, those church groups and indi- ture, and that an appeal to the feda Government Indian Trade viduals who have endorsed a fed- eral courts in such cases is justified school. Both girls graduate this eral anti-lynching law but also and demanded by the conditions. spring from the Riverside Junior to those who have hesitated to do so is the following statement, The Commission favors, therefore, which comes from the Commis- the enactment of federal legislation sion on Interracial Cooperation, to this end, in the hope that federal agents and courts would be in better position to act fearlessly and effec- tively in the prosecution of partici- , Atlanta, Ga. This organization pants in the crime of lynching.

represents thoughtful and con- During the months since J an- scientious men and women, uarY,when the Costigan-Wagner white and Negro, from the four- Anti-Lynching Bill was intro- teen Southern states. Its mem- duced, multitudes of church peo- bership is composed largely of ple throughout the country have church leaders and educators gone on record in its favor. The whose wide knowledge of condi- Department of Race Relations of tions makes any statement is- the Federal Council of Churches sued by them of unusual signifi- has acted as a clearing house for cance. This statement which the denominations in respect to was given to the press and sent this measure, keeping church immediately to all the Southern leaders in touch with its prog- VIOLA MERONEY senators, is as follows: ress.

AMERICA Student Beliefs dispensaries, schools

community houses, Sunday A "City of God" Dr. William Lowe Bryan, schools, churches. President of Indiana University "St. Augustine was not the since 1900 and a consecrated Fifty-two colleges, twelve thelast to dream of a 'City of God,' " Christian leader, has had in- ological seminaries and fortysays a writer in the Presbyte- scribed in the lobby of the new eight universities are among the rian Tribune. The new mayor Union Building the following in- centers of work of the Board of of Vancouver, B. C., ran on a scription: Christian Education. It aids the platform of Christian reform educational work of 9,000 and during the campaign daily The University regards the Universe churches and Sunday schools, attended special prayer services Within whose infinity have emerged and maintains sixty-five Presbyconducted by the First Century terian ministers for work among Christian Fellowship. His first Order-Life-Mai, 50,000 Presbyterian students in public act as mayor was to pro- .Aristotle, Galileo, Shakespeare, universities. It gives financial claim a Day of Prayer, and help to students, recruits new closed the proclamation with the Lincoln, Jesus Christ. ministers and missionaries, eduprayer that He who had once cates the Church in money-raisgiven a vision of the Holy City A questionnaire has been cir- ing and in social progress, stim- "will grant us a vision of our culated at the University, the ulates and develops worship and city, fair as she might be; a city result of which is given in per- work in the local churches, and of justice, where none shall prey centages of students answering: every year publishes millions of on others; a city of plenty, copies of Sunday school lessons where vice and poverty shall Do you believe in God? 96 and illustrated weekly papers. cease to fester; a city of broth- per cent yes; 3 per cent no; 1 erhood and happy homes, where per cent doubtful. The proposed merger would all success shall be founded on bring the boards and agencies of service and honor given to noble- Do you believe in Jesus the Presbyterian Church down ness alone; a city of peace, Christ? 93 yes; 5 and 2. to three; twenty years ago there where order shall not rest on were seventeen. force, but on the love of all for Do you believe Jesus to be dithe city in which they dwell." vine? Answers, 80, 5 and 5. New Homestead Project Important Centenaries Do you attend church? An- Two hundred families on re- swers 89, 8 and 7. lief are to be transplanted to the Matanuska Valley in Alaska. Do you believe in prayer? An- swers 89, 9 and 2.

-Presbyterian Banner.

Consolidation Proposed A project for uniting two or- ganizations with assets of $47,- The present year marks the 000,000 and annual expenditures They have been tentatively secentenary of a number of im- lected from those who from exportant missionary develop- of more than $5,500,000 will be ments in the Protestant Episco- one of the questions to be perience and habits are best fitpal Church-among them: decided by the annual General ted to lead the rigorous life of pioneers in a northern climate. The reorganization of the Domestic Assembly of the Presbyterian They will live in tent cities durand Foreign Missionary Society and Church in the U. S. A., opening the formation of the Board of Mis- at Cincinnati May 23. The two ing the summer while the govsions, superseded in 1919 by the pres- ernment is building log houses ent National Council. bodies to be merged are the and clearing the woods. The Board of Christian Education, The departure of our first mission- and the Board of National Mis- settlers will take with them all aries for China. their household belongings; and sions. tractors and other essential The appointment of our first mis- More than 60 languages are farming equipment, together sionaries to Liberia. used by the 3,900 workers of the with live-stock, will be trans- The inauguration of the Spirit of Board of National Missions. ported to the site of the rehabili- Missions. They conduct 7,000 activities, The year 1935 also marks the trom Alaska to Cuba and Puer- tation project. Each family, un- 150th anniversary of the first to Rico; among mountaineers, migrants, Negroes, industrial der the FERA will be assigned a General Convention held in Phil- groups, Orientals, Indians, Eski- tract of 40 acres of improved adelphia September 27, to October 7, 1785. mo and Spanish-speaking Amer- land and a house. The site is icans. They operate hospitals, 125 miles north of the port of -The Living Church. Seward, on the Alaska railway.

[ 307]

It is estimated that this valley Only eleven groups contain more Mission Exhibit Dividends of 128,000 acres will accommo- than a thousand adherents, the remaining 383 having only a A recent mission exhibit in date 850 additional families on Ottawa disproves the idea that the basis of 40 acre tracts. dozen or two. These minor sects grow at the expense of the larger such methods have had their Since the Presbyterian Church ones, and multiply most rapidly day. The younger Episcopal in the U. S. A. has accepted re- when the parent group becomes sponsibility for this area, it is clergy of the diocese of Ottawa spiritually weak. sponsored this display. Work prepared to care for the reli- -Christian Advocate. gious welfare of these new com- among Canadian Indians, the munities. Rev. B. J. Bingle, Eskimo, and work in China, Jawho has carried on an itinerant extension work in the Matanus- New York's Indians pan, India and Palestine was . represented. Missionaries were ka Valley and is familiar with the conditions, has offered his The Cattaraugus Indian Res- present and gave frequent adservices to the Board for a min- dresses, telling about the work in ervation, some thirty miles from istry to the new families, and he Buffalo, is approximately twelve which they Were engaged. The will be on the ground ready to miles long and five miles wide. building was crowded every aftwelcome them. Arrangements ernoon and evening during the It has a population of 1,500 Senare being made to erect a house eca and Cayuga Indians. The week. After paying all expenses of worship as soon as a suitable Thomas Indian School at Irosite has been designated. a substantial balance was left quois, which is state supported, over to be devoted to the mis- has an enrollment of more than sionary work of the church. 225 orphan and needy children -The Living Church.

To Relieve Tension from the six reservations in the LATIN AMERICA state. A bus service takes 40 Senator Thomas, of Utah, has Indian boys and girls to the New Objectives in Mexico High School at Gowando. a plan, not yet proposed as a Baptist, Presbyterian and In March a conference of edu- definite measure, that there be Methodist Episcopal churches cational leaders and Board Sec- an interchange of American and have united in a program of retaries was convened in Coy- ministry to these Indians, in- oacan, Mexico, to study the Japanese students on a large scale. As Senator Thomas points cluding home visitation, daily whole educational problem in the vacation Bible schools, young light of shifting conditions. A out, students have been coming from the Far East for a number people's conferences, week-day new line of advance was suggest- religious training, social activi- ed and a new policy formulated, of years, but comparatively few Americans. have been studying ties, welfare work and related involving social centers and hos- in the Orient. He believes that enterprises. There are also a tels as substitutes for the tradi- the Japanese universities would Ladies' Aid, Red Cross Society tional evangelical. qay school, provide excellent opportunities and Girl Scout organizations. now made practically obsolete for graduate work. Ten thou- There is a fine relationship be- under the new legislation; in- sand exchange students could be tween the Indians and their tensive promotion of Christian financed for the price of a single education in the, home and the battleship. . white neighbors. -The Christian Advocate. church, and the preparation and -Presbyterian Tribune. pUblication of abundant and ade- The Multitude of Sects "The People's Friend" quate Christian literature. Lay leadership training, parent In a' recent newspaper an- For over twenty' years the training and more literature in nouncement of Sunday services above announcement has ap- the homes were recognized as in New York, Hindu cults out- peared on the bulletin board of foremost needs. numbered Methodist services ad- the San Antonio Mexican Chris- -World Sunday School News. vertised. It is believed that for tian Institute. There are now every religious group which advertises in the press, there are approximately forty' thousand Disaster Turned to Account ten which meet in private, in hotels, halls and apartments. Mexican people, either immi- This is the case not only in New grants or families of Mexican In Mazatlan, Mexico, the Mex- York, but in Chicago, San Fran- extraction, living in the Insti- ican Congregational pastor was cisco and London. All this is in- tute's area. Through its clinic denied the right to preach bedicative of the present confusion and health service, about 100,000 cause the quota of clergy alin religious thinking. The speed people have been helped in these lowed to the state was already with which these cults come and twenty years. Home life has full. His church had been satisgo is most significant. Since been improved, living condi- fied with the regular routine of 1925 no less than 214 new reli- tions have been transformed; public worship, with hardly any gious sects have arisen in Ham- every activity is impregnated interest in social service activiburg, Germany, and 123 of those with the Christian message and ties. This recent restriction sudthen existing have disappeared. ideal. The Institute has, indeed, denly waked up the congrega- tion, and in cooperation with the been "the people's friend." -World Call. pastor (acting as a layman) in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a program for social action, they when one considers the handicap children attracted many to are serving the community more which some are under in not being church. Through the children effectively than when their priv- able to read English. There are so adults were won, and a virile ileges were intact. For church few books in Hindustani. One of the work grew up. Young converts services they have joined with men bought a copy of Tarbell's Sun- became keen evangelists and visthe Baptists, whose pastor has a day School Lessons at the beginning ited neighboring villages, in permit to officiate. of the year. I knew he could nO't read many of which groups of Chris- a word O'f English and asked him tians formed. Opposition is not -Missionary Herald. what he would do with it. He replied so open as it was twenty-five that he would have his little boy read years ago, but petty persecution At Guatemala's National Fair it to him each day. During the year is persistent. Thousands of peo- ple are tired of Rome, and un- Guatemala's annual fair in some have come to us from Hinduism, fortunately many of them have November, 1934, gave a splendid turned to atheism, socialism or opportunity to present the Bible and are giving good account of them- spiritualism. to the people. This fair is at- selves. tended by open-minded people -The Christian. who accept everything that is -United Chur,ch Record. offered in a friendly spirit. A EUROPE booth was secured in a good loca- Brazil ForWard Movement tion, expenses were provided lo- Religious Film Society cally, missionaries cooperated A committee to carry out a with enthusiasm. There was also two-year program of spiritual A new organization in Great an Indian helper who had had development along the lines of Britain called "Guilds of Light" experience in bookstand work. the Forward Movement was ap- acts as advisory body to all He had his daughter with him, pointed at the 37th annual Coun- Christian agencies anxious to exin Indian costume. She had cil of Southern Brazil. Statis- periment in the use of the movbeen taught to play the organ. tical reports show gratifying in- ing picture for Christian ends. This in itself drew many people creases in the number of public It has founded the Religious to listen, as it is unusual that an services, in the total number of Film Society, whose work is Indian woman should do any- communicants, in the number of thing but grind corn, do the pupils in the day schools, and 1. The collection of all possible incooking and care for the chil- also a slight increase in total re- formation likely to be of value to anydren. ceipts in Brazilian currency. one desirO'us of experimenting with Many bought copies of the A committee appointed a year the film as a Christian implement. Bible or Testaments; portions ago to study the question of selfand hundreds of Gospel tracts support had reported the follow- 2. The stocking, exhibiting and hirwere given out to all classes of ing recommendations: ing of the types of projector and other people. Cultured business men apparatus most likely to be satisfacstood in astonishment, listening 1. That the self-supporting parish- tory in the hands of the amateur exto words of wisdom from the lips es maintain their contributiO'ns made hibitor. of the Indian brother, or from up to' the present time for the supa plain-looking student. The sale port of the clergy; 3. The production frO'm time to of Bibles was larger than for time as funds permitted, of specially many years. 2. That the congregations nO't yet written films which would be avail- self-supporting increase their contri- able on easy terms to all members of -Bible Society Record. butions toward the supPO'rt of the the Society. clergy accO'rding to a sliding scale. High Standards in Trinidad The scale includes every missiO'n in Two of the Society's films have the district; already been exhibited, "Master- Rev~ D. R. Macintosh, a work- ship" and Inasmuch" ; while er for the United Church in Can- 3. That each parish in additiO'n to' "David Livingstone" is being ada, writes from Princetown, these contributions pay the 7~ per prepared. Trinidad: cent due the Pension Fund; -Religious Tract Society. I was surprised to find the work of 4. That in every parish, cO'ngregathe church in Trinidad so well or- tion O'r missiO'n, there be created and Paris Three-Day "Mission" ganized, and am much impressed with intensified the spirit of general coopthe high standards of the schools. eratiO'n in the wO'rk O'f the Church, In the Latin Quarter of Paris Our mission schools stand high in and that the members be taught to' a three-day "mission" in Jangrading among the schools of the col- contribute liberally toward the sup- uary attracted large numbers of ony, in agricultural work they come PO'rt of the clergy as a means nO't listeners. The speakers-Charles first. One of the schools in this field only of hastening the independence of Westphal, W. A. Visser 't Hooft, holds the record, having taken first the Church but also of stabilizing its Pierre Maury-presented three place for the third year in succession establishment in Brazil. subjects: Existence de Jesusin 1933. Christ; Humanite de Jesus- -The Living Church. Christ; Devinite de Jesus-Christ. I never cease to wonder at the fit- Students in the Latin Quarter ness of 50' many O'f O'ur native preach- The Argentine Field have come to expect the missions ers for their work. They have surely of the French Student Christian made the most O'f the O'Pportunities Facts about the work in Ar- Movement which have been held gentina were brought out at the each winter for three years. The annual meeting of the Evangel- meetings were attended by in- ical Union of South America, held in London. An account was given of the establishment of a church in a small inland town, where first results were 'very meager, but the work of a Bible teacher at open-air services for

creasing numbers during the long history I know no single AFRICA three days – a heterogeneous moment that approaches the New Film Project group of foreign students, Stu- present in its terrible serious- dent Christian Movement mem- ness." What promises to be a valu- bers, communists and many Ro- He concludes his article with man Catholics. All participated able film project is to be under- in the discussions. Perhaps the the following words: "We dare greatest lesson which the organ- not expect too much from men. taken in Africa by the Depart- izers of the mission have learned There is only one thing that we is that students are eager to find can do and that is, to appeal to ment of Social and Industrial out about the central truths of all our friends in all the world the Christian faith, and that to pray to God with us. He can Research and Counsel of the In- therefore it is much less neces- help. He has proved this often. sary than generally is believed to He can turn his severest extrem- ternational Missionary Council. spend large amounts of time and ity of German missions into energy on the preliminary or in- blessing. Therefore let us pray. It IS proposed to establish an extroductory subjects, to which in The danger has reached its peak. previous missions a rather con- Let all help that can!" perimental film-producing studio siderable amount of attention had been given. The missionary societies of at Vuguri, Tanganyika Terri- Germany are joined in a general lntercollegian and association known as the Ger- tory, where both instructional Far Horizons. man Evangelical Missionary Diet. In 524 stations they have and recreational films, based on In Old Castile 1,586 European workers, and 10,951 paid helpers. They care African life, with African ac- Valladolid, at one time the for 1,225,792 native Christians capital of Spain and famous in and 67,000 inquirers. They con- tors, will be made. . These films history as the place where Fer- duct 3,982 grade schools and 109 dinand and Isabella were mar- higher schools with 250,000 pu- will then be exhibited to native ried, Columbus died in poverty, pils. They maintain 31 hospitals and Phillip II was born, is now with 37 physicians. audiences over a wide area in a city of about 100,000. Rev. F. H. Grey was given permission to Protestant Movement in Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, hold an eight-day mission in this center of Spain's Reformation, Austria Kenya and Tanganyika. The obwhere many perished in the Inquisition. He writes in the It is reported from the Bureau ject of the scheme is to find out Latin American Evangelist: of Interchurch Aid, Edinburgh, that about 80,000 Austrians are how the African can be helped We had sought to prepare the preparing to leave Catholicism, ground by special prayer and the dis- in addition to the 22,000 who by means of the film to adapt tribution of 4,000 invitations, this lat- have already joined Protestant ter being zealously taken up by the churches. This is in the face of himself to the new ideas, morals, young men of the congregation. From many handicaps. A Roman Caththe beginning we felt conscious of the olic has twice as much opportu- customs and laws, according to power and working of the Holy Spir- nity for employment as a Prot- which his life has more and more to be ordered; and to introduce him to the best of these before his morals and his tastes are corrupted by less desirable films.

The whole project will be worked with the close cooperation of missionary, anthropological and government specialists, and will, it is hoped, prove to be of great value to all who are working for the welfare of the native in Af- i rica.

The scheme, which will re': quire from 18 months to two years to complete, has been made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Foundation.

it in our midst. Notwithstanding the estant and has no church tax to Changes in Seventy Years political unrest and fear as to the pay. Protestant churches are future which followed in the wake of the Revolution, the attendance at the self-supporting. The movement, Seventy years ago in what is meetings was very good, and the results were a real spiritual uplift for which was at first from all class- now the Diocese of the Niger, es of urban population, is now where Bishop Crowther began the believers, quite a number of souls spreading out in the country work, there were no churches or brought under the sound of the Word, some for the first time, and deeply im- among the farmers. It was pe- schools. To become a Christian pressed, and, finally, some led to a nalized by Dollfus and still is. then was to face the risk of persaving knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ. Those leaving the Church of secution, even martyrdom. To- Rome are ordered to be medi- day, as the result of C. M. S.

Present State of German cally examined as to their sanity. work in the diocese, there are Missions Ministers have been fined for 1,285 churches and 620 schools writing about Protestant opinion with an enrolment of 33,000 p.u- Prof. Martin Schlunk of Tii- of history or even for explaining pils. Scores of towns and vilbingen says in· an introductory Protestant doctrine. When giv- lages are still unevangelized, and article in the Neue Allg. Mis- ing religious instruction to con- wherever new openings are sionszeitschrift concerning the verts they are put under police made there is a ready response condition of the German mis- supervision. Yet the movement to the Gospel. In the Nsukka sions, "German missions are in mounts ever higher. district, where pioneer work be- the utmost peril and in their -Sunday-School Times. gan only some six years ago,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

there are now forty-five church- stage of development, the prom- and the American Board. Aces with an average attendance cordingly, a joint visit was made on Sunday of 4,000 people, and inence is given to subjects con- in November by representatives the life of the district is being of the two societies, and of the changed. In the Nupe district nected with home building. At Syrian Church. The deputation of Northern Nigeria, which has was impressed with the urgent been a hard and somewhat bar- the L. M. S. School in Tiger need, but reported one encourren field, the past year has wit- aging piece of work. At Kamnessed a record number of bap- Kloof girls have the choice of ishli a church building has been tisms (fifty in all) and also the erected largely as a result of the ordination of Mr. D. T. Sheshi, a four distinct courses: teacher efforts of the local community. native of Bida. He was the first This church was dedicated while convert from Islam through the t r a i n i n g; secondary school; the deputation was present, in a work of the C. M. S. in this area. service conducted in four lan- spinning and weaving; indus- guages, Armenian, Turkish, Ar- -The Life of Faith. abic and Syriac. trial, comprising domestic sci- Chieftain Finds the Way Syrian is becoming more and ence and needlework. Each more conscious of the needs of Sekulu Malenga was a chief- the rural areas. Village welfare tain who had an important part course requires three years' projects were conducted during in the development of the Ga- the summer by the American langue Mission as teacher and study. Personal and community University of Beirut and the adviser of the missionaries in Junior College for Women; but things relating to the country, hygiene are emphasized through- as yet not much has been done language and tribal customs. to meet the religious and evan- He died not long ago at the age out the course. One of the chief gelistic needs of rural areas. of ninety-seven, and just before The Presbyterian Mission is his death he said to the mission- needs of the African girl is to studying the problem, with a ary, Mr. McDowell: view to making it one of its aims know how to use her leisure in the future. I am an old man. I have held my children's children's children. I am wisely. When she leaves school -Near East Christian now tired. In myoId age I have Council News. been blessed: with new friends and and goes back to her home there acquaintances, principally the Lord Palestine's Mission to Jews Jesus, the child of the Great Chief. are often hours a day when she I go to Him and to my fathers with The Church Mission to Jews ill-will toward no man. My going is is left to her own devices. "Way- in Palestine lays the chief emno mystery. Rid of this tired body phasis upon follow-up work with and face to face with my Saviour and faring" (Native Girl Guides) is the individuals who seem of in the presence of the great Elders of most promise. The work of one the people, from Sekulu, Moses and one of the ways that Tige:r: Kloof individual with those who are Joshua on down to the present time, really seeking the truth is held I hope to be able to think more clear- is trying to meet this need. The to be of more permanent value ly and help to a larger degree my than the crowded program of a friends and children. industrial girl with her knowl- large staff of workers. The hos- pital in Jerusalem attracts a Sekulu became a Christian edge of crafts is an invaluable large ilUmber of Jews, and there about seven years ago. At that are vast opportunities for reachtime he held a large audience help in "Wayfarer" work in dis- ing the whole Jewish population. spellbound with the story of his The mission center is on the outsearch for life. He ended with tant places. For eighteen years skirts of Tel-Aviv, with its purethis statement: ly Jewish population – about about six Christ – consecrated 85,000. There are many indi- Today I join the caravan of a vidual Jews and J ewesses living great Leader, and I trust Him to girls pass out of the school each in Tel-Aviv who are definitely lead me to a just settlement of all seekers after truth, and some problems. The little that I have al- year. -The Chronicle. who are very open to Christian ready heard and understood of His influence. The task of the misway of life gives me enough to make Afrikaans Bible Sales sionary is to find them out and a start, and no caravan leader ex- to keep in touch with them. plains the whole trip at its beginning. Although it is only a year For these many years I sought after since the Bible was translated A new development is recordsomething, I knew not what. Now into Afrikaans, over 250,000 ed among Jews in Bagdad. An I have found it. copies have been sold in South ordained Hebrew Christian has Africa. As many as 10,000 Bi- gone there in the dual capacity -Missionary Herald. bles were bought in a single week. About 2'50,000 other peo- Girls at Tiger Kloof ple of the erstwhile Dark Con- tinent will be benefited when the Higher education for African translation of the whole Bible girls is, as yet, the privilege of into Bavenda is completed. For the very few. In their present the last fourteen years the Ba- venda, a tribe of northern Trans- vaal, have had to be content with the Psalms and New Testament.

-The Christian Advocate.

WESTERN ASIA Syria's Needs In recent years, new commu- nities have sprung up rapidly in northeastern Syria. These are very inadequately occupied in the missionary sense. At a meet- ing of the United Missionary Council of Syria and Palestine in Beirut, it was urged that this territory be made a field for united effort, especially on the part of the Presbyterian Mission

of pastor to an Arabic-speaking said: "Perhaps you would like to expense until its industrial pro- Christian congregation, and mis- know why I am a Christian?" They duction justified it. Dakhina, sionary to the 80,000 Jews living signif}.ed yes, and I said: "First of quick to grasp this principle, in there. He has a difficult piece of all, of course, I was born into a Chris- spite of his priestly caste, depioneer work to tackle, which tian home. But while still a boy I cided to learn the dignity of will make a heavy demand on knew little about Christ until I start- manual work. He also learned his patience, pluck and tact. ed to read the Gospels myself. Then the wonders of God's grace, and I discovered that Jesus Himself said, now prays that in spite of Hindu -Near East Christian 'I am the Bread of Life: I am the wife and relatives he will be bold Council News. Living Water. I am the Light of the enough in his belief in the Lord world. I am the Way, the Truth and Jesus as his Saviour, to testify Persia Now "Iran" the Life. I am the Resurrection and to it through baptism. Other the Life.''' Certainly they would Hindus hav~ followed, some have Another change in geograph- agree that no man could live without been baptized. ical names went into effect these things. To this they nodded March 22d, when Persia became assent, and I said further that since From various missions and officially known as Iran – its I had found Jesus as Saviour and distant parts of India, many Inorginal name. It links its people Lord, there had been peace and joy dian Christian young men, of racially and historically with the and satisfaction in my life. There ages varying from 17 to 25, and ancient Aryans. This is merely followed long dissertations from va- often outcaste from industry or an instance of nationalistic sen- rious ones, some of which I did not dependent on missions, were setiment, as by no means all Per- fully understand. They were attempt- lected as students. Many have sians are Aryans. Out of 10,- ing to show that all the prophets be- learned not only to be self-sup- 000;000 people fully 3,000,000 came in reality all that Jesus claimed porting but, being grounded in are nomads of uncertain racial as to the way, the truth, water, life, the Word by means of the threeorIgm. Hundreds of thousands etc. They said that of course there year systematic Bible course, of Jews live here. Many other were some things that they did not and in prayerful dependence on people are of distant Mongolian believe about Jesus, for instance that God, have started out to become origin. Nobody knows definitely He died and was raised again from "Young Pauls." Some have whence came the nearly 1,000,- the dead. I replied: "Of course, saved their earnings and set up 000 wild mountain tribes known every book m.ust bear its own witness. small work shops in their own as Kurds. But by whatever We Christians believe Jesus did rise districts. -Life of Faith.· name it is called, its missionary from. the dead because of the witness needs remain unchanged. Of its of the Gospels and the Apostle Paul." Week of Evangelism 10,000,000 people less than 65,- I told them what the Apostle Paul 000 are Christians. The only wrote in 1 Corinthians 15. Then I Christian forces in Mid-India agencies at work are the Amer- said, "But not alone from this wit- united in a week of evangelism ican missionary societies of the ness do we believe Jesus arose and March 11-18. "Every member a Lutheran, Presbyterian and Sev- is living. We have the witness of our witness for the Lord Jesus" was enth Day Adventists, and the own hearts, and the experience of the the ideal kept in mind. English Church Missionary So- Holy Spirit, and His love and peace. ciety. The entire Protestant For these reasons we believe that He Methods suggested by the Rev. membership is less. than 4,000, arose from the dead and is living." G. H. Singh, Honorary Director with 2,000 of them Presbyteri- I had carried with me a copy of each of Church-Centered Evangelism ans. The ~omanCatholics have of the Gospels, one of Acts, and a for Mid-India, included the folmore than 60,000 communicants. copy of the Psalms. I said to them, lowing:- "I have some copies of the Engil with -Missions. me. Perhaps you would like to see 1. Christians testify, teach and them and have them." They signified work among their own relatives. With Afghan Mull~hs yes, and I drew them..from my pock- et. The musktihid raised them in both 2. Efforts be confined to a single Rev. J. Mark Irwin of Meshed hands to his forehead, and then sat group or caste. describes an opportunity which there holding them with a show of came to him on a recent visit to great reverence. Soon they were in 3. Use of newly-prepared drama on Afghanistan. He asked permis- the hands of the others and they were life of Venkaya, famous robber chief sion of the governor for a visit all looking at them, and reading them of South India, available from Miswith the leading Mohammedan as the conversation continued. sion Press, Jubbulpore, for 2 annas. ecclesiastics. The governor cordially arranged this. Mr. Irwin INDIA AND BURMA 4. Prayer, undergirding the work writes in the Presbyterian: every step of the way. Industry and Evangelism At ten o'clock we were taken to the 5. Thorough preparation prior to government headquarters, and there Ten years ago Edwin Law- March 11. seated around a great table were rence, a young engineer who some ten or more mullahs, with the 6. Work continued for 12 months chief of Foreign Affairs and several held an appointment in India, of the year, fostered by a special comother men. At first I drew a deep mittee appointed at next meeting of breath and thought, 'Now what shall was led to found a new type of the Church Council. I say?" After formal greetings, I service which he named the "In- -The Indian Witness.. dia Industrial Mission," and lo- cated in a vacant mission prop- Floating Hospitals for Bathers erty at Cossipore, Calcutta. The first to join the Mission was a Hindus of India every 27 Brahman, who came looking for years observe a religious festi- on office position, but learned val, of which one feature is a that India sorely needed produc- pilgrimage to the sacred Ganges tion workers, and that this Mis- sion had no funds for overhead

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

River for a ceremonial bath of crisis has brought it about, that and methods of thought. About much work has already had to a dozen native Christians joined puri'fication. The year 1935 be given up even in the Danish the missionary and rendered val- Mission, which has had less to uable service. brought a recurrence of the fes- suffer than others. The other festival was at tival, which took place on Feb- Sangli Ohurch Life Courtallam, where thousands of pilgrims gather to bathe in the ruary 3d. More than 750,000 Sangli, in the Krishna River large waterfall. The people, valley, is the center of many however, were very indifferent, pilgrims invaded Calcutta, tax- enterprises. Willingdon Col- and many said, "Your religion lege, with its 350 students, two is not for us." ing its over-night lodging facili- boys' high schools, a newly- founded girls' high school and -The Christian. ties to the utmost. All along the many primary schools make it an educational and cultural Outcaste Wins a Brahman 1,500 miles of river millions of center. Through the American Presbyterian Industrial and Mr. Pickett, author of Mass others gathered for the same Agricultural School which dates Movements in India, tells this from 1884, Sangli is a pioneer incident: purpose so that the British Gov- in village uplift and rural recon- struction. Within 20 years it . While touring in South India I ernment was gravely concerned has become a center of light for talked with an educated Christian depressed classes. To pursue all Telegu, formerly a Brahman, and over possible epidemics in Cal- these lines of service, the station asked him how he came to accept force last year numbered fifty; Christianity. He replied: "Because cutta from the influx of throngs one ordained and four unor- of a most marvelous personality dained viII age evangelists, whom I met." He went on to tell of pilgrims. Floating hospitals thirty-one teachers, five Bible- how he had been traveling with a women, two colporteurs and gentleman, an Indian, whose convercarrying large quantities of dis- seven missionaries. Within that sation and manner were so cultured year the Central Church has and interesting that he had spent infectants circulated among the been able not only to meet every with him three of the most deligl;ttful obligation, including the pastor's hours of his life. He asked this acbathers. -Missions. salary, but to open a free library quaintance on the train what caste on the Mission compound, to buy he came from. He could hardly cred- Tamil Missions instruments for the singing it his statement that he had been an band, and to supply fuel and oil outcaste. The first speaker said he The veteran missionary of to 30 students attending the five- could not get away from this fact, the Danish Missionary Society, day Bible Institute which was and in the end bought a New Testa- Knud Heiberg, reports in the sponsored and financed entirely ment and studied it. He said the Dansk Missionsblad that condi- by the Sangli Church, with some mystery was explained, "I understood tions in South India are becom- help from the village churches. the power that could transform a life, ing more and more difficult for The Mission had no responsi- and I too accepted Christ as my Savmany of the older missions. The bility except friendly coopera- iour. I hunted up my friend of the Americans have been compelled tion on the part of the mission- train and asked him to baptize me." to retrench increasingly and the aries in Sangli. The Women's German missions are in a pitiful Society is a going concern. It -World Call. state since the German Govern- maintains five Bible classes. ment is preventing the sending Mass Marriage of Infants out of monies. He says that -Western India Notes. what makes the matter all the Their childish eyes bewildered more difficult, is that those in PTeaching at Festivals and their bare feet chafing the India can not obtain clear an- grass, 374 infant couples were swers from their country or Two Brethren missionaries married March 31 in North their boards on the real condi- have recently preached the Gos- Bombay Presidency. It was the tions. pel at two large heathen festi- largest mass child marriage cer- vals. The first was held near emony held in India in many The Tamil Evangelical Luther- Christianpettah, where the god years. Some brides and bridean Church has given almost all worshiped is supposed to be an grooms were mere infants in its workers notice of dismissal incarnation of Krishna. Mostly arms; some were small children. by May 31, and the conditions low-caste people worship at this Many babies, too small to walk, will doubtless force the German temple. The evangelists had to slept in the arms of their elders. missionaries to give up their put up with plenty of noise and Others gurgled happily at the fields of work, unless a change smoke, but they learned a great booming of gun salutes which comes before that time. One deal more of the native customs were a part of the ceremony. German mission which he knows Young bridegrooms arrived in was in this predicament-in decorated bullock carts and were January it received an amount carried before the priests. Many of 80 rupees, while its budget were not old enough to have required more than 3,000 month- even an inkling of what was takly. ing place. All the tiny couples There are some who have great ideas of having the Indian Church continue the work without the help of the older churches. But the time has by no means arrived, and even if there are parts of the work which the Indian Church can undertake in places where the branches have taken deeper roots, the present

then united in a feast, in which Christianity. The prevailing at- tives and backers of one's own the parents joined. titude of the vast bulk of Chi- clique. nese is complete indifference. -New York Times. Among the more educated class- -China Weekly Review. es Christianity is viewed as a Meet the Missionary! foreign importation, an alien, Effective Bravery cultural invasion. There is the Rev. C. E. Chaney, field secre- Communistic attitude which de- Dangiong, Fukien, is in a distary for the Baptist Mission in clares Christianity to be a form trict much troubled by bandits, Burma, after a tour in the Chin of economic imperialism and who make frequent raids on any Hills district, writes in the which condemns it, as it does all unguarded place, burning, loot- Watchman-Examiner: religio"n, as a deadly drug. The ing and killing. As the bandits typical attitude of the young had shown a certain degree of On arrival at Haka various ones Chinese today is that of the ag- respect for the Christian church came to meet us and shake hands nostic or secularist. and its workers, Christians in with us. One was a blind Christian Dangiong sent their valuables to who had heard of the visiting mis- -The Churchman. the church for safety. The sionary and had walked 100 miles bandits heard of this, and choosjust to shake hands. Two preachers The Best Governed Province ing a time when they knew the walked 25 miles to meet the visitor Bible woman was alone at the from the south. One evening I saw In a recent survey of condi- church house, they planned a the shadow of a man on the veranda. tions in China, Dr. Sherwood raid. The Bible woman, suspect- He was slipping away. I called my Eddy reports that of all the ing their intentions, had already companion's attention to him and provinces he visited Szechuen is persuaded the Christians to rewent to speak to him. He had walked the richest but worst governed, move their belongings. Then over 30 miles, and had, unknown to while Kwangsi is the poorest but she put a notice on the church us, been waiting a long time to see the best governed. Here the door saying: "If you want to the visitors. He was too timid to work of Dr. James Yen and the come and search the church, intrude. During the past 35 years National Economic Council was knock and I will open the doors. great changes have taken place in almost complete operation. Don't break down the doors." among the Chins. Every school is in process of de- The second night that she was veloping into a community cen- alone the bandits came, shouting It was my privilege to meet the and battering the doors. She first Chin convert, baptized in 1905, ter, is designed to include the quickly opened them and asked who is now a pastor in the hills. whole community in a scheme of the men not to destroy the There are fully 3,000 baptized Chris- practical education, which aims church, for there was nothing of tians, and nearly 500 came into the material value there. Quietly church this past year. at the reconstruction of all life. talking, she made the bandits But while Dr. Yen's work is quiet. They searched the place, CHINA deeply important and hopeful, and finding nothing, withdrew without a single exception his quietly; the brave woman then Christianity in Last Decade projects are being opposed open- fastened the doors and praised ly or secretly by the beneficiaries the Lord. -C. M. S. Outlook. Prof. James T. Addison of the of the old order, especially the old officials, fighting to keep Gospel Bands in Fukien Episcopal Theological School, their own selfish profit, privilege and prestige. Special meetings in Fukien Cambridge, believes that while Province led to the formation of Dr. Eddy suggested to Gen- 120 gospel bands. These volun- Christianity in China suffered a eral Chiang Kai-shek that China teer teams have won large num- needed not only new men but a bers to the Kingdom. Rev. Leonsetback during the Nationalist new system beginning with a ard Christian tells the story of fivefold program. 1. To have two members of a team. They Movement of 1925-1928, it really only a few laws but enforce were working in a suburb and in them; to protect the peasants each of four instances when they benefited by the trials of those from extortionate taxation; and had brought persons to the point to adequately pay officials so of becoming learners, a man years. A winnowing of weaker they will have no excuse for with much influence there undid squeezing, as in the efficient cus- all their work and turned people and half-hearted members took toms service. 2. To budget, against them. Praying for guid- audit and publish all accounts. ance, they were led to go in perplace and the gl-eat majority who 3. To promptly and surely pun- son to this man and explain the ish. all offenders. 4. To reward Gospel. Taking literature and remained loyal were strength- the honest and efficient. 5. Equal hymns and all the courage they impartial justice to all, without possessed, they came away raened in their faith. The Nation- protecting or promoting unwor- diant, for the man, and his son thy officials or incompetent relaalist Movement served to accel- erate a movement towards fur- ther placing of responsibility for the Chinese Church upon native shoulders and towards develop- ing a trul.y indigenous Christianity. .

The other salient feature in history of Christianity in China during the last 10 years has been the efforts towards union among mission bodies. One-third of the Protestant communicants now belong to the Church of Christ in China.

Dr. Addison names four distinct attitudes apparent towards

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

also, enrolled themselves as Most of these have gone back to the past year Rev. Song Sang learners before the afternoon their villages and started some- Suk has been giving one half his was over. thing-a Sunday school, a Bible time to special temperance work.

-Missionary Herald. Class, a Reading Circle, a Rec- Last June he staged and man- reational Center or a Better- aged a great temperance parade JAPAN Farming Lecture Course. in Pyengyang City where 5,000 "Golden Castle" School These Peasant Gospel Schools, people marched with banners however, have only touched the and flags through the city and some tens of thousands of sheet This (Southern) Presbyterian fringe of the problem. tracts were given out. He has school opened in Nagoya with made a point of urging that oraonly three students. To the gen- -Intercollegian and torical contests and essay writeral public it was just an insig- Far Horizons. ing contests on temperance be nificant part of the Jesus reli- held in all schools of higher gion. Forty-six years have Kyoto Episcopal Mission grade; out of this an interest passed and today it stands with has developed among students. complete internal organization In a crowded section of Kyoto, and full external recognition, a Strenuous ProgTams Girls' Junior College. where most of the people are en- gaged in silk weaving, the Epis- With an expenditure of $30 At present there are about twelve students of Chosen Chris- 1500 graduates of the school. copal Church maintains a center tian College were sent out to six These are scattered as far as of work, both through the spok- of Korea's 13 provinces, two Korea and Manchuria, and even men to each, during the summer to America and England. Among en word and through practical of 1934. These men visited 17 them are wives helping their help given to the everyday life different places and did work in husbands, mothers bringing up 29 separate churches from 10 to their children, consecrated evan- of the people. Its small and in- 24 days at a place, a total of 105 gelists of the Gospel of Christ expensive building is wholly in- days, which made the work cost teachers in kindergartens and about 30 cents per day. In these girls schools, employees in banks sufficient for the need. The meetings they taught a total of and business houses. All of them church is always crowded. A 10,201 children in the day time; are adding to the school's repute. kindergarten, night school, boys' and preached to a total of 22,881 Of those originally connected persons in the evenings. The with the school, only an old fir and girls' clubs, a reading room program was intended to include tree remains. It was planted by the teaching of language, arith- Mrs. Randolph, the founder. and a summer camp for 50 chil- metic, geography, singing, story dren are some of the activities. telling and Bible, to boys and -Presbyterian Survey. girls in the day time, and a pop- Japanese doctors and nurses ular night meeting for adults. Rural Advances In most cases, the men, ashamed carryon a clinic, and if you to let down the reputation of the In spite of rapid industrializa- college or to admit their own intion, 47% of Japan's population should happen to be in the ability, worked in the wee hours is still rural. One of the most of the night and attempted to significant accomplishments of church when Dr. Fujino, a ves- oblige these eager, expectant the Kingdom of God Movement folk. The men of the village has been its pioneering in this tryman in Kyoto, arrives to be- gathered in their room after the field. It adopted the strategy of evening services to talk until trying to capture the nation's al- gin the clinic, you will see him midnight and the children were most 12,000 villages by evangel- knocking on their doors by dayizing and training potential vil- first of all kneel at the altar to light the next morning eager to lage lay leaders. One hundred begin the day's work. short – term Peasant G 0 s pel ask God's blessing on what he Schools have been held in twen- has come to do. . -Korean Mission Field. ty-five prefectures, either under the direct auspices of the move- Much of the cost of this work ment or with its assistance. Each is supplied by a group of fifty Japanese patrons, each of whom contributes the equivalent of $15 American currency a year.

-The Living Church.

Temperance Movement in Korea All Christian churches of Ko- rea are temperance organiza- tions. No one having anything to do with liquor as maker, sell- er, distributor' or user can be a member of any of cthheurcchhuwrcohreks~ but until recently of these schools has gathered ers have been so busy winning ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC some twenty or twenty-five believers and creating their young men and women from as churches that they have not felt Jubilee in Papua many villages and given them a that they had the time or energy Sixty years ago, on November week or ten days of intensive to give to temperance work for 21, 1875, William G. Lawes, with training for Christian leadership nonbelievers. The W. C. T. U. his wife and small son, landed in in their respective villages. Over has been at work for years, but Port Moresby, New Guinea, the 2,000 rural young people have it was felt there should be a man first Europeans to make a home been enrolled in these schools. to lead in this movement. For in that savage land. They came

in the John Williams as mission- over 300 is now over 3,000, with Common Faith, a religion with God aries of the London Missionary 900 adherents and more than left out, advocated in a college which Society. Now a strong Papuan 1,500 baptized children under was once a Puritan stronghold. church has been built up and twelve years of age. The school over 500 Papuan boys and girls of 33 boys has grown into 38 3. The resistance of seven thousand attend the Christian day school. schools with over 1,800 children, German evangelical pastors to Hitler's Today Port Moresby is the res- of whom about 1,600 are Chris- edicts. They declared: "Obedience to idence of the British Governor tians, and from a staff of two the present church government is dis- General and airplanes fly over teachers, there are now 91, all obedience to God." the land that was formerly only of whom are Christians. traversed on foot through dense 4. German Catholics making com- jungles while war canoes plied -Malaysia Message. mon cause with German Protestants the bays and rivers. in defense of their faith.

Early Days in Borneo 5. The activity of the National Con- ference of Jews and Christians in the Just after the B()xer uprising United States. when 16,000 Christians became Hurricane in Cook Islands 6. Declarations by thousands of martyrs, a Christian Methodist '. Protestant ministers against a cruel of Foochow, a man of wealth competitive economic 0 r d e rand and education, decided to do as Raratonga, Cook Is., is asso- against war. the Pilgrim Fathers and seek a land of religious freedom. He ciated with John Williams and 7. A r(!emphasis of the importance found many willing to go, but his feat of building the Messen- of personal religion. where was the land? Like Abra- ger of Peace with no previous 8. The religious literature of 1934 ham he set out, not across the plains, but into the South Seas, shipbuilding knowledge and no shows a tendency away from the de- not knowing where he went. structive criticism which has long When he arrived in Singapore, ordinary shipbuilding materials been prevalent and toward a spiritual he was directed to Sarawak as or tools. Just as the London harmony. the land best suited for such an undertaking, where Raja Brooke Missionary Society was rejoic- owned 36,000,000 acres of good land. Here he met the Rajah, ing in a report of encouraging World Convention of C. E. who not only liked the scheme, but willingly gave land and mon- work done there, and plans for The ninth quadrennial World ey to charter a boat to bring the further improvement, a hurri- Convention of Christian En- colonists over. Then he returned deavor will be held in Budapest to China to get his men, and out cane brought crushing disaster. in August – postponed for one of the crowd he picked about The full extent of the damage is year because of conditions in five hundred men and twenty not yet known. The Mission Europe. The program will give . women, mostly Methodists, and equal recognition to three lan- put them on his chartered boat, House is far enough from the guages – Hungarian, German but sailing away from friends and English-and the speakers and home filled many with fear, sea to have escaped complete de- and conference leaders will be and they put in at Hong Kong. struction. The New Zealand chosen from every part of the It happened that Bishop Warne Government, which has the man- world. Budapest has been a was there on his way to Manila. strong center of Christian En- When he heard of this boatload date, will do all it can in relief deavor for many years. of Methodists on their way to measures, but cannot be expect- Borneo, he went to visit them, and when he saw how fearful ed to rebuild churches and hous- they were, he said, "Don't be es. Friends of the L. M. S. have afraid; I will go with you." He stayed ten days with them, or- subscribed £150, but much more ganized a church, and from this will be 'needed. band has grown a Christian community of more than 10,000. -The Chronicle. BapustS.S.Growth The small clearing in the jungle is now more than 200,000 acres MISCELLANEOUS At the close of 1934 the num- of cultivated land; five little ber of Baptist Sunday school chapels have developed into 46 Epochal Religious Events appointments; a membership of scholars throughout the world The only secular newspaper was advanced by nearly 1,200,- summary of the events of 1934 000. This includes an increase which touched the field of reli- of over a million in the Negro gion appeared in the Boston Transcript. Other pap e r s National Baptist Convention. printed necrologies, chronicles Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke attributes of disaster and crime, but none this large increase in Negro attempted to evaluate the trends scholars to the adoption of in religion except Dr. Dieffen- b:'tch who, in the Transcript, stricter statistical methods, since smgled out several religious a round figure of 1,500,000 pre- events which in his opinion are viously reported is replaced by a as epochal as those which very precise 2,588,834. There is marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modern times. a decrease of approximately Briefly they are: 11,000 in Europe, and this is ex- plained by the fall in Britan. 1. The admission of Russia, an atheist state, to the League of Na- Other continents show little tions. change, with the exception of South America, where last year's 2. John Dewey's Yale lectures, A total of 40,213 has increased to 45,250.

-Watchman-Examiner.

~'=~_ _ _ _—-"""""""~~='"

1 OUf Missionary Bookshelf I Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I i(i*,,======——-==-=—-==–=======–=-=====~~ , Good Books on Home Missions* tier in relation to its significance We Must March. Honore WiIlsie in church history and its influ- Morrow. William Morrow Co. $2.00. Prepared by the Office of Educa- ence in bringing into being the New York. tion and Publicity Board of distinctive characteristics of National Missions, Presby- American Christianity. Authentic narrative of Narcis- terian Church, U. S. A. sa Whitman, the first white Religious Backgrounds of American woman to cross the Rocky Moun- What do we ask of a reading Culture. Thomas C. Hale. 1930. tains, and the part she and her list? That it shall add to our Little, Brown & Co., Boston. $3.00. husband played in the early hisbody of information? That it tory of Oregon. shall illumine our study with the The author traces the course story of the lives of those whose of religious history from the How Marcus Whitman Saved Orecompulsion was and is: Woe is time of the English "dissenters," gon. Oliver W. Nixon. 1895. Star me, if I preach not the gospel? through the period of dissent in Publishing Co., Chicago. Out of That it shall provoke to a fur- New England and Virginia, print. ther study of the aspects of need, down to the present-day phases underlying problems, and recog- of religious interest. A biography of Marcus Whitnized trends to which a single man, with the interesting incivolume can serve only as an in- FRONTIERSMEN OF THE CHURCH dents of life among the Indians troduction? Brief as it is, it is and an account of Whitman's hoped that the following list The Life and Labors of Bishop Hare. part in the opening of the Northmeets these requirements. M. A. DeWolfe Howe. National west. Council of the Episcopal Church. THE CANVASS $1.00. Francis Asbury, the Prophet of the Long Road. Ezra Squier Tipple. The Epic of America. James Trus- Interesting account of one of 1916. Abingdon Press, Methodist low Adams. Little, Brown & Co., the foremost leaders and cham- Book Concern. $2.00. Boston. $2.50. Reprint 1934. p~ons of the Indians, the first Episcopal missionary bishop to Organizer, founder of schools, Narrative account of the go into South Dakota to labor and "faithful shepherd." growth of America, told through among the Dakotas. In his thirthe story of the most momen- ty-seven years of service he es- Vanguard of the Caravans. Coe tous episodes and the biogra- tablished church policies with Hayne. 1931. Judson Press, Philphies of outstanding leaders in relation to Indians which are adelphia. $1.00. their relation to the panorama still being carried out. of American life. Life story of John Mason Peter Cartwright: Pioneer. Helen Peck, Baptist missionary on the SPIRES AND STEEPLES Hardie Grant. 1931. Abingdon Illinois frontier who preceded Press, New York. $2.00. the covered wagon caravan The Religious Foundations of Amer- across the Mississippi River in ica. Charles L. Thompson. 1928. Life of a "great Methodist and 1817. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. a great man," a pioneer prairie $1.50. preacher responsible for keeping Jason Lee: Prophet of the New Ore- slavery out of Illinois and "hero gon. Cornelius J. Brossman. 1932. Story of the religious elements of many a picturesque affair in Macmillan Co., New York. $3.00. which like the members of dif- the early days of the state." ferent races have entered into Romantic, authentic story of the making of America with an Sheldon Jackson. Robert Laird Ste- the work of the first missionary account of their influence on the wart. 1908. Fleming H. Revell to enter the Oregon country. He national life. Co., New York. founded the first permanent American settlement although CHURCH AND NATION Biography of an outstanding other attempts had been made pioneer worker, a "foreign mis- without satisfactory result. The Frontier Spirit in American sionary" to the Choctaws, a pio- Christianity. Peter A. Mode. 1923. neer in western frontier service, Mary and I: Forty Years with the Macmillan Co., New York. $1.75. best known for his sacrificial de- Sioux. Stephen R. Riggs. 1887. votion to missions in Alaska. Congregational Sunday School and Study of the American fron- Publishing Society. Out of print.

* Suggested Reading List in "Toward a Fascinating account of the toils and sacrifices, joys and re- Christian America," by Hermann N. Morse. wards of a pioneer missionary Any of the books noted in these columns. and now obtainable, will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[317 ]

family which began and carried of the working out of this prin- While our attitude toward the forward mission work among ciple. Oriental is still flexible he recthe Dakota Indians. ommends bending it toward hu- Roving with the Migrants. Adela J. man unity and Christlike under,. THE GEOGRAPHY OF HOME Ballard. 1931. Council of Women standing. for Home Missions and Missionary MISSIONS Education Movement, New York. EVANGELISM Paper,50c. Home Missions Today and Tomor- TUrn to your own denomina- row: A Review and Forecast. Ed- The challenge of the migrants tion for books and leaflets pre- ited by Hermann N. Morse. 1934. came to the author through senting the "pageant of the tri- Home Missions Council, New York. work with them. In this brief umph in Christ." Paper, 75c. book she points out the need of the migrants for love to God and SOCIAL RELATIONS This summation of an inten- the need of the church for love sive study made by the Home for man. .Religion Lends a Hand. James Missions Council is a valuable Myers. 1929. Harper Brothers, source and reference book on the The Machine Age in the Hills. Mal- New York. $1.50. definition, interpretation, analy- colm Ross. 1933. The Macmillan sis, outlook, and forecast of the Company, New York. $2.00. Religion as a helper in social home missions task. progress is the theme developed. This book sets forth the prob- Investigation of the institutions HOME MISSIONS, THE CHILD OF lems of the isolated mountaineer in the United States which apply who in recent years has been this ideal furnishes authorita- . THE TIMES drawn by the wheels of industry tive illustrations. into the hazards of mining life The Challenge of Change-What Is and communities. God and the Census. Robert N. Mc- Happening in Home Missions. John Lean. 1931. Council of Women Milton Moore. 1931. Council of International Relations for Home Missions and Missionary Women for Home Missions and Mis- Education Movement, New York. sionary Education Movement, New Why Wars Must Cease. A Sympo- Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. York. Paper, 25c. sium edited by Rose Young. 1935. The Macmillan Company, New Looking beyond the figures of The author presents a wider York. $1.00. the census, the author presents scope for home missions than is the forces which cannot be tabucommonly held and challenges Arguments against war are lated, the spiritual realities of the church to build according to forcefully set forth by ten writ- underprivileged groups. these specifications. ers nationally and international- ly prominent. These arguments In the Shadow of Liberty. By Ed- The Church in America. William batter down all defenses of war. ward Corsi. Macmillan Co., New Adams Brown. 1922. The Mac- York. $3.50. millan Company, New York. $3.00. Race Family and personal experi- From a wide experience and Brown America. Edwin R. Embree. ence appear to have shaped the varied contacts the author sum- 1932. The Viking Press, New York. heart and mind of Edward Corsi marizes the place and work of $2.50. -immigrant boy, settlement the church in our post-war na- worker, Commissioner of Immitional life. Here is a frank, unbiased gration, Director of the Home statement of the trials and tri- Relief of the City of New York CROSS CURRENTS umphs of the "new race," the in- -to a social outlook on life and termingling of black, white, and to a particularly human view- Industry yellow, which forms a tenth of point of Ellis Island. His career the population of the United has been profoundly influenced Christianity and Industry in America. States. by his father, Filippo Corsi of Alva W. Taylor. 1933. Friendship Abruzzi, Italy, who, because of Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; The Jew and the World Ferment. his aggressive support of agra- paper, 60c. Basil Mathews. 1934. Friendship rian reform, was driven into ex- Press, New York. Cloth, $1.50; ile. Fortunately he was recalled Out of the conviction that our paper, 75c. by his election to the Italian pargreatest social and moral prob- liament-an office which he lems are industrial and that our The writer purposes to dis- never occupied for he was strickin d u s t ria I life has far out- cover how we should act toward en as he was about to give an stripped our moral and social the Jew whose prominence in impassioned response to the ovaadjustments is born this plea for the affairs of the nations as well tion of his fellow-townsmen. The practical Christianity. as in personal conflict is evidence young son was his father's com- that he is in the midst of the panion in exile, and was thrilled Protestant Churches and the Indus- world ferment. by his father's spectacular ca- trial Crisis. Edmund B. Chaffee. reer. 1933. The Macmillan Company, Orientals in American Life. Albeit New York. $2.00. W. Palmer. 1934. Friendship At ten years of age, with his Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; mother, stepfather, brothers and Individual Christians and the paper, 60c. Church must face their relations to economic life, the writer con- The author shows his readers tends. Labor Temple in New what is behind the Oriental York City, which has been guid- mask-a likable, overwhelminged by Dr. Chaffee for twelve ly human Christian brother. years, serves as an illustration

OUR MISSION:ARY BOOKSHELF

sisters, Edward lalJded in New van through Ellis Island, until nomic conditions in America. work. Two emotions possessed arrested by the World War and By 1932 the outward movement him in turn. His wonder and finally brought to a standstill by of aliens exceeded the inflow. exhilaration prompted by his first view of the Statue of Lib- the Immigration Act of 1924, re- That America continued to be a erty and by the New York sky- flects the extraordinary opti- land of desire, however, is strik- line which, through the haze, he ingly and pathetically illustrated mistook for mountains, quickly mism of America. Mr. Corsi ana- gave way to fear when he over- lyzes the composition of the car- by the large numbers debarred heard his stepfather express avan-English, Dutch, French, because of quota restrictions or concern lest they be turned back Scotch-Irish and German-to because of surreptitious entry. at Ellis Island because of their Perhaps at no time in the his- limited cash. Fortunately for the middle of the nineteenth cen- tory of America has American Edward and for America this tury and then fresh accession to hysteria over immigration been fear was not well-founded for the number of Germans, Irish the Corsi family was included more unhappily illustrated than among the one and a quarter and British. But then the com- by the arrest, the examination million immigrants admitted to position of the caravan changed America in 1907. to Italians, Austrians, Hunga- and deportation of undesirable aliens. Speaking of this Amer- Referring to the next decisive riam'!, Jews, Slavs, Poles and ican mood after the World War Russians though the inflow of Mr. Corsi says "quickly the na- experience which came to him as Irish and Scandinavians contin- an immigrant lad, living in tional hatred turned from a de- wretched quarters on the lower ued in considerable numbers. feated Germany and lashed it- While opposition to immigra- east side of New York, Mr. Cor- self into a rage against all forms si says, tion sprang up from time to of radicalism and all sorts of radicals. Victor Berger, of Mil- Down the street on which I lived time, in the main Americans be- there was a little brownstone house, waukee, was a conservative so- which to many in the neighborhood lieved that America was the land cialist. Senator La Follette was seemed shrouded in mystery. It was of unlimited opportunity where a Republican Progressive. Fed- a settlement house, which some of our parents feared had been put there to any honest man could get a liv- eral Judge Landis of Chicago, in draw Italian children to the Protes- ing and where every clever man sentencing Berger to jail and tant faith . . . The day came, how- ever, when we decided to investigate could amass wealth. This confi- prison, said he regretted that he that house and find out for ourselves dence was not shaken until the what it was there for . . . I remem- world depression settled upon could not have him shot." It ber clearly the day I led my gang into was during these days that the that house of mystery . . . My admis- America like a blight. True cells at Ellis Island were packed. sion to the Home Garden, later Haar- America had imposed upon im- lem House, marked a decisive advance It was then that the "Soviet in my career . . . migrants restrictions designed Ark," the Steamship Buford, to safeguard public health, pub- was dispatched with 249 pris- My settlement contacts and expe- riences gave me a new understanding lic morals and to debar potential oners, all to be deposited in dead of American life and American ideals. paupers. Unfortunately these of winter at the Russian border. It was a new understanding, because regulations did not eliminate This was all a part of what Mr. until then such dreams as I had had "dumping" by foreign countries Louis F. Post, one-time Assistant of the land of promise were well-nigh shattered by the grim reality of what nor preclude the immigrants' use Secretary of Labor at Washing- I had been forced to undergo. Long ton, termed "The Deportations before my mother had gone back to of Canada as a half-way house. Italy both she and my stepfather had The first racial groups, as racial Delirium of Nineteen Hundred realized the futility of their adven- groups, to feel the restraining Twenty." Unfortunately as Mr. ture. America had failed to offer its Corsi came to know, the expres- pot of gold. It had offered instead of America were the Chinese suffering, privations, and defeat. and the Japanese. The Contract sion of this delirium did not end Labor Law became particularly in 1920 but found expression After graduation from Ford- difficult to enforce. Agitation during Mr. Corsi's term of serv-' ham College Mr. Corsi returned ice. Speaking of unknown de- to the Haarlem House as a full- over literacy tests, just before time social worker. While here, and after the World War, re- portees Mr. Corsi says, "I found one morning in 1931, Secretary that many of them were like men Doak of the Department of La- flected the new temper of Amer- condemned to die, praying and bor summoned him to Washing- ica towards immigration. But crying for last-minute reprieves . ton and President Hoover ap- this temper did not have full ex- -clinging to fraying threads of pointed him Commissioner of pression until 1921 when the Immigration at Ellis Island. first Quota Law, based upon the hope." The human interest in Mr. Edward Corsi presents Ellis census of 1910, was adopted. Island as a reflector of the ever- This was followed in 1924 with Corsi is dominant. He tells in changing American mood. The a more rigid Quota Law based considerable detail the' experien- steady march of the great cara- upon national origins with the ces of notable "guests" at Ellis census of 1890 as the base-line. Island both before and during This law clearly marks a change his official relationship with the in the American mind towards Island. He found some of these immigration. experiences humorous, others pathetic and others tragic. In From about 1928 the immigra- tion trend, or to keep to Mr. the first category is that of Migi Corsi's figure, the movement of the caravan, was checked by eco-

Cogic who was ordered deported Conformist. No Anglican needs The sociological expressions because of defective eyesight but a survey to define his parish. of religion are the goal of the the Government was compelled The pages devoted to "Minis- book which Mr. Fenner writes to hold Miji as its guest for the tering to Several Mission Sta- for the men of his own commun- full period of the war and during tions" should be read by all ion. There are excellent advices that time he plied a lucrative American rural Christians. His upon religious education, recre- discussion of lay readers might ation, and the rest of those distrade as tailor and barber.

Pathetic indeed is the story of well be translated into the Pres- ciplines upon which many men Paula Patton who was deemed byterian, Baptist, and Methodist have written well. There are to be mentally defective and languages. These denominations bibliographies for the socially therefore not admitted. Her indulge their members with minded to use in humanizing case shows political vacillation "once a month preaching." They their priestly manners. But to- of the authorities at Washington dilute the worship of God from day the rural saints are turning extending over a period from its Sunday holiness to a pale, to worship and to holiness, with 1914 to 1925 when she was lunar, shirt-sleeve langour. They order and maj esty as the goal of should learn of Mr. Fenner to their aspirations. The Anglican granted legal residence.

"Prince" Mike Romanoff was sanctify the Sabbath and to from whose Ember Days we a grotesque though not uninter- make the house of God holy- have rebuilt Rural Life Sunday esting figure. Repeatedly he ap- Sunday a day of worship. He can teach us about the social peared as an immigrant and re- would train a young man to read ministry of the priest in the day peatedly he was sent back. a sermon every Sunday and con- of joy, of fear, or of grief. A m 0 Ii g other distinguished duct a service of worship while The contribution of Mr. Fenguests were Mrs. Emmeline "the preacher is away at another Pankhurst, Emma Goldman and ner is the latest expression,· and charge." This abuse of little in many ways the best, of the Ignatius Timothy Trebitsch-Lin- churches, closed on a Sunday, denominational hand books for coIn "whom Scotland Yard re- the Church and Country Life when the minister is elsewhere, Movement. A generation ago ferred to as 'the most elusive constitutes one of the great abusman in the world' and whom es of American Christianity. men told me that the country church would be the clue to the United States Marshall James There used to be a Southern union of churches. On the con- M. Power characterized as 'just Methodist Bishop who shocked trary. Each denomination and each of the Christian associaan ordinary thief.' " his hearers with the statement Mr. Corsi's book is full of that "10,000 of our churches were closed last Sunday." He dramatic interest. It breathes with human sympathy and re- meant that their preachers were tions has had its own organiza- away. This "religion of the tions and its own handbooks in flects a fine social sense. CHARLES HATCH SEARS. moon" Mr. Fenner would con- the interest of its own rural units. They all do what Mr. vert by training lay readers. Fenner has done. They inter- The Episcopal Church in Town and The treatment of worship and pret the country church econom- Country. By Goodrich R. Fenner, of architecture are excellent, as ically and socially. I am amused of The National Council (Protes- to see the most conservative of tant Episcopal Church), New York one would expect, and the stand- City. 1935. ards of "church singing" are these churches advised to "make This excellent book begins un- properly high, for the Episcopal the farmer a better farmer." favorably for the non-Anglican, Church has regard "for the That was heresy, for which I as it makes so much of the priest beauty and majesty of the wor- was denounced twenty-two years and his "calling." Outside of ship that is ordered." the churches which have had The chief value of this book is ago. Now rural missions and governmental alliance, there is . in its presentation of the interest agricultural missions have gone small respect for the "divine of a church which sanctifies its all over the world and they have calling" of the pastor. Their re- houses of worship and keeps the highest approval, yet we stand today as denominational spect is for the calling of the them apart from secular use, as we were when Theodore sinner. But Mr: Fenner, subse- which sanctifies its ministers Roosevelt commanded us to proquently appeals to the pastor to and reminds them that they are mote better farming and better recognize his responsibility for priests of God. Mr. Fenner, living.

"making his people better farm- however, does not carry us as ers,"-"mental hygiene," "child far as he might, for he could The time seems to have come well have developed the Angli- for the different communions to training," "visiting the jail."

In his treatment of the "Par- can tradition in explaining the do what Mr. Fenner has in part ish Program" the author is holy offices of marriage and of done and for each to contribute· strong for surveys, organiza- the funeral service. In both of the great religious heritage it tions, publicity. He shows that these the rural pastors have has to the purely religious dehe is not only a priest but a man, much to learn from the Church velopment of the country church a brother, and an America,n; not which has a 'Prayer Book- in worship, in ceremonial, in merely an Anglican-he might great repository of religious sacrament, and in prayer.

even be accused of being a non- faith through the ages." WARREN H. WILSON.

Books Studies in the Gospel According

Matthew. E. Schuyler English. Daughter of Brahma. E. Elizabeth Once untl, ),011 would nt'lcr be ..,ilhout it. $1.75. 226 pp. Revell. New York. Vickland. 64 pp. Revell. New York. FEATURES: Introduction, by Professor George Shaw B.O South American Adventures. Alice Curtis Desmond. $2.50. 284 pp. Education in India in 1932-33. 118 The Lesson Vnu by Ynst, by Rev. David J. Fane, Jr Macmillan. New York. pp. British Library of Information. New York. Lmons from lilt WSD", by Rev Ira E. David, Ph.O Personal Items Siae Ligbls on the Leuo,,_ Selected from Many Authon The Flying Boat. Robert N. McLean. Tit, B~jnntrJ' C14n, by Eleanor M. Jonet and (Concluded from page 257.) 184 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. Martha L. Fesmire. man, New York City, was elected sec- retary. A Grand-Canyon of Resurrection Re- Tht Primllty Class. by Stella M. Rudy alities. Robert G. Lee. 172 pp. The Junior Clllff, by Addie Marie French. *** $1.00. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids, Mich. SuggeJlions for the Superintendent. by Rev. F L. Squires Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth, veteran missionaries of the Presby- The New Home. Capt. Reginald Send only 10e in . (or current issue. terian Church of Canada, have re- Wallis. 96 pp. 18. Pickering & turned home and were given a public Inglis. London. Modern Trends in World Religions. reception in Knox Presbyterian Edited by A. Eustace Haydon. 255 Church, Toronto. Dr. Goforth is now Report on the Bihar Earthquake and pp. $2.50. University of Chicago blind. on the Measures Taken in Conse- Press. London. quence Thereof up to Dec. 31, 1934. *** W. B. Brett. 100 pp. Government Race Relations: Adjustment of Printing Office. Bihar, India. Whites and Negroes in the United Dr. Frederick Douglass Patterson States. Willis D. Weatherhead and who was born in Washington, D. C., Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Charles S. Johnson. 590 pp. $3.20. thirty-four years ago, has been elected Material Progress and Condition Heath. London and New York. president of Tuskegee Institute, Ala- of India During 1932-33. S. F. bama, to succeed Dr. R. R. Moton, who Stewart. Map. 197 pp. 38. H. The Drama of the Eucharist. Stacy retired after twenty years of service. M. Stationery Office. London. Waddy. 107 pp. 28. 6d. cloth, 1>1 Dr. Patterson haSi been for seven paper. S. P. G. London. years head of the Agricultural De- Wisdom and Waste in the Punjab partment at Tuskegee. Village. M. L. Darling. 368 pp. A Desert Journal. Evangeline French, 128. 6d. Oxford University Press. Mildred Cable, Francesca French. *** London. 261 pp. $3. China Inland Mission. Germantown, Pa. Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke, General Sec- India Calling: The Memories of Cor- retary of the Baptist World Alliance nelia Sorabji. Cornelia Sorabji. Evolution Disproved. Wm. A. Wil- is spending two months in the United IlIus. 308 pp. 128. 6d. Nisbet. liams. 127 pp. $1.00. Wm. A. Wil- States, expecting to return to Eng- London. liams, Camden, N. J. land in July. His plans include ad- dresses at the Northern Baptist Con- Historical Lights of Liberia's Yester- Forerunners of a New Age. Basil vention in Colorado Springs. He is day and Today. Ernest J. Yancy. Mathews. 75 cents. 90 pp. I. M. C. making preliminary arrangements for $2.50. Aldine Pub. Co., Xenia, Ohio. New York. the Sixth Baptist World Congress which is to be held in Atlanta, Geor- Two Centuries of Student Christian Four Patterns of Revolution. Ethan gia in 1939. Movements. Clarence P. Shedd. Colton. 312 pp. $2.50. Associa- 466 pp. $3. Association Press. tion Press. New York. I If you use New York. In the Shadow of Liberty. Edward PRINTING The Modern Missionary. A study of Corsi. 321 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. the human factor in the missionary New York. YOU will profit from an ac- enterprise in the light of present- quaintanceship with us. We day conditions. C. Hoffman, A. G. The Jew and the World Ferment. do the job complete in our own Hogg, F. Mackenzie, S. Neill, R. Basil Mathews. $1.50. 186 pp. plant, whether it be large or Rees, M. Wrong, W. P. Young. Friendship Press. New York. small. Edited by J. H. Oldham. 128 pp. 18. 6d. Student Christian Move- Let Us Go Into the Next Town. While our specialty is Books, ment Press. London. George P. Pierson. $1. 93 pp. Magazines and Pamphlets, yet Revell. New York. we have a variety of modern The Japan Year Book, 1934. Map. equipment to meet all the re- 1,356 pp. $5. Foreign Affairs Men and Women of Far Horizons. quirements of your particular Assn., Tokyo. Jesse R. Wilson. $1. 214 pp. job. You will find our service Friendship Press. New York. prompt, careful and courteous. Hot-Hearted: Some Women Builders of the Chinese Church. F. I. Cod- The Niger Vision. R. S. Roseberry. Will you allow us to estimate rington. IlIus. 111 pp. 28. Church $1.50. 254 pp. Christian Pub., Inc. on your next printing? We be- of England Zenana Missionary So- Harrisburg, Pa. lieve you will be delighted with ciety. London. our product, price and service. Partners in the Expanding Church. Jesus Through Japanese Eyes: A A. L. Warnshuis and Esther Strong. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Study of the Daily Life of Jesus. 62 pp. 35 cents. International Mis- Toyohiko Kagawa. Trans. by H. F. sionary Council. New York. PrinteTS of Topping and M. Draper. 160 pp. The Missionary Review of tlu! WOTId 38. Lutterworth Press. London. Protestant Church as a Social Insti- tution. H. Paul Douglass and Ed- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Outline of Buddhism. C. H. S. mund de S. Bruner. 368 pp. $2.50. Third and Reily Streets HarrIsburg. Pa. Ward. 140 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Harpers. New York. Press. London. Spirit of Modern France. Helen Hill. An Outline of Islam. C. R. North. 26 pp. 25 cents. Foreign Policy 127 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Press. Assn. and World Peace Foundation. London. New York and Boston.

Toward the Sunrising. B. H. Bruner. A Student's Philosophy of Religion. $1.50. 280 pp. Cokesbury Press. Wm. Kelley Wright. $3. Macmil- Nashville, Tenn. lan. New York.

Illlportance of Latin

The Foreign Mission study topic for the coming year will be "Revealing Christ to Latin America." This will be the subject of a series of articles in our October number. These are being prepared by men and women of wide experience-Anglo-Saxons and Latin Americans.

A SPANISH AMERICAN FEAST Important Facts as to Twenty Republics ………………… .Mary W. Williams Unevangelized Areas of Latin America …….. " ……………… John Ritchie Religious Trends Among Spanish Americans ………………. .John A. Mackay The Indians of the South Lands ……………………….. .Joseph A. Davis The Conflict of Church and State ……………………… Chas. S. Detweiler Latin American Youth of Today ……………………….. G. Baez Camargo Educational Progress and Problems ……………………….. J. E. Moreland The Living Church of Latin America ……………………. Kenneth G. Grubb Union and Cooperation in Evangelical Work …………… Webster E. Browning The Next Steps in Mission Work …………………… . Ralph E. DitJendorfer Best Books on Latin America ………… '" ……………….. .S. G. Inman Order Your Copies NOW-For Study Circles and Conferences 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN 1. PIERSON, Editor Send Your Order to MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC., Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

AGENTS WANTED H ERE are some titles of coming ar~ tides in THE REVIEW. Do not THE MISSIONARY REVIEW miss them: can be sold in quantities to every Missionary Society. It fur- Hitler and the Jews nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and Conrad Hoffmann, ]r. discussion groups. Why not act as our Agent in your church or On the Mosquito Coast community? You can advance Kenneth G. Grubb the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the same time can earn The Next Generation and Missions Robert E. Speer A Liberal Commission The Younger Men's Missionary Congress • Mills ]. Taylor Address-·-Circulation Manager Lost Condition of the Heathen The Missionary Review of the World Henry W. Frost Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. A. A. Hyde•••A Good Steward Wm. M. Vories What Is a Faith Mission?

Robert Hall Glover 25 cents a copy $2.50 a year

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1935

APRIL,1935

India at the Crossroads William A. Stanton Caste Christians Among the Telugu c. H. Smiley What One Pastor Did for Missions Cleland B. McAfee Can We Interest College Students?

Wilmina Rowland Thank God and Take Courage—Why?

Delavan L. Pierson Negro Youth Challenges White Youth J. S. Ledbetter 25 Cents a Cop, $2.50 a Year

to Remember Obituary Note. Haile Selassie, and a staff

in the George Memorial Hospital at April 21-Easter. Rev. Christopher Noss, D.D., of Addis Ababa. He is survived by his April 2S-Fiftieth Anniversary of the Wakamatsu, Japan, died on December wife, Mrs. Agnes Forbes Pollock; a 31, 1934, after a notable missionary brother, Rev. J. B. Pollock of Garner, Woman's Home Missionary Society, career of 35 years. Dr. Noss was an Iowa, and a sister, Miss Mary Pol- New York East Conference, St. honored missionary of the Reformed lock, of Ontario, Canada. Mark's Church, Brooklyn, N. Y. Church in the United States. A week May 2-5 – Young Men's Missionary before Christmas he had gone to ••• Congress under the auspices of the Aomori Prefecture to fill engagements Laymen's Missionary Movement, for his son, Rev. George S. Noss, who Prof. Johannes DuPlessis, of Stel- Chicago. was ill with pneumonia. On Christ- lenbosch Theological College, South May 21-23-National Council of Fed- mas night he held a communion serv- Africa, died on February 16. Prof. erated Church Women. Annual ice and the next day he suffered a DuPlessis was a teacher and traveler Meeting. Rochester, N. Y. stroke. The funeral service was held and the author of several authorita- May 22-General Assembly United at Sendai on January 5. tive books on Africa. His "Christ Presbyterian Church, Akron, Ohio. Through the Dark Continent," pub- May 23-General Assembly, Presby- **• lished in 1917, gives an interesting terian Church in the U. S. A., Cin- record of a 17,000-mile journey, tra- cinnati, Ohio. Frank Lenwood, formerly a secre- versing Africa by different routes. May 26-Rural Life Sunday. tary of the London Missionary So- He also wrote a "History of Chris- May 30-General Assembly, Presby- ciety died on September 6, 1934. tian Missions in South Africa," which terian Church in the U. S., Mon- From 1909 to 1912 he was a mission- is an encyclopedic account and survey treat, N. C. ary in Benares; when in 1912 ty- June 9-1S-Church Conference of So- phoid invalided him home, he was ap- • • of the work. cial Work, Montreal, Canada. pointed one of the Foreign Secretaries, June 20-25-Northern Baptist Con- with special care of India and the • vention, Colorado Springs, Colorado. South Seas. He took a leading part June 26-July 2 – Winona Summer in the cooperative work of the British The Rev. George W. Marshall, a School of Missions, Winona Lake, Societies, and in the promotion of the missionary of the Presbyterian Board Indiana. International Missionary Co u n c i I. of Foreil!'n Missions, U. S. A., since July 2-7-International Christian En- When he retired from the L. M. S. at 1896, dicld at Canton, China, on Feb- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, fifty years of age he took the pastor- ruary 14, on the eve of his retirement. Pa. ate of a church in East London. He Mr. Marshall was born at Amesville, August 7-12-World Convention of was killed on September 6, while Ohio, in 1865, and received his higher the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, climbing the Aiguille d'Argentiere in education at Westminster College, Mo., England. and at McCormick Theological Sem- Switzerland. • • • inary. He was engaged in evangelis- II If you use tic work. Mrs. W. P. Thirkield, wife of ••• PRINTING Bishop Thirkield of the Methodist Church, died in a Brooklyn hospital, The Best Loved Korean YOU will profit from an ac- February 14. Mrs. Thirkield was quaintanceship with us. We long an active worker in the Meth- Dr. O. R. Avison, founder and first do the job complete in our own odist Church. Under her tenure of president of Chosen Christian College, plant, whether it be large or office as trustee of the Home Mission calls Dr. Yun Tchi Ho the "best small. Society, the annual budget of the So- known, best loved and most influential ciety was increased from less than man in Korea. The seventieth anni- While our specialty is Books, $1,000,000 to $3,000,000. After her versary of Dr. Yun (formerly called Magazines and Pamphlets, yet retirement she raised $50,000 in $1,000 Baron Yun) was celebrated last year we have a variety of modern in Seoul. A committee of seventy was equipment to meet all the re- • • gifts during a jubilee campaign. formed-thirty foreigners and forty quirements of your particular Korean Christians from all the job. You will find our service • churches represented in the country. prompt, careful and courteous. Each of these committee members was Dr. James Matthews Hoover, for asked to secure seven other members Will you allow us to estimate 32 years a missionary of the Meth- -making 560 in all-to whom were on your next printing ? We be- odist Episcopal Church to Chinese added special friends from England, lieve you will be delighted with emigrants in the wilds of Borneo, died America, Canada, China, Japan, Po- our product, price and service. in Singapore, Straits Settlements. land, Sweden and Switzerland.

The EVANGELICAL PRESS "Jim" Hoover, as he was affection- On November 15th the Chungdong ately known on three continents, con- Methodist Church of Seoul was filled Printers of tributed to the colonists' economic to overflowing to celebrate the anni- growth, as well to their education and versary of this Christian nobleman. In The Missionary Review of the World spiritual life. He helped in the de- the audience were Dr. Yun's aged velopment of the rubber industry in mother, his wife and twelve living PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Borneo, introduced the first rice mill sons and daughters, in addition to Third Ind Reily Streets Hlrrlsburg, Pa. and the first saw mill – replacing government officials, missionaries, for- hand labor. He introduced the first eign consuls, business and professional ice-making machine, now replaced by men. a city refrigerating plant at Sibu. He took over, for the Rajah, the op- A two hundred and fifty page illus- eration of the Sarawak wireless sta- trated life of Dr. Yun has been writ- tion and made it an educational cen- ten by Dr. Kim Yung Huei, telling ter. His service has caused him to the fascinating story of this remark- be called the father of modern Sara- able man, who has been a Christian wak's industrial, educational and so- for over forty years. In the early days he suffered for his faith and for • • • cial development. many years has served his country in Dr. Alexander W. Pollock, medical diplomatic and cabinet posts, as a missionary of the United Presbyterian Christian educator, church officer, Church, died Qf a cerebral hemorrhage general secretary and president of the in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on Febru- Y. M. C. A. He was a Korean dele- ary 25th. He spent 20 years in Egypt gate to the Edinburgh Missionary as a medical missionary and went to Conference in 1910. We plan to have Ethiopia ten years ago, where he be- an illustrated story of his life in an came a close friend of the emperor, early number of the REVIEW.

you know how it can be improved •••••••••••••

THE MISSIONARY tell the Editor. Here are some recent "1aciH.9 the e'r.isis 0t the REVIEW OF THE WORLD commendations. What do you think? eh'r.istiess ?nultitu~es11 DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor "We find more ways of using the VOL. LVIII APR., 1935 No.4 articles and the various departments Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. all the time. Our Young people's Editorial and Executive Office– group have delighted in the illustra- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-class matter at tions." HARRIET E. DORMAN, Geneva, N. Y. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Under the Auspices of the Act of March 3, 18-79. "I advised a *wo*ma*n in Evansville, Indiana, to subscribe for your excel- W orId Dominion 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Movement Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. lent magazine. I would not wish to be Published monthly, except August. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. without it myself." British agents – Marshall, Morgan MRS. THOMAS NICHOLSON, and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, Mt. Vernon, Iowa, President, Wom- Great Missionary Evening London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, an's Foreign Missionary Society, 10 shillings a year. Methodist Episcopal Church. Marble Collegiate Church MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. Personal Items 29th and Fifth Avenue, New York City BOARD OF DIRECTORS April 11th, 1935, at 8 P. M. ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, General Chairman: Robert E. Speer WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer Secretary of the WorId's Sunday Speakers: Rev. K. Scott Latourette, D.D. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary School Association, is to visit Puerto Rico this spring in the interests of Rev. Iohn A. Mackay, Ph.D. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT creating an interdenominational de- Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD partment of religious education to be directed by an aggressive full-time A WORLD SURVEY WM. B. LIPPHARD secretary, with perhaps two associates ERIC M. NORTH trained especially for service in the Revealing the Present Unique Oppor- elementary and young people's divi- tunities for World-Wide Evangelism. JESSE R. W'ILSON sions. It is expected that the per- sonnel will be entirely national. The Potentialities of the Indigenous A. L. WARNSHUIS Church.

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 7.30···MVSIC Editorial Chat *** Organ Recital .•••..•.. Richard T. Percy Solo Violin •••…•. Gizella Ehrenwerth Miss Ruth F. Woodsmall, who has NewYqrkYouth Center SymphonyOrchesua been a member of various commis- Conductor ..•.• Lee Olson sions studying social conditions and What topics, vitally related to the problems of the Near East and Orien- YOU AND YOUR FRIENDS ARE work of Christ at home or abroad, tal countries, and who for a number would you like to see presented in the of years has been identified with the . CORDIALLY INVITED pages of THE REVIEW? The field is so Young Women's Christian Association, has been elected General Secretary of World Dominion Offices the World Council of the Y. W. C. A. Her new duties will begin in Septem- New York City ber. Miss Woodsmall will watch over ••••••••••••• 156 Fifth Avenue great, the opportunities so vast, the the activities of nearly 5,000,000 wom- en in fifty lands. Indian girls still work so marvelous in many cases, that wearing the sari and playing tennis behind curtains; Japanese stenogwe have need for more than human raphers, German girls studying home economics, and Russian refugees in wisdom and vision in selecting topics the hostels of Istanbul learning to earn the Laymen's Missionary Movement. their living-all these will be included A number of nationally known misand authors. in her job. sionary leaders are' among the speak- ers. *** *** Again-do you know of remarkable Dr. Edward Hume, Secretary of and authenticated answers to prayer, the Central Bureau of Medical Mis- sions of the Foreign Missions Conferoutstanding cases of conversion and ence of North America, is visiting India to talk over with medical workthe transformation of communities, ers their problems.

notable types of Christlike work at The America*n o*ffice* of The World home and abroad, or effective meth- Dominion Movement, of which Miss Constance Brandon is the Internaods for stimulating missionary inter- tional Secretary, has been moved to 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. est in the youth or in the church at *•* home? Write the Editor about them *** Bishop Arthur J. Moor.e, of the or tell us who can describe them so Rev. Eugene C. Carder, D.D., as- Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has been assigned to the Orient, that REVIEW readers may be inter- sociate minister of Riverside Church, Europe and Africa for the next four years. After spending some time in ested and stimulated. New York, has been elected president Korea, Japan and China, he has gone to Wembo Nyama, Belgian Congo. The plans fo*r a *spe*cial Home Mis- of the Greater New York Federation of Churches, first Baptist head of the ••* sion number of THE REVIEW are taking shape. Among the twenty topics Federation. Dr. E. J. Pace, Christian cartoonist to be presented are: Home Missions and lecturer on Bible themes who was *** planning to make a tour of the world, Yesterday and Today; The Christian Jorge Bocobo, LL.D., leading was taken seriously ill in the French Youth Movements; The Opportunity Sudan, Africa. He wrote on January Methodist layman of the Philippine 13 saying that he is recovering and expected to return to America. After of the Christian Home; The Church Islands, has been inaugurated as a short rest in Florida he expects to be ready to take speaking engage- . and the Unemployed; Present. Day President of the University of the ments. Philippines, Manila, highest educa- Frontiers; The Church and the Crim- tional institution in the Islands, with inal; Rural Americans and the more than 7,000 students. He is also Church; New Americans and Their Children; Union and Cooperation in president of the National Christian Home Missions; Best Books on Home Council. Missions (annQtated and classified). ••• Do not miss this issue of THE RE- Prof. Arthur H. Compton, a Nobel prize winner in Physics, has been VIEW. Order copies for your mis- elected chairman of the· National sionary circle now. It is to be pub- Young Men's Congress which is called to meet in Chicago on May 2. lished May 25th. All Protestant churches are to par- ticipate in this congress sponsored by *** If you find [161 ] Are you a booster?

THE REVIEW helpful, tell your friends.

LATE LAPSLEY ARMSTRONG McAFEE POSTER OF THE YOUTH MOVEMENT

Used in the United Christian Youth Conferences. A pastor who sent from his church 114 members to full- time Christian service in 15 lands. (See page 175.) (See page 166.) AT THES'PUDENT CONFERENCE ON MISSIONS, HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, MARCH 1 to 3, 1935. (See page 181.) THREE FORCES USED' TO ENLIST YOUTH IN THE SERVICE OF CHRIST (See pages 166, 175, 179 and 181) ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FOUR APRIL, 1935 Topics of the Times THE RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN MEXICO In fourteen states, with a total of over 6,000,- By a recent decree of President Cardenas all 000 population, no priests or clergy are permitted religious literature is barred from the mails in to officiate; in the other fifteen states and the Mexico. This probably means that Bibles, Chris- Federal District the proportion authorized is from tian tracts and religious newspapers cannot be circulated. The reason given is that since the one to thirty clergy for every 200,000 people.* postal service is an important agency for the dissemination of ideas, the Government will not al- These restrictive steps were taken by Mexico low its facilities to be used to transmit ideas con- only after repeated attempts had been made to trary to its own program for national culture. persuade the Papal hierarchy to cease its opposi- This program is distinctly socialistic and anti- tion to Government reform movements. religious-or at least non-religious. General Obregon, long before the religious laws This decree follows other Mexican laws limit- were rigidly enforced, when he saw the fierce Papal opposition to the program of the Revolu- tion, appealed to the Church as. follows: ing the number of clergy in each state, prohibiting I exhort you for the good of our people that you neither secular education by religious teachers, putting calumniate nor injure the progress of that essentially church property under the control of the State, Christian humanitarian program which the Government and forbidding foreign clergy to officiate in reli- seeks to develop in our country. Its oppressed classes have for many long and bitter years experienced sundry gious rites. According to the latest restrictions injusticeS and have missed the spirit of brotherhood and justice which should have prevailed in the directing upper private schools must not propagate any religious classes, who have neglected the noble part of man's mis- sion on earth and instead exerted all their efforts to pile creed. up their material fortunes. I assure you with all sin- The reasons for these restrictions and prohi- cerity that not only will you not encounter any ObStacle . bitions go back to the days of struggle for Mex- ican independence in 1810 when the Roman Cath- in carrying out the tenets of your religion in this country, olic Church took active sides with Spain and in but that you will have the sympathy of every Mexkan.

favor of the monarchists. The papal hierarchy But he appealed in vain. The Roman Catholic and the priests in Mexico have always been active authorities have bitterly opposed practically the in politics and through the great wealth in the whole educational and social program of the State hands of the Church, their private schools and -including socialized and sex education as well religious observances, they have exerted immense as the anti-religious socialism. Students in some influence over the unlettered masses. The fault universities-as in Guadalajara-have engaged in has been with the policies and activities of the strikes and demonstrations against the socialistic Roman Catholic Church which has always stood education and at one place 15,000 people joined for the supremacy of the Church and has antag- in the demonstration. onized Mexican leaders who have sought to promote reforms in politics, economic conditions and The Government is determined to control the education. No fault has been found with the education of Mexican youth and to create as ~ear­ Protestant mission work but this has naturally ly as possible a "totalitarian State," with a; discome under the general ban against all religious tinctly national culture and program. Their prom:.. propaganda. As a result evangelical, as well as ise of success is seen in the fact that a leading Catholic schools, have been closed and all religious educationalist of Teacher's College, ~ew York, 'as- work is being greatly hindered. * According to an unverified statement in Tite ~Chri8tian Century, [163 ]

serts that the Government is putting into effect three states which happen to be its least popu- "the most complete system of universal education lated. Schools and churches were closed in Sonora ever planned by any nation." The largest item but they are gradually being reopened. Recently in the national budget is not for war but for edu- the Presbyterian Mission in Yucatan was recation. quested to reopen its school without signing any kind of a document limiting its activities. Nu- In contrast to the Roman Catholic priests, the merous other Evangelical schools are open, as is Protestant missionaries have conformed to the the American school in Mexico City and many laws regulating their institutional work. While other private institutions. Daily Vacation Bible Evangelical Christians do not sympathize with schools were held last summer with great enthuanti-religious propaganda or the decrees against siasm in various parts of the Republic. Conferreligious liberty, some have spoken in defense of ences on religious education, with a faculty comthe radical reform movement. Dr. Victoriano D. posed of Professor G. Baez Camargo and various Baez, Director of the Methodist Boy's School in visitors, were held in San Luis, in the rural dis- Puebla and a translator of the New Testament, trict of San Miguel, Aguascalientes, and in Rio writes as follows: Verde. Young peoples' camps have also been de- veloped in various parts of the country under the Here in Mexico, facing the strong fanaticism and in- auspices of the Committee on Religious Education. tolerance which has ()Ccasioned unaccountable <l.rawbacks to society and infinite calamities to humble people, why As a matter of fact while institutional religious must- we be frightened at the Revolution? Do we not work is more difficult in Mexico, and some forms love the people and long fervently for their social and of propaganda are prohibited, there is almost unmoral redemption? Do we not have a social creed in the limited opportunity for truly Christian work, if body of our beliefs, extraordinarily advanced, humani- it is carried on by those who have spiritual aims tarian, Christian, in order to emphasize the teachings of and use spiritual methods. The Presbyterian mis- Jesus concerning the incomparable platform of love of sionaries in Mexico, after a survey of the situation one's neighbor? Of what are we frightened, therefore? last December, said: Do we fear that they will close our churches and oblige us to deny our beliefs? Nothing of this kind will hap- It is true that the recently approved amendment to the pen, we feel sure. Federal Constitution, proposed to root out "fanaticism" throughout the country, and that a group within the There are officials in the Federal and State gov- official circle wishes to wipe out all religion, but another ernments who are far from antagonistic to all powerful group within that same circle is definitely aimreligion. Evangelical leaders are convinced that ing to exterminate the fanaticism engendered by the Rothe most effective way to cooperate with them man Catholic system, while leaving the people free to find and to overcome any tendency to persecution, or true religion. curtailment of religious liberty by the State, is not by protests and interference from the United We are convinced that, in spite of the apparent diffi- States, not by economic or social boycott, but by culties in the way of Christian work, Mexico is in reality a manifestation of understanding and sympathy more open than ever before to the message of the Gospel with the best Mexican aims to purify politics, to when presented in a direct, personal way, apart from promote education and reform and to raise the ecc1esiasticalism and other non-essentials. The opportunieconomic, moral and social status of the people. ties for personal work are unlimited. From all sides Protestant missionaries are true friends of the comes the testimony that it is easier to interest people in Mexicans. They are working only for their bene- the Bible than it ever has been. We believe that if the fit, not from any selfish or unworthy motive, and various Missions and Churches take due advantage of the will cooperate with the Government in any way present opportunities, we shall see astounding results in that will advance righteousness, peace, culture, the next few years. Our present difficulties have mostly and prosperity. to do with the impossibility of continuing certain old methods of work in some parts of the field, rather than The Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Mis- with the essential matter of the propagation of the Gossions, in declining to join in any united protest pel itself. to the Mexican Government, made this statement: THE STRUGGLE IN SPAIN While we regret curbs on free speech and on religious liberty, we believe that true religion alone can promote Recent disturbances in Spain were chiefly due and support those moral standards, both individual and to the efforts of the Catholic Party to gain consocial, upon which an enduring nation can be built. To trol of the Government, thus endangering the rethis end, real liberty and social enlightenment must ever ligious liberty and other ideals for which Spaninclude freedom of conscience in the worship of God. We iards contended in the revolution of 1931. The are convinced, however, that the type of action now being Spanish people do not object to having Roma'u urged in Congress not only endangers friendly relations Catholics in the Government-Niceto Alcala Zawith our neighbors to the South, but also serves no good mora, elected president by the Republicans, is a purpose for the furtherance of essential religious liberty devout Catholic. The protest is against the activiin Mexico. ties of Catholic monarchists who seek to reestab- lish a monarchy. The Catholic Party is accused Both Catholic and Protestant churches are open generally in Mexico, with the exception of two or

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

of trying to prevent the carrying out of laws gelistic campaign to present Christ to the working and ideals on the basis of which the Spanish Re- classes of Spain. He writes: "If we could only public was established three years ago, and for cover the whole of Spain so as to bring the Gospel this reason Liberals are opposed to having leaders of Jesus Christ to the people, Spain would reof the Catholic Party as secretaries of the De- spond. A new mood is taking hold of the common partments of Labor and Justice. people-a mood that is looking toward Christ rather than toward Karl Marx." The Socialist and Syndicalist Parties in Spain number over two million while those registered A YOUNG MEN'S MISSIONARY CONGRESS in the Catholic Party number only 50,000 voters. General strikes have been promoted by the Social- Three of the events in the past half century ists and Communists as a result of the Catholic that have most powerfully stimulated interest and political activity. Bombs, shootings and general activity in world-wide Christian missions have riots resulted in many deaths and in the destruc- been the formation of the Student Volunteer tion of much property. Dr. Juan Orts-Gonzales, Movement in 1886, the Ecumenical Missionary who was in Spain during the disturbances, de- Conference held in New York in 1900, and the clares that most of the stories of horrible cruelties establishment of the Laymen's Missionary Moveperpetrated by the revolutionaries are untrue. ment in 1910. The first enlisted educated youth, The same authority says that ·Spain "has now the second awakened the Church as a whole, and repudiated both communism and violence"; that the third aroused Christian laymen to a more the Socialist leaders advocate legal methods of sympathetic and adequate support of the work. obtaining their ends; that the present Govern- All were born in prayer, and were promoted by ment is stronger and more republican than ever. prayer and sacrifice; they were based on faith in the Bible as the Word of God, in Jesus Christ as The religious situation in Spain is not reassur- the Son of God and in the need of all men for ing for the masses are still ignorant of Christ salvation through His atoning work on the Cross. and too often link Him up with a political papal party and with greedy capitalism. There is need Today one of the greatest needs is a new awakfor a clearer revelation of Christ and His Gospel ening among the young men of the Churchto supply the moral and spiritual needs and long- potential leaders of tomorrow. They are generings of the people. ally interested in making a better world but if they are not intelligently and sacrificially com- One of the outstanding Spanish leaders of en- mitted to the program and ideals of Christ at lightened thought is Prof. Miguel de Unammo home and abroad, who is to carryon the work? who has been made life rector of the University of Madrid, and who is recognized as representing To bring together young men who are interthe best qualities of the Spanish race. In a lec- ested in the missionary enterprise, and to enlist ture, delivered before the President of the Repub- others, a "National Young Men's Missionary Conlic and of the members of the Government, he gress" is to be held in Chicago from May 2d quoted from the Gospel of John and said: "Have through May 5th. This is a fitting way to mark faith in the Word; be men of God, the supreme the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Laymen's King and supreme Word. Let Him recognize us Missionary Movement under whose auspices the as belonging to Him in Spain." To the Roman congress will meet. Prof. Arthur H. Compton Catholic leaders he said in a widely published of the University of Chicago, the well-known winarticle: "If you had preached Christ as a friend ner of the Nobel award in physics, is chairman of of the poor and humble, instead of a friend of the the Committee on Arrangements. Other promiwealthy and powerful; a friend of sinners in- nent Christian laymen, pastors and executives are stead of a friend of aristocrats, then they would also cooperating with Mr. F. J. Michel, executive have accepted the Christ of the Gospel." secretary of the Movement.

Spain is not dead to moral and religious truth The general theme announced is "Jesus Christ but is greatly in need of the Christ as He is and the World Today." This will be presented by presented in the New Testament. Dr. Juan Orts- addresses by well-known speakers and its various Gonzales and Rev. Juan Vanetto of Argentina phases considered· in a series of twenty simulhave recently conducted fruitful evangelistic cam- taneous group meetings under the leadership of paigns-especially for Protestants. Roman Cath- Dr. Cleland B. McAfee of New York and Rev. olics and Communists have also been reached and C. O. Hawley of Indianapolis. The four main in one city forty-four young men came forward topics to be discussed at the platform meetings and gave their names to form an evangelical will be (1) The world's need and the forces bid- Christian society for worship and service. Dr. ding for world power; (2) our heritage as sons Ortz-Gonzales is seeking the cooperation of Christian labor leaders in England to carryon an evan-

of missionary forefathers; (3) our Christian re- The genesis of the United Youth Programsources and (4) the power of Christ. "Christian Youth Building aNew World"-may be traced back to Toronto in June, 1930, when Among the twenty-four speakers who have al- young people from many Christian agencies in ready agreed to take part in the congress are North America picked up "the trail" which "led President Ralph C. Hutchison of Washington and from a wooden cross on Calvary among the hills of Jefferson College, Dr. Robert E. Speer and Dr. Jerusalem down across the burning sands and des- Ralph E. Diffendorfer of New York, Mr. Living- erts of the world." Following this trail, these young stone P. Moore of Summit, N. J., Dr. C. Darby people have deepened their understanding and Fulton of Nashville, Rev. Leonard Outerbridge of appreciation of Jesus Christ, the Master of men Boston and Rev. Roy M. Burkhart of Columbus. and the Saviour of the World. They have en- visioned the world that would be if He were truly Men today, probably as never before, recognize Master of men in every phase of life. They have the chaotic condition of the world and the need sensed anew the disasters due to man's sin and for a Saviour with a divine program and with the selfishness and his indifference to God. wisdom and power of God. Political, economic, social and intellectual remedies will not suffice to The conference program in each of the twentysave us from destruction. Spiritual life is needed eight cities included discussion groups to study to change individuals and to bring men into har- nine projects: mony with God and His program. To change America, or anyone nation, is not sufficient; all Developing a Program of Personal Christian Living men and all nations must be changed. Who but Helping Other Young People to be Christians God can effect such a transformation? This pro- Cooperation in Bringing About World Peace gram of change represents the purpose and pro- Working to Help Solve the Liquor Problem gram of the whole missionary movement. Helping to Build a Christian Economic Order Providing a Constructive Use of Leisure Time Dr. John R. Mott, who was present at a pre- Being Christian with Other Racial and Cultural Groups liminary meeting to launch the Congress, writes: Preparing for Marriage and Home Life "The timeliness and importance of the Young Developing a Christian Type of Patriotism Men's Congress continues to grow on me. It is highly desirable that each of our Christian com- These topics were freely discussed by leaders munions shall put forth extraordinary efforts to of varied views, not doctrinally but to reach a be represented by the very flower of our younger practical Christian point of view. Many, possibly lay forces. It will do more to help solve the many most, of the young people had first to learn what problems that press upon our churches than any it is to be a Christian and what are the basic single measure I could emphasize." teachings of Christ in reference to these various problems. They were urged to study and to pray The success of this Congress depends. on three in order to find wisdom and power in Christ. things: (1) the spiritual character and messages of the speakers; (2) the ability to bring together The United Youth Conferences were held under a truly representative number of earnest young the joint auspices of the Department of Evangelmen who will respond to the call of Christ, and ism of the Federal Council, the Youth Section of (3) the amount and vitality of prayerful prepara- the International Council of Christian Education, tion for the guidance of God and to insure the and the International Society of Christian Enmanifestation of His power in the Congress and deavor, these interdenominational agencies workin its outcome. ing in cooperation with the local churches and Christian youth organizations of each city. In CHRISTIAN YOUTH CONFERENCES all some fifty-four organizations cooperated-de- nominational and interdenominational- in the It is essential to win the youth to Christ and to conferences held in Cincinnati, (Ohio); J acksonenlist them in His service, not only for their own ville, Elgin, Carbondale, and Springfield, (Ill.); sake but in order that they may help make Amer- Richmond, (Va.); Clarksburg, (W. Va.); New ica Christian and that they may have a part in York City, Washington, St. Louis, Kansas City, bringing the world into harmony with Christ's Lincoln, Denver, Chicago, Des Moines, Huron (S. program. To enlist American youth in this cam- D.); Minneapolis, Seattle, Portland; Berkeley paign a series of conferences have been held in and Los Angeles, (Calif.); Louisville, Nashville, twenty-eight cities across the continent, from Jan- Chattanooga, Birmingham, Baltimore, Boston and' uary 4 to March 31. Over 30,000 young people Philadelphia. Youth of all denominations and have been reached through these conferences races, between the ages of sixteen and twentywhich have been attended by high school and col- four, were invited to attend and take part in the lege students, young people in business and others discussions. The result was naturally a wide difconnected with churches of all denominations. ference in views on many points but "Findings" were drawn up to conserve the results.

at the

By the REV. WILLIAM ARTHUR STANTON, D.D. Jse-.- -ot!it Kurnool, India Missionary of the American Baptist Telugu Mission Since 1892 ENGLAND is now grappling with the greatest of their country. These Reforms, however, did . . constitutional problem that ever faced the not satisfy Indian aspiration. Accordingly, in British Empire. On November 21, 1934, the 1927 Government appointed a Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Indian Constitutional Commission, of which Sir John Simon was Chair- Reforms presented its Report to Parliament and man, with instructions to make a first-hand study to the British nation. The Report was awaited of conditions in India and report to Parliament both in England and in India with intense inter- what further advance could be made in Indian est. To secure for it the widest possible circula- constitutional reforms. Unfortunately Indians tion, the Report was published simultaneously in were given no representation on that Commission. England and in India and sold at the nominal price Consequently on its arrival in India the Commisof a shilling a copy. So great was the demand sion was boycotted by the Nationalist Party. that it at once became a "best seller," the first Though the Commission made a very exhaustive edition being exhausted in a few hours. study of the Indian constitutional problem, cov- ering two years and the whole of India, and though Planting the Seeds a very able and statesmanlike Report was sub- It is important to remember that this Report mitted to Parliament, it met with a very unsymis not an isolated attempt on the part of Great pathetic and even hostile reception in India. Britain to introduce constitutional reforms into India, but the culmination of a long and persist- Finally Government decided to call a Round ent process of training in self-government. For Table Conference in London, composed of delea century and a half, through her schools and col- gates from British India, Rulers of the Native leges modeled on Western lines, her free institu- States and members of Parliament, all sitting on tions and laws, her system of equal justice and an equality, for the consideration of the Indian enlightened administration, Great Britain has constitutional problem. This Conference was been teaching India the arts of government. In called in the Fall of 1930. It was opened amid the fertile soil of the East she has sown the seeds scenes of great splendor by His Majesty, the Kingof democracy and inculcated the ideas of liberty, Emperor in person and presided over by the Prime justice and equality. Those ideas are germinating Minister. The Indian constitutional problem, today. A tremendous impetus was imparted to however, proved to be so complex and baffling that this movement by the Great War in which Indian one conference was not sufficient, and between troops fought side by side with British soldiers 1930 and 1933 no less than three Round Table in the fields of France and Egypt and Mesopo- Conferences were held. On the basis of the recomtamia, shedding their blood in" a common cause. mendations of these Conferences, in 1933 Govern- In that great crisis in human history India demon- ment issued a White Paper, presenting a draft strated on the battlefield her loyalty to the King- constitution for India. This draft scheme was in Emperor. In recognition of India's service and turn referred to a Joint Select Committee of Parin line with past constitutional development, on liament to consider and report to Parliament. August 20, 1917, the Secretary of State for India The Committee was composed of members of both made his f"amous declaration in Parliament: Houses of Parliament, representing the three po- litical parties of England and was presided over The policy of His Majesty's Government is that of the by Lord Linlithgow. The personnel of the Com- mittee was most distinguished, consisting of three increasing association of Indians in every branch of the ex-Viceroys of India, three former Secretaries of State for India, three former Under Secretaries administration and the gradual development of self-gov- of State for India, two ex-Governors of Indian Provinces, four members of the Simon Commiserning institutions with a view to the progressive realiza- sion and other Parliamentarians who had given tion of responsible government in India as an integral part of the British Empire. .

In pursuance of this policy, in 1919 the Mon- tagu-Chelmsford Reforms were introduced, giv- long service to India. Also as members of the ing Indians a much larger share in the government Committee were the Archbishop of Canterbury, [ 167]

Lord Derby and Sir Austin Chamberlain, who ciples for which every Indian who has been in had not been definitely associated with Indian af- consultation with us fought, viz. Provincial autofairs. The Committee sat for eighteen months, nomy, All-India federation, brought about in a held hundreds of meetings and took volumes of comprehensive scheme, not stage by stage, and a testimony from representatives of all classes and scheme which they will find contains in every all interests in India and from all political parties chapter seeds for future growth." in England. Sir Samuel Hoare, Secretary of State for India, appeared before the Committee as a Reception of the Report in Britain witness for nineteen days and answered over six thousand questions. It may safely be said that A Minority Report is presented by the five Lanever in the history of Parliament has so much bor members of the Committee, specifying that expert knowledge been brought to bear on any Dominion Status shall be definitely stated and great Imperial question. pledged in the Constitution as the goal of India~ a goal to be reached gradually and without fur- The New Constitution for India ther Act of Parliament.

The Report recommends a constitution in many In Britain the Report was taken with great respects similar to our own. It calls for an All- seriousness, in keeping with the magnitude of the India Federation or, as we would say in America, issues involved. The conservative papers of the a United States of India. The Federation is to extreme wing were critical and apprehensive that consist of eleven Provinces of British India, two the Report went too far. On the other hand, The of which are now created in deference to strong Daily Herald, organ of the Labor Party, declares Indian demand, and the Native States. The Prov- that the Report is "shot through with timidity inces, as well as the Native States, are to be au- and distrust." With these exceptions, however, tonomous, having full control of all provincial British papers agree that the Report is a statesaffairs. The Provincial Government is to consist man-like document of great weight and authority. of the Governor, his Cabinet of Ministers and the The Daily Telegraph says, "The Report will rank Legislature. All departments of government, in- as one of the greatest State documents of all time." cluding that of Law and Order, are to be in charge The Times characterizes the Report as "massive of Indian Ministers, chosen by the Legislature, to and closely reasoned" and says, "The first impreswhom also the Governor is to be amenable. The sion is the weight of authority behind the Report." Federal Government is to consist of the Governor- It also emphasizes the fact that the main prin- General, his Ministers and the Federal Legisla- ciples of the government scheme, viz. Provincial ture. The Departments of Defense, Foreign Af- autonomy, All-India federation and responsibility fairs and Ecclesiastical Affairs are reserved to at the center, have stood the most searching test. the Governor-General. All other departments are The News Chronicle says, "The Constitution is to be in charge of Indian Ministers, chosen by the not unqualified self-government, but it is at least Legislature. The Federal Legislature is to be a vast step toward self-government. Worked with composed of an Upper and a Lower House, the honesty and goodwill, it should lead to the sub- Lower House to have 375 members of whom 125 stance. Indian opinion would be wise to give it are to be chosen by the Princes and the remainder a fair triaL" A Canadian paper says, "The Canaby British India. Election to the Lower House is dian Confederation of 1867 pales into insignifito be made by the Provincial Legislatures. In cance beside it." A South African paper charaddition to the reservation of Defense, Foreign acterizes it as "a great and noble venture for the Affairs and Ecclesiastical Affairs, the constitution good of India." provides for safeguards, giving special powers to the Governors and the Governor-General, to be Soon after the publication of the Report, Stanexercised in case of grave emergency. The elec- ley Baldwin called a meeting of the Conservative torate is to be increased from seven millions to Party, of which he is the leader, to consider what thirty-five millions, of whom six millions are to should be the attitude of the Party toward the be women. A Reserve Bank is to be established Reform proposals. Led by Winston Churchill and for the maintenance of the financial stability and Lord Lloyd, the die-hards or extreme'Tories in credit of the country. Also there is to be a Su- the Party had worked up a strong opposition to preme Court for the whole of India. Burma is to the Reforms and were loudly asserting that the be separated from India and given a similar con- proposals of Gevernment would lead to disaster. ' stitution. Commenting on the terms of the Con- In the course of the discussion on the resolution, stitution, Sir Samuel Hoare, Secretary of State the Marquis of Salisbury, Winston Churchill and for India, says: "Let Indians mark that they now Sir Henry Page Croft made violent attacks on the have offered in this scheme three essential prin- policy of Government predicting the direst con- sequences. Summing up the issues in a great speech in reply, Stanley Baldwin sounded this

INDIA AT THE CROSSROADS

warning to his countrymen: "Today you have a along constitutional lines. Mahatma Gandhi has good chance of keeping India forever in the Em- withdrawn from Congress and from political ac- pire. If you refuse her this opportunity for self- tivities and is now devoting himself to the social government, you will inevitably lose India, what- and economic uplift of his country. With a few ever you do, before two generations are passed." notable exceptions Congressmen who were put in His speech saved the day. By a vote of 1102 to jail have been released. The fires of the Terrorist 390, a majority of three to one, the Conservative Movement in Bengal are still smoldering and, in Party voted to support Government in its policy fact, are not likely to be quenched until a substan- of giving self-government to India. This victory tial form of self-government is given. But India practically assures the passage of the bill through as a whole is quiet. The Viceroy, Lord Willington, Parliament. addressing the Central Legislature at Delhi on Reception in India August 29, 1934, made these impressive remarks: "The curtain has fallen, I hope finally, on the In India the Nationalist press and leaders raised civil-disobedience movement. That happy result a storm of protest. The Congress Party at once I do not attribute so much to the action taken by called a meeting and moved to fight for the rejec- Government as to the sturdy good sense of the tion of the Report, characterizing it as "retro- mass of the people of India. They recognize that grade," "reactionary" and "framed in a spirit of true progress cannot be secured by carrying on suspicion and distrust." The Bombay Chronicle an unmeaning and futile struggle with constitusays, "The Report is an insult to India." The tional authority or by revolutionary methods." Ananda Patrika, "The Report will satisfy none." What, then, will India do with the new Constitu- The Leader, "The scheme is unworthy of England tion? That is the momentous question of th~.hour. to offer and of India to accept." Even moderate opinion is dissatisfied. Mr. C. Y. Chintamani Congress or the Indian Nationalist Party, (Liberal) says, "The whole scheme is unaccept- though having abandoned unconstitutional methable to progressive Indian opinion." Mr. P. N. ods, still holds firmly to the avowed objective of Sapru (member of Council of State) says, "The complete independence for India, even demanding proposed reforms are not calculated to satisfy any control of the army and foreign affairs, which section of responsible opinion." Sir P. S. Siva- are reserved subjects under the new Constitution. swamy Ayyar and other leading Liberals of Mad- In the recent elections to the Central Assembly, to ras, in a joint statement, say that unless the the surprise of all, Congress won sweeping vicscheme can be radically altered and improved, "it tories and consequently will enter the new Aswill fail to satisfy the people of India or bring sembly with a very strong representation. The political peace and contentment." Sir Tej Baha- Party is sure to move the rejection of the new dur Sapru, the outstanding advocate of constitu- Constitution. Fortunately, her strength is limited tional reform in India and leading support.er of constitutionally, and unless she can win over other the Government scheme as set forth in the White parties to her side, she is not likely to wreck the Paper, cabled to the News Chronicle of London as Constitution.

follows: The Liberal Party and the Moslems The Report has been conceived in an over-cautious spirit The goal of the Liberal Party is not independand the Committee have been more anxious to conciliate ence but Dominion Status. Its members value the English Conservatives than India, and have accordingly benefits of the British connection and think that intensified the conservative character of the constitution. India can best attain to her high destiny as a No wonder that even middle-minded Indians will feel dis- member of the British Commonw€alth of Nations. appointed, Enthusiasm over the Report is out of the While recognizing that the attainment of this end question, and while I anticipate strong criticism from pro- must be by successive stages and that there must gressive moderate elements, I feel sure that the Congress be in the nature of the case a transition period, with its renewed strength in the Assembly will move its rejection.

The Reforms or Revolution? no form of constitution would satisfy them which did not have Dominion Status as its goal. As the From one point of view it may be said that Hon. Snivivasa Sastriar, one of the leading Libconditions in India at large are more favorable erals of Madras, puts it, "We must make Dominfor the reception of the reforms than ever before. ion Status a test of th€ reforms, and if they fail After a conflict of fourteen years with Govern- to satisfy that test we must not hesitate to dement with the weapons of boycott and non-vio- nounce them as a breach of faith." Now the prolence, the Indian Congress or Nationalist Party posed Constitution as drafted makes no reference has at last awakened to the realities of the situa- to Dominion Status. The word is not even found tion and abandoned civil-disobedience as a policy, in the voluminous Report. Remembering the decproposing now to enter the Legislatures and work laration of Lord Irwin when he was Viceroy in

1929, that "the natural issue of Indian constitu- ing statement of Mr. H. M. J aganatham, member tional progress is the attainment of Dominion of the Madras Legislative Assembly, may be tak- Status," and the declaration of the Prime Min- en: ister to the same effect at the First Round Table Conference, the omission has profoundly disturbed The recommendations of the Joint Select Committee are the Indian mind. It is all the more marked in in the best interests of India in general and the minority view of the fact that' the Minority Report, pre- communities in particular. As a member of the Depressed sented by the Labor members, insists that Domin- Class community and as one who is striving to secure for ion Status as the goal should be incorporated in them the maximum advantages, I offer my profound thanks the Constitution and definitely pledged to India. to the members of the Committee who have gone into every On that point Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, the leading question affecting the future of India and arrived at conconstitutional lawyer in India and former member clusions which would place India on the sure and steady of the Viceroy's Council, clearly takes his stand: path of constitutional advancement. "I agree with Labor that Dominion Status must be definitely pledged and India planted firmly on Will the Princes Come In? the road. Nothing has shaken India's faith more than the repeated attempts in Parliament to dis- The Native States, numbering over six hunown the Prime Minister's and the Viceroy's dec- dred and comprising one-third of the territory and larations. It is all the more necessary now to one-fourth of the population of India, some of assure her that her position and powers will not them as large as European nations, occupy an imbe lower than those of a Dominion." With that portant and strategic position in Indian national assurance the support of the Liberal Party would life. What, then, is the attitude of the rulers of not be in doubt. these states toward the proposed reforms? Brit- ish statesmen have long dreamed of an Indian The Moslems in India, numbering seventy mil- federation in which this vast and heterogeneous lions, may be relied upon to support the Consti- mass of diverse races and nations which we call tution, with the possible exception of the small India would be welded into a unity, but that dream body in the Congress Party. Though dissatisfied has ever remained unfulfilled. Even the Simon with some features of the Report, they know that Commission, though impressed with the potentialit is in their interest to accept it. Under the terms ities of such a scheme, dismissed it as beyond the of the new Constitution, one-third of British India realm of practical politics. But at times in the seats in the Central Legislature are allotted to life of nations events move with startling rapidity. Moslems, and in many other ways their interests And so it was in this case. At the opening of the are safeguarded. The Moslem papers in general First Round Table Conference in London in N0support the Reforms. Sir Mohammed Usman vember, 1930, when the delegates from India and Sahib, one-time acting Governor of Madras and England were assembled in St. James Palace, the one of the leading Moslems of India, says: "The Princes made their historic declaration, signify- Report is conceived in a generous spirit towards ing their willingness to join an All-India federa- India. The advance proposed is real and very tion.. Speaking on behalf of his fellow Princes, great. I particularly welcome the transfer of Law the Maharajah of Bikinir expressed his convicand Order to Ministers, without which there would tion that "the States would make their best conbe no real Provincial autonomy. The safeguards tribution to the greater prosperity and contentsuggested are very necessary. We must all work ment of India as a whole in a federal system of the new Constitution in a spirit of cooperation Government composed of the States and British and good-will toward Great Britain." India." This statement changed the whole politi- cal picture in an instant, lifted the Conference to Hope for the Depressed Classes a new level, far above party considerations, and by a master-stroke laid the foundations of the The Depressed Classes, numbering sixty mil- constitutional structure which is before Parlialions, cannot fail to recognize the new Constitu- ment today. tion as a boon to their down-trodden community. Taking Madras as an example, out of a total of But that was four years ago. The Constitution 215 seats in the Legislative Assembly, the De- provides that the federation shall not come into pressed Classes are given in the proposed Consti- existence until the rulers of not less than half of tution no less than thirty seats. Adding to these the population of the States and entitled to not the nine seats assigned to the Indian Christians, less than half the seats allocated to the States in most of whom are of outcaste extraction, they the Federal Upper Chamber have signified their would have a total of 39 seats or 18% of the total desire to accede. The question, then, arises, number of seats in the Assembly. As an expres- whether or not this condition will be fulfilled. sion of this community on the reforms, the follow- Since the original declaration was made some of the Princes have appeared to be opposed to the federal scheme and others lukewarm in their in- terest. But it may safely be said that the federal

plan still holds the field. Only last month Sir five years of distinguished service in a very diffi- Samuel Hoare in the House of Commons said, "I cult time in India. "I may say from what I have have no reason to suppose the Princes have in any seen in Madras and at Simla that I am personally way altered their position." Though accession to optimistic and believe that a solution can be found the federation on the part of the Princes is en- such as to make India a happy and contented tirely voluntary, self-interest, if nothing else, must partner of the British Empire." And then speak- inevitably bring them in. A State outside of the ing of the able Indian administrators with whom federation, with no voice in the formation of an he had been associated in Madras, he humorously All-India policy would find itself hopelessly handi- added that he looked forward to the day when he capped. Furthermore, all the larger and more would hear that one of his friends from Madras important States such as Hyderabad, Mysore, was going to be the first Prime Minister of India!

Bikinir, Baroda, Kashmir and many others stand The Call of the Hour firmly by the federation plan. Less than two months ago the Dewan, or Prime Minister, of My- The hour calls for bold and courageous action sore, which is one of the largest and most progres- on the part of Great Britain. India is moving sive of the Indian States, addressing the Mysore swiftly these days. She is thoroughly awake and Representative Assembly, said, "It is necessary aroused. No half measures will now suffice. What for us all to pull together and to do everything would have satisfied her a decade ago will not satthat is possible to make Mysore a worthy unit of isfy her now. Five years ago the Congress Party the federation of the future." This fairly repre- stood for Dominion Status. Now they are revolusents the attitude of a large majority of the Indian tionaries demanding independence. It may not be States. possible-it will not be possible-to satisfy the India's Opportunity Extremists. But the great mass of the Indian peo- General Smuts, former Prime Minister of South ple are not Extremists. The heart of India is sound Africa, on a recent visit to England said, "My and still clings with loyalty and devotion to the message to India would be to work the reforms great nation to which, in the Providence of God, successfully and so prepare themselves for the she has been bound for two centuries. To this' next stage." No wiser counsel could be given in body of sensible and moderate opinion in India, this critical hour than this word spoken by a Great Britain must now appeal. England is strong great friend of India. That the proposed consti- and powerful. She can afford to be generous. But tution represents a great advance in self-govern- the cooperation of India is essential. The new ment in India no fair-minded man can deny. It is Constitution must be worked by the people and, not all that India desires or may fairly claim. It if it is to be successful, it must be worked with is true that the safe-guards loom large, but, as the good-will and contentment. No constitution can Committee points out, these are designed only for be forced on a country at the point of the bayonet. grave emergencies and would not ordinarily be The legitimate aspiration of India must be met. brought into use; and even when the Governor That aspiration can be satisfied only with real, exercises his special powers it would be in con- responsible government, or Dominion Status, as sultation with his Ministers. Furthermore, the its goal. Full and frank assurance of this should Constitution is still in its formative stage. The be embodied in the constitution beyond all manner Bill is now before Parliament and as it is debated of doubt. This would then form a rallying point in Parliament during the ensuing months, it will for all men of goodwill and carry the great underbe subject to modification, revision and amend- taking through to a successful issue. ment. During this period, then, let India fight for her rights with stout heart and good courage, In 1907 Great Britain boldly and generously seeking to get all that she can, and then accept the granted self-government to the ex-Boer Republic, final verdict with cheerful spirit and determina- though counsels of timidity and worldly wisdom tion to prove herself worthy of the Constitution dictated far otherwise. That act of faith won the which has been given her. The statement of the heart of' the Boers and saved South Africa for Select Committee is quite true. "The success of a the British Empire. And now once again, in the constitution depends far more upon the manner course 9f human events, Great Britain is called and spirit in which it is worked than upon its upon to exercise that same faith and, by a great formal provisions." act of statesmanship, to bind India to herself in lasting ties of friendship as a free partner in the In November last Sir George Stanley, Governor British Commonwealth of Nations.

of Madras and for a time acting Viceroy of India, The Outlook for Christianity at the farewell meeting given in his honor on the eve of his departure for England, uttered these ".. What, then, is· the outlook for Christianity hopeful words, spoken out of the experience of under the Reforms. Some view the future with

fear and apprehension. When once the protecting ment of that liberty, we believe that she needs hand of Great Britain is removed, what will be most of all the guiding hand of God and the up- the fate of Christian Missions? Having seized lifting and transforming power of Christ.

the reins, will India tolerate Christian propa- A short time ago there was a unique gathering ganda? Will not the proud spirit of the Brahmin in the ashram of the great Bengali poet, Sir assert itself and sweep away the last vestige of Rabindhra Nath Tagore, at Santiniketan (the the white man's religion? Abode of Peace). It was Christmas Eve. The Such thoughts are born of fear. For ourselves little company had gathered there, at the invita- we have faith in God. In the first place it must tion of the poet, to commemorate the birth of be remembered that after two centuries of strug- Christ. Think of it-a Christian service in a gle, Christianity is now firmly planted in the soil Hindu ashram in memory of Christ! How strange of India. It is no longer an exotic. The seed has and yet how fitting! Men of the East, as of old, been sown far and wide and already there is a bowing at the feet of Jesus! And as they were rich harvest. With six million Christians won gathered there the poet gave his message in these from every race and caste and religion in that words: "Let us bow to Jesus Christ who revealed great land, with her schools and colleges for the to man the divinity of love." While such homage education and training of Christian leaders, with is far from adequate surely the nation that thus a vast army of Indian workers set apart to Chris- bows reverently before Christ, led by one of the tian service and pushing out into every bazaar greatest of her sons, will finally come to claim and market-place, with an Indian Church, strong Him as her own.

and aggressive, rapidly growing in self-support and self-government, Christianity is well prepared to take her place as a vital force in the life of the A CALL TO PRAYER FOR INDIA Nation that is to be. Christian leaders and British Missionary socie- ties have issued a call to prayer for India in view Nor is this all. Far beyond numerical strength, of the great problems presented in the proposed outward organization and external forms, the new constitution. Strong opposing forces in Great vital force of Christianity has been at work now Britain and in India are lined up in the matter for two centuries, silently and irresistibly, in the of Dominion Status and home rule. What British hearts of the people and has wrought a revolu- statesmen offer, multitudes of Indians refuse to tion. The Bible has become one of the Sacred accept, and what Indian moderates demand, the Books of the Hindus and Christ is looked upon British believe will lead to widespread disorder. by multitudes as one of their Avatars. In the As the call to prayer says: "No skill of man can past Christianity has been handicapped by the bring peace to India or Great Britain or to any dominance of the foreigner. It has been tied, so other country, but only the will of God." to speak, to a Western power and entangled in the meshes of Western civilization. Freed from Prayer is asked especially for the Viceroy of this handicap, we may expect Christ to move on India and for governors of provinces, and for all to new victories and to lay still deeper hold on upon whom responsibilities will lie during the the mind and heart of India. coming period of transition, that they may have "a single eye to India's welfare and a sensitive In the second place, Christianity has always regard for her national honor." Pray "that all stood for freedom. Freedom is the very air it faults of temper, whether in Britain or India, breathes. In every land and among every people may be forgiven; and that they may not be al- Christians have befriended the downtrodden and lowed to blind the people to the genuine goodwill the oppressed and have struck off the shackles of which each feels for the other." the slave. As Christians, therefore, and followers of Him who came to set men free, we cannot fail to sympathize with this great people in their aspiration for liberty and self-government. We Dr. Azariah, the Bishop of Dornakal, reports must wish them well. We must stand by as friends that in a recent campaign to preach Christianity and helpers. We must wish for India the attain- to caste people, 2,693 villages were visited, nearly ment of her birthright as a free and self-govern- 12,000 men and women taking part in the caming people. As such we welcome the Reforms. paign; with the result that over 8,000 people in We see in them the working of the overruling nearly 300 villages have asked for further Chris- .

Providence of God. We see India taking her place tian instruction. The same story of spectacular among the nations of the earth as a free and in- advance is told by other missions in the same dependent people. We see her planted firmly on area, and the problem of teaching the great mass the road to liberty. And in the long and arduous of new Christians is one which is exercising the struggle which lies before her for the full attain- Churches and Missions concerned.

Christians Among the Telugus*

~I By REV. C. H. SMILEY, Bitaspur, C. p. Disciples of Christ Mission ~==========================~ T HE Sudras of the Telegu area are coming to New Testament given him by a school master. A Christ-already nearly thirty thousand in young village munsif was called through the read- number, including many of wealth and influ- ing of tracts on the "Cure for Sin" and "The True ence. Practically all the groups within the Sudra Shelter." Six years ago a young goldsmith had a caste from the highest to the lowest are now rep- dream in which he saw his heart before him with resented in the Church. Each year the movement all its sin. Then Christ appeared in a picture with is growing in force. wounded hands and feet and the words written, There are three main centres of the movement. "For you and the sinful world I have come. See In the Nizam's Dominions, Nirmal, beyond Medak, my hands."

the British Methodist field, is the center of a con- In the lower Sudra groups the movement takes siderable movement of caste people to Christ. on more of the characteristics of a group move- Both the caste and outcaste people are coming ment. The lives of these people have been affected together into the new fellowship. In the Church in the same vital way as the higher groups. They Missionary Society Kistna field of Madras many too have come seeking salvation. Many social influential Sudras have come and there is a long changes for the betterment of the groups are also list of enquirers. 'Jihe Yanadis, Waddaras, and evident. The nomadic groups have given up large- Erukulas of the lower Sudra groups are also com- ly their wandering life and show a tendency to ing in large numbers. The third important center settle in one place where regular worship may be adj oining the Kistna field is the Palnad area in held and their children educated. The groups the Lutheran and American Baptist Mission fields. subject to the Criminal Tribe Act show a noted Here the landlor~~ and village munsifs stand out improvement toward upright and honest lives. It prominently in the lists of converts. The move- is quite evident that they have caught something ment is also in its beginning in the Canadian of the ideals of the Christian way of life and have Baptist field in the north of the Presidency where realized that life must now be lived on a higher caste women at one center are coming and there ethical plane. A new life of inner peace, joy and are converts and enquirers from the fishermen purpose has come to these followers of Christ.

caste group. There are twenty-five other places Caste converts are also showing a changed at- where the movement is under way. titude towards Christians of Depressed Classes.

The Sudras are having a vital' experience of Caste lines are still held when it comes to inter- the transforming power of Christ in their lives. marriage although there are cases where caste Over large areas the change is manifest and the differences have been done away with even in joy and victory of the new experience is written marriage. Inter-dining is more common. The upon their countenances. Their coming is more most hopeful feature of the situation is the extent impressive when it is recalled that the Christian to which caste converts have accepted the leader- religion in this area has been associated with the ship in the Church of the Depressed Class and outcaste community. The radical changes brought now accept communion with them.

about in their lives have been evident so that ob- These Sudras coming to Christ undergo perse- servant Sudras have come to realize that Christ cution. It has not been easy for these influential alone can transform the lives of individuals and men and women to take this step and many hin- communities. drances were put in their way before baptism.

The element of the supernatural is evident in One man testified that his crops had been burned the conversion of many Sudras. When the mem- after his baptism. Another influential leader lost bers of the Sudra Movement Survey Team asked the right to a large inheritance of more than Rs.

the question, "Who chiefly influenced your deci- 40,000. One young man was denied the fellowship sion to become a Christian?" the reply from some of his home and family. Abuse has been heaped was "God." Others related experiences of the upon them, and some have been dragged into the miraculous in their conversions. One young courts under false charges. Yet in the great ma- Telugu made his decision through reading the jority of cases these new converts have remained • From the Indian 'Witness, January 24, 1935. faithful. Their faith has given them power to [173 ]

endure. Most of them have remained near their rejected, and downtrodden people of the Untouchrelatives throughout the persecution, with the re- able groups. sult in many places that the very persecutors have come to the feet of Christ. A caste leader, whose Today many leaders in the Church, schools, and son was baptized and was severely persecuted by the Sudra Movement have come from the outcaste an elder brother, stood by his son and was later community~ The Christian mission leaders have baptized. The elder brother was also converted taught them to worship the one true God. Christ through observing the new courage and change has become a reality to them and their lives have in the life of his relative. been transformed. Gradually the persecution les- sened when changes for the better became evident. Spreading the Good News The resentment of the caste people changed to amazement that such marvellous changes could Observers in the Sudra Movement areas are be wrought in the lives of those formerly hopeless deeply impressed by the spontaneous zeal of these people. More careful observation was made into converts in spreading the Good News to their the causes of these changes and gradually it relatives and friends. These influential men and dawned upon the Sudras that Christ alone was women are most zealous and courageous in their the transforming power. The Sudras began to witness to the unsaved around them. One caste read the record of Christ's life. There was furfamily was led to Christ by the daily life and ther observation and then finally acceptance of witness of a Christian servant girl in the home. the religion which had wrought such wonders. She read her Bible daily and taught the widowed There in the villages among the lowly and downdaughter of the family who soon became a be- trodden was God's great field of demonstration liever in Christ. These two then prayed together over a period of a half century and more. daily for the conversion of the mother, who soon gave up her idolatry and accepted Christ. The One Tamil Christian headmaster of more than three then won the father and aged mother in the thirty years residence in the Telugu area, when home and then began to give the message to their asked the reason for the Sudras coming to Christ, neighbors. One outstanding neighbor has already at once replied, "Seeing the improved condition had a vital experience of the transforming power of the Depressed Classes who have come into the of Christ in his life. One bania woman convert is Church." One prominent Reddi convert testified, working regularly on her own time to win her "When I saw the high attainments of the Decaste people and others. One Brahman woman pressed Class Christians this encouraged me to convert is giving full time to zenana work, her become a Christian." Another influential Sudra salary being paid by her son, a Hindu pleader. enquirer, whose relatives had already been bap- One of the lower Sudra caste converts, along with tized, gave a striking testimony. his son-in-law, has been preparing twenty families for baptism. Outstanding in witnessing "Do you believe that the Christians of Deamong the men is Poda Rangaiah, the convert pressed Class origin have been made better by who was disinherited of a large fortune when he Christianity?" he was asked. came to Christ in 1915. . For fifteen years he worked as an unpaid evangelist, supporting him- "The change is beyond comparison. They are self from the few acres of fields still remaining in now living by· order and wisdom while formerly his possession. He has become so effective as a they were wild and lawless." speaker and singer that he now rents out his fields and works on a small salary giving full time to "Why have they been so changed?" winning his own caste people. There is already the beginnings of a strong Church in his native "Because of the teaching of religion of Christ village. This voluntary witnessing on the part of and having made Him their Guru …… For forty new caste converts is a great strength in the pres- years I have observed this influence in the Chrisent movement of Sudras to Christianity. tians of Depressed Class origin. The same power working in us Reddis should bring great change It is evident that the sources of the Sudras' quickly." inspiration is the widespread transformation by the Christian religion of the outcaste groups. The The Telugu Sudra Movement is well under way Christian movement in the Telugu area began in and another decade will doubtless show great the outcaste communities and throughout the gains all along the line. This marks another era in years until the last decade has been largely con- the Church in India. The knowledge of this sigfined to these groups. It is significant that men nificant movement and the personalities associated and women of wealth and influence should turn with it should be spread to the churches and iso- . to a religion so long associated witfl the despised, lated Christian groups everywhere. Christian leaders and workers everywhere will again take new courage and inspiration. New movements in other areas will get under way. Truly God is at work in the land. The Cross of Christ goes on from victory to victory.

One Pastor Did for

By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D., LL.D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE sudden death on January 18,1935, of the him present arguments for Foreign Missions. His writer's older brother, Rev. Dr. Lapsley Arm- line was to tell about the work, to quote the Scrip- strong McAfee, at Dumaguete, Philippine ture warrants, to point out the spirit and com- Islands, suggests a brief review of a somewhat mand of C4rist and to take obedience for granted: remarkable missionary ministry. Never on the It was a marked asset of his ministry. Not all of mission field himself, except as a visitor, Dr. Mc- his church people believed in missions, any more Afee has had a wider world influence than most than is the case in most churches, but he kept ministers ever attain. It is doubtful if a score of confronting them with the world and with the pastors in the world have influenced the mission- Word and they had to have it out with those two ary purpose of more actual missionaries at home irresistible facts~ and abroad than he was able to do. Yet he was After a brief initial pastorate in the church at never connected with any missionary training in- Park College, his health made it necessary for him stitution, and except for a brief early pastorate in to go to a western parish, and he spent a few connection with Park College, Missouri, which at years in Phrenix, Arizona, where he came into that time was sending out considerable numbers direct touch with the work of missions among the of definite Christian workers, he had little to do Indians and on the American frontier. This ex- with institutional life. He was an ordinary, work- perience turned all theory into practice, and he ing pastor, near a university and awake consist- never bothered much with distinctions between ently to his opportunities for creating and main- home and foreign in making Christ known. That taining the Christian world-mindedness of the was a matter for administration, not for discus- members of his congregation. Moreover, he was sion among Christian believers. never the pastor of what would be reckoned a Then Dr. McAfee removed to Berkeley, Cali- wealthy church, though his last church grew to fornia, and presently became pastor of the First large numbers with the years. Its gifts to mis- Presbyterian Church there. During his pastorate sionary work were largely in terms of life rather the entire San Francisco Bay region fell into one than of funds. During one pastorate of twenty- field for the Presbyterians and he came into close five years he saw more than 150 men and women relation to another phase of mission work-the give themselves to whole-time Christian service- city, the last frontier of American life-for he be- in the ministry and other forms of missionary came an active leader in the development of work in America or elsewhere. It is a record Church extension throughout the whole area. The which may well be analyzed. Berkeley church is very near the campus of the Dr. Lapsley McAfee received the beginning of University of California with its thousands of his missionary interest in his boyhood home where students. Here he gave twenty-five years of his his father and mother, President and Mrs. John strongest service, not primarily for students but A. McAfee of Park College, were well ahead of for all the people of his congregation. He drew their time in their interest in world-wide evan- no lines between town and gown in his program gelism. Mrs. McAfee, especially, was a leader in nor in his interest. He set himself to make as organized women's work in the Presbyterian worthy a Christian Church as he could. No such Church and had part in the founding of the Church could have a timid or hesitant missionary Women's Board of the Southwest, a strong Pres- spirit. His antidote for worldly-mindedness was byterian Board of Foreign Missions with head- world-mindedness. By all measurements the re- quarters in St. Louis, Missouri. It was from his suIt was a spiritual Church of unusual attain- parents and experiences in his early home, as mis- ments.

sionaries and other church leaders visited it from No one ever claimed that Dr. McAfee was a time to time, that Dr. Lapsley McAfee came to preacher of unusual ability. His sermonic meth- take world missions for granted, a Christian duty ods would bear a great deal of discussion. It is not to be discussed but to be performed. Few somewhat arresting that after more than fortyduring his long ministry could now recall hearing five years of preaching, nearly all in active pas- [175 ]

torates, we find hardly a line of sermon outline or young people's societies (which resembled a of sermon notes anywhere in his files! That was county or state convention during the winter sea- not his method. He was strongly and persistently son) as he would name one and another to a biblical in his material, and it was his custom to visitor. One of his young people cannot recall walk his study floor in company with a text or that he ever led one of the meetings nor ever gave a theme for the coming Sunday until an outline instructions about how it should be done. That came to him which he would fill out sometimes was their business. Yet after it was over almost largely in the pulpit. This did not make for anyone present would realize that these young powerful sermonizing and that was not his forte. people had been unconsciously under his influence.

To be sure, if real preaching means the taking of One observer said, years after he had been in the some truth of God and making it so clear to hear- group: "There is a vitality about young people ers that they both see it and set out to live by it, who grew up under Dr. McAfee that you cannot then he was a powerful preacher. But if preach- miss."

ing requires building up an argument with a body This means that the pastor thought of people in of truths, and making primary appeal to the minds individual terms, not as members of a group; and of hearers, then his greatness as a preacher might it is in these terms that the great decisions and be questioned. And it is wholly unimportant. attitudes are settled. It means also that his con- A Builder of Missionary Interest cern for world missions could not seem to be a mere academic question, even the most indifferent.

Two especial and well developed powers gave It was part of life, always expressed in perfectly him strength as a builder of missionary interest. normal, vital terms, like everything else with which he concerned himself and his people. He 1. For one thing, he had and cultivated a sin- was never an abstract advocate of missions. The cere personal concern for everybody whom he whole work was a matter of persons-some needmet. He knew his people and their condition as ing, some helping. Social institutions had their few pastors do. On a mere casual test with his place but they were for persons and those persons Church handbook, he one day gave immediately were of first importance. the address and telephone number of more than a score of people chosen haphazard by a visitor. 2. The second power which Dr. McAfee used to This would be a waste of energy for most minis- the full was his ability to maintain an accent withters; it came naturally to him and he developed out making it a hobby. World missions was to it because it gave him a relation to his people him a matter of course, as has been said, and which was essential to his ministry. His interest therefore it had its place anywhere along the way. was never affected; it was always as genuine as This was rooted partly in a soundly conservative Christian faith, which did not concern itself it appeared to be. greatly with critical questions and current philos- This meant that he held both in mind and in ophies, but grew into full assurance regarding heart the hundreds of students and other young Christ and His saving power, and regarding man people who came to his church and its vigorous and his inescapable need for Christ. To Dr. Mcyoung people's societies. He knew them and real- Afee that was as true in Berkeley as in Bombay, in ized what their individual problems were and California as in China. None of his hearers is what were their prospects as well. He did not apt to recall any hesitant word in his message. need to waste any time overtaking the last talk He knew whom he believed and whom he wanted he had with them. Early in his California min- all men to believe. That is foundation enough for istry he became an influential advisor of the Chris- the missionary appeal. tian Endeavor forces of the State and probably knew by face and name more young people in the He made this appeal in various ways. (1) To Pacific coast region than any other one religious the very end he kept up the practice of the monthly leader. He never felt it necessary to strike a low midweek meeting of prayer for missions – each note among them. He knew how to play games; month taking up that subject as naturally as the he was a natural singer so that he led them in all month came around. In this way he made world kinds of musical events; but he was essentially conditions and missionary work a definite part of and all the time the Christian minister who knew the spiritual life of the Church. Any pastor can them in behalf of Christ first of all. do that if he will. The meeting was varied and He knew the children of the families and unexpected and it cost a great deal of work for'

watched their spiritual advancement, so that he somebody, but the subject was big enough to war- could keep his eye on prospective candidates for rant the cost.

Christian service. It is not likely that he knew (2) He soon established in his prayer meeting all the children in the very large Sunday school, room, where also one group of his young people but it was arresting to hear him in his several met, a large map of the world with Berkeley

WHAT ONE PASTOR DID FOR MISSIONS

plainly marked and with cords running out from in many Christian lives, to be taken as naturally the Church to all the places in the world where as any other step. Parents were not aghast when former members of the Church were at work. It sons or daughters mentioned becoming mission- became a highly tangled map before his twenty- aries and the sons and daughters did not have the five years were over, but it could not fail to bring impression that they had done some unique and inspiration to worshipers and even to casual vis- staggering thing. With needy men always in itors. Moreover it ensured continuous and intel- mind and a commanding Christ always in sight ligent prayer for the world. and a saving Gospel always presented, why should (3) It was Dr. McAfee's custom also, and it is one not be a missionary if opportunity offered?

a growing custom now of Presbyterian pastors, to Something very beautiful was done before Dr.

have in his pulpit the "Year Book of Prayer for McAfee left the pastorate of the Berkeley church.

Missions" issued by the Presbyterian Church and A large bronze tablet was erected in the wall of to sketch before the pastoral prayer the fields and the church sanctuary, showing his portrait well persons suggested for prayer during the week then wrought out and the names of 137 men and women opening. Often it was possible to indicate some who had entered all-time Christian service dur- one person who had been in the church either as ing his pastorate. That number has now been a member or a speaker, to connect the field with reckoned as more than 150. The list included some interest in the church in business or other- workers in Africa, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, China, wise, in some way to make the prayer vital. In India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Palestine, Persia, the prayer itself there was no laboring of the same the Philippine Islands, Siam, Syria, and a long material. This was taken for granted as in the roster in the United States of America! These hearts of worshipers. He once said: "Reading were all from his church. If there could be added that material is part of the prayer; God hears it the larger number whom his life had touched in and the people hear it." But this habit tended other churches, in the adjacent Theological Sem- again to keep world missions from being narrowed inary, in the Young People's conferences on the to some single field of interest or to the work of coast and elsewhere, in casual t;!ontacts, it would some familiar figure in the missionary ranks. The be an immense roll.

Jewish rabbis used to say that a prayer which did Dr. McAfee's death came in a beautiful way.

not mention the Kingdom is no prayer. Dr. Mc- Having retired from his pulpit as he approached Afee was not a hobbyist, even for missions, but 70 years of age, and having seen it occupied by it is doubtful if there occurred in his services any another earnest missionary advocate, Dr. Francis considerable or comprehensive prayer which did Shunk Downs, his heart turned again to that part not somewhere include the world work of the of the field which he had barely seen-the foreign Church. mission area. His only sister, Mrs. George S.

(4) His people recall that he made much of the McCune, the wife of the President of the Union presence of missionaries when they came into the Christian College in Pyengyang, had been in neighborhood. He gave the impression, says one Chosen for many years. He knew and loved also of his hearers, that a missionary from the home many other missionaries in Chosen and Japan, in or the foreign field was the most honored person China and the whole Far East. He and Mrs. Mc- who could visit the church. The visitor was sure Afee determined upon a visit to the field, though to know something that the people did not know he was fairly warned that it might be at peril of and it was their opportunity to learn. To be sure, his life. After a few months in Chosen, where he Dr. McAfee had his experiences of missionaries brought inspiration to many missionaries, Korean who, with all their virtues, could not make' a good pastors, students and others, "as few visitors have speech about their work. Then he had to save the ever done," he went to the Philippine Islands for situation himself, which he could not always do, the cold months of winter and there, soon after his as he ruefully remarked one day. But he exulted arrival, in the home of President Roy H. Brown, in the coming of a missionary and from most of of the Silliman Institute, trouble arose with his them his people received the inspiration he de- heart and he went to be with his Lord.

sired. Meanwhile, every missionary went away Here was no marvelous preacher, no striking with the assurance that he had in the pastor a figure of ecclesiastical leadership, no author of dear friend and a warm welcome awaited him volumes. Here was a pastor, committed first of there whenever he might return. all to his Master and then to his people; and in All this did not raise money, but it created a the effort to bring the people into closer fellowship missionary atmosphere, which is the central neces- with his Lord he was driven to keen and lasting sity of a missionary church. Out of it came a sense of the world mission of the Gospel which he steady stream of young life dedicated to Chris- so fully believed. What he did in his church any tian service. The church came to see that being pastor can do-not always in such quantity but a missionary is no marvel but merely a next step always in the same quality.

"All Things to All Men" in Korea*

By REV. s. F. Miller, Chung-ju, Chosen Missionary of the Presbyterian Church A S A MISSIONARY sat in his study he heard onto it and from there to the top of the wall by .r-. the kitchen door hastily opened and some- the aid of a Japanese who reached a hand down one cross the floor. It was the "boy" all to give him a lift.

out of breath. On the way back the missionary found a group "There is a fire in the village and I came for of refugees who were afraid to venture into the the fire extinguisher." The missionary opened his swift waters to re.ach safety, so he led some and closet door, grasped the handle of a bucket of carried others across, including one blind man.

extra charges and he and the "boy" carried the When he reached home the Christians asked, extinguisher down the steep hill to the village. "What will these people do for supper, the chil- The straw roof of a house was in a blaze and dren are crying from hunger." Then the mis- women were carrying water on their heads from sionary saw how the Lord had foreseen this cir- the village well, while the men with gourds were cumstance and provided for it.

sprinkling it on the roof, but making no impres- The Chinese carpenters and masons, on finish- sion on the blaze. ing the house and leaving a few days before, had The missionary upturned the extinguisher and asked him to buy three bags of flour which re- directed a thin stream of soda-water onto the roof. mained of their supply. He had done so, won- Immediately the flame died down revealing a sur- dering whether they would keep till used. Now prised man who had been working behind the this flour was used for dumplings and after all smokescreen and wanted to know who had been had eaten they lay down for the night.

squirting water on him. In the meantime the Years later, as the missionary was giving some "boy" had prepared another charge of water, leaflets to a group of farmhands in a ricefield, he soda, and acid, and it extinguished the fire. heard one say quietly, "He is the man who helped A group of old men looking over the fence re- us during the flood"-and the leaflets were ac- marked: "The missionary with his medicine can cepted.

is better than a village of watercarriers." *** This was just one of the little things that make As a missionary pedaled his "go-of-itself-wheel" it easier to preach the Gospel. along a narrow bridlepath down a mountain val- ley, he saw a woman running with alJ…her speed, *** weeping while she called someone who had disap- peared between the natural hedges. He jumped A missionary had been kept awake all night by to the ground and asked what the trouble was. the downpour of water from the sky and eaves and the roaring of a torrent down the hill. It had "My son and I quarreled this morning and he been the worst cloudburst in Chungju in ninety has run away down this road and I can't catch up years, old folks said. with him. What shall I do!"

At daybreak, as he was trying to make up for "Just follow me and I'll catch up with him on lost sleep, the Korea assistant pastor came to say my wheel. Do not hurry, I'll hold him till you that the levee had broken and a crowd of refugees come." were coming to the compound. By the time the missionary had dressed the levee had broken again The bicycler soon reached the boy and asked, j.ust below the house, leaving 200 people standing "Where are you going in such a hurry? You look between two breaks and 100 outside the gate seek- as if you had quarreled with your mother and ing a refuge. He opened the new Bible Institute were running away in your anger. Tell me all building and filled it, the rest finding places in the about it." temporary carpentershop and in the village.

The levee broke in five places, 400 houses were "How do you know all about me?" asked the washed away and forty people in the town were boy, thinking. "These West Sea men's eyes look drowned. In the afternoon the missionary right through a-fellow." He told the truth.

waded and swam to the wall of the city; the water Presently the mother caught up and between was filthy, snakes and other vermin swam here the missionary's urging and the mother's plead- and there. He found a thatch roof of a house ing, the boy agreed to return. The missionary washed against the wall and managed to crawl urged them to let Jesus help them to live in peace, • Condensed from The Korean Mission Field. and offered the boy some Christian leaflets.

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the Student World*

By HOWARD GUINNESS, M.D.

Student Evangelist of the Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship "IN SPITE of failures in the past, the evan- other spheres? We believe not for the following gelization of the world in this generation is reasons: still possible," said the men and women stu- 1. At the universities and colleges are gath~ dents of the Liverpool University at Park Gate ered the men and women whose influence is likely Retreat in 1933. to be far-reaching. They are being trained as "I can do nothing for China; but God can," leaders of the future-teachers and college pro- said a great missionary. afedsmsionirs~trdaotcotrosr,s and lawyers, preachers, writers, When asked, "What can a woman do," Mary athletes who often get a hearing, Slessor replied, "The question is not what can a especially among young people, where scholars woman do?" but "What can a woman's God do?" fail to do so.

Broken in health after seven years of mission- 2. Men and women passing through their three ary work on the Chinese coast, Hudson Taylor to five years at the universities are impressioncould not silence the ceaseless cry of China's mil- able. If they do not meet Christ there, many of lions as they waited in darkness for the Light. them meet with sin, and, casting aside the re- Nearly four hundred millions of them in the un- straints of morality as well as of faith, they go touched inland provinces have never yet heard of far astray, and lead others with them. Jesus Christ and His salvation. And yet-how can one man meet that need? But the Voice in 3. If the men and women of our universities do Taylor's soul sounded day and night, "Why should not find Christ by the time they end their course, not each of those vast provinces possess a centre it is probable that they will never find Him. Out of light and truth? And why should they not of every hundred Christians who know (more or possess such a witness in your own lifetime?" less accurately) the date of their conversion, ap- Such was the vision that came to him as he waited proximately seventy-five come to Christ by the age upon God in his own weakness. During the next of fourteen, another twenty by the age of twentyforty years, through sorrow and suffering, one, another four by the age of twenty-five, and through danger and privation, through persecu- only one per cent at some more advanced age! tion and martyrdom, through disease and death, If this is so it becomes obvious that the presentathe impossible came true; for Hudson Taylor's tion of Christ offered at college is probably the God was a God of the impossible! Multitudes of last great impulse they will have to enter the Chinese owe their salvation to his response to Christian life. By the time they are graduated that vision. they have become almost unapproachable by the Gospel from the human angle. If we want to ~in True vision is not merely an inward urge and them at all college is almost our last opportumty! desire such as Columbus had with but little tangible evidence to justify it, but true vision is the 4. The Christian student, going up to a univerknowledge of facts combined with insight into sity, is often faced for the first time with t~e their meaning. Both Livingstone and Taylor saw necessity of giving a reasonable answer for hIS millions of souls in a death grapple with sin- Christian faith. He is surrounded by many who without God and without hope. But it did not deny the truth of the Bible. It may seem at that end there. Each saw a mighty Redeemer-and moment that the foundations of his faith are inacted accordingly. Is it idle to urge that the uni- secure and that what he has always believed to be fundamental is now either impossible of belief versities of the world need educated men with the or capable of new co~struction. He needs a st.ea?yvision of a Livingstone or a Taylor to bring to ing hand, wise advIce, and, above all, Ch~lstIan them the Christ? Is it an exaggeration to sug- fellowship, if he is not to go forth to a Christless gest that they constitute one of the most needy life and a Christless eternity. mission fields of the world? Is it wrong to believe that money and time spent here will bring a I once knew an English medical student who greater return for God than that spent in many was studying theology in preparation for foreign missionary service. He was a real power for Christ and to sit near him at mealtimes was an Oh•urCcohndReenvsieedw, and revised from a paper printed In The United India.

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inspiration, for he breathed a fragrance other met, and the beginnings were made of a witness than his own. Towards the end of one term he to the saving power of Christ. Today there are seemed to grow more silent and less other-worldly, dozens banded together there to pray and study and eventually broke this astounding news to us: God's Holy Word and win their fellow-students "I have lost my message. The theological lec- for the Saviour. tures I have been attending have robbed me of my The year 1927 found Oxford University without faith. I shall still go abroad as a medical man, but only to do philanthropic work." any distinctive evangelical testimony among the students. The Devotional Union, comprising men Thank God, he had friends who believed the of semi-rationalistic outlook as well as conserva- Word of God, and with whom he used to pray, and tive believers, seemed the more desirable channel he found his message again. of witness because it would maintain an outward unity of all nominal Christians. But little fruit I knew a Canadian theological student who, in could be seen in return for all the effort put into the freshness of his faith and the warmth of his it. A minority of Evangelical believers started love for Christ, longed to win his friends for the to pray for wisdom and vision. They were only Saviour. He was surrounded by destructive sixteen strong. Jonathan in his attack on the garcriticism, and in this environment he became rison of the Philistines, single-handed save for his doubtful of his own salvation and of the truth of armour-bearer, forever immortalized the truth God's Word. He had no evangelical friends with that there is no restraint to the Lord to save by whom to pray and think, and he did not come back many or by few. again into the Light. A week or two later the town was placarded But the tragedy of our universities lies not only with the announcement that four Cambridge in the fact that hundreds of Christian students undergraduates would speak in the Town Hall on are losing their faith every year, but that non- "What Christ means to me." The advertisements, Christian students (whose only idea of Chris- in Cambridge light blue, caught the eye wherever tianity is either ritualism or "do your best and one looked. "Who is running this show?" "What God will do the rest") would like to know God's is it all about?" "Who are these Cambridge plan of salvation and are never told. chaps ?" A thousand questions and remarks were on people's lips as the day drew near. All the In a British university a woman came after a while sixteen men worked earnestly and sixteen meeting and opened the conversation by saying, souls prayed ceaselessly. It was now for God to "Ever since your lecture I have had an irresistible work and God did. The Hall was filled to its calonging to know God. But I know nothing about pacity to hear of the Saviour crucified, risen and Christianity, except that which repels me because exalted, as He had revealed Himself to four underof the uncharitableness of Christians. I go no- graduates from a rival university. And the rewhere to church and never read the Bible. What sult? Go to Oxford ,today, and see more than one is God like? How am I to think of Him?" What hundred men and women banded together in an a pagan darkness was this in which her soul lived ! unquestioning loyalty to the Son of God, and an But what a wonderful answer I could give her! undying passion for the salvation of men. What compassion filled my heart and flooded into the wondrous story of Emmanuel-God with us! Where are the men of vision today? Where What a theme is "Jesus" to those who sit in dark- are the men who have seen the King in His beauty, ness and in the shadow of death! She wanted to by whom henceforth all else is counted but refuse love Him; she wanted Him to be her Saviour. that they may win Christ? Where are the ad- venturers, the explorers, the buccaneers for God One man who wanted to know Christ is said to who count one human soul of greater value far have searched out all the men of Christian char- than the fall or rise of an empire or even their acter in college and spent much time in their com- own reputations? Where are the men who glory pany in the hope that they would speak to him one in God-sent loneliness, difficulties, persecutions, day about their faith; but in vain. He did the misunderstandings, discipline, sacrifice, death? same with clergymen he met; but again in vain! Where are the men who are ready to pay the price He left the university and went out into the world of vision? Where are the men of believing prayer? -an agnostic. Where are the men who, like the Psalmist of old, count God's Word of more importance than their' In 1922 a Christian student at a Welsh Univer- daily food? Where are the men, who, like Moses, sity had a hunger in his heart for fellowship with commune with God face to face as a man speaks others who believed in Christ, and for the salva- with his friend, and who unmistakably carry with tion of his fellowmen with whom he lived. One them the fragrance of that meeting thrtjugh the day notices in chalk appeared on a number of day? Where are God's men in this day of God's blackboards asking all who knew and loved the power? Lord Jesus to meet in a certain room at a certain time! They were signed with this student's name. At the appointed hour several men and women

We Interest College Students?

-'1 By WILMINA ROWLAND Traveling Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement I~==========================~ W HEN I returned from China a year and a 6. Are not our denominational rivalries a hin- half ago and took up work as a traveling drance in missionary work? secretary for the Student Volunteer Movement, some of my older friends were most dis- 7. If all missionaries were withdrawn, would couraging. Christianity continue to spread in the mission fields? "You're hoping to interest American college students in missions?" one of them remarked. It is thrilling to find how keenly interested stu- "You have my sympathy! I'm afraid you are go- dents will be in a discussion centering around ing to find young people of college age hostile these questions. In fact, in a number of groups to the concept of foreign missions. They are un- it has been necessary to spend an hour or two on friendly to the whole missionary movement." the first question so that often we get no further. If the total result of one of these campus visits Consequently it was with some trepidation that has been no more than to help "straighten out" a I embarked upon the work. After a few weeks, few students on that very significant question, the however, I arrived at a conclusion which has been implications of which strike at the very roots of confirmed in the last eighteen months. College our Christian faith, then the visit has been worth students are not hostile to the idea of missions- while. they are simply totally ignorant of what it is all about! Somehow we have permitted two or three Happily the matter does not rest there. The college generations to grow up without educating educational job is often continued after a secrethem adequately as to the total task of the Church, tary's visit by the formation of a small study and especially that phase which is concerned with group which is eager to inquire further into the the extension of Christianity throughout the why and how of missionary endeavor..

world. All colleges do not present an absolutely un- A further discovery I have made is that young worked field. In four of the five Southern states men and women invariably become interested in 'in which I traveled I found ten or more colleges in missions when the matter is presented to them each state where there is at least a small nucleus intelligently and adequately, and in terms of pres- of students who know what missions are all ent-day technique. , about. These groups go under a variety of names I have been interested in compiling a list of -Student Volunteer Groups, Life Service Bands, questions students ask most frequently concern- Missions Interest Groups, etc. Many are the re- ing missions. Perhaps some of these may sound sult of the efforts of former traveling secretaries, familiar to those who have to answer the ques- and some are the result of denominational pro- tions of adults who are not necessarily students. grams in the colleges. These groups vary in vi- 1. Why should we be interested in foreign mis- tality, but the more alive ones exist not only for sions when there is so much to be done at home? the purpose of study within their own group, but This question never fails to be asked in some to help keep missions in the consciousness of the form or other. Answer it satisfactorily, and you entire Christian Association of the college. Some find that you have a student who is eager to find of the more vigorous groups carryon deputation out more about "this thing called missions." work to other colleges, seeking to interpret the 2. How do missionaries explain to non-Chris- missionary'movement and to communicate their tians the lack of Christianity in America and at own enthusiasm on the subject. If real interest the same time justify the sending of missionaries is aroused, the deputation members help in organ- abroad? izing a missions group. In many states these local 3. What right have we to upset the religious be- groups ar,e bound together in a state organization, liefs of non-Christians by imposing Christianity the Student Volunteer Union, which stages week- upon them? end retreats and state-wide conferences on mis- 4. What is the Christian message? sions. The educational value of these conferences 5. What have missions really accomplished in is great and is ,one of the most potent factors in non-Christian countries? ' interpreting missions to college students.

[181 ]

This educational work in the colleges is, unfor- well-equipped young people in our colleges in seektunately, far too meager. The Student Volunteer ing to understand the missionary enterprise, in Movement has secretaries in the South Atlantic directing it along whatever lines it should follow, Region, New England, and the North Central Re- and in supporting it by money, by intelligent ingion and there are Student Volunteer Unions in terest, and by prayer unless they become acnearly a score of states, sponsoring annual con- quainted with what missions really are seeking to ferences. The National Student Y. M. and Y. W. accomplish and what they are actually doing in C. A.'s have also Christian World Education de- the modern world. We cannot expect to confront partments which suggest programs to local units. the highest type of young men and women with One large denomination is carrying out an inter- the vocational challenge of Christian missions unesting experiment in assigning a missionary and less we do so in the college era. Nor can we exhis wife to work in the colleges, permitting them pect to have as applicants highly trained perto be largely self-directive in determining to what sonnel if, during the formative college years places they shall go and how long they shall stay. which must precede more specialized study, they Visits of a week or more allow them time for un- do not have effectively presented to them the aphurried conferences with individual students who peal of Christian service abroad. We must preare interested in understanding missions. The sent it in terms understandable to the college approaching Twelfth Quadrennial Convention of mind. The call to the Church is, through existing the Student Volunteer Movement (December 28, organizations already in the field and by entirely 1935-January 1, 1936) represents another out- new means, to interpret to American students standing educational opportunity. the modern Christian missionary enterprise far more widely than it is being interpreted at But the Church needs to do more than it is do- present. ing. We cannot hope for the cooperation of these The Influence of Assiut College r-. AN EGYPTIAN lawyer with a large practice ceives in Assiut College just that emphasis which and many years of experience in his pro- the Egypt of today and of tomorrow most needs fession, said: "The greatest danger to the in her leaders.

future of Egypt lies in the growing indifference Many have borne witness to the service that of all classes and ages to the moral duties incul- Assiut College is rendering also to the Evangeli- cated by those religions to which they are all tra- cal Church in Egypt and the Sudan. The high ditionally and theoretically attached with passion-. scholarly standing of its graduates shows up well ate devotion. In particular, the young men show when measured against their rivals from other a constantly increasing tendency to postpone mar- schools of the same grade. But there is an in- riage and its responsibilities, and to throw them- tangible, because spiritual, impress which the selves eagerly into the enjoyments of the purely Christian faculty is stamping on the hundreds sensual-the things that delight the flesh." they teach and through which they help to build a In the solution of this problem the American better Egypt.

College at Assiut is one of the outstanding con- Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., editor of the structive influences. The difference that marks Moslem World, who has often visited Assiut, Assiut off from many institutions is the strong writes: emphasis placed on Christian faith and life. In "Assiut College is the antipodes of Al Azhar, the a land where, as every observer knows, religious Moslem University of Cairo. The latter, in its doctrine is rather an arsenal for the weapons of curriculum, buildings, equipment and ideals of religious controversy than a treasury for religious education, looks backward-the former looks for- faith, it is refreshing to see the way truth is made ward. The latter lays stress on the training of at Assiut the groundword of Christian culture. memory-the former on reason and judgment.

All branches of learning are bound together in For the future leadership of Egypt we must look the minds of pupils by the distinctively Christian to institutions like Assiut College, where the cost view of God and the world. Whereas the menace of real leadership is emphasized in daily lessons M of Egypt is a young manhood steeped in pleasure; self-denial, perseverance, clean-living and high'

it is a joy to see this body of hundreds of young Christian ideals. The religious growth, present men who are being trained through personal con- conditions and equipment, most of all the graduate tact with the highest type of Christian character. body scattered as good seed from Alexandria to Clean, consistent, diligent and unselfish daily liv- Assuan-these are evidences of spiritual forces ing are placed above every other ideal of achieve- which are latent and will some day come to their ment. Christian life as well as Christian faith re- own in the new Egypt that is to be."

God and Take Courage-'Why?

Concluded from March ~~Review"-Second Part of an Address Before the Philadelphia Presbytery -·~J.:;I ;;;;PI;;;;E;;;;R;;;;SO;;;;N=====–i.II~ ====;;;;B;;;;Y;;;;D;;;;E;;;;L;;;;A;;;;V;;;;A;;;;N=L;;;;.

T o FACE problems only and to be without ice. Or study the history of the Korea missions, power to solve them is discouraging in busi- where well-nigh every Christian is a Bible stu- ness, in medicine, in political and social life, dent and an evangelist, and we will see how these and in missions. But, like the Apostle Paul on abiding realities have built up a great spiritual his way to Rome as a prisoner, when we see evi- church apostolic in faith, Christ-like in character dences of love, of faith, of fruitfulness, we thank and dynamic in service. God and take courage. For those who have eyes to see, there are almost countless reasons for en- A story has recently been running in the Satcouragement today in spite of many difficult prob- urday Evening Post which gives a fairly faithful lems and disappointments. Note three great rea- history of the Pitcairn Islanders. Nine mutineers sons for thanksgiving in Christian mission work of the "Bounty," with twelve Tahitian women and today. six Tahitian men, lived like animals of the jungle -in the midst of fornication and murder-so that 1. Is there not great cause for encouragement all the Tahitian men and all the white men except in the unchanging realities of Christian faith and two were murdered or committed suicide, and it experience? God changes not, though men's views was difficult to tell who was the father of children of Him may change. Christ is "the same yester- born to the native women. Then, when only one day, today and forever," even though men reject white man survived, that godless British mutineer Him. The Gospel is the "everlasting Gospel" and discovered and, began to study the Bible and exerts the same power today as it did in the days Prayer Book, saved from the "Bounty." Convicof the Apostles. The Holy Spirit "abides with us tion of sin, confession, belief in Jesus Christ, forever"and witnesses to us and with us. Prayers prayer for forgiveness, and reformation followed. are still heard and answered according to our Then he gathered the women and children to- Lord's promise, even though we neglect prayer. gether and instructed them, so that when the little The Bible continues to give clear evidence of be- colony was later discovered by a passing vessel, ing the inspired Word of God, "living and power- these survivors were found to be simple-hearted, ful" and "profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for praying, God-worshiping, Bible Christians, full of instruction in' righteousness." Our understand- love and peace and joy. What other Book was ing of all these unchanging realities and our rela- ever used to effect such a transformation? Thank tion to them may change, but in the midst of a God, there are thousands of such examples of the changing world none of these things, fundamental undiminished power of the unchanging realities to the Christian faith, have changed in nearly two of the Christian faith. thousand years. In spite of unfriendly criticisms, attacks, ridicule, and neglect, the Bible still proves Some Benefits of Change itself to be the Word of God to those who study 2. A second reason for encouragement today is to know and who determine to do the Will of God. found in the changes that mark human history. We may be thankful that governments and their In over forty years devoted to the study of laws change. Years ago, in Turkey, when the Christian work at home and abroad, I have yet expulsion of Christian witnesses was threatened, to discover a mission where these unchanging the sudden death of the Sultan changed the situarealities are honestly accepted and where life and tion. In Japan edicts decreeing death to Chriswork are based on their reality, where wonderful tians, and to the Christians' God, were discarded; results have not followed in the spiritual and ma- Korea, long the Hermit Nation, was opened by a terial transformation of men and of communities. change of mind in the ruler-due to a Christian Look at the West Africa Mission of the Presby- doctor; China, the "rock" that long refused to terian Church for example, or the Scotch Living- open to missionaries, has been split asunder in anstonia Mission in Central Africa. In each of these swer to the prayers of persevering missionaries fields we may find 5,000 former savages, or chil- of the Cross. dren of savages, gather for one communion serv- [183 ]

Other changes have removed hindrances to the in the lives of men and women. This is even more advance of the Gospel-wild men have been tamed, evident today than it was in the days of the as in the cannibal islands; dangers to life from Apostles. The miracles of missions are more wild beasts, and from still more dangerous insects, numerous and more remarkable today than they have been greatly reduced; science has helped to ever were. Our Lord's promise of "greater change pestilential swamps into healthful fields; works" than His own is being abundantly fulfilled.

the growth of knowledge as to sanitation and the The story of Sa'eed the Kurd, recently published care of health have prolonged life and usefulness by the Cokesbury Press and told in the January of missionaries in every field. REVIEW, is a remarkable illustration of the power Changing, growing knowledge and increased of Christ to transform one of the most fierce and use of the forces that God has provided in nature, fanatical Moslems and bitter opponent of Chris- have brought new power to carryon the work of tianity, into an intelligent, devout and evangelistic Christ. What vast advantage has been gained Christian. His conversion, and that of thousands through more intimate contacts with remote upon thousands of others are among the "greater fields! Steamships, railroads, automobiles and works" that our Lord promised. Thank God, hun- airplanes have brought near the "uttermost part dreds of Moslems in Persia are now followers of of the earth." A year ago Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Christ and over 40,000 former Moslems in Su- in a few hours, made an airplane trip to West matra are today Christians.

China that usually takes weeks by boat and mule- Missions in Korea have just celebrated their litter. I traveled by airplane from Cairo to Bagh- golden jubilee. Fifty years ago there were no dad in twelve hours, a distance that must have Christians there and the doors were closed to the taken Abraham at least twelve weeks. The tele- Gospel. Today there are between 300,000 and graph, the ocean cable, the telephone and the radio 400,000 Christians with self-supporting, self-gov- have brought changes that greatly enlarge the erning churches. The majority of the church possibilities of missionary service. Not long ago members have passed through persecution and a message was radioed from Central Africa to have become praying, Bible-studying, witnessing America in an hour. By old-time methods of na- Christians according to New Testament stand- tive runner and ocean steamer it would have re- ards. One man, Pastor Kil, almost blind, was quired months for its delivery. The Gospel is now arrested by the Japanese for sedition, for preach- being broadcast not only from many stations in mg that "the kingdoms of this world will become America and England but is being proclaimed in the Kingdom of our Lord." The Japanese police this way in Africa, China, India and elsewhere. could not permit anyone to say that Japan would What possibilities there are when we enlist all ever be subject to another king! In prison Pastor God's forces to do God's work! Kil showed the keeper that his declaration was But the greatest encouragement comes from the not his own idea but was made in the Book of change that is taking place in human hearts and Revelation nearly 2,000 years ago. The keeper minds and wills. We may be thankful that these became interested, borrowed Kil's Bible, read it, are not permanently "frozen assets"-that preju- asked questions and was converted.

dices and taboo, false customs and beliefs and The Power of God Today unbeliefs are not irrevocably fixed. What a dif- ference it makes that caste in India-that so long Yes, the Gospel is the power of God today. We proved an almost unsurmountable barrier to the are encouraged that victories are won,· not by acceptance of Christ – is breaking down. Re- "physical might nor by human power"-including cently letters tell of caste and outcaste Hindus technical training and skill-but by the Spirit of eating together. The mere suggestion would have God working in the hearts of men – but using meant riots a few years ago. Gandhi is helping human witnesses.

to promote this end but the greatest forces used While the most extensive and some of the best to break down caste barriers have been Christian- work is that done under the auspices of great ity and the advance of modern civilization and church boards, it is encouraging to note that all intercommunication. In Medak, Central India, successful mission work is not that carried on by whole churches are being formed of caste Chris- large and financially strong denominations. God tians and one of the greatest influences in this di- is no respecter of nations or denominations. Some rection has been the transformations that caste of the best work is being done by s6-called "Faith· people have seen wrought by the Gospel among Missions." One of the most impressive of the the untouchables. Caste is being undermined and many remarkable pieces of mission work we saw may crumble almost in a night. in India is conducted wholly on faith in God's 3. The greatest encouragement in the present ability and readiness to supply funds, workers, missionary situation is the evidence of the power equipment, guidance, to open doors, and give of Christ, and the effect of His everlasting Gospel harvests, without any direct appeals to men, fol-

THANK GOD AND TAKE COURAGE-WHY?

lowing only New Testament principles and de- Then I met Jesus and today we are brothers in pending on the Holy Spirit, prayer and obedience Christ who died for us both. We know now what to the will of God. The Dohnavur Mission, South forgiveness and love can do. Today we are both India, contains some 450 children and youth who serving as elders in the Church and will soon pass have been rescued from the ignorance and im- the elements that represent His body broken and moralities of Hindu temple service. It is a Chris- His blood shed for us. This could not be true of tian village, the most beautiful and brightest us if the missionaries of Jesus had not come to oasis in India. These Christians are being trained teach us the Gospel of God's love in Christ." for service and many are now carrying the Gospel There are countless such causes of encourageto dark Indian villages, in spite of fierce opposi- ment in every land. Let us never forget it or be tion from Hindu priests. discouraged.

The China Inland Mission is one of the greatest Encouragements in the Home Church testimonies to the living, prayer-hearing and prayer-answering God. It was once a "despised 4. In these days of financial troubles, and other and rejected Mission," much criticised by church difficulties in the home church, we are sometimes leaders, but it is today an outstanding example tempted to discouragement because we cannot of what simple faith and obedience will do with- support more workers, and because of unrespon- out large financial resources, and without elab- siveness of church people, the apparent lack of re- orate institutions. Weare thankful that we need sults, and increasing indifference and unbelief.

not tell God when or how or where to work. We can be of good cheer, Christ has "overcome Great encouragement comes from awakenings the world," although worldly men have not ac- reported from all over the world. Word has re- knowledged His lordship. In His name we also cently come from Manchukuo, telling of rich spir- can overcome and can enjoy the fruits of His vic- itual harvests in spite of disturbed conditions. In tory. Do we ever stop to think of the immense Central and North China, Bethel Bands have co- number of obscure volunteer Christian workers operated with Christian pastors and missionaries who are carrying on and are faithful witnesses to conduct fruitful evangelistic campaigns. From to Christ in our churches and Sunday schools; In Burma and India and Siam come stirring reports rescue missions and on street corners; through of the work of Student Gospel Teams, devoting such organizations as the Pocket Testament their week-ends to volunteer evangelism. In Cen- League with 2,000,000 members; in summer con- tral Africa the harvest seems to be limited only ferences (like the Keswick Conferences in New by the number of laborers. In Persia Moslems Jersey, Canada and England); in the summer are turning to Christ and are ready to suffer per- schools of missions and such influential gather- secution and death in order that they may wit- ings as the remarkable Florida Chain of Mission- ness to Him. God has not left Himself without ary Assemblies? How many thousands of devoted witnesses, and as He promised, He has not left us Christian laymen and women are serving on mis- alone to carryon His work. sion boards and similar organizations, large and Some of the most wonderful evidences of the small, in schools and in Christia:o. homes. All Power of the Gospel are those we saw among the Christians are not idle or indifferent or selfish.

former cannibals of New Guinea. When Charles Hundreds of thousands, unknown to us but known Abel went out there about forty years ago these to God, are loyal, devoted, self-sacrificing followers people had no conception of God or of spiritual of Christ.

things. They were living in the deepest degrada- Again, in spite of the criticisms of modern tion, obsessed by fear and continually fighting and youth, the Spiritual Emphasis Movement among devouring one another. Orie Sunday morning we those in college and out is very encouraging. In saw and heard forty-eight new converts from contrast to the drift away from Bible teaching, these people stand up and individually confess faith and conduct, as seen in too many church Christ as their Lord and Saviour. Twenty-three members and schools, we know that unnumbered of them were won by one lay, self-supporting Christian laymen and women, as well as pastors, Papuan evangelist who devoted his week-ends to are firm believers in the Bible as the Word of personal w o r k . " God and in Jesus Christ as their Divine Lord and No man is so low that he cannot be lifted to new Redeemer. All have not bowed the knee to Baal; • life in Christ by the power of God. This is ,ur the Lord "knoweth them that are His." While greatest encouragement. One day at a commUnIon there are at times severe and usually unjustified service in Kwato aNew Guinea man rose and said: criticisms of the officers and members of the Evan- "A few years ago Paula and I were chiefs of gelical Mission Boards-they are not much more two rival tribes who fought and ate one another. perfect than the rest of us-still the vast majority He captured my wife and according to our custom of them we can trust as loyal, devoted servants of I could not be satisfied until I had been revenged. Christ and His Church. They have made mis-

takes but they are ready to learn and to correct One of the great encouragements in Christian their errors, even if they do not always publicly work is the evidence that good living seed, planted acknowledge them. The present financial short- in faith, watered with prayers, and warmed by age has taught some valuable lessons and is mak- love, continues to bear fruit long after the sower ing more clear the fact that spiritual aims and has gone to his or her reward. Who can measure forces are greater than material and that success- the widespread extent and abiding results of the ful Christian work is not measured by material ministry of spirit-controlled men and women such things but only in proportion as men are won to as Hudson Taylor, Adoniram Judson, D. L. Christ and His service. Is it not encouraging to Moody, Eliza Agnew, Guido F. Verbeck, Arthur note that more emphasis is placed on the prime T. Pierson, George Muller and William and Cathimportance of evangelism and the training of erine Booth. evangelists today than was the case ten years ago, when we were sometimes tempted to be self-satis- As in the days of Elisha, though we may not alfied and self-sufficient – perhaps because money ways see them, ,.the forces that are for us are was more plentiful? Adversity has its advantages. vastly more than those that are against us. Christ Again we thank God and take courage. is our Head, our Captain, our victorious Leader.

There are many other reasons for encourage- On a recent Keswick calendar we find this mesment which we must pass over. Among these are sage and comment on Romans 8: 31, "What shall the many answers to prayer, the desire for closer we then say to these things? If God be for us, Christian "cooperation without compromise" at who can be against us?" home and abroad; the real effort to make Christ dominant in every sphere of life; the number of God is for us. Laborers for Christ, lift up your heads. those who contend valiantly for the faith though Be not dismayed or disheartened, God is for us, who can perhaps not always lovingly and tactfully; the be against us? The mountain is full of horses and chariots sacrificial gifts made to mission work by the poor; of fire, and we must not trust the carnal vision to which the spirit-filled prophets that God raises up on spiritual forces are invisible and unreal. The only way the mission fields-men like Kagawa, of Japan; to do any work for the unseen God is to work as well as Sadhu Sundar Singh, of India; Chung Ching Ye, walk by faith, and not by sight, to beli~ve that beyond the of China; Erasmo Braga, of Brazil, and J. E. K. range of our short vision and finite observation stretch Aggrey, of Africa. limitless realms of truth and fact. Behind all work for God stands God Himself, its inspiration and its assurance, its warrant and its reward. Let us believe that His com- mand constitutes authority and His promise security.

ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Practical Training for Christian Work By WILLIAM J. WEEKS, New York EXTRA-CURRICULAR activities are often a and delivering missionary and evangelistic ad- very important part of a college or semi- nary. The study of the classroom is supple- dresses. Several filled part-time pastorates; othmented by practical experience. In the National Bible Institute (New York), the Student Prac- ers acted as Sunday school superintendents. tical Work Department is not only a supervised training division but is a medium through which For more than twenty-seven years the National evangelistic effort and Christian educational activities are conducted. During the past school Bible Institute, of which Dr. Don O. Shelton is year the aggregate number of persons reached by the Institute students exceeded sixty-five thou- President, has gone forward proclaiming the Gossand. The professed conversions reported numbered one hundred and sixty. pel and training young nien and women for serv- In addition to their regular studies, the stu- ice on home and foreign mission fields. Thousands dents fill weekly assignments in teaching Sunday school classes; teaching classes in week-day of students have been enrolled in the day and church schools, supervision of young peoples' and children's week-day groups, participation in radio evening schools, and through evangelistic meetprograms, song leading and singing, assisting in rescue missions, conducting outdoor evangelistic ings outdoors and in Gospel Halls hundreds of meetings, assisting in pastoral work, preaching thousands have heard the Gospel. In meetings conducted under the auspices of the National Bi- ble Institute in New York during the past year there was an average aggregate attendance of more than 6,000 people every week. Many gradu- • ates have gone forth as ministers, missionaries, evangelists and Bible teachers.

The Institute has suffered, like other Christian work, from lack of financial income but reliance is placed on God and His promises. .

A Christian College for Chinese W omen*

By W. REGINALD WHEELER, Nanking, China American Presbyterian Missionary on the Staff of Nanking University GINLING College, Nanking, opened its doors and has been the pioneer in the use of the spoken in 1915, with one class of nine girls; in (Pei Hwa) idiom in Chinese newspapers, maga- 1934 there were 213 students from sixty- zines and books. At the recent Founder's Day eight senior middle schools in thirteen provinces. ceremonies at Ginling, he spoke on "An Optimist The faculty has increased from eight to fifty; the in the Current Pessimism." He referred to the courses in the curriculum from eight to ninety; position of women in China in the old days and in the College budget from $10,000 (American) to "Women's Education in China Today," saying: $150,000. The library opened with one set of en- "In spite of the popular cry heard lately that modcyclopedias and it has now over 23,000 volumes. ern education in China is a failure, I believe that much progress has been made. Women are thought to have been oppressed by men in the past; yet women had much power in the home and her position was safeguarded as perhaps it is not today…. On the other hand, they were not treated as persons. Now that women receive education, they are on an equal footing with men.

NEW LIBRARY-,ADMINISTRATION BUILDING AT GINLING The total cost of campus buildings and equipment is 'approximately (U. S.) $600,000. Over 300 women have gone out from the College and are working in fourteen provinces; sixty per cent of the students are engaged in educational work; the second largest group is doing social and reli- gious work; medical work is third; and public service fourth. Each spring more applications . are received for the services of the College grad- uates than there are students to fill the positions.

The able president is Dr. Yi-fang Wu, a graduate of the first class of Ginling in 1919.

Dr. H. H. Kung, a Christian and the Minister of Finance and the Vice-President of the Execu- tive Yuan (Cabinet) of the National Government, who studied in America at Oberlin and received his master's degree from Yale, has given clear evidence of his interest in Ginling and his belief that it is the· best women's college in China, by A GROUP OF CHINESE LEADERS AT GINLING COLLEGE sending his two daughters there. Dr. Hu Shih; Dr. H. H. Kung; Mr. Wang Shin Chsoh; PTesldent Wu Dr. Hu Shih has been the leader of the Liter- Emancipation has given women equality. Alary Renaissance in China which has brought though it may have lost to them some of their old about the relegation of the study of the classics, power, the gain is that they have become intelwith their terse and abstruse "Wen Li" style, to a secondary place in the school curricula of China, ligent, reasonable individuals. The opportunity for personal development which has come to them modern t'Imes puts them under obllg' at'Ion .t 0 In • Glnling College, Nanking, was founded twenty years ago. Found-· er's Day was recently celebrated at the opening of the 'new Library- Administration Building and the Chapel-Music Hall. Many forelgn- cultivate their minds." ers and distinguished Cblnese attended the celebration..

[ 187]

I Were Black*

By LEILA AVERY ROTHENBURGER The Wife of the Pastor of the Third Christian Church, Indianapolis, Indiana AVERY alert and widely read gentleman who education I would have to join my husband as a happened to be a Pullman porter told me wage earner. Culturally we would be cut off from that he would hate to be a white man. His practically every fine feature of advancement and reason, stated without trace of rancor, was that entertainment that the city offers, other than the while the Negro has a hard time physically and public library.

economically he does .not in addition have to battle I begin to list Negro families I know in which his own meanness. It was an evaluation of the the parents are trained folk-doctors, teachers, relative spiritual calibers of two races. religious workers; people whose positions are in- After due deliberation I have concluded that it dicative of their character and preparation.

was the Pullman porter way of saying what Arch- The first is a dentist who maintains a home ibald Rutledge said in another way concerning the comparable, in this case even as to location, to black race, "Their feet may trudge' but their souls mine. Recently during the illness of the little child are winged." in that home, the mother, unable to leave, tele- About four years ago I listened to a Christian phoned to the nearest grocery, explained the situ- Endeavor group discuss the question, "Would you ation and asked that certain much-needed articles rather be born black or blind?" Concentric circles be delivered at her door. The grocer refused. The of thought produced by that incident are still wid- delivery boy, touched by sympathy, surreptitiously ening in my brain. If I were black? Trying to fit took the things to the mother. .

into this mood I have read books, searched tables Next Miss X comes to mind. She is a university of statistics, listened to speakers white and black, graduate and a high school teacher. When "Green made a s·eminar journey into the Southland and Pastures" was booked to appear in my city, the repeatedly have found myself submerged in a sea theater sent letters to all high school teachers urg- of discouraging facts. ing them to see this remarkable play by an all- Many of these facts the whites need to know in Negro cast. Unable to go herself but thinking the order that they may understand how underpriv- invitation sincere, Miss X notified a friend who ileged the Negro is physically, economically and would want to see the play. This person ordered culturally. But when all such facts have been a ticket by mail and on the afternoon before the presented, I am inclined to think that, if I were performance made a trip of one hundred twenty- black, it would not be these handicaps that would five miles to the theater. At the door she was concern me most. They would no doubt worry refused admittance because her ticket was for a me but they would not crush my heart. The thing part of the theater where a Negro might not ven- that would dishearten me is that which is made ture and the limited section to which they were vocal for us in Countee Cullen's poem, "In Balti- restricted was sold out. A member of the board more," in which he tells of the chilling blight of of management of a large Y. W. C. A., and anoth- racial hatred as it falls upon the heart of an erst- er high school teacher had the same experience.

while happy lad of eight. It is this downright They were free to walk the streets while they med- meanness, passed on to childJrom parent, that I itated upon the land with "liberty and justice for should not be able to endure unless indeed my soul all."

had wings. Do you remember the thrill that was yours as a I am the wife of a minister, belong to the so- child when you rode on a merry-go-round; how called middle class, university trained, and I am you picked out the particular charger you desired rearing a family. Suppose my skin were black. to ride? The-tantalizing music set your toes danc- How would the picture change? As a family we ing. Pictures of lovely ladies whirled by so fast would sink in the scale of living. We would be you could not tell which was the loveliest. It was forced to move into a neighborhood much less de- hard to watch both the ladies and the horses.

sirable. Economically we would sink to the verge When your turn came, how you wished that nick- of poverty. If my children were to continue their els. grew on bushes that you might ride and ride.

• From World Call for February. 1935. My third name is that borne by a little lad who [188 ] gazed with shining eyes a long summer through. human meanness that the dominant race in our Why could not he ride? Rather than tell him his land shows to its minority groups. father took him along on a trip to New York. At Coney Island the ride went on and on until the But why go on? Such a recital always irritates pocketbook was cleaned of the last nickel, but certain groups who either accuse one of being whether the lad or the watching father enjoyed it sentimental or fling back with, "Why don't you more only the gods can tell. This father is a tell the good things the whites are doing?" The trained executive, head of an institution that is fine things done are blazed forth. If I were black doing a most constructive work in community up- I should try to talk about them more; being white lift. Judged by his training and what that train- I need to find where I am at fault. ing is doing for the civic body, his child should have every right that mine has. If I were black, I am concerned to know what I would do if day it would be denials of a child's right to happiness after day such things had to be faced. For a long that would give me the Pullman porter philosophy. time I halted between the pronouncements of two other gentlemen whom I might have quoted in Speaking of the child brings to mind the case preference to the Pullman porter. One of them is that runs the closest parallel with mine. It is a Dr. John Hope whose sensitive face comes to mind minister's home. Both parents are college trained as he says, when speaking of a rebuff, "Such and shepherding a large church. One of the chi}.· things are so common in our lives that they no dren has defective eyesight. I can think of noth- longer cause resentment, only fatigue." The other ing that I as a mother would struggle so hard to is Dr. W. E. DuBois who, looking us squarely in keep for my child as that bit of precious vision. the eyes, speaks in his beautiful, well-clipped Eng- When the one class for the conservation of eye- lish, "We grant you whites superiority in only one sight was opened this child was rejected because thing, the technique of personal insult." her skin is brown. If I were black what would I think? Would I One intolerably hot day we sat cooling ourselves be able to show the world a face beautiful as an in one of the well-known chain drug stores. A etching with suffering and weary patience? Or Negro came in and, after purchasing and paying would I, with an assurance born of the knowledge for several articles, asked for a soda. In a voice that I was right, hurl the javelins of bitter truth? that could be heard by everyone present the clerk said, "If you want a soda you'll have to go outside o would I good-naturedly give thanks that I was to drink it." not born into a race whose soul is mean? Since I am not presenting an argument with reference there are many more Pullman porters than there to the policy of the drug store or the above-men- are John Hopes or Dr. DuBois', I surmie~ that, if tioned theater. We are dealing with this matter I were black, I, too, would have the Pullman porof meanness. If commercial concerns are going ter philosophy." to pursue the segregation policy, why are they not decent enough to do it when it means the loss of The term is used, not to indicate that this is the money as well as of what they think is social thinking of this group of public servants, but as status? summing up perchance the rank and file feelings of the tenth of our population who arecdark of Could This Happen? skin. When I repeated this porter's sentence to a well-known Negro writer there came a sudden Not long ago the Federal Council of Churches illumination of the face that told me this evaluaput out a pamphlet entitled Could This Happen in tion of the white race struck a responsive chord. Your Community? We studied the leaflet and found it all too easy to duplicate the instances of Is it true? Do I belong to a race whose soul is mean? Carrying in my mind's mirror the faces of a Hope, a DuBois, a Negro poet and a Pullman porter, I am not at ease.

Christ's true crusaders start with a Pentecost; all else is possible after that experience; methods, machinery, resources-all these God will supply-we must supply the men-the hearts, the minds, the wills.

Great spiritual movements are born in prayer; are the outcome of lives regenerated by God, consecrated to His Kingdom, and baptized with fire by His Holy Spirit. "Aggressive evangelism" does not come merely because a committee or commission passes a resolution that we have it. There is a price to pay, and God only waits for us to fulfill the conditions. The time is ripe for a great spiritual movement in India. God moves-He leads-He calls. -"Go Forward !"-By Bishop Benton Thoburn Badley.

Youth Challenges White Youth*

… [ By J. S. LEDBETTER, T,,,,,,/ing Sal"mdn Ij!o– [EDITOR'S NOTE' The following article comes from a traveling affairs of the American nation. The youth of my salesman of the B~ick Motor Car Co., who m~ils it "en route fro~ race, a minority group tied to you, in spite of Berea" with the statement that "as a travellllg salesman land 0 whatever may be said, by 250 years of the unre- Berve~H he had chanced to drop in, uninvited, on the chape fserv;~e quited toil of their forbears, are wondering if, in of Berea College because he heard that a Negro woman or e your effort to achieve a greater civilization, you first time was to 'speak there. The articl~ is a copy of the notes he will ride roughshod over them, or if in Christian took, with incident impressions and convICtIOns.] institutions like this, built around a religion in- telligently conceived and passionately believed, ·N THE chapel at Berea College, on December you will develop that sense of fairness and justice, 14 was enacted a scene which promises a that expression of neighborly-mindedness that will include them in your plan and program for r ch~nge in the attitudes and thinking o.f thou- the development of a finer and better America in which to live." sands of white youth, not only from the hIlls and valleys of Kentucky, but from the ten or more The students' eyes were fastened on the speaker other Southern states represented by the students. and for full forty minutes she held both teachers and students to an almost uncanny silence in her In a scholarly and dignified manner, .wi~h a cul- appeal for justice for her people. tivated voice and gestures of unusual sIgmficance, a little black woman, who has won the title ?f. Doctorate from one of the outstanding universIties of her people, Charlotte Hawkins Brown, protegee of Alice Freeman Palmer, founder and pron;oter of an unique school for her people in the PIedm?nt section of North Carolina, in an eloquent and Im- What Negroes Want passioned plea, challenged the 1,600 or more. stu- The main points emphasized in these expecta- tions were a guarantee of full protection of the dents of Berea College in an address entitled, law under any and all circumstances. Dr. Brown suggested that they exhibited weakness when they "What the Negro Youth Expects of the White substituted mob law for the civil law which they themselves instituted. She also asked for the fol- Youth in Their Tomorrow." lowing things: This Negro woman was the first woman of he.r 1. An opportunity for Negro youth in any and gr:ouP to bring a message to these students. ~resI­ all vocations for which they show an aptitude.

dent William J. Hutchins, who by way of mtro- 2. Equal educational opportunities. 3. A proper evaluation of human personality duction in the weeks that preceded the visit, and underneath black skin. (She stated that failure in this brought about lynching and flagrant inhad given a partial history of her achievements in justice tv people they regarded as not fully created human beings.) education and interracial goodwill. Now he pre- 4. The abolition of purely Negro jobs and an open door to earn a living, with equal wages for sented Dr. Brown as one of the outstanding wom- equal work. 5. The same respect for members of the Negro en of America. race that white people feel entitled to from the Negro race. As an onlooker and listener it was pleasing to contrast the gentle welcoming applause with the thunderous ovation which followed her last words, "Will you meet us half way?" .

After expressing her delight in the opportumty to be at Berea of which she had ihnetahrdatmdeulcihghdt~uurling her New England childhood, brogue flavored by a little of the North Carolma musical twang, she proceeded thus: .

"There is no gift within the range of the Amen- can people that cannot be yours as American white ' She gave striking illustrations of how lack of boys and girls. The industries, the institutions, ordinary courtesy to human beings because their tqhueeawtheeadltth~ and thTeomgoovrreorwnmtehn~t;eairnes awlriellad~ey be- faces are black causes the looking upon color as you. put the badge of a servant always. She told the story into your hands. From the pOSItion of PresIdent, of how a traveler had once taken Booker T. Wash- mSeonraetoir~paonrdtaCntonogfrfeicsessmoafn,ctooutnhtey smaller but ever ington for the porter and had asked "George" to sheriff and city carry his baggage, and Dr. Washington carried it, councilman, you will have the administering of the and on refusing to accept a tip revealed his iden- • From Advance, Boston, January 31, 1935. tity, to the man's shame and confused apology.

[190 ] The speaker said that race prejudice was nei- what a Negro may achieve in culture and educather inherited nor inborn; it had to be taught or tion, her own best appeal and challenge to the cultivated, that Negro women have the hardest white youth of America for fair play and justice time, because white people generally felt that they to her people. When in her closing sentence she could easily be prostituted. said, "I promise God to teach my youth to strive to establish understanding, sympathy, and inter- Dr. Brown emphatically stated that the Negro racial goodwill," with a voice quivering with deep did not want to be white, that he was not seeking emotion she fiung out the challenge to the youth intermarriage. "Marriage," she said, "is compli- of Berea, "Will you meet us half way?" Tears cated enough as it is, without adding the extra filled the eyes of old and young, and the burst of burden of racial mixture. Furthermore, Negro sustained applause that shook the building was an men and women need not go out of the race for indication that this woman, a credit to her race white skin, because slavery had produced a suffi- and to American womanhood, had struck a deep cient supply of mulattoes for their children, and chord in the hearts of white youths of the South, their children's children, if they want light-col- to whom Berea College itself is a challenge. ored mates. Negroes want a chance for self-expression, fair play, and equal opportunities for The day ended with a conference of the comprotection and advancement." bined faculty of 150 or more members, who, after poignant and searching questions, voted that day The last ten minutes of the address gave a rapid as one of the red-letter days of the year, and many review of the founding of the Palmer Memorial were heard to say that a great forward step in Institute at Sedalia, N. C., the financial and racial race relations had been taken. . struggle under which it had been developed from a church for a schoolhouse, a log cabin as a dormi- Making a Garden tory, to its half-million-dollar plant, its significant and interesting interracial program, and its suc- Man ploughs and plants and digs and weeds, cessful endeavor to enlist the interest of its white He works with hoe and spade; neighbors. God sends the sun and rain and air, The recital brought vividly before the group the And thus a garden's made. fact that, notwithstanding her achievements, Dr. Charlotte Hawkins Brown must still suffer the He must be proud who tills the soil, indignities and prejudices heaped upon the illiter- And turns the heavy sod; ate and undisciplined members of her race. Education and culture make little difference. How wonderful a thing to be In parternship with God. There stood this Negro woman, an example of -Ida M. Thomas, in The Maritime Baptist.

SHOPPING IN NANKING ROAD* A Missionary's Wife Reports Four Interviews with Chinese Clerks By HELEN DAVIES, SHANGHAI Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society Shanghai is a place of unfailing interest. One day in Sincere's big department store in Nanking Road, the boy waiting on me said, "Are you a jiao-huei shang tih ren?" (a church person) . I smiled and said, "Yes, are you ?" He said, "Yes, and this store is owned by Christians." I asked him where he learned English and he said: "Oh, this store has a night school. They teach us English and business methods, and dzan-chen (approve) Christia.nity."

A few days later in a shoe shop, the young clerk was so kind, I said to him, "Where did you learn English?" He replied, "I go to the Moore Memorial night school." I found that he was a Christian and I left him beaming.

Later, in a leather-goods shop the clerk said, "I studied in a mission school, and I am a Christian." An older man in the store joined in our conversation.

Believe it or not, once again in a tailor shop, the head man quoted a price and added, "For Christians we deduct 10'10." When he said he was a Christian, I burst out, "Praise the Lord, I am so glad."

I went out rej oicing. What impressed me most was to discover that in four separate business places in Shanghai, Chinese business men were not ashamed to admit that they are Christians.

• From Missions, New York. Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home Ii s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~r-==================I~ OUR FIELD SURVEY Young I was and full of vigor, . Worship Services for Current When the ringing message came: He Still Lives Themes "Go ye-give to every nation The world cannot bury Christ. Christ the blessed Saviour slain." Mrs. Garret Hondelink, of 417 The earth is not deep enough for His Alexander St., Rochester, New So with prayers and gifts I've York, sends two devotional out- tomb; labored, lines as used by her in her sum- The clouds are not wide enough for mer missionary con fer e nee Here at home and 'cross the sea, teaching, the comprehensive His winding sheet. Telling forth the old, old story, theme being "Bible Light on He ascends into the heavens, Duties to Strangers." The first But the heavens cannot contain Him. How Christ died for them and me. is for use in meetings on "Ori- He still lives-in the Church- entals in American Life." Which burns unconsumed with His Now with faltering steps and feeble, Knowing that my race is run, Chapter I: Transformation of love; Chinatown.- Ex. 23: 9; 22: 21; Deut. In the truth that reflects His image; I implore you, dear young daughter, 27: 19; Ezk. 22: 7; Mal. 3: 5; Job In the hearts which burn as he talks Take the work so well begun. 31: 32; Ps. 146: 9. Music: "Where Cross the Crowded Ways of Life"; with them by the way. Weak-I'm faltering by the wayside- "Lord, When to This Our Western -Edward Thompson. You are strong and young and Land."

A Golden Anniversary brave; Chapter II: What about the Jap- Take the tapers in your keeping; anese? Scripture:-Deut. 24: 14-17; Capitalizing anniversaries for Thou Shalt Not Oppress the Stranger. missionary emphasis is a spirit- Go thou forth the world to save. Music: "Our Country's Voice Is ual conservation of energy. The Pleading. Poem, "Look from Thy following pageant written by (Young woman receives the candles.) Sphere of Endless Day." Mrs. C. W. Emery, of Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, was used at YOUNG WOMAN: Chapter III: The Filipino. Deut. Bethlehem Presbyterian Church, 10: 12-19. Love the Stranger. Music: Philadelphia, on the occasion of Gladly take I all these tapers, "0 Master Let Me Walk with Thee"; the fiftieth anniversary of the Mother, from thy trembling hand. "Hail to the Brightness"; "Now Be founding of a woman's mission- the Gospel Banner." ary society. Adaptations might B'ravely thou hast borne the burden, easily be made for other occa- Scattered joy in every land. Chapter IV: Light from Hawaisions. ian Experience. Scripture:-Ps. 133. Thou hast freely sent the message, Brethren Dwell Together in Unity. Characters: An aged woman, Where the Saviour was unknown; Music from "Pageant of Darkness and symbolizing the past fifty years, Light." Poetry from same. wearing black gown and head Into souls that walked in darkness drapery and carrying a tray Has the wondrous glory shone. Chapter V: The Riddle of the with fifty lighted candles. A Future. Scripture :-Eph. 2: 11-22. young woman dressed in white Weak I am and most unworthy Fellow Citizens. Music, "In Christ and wearing a wreath on her Of the task so humbly given. There Is No East or West"; "Amerhead, symbolizing the coming ica, the Beautiful"-last stanza. half century. Pray this light upon the pathway May lead many souls to heaven. Chapter VI: How the Church Can AGED WOMAN: Help. Scripture:-Heb. 13: 1, 2; AGED WOMAN (Lifting eyes to heaven Mat. 25: 34-40. Attitude Toward Fifty years of loving service and placing hand upon Young Strangers. Music: "God Save Amer- In my trembling hands I bring; Woman's head): ica"; "Lift Up Your Heads, Ye Gates of Brass." Poem: "America, the Joyful years of sweet devotion Jesus, Saviour, help this maiden; Shouts of War Shall Cease." To my Saviour and my King. Take her, train her for the task; The second outline fits "Japanese Every year a candle blazing, Give her joy in loving service, Women Speak." Sending radiant light afar; While this century shall last. Chapter I: The Church at Work. Into darkest lands its shining Let now thy servant go in peace, Scripture :-Rom. 10: 11-15, adding Tells the story of the Star. With a perfect faith in Thee, Miss Kawai's comment, pp. 4-6. Mu- sic: "Tell Me the Old, Old Story," That the knowledge of Christ shall and hymns on the Church. Poem: cover the earth Vachel Lindsay's "An Endless Line of Splendor." As the waters cover the sea. Chapter II: Selling the Gospel (Aged Woman retires silently Wares. Scripture:-Isa. 55: 1-11. while Young Woman remains holding candles and looking up- ward. A voice or chorus hidden from view sings softly one or two stanzas of "The Light of the World Is Jesus," Young Woman quietly retiring during singing.) [192 ]

1935J EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Music: "Sowing in the Morning"; sale and the event is made a for inspection, there is a series "God Is Working His Purposes Out"; large feature. of twelve programs covering a "The Whole Wide World for Jesus." Poem: "Shall We Eat Our Morsel lJramatics Pertinent to the year, entitled "Builders of His Alone?" by Bishop of Derry. Current Studies are requested of Kingdom" whose topics are such this Department from time to as "The Place of Prayer on the Chapter III,' Advance in Education. time. Here are pUblications that Mission Field," "The Red Man Scripture :-Prov. 4: 5-13. Music: have been recommended by those for Christ," "Open Doors To- "0 Word of God Incarnate." Poem: using them: day," etc. A package of acti- Woman's Christian College, report for 1929. "0 Kiku San Weds," a dramatiza- vating leaflets covering the top- tion showmg customs of betrothal and ics accompanies the booklet. Chapter IV,' Building the New marriage m Japan and adapted from Japan. Scripture:–Jas. 2: 14-26. The the play, "The Japanese Weddmg." While considerable of the litera- Motive for Social Service. Music: united Uhristian IVllsslOnary :::lociety, ture is denominational, much of "To the Work"; "At Even, Ere the lviisslOns .tlUlldmg, Indlanapohs, Ind. it is also general and the outlines Sun Was Set"; "Thou to Whom the are all adaptable to any church Sick and Dying." Poem: By a Leper "Chnst in the .I!'lowery ISle." Wom- Patient. an's Hoard of Foreign IVlissions, Re- use. formed Uhurch in Amenca, ~5 .t;. Sec- An Ideal Missionary Society Chapter V,' Women at Home. Scrip- ond :::it., N. Y. City. 5 cents. ture :-2 Kings 20: 12-15. What Have is depicted in an article in The They Seen in Thine House? Music: "The Sword of the Samurai." Cen- Friends' Missionary Advocate, "0 Happy Home"; "Home, Sweet tury Co., 350 Fourth Ave., N. Y. City. Home." Poem: "The Cotter's Satur- Elaoorate pageant, 18 characters. '15 in which we note the recomday Night." cents. mendation: "Programs should not be too long and should em- Chapter VI,' Peace and Internation- "The Cross Triumphant." Three brace both home and foreign al Friendship. Scripture:-See pp. episodes, 40 characters or less if parts 188, 189. Music: "Modern Mission- are dOUbled. 35 cents. "AdoptlOn," work . . . Many think light reary Hymn," by H. H. Tweedy; "In One-act sketch, seven characters. 25 freshments promote sociability Christ There Is No East or West." cents. "The Other Point of View." Poem: "What of the Night, 0 Watch- One-act sketch, six characters. 25 and the benefit derived overbalman?" cents. "Sunlight or Candle Light." ances the cost and labor. Per- One act, five characters. 25 cents. sonally I would dispense with In case the above outlines are in- Missionary Education Movement, 150 them except on special occasions sufficient, it is quite possible that Mrs. Fifth Ave., N. Y. City. . . . Two papers or talks of not Hondelink might be willing to answer a reasonable number of inquiries if "The MonolOgue of a Japanese more than fifteen minutes each accompanied by stamped and ad- B/l'ide." Literature Headquarters of will usually be found long enough dressed envelopes. Woman's Missionary Society, United Lutheran Church, 723 Muhlenberg to carry the message needed and Field Briefs Building, 1228 Spruce St., Philadel- will not weary those who listen." phia, Penna. 2 cents. A Relay Meeting or Story A Worthy Missionary Enmakes a good program for vari- "A Japanese Madonna," Four char- deavor in the Cumberland Mounety, dividing a missionary nar- acters. 5 cents. "The Madonna of tains, in Tennessee, by the Presrative into suitable sections and the Gift Shop." Seven characters. 5 byterians, is the work of the assigning these to different par- cents. Woman's HO'/1~e Missions Mag- Sunday school missionary with ticipants to tell-not read unless azine, January, 1935. "Meiko's Quest." absolutely necessary – the one Two characters. 5 cents. Address the Parent-Teachers' Association starting the story handing the 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio. in the Sixth District. Certain familiar athletic relay race wand to the next narrator and so on "The Cross Roads." (Data given parts of the program on either to the end. Supplemented with later.) side are coordinated so as to suitable devotionals and music, the editor's story, "When a Kurd NOTE.: The Editor of this Department be of service to the child, the Becomes a Christian," pp. 24-29 carries no literature. AI! requests for In- home, the community and the in the January REVIEW, would formation conce.rning methods must be ac- school without doing violence to be excellent and could not fail companied by return postage. to impress an audience that the a non-sectarian policy. The evangelistic message and method A Reading Course with cred- plan covers the territory of 350 have not lost their power. its and awards is maintained by the Women's Missionary Federa- public schools in seven counties. An Invalids' Auxiliary to a tion and Lutheran Daughters of A report of the Sunday School Missionary Society. The Edin- the Reformation, with headquarburgh (Scotland) Medical Mis- ters at 425 South Fourth St., Missions says: sion Society holds an annual sale Minneapolis, Minn. This course of work done by a coterie of in- includes assigned portions of the Through this mlSSlOn, vacation valids who are thus able to make Bible each year, the Church pe- Bible schools, visitation of communitheir contribution to service. It riodicals and a list of devotional ties, etc., we endeavor to preserve the is given early in the year because and missionary books adapted to religious life which is the bulwark of the committee has decided that the interests of men and boys as our civilization. The places of repurses are not so empty then as well as women and girls. We ligious need shall continue to have under the numerous appeals that note that THE REVIEW is in- our attention. To strengthen, fortify come later. Cards are circulated cluded in the credit list of peri- and maintain this work, friendly conwidely in advertisement of the odicals, and that the book list tacts shall be maintained with edu- includes numerous undenomina- cational and community welfare tional publications such as Rob- groups. We shall continue to work ert E. Speer's "Of One Blood." in behalf of neglected boys and girls and to give them spiritual guidance In their literature packet re- and teaching. The Unit of Sunday cently sent to this Department School Missions occupies, a strategic position in the Presbytery of the Cum- berland Mountains. '

Clever Devices exploited at the according to characteristics of organ- Poster Contest conducted by the summer conference of the Meth- izations, etc. The silver offering made executive committee of the Genodist Woman's Foreign Mission at each table may be allocated as de- eral Synod in the Reformed sired, as: That from the two or more Church in the United States. It Society of the Cincinnati Dis- senior groups pays for the supper, was written by Mrs. F. R. Cas- the junior organizations keeping theirs selman, of Tiffin, Ohio. Sumtrict, at Lakeside, Ohio: for specific objects, etc. One table marized for brevity, its leading furnishes the music, another the de- points are: A large poster with tiny balloons votionals, another a dramatic sketch, attached at the bottom of the sheet, and so on. This excellent idea came A secretary of missions appointed these being advanced upward accord- also from the Lakeside conference last ing to a graduated schedule of each summer. for the Sunday school, this person arwoman's activities in her local society, such as Christmas or Thanksgiving A Choice Pageant is described by ranging, unifying and supervising a offering, use of mite box, field sup- Elizabeth Fensom, of the Baptist Litport, etc., the unique marker going erature Bureau, the title being, "The complete program of activity, inclu- ·'over the top" when the full list was Cross Roads," by Elsie Hand Klinger. attained. It is recommended "for such a time as sive of adult studies and activities. this." The author's foreword says Anyone wishing to get stories, plays, Japanese fan-pockets to be used as that it is not a pageant of pagans and receptacles for dues, baskets and tiny Christians but one which uses the par- books, missionary letters, etc., goes to pocket books serving the same pur- able of the Wise and the Foolish Virpose. gins to illustrate the different degrees her. of consecration between Christians Scrap books of art paper (obtained and Christians. "It is a question not The aim with the beginners is to at ten-cent stores), each page featur- only of reaching or missing heaven ing some department of the society's but also of taking or losing the op- lead them to think in terms of others held work. When a member of the portunity for the fullness of Life." by such means that the little folks will society pays as much as a dollar, she This pageant was first used at the has her pIcture mounted on the page Northfield Summer Conference in not only have interest but also love featuring the specific work toward 1929. Its characters are: Revelation, which her contribution is designated. Consecration, Opportunity, Foreigners for brothers and sisters unseen. If (20 or less, only six having speaking this is well done, there will be no later A poster with a scale up the center parts), Pilgrims, Hindrances, and any of the sheet to mark altitude, one goal desired number in a choir. This may problem of interesting young people of the organization for each point on be obtained through the Baptist Lit- in missions. "One day Charles asked the scale. A heavy curved lme near erature Bureau, 152 Madison Ave., the top indicates the beginning of the New York City, or any similar denom- us to call him 'Mr. Sunshine.' We stratosphere which the organization inational headquarters. Price, 15 or the mdividual desires to penetrate. cents. asked him why, and he said, 'We each This and the poster design pre- The Prince of Peace Declama- have a name. I am Mr. Sunshine. viously mentioned might be used sepa- tion Contests. Since the war rately or combined in one, as the spirit as well as the facts of war Teacher calls Kenny, "Mr. Blackbird." Methodist women used it. are among the greatest obstacles to Christian missions, a number He has a black suit with a red tie. Handkerchief showers for Japanese of denominations are now includ- Mr. Blackbird is an Indian. We play missionaries raising money abroad ing these contests in their misthrough holding bazaars, handker- sionary programs each year. A Indian Sunday school.' " chiefs being excessively high in price booklet containing twelve orain Japan. tions which won first place in In the primary department, picture various State Peace Oratorical Blessing boxes distributed among Contests during 1932-33 has books are made for the boys and girls the membership, a penny to be dropped been printed by the Ohio Council in each time a personal blessing is of Churches and may be obtained in Japan, the materials being cut from noted. from that organization, at 44 East Broad St., Columbus, Ohio. old Sunday school papers and pasted Valuable key words to be used in Price, 25 cents. Information reprograms: "Give to the Lord and not garding contests will be fur- together according to a central theme to the treasurer." "Gush and grin nished free. The United Chrisfolks." "Now (a word of which John tian Missionary Society thinks -pictures about Jesus, about God's and Paul made frequent use), trans- so highly of this phase of misposing its letters for unique effects: sions that it includes two of the helpers, policemen, firemen, bakers "If we work hard now, we shall own declamations in its regular lita share in the missionary enterprise; erature packets. and the like. Groups of nations such and if we own a share or responsi- as Indians, Mexicans, etc., are feability for closing the year satisfactor- A Missionary Program for the ily, we shall also own a degree of Sunday School tured. Next month there will be satisfaction in having done aur part." "Weare won for Christ and are not The Outlook of Missions for stories and songs about the far-away our own: we are bought with a price." June prints the story which won friends, and the following month suit- "The victory will be won if we earnest- the first prize among Sunday ly do all the things suggested in the school teachers and officers in the able missionary plays will be introprogram. The battle over defeat, dis- 1934 Stewardship Essay and couragement and the depression will duced. Still later, "a real mlm from be won and ours will be the reward; India" will be engaged to talk. And but nothing will be won if we allow procrastination to rob us now; so now so the work will enlarge. let us pay our dues, subscribe for the missionary magazine, attain the sev- Among the young people, "Someeral goals, etc." times the teacher leads but more often A Family Party in a church, with a free supper, each organization seat- we have one of the young folks talk ed at a separate table with suitable decorations, money receptacle for of- on a missionary subject. Occasionally ferings, song sheets with homemade jingles to familiar tunes, place cards we have a foreign student or a re- turned missionary speak, or we have snapshots passed around which have been sent us from the field. Once in a while part of a letter from a mission station is read." A temperance leaflet written and illustrated by the Chinese is shown. An Arabian tells of his all- night watches on the hills of Bethle- hem. Each class is named after a missionary or a mission project, and each Christmas a box is sent to the particular stations. In the fall, mis- sion conference reports are rendered in the form of dramatizations, imag- inary broadcasts or informal round tables where the delegates sit around a table and share with us the inspira- tion and information gained. .

The home department of the Sunday school supplies the shut-ins with copies of the home and foreign mis- sion day services, the mission plays given, as well as letters from mission- aries. It is no wonder that the be- nevolent apportionment of such a church is paid fully and on time.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105· EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=~~~~~~~~~~~ Missionary Meditations has to be kept up every day and 2. THE PRACTICE OF ETERNITY 1. THE PRACTICE OF THE CROSS all days . . . This was a call to IN OUR HEARTS. give up their current ways of IN LIFE. thinking and to think more On Good Friday, 1927, G. deeply; to change their stand- Studdard Kennedy read the Can the blind guide the blind? ards of good and evil for truer story of the trial and crucifixion Shall they not fall into a pit? of Jesus on whose cross was the ones; to leave their present accusation, placed by a for- Thou who teachest another, selves to attain a higher plane of eigner, "This Is Jesus the King teachest thou not thyself? living together." of the Jews." As one listened to the reader, time and space were Jesus called the multitude It is suffering that has no forgotten. The congregation unto him, with his disciples, and meaning which makes us desper- was present at the trial and the said unto them, "If any man ate; it is suffering caused by crucifixion. And the Son of would come after me let him man became veritably the Son deny himself and take up his man's inhumanity to man which of God, to that assembly nothing cross and follow me." makes us bitter and rebellious, doubting. On another occasion, and breaks both heart and spirit. G. Studdard Kennedy taught, Who was this Jesus who early "We have seen that we are terriin life knew that he was the be- Grant us, 0 Father fied at having to bear the Cross, loved Son of God and who most but sooner or later it comes to us. often referred to himself as the Clear eyes of sincerity, Jesus' means of communication Son of Man? He came out of a That today we may look fearlessly with God were not different from wilderness experience to share over thy world, . ours.. He built up his world for his idea of the Kingdom of God. He gave his life to teaching and And through tragedy, evil and pain himself as we do our own, but his was the real world; it was of healing and did not allow the ac- See indwelling the whole, Thy Spirit. real value and had a meanclaiming crowd to make Him ing. . . . their king. Show us the Cross of Thy passion, 0 Christ, "We may have doubts and Who was this Jesus who wonder whether his way was the healed the sick, comforted the The meaning of all man's past, all his right way, or is there a truer sorrowing, who fed the hungry future, one. He bared his breast to the and then spent whole nights in foes and died in consequence, prayer in preparation for the Bound up in that Cross: and on Good Friday it looked like next day? He was in his early Show us the glory, the beauty, the joy the end of all things but Christhirties when he set his face tianity does not take his death steadfastly toward Jerusalem of Calvary, as the end. Which was right, after he told his intimate Teach us to bear Thy Cross forward. Jesus or His crucifiers? That is friends that going there meant the crucial point. Weare asked his death. His disciples fol- Amen. to stake our life on the principle lowed him. of love and discard hatred and From the Divine Companionship: warfare. Is it possible? It Who was this Jesus who in would not be, if we were left to Gethsemane while his followers J. S. Hoyland do it by ourselves, but we are slept could accept death as the not. God is on our side, so there way to fulfill his life's work? [195 ] is no impossibility. The dis- ciples realized that, as they went In an article called "The As- further with triumph, not as tonishment of the Cross," L. P. failures." Furthermore we have Jacks calls our attention to the each other in the church now enrecord quoted at the beginning, circling the globe. Are we towhich implies that Jesus asked day "like sheep, gone astray"? the multitude, not just his dis- Are we turned "everyone to his ciples, to take up their crosses. own way"? It is "an invitation not to take part in a ceremonial affair once in a lifetime" but to make it "the continuous keynote of the new life … a self-renunciation that

The man who wrote Eccle- PIONEERING TODAY IN Daniel A. Poling, called attensiastes and could write very tell- tion to the "World Day of ingly of the meaning of life and AMERICAN LIFE* Prayer," which this year falls on the vanities thereof, wrote in March 8. She urged that it althis connection: By MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD ways be referred to with the completing phrase "for mis- "I have seen the travail which The alluring theme, "Pioneer- sions," and that women engage God hath given to the sons ing Today in American Life," singly or in groups in prepara- of men to be exercised featured the program of the an- tory prayer at noon on Mondays therewith; nual meetings of the interde- in order that the fullest signifi- nominational Hom eMissions cance of the day be realized. He hath made everything beau- Council and the Council of Wom- Miss Seesholtz spoke of the need tiful in its time; also He en for Home Missions in Phila- of integrity of purpose and of hath set eternity in their delphia, January 6-10. The .the importance of group-action hearts." theme suggests that there is no cooperation, in the pioneering of easy road ahead. There are today. We thank Thee that in Thy presence many obstacles in the way. All barriers break, Churches exist that are indiffer- Home mission literature for ent and self-centered. There are 1935 is based on the theme All illusions dissolve, scoffers who count home mis- "Pioneering Today in Home All accidents of time and space vanish sions "a spent enthusiasm." Missions." It includes the usual Nevertheless there is also con- volumes for various age groups. away, fident hope and faith that the In addition, an American edition All separation, all bereavement, is courage w hie h characterized of a remarkable book recently those who first blazed Christian published in London, has been abolished trails across this continent is issued by the Missionary Educa- In the exceeding glory of Thy audience still a vital force. There are new tion Movement. It is entitled goals to be set and new triumphs "The Jew and World Ferment," chamber. to be achieved. by Basil Mathews.

Grant that we may know ourselves Although separately organ- Courageously both Councils working ized the· two Councils work in faced up to the problems of to- close cooperation. Separate ses- day. Changed conditions of In- Together in Thy one service, sions were planned for the morn- dian life resulting from new gov- Each in each knowing and sharing ings, and joint sessions for the ernment policies, necessitate a The hard and smooth, the bitter and afternoons and evenings. The restudy of service in that field. discussions included intimate Wide opportunities beckon to the sweet, and intricate details of Young united Protestantism for Chris- Members of each other made one in People's Work, Home Mission tian guidance in government In- Planning, Merger of Churches, dian schools and increasingly Thee Work among Migrant People, for friendly service through the One tool to work for Thee. the Christian Approach to the establishment of Christian cen- Jews, Church Building, Coopera- ters in Indian communities. One new creature in Thyself. Amen. tive Service to the Indians, and to New Americans. Promotion That the home mission enter- J. S. HOYLAND. of Home Mission Interest and prise must be adjusted to an in- Beneficence-a kaleidoscopic va- tensive era was the concluding "And Jesus came and touched riety of problems of common in- topic. "Home missions must now them, and said, Arise and terest. Breakfast committee learn to meet the needs of the be not afraid. meetings provided for additional new frontiers resulting from a discussions. From these emerged closing-in process. Moving pop- And lifting up their eyes, they reports for consideration in the ulations were part of an expan- saw no one save Jesus full sessions, such as "The Share sion era. We can no longer solve only." of Christian Youth in the Church our problems by moving away." Life," and "Young People on the Challenging all present to the *** Boards of Local Churches and task of making Christian mo- Their National Organizations." tives and standards more deter- An International Relations mining in all areas of life, this News Release gives news of the The annual meeting of the inspiring meeting of the Coun- Tenth Conference on the Cause Council of Women for Home cils adjourned. and Cure of War, Marathon Missions was pleasantly intro- Round Tables, and a "Message duced on Monday evening by a "And Jesus came and touched to the Churches." The follow- Fellowship Dinner which fea- them, and said, Arise and ing books were recolllmended at tured three addresses on: "Chris- be not afraid. the Conference on the Cause and tian Women as Modern Pio- Cure of War: "The Backwash neers." The president, Mrs. And lifting up their eyes, they of War," by Ellen W. LaMotte saw no one save Jesus (Putnam), $2.00; "Why Wars • Quoted by permission from Missions, only." Must Cease," by Ten Authors March, 1935. (Macmillan), $1.00; "Must We Have War?" by Ascher Henkim (Doubleday), $2.50; "The Power of Non-Violence," by Richard B. G reg g (Lippincott), $2.50; "Peace with Honor," by A. A. Milne (Dutton), $2.00; "Europe Between Wars," by H. F. Armstrong (Macmillan), $1.25; "The International Community and the Right of War," by Don Luigi Sturzo (R. R. Smith), $3.

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1 OUf W orld~wide Outlook ~'~I~====A=M=issi= ona=ry N=ew=spa~per~of=Cu=rre~nt E=ven=ts ~~~~~ INDIA AND BURMA in which it is stated that Islam out of the family and society.

Religious Liberty in New stands ready to sanction plural "We are willing that the Chris- India marriages when there have been tian community as a political en- no children from the first mar- tity should fade out," said Dr.

Dr. Cornelia Sorabji, an In- riage. It was hoped that popular J ones, "provided you allow peodian Christian lawyer, a des- opinion will increasingly oppose ple to stay in their homes and cendent of a Parsee family, re- plural marriage. be frank, open Christians, memfers to the Indian Joint Commit- The conference urged that the bers of a moral and spiritual ortee's promise of religious equal- Sarda Act be more vigorously ganization called the Christian ity and freedom from interfer- enforced. Most women of India, Church, without disability or ence with religious practices. including all the enlightened She contends that this· freedom ones, are opposed to child mar- penalty. They need not change riages. Much can be done by their dress nor their food. They is to be conferred on emanci- such conferences in creating could still be vegetarians if they pated Indians who are "more popular sentiment in favor of definitely outside the affected doing away with this evil. The desired, they could stand in the All-India Women's Conference stream of India's culture and inarea than the British them- will next meet in 'Travancore. terpret Christ in that stream. selves," and cites the Sarda Mar- As Indian women more and more Are you willing to advocate riage Act and the Temple Entry will be taking their place in the this?" Mr. Gandhi's reply was: ordinary councils of India the Bill (for Depressed Classes) as women's conference will find "Personally, I would. If my son types of well-meaning but mis- less and less scope for its activtaken legislative efforts which ities. -The Indian Witness. should become a Christian in the sense which you indicate, and have provoked threats of "blood- New Kind of Idolatry there should be no brandy and shed such as India has never cigars :involved, then I would In Benares, high place of idolknown before." She declares atry, among the shrines to mon- continue to hold him as an honthat the Sarda Act has been in- key gods and elephants gods, to ored member of my home and effective and has set back re- Shiva and Kali, there is now a would allow him to hold his faith form, and sees no protection for temple for a modern sort of wor- without interference. If you religion in the Committee's re- take this attitude most of the port. She calls for the viceroy's objections against Christianity previous sanction for any bill affecting religious usage and in India will fade out." -The Christian Century.

asks a two-thirds majority in the ship. There is no image within; Inter-Mission Business Office legislature for any such bill ad- just a great marble relief map, vocated by orthodox Hindus. Announcement is made of the fifty by fifty feet in dimension, opening of the Inter – Mission done to scale scientifically with Women's Conference-and Business Office in Bombay, Marriage India's mountains and rivers all which the REVIEW has already accurately drawn. Here is na- mentioned as in prospect. Three A women's conference is no tionalism, young India's object American missions are responsilonger a novelty in India; there- of worship-Mother India, spa- ble for starting the project; the fore the All-India Women's American Marathi Mis s ion, meeting at Karachi was not giv- cious and beautiful and ancient. -Sunday School Times. Church of the Brethren Mission en much press notice. A strong Stanley Jones Interviews and the Southern Asia Branch resolution was passed appealing Gandhi of the Board of Foreign Misto women to object to plural sions of the Methodist Episcopal marriages; to refuse to marry a Dr. Stanley Jones, in a recent Church. Three others have exman with another living wife. interview with Gandhi, put some pressed their desire to cooperate, This will be difficult to enforce questions to him about converts and twelve others have already unless others, besides the women to Christianity becoming a sep- entered into a partially cooperto be married, are opposed to arate political entity in India. ating arrangement for one plural marriages. Most of the Dr. Jones pointed out that Hin- year. Some of these have exteeth of this resolution were re- dus do not allow anyone who pressed their desire to consider moved by another resolution chose to follow Christ to remain full cooperation as the office bepassed by the Moslem members, in his own home, but put him comes more fully established.

[197 ]

The advantages of such an of- But one building after another where we preach, entertain male fice will be gained when a few was added, other workers came; guests, and do personal work. We missionaries will be able to re- in 1922 an outstanding need was have one preaching tent sixteen by lieve a large number of missions met by a school for girls. This thirty-two feet and a smaller one for from the necessity of maintain- has had a steady development. the women's work. These tents are ing a separate business office Then the Peabody-Montgomery pitched within sight of one another in with missionary personnel and Home for tubercular women was the villages where we get good heara separate staff. Chief emphasis opened. There is now a school ings. In the evenings we show lanat the beginning is being put on for missionaries' children, giv- tern slides on religious subjects or the ability of the office to offer ing significance to Taunggyi as preach. Around the tent walls we better facilities for the sale of a mission center. Because of the hang Gospel pictures, done by native drafts, arrangement of travel, healthful climate, a number of artists. We have forty folding stools, and banking in Bombay. The retired missionaries live there. and generally borrow a table and office is located at 82, Esplanade chairs from the villagers. I propose Road (American Ex p re s s – Watchman-Examiner. to teach the evangelist in the morn- Bldg.), Fort Bombay. ings, and in the afternoons to preach Missionaries Need Revival Too to the villagers. We intend to spend -The Indian Witness. at least three full weeks in any given At an evangelistic confer.ence center-longer if interest warrants. Epidemic in Ceylon of about seventy-five teachers and preachers at the English Christian Colleges in China Mary Leitch, missionary of Methodist Mission at Kyaukse the American Board in Ceylon, last October, about 40 witnessed Christianity is meeting some is seeking to enlist help in stem- to their faith. But it was a criti- of the fundamental needs of the ming a new plague that has cal moment when one of the Bur- Chinese people as they struggle broken out in Ceylon. Her let- mans said: "Well, it's all very for a new national life. Christer (dated February 6) states: well for us to face up to our sins, tian colleges are a very potent but what about the mission- agency in this reconstruction. There are 12,000 dead and at least aries? Will- they admit their sins Fukien University has made a 1,000,000, one sixth of the island's too? Will they confess as well contribution along four different population, afflicted by the ravages of as we?" A young missionary lines: a mysterious green germ malaria, a then made a complete surrender malady new to British medical science. of his life. He confessed his sins (1) Through the study of science I saw children less than 15 years of and witnessed to the new power and the spread of scientific education. age dragging their dead parents to and love of Christ in His life. graves, and I saw sick and dying men Redemption and release became (2) Through the study of Chinese and women burying their children. real, and then the Burmans too culture with its rich resources ac- wanted this release and joy and cumulated through many centuries. The London Mail of Feb. 4th power which only Christ can reported: give when we are ready to be (3) Through rural reconstruction, absolutely honest about our sins. one of the most urgent problems of The expert of a group of distin- present-day China. guished malariologists told the United CHINA Press tonight that the death total in (4) Through Christian character Ceylon's "green germ" malaria epi- New Methods in Tsinghai building. Many Fukien graduates are demic will probably reach 50,000. The today serving China with consecrated danger is that the disease may spread Mr. and Mrs. John Bell went lives. to India, and from there to every part from Canada in 1921, to work of the world. for the C. 1. M. in Tsinghai. -C. J. L., in the Missionary They are now undertaking a new Herald. Missionary Center in Burma work, described by Mr. Bell in China's Millions: New Medical Work Northeast of Burma are the Shan States under the general We have moved to an entirely new The C.M S. has opened an ursupervision of the British Gov- and unworked district. It is interest- gently needed work in a market ernment, but under the direct ing from several standpoints. The town near Canton, South China, rule of chiefs or Sawbwas. population is made up of Chinese, a center for 20 villages. H. A. Taunggyi is the capital of this Moslems, aborigines and a few Tibet- Wittenbach writes in The Life territory, and 28 years ago was ans. All speak Chinese except the of Faith: without any Christian. About latter. Facing the main street we that time Dr. and Mrs. A. H. have a shop which has been cleared In the first month over 400 patients Henderson, American Baptist of counter and other fixtures, and were treated. There were over 1,300 missionaries, set up a dispensary equipped with a table, two chairs, and visits to the clinic, the average daily and day school for the dozen or some benches. The walls are white- attendance being about forty-five. A so children who s e parents washed and decorated with Gospel Christian dispenser has been engaged. braved the wrath of the Bud- posters. At one end is a small room As yet there is only accommodation dhist community and subjected partitioned off, and in it a kang on for out-patients. Christian and other their children to Christian teach- which the evangelist sleeps. It also posters are displayed on the walls of ing. On Sundays there was Bi- contains a cupboard for literature and the Gospel hall, which serves as a ble teaching and public worship. medicines. This is the preaching shop, waiting room for patients, and church There was vigorous opposition. workers have an opportunity of ex- plaining these, and of teaching those who wait. Christian literature is also available for those who can read. Several new members have been brought into the Church, and the clinic is already having an effect on public opinion.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"The Christian Farmer" could resist. We modified the limb published in Isfahan, in its issue we had learned to make, and after of January 3, 1935, published an The Christian Farmer, news- some experimenting we had the pleas- article entitled, "The World paper for rural Chinese, has had ure of seeing Mrs. Liu walking with- Bows Down Before Islam," as a good start. At the end of the out support. Some time later the follows: first two months the paid sub- same Convent sent us a girl of about scription list was 2,400, and rep- nine, who had also lost both feet, and Recently M. Benito, the Italian resented 19 provinces as well as within two days of the last try-on, she, philosopher, has been converted to Korea and Siam. Four-fifths of too, was walking, proud and unaided. Islam. When such deep thinking peothe subscribers were related to We have altogether supplied that con- ple accept Islam for their religion, it some Christian organization. vent with five legs, and received shows that Islam is the best religion. The articles are written in a lan- through them $100 (£7 lOs.) towards M. Benito, after conversion, is pubguage understood by thousands the task of setting China's cripples lishing a weekly magazine on Islamic of recent literates, chiefly rural. on their feet. principles and privileges to give the The paper is published under the news to others. auspices of the North China -The Chronicle. Christian Rural Service Union, In one of his articles he writes, "I and is financed by the Presbyte- JAPAN-CHOSEN want to ask the European missionrian China Council, the Chris- aries who go to the Orient for mistian Literature Promotion Fund Mikado a Moslem?-Not Yet! sionary work why they go there and and other special gifts. The edi- try to disturb the Orientals? What tor is Mr. T. H. Sun, a former The following article (trans- benefit do they give to the followers Secretary of the National Chris- lated) appeared in an Arabic of Islam? Aren't they deceiving themtian Council of China. That this newspaper in Latakia, Syria, the selves? I, who am a Farangi, do my newspaper is filling a great need Al-Irshad for September 24, part in giving the good tidings of is indicated by the following let- 1934: Islam to my countrymen. Islam is the ter from a reader in Kansu only religion of peace and comfort Province: It was reported a few weeks ago and the protector of world peace." that the MIKado of Japan had em- "The Tien Chia paper (The braced Islam. 'l'hen thIS was denied Another Italian teacher writes an Christian Farmer) has given in certain quarters. "He had not yet article in which he points out that up great satisfaction to us all. We embraced lslam, but was sympathetic to some years ago the Christians have about a dozen different towards it-That's all!" But we have showed Islam to be the worst religion magazines here, but they are all come across very important facts in of the world, but fortunately the prepared for the better-educated an article in Al-Ayam, taken from an Europeans, especially their diplomats, classes and are quite beyond the Indian paper DmnWian Star (sic) found out the truth that the only way understanding of us farmers. about the Islamic movement in Ja- to get away from the world. crisis ~s The Tien Chia is the only maga- pan … by accepting the peace-seekmg relIzine in which useful information gion of Islam. is rendered in simple language A Japanese Islamic delegation rewhich even women and children cently arrived in India, Afganistan, Such is propaganda! Can any can readily understand. Weare and Persia, bearing official papers be induced to believe these statesending $1.50 for five subscrip- from the Japanese liovernment, and ments, entirely unsupported by tions for one year." has begun to meet with some of the evidence? The credulity of men Muslim Ulama and confer with them is great, especially if they have -Rural Missions. about a journey to Tokyo to observe no access to facts. The memory the Islamic movement there. The of men must be short, and their Putting China on Its Feet members of this delegation stated that knowledge very limited, if they the number of those who had em- can forget the Turkish and other Dr. Keith Gillison of the Un- braced Islam in Japan up to the pres- Mohammedan aggressive wars ion Hospital at Hankow says ent had reached 65,000 in Tokyo alone! and massacres of racial and rethat no annual report is com- and that there were many eager to ligious foes, which so clearly displete without some mention of adopt this religion but who were prove the preposterous claim artificial legs. waiting for someone to explain to that "Islam is the only religion them its beauties. of peace and comfort, and its Weare now working on leg number protector of world peace." 61. What pleases me most, however, The members of the delegation is the fact that we have not only made added that the government had desig- Facing Religion progress in making limbs, but have nated large amounts in its budget this found it possible to begin tackling year to build mosques in Japan, and A big Japanese daily newspacases of double amputation. The Con- it is expected that seventy mosques per declares that "one of the vent of St. Anne sent me a Mrs. Liu will be built there within five years. most significant developments in who had lost both feet from frost-bite. A member of the delegation was Japan in the past year or so is Previously it had been our rule to re- asked about the report that the Mi- the sudden interest shown by fuse to attempt such cases-it was kado had embraced Islam, and he con- the people in religion." This felt that the type of limb we turned firmed it, saying that the emperor takes the form of making reliout was not suitable for those who had been converted by the Turkish gious books best sellers. The had not one sound foot to stand on. sheikh, Muhammad Ali Bakir. But Broadcasting Association of J a- Mrs. Liu, however, had a pair of ideal some of the European papers attempt pan puts on a morning religious stumps, firmly healed, and the temp- to deny the news for fear that its ef- service. Buddhism, Confuciantation to help her was more than we fect upon Moslems will be to make ism, Christianity, all are being them pro-Japanese. It is enough that considered. "Once," says the an American paper, looking at this Times, "Marxist publications report from a purely commercial and socialistic books were best standpoint, said that the Mikado had embraced Islam to expedite the sale of Japanese goods in the Islamic world.

The vernacular press in Per- sia also publishes stories of the spread of Islam. Erfen, a paper

sellers in Japan, particularly modation was for 730 patients, C. E. Objectives among the younger generation, there were already 910 inmates; From all of Korea's thirteen but today religious books are but they readily agreed to re- provinces, from Manchuria and best sellers. It is quite a wide ceive 80 homeless fellow-suffer- Japan came 2,157 registered step from Marxism to Buddhism ers. delegates to attend the first or Confucianism, but it is true quadrennial convention of the that the people of Japan are At a memorial service at Ai- National Christian Endeavor more interested in religious con- seien a blind survivor told how Union held in Pyengyang, Sept. solation thap. in Marxism or Fas- he himself had been saved by 1-6, 1934. One delegate came cism." Miss Nakano. He had been from over 100 miles beyond Har- walking in deep water, sup- bin. Attendance so far exceeded Methodist's 60th Anniversary ported by her, when a high wave expectations that a second edi- struck them. When he was even- tion of the programs, song books The anniversary of the com- tually saved he cried bitterly on and badges had to be hastily ising of the first Methodist mis- hearing that the chief nurse was sued. It was estimated that sionaries to Japan 60 years ago missing. He wept again at the 2,000 took part in the Convenwas widely observed last winter. service, crying "She died instead tion communion service. At a great mass meeting in Hibi- of me, me, helpless, blind, half ya Hall, Tokyo, 1,500 listened to dead, ugly leper !" A list of objectives was Bishop Akazawa's appeal for a adopted: spiritual solution to Japan's -Without the Camp. present difficulties, and personal Double the membership in four loyalty to Jesus Christ. A joint Uphill Work in Rural Korea years. choir of 120 voices from all the Methodist churches of the city, It has been said that with a Encourage all to read good books under the leadership of Prof. good man, a living allowance and magazines. and a village in which to put Train young people's leaders.

Nakada of Aoyama Gakuin Col- him, it is possible to start a Emphasize temperance. lege, gave assurance by their group of Christians almost any- Acquaint the church with the need singing in Japanese a number of where in Korea. About a year for work among juniors and intermedifficult sacred oratorios that ago the Presbyterian Rural Com- diates, and train leaders for these. Japan is no longer dependent mittee of Korea offered to pay Organize junior and intermediate upon foreign musicians for guid- half the salary of a man to go societies in each church.

ance in music. Another evidence into an entirely non-Christian Each C. E. member teach at least of Methodism's growing power country district, if the Presby- one person to read during the year.

is the announcement that during tery would pay the other half. Keep ownership of land. Do not 1934 nine new churches of the This was agreed upon, and Lee sell even to educate children.

denomination have been dedi- Heung Soo, an elder with suc- Economize. Never spend more than cated, four of them in Tokyo, cessful experience as Bible So- Yen 50 for weddings and feasts. and largely free from debt. ciety colporteur and an evangel- Encourage hygiene.

-Christian Century. istic worker, was sent into one Work land together and use pro- of the most hopeless districts ceeds for young people's work.

Leper Colony Swept Away among the mountains, a place Thank God for Christian Endeavor notorious for its large number of in Korea. Among other disasters result- communists. At first there was ing from the typhoon that swept much indifference and some per- -Korean Echoes. Japan last September, the Soto- secution, with no permanent rejima Leper Colony near Osaka sults to speak of. But Mr. Lee's Young Girl's Prayer was wholly destroyed. Of the last letter says: 594 inmates 170 lost their lives The Missionary Link puband also 14 members of the staff By the blessing of the Lord I am lished the first prayer in Engand their families. Among the well and enjoying the preaching of lish of a fourth year student in latter was the chief nurse, Miss the Gospel greatly. Yesterday, Sun- Doremus Girls' High School, Ja- day, five influential young men of this pan.

Nakano, who did everything pos- district decided to become Christians, Our Father in Heaven: I want to for which I am exceedingly grateful, thank Thee that I can live and thank sible to save the helpless blind and there are many signs of the Chris- Thee every day. We are so happy patients. The colony had been in tian work doing well here now. We that I forget to think of poor people. existence for twenty-five years, have over forty meetings now for Please help me to think about the poor and new buildings which were worship, and in a number of places people, and though I can do but little near at hand several people in each let me do anything I can for them. almost completed. But new and place are also acknowledging themold were all swept away in less selves as Christians. Under the aus- Please let them know God in than an hour. The 424 survivors pices of the township office and the Heaven, because when we know Thee were distributed among five oth- public school an agricultural conven- we can live most happily and lead a er leper institutions in various powerful life. parts of the country. At Aiseien, tion has been held here, and I have national leprosarium at Okay- been attending, and have had many Please give me power and bravery opportunities of speaking a word for in life. Please let me study faithfully ama, where the normal accom- the Church. every day. Please let me spend today in thankfulness. -Korean Echoes. This we ask in Christ's name.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

PACIFIC ISLANDS Courage in Midst of Danger posts maintained by the church for more than a century. Important Gain in New Britain The Big Nambas tribe in the Scarcely a month before, dras- mountains of Malekula are ad- Only a few years ago Nakanai, mitted to be the most turbulent tic retrenchments by the Nation- New Britain, was 100% hea- cannibals remaining in the New al Council seemed inevitable. In then. Rev. A. E. Brown reports Hebrides. Apon, a native evan- desperation, Bishop James De that within ten years eleven vil- gelist, has volunteered to work Wolf Perry made a personal aplages have been occupied; many in this dangerous field. At a more have been visited, so that prayer meeting, before his de- peal to a small group of individ- ual Episcopalians of g rea t the Gospel is gradually penetrat- parture to his new sphere of la- wealth for five gifts of $20,000. ing the whole area. Mr. Brown bor, he prayed: "Man Big Nam- He not only secured his $100,000 writes of Australian Methodist bas they are fighting and shoot- but an additional gift of $30,000 ing each other, and we are some- from some one who wanted to work: times in danger. But we have build a hospital or a school in Jesus. We thank Thee for His China. In addition to the large There is an increase of fifteen mem- love. He stops with us and gives gifts there were smaller donabers in full, and nineteen on trial, . .tions totaling $70,000 raised by with two hundred and forty seekers; us His great work to do." individuals in a last-minute apand we now have teachers in 36 vil- peal. lages. We have five boys as candi- -The Christian. dates for George Brown College. NORTH AMERICA A Hand Written Bible Great keenness is displayed by the children of the new villages, the teach- Home-the Strategic Center Recently 300 business and er reporting that often when they are working in their garden children ap- There is widespread concern professional men finished writproach and request that they be taught there and then. In our new villages the first steps have been to teach the people the days of the week, for making and keeping Ameri- ing a 4,000 page copy of the Biand to encourage them to prepare food on Saturdays for Sundays. Often the can homes effective agencies in ble in Mansfield, Ohio. The task teacher will be in his house, or per- Christian training. The Presby- was started by the First Luhaps in his garden, when a group of terian Church has laid special theran Church. It was in con- men conversing together will send a emphasis on this during the nection with a Bible course. boy to the teacher to ask him when it will be Sunday again. year, and evidence of intense in- Each man was assigned sixteen terest from all parts of the coun- to eighteen pages of copying. Preaching is their subject for con- try is reaching the Board of versation throughout the week, and When the work was completed often reports of a sermon are carried Christian Education and the the pages were bound together to other villages for discussion. joint committee set up by the and made two volumes of six Conversion of Batak Chief General Council. Requests for inches thickness each. There are materials gIvmg suggestions not many such hand written Rev. Ragnar AIm, American about making the emphasis ef- Methodist missionary to Sumat- copies of the Scriptures in the ra, recently baptized a Batak fective in the local church have world. The scriveners declared poured in in such numbers that they had read and learned more chieftain who had been a bitter enemy to Christianity. After his it has been difficult to take care of the Scriptures than ever bebaptism the old chieftain told of them promptly. Many ser- fore. the large congregation of his long search for peace. As one mons are centering on the em- -Watchman-Examiner. phasis ; study and discussion of their most famous witchdoc- groups are under way, and spe- United Lutheran Policies tors, he had done everything to cial programs are being introplease the spirits, how he offered duced into a variety of situa- The Board of American Misto them on the high mountains, sions of the United Lutheran tions. Other denominations em- Church, recognizing the increasunder the holy trees and at the phasizing family religion this ingly important part which linsacred rivers, but the spirits had guistic groups are playing in the year are having a similar experigiven him no peace. He had. ence. development of American life fought the Christian religion and One Church Balances Budget both in the United States, plans its messengers when they first to subsidize religious publica- came to his village, and he tried Released unexpectedly from tions in foreign languages, espe- to keep his son from its influ- the most trying financial crisis cially those circulating among ence; but all in vain. Then he in its history, the National Coun- Hungarian, Slovak, Finnish, told them of the increasing in- cil of the Protestant Episcopal Spanish and Yiddish residents.

fluence of the living Christ in his Church announced February 14 The prime purpose is to afford own life, and how it was that he the balancing of an emergency the assistance of the Church to had come to realize that Christ, budget of $2,313,115 for the every effort made to counteract and Christ alone, could give the support of home and foreign the flood of godless, communistic peace he for years has been seek- missions in 1935. This result propaganda. The Lutheran ing. His changed countenance forestalls the expected recall of Church is more and more cen- showed that bitterness had given scores of missionaries and the tering all its home mission ac- place to good will. abandonment of mission out- tivities in the Board of Ameri-

can Missions. The Savannah partment of Prison Missions" 14. Fifteen thousand people Convention last fall took tenta- which is now three years old. filled the great Forum to capac- tive action on this, while the The program of the department ity and many were turned away.

New York and the Virginia Syn- is twofold, corrective and pre- A choir of 2,000 voices supplied ods have agreed to put to a test ventive. In the corrective field, the music, accompanied by the the plan's practicability by vol- the gospel is being carried be- Citadel band of the Salvation untarily turning over to the hind prison walls by means of Army.

Board their entire home mission religious services, Bible classes, The seven religious bodies co- activity for 1935. furnishing Bibles and individual operating in this campaign were Closer supervision of finances counseling; and also in this field the Baptist Church, the Church in every group applying for is the rehabilitation and adjust- of England, the Eastern Ortho- home mission funds will be put ment after release. In the pre- dox Churches, the Lutheran into effect. The Board will re- ventive field, the effort is being C h u r c h, the Presbyterian quire each group to submit a de- made to go before the schools Church, the Salvation Army and tailed statement of the pledges and churches of the state and the United Church of Canada. secured in the every-member- present to people their respon- Representatives of each of these visitation, and where the report sibility in the field of crime pre- groups took part in the service, is unfavorable, a trained worker vention. while hundreds of clergy were will be assigned to develop the This work is carried on in given seats on the platform. A group's understanding and prac- Minnesota only. Rev. Roy Olson, touch of color was lent to the tice of stewardship. Operating director, states in his annual re- scene by the black and gold robes upon an absolute "pay as we go" port, that he made 227 visits to of the Eastern Orthodox clergy.

basis, the Board allocated $500,- institutions, conducted 95 serv- The Bishop of Montreal deliv- 000 to about 700 missions in the ices, gave 464 personal inter- ered the principal address. United States and Canada. views, distributed hundreds of -The Living Church.

While the present policy is to- tracts, Bibles, and papers, had Children at Anvik ward strengthening existing 11 conferences with wardens, missions, plans for 1935 include and traveled 31,000 miles by car. Miss Dorothea McHenry, R.N., opening a large number of new -The Christian Century. points. of Christ C h u r c h Episcopal A Saul Becomes a Paul Mission, Anvik, Alaska, writes What One Girl Learned Louis H. Aronson, once a J ew- that she has furnished a room Here is another proof of the ish atheist, rea d Professor for six Indian boys of the misvalue of Vacation Bible Schools. James' "Varieties of Religious sion, ages 4 to 18, who have tu- At the conclusion of the D. V. Experience," with its many il- bercular hips, spine or lungs. B. S. in La Grange, Georgia, a lustrations of conversion and the Of this miniature hospital, Miss summer student worker asked new birth, and was much moved. the older children to write on Then he began to attend the McHenry is the whole staff, doc- "What the Bible School Has Pen i e I Presbyterian Mission tor, supervisor, student body, or- Meant to Me." From Christine Chicago, and there gave himself derly, maid, laundress, cook, Skelton, aged 15, he received the to Christ. He is now combating dish washer, seamstress, and chaplain.

At the time of Miss McHen- following: atheism among Jews of Chicago ry's writing the whole station was listening for the first air Bible school has meant quite a lot in parks and on street corners. mail to Anvik. When the work On a recent Sunday afternoon began there 40 years ago, there to me this year. I did not know very he debated with a leading commuch about the Bible when I started was scarcely one mail a year. LATIN AMERICA because I had never had the chance to munist in their own hall on the subject, "Resolved that the study it like I did these past weeks. Marxian Interpretation of the I also learned the seven essentials of Christian Worship and the seven kinds of prayer and what each meant. Origin and Purpose of Religion Missions Go On Prayer is one of the most important is False." Jews swarmed about phases of a person's life. If you can- the speakers after the meeting, Evangelical Christianity is not pray you should learn how. God asking questions, voicing objec- adjusting itself to the situation is behind every beautiful thing in the tions but withal keenly inter- in Mexico, and finding ways to world. God's works are the most beau- ested in the Christian faith. prove how useful a church can tiful things that you will ever see. If be. In some ways the work has you get out and study nature, and -Sunday School Times. been enlarged. A paster in one look at the beautiful side of things, of the well established churches it will help you to think of life more Montreal's Evangelism of the American Board Mission pleasantly and beautifully. Bible Campaign was forbidden to carryon servschool has taught me to look on the ices of worship in his church. best side of everything. A Service of Christian Wit- -Missionary Herald.

Prison Missions ness, opening a seven weeks' This proved to be a challenge to campaign of evangelism directed him and to his congregation; The Norwegian Lutheran by non-Roman Catholic churches they are using the church as a Church of America has a "De- of Montreal, was held January center of social service, thus

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

reaching people not influenced have contributed ten per cent of New Work at Ocano by it before. this to help relieve the pressure A little. over a year ago the To prepare pastors of other on American fellow-churchmen I c~urches for similar emergen- -The Living Church. Presbyterian Board assigned ~Ies, should they arise, a train- R~v. Thomas E. Barber and his mg conference on the social ap- Changes in Guatemala WIfe to ionpet hn eu pvawlleoyr ka mi noOn gcatnho~ proach was arranged in Guad- located alajara in the early winter. Within the last year or two mountains formed by the head Two of the most important the Roman Church has wakened waters of the Rio de Oro, a leadership training schools con- up to the likelihood that the branch of the Catatumba which ducted by the American Board country may grow Protestant, flows into TLhaekepopMulaartaicoaniboi~ Venezuela. still go on with the permission and now they are putting forth estimated at about 28,000. A of the authorities; lay leaders every effort to recapture lost group of fine towns lie around ~ho can minister to congrega- ground. At the first (1882) the qcana an~ a road connecting tions that have no ordained lead- missionary had to walk on the eIght or nme of these is being ~rs are being trained increas- street with a plain clothes police- conv~rted into a highway, thus mgly..The emphasis on religious man or two with him to guaran- formm~ a convenient circuit.

education and on the production tee safety. But within a few Reportmg their thyeeeaxrp'seriwenocrek~ Mr. Barber said of suitable Christian literature months after beginning that is being strengthened. necessity ceased and fanaticism had been the richest of their -Missionary Herald. kept growing less. missionary life. He described The Church in Haiti Of late the Liberals are begin- Ocana as a place which needs ning to recognize the necessity everything; one where most The Christian Church in Haiti of a closer alliance with the people have no conception of Evangelicals. It is a long call is a black church. Of its 15,698 from the plain clothes policeman what the Gospel is. m~mbers, over 15,000 have dark to one of the principal dailies s~~ns. In a republic of 2,500,000 . the other day publishing a good Scarcely two months after his cItizens, 90 % are black. Of its cut of the Central Church report was written, Mr. Barber (Evangelical) with its congretthweenBtiys-hfoopurancdleDrgey~noKnlryoltlw-aor-e- gation of 582 and the statement was brought to New York critwhite. Most of these black par- ~hat we are numerous and grow- mg, that it is the true Christian- ically ill, and died in the PresasoltnhsowugehreatrfaeiwnefdorinaHsahiotirtittsiemlf~ ity and a moralizing and spirhave been in America. There is itualizing force. byterian Hospital, February 4. ~n excellent ~heological college m Port au Prmce; it has a five- -Guatemala News. He had carried on evangelistic work for the Colombia Mission for 25 years.

Vacation Schools in Brazil year course, twelve months a New Hospital in Nicaragua "If anyone has doubts of the year. White supervision of this efficacy of church v a cat ion Church will probably be deeded A Moravian hospital was schools on the foreign field let opened at Bilwas Karma, Nicf?r another generation./ Par- aragua, in May last year. Grow- him come to Campo Bello M{nas tI~ularly interesting is .the dou- ing attendance at the clinic is BraZ'I1, " says Mrs. J. M."Sydenblmg of the member~hip in a seen in the following figures: May, 351; June, 278; July, 309; stricker. August, 584; September, 564; decade, among a peO'ple almost October, 800. Patients have "In 1932 we had five schools come from over seventy-five difstatic in numbers;' also to be ferent towns and villages, from and last December we put on stihx~ places 400 miles distant. The and not a missionary on noted is the increase in value of missionary in charge, after a trip over the district, reported church buildings,· from $13 000 that people are just beginning teaching force. All six schools to come, and that room must be to $105,750. In other words: ten provided for 125 patients daily. of the Campo Bello church years ago tJle churches were No figures are available for which has a membership of scarcely more than native bhuuiltsd~. the spiritual work, but each about 90, were in out-of-the-way !oday substantial concrete clinic and each operation is pref- and needy places. Three were tmifgusllhyavdeesbigeneneds,ucblsetaintu, teadd~qbueaatue- aced by prayer. The hospital is ~n the country on farms, one was 160 miles from Puerto Cabezas, m a near-by village six miles and permanent. from the railroad. The one in ~hFeon r the three years just opffaesrt~ our branch Sunday school had a general missionary matriculation of seventy. The ~ngs have decreased alarmingly sixth was in an unreached secms!lftfhereinh~ofmroemchaudrcehpreHssaioitniabnes~ tion of town and thereby hangs sId~ WhICh ours is as nothing, of a tale! An eight-year-old girl theIr penury have given more was so downcast because no school was to be held at the cent~an their quota to support mis- the source of most supplies. tral building that I asked her if SIOns other than their own. Fur- Drugs require from six to twelve she would not like to put on one thermore, native pastors, with weeks to arrive. herself. No sooner said than a salary of about $60 a month, -Moravian Missions. done! That same evening she

came with nineteen names that fruitful work among North total over 10,000. Financial she had secured on her street. Africa Moslem students in Paris. straits threaten to curtail this At once she took a 'short course' Though very difficult, the work work seriously. in programs and· direction, took is not in vain. Moroccans are -The Christian.

along enough materials and eager to buy tracts and Gospels. started her school. There was The method is to take up a posia daily average of fifteen pres- tion in a restaurant, or on a Protestant Disunity in ent, and the school ended with bench in the public square and Germany a final program and exposition read aloud to all who will stop Disunity in the ranks of the of handwork at which the proud to listen. Many a Kabyle stu- opposition Protestant clergy has dent has listened attentively, and helped Reich Bishop Mueller. parents were present." Some of the results are a new expressed deep interest. One According to the Ministry of the circle of the Woman's Auxiliary; Kabyle was brought to a confes- Interior's plans, Bishop Mueller a timid country woman has be- sion of faith by reading a tract, was to have been requested to come a capable leader, and her "Which of the Two, Christ or resign, but Herr Hitler discovhusband and three daughters Mohammed ?" ered the Confessional synods have become professed Chris- -The Life of Faith. were not united behind Bishop August Marahrens, who is head tians; Sunday school attendance Paris Tabernacle Church of the so – called temporary has grown remarkably. church government and sup- -Christian Observer. The Paris Tabernacle Church posedly its candidate for the post of Reich Bishop. Sturdy Christians in Bahia is undenominational, but coop- erates with other evangelical The financial administration From seven to 165 members movements. It is self-support- of Reich church affairs has been in ten years is the record of a ing. With only 300 members made entirely independent of Baptist church in Bahia, Brazil. Bishop Mueller by a decree From the parent hive another and none of them rich, it never- issued in the hope that dioceses church has swarmed off, which theless accepts responsibility carries on five Sunday schools. for spreading the Gospel in where the Reich Bishop is not recognized will nevertheless be Bahia is intensely Catholic, Paris, and even in the French willing to pay their quotas to a and when these people learned colonies, so that beside its own neutral finance commission. that the converted priest, Dr. support the church gives about Raphael Martins Gioia, was com- Catholic legal aid bureaus of ing to preach there, they went $10,000 a year to benevolent and Thuringian church workers' oron their knees for a week, ask- missionary purposes. It has six ganizations have been suping for a hall large enough to outstations around Paris and in pressed on ,the order of the accommodate the crowds they Brittany and a mission on the Thuringian Government.

knew would want to hear him. Ivory Coast, West Africa, with Their faith was honored, for the six white missionaries and three city turned over to them the largest auditorium in Bahia native evangelists. There is a Revival in Germany without further charge than the home for aged women and a cost of electric lighting. summer home for children. A Rev. Samuel Trexler, former religious boo k s hop is main- president of the United Lutheran As a result of these meetings tained. Synod of New York, after a two nearly three hundred persons months' tour of Germany and asked for instruction in the -Sunday School Times. Russia, predicts the ultimate things of Christ. Among the victory of the opponents of converts was a Carmelite monk. Christian Missionary Church, Bishop Mueller and his German The little church had to provide Belgium Christian movement. He says: him with a civilian's suit and a ticket to Rio de Janeiro, for fur- Two French-speaking churches "Everywhere one sees evither residence in Bahia would in Brussels of the Christian Mis- dence of an awakened churchhave meant certain death. The sionary Church of Belgium cele- in many cases a revival." In all visiting preacher, Dr. Gioia, had brated their centenary recently. churches he found overflowing to be accompanied constantly by The churches came into being as and eager congregations. He a bodyguard of evangelical a protest against the invasion of speaks particularly of an audichurch members. rationalism into the one Chris- ence of 10,000 people packed in tian community in Brussels at the Tennis hall in Berlin to hear -Sunday School Times. that time. Subsequently, a doc- Dr. Niemoller preach a simple trinal difference rent this church Gospel sermon, free from any. EUROPE and a secession followed. Stilr political allusion. "The most later both churches became part vivid picture that remains with For Moslems in Paris of the Christian Missionary me," says Dr. Trexler, "is the Church of Belgium. The or- noble army of martyrs and ganization today has 42 congre- Two young men of the North gations, 67 Sunday schools, 22 heroes of the faith who are ris- Africa Mission, Messrs. Warren ministers, and three evangelists. ing up in every part of the Rejch. and Hocart, are carrying on a Communicants and adherents They are men of apostolic mold,

1935] OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and the result of their life and took them back to Poland. There out a man in the audience and asked prayer may bring a new refor- sixty-three were given Palestine him to pass the message on to the mation." -Christian Century. others present. When the leader fin- immigration certificates, the rest ished what he had to say, a round are presumably waiting for the table discussion followed.

Propose Union in Italy day when they, too, may realize In my travels on horseback with their hope. th~ .missio~aries I noted a very in- Methodist work in Italy has spIrmg thmg – the untiring and been carried on by two separate -Our Jewish Neighbors. never-failing efforts to proclaim British and American societies. Christ to passers-by, no matter where If plans for unions are approved AFRIOA or when we met them.

by British Methodists, the work Islamic Missionaries Medical care is sadly lacking. I located only one doctor in all the area visited. Several 'nurses and men of promises to gain in strength. The opposition to' Christian little medical experience are dotted American Methodists have of- here .and ~here among the villages, but fered to leave the field to the missionaries in Egypt last year nothmg IS done commensurate with British brethren. The essen- the need. Seemingly insurmountable tials of the proposed union are: has been followed by one unfore- difficulties are the daily portion, and seen result: defenders of Islam whenever Christ makes a victory in 1. That the Board of Foreign have seen that a live religion the soul of a man it seems the devil Missions transfer to the Mis- . must be a propagating one, and does his best to undo what has been sionary Society of the Methodist notwithstanding the fervor with done. Yet time and again the power Church the present work and of the. Cross has proved sufficient. most of the properties used for which they denounced Christian religious purposes, including the missionaries as intruders, Is- A Pigmy Ohief's Funeral Casa Materna Orphanage, near lamic missionaries are to be sent Naples. to China, Japan, Ethiopia and An extract from the diary of Miss M. Harman, "Heart of 2. That the International Col- South Africa. A training class Africa" missionary among the lege, on Monte Mario, Rome, be has been started in the Azhar pigmies: continued by the American University to prepare these for- Church. The pigmy chief was dead, his wife eign workers fo"r their task, was ill and I was sent for. It was hell The two churches are essen- which they describe as "going to let loose. The corpse with painted tially one in origin and faith. help their brothers in those face, hat on and handkerchief tied Their union will more than lands." A group of Chinese stu- over his mouth lay on a native bed on double the Methodist impact in the porch of a tiny hut. He died yes- Italy. -Christian Advocate. dents now in the university pre- terday and the odor was terrible, but sent an opportunity to train one woman sat hugging his knees, and another was fondling his hands and workers for China. A book is wailing over him. I could not talk to being compiled by Moslem lead- the sick woman for the noise outside.

All Ports Closed ers which is to be used as prop- aganda among English-speaking In the small space before the house A pathetic example of the people. Another committee has was a crowd of pigmies. Some womhomelessness of the Jews is re- undertaken to collect and study en sat in a circle clapping and singported from Poland. A company ing as one danced in the midst. Every- all Arabic publications which atof 318 Jewish young men and tack Islam in order to answer ob- one else was accusing, storming and women, seeking release from cursing. Three or four fights were grinding poverty and fired with jections and prepare young going on at once—a man and woman sheikhs with suitable weapons at each other's throats, two women hope of a bright future in Pales- for the defense of their religion. fighting like cats. Others were holdtine, ancient homeland of their The state radio is being used ing back a swearing woman literally people, embarked on a Greek dancing with rage, while another ship for the land of their dreams. continuously for Moslem preach- rolled over and over on the ground ing and the reading of the screaming. A leper woman worked But the admission of Jewish im- Koran. Once a week there is a herself backwards along the ground, migrants to Palestine is strictly radio talk by a man who calls shrieking, as she went, to throw herlimited. When they reached self upon the corpse. One man broke their haven all attempts to land himself "A Friend of Families." away and threatened to shoot poisoned -Blessed Be Egypt. arrows so there was more screaming were frustrated by shore patrols. and chaos, but one man thought things Turning about, the vessel then In Southern Ethiopia were too quiet and started to ring a set sail for Constantinople. wooden dog bell. There they had the same recep- Dr. R. W. Hockman, United tion. Next Salonika was tried, Presbyterian Missionary in Opening in Nigeria with the same results. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, made a three-weeks' journey into Ethi- In spite of many government The vessel cruised about for opia's southern provinces, and restrictions which are seriously nearly three months with its in the Woman's Missionary hampering Christian work in shipload of three hundred wan- Magazine briefly gives a few of French West Africa, the workdering Jews who were every- his impressions. ers are greatly encouraged. In one town, many of the Moslem where refused a place of refuge -a ghost ship that could find no The first thing which struck me teachers called upon the missionport where it could discharge its was the literal poverty in which the ary and listened very attentively human cargo. At last a Ru- missionaries are living, and yet like it. to the Gospel message. One of them openly admits: "While we manian ship was found which Another thing was the method of Sabbath worship. The leader picked

are in darkness, you have the discussed. Not many years in contributions from Australia, light." The responsiveness of afterwards Elat had the largest with the gradual reduction of the children in another place has Presbyterian congregation in the grants from England, is affectopened up the way for Gospel world. Although the group has ing the work seriously. Some of work in some of the compounds: been divided, Sunday morning the evangelists can only give new hymn books have been attendance at Elat often runs part-time service to churches and typed, and the first four chap- into the thousands. schools because they have to ters of the Acts of the Apostles There are now 94 mission- earn money to pay their poll tax. have been issued in temporary aries, and an African staff of But African leadership is being form. In Nigeria, special serv- 1,811. The work ranges all the developed, and men are showing ices have been held in the Girls' way from the most primitive, wisdom, tact and business abil- School at Wushishi which were among villagers to whom canni- ity, together with real faith and signally blessed. Paiko Chris- balism is still a live memory, to dependence on God as they take tians are keen to get the Gospel well-organized churches and over increasing responsibility. into the surrounding villages, schools under trained African Canon King, of the C. M. S., while new ground is being leadership. Becoming a church writes from Berega: broken at Lalibella, the "Mecca" member in the West Africa Mis- Early in the year the bishop apof the Coptic Church in Ethiopia. sion is not simply a matter of pealed for workers to go to the far belief and readiness to learn. west of Tanganyika to a place called There are t wei v e churches, No one is admitted for two years Dha, where new work is being started. nearly all cut out of red rock in after declaring a wish to join Although we have no difficulty in get- ting people to offer for work in the the mountain sides. Every ef- the Church. During that period his past life is scrutinized, and district, it is quite a different matter fort is being made to replace the anything wrong is set in order. to get them to go to a strange place fear of missionary "invaders" His behavior during the period hundreds of miles away. However, by a feeling of confidence and the appeal was made, and sixteen men, love. -The Life of Faith. teachers and others, offered. Of these, is subject to observation by the the Church council chose four, who were thought to be most suitable for "The Twelve" session. Where wives constitute the work. At a special farewell meet- wealth, polygamous marriages ing each recruit told how he had been An anonymous donor sent a led to offer for this service. It was fund to supply twelve new teach- are usually the most serious an inspiration to listen to their testiers for one year for the Basa problems. The wives must be mony, and afterwards more offers of 4istrict, northern Nigeria. It respectably cared for, and their Service were received. Four men are was felt that it would not be wise dowries repaid. The wonder is preparing for ordination. to open twelve new stations, which might have to be closed at not that an occasional would-be -The Christian. the end of the year, but that it Christian fails of acceptance, but would be better to ask for twelve that so many succeed, with all WESTERN ASIA the drags that pull them back. Turkish Women's Rights young unmarried men to volunteer as itinerant evangelists, go- In Portuguese Congo Letters from Istanbul record ing by twos throughout an al- In 1899 a mission was founded further reforms. One of the lotted area. Several young men at Kibokolo among a virile peo- most recent is the law which who were preparing to marry, pIe whose opposition made them grants to Turkish women the . ht t .. came forward and said they a stubborn soil in which to sow rIg 0 partICIpate in elections were willing to postpone their the Gospel seed. After twenty and to be eligible for parliament. marriage for a year. years the results were so meager Next session, therefore, about 30 women are to be deputies in the "The twelve," as they are that some suggested the aban- t t' I called, have been working since donment of the enterprise. But gKMrueurasutlatfnaaay,lOKanesamiatalssiseAmntbaoltwyii,rkocarllhtehades. May. Every month they meet the pioneer missionaries held on and recount the story of their and were abundantly rewarded. undertaken to put women on a labors; and so far their efforts At present, there are 1,734 f t· f I have been crowned with success. church members; a Christian 00 mg 0 equa ity with men. -C. M. S. Outlook. community of 5,000; 39 organ- Jerusalem Medical Center The Work at Elat ize? congregations; 38 evan- The Jewish E x ami n e r an- West Africa Presbyterian Mis- gehst-teachers supported by the nounces that ground has Jbeereu~ sion is a League of Nations in 2C4h,9u0rc0h;dI. s2p,e1n2s2arys.chatotla~nrsd,ancaensd. broken on Mount Scopus, itself. It was a German colony until the World War, then under salem, for the first medical cen- Much of the area.Is stIll u!lpos- _ ter and graduate school of medi- sessed. -Ltfe of Fatth. cine in Palestine. A nation-wide '

French mandate. Just over the Leadership in Tanganyika campaign is in progress in this border is Spanish Guinea, where country to raise $400,000 for the Spanish is added to the many Financial stringency is acute construction of the institution, African tribal tongues. At one in Tanganyika. The Church can which will be called the Hadastime conditions were so discour- only partially support itself at sah University Hospital, under ,aging that closing the work was present, and the serious decrease exiled German Jewish scientists.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information A Christian Manifesto. By Edwin The Omi Brotherhood in Nippon. By pia, it is not a transcendental William Merrell Vories, LL.D. $1.00 colony, or a monastic retreat, Lewis. 245 pages. $2.00. The postpaid. The Omi-Hachiman Press, but a practical demonstration of Omi-H.achiman, Japan. Christianized economics working Abingdon Press. New York. 1934. in the world of today. All the This brief history of the "Omi property, gradually acquired, be- This discussion can be read Mission," founded in 1905, is a longs to all in common." In a straightforward narrative of the group of over 200, there is no with interest and profit even by remarkable experience of one of "minimum wage," and no divi- those consecrated American stu- dends are paid. "Duties are asthose who do not agree with all dents who responded to Japa- signed according to capacity and nese Government's c a II for aptitude. Of all the features of of its positions and implications. teachers. In the out of the way the Brotherhood which command province of Omi, where no mis- admiration from visitors, none It constitutes a serious summons sionary had ever resided, Wil- is oftener remarked than the liam Vories sowed the good seed personnel-the high quality of to the Church to proclaim with- of the Gospel with such effect, ability and character and the that by the middle of his third happy faces. Offers of higher out fear or compromise the es- year there was· a Church in pay never lure any of them away." sential features of its historic Hachiman, housed in a building seating over 100 persons, and (2) All are equal, whatever faith. There seems to be, how- for this work not a dollar of their work. There is one com- "foreign" money had been used. mon treasury for the entire ever, a needless yielding to the The history of that Church af- group, into which go all net earn- fords an effective negation of the ings, and from which come ap- "modern mind" as to the nature philosophy outlined in the Lay- propriations for the necessities men's Inquiry Report. For the of every department and of of Scripture and in the treat- propaganda work of this mission every individual. Every depart- is "carried on by means of ment has a budget, and each inment of c e r t a i n important preaching, as well as by demon- dividual a salary which is sup- stration…. It is truly a lay- posed to cover normal needs-all truths, yet it is the earnest con- men's movement, in the main." to be expended, not hoarded for Starting with the seed of the future expansion, or for "a rainy tention of the authQr that there Gospel, uncompromisingly pro- day." Each salary is determined claimed, the plant has developed by the actual needs of the indiis nothing in modern investiga- in many-sided manifestations, vidual case. The humblest work- architectural, industrial, com- er may get more than a mantion or discovery to make unten- mercial, medical, educational, ager. publicational, but upon all these able "the essential Christian several departments, is the hall- (3) All "see first the King- mark of a burning Christian dom of God." The articles of in- Creed." This creed is regarded evangelism. corporation state, that "at least 51 per cent of the net incomes as a precious heritage from the Perhaps the most unique fea- shall be devoted to Christian ture of this remarkable Brother- work," thus leaving freedom to past. Its corner stone is declared hood is its complete, consistent use the entire income that way, application of the principles of since no profits are divided to be the resurrection of that Christian stewardship, through among officers and stockholders. its entire program. Indeed, it Consequently everyone is work- Christ whom the Gospels pre- would be difficult to find a finer ing to support Christian activi- instance of "taking God into the ties, with the joy of doing useful sent as the incarnate God. The management," than is here to be work, not for the motive of per- found: sonal profit or personal prestige. supernatural cannot be avoided (1) Work for all, and all at or denied without destroying the work. "Although a sort of Uto- Christian faith, for "Christian- [207 ] ity mea n s supernaturalism."

While there may be some uncer- tainty as to definitions or the meaning of terms, the essence of the "Manifesto" is contained ap- parently in the closing chapter.

Here it is maintained that if the Church is to perform its su- premely important task, it must affirm positively what are re- garded as the great essentials of the Christian E van gel.

Among those mentioned are, the reality of a personal God. the authority of the divine Word, the fact of sin as "not merely a defect of human conduct but as a disease of human nature," the absolute necessity of a new birth, the atonement on the cross and "the Gospel as God's pro- vision for the salvation of the whole world." E.

Thus, the whole enterprise be- erate haste of the great redemp- varying degrees of success. The comes a demonstration of Chris- tive purpose of God among a present volume is a notable one tianity, rather than a mere in- . great people. of this kind. The "student" whose "philosophy of religion" come-producer. The elimination Many readers will be sur- is described is not a youth but of the profit motive annuls the prised to discover traces of the the professor of philosophy in economists' theory, that only the Scriptures in China before Mor- Dartmouth College. He has writhope of personal gain can induce rison and Marshman, in the rec- ten out of long experience in human beings to exert them- ords of the Nestorians, the trav- dealing with students, helping selves in productive labor. The eling friars of the Middle Ages, them solve their intellectual and Omi Brotherhood has never and the Roman Catholic mission- moral problems and trying to found it difficult to enlist men .aries of the 17th and 18th cen- convince them of the reasonableof the highest abilities in its turies. In the main stream of ness and value of religious faith. various departments-rather be- the history of translations, the He says that "the purpose of cause of, than in spite of the ab- work of Morrison and Marsh- this book is to furnish college sence of the profit motive. The man, the Delegates Version, the undergraduates and general secret lies in the far greater great Union Versions and others, readers with the necessary data satisfaction there is in promot- are treated with the swiftness – facts and arguments – on ing Christ's plans than in seek- the small compass of the book which they will be able to work ing personal advantage–the at- requires and yet including out their own philosophy of relititude of being God's steward, enough depiction of events and gion." In these studies he rerather than assuming to be an characters to illuminate the views the whole range of reliowner. Thus, every individual as scene. One wishes for more gious thought from its lowest well as every business becomes about the translations among the forms among the aborigines of an instrument of God. Australia, the ethnic and non- dialects and the tribes-though Christian faiths, and the various To brush this lightly aside as Tibetan, Manchu, and Mongolian types of Christianity. He exvisiopary and impracticable, is are given a more liberal space. presses some opinions that many to fly in the face of demonstrat- Four chapters of the nineteen conservatives will deem too libed fact, the fact of this great deal with the work of the col- eral and some liberals will think going and growing concern, car- porteurs and distribution and too conservative. A bibliography ried on for thirty years, in the some of the influences of the at the end of each chapter refers face of stubborn opposition, Bible on character. It is here to standard works on the subamid surroundings the most ad- that much is left untold-the ject. Copious notes add necesverse. The record of such an en- history of publication, the trav- sary explanations, and subheads terprise carried forward to a els of pioneer distributors, the and a full index make the rich triumphant achievement by "a methods used, and above all the store of material available for brother of Jesus Christ," cannot part played by Chinese them- reference. fail to thrill the hearts of all true selves in every phase of the hismembers of this world-wide tory. One feels that brevity, ARTHUR J. BROWN. brotherhood who read this book. however necessary, should not DAVID MCCONAUGHY. have forced out this essential Men and Women of Far Horizons. Edited by Jesse R. Wilson. 8vo. The Bible in China. By Marshall element in the story to so large 214 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. 1935. Broomhall. 190 pp. $1.00. Illus- a degree. Mr. Broomhall has by trated. China Inland Mission: Lon- It was a happy thought that don, Philadelphia, Toronto. these historical sketches of the led the general secretary of the Bible in China done well by Student Volunteer Movement to The pen of Marshall Broom- those readers who must have it assemble in this book some of hall has served the missionary short and soon; others who may the best articles on foreign misenterprise skillfully for many wish to go deeper and further sions that have appeared during years, especially in m a kin g will be hoping that this book the last ten years in the Bulletin known the work and the heroes will stimulate fuller treatment. of the Movement, later called of the China Inland Mission. In Far Horizons. They do not argue "The Bible in China" he deals ERIC M. NORTH. or reply to criticisms; they simply tell what missionaries are with a great theme in a manner A Student's Philosophy of Religion. doing, cite incidents and experito arouse popular interest and to By William Kelley Wright. 8vo. ences based on personal, first- hand knowledge of missionaries reveal how much more there is 566 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New and prominent national Chrisyet to be said upon it. Behind York. 1935; tians in their respective fields. These articles make an excellent his vivid pen picture of the One of the major duties of book to give to that much-talkedstruggles and achievements of Christians in each generation is of person-the man who "doesn't believe in foreign missions." pioneers, of translators, of col- the wise interpretation of reliporteurs, and missionaries in gion to thoughtful young people. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

making the Book of books speak It is a peculiarly difficult task in the tongue of scores of tribes this day when so many tradi- and millions of people, one senses tional beliefs are being chal- the movement of a force more lenged and restated. Many writthan epoch-making-the delib- ers have attempted it wit h

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TWENTY-FIVE YEARS

THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor A PROPOSED INDEX IT IS proposed to prepare an exhaustive index to the twenty-five volumes of THE MOSLEM WORLD if there is a demand on the part of our subscribers for it. Hith- erto each annual volume has had an index, but there has been call for an inclusive index to the important articles, book reviews, and current topics in all the earlier volumes. A general inde>c would greatly facilitate the study of all contributions made regarding Islam in various countries, the approach to the Moslem mind, or the beliefs and practices of Islam.

Will those of our subscribers who would be willing to purchase such an index at the dose of the year kindly send a post card request? If there is a sufficient demand we will be able to print the index and mail it with the October issue of 1935. It is pro- posed to charge the nomine'll sum of four shillings or one dollar, for the complete index to the twenty-five volumes. EDITOR.

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1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1934

1934

Ram Chandra at Allahabad Ethel Cody Higginbottom What I Found in Puerto Rico Charles S. Detweiler Making New Women in China Ida Paterson The Madura Mission Centenary.

Emmons E. White The Crisis and Opportunity in Spain Harry Strachan The Mountain Preacher and His Problem L. C. Kelly

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and embark at London in a great May 15-17-Community Church Work- ••• ship of this Line that tradition- ers of the U. S. A. Kansas City, Mo. ally and for nearly a century has The Rev. F. W. March has completed carried the vanguard of the May 20-26-Church Conference of So- sixty years as an honored missionary Church eastward to all the lands cial Work, Kansas City, Mo. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. beyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of in Syria. He reached Beirut on Notransatlantic size and comfort, May 23-29-Northern Baptist Con- vember 18, 1873. Dr. Daniel Bliss also stand for the Progress ofthe West vention, Rochester, N. Y. spent 60 years in Syria and Mrs. in scores of tropic ports and teem- Cornelius Van Dyck 76 years. ing harbours of the Indian Ocean May 24-29-General Assembly, Presand the Pacific. Natives measure byterian Church in U. S. A. Cleve- ••• land, O. time by their swift and sure The Ven. Lan Tiang Hu, Archdea- June 7-12-General Synod, Reformed con of Hankow, "the Bishop's rightarrival. Low rates and new, fast, Church in America. Grand Rapids, hand man," and the Rev. Suei Ch'iang luxurious ships make the voyage Mich. Huang of Hankow, have been celean exceptional value. brating together the fortieth anniver- June 20-27-General Assembly, Unit- ed Presbyterian Church. Oxford, O. . . . sary of their ordination.

June 20-27-Summer School of Mis- The Rev. Samuel A. Motlett, D.D., sions, Winona Lake, Indiana. is retiring from active service in June 21-27-General Council of the North Korea at the age of seventy, Congregational and C h r i s t ian after forty-four years as a mission- Churches. Oberlin, O. ary under the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. He is a true Chris- June 26-27-Union of Reformed tian pioneer who has had a large part Church in the U. S. and the Evan- in building up a spiritual church in gelical Synod of N. A. Cleveland, Ohio. Korea. ••• August 4-10-Baptist World Congress. Dr. Hubert 'c. Herring, Secretary Berlin. of the Department of Social Relations of the Congregational Education So- PENINSULAR August 21-24-Tenth National Con- ciety, has been elected Associate Edi- AND ORIENTAtAND vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, tor of the Cemgregatimudist and Evangelical Synod of N. A, Mil- BRIrISH'1 NDIASTEAM waukee, Wis. • • Herald of Gospel Uberty. NAVIGATION COM PAN IES August 21-26-General Conference, • Regular sailings from London, Seventh Day Baptist Churches. GiJ>raltar and Marseilles to India. Salem, W. Va. Miss Wu Yu Chen, a graduate of Ceylon. Burma, Straits Settle- Bridgman. Academy and Yenching meJ,lts, China, lapan, Australia, Personal Items University, has won a Fellowship in lVew Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, the N~w York School of Social Work- Persian Gulf, East and South Dr. E. J, Pace, the Christian car- ers and is coming to America for Africa, etc. toonist, evangelist and Bible teacher, further study. She is a Christian is starting on a two year tour of the pioneer who has been conducting a Complete informationfrom mission fields. He expects to conduct rural center in China, living the sim- Yout LOcal Agent or Bible conferences in Ireland, Scotland ple life and trying to help native in- and England from April to August dustries, improve home recreation and ~IJNARD~LINE defeat illiteracy.

(Concluded em pa.ge t09.) TELL OTHERS "PROPHECY!!

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD shortest Pacific crossing . . • by THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can sister-ships, Empress of Asia and DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor be sold in quantities to every Mis- Empress of Russia. Or via Hono- lulu in 3 days more on the Pacific VOL. LVII MAY, 1934 No.5 sionary Society. It furnishes infor- speed queen, Empress ofJapan, or mation in brief, interesting form for on Empress ofCanada. Publication and Business Office leaders and discussion groups. Why Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. not act as our Agent in your church Luxurious First Class, excellent or community? You can advance the Tourist Class, 10w-costThirdClass. Editorial and Executive Office cause of Foreign Missions, and at the FREQUENT SAILINGS _.. from Van- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City same time earn a liberal commission. couver (trains to ship-side) and Entered as second-class matter at Victoria. Orient fares include pas- Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Address-Circulation Manager, sage from Seattle. Orient ports-of- of March 3, 1879. call: Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. The Missionary Review of the World, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Reduced round-trip fares Published monthly, except August. Third and Reily Streets, Booklets, information •.. from your All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. local agent, or any Canadian Pacific Harrisburg, Pa. agent: NewYork,Boston,Chicago, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- St. Louis, San Francisco, Montreal, LISHING CO., INC. Personal Items Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, and many other cities in United BOARD OF DIRECTORS (Concluded from 2d cover.) States and Canada. ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President The Rev. Arthur V. Casselman, Go "Empress" .•. choice of two routes W AvrER McDoUGALL, Treasurer D.D., has been elected Secretary of DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary the Board of Foreign Missions of the SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Reformed Church in the United States MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD to succeed the late Dr. Allen R. Bar- WM. B. LIPPHARD tholomew. ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFER '" * * A. L. W ARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Dr. H. Paul Douglass, formerly one of the secretaries of the Congrega- Editorial Chat tional Home Mission Boards, and re- cently one of the members of the staff The Annual Foreign Missions Con- of the Institute of Social and Religious ference, which met at Garden City Research, has been elected Chairman in January, appointed the following of the Field Department of the Fedmembers to cooperate with the Editor eral Council of Churches. of THE REVIEW on the Editorial Council, in the presentation of foreign mis- *** sion topics: Dr. William Bancroft Hill (Reformed), Dr. John H. Lang- Dr. Nicol Macnicol of Edinburgh dale (Methodist), Rev. Wm. B. Lipp- has accepted the invitation of the hard (Baptist), Dr. Mills J. Taylor Kennedy School of Missions at Hart- (United Presbyterian) and Miss Flor- ford Seminary to hold a lectureship ence G. Tyler (Secretary, F. M. C.). on India for the year 1934-35. For over 30 years a missionary of the *** United Free Church of Scotland, sta- tioned in Poona, Dr. Macnicol under- That many readers of THE REVIEW stands the life and thought of India. continue to find in the magazine inspiration and useful information is ** * evident from the many letters received in THE REVIEW office. Here Rev. Thomas Cocker Brown, of are a few samples. They are en- Shanghai, for the last four years the couraging. Secretary of the China Council, has been appninted Foreign Secretary of "The February REVIEW is a fine is- the London Missionary Society for sue. I have enjoyed going through it China and Africa. Mr. Brown is the very much indeed. It seems to me son, grandson and great grandson of you are improving the REVIEW right L. M. S. missionaries to Africa. straight along." Rev. Brayton* C.*Ca*se, Baptist mis- FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL, Secre- tary, Missionary Education sionary in Pyinmana, Burma, was Movement, New York. decorated with the Ka.isa.r-i–Hind sil- ver medal, awarded by the Governor- '" * '" General of India for "distinguished public service in India." Mr. Case is "In view of heavy cuts and heavier superintendent of the Pyinmana Agresponsibilities, I felt I could not re- ricultural School, and has been innew my subscription to THE REVIEW, strumental in fostering rural reconbut the February and March numbers struction work throughout Burma. are 80 fine I just can't let it go-notably Dr. Watson's and Dr. Glover's * * '" articles. Dr. James H. Franklin, for twenty- "If only there might by a wider two years Foreign Secretary of the reading of your valuable magazine!" American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, is resigning June 1st to ac- (Signed) IDA M. VAN DEUSEN. cept the presidency of the Crozer The- Scotia, N. Y. ological Seminary, Chester, Pa. Dr. Franklin has made a number of trips * * '" to the Orient and has been especially influential in developing internation- Don't miss the June REVIEW which al, interracial and interdenominationwill be devoted to "Orientals in Amer- al fellowship in connection with his ica"-a remarkable series of articles. missionary secretaryship.

[209 ]

GEM CITY OF THE

Pineville, Ky., nestling in the mountains, four miles from Clear Creek Mountain Springs. Pine Mountain Is cut here by the Cumberland River. Down the river runs the Old Wilderness Train. Daniel Boone and Dr. Thomas Walker came this way via Cumberland Gap, the first white men who crossed there into Kentucky. Over this trail Craig and His Traveling Church came from Virginia to Blue Grass Kentucky.

ONE CLASS OF THE CLEAR CREEK MOUNTAIN PREACHERS' SCHOOL Lower row has three visitors and two members of the faculty. These men show their native ability, and are God's great challenge to the people of larger opportunities. (See page 232.)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FIVE MAY, 1934 Topies of the Times CUTS THAT CURE the powerful forces arrayed against Israel, the people of God? It is clear that we cannot depend There are cuts that cut deep and bring disable- on human resources to win in the conflict against ment or death. There are other cuts, made by a godlessness. Three hundred wholly in the hands of skilled surgeon, that may cut deep but bring new God are more effective than thirty-two thousand health and more abundant life and fruitage. This whose thoughts are selfish or whose purposes are is true of the vine and branches. It is true of the divided. Are any enlisted in the Christian army human body and the body politic. It is true of the at home or abroad who are weak in loyalty or in- Church and the missionary enterprise. All such capacitated for active service? If so let them recuts are painful and unpleasant. Some times they turn home. Are we depending on organization, on are necessary and may be beneficial if they do not numbers, physical equipment, financial strength or hinder vital functions. human strategy? We need to learn that our hope Individuals and families, churches and Mission of victory lies, not in these resources, but in the Boards have been facing the vexing problem as to light released, the trumpet testimony and the how they may cut expenses, activities, personnel, Sword of the Spirit, which is the Word of God. without interfering with life and service. It is a painful process and one that awakens deep sym- There are cuts that cure. but there are also cuts pathy. Can the operation be performed so as to that damage and destroy. Is it not time for Chris- effect a cure? Possibly some useless or seemingly tians at home to ask the Great Physician and Sur- harmful excrescences may be eliminated in our geon to use His pruning knife, His lancet, to re- budgets and activities but-there are other vital move that which makes our lives weak and ineffec- functions that are also endangered. The practiced tive and then to guide in any necessary cuts in eye and hand of a wise and courageous surgeon is missionary budgets-in personnel, equipment, sal- required to avoid irreparable damage. aries-so that no harm may come to the body of Many Mission Boards have already cut their Christ or to the work which He has committed budgets one-fifth to one-half. This means the re- His Church. Is there not danger that some of the call of workers, the reduction of needed support, cuts are due to those who rob the God's treasury the closing of stations, the withdrawal of help by withholding tithes and offerings? Noone who from young and growing churches. This is not notes the American expenditures for comforts and the first time such operations have been faced. luxuries, for motives and movies, for tobacco and Sixty years ago Dr. F. F. Ellinwood, Secretary of candy, for cosmetics and jewelry, can claim that the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, the reduced gifts to missions and other work of wrote to the Syria Mission that Board income had Christ have been due wholly to our economic dis- so diminished that it was doubtful if new mission- tress. There are the places where cuts may be aries could be sent out and the needs of the field be made to cure our spiritual weakness and diseases.

met. Such a policy would discourage volunteers, Such courageous operations would save the slashes weaken the interest of the Church and handicap that may dim the eye that looks on the field, workers at the front. But the crisis passed and deafen the ear that should hear the call, may cut the work went on and grew. off the hands that serve or the feet that carry the Is there a lesson for present day surgery to be Good Tidings, even if such cuts do not reach the found in the story of Gideon and the Midianites, heart and the centers of life. It is worth while to [211 ]

cut off excrescences and diseased members when depression and no deficits in missionary and becuts are necessary, rather than to cut into living nevolence treasuries. Today America is spending tissues that are vital to health and service. nearly as much for one battleship as the Prot- estant churches in America give to foreign mis- WHY A LACK OF MONEY? sions in a year.

There is no dearth of money. It is as plentiful It is a startling fact that more men are under as it has ever been-or more so. The only differ- arms today and vaster sums are being spent on ence is that it is not as plentiful for certain pur- the war machines of the nations than before the poses as it has been and some people have not as World War. Is it not true, as the philosopher much as they once had. The trouble is that in the Hagel says, "We learn from history that we learn last few years the circulation has not been so con- nothing from history"? Experience may be the stant for fear has driven money into hiding or best teacher but nations seem to learn little from selfishness has diverted it into wrong channels. experience. Armaments have proved utterly in- effective in maintaining peace and yet we talk There is no need of figures to prove these state- peace and increase armaments. Even the United ments–consider the money spent today on mo- States has abandoned its program for the reduction picture shows and on various athletic con- tion of armaments and the other nations-Japan, tests. The Watchman-Examiner says: "Money Italy, France, Germany, Great Britain-are takseems plentiful for what people most desire. At a ing this as an excuse for doing the same. prize fight $500,000 can be taken in as gate receipts. If it is a vulgar sex novel, the circulation Contrast this with the cost of maintaining will run up to hundreds of thousands. If it is Christian missionaries as messengers of peace, at beer, the multitudes long for it and will find money home and abroad. If we would put the money to pay for it. If it is Sunday excursions, the trains spent on harmful drinks and baneful amusements are crowded. If it is Sunday baseball, there is a into uplifting Christian evangelism and education, record attendance. When it comes to missions or the financial part of economic and social problems paying five cents a week for a religious newspaper would largely be solved. If money spent on de- structive and selfish militarism could be put into -why, that is entirely another matter. We are constructive and unselfish programs for health, and righteousness, promoting friendship and intelforced to the conclusion that all church people are ligent Christian living, then there would be no poor and that all non-church people are rich!" dearth of candidates for missionary work and no lack of financial support for the cause of Christ. That is the natural conclusion when we look Why spend for a destructive battleship, that will only at the surface facts. In reality we know that be obsolete in a few years, as much as would endow money is not, and never has been, evenly distrib- a college to carryon constructive work for a hunuted. The Rich Man and Lazarus, the Rich Young dred years or more. Permanent advancement is Ruler, the Poor Widow and Her Mite, Peter and made not by physical might and great armies but the Lame Man at the Temple Gate, and other by the Spirit of God moving in the lives of men. Gospel stories reveal the truth beneath the surface. The movement of that Spirit is shown in the re- lease of funds for the spiritual work of Christ. But money is more generally available today for laying up treasures on earth, that men can CHRISTIAN CRUSADERS AT WORK* touch but that fade away, than it is for laying up treasures in Heaven that men cannot see and that William Green, President of the American Feddo not fade away. eration of Labor, has expressed the conviction of many when he said: "A spiritual recovery is more Let the government offer ten-year bonds to pay essential now for America than an industrial re- covery." 4 % interest and see the money pour in. Fig- Secretary of Commerce Daniel C. Roper states ure up the amount spent on alcoholic drinks and the same thing from another viewpoint when he for the accompanying advertisements and equip- said: "I have come to the conclusion that there ment. But it is most impressive to consider the will be no permanent economic recovery until there amount being wasted today on militarism! The has been a religious renewal in the United States cost of the World War was figured at $224,000,000 which will provide a foundation upon which to a day. The United States is even now spending build the new industrial order." The lack of in- $2,000,000 a day on its army and navy. It is safe tegrity and character on the part of many public to say that if all nations would spend on construc- servants is the cause of failure in government and tive work and on wages to labor even one half the amount now spent on armaments, munitions and • From Harry E. Woolever. editor of "The International Religious the maintenance of armies and navies, if men Press." would learn to love and to help, rather than to fear and destroy, then there would be no necessary unemployment, no excessive taxes, no world-wide

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

in business. The Chief Surgeon who attends untarily by those who have signed the Covenant President Roosevelt at the Georgia Warm Springs and becomes a responsible Crusader on quest to Foundation stated the conviction of millions of make the world Christian. scientific and professional men when he said, "Unless we build character in America at once, Amer- There are no salaried officers in this organizaica is lost." tion, no expenses except for office, postage, print- ing, and the care of correspondence. Everything These convictions, expressed by such men, has received goes to further the work of evangelizaled to the formation of a new "League of Prayer." tion. Those interested send gifts to make possible The forty men who formed the original League the furtherance of the task Christ has set for us. on January first began by praying for each other He only is exalted and to Him tens of thousands and the general good, studying the same Scrip- each month are turning in a renewed dedication tural reference each day, and putting their Chris- of life and attention to prayer and Bible reading. tian convictions to work. They signed a covenant The Crusade is joining older Christians with new promising at least once a week to try to draw disciples to carry the principles of Christ into someone else nearer to God. every activity of life.* This personal work was most enthusing and helpful, both objectively and sUbjectively. The PRINCIPLES FOR A SUCCESSFUL MISSION ambassador for Christ and the one to whom the Fifty years ago Protestant missionaries entered invitation was given felt the new glow of life. Korea and this year the Chosen Mission of the When those in the original group won others to Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., celebrates its fiftieth anniversary (June 30 to July 2). The Christ they had to accept the new recruits as mem- work has been remarkably successful in the numbers of the circle and so many were taken into the ber of Koreans won to Christ, in the extent and character of the educational work, in the develop- League and signed the covenant. Soon there was ment of self-supporting churches, in the leaders a veritable Christian Crusade as well as a League trained and enlisted for service, and in the way of Prayer. The number estimated to have signed Christian truth has permeated Korean life. The the covenant is now approaching a hundred thou- first missionary was a physician and others soon sand who have sent in their signatures to the followed, even though government edicts against headquarters. Christianity were still posted in the main street of Seoul. Today there are two large self-support- The first city where the crusade began in a gen- ing ana self-governing churches (Methodist and eral way was Elmira, New York, where the min- Presbyterian), with 3,579 church buildings, 122,- isters had covenant cards printed and presented 857 full members and 255,287 enrolled in Sunday the Crusade in their churches. The pastor of First schools. Some of the secrets of this eminently Methodist Episcopal Church, Cortland, New York, successful mission work are found in the basic sent in a list of 235. Ten business and profes- principles that, from the first, have dominated the sional men of Tampa, Florida, signed and sent for work in Korea. The principles of the Presbya thousand more cards to use among their asso- terian mission are set forth as follows in a little ciates. Thousands of women, from national lead- pamphlet which announces the coming anniverers to kitchen maids, have also signed. Other sary. These principles and some results include churches followed with large enrollments in the following: Wilkes-Barre, Pa., and Charleston, West Virginia, and elsewhere. Bermuda's Mid-Ocean Club was 1. Acceptance of the entire Bible as the inspired Word heard from through a member and other requests of God and as the basis for Christian fa#h and service. for cards came from Daytona Beach, Florida; Los Angeles, California; and Fargo, South Da- The whole Bible was early translated into the language kota. Granges, lodges, and patriotic societies took of the common people of Korea and sold broadcast. From up the work. A letter from a member of the the beginning systematic instruction in the Bible has been House of Representatives of Kentucky bears the one of the outstanding features of the work. As a rule names of fourteen men who have taken the cov- the entire church attends Sunday school and every memenant. ber is regularly enrolled. Last year 110,954 were enrolled in Bible study conferences of from five to twelve days This Christian Crusade is spreading. A group each, held in almost every circuit and in many of the of men in Cincinnati requested the privilege of individual churches. sending the story of it to every daily paper in the world published in English. A copy of this story 2. Personal witnessing stressed as the privilege and has been sent to the Christian wife of Chiang Kai- duty of every Christian. Shek, with a request to translate it into Chinese and send it to the papers of that nation. It has Active evangelism is expected of every member of the been sent to Germany and England, New Zealand, Mission. Widespread itineration has been maintained and South Africa. All of this has been done vol- • A Christian Crusade Guide has been prepared by university pro- fessors, editors, students, and business Crusaders, with daily Scrip- ture readings in several different countries and languages. The na- tional headquarters are at 716 National Press Building, Washington, D. C.

from the beginning, together with tract distribution and INDIAN EARTHQUAKE SUFFERERS the sale of Gospels. The growing Christian forces have The Red Cross and the Mission Boards are ap· been organized and led in a great variety of evangelistic efforts. The great majority of the 103,530 communicant pealing for relief and reconstruction work for the members of the Korean Presbyterian Church today have Bihar earthquake sufferers in North India. Later been won to Christ, not so much by the missionaries as by the personal witness of church members, whose lives, as reports give the number of deaths as over seven .well as their words, have borne convincing testimony to thousand. The earthquake extended over a terri- the saving power of the redemptive work of the Son of tory as large as Scotland and the disturbance was God. so great that extensive fissures were ·opened in the 3. The necessity of regeneration through the Holy earth and communications by road, railway and telegraph were completely cut off. Tirhut, Muzaf- Spirit, manifesting itself in transformed lives. farpur, Harzipur, Patna, Gaya, Sahabad and Believing that redemption through Christ involves the implanting of a new nature, a complete break with heathenism has always been insisted upon with no com- Saran suffered most. Besides the loss of over promise. This includes strict Sabbath observance and the fellowship of believers for true worship. 7,000 lives, many government buildings, schools, railroads, embankments and private houses were Prayer has occupied a very prominent place in the life damaged or destroyed. of the Korean Church; both individual and family prayers and the meeting together at daybreak for united prayer Bihar is one of the most neglected mission fields at the Bible conferences and evangelistic campaigns. in India so that the loss to Christian enterprises 4. The training of the children of the Church to furnish was comparatively small. The National Christian Christian leaders and to prepare for Christian life and Council Review (Nagpur, India) says: service.

The primary purpose of mission schools is not to evan- In the crowded districts of Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, gelize non-Christians but to train up Christian leaders Monghyr and Purnea, where the population runs into from among the children of the Church. The academies twelve millions, missionaries number barely a score, and for boys and for girls and the higher institutions in which the Christian community is almost negligible. Champaran the Mission is cooperating, are conducted with the same and Saran are in similar case, and Bhagalpur and Patna purpose. Many of these Chrstian graduates are today are little better. Herein lies a call for a redistribution of occupying positions of leadership in the Church. the Christian forces ….. .

5. Medical work as an evangelizing agency. Churches and institutions into which life blood has been In the Presbyterian mission, the service of healing has poured are now in ruins, and the work of reconstruction always been an integral part of each station, and the mis- is a staggering task. The situation presents three special sion hospitals have been centres not only of healing but problems-immediate relief, temporary housing, and per- have in addition made a tremendous contribution to the manent reconstruction. To restore and reconstruct dam- work of the Church. Professional standards have always aged church and mission property will need on a rough been kept high and public health work and preventive estimate some £15,000, and it is doubtful if any substan- medicine have had their place. But both doctors and tial help will be forthcoming from public funds. In all nurses have recognized that the prime object of their serv- likelihood the appeal will ultimately be to Christian gen- ice is to bring men to a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ. erosity. Out of this evil there has emerged in a wonder- 6. Self-support, self-propagation and self-government. ful way a new spirit of communal good-will. Bihar has Believing that the Christians should shoulder the re- always been a friendly province and in this dark hour of sponsibility of carrying on the Church work, the policy of her need she has given an example in cooperation between the Mission has been to use mission funds for aggressive Government and people, creed and creed, class and class, evangelism. Care has been taken to develop the work on that gives good hope for the future. Christians, with a plane upon which the newly established church is able Hindus and Moslems, have contributed generously in money to maintain itself. The erection of church buildings has and personal service and all have shared alike in the meas- been left in the hands of the Korean congregations who ures of relief.

have built as they were able. The salaries of the ordained The Missions directly affected in the earthquake pastors are met by the congregations to which they minister. The services in the smaller country groups are area are: American Churches of God Mission, As- taken care of by voluntary lay leaders. Where the indi- semblies of God Mission, Australian Methodist vidual churches are too small to provide alone the salary Mission, Australian Nepalese Mission, Baptist of a pastor or evangelist, they are grouped together into Missionary Society, Brethren in Christ Mission, circuits, which unitedly support a man to give them pas- Church Missionary Society, Church of England toral care. Locally elected deacons and officers, an in- Zenana Missionary Society, Church of Scotland creasing number of whom who are receiving training in the Bible institutes, are responsible for the leading serv- Mission, British Churches of Christ Mission, ices and carrying on the preaching in many places. Christian Missions in Many Lands, Methodist This missionary experience in Chosen is better Episcopal Church, Methodist Missionary Society, than armchair theory. The progress has been re- Presbyterian Church of England, Regions B~yond markable and the Korean Christians have shown Missionary Union-, Santal Mission of the Northern courage, intelligence, loyalty and capacity for Churches, Society for the Propagation of the Gos- leadership. Other missions might well adopt these pel, Swedish Baptist Mission, Y. M. C. A., and principles in their work and adapt them to their Zenana Bible and Medical Mission.

particular fields. They are the tested principles Pray that this physical calamity may unite laid down in the New Testament, directed and men's hearts in closer bonds of sympathy and made fruitful by the Spirit of God. may bring spiritual blessings.

Madura Mission

By the REV. EMMONS E. WHITE, M.A. Aruppu Kottai, Madras Missionary of the American Board, 1917~ AVISITOR to Madura, South India, on Jan- hausted the resources of any unaided human uary 11 to 14, would have noted some agency, even the Government. It is easy tocriti- unusual excitement. A big parade, a pic- cise the mistakes of these pioneers: it would be turesquehistorical pageant and a crowd of five harder to emulate their indomitable faith. In the thousand people, listening to inspirational ad- early years of the Mission, cholera and other ill- dresses in an outdoor "pandal," would have helped nesses took many of their little band. There were to convince him that a real celebration was taking spiritual giants in those days! No account of the place. The Madura Mission of times is complete without the the American (Congregational) mention of the names of Todd, Board had just completed one Poor, Eckhard, Capron, Chand- hundred years of interesting ler, Tracy, Taylor, Howland, history. Noyes, Rendall, Chester, and In 1834 the Prudential Com- many other pioneer men and mittee of the Board resolved to women missionaries. They laid open a mission in the Tamil broad and enduring founda- country of India. The time was tions, and the great work at ripe. The great Roman Cath- Madura today is their monu- olic missions of the sixteenth ~ ment. The hardships they suf- and seventeenth centuries at -41 fered are illustrated in the Madura had fallen into decline touching story of Mrs. Todd's through dissensions a m 0 n g death. After fourteen months their French and Portuguese at Madura she became danger- priests, and the British Govern- ously ill and, in the hope that ment had just granted permis- sea breezes might save her, she sion for American missionaries was hurried, weak and in great to enter the country. The pain, by palanquin many miles Board's Mission at Jaffna, Cey- across the burning plains. But lon, therefore, sent Mr. and she grew rapidly weaker and Mrs. William Todd, Mr. Hois- her dying words, whispered to ington, Mr. Spaulding and her husband, were: three CeyIonese heIpers t 0 open A "TOWER-GATE" OF THE MEENAKSHI Friends in America perhaps will TEMPLE AT MADURA the work. They arrived in say 1 die a sacrifice to the cause of Madura on July 31 and selected that city as the missions, but …… 1 have simply done my duty to my center of the new mission. It was the largest city Lord, and no thanks are due me. Jesus is my hope; all of the district, a reputed capital in antiquity and is peace.

the seat of ancient Tamil learning. It was also Under a banyan tree near the sea, far from the one of the seven "holy" cities of Brahmanic Hindu- world's notice, lies her simple grave. All honor ism, with a great temple in the center covering 20 to the martyrs!

acres and dedicated to the goddess "Meenakshi" The pioneers saw beyond the traditional picture (Fish-eyed-Lady). Its lofty tower-gates were vis- of the missionary in a long black coat preaching ible for many miles over the surrounding plains. under a palm tree to half-naked savages; they envisaged the spirit and power of Christ as reach- In a land of an ancient, rich cultural heritage, side by side with an unparalleled combination of ing the whole community. If Todd and Hoisingappalling disease, illiteracy, poverty and of social ton today could alight from the train in Madura, injustices and other evils sanctioned by the dom- how amazed they would be over the fulfilment of inant religion, in the year-around heat of a blaz- many of their dreams! All around the city they ing tropical sun, the first missionaries faced a would gaze upon such Christian institutions as the stupendous task. To succeed would have ex- large church buildings, the men's and women's [ 215 ]

hospitals, the high school, normal school and in· education upon the Christians of outcaste origin dustrial school for girls, the American College in the Madura Mission is strikingly illustrated in with its beautiful grounds and that largest of the following comment recently volunteered by a training centers for young men, three miles south, conservative Brahman in Madura City: "We at Pasumalai. How they would rejoice over the Brahmans know that the Christian outcaste man fine body of 2,500 students in these institutions of is socially higher than his Hindu relative." Madura city alone! The Crowning Achievement In seeking effective ways of reaching the peo· pIe, the missionaries began with primary day- The Mission has rightly regarded the Indian schools. Soon half of the school-going population Church as the crowning achievement of its labors. of Madura were in these schools. At first the only At first, when the missionaries and their helpers available teachers were non-Christians, but the preached in bazaar and near temple, they met missionaries gave able supervision. In 1852, how- much strong opposition and even threats of vioever, a deputation from the American Board lence. But as the people came to understand better recommended that the Mission should reduce the preachers' real motives, this opposition gave radically this type of work and should concentrate way to respectful attention. Nevertheless evanupon evangelism and the creation of self-support- gelism was very difficult in Madura City, with its ing Indian churches. The Mission never regained concentration of conservative high-caste Hindus. the lost supremacy in primary education but in It was in the hundreds of outside villages, where 1872 was permitted to enter upon an era of ex- ninety per cent of India live as middle-class pansion in medical and higher educational work farmers and underprivileged outcastes, that the which has lasted to the present. missionaries found the best soil for building the national church. There have been no spectacular There were several predisposing causes for this "mass movements" in the Madura field, as in other expansion. First, a rapidly growing national parts of India. It has been mainly a story of church required more and better trained Indian steady growth, with here a few individual converts leaders. Second, there was a great popular de- and there almost an entire caste-group in a village. mand for the training which mission schools could Today the Christian community of the Madura give. Because the Christian community was Mission numbers 34,000, a small number comneither numerically nor economically strong pared with other neighboring Christian bodies. enough to supply all the students needed, a large Its real significance lies rather in the quality of proportion of the student bodies in mission the work accomplished. schools has always been Hindus and Moslems. Finally, by fulfilling certain technical require- Great Social Improvement ments, the Mission was able to secure for its schools a recognized status and an annual subsidy Although predominantly outcaste in origin, here from the Madras Government. This aid now and there groups and even whole churches have averages 20 per cent of the annual income, includ- been built up of middle-class Indians. In the ing salaries of missionary teachers. Christian rural boarding schools one may often note with interest that the pupils are from a dozen The Christian influence of these institutions has different castes. This does not imply that caste been far-reaching. Their graduates go into all as such is formally recognized in the Church. parts of South India and Ceylon as church work- These pupils eat the same food and live together ers, teachers in mission or public schools, lawyers, as one big family. public officials, medical workers, mechanics and in business. Most of them carry with them a The visitor to village churches of outcaste origin working knowledge of the Bible and of essential can always pick out the Christians from their Christian teachings into a land rife with supersti- Hindu relatives, wherever funds have permitted tion and social feuds. All over South India one the placing of resident Christian teachers or finds graduates who speak with great reverence Bible-women to give them continuous spiritual and affection of such missionaries as Washburn nurture. In neatness of personal appearance and of Pasumalai, Zumbro of the College, and Dr. Van orderly intelligent attention to a public address Allen of the Men's Hospital. The results of such they are outstanding. In literacy the Christian influences can never be conveyed by statistics, community far surpasses the non-Christian neighbut they constitute permanent elements in the bors; since 46 per cent of the Christians can read Kingdom of God in the Madura field. It should and write, as compared with ten per cent for be remembered that Mr. Gandhi's effective efforts India as a whole. Female literacy is proportiontoward the social betterment of the "Untouch- ately much higher. ables" have been largely inspired and reinforced by the work of missions. The effect of Christian Second, there is evidence of a strong spiritual life, as illustrated in giving for church support.

THE MADURA MISSION CENTENARY

GROUP OF ORDAINED MINISTERS OF THE SOUTH INDIA UNITED CHURCH NEAR MADURA, INDIA The one seated and wearing a cross on a black coat has had two years' training In college. The rest have had high school training, and all are theologically trained.

Coolie church-members, earning only 16 cents a weekly contribution! It is quite usual to see a day, cannot be expected to finance expensive member of a "coolie" family offering a basket of undertakings. People who live in the West with grain, representing handfuls salvaged from the its comparative abundance have little conception daily food needed for their bare sustenance. Durof poverty as it exists in the Orient. In the early ing April or May each church conducts its own years of the Mission the Christians' offerings were campaign to win its neighbors to Christ. There pitifully small. At present the number of indi- are many real opportunities to open work in new o vidual village groups which can entirely support villages, as well as a crying need to reinforce the a resident ordained Indian minister is small but older work, but the expense and the universal "deincreases yearly. Since the majority of such pression" handicap advance. At the recent Cengroups are thus unable, the six hundred fifty vil- tenary, these poverty-ridden churches, in gratilages where the Christians reside are federated tude to the American Board for a hundred years into thirty-three "pastorates," or parishes, each of generous aid, gathered a memorial fund of of which has its ordained minister. All contribu- about Rs. 36,000 ($12,000) for the purpose of tions for support go into a central fund from aiding local village congregations to provide themwhich the salaries of all these ministers are paid, selves with suitable houses of worship where inthe stronger churches thus helping the weaker. adequate ones, or none at all, exist. In 1917 the Mission transferred all of its village work to the Madura Church Council which is Another significant result of the Mission's composed of the church representatives and a few labors is the growth of Indianization. This is ordained missionaries. Subject to the Council's partly seen in the Indian urge toward church general oversight, each pastorate manages its union. In 1908 the Christians of the Presbylocal work. terian, Congregational, Dutch Reformed and Basel Missions in South India and Ceylon united to form The Spirit of Sacrifice the South India United Church, which riow has an aggregate community of about a quarter of a mil- And how the people give! A Western visitor lion members. But the urge did not stop there. to a village church "harvest festival" would see Since 1919 negotiations have been proceeding to sights that would bring to his eyes tears of both promote union between that Church and the joy and shame. A Bible-woman, often herself a churches of the Anglican and Wesleyan commuwidow with a family to support, out of a monthly nions in South India. The consummation seems salary of $4 will give 40 cents, in addition to her to be not far off and it is hoped to preserve in the

new United Church a union of the best in the governing body. The Sangam was inaugurated as episcopal, presbyterian and congregational forms part of the Centenary celebration. of government. The result will be a "constitutional episcopacy" and the number of Indian The nationals' warm appreciation for the aid Christians affected will approximate 800,000. given by American churches during the past cen- tury was remarkably proven by the fact that when Indianization of institutions in the Madura Mis- the Church Council elected its representatives to sion proceeds apace! In 1834, when the Mission the Sangam, although Indians might well have numbered only two men, with true American effi- coveted for themselves every seat, they proceeded ciency Hoisington elected Todd president and to elect all the "district" missionaries along with treasurer of the Mission, and Todd elected Hois- Indians to these seats! Moreover, they earnestly request the Western churches not to withdraw GIRLS CARRYING WATER IN THE R'URAL BOARDING radically their help during this transitional period, SCHOOL AT ARUPPU KOTTAI, SOUTH INDIA but to "stand by" in prayers, money and mission- aries. This desire for continued cooperation in ington secretary and auditor. The Mission has the new era may well be voiced in the recent words been organizing ever since! As the institutions of a veteran Indian minister of the Church Coungrew, managing councils with Indian representa- cil, himself of outstanding ability and vision: tives were devised, all subject to final control by the Mission. Now in 1934 the Mission, as a It is my humble opinion that a missionary in the field purely foreign body, has handed over responsi- will find ample work for him all his life, and that he will bility for all its diversified work to a newly con- ever pray that another lease of life be given him for fulstituted body called the "Sangam," of which the filling his Christian hope and desire for the redemption of membership must always be predominantly In- the land. dian. The College, however, now has a separate Comparative Statistics of Madura Mission* Area of field (square miles) ….. . 1884 1933 Population ………………… . 8,200 Villages …………………… . 381 Villages with S. 1. U. C. Christians 2,500,000 Churches and pray-houses ……. . 25 3,000 Missionaries ……………….. . 438 657 National workers …………… . 279 Hospitals and dispensaries ……. . 2 53 Annual treatments ………….. . 60,247 853 Schools ……………………. . 6 Pupils ……………………. . 171 Christian community ………… . 4,709 142,236 Literate Christians ………….. . 11,559 256 Church members ……………. . Indian Church contributions (in ru- 2,908 15,115 34,545 pees) …………………… . 16,294 16,058 12,231 40,694 • Figures are based on the Mission statistical tables for the par- tioular years, excepting for area, population and number of villages, which are only approximate.

.JOHN SCUDDER, M.D. .JOHN E. CHANDLER SAMUEL FAIRBANK ALLEN HAZEN Some of the Madura Mission Fathers

Chander ,at

By ETHEL CODY HIGGINBOTTOM, Allahabad, India Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

N ow that the time to depart had come, Ram high school education will be of no use to me if I Chander Charan was reluctant to leave stay here now." home. As he wandered aimlessly about the "Come on, Ram Chander," called his elder courtyard every inch had memories. Some of the brother, as he came from one of the low doorways.

low mud buildings were especially dear to him The younger man hastened to the corner of the because he had helped to build them. As a little courtyard, where stood the little shrine. He boy he had played hide and see'k here with his humbly bowed before it as he raised both hands, brothers and cousins, climbing all over the gently palms together, to his forehead. "Oh, Ganesh, sloping thatched and tiled roofs. Stimulated by bless me!" was his silent prayer to the god.

going to high school in the near-by town where He went to his mother and put both arms about houses were better than in his village, he had made her, as she threw hers around his neck. For a some improvements. "With its white-washed few moments they swayed together while the walls," thought Ram Chander, "and. the brick mother wept aloud.

tower rooms, it is the finest house in any village The elder' brother put a hand on each, as he around. The family like it now, although they did said again, "Ram Chander, come." The boy object to the disturbance." gently released himself, glanced around at his He wandered over to the cows and.patted each sisters-in-law and the little children with them; one lovingly. One pair of oxen were yoked, wait- made one sweeping salaam and then his eyes ing to go out to plow. His father stood near, ap- lingered for a second on his wife. Her covered pearing tired and bent as he watched his son with head was bowed and her whole body shook with affection. sobs.

Eager to get the parting over with, Ram The father and son embraced, first against one Chander looked at his mother to see if she were shoulder and then against the other, while the old ready. She disliked being over' the fire and man sobbed, "My son, oh, my son!"

seldom cooked now. What were daughters-in-law "Ai Father, ai Father," uttered Ram Chander.

for, if not to relieve their husbands' mother of Then he fled from the house, and from his desire drudgery? But today she had insisted that no to stay.

one but herself should prepare the samosas (fried The advice of his headmaster in the Govern- vegetable pie) for her beloved youngest son. "Be- ment High School in the near-by town had made loved Mother!" him decide to go to the Agricultural Institute; How girlish was his child-wife as she eagerly that and the example of a friend whose education prepared the pastry, stooping over the rolling pin had been counted as loss when he had remained and board. She carefully kept her sari down and in the village after finishing high school. So her back turned, so as not to show her face to her rapidly had this man deteriorated that, after five mother-in-law. How sad it had been when his years, he could scarcely speak English.

wife confided to him that morning before he got The eldest brother, his two sons, the son of the up, her pleasure that she was to help prepare his second brother, and other village boys were wait- lunch, rather than the other sisters-in-law. He ing in the oxcart, and shouted, "Quickly, Big recalled how she had nestled close to him and Brother, we will be late to school and you will said, with a sob, "What will I do without you? miss your train."

There will be nothing for me. But I shall hold Soon the eldest student was answering the ques- back my tears until you are gone." tions of his young admirers, and the oxen were With head bent low, she was now holding a being goaded into a trot. At the turn of the road cloth into which his mother was putting the leaf they looked back and saw the father leading his basket which held the samosas. oxen out to plow.

"I wish I hadn't planned to leave them," thought "Kismet," thought the student. "Men must Ram Chander, "and yet it will be wonderful to work and women must weep," forgetting that the take the course in the Agricultural College. My women also work. He would have been very [219 J

homesick that evening had not the seniors at the were breeding in it and reflected on the possible Agricultural College looked out for him. They consequences.

helped him to register and find his room, and He told his mother about the dispensary and showed him the farm. the doctor's care of the students' health. She Ram Chander was frightened when he came yawned and said, "But, Son, don't let him try his into my Bible class the next afternoon, for he magic on you. He isn't a Brahmin. If you get had never before been near a white woman, nor sick call a Vaid (medicine man) to cure you of had he ever been in a European home. To think the evil eye." that any woman would suppose that she could teach men! In vain Ram Chander tried to explain about a microscope and its value in diagnosing sickness. As I held the screen door open and encouraged He saw the children of the village with sore eyes, the class to enter, Ram Chander took off his shoes and wished that they could go to a dispensary for on the verandah. His long, drooping eyelashes treatment. He rebelled against the thought that lifted slowly, disclosing big brown eyes. His the village women spent their time in gathering penciled eyebrows, clear-cut features, arid smooth grass, or growing and chopping fodder for cattle brow were offset by his slender, frail figure. For which could give no milk for their underfed only a second his eyes met mine, as he followed babies. He was unhappy to see women carry big the other students into the room. He picked a baskets of fodder or cattle manure into the town path around the rugs, looked awestruck at the to sell for a pittance. Often that pittance was couch and its clean cushions, turned, stepped spent for radishes, cauliflower, or potatoes, which across a rug, and sat down on a hard chair. could have been grown in the village, had they known how to protect the produce from the por- Day by day we discussed many subjects in the cupines, rats, monkeys, and birds. He knew now Bible class-health, cleanliness, sanitation, tuber- that he could make a living at that when he had culosis, leprosy, sin, habit, truth, the value of time, finished his course. the home, the place of women and their education. At first Ram Chander looked at me with a worried When Ram Chander returned to the Institute pucker between his eyes, as though he feared lest and I expressed my hope that he had enjoyed a some evil spirit might come from me and devour good holiday, he frankly said, "No, Madam, I him. When I smiled in his direction he looked think it is better here at college." away with an alarmed expression. Meanwhile, he was learning many things in the laboratories, A few days later when we discussed Jesus' in the gardens, and on the athletic field. words, "A prophet is not without honor save in his own country," Ram Chander said, "Yes, that is the truth."

Back to His Village In time he joined the social service group that went out into the villages to help. Once he told When October came and with it vacation Ram us of what they were attaining-in two villages Chander, who had eagerly counted the days, left night schools had been set up; in a college classfor home. room another group of boys were taught each eve- There was the same village home, although the ning. On Saturday and Sunday afternoons groups whitewashed walls were now stained. It seemed of students went into villages with hoes; they so bare-no flowers, no vines, or shrubs. The opened drains, piled village refuse into baskets, high corner room and tower seemed small and paid boys to carry it to fields, where they buried meager. A discarded plow and some earthen jars it for manure and thus departed from the cus- occupied the lower room. The cattle seemed little toms of high caste men; they picked up a sick boy and useless compared with the big cows and oxen on his bed and carried him to the doctor; on sev- on the mission farm. He tried to tell his father eral occasions they paid for milk for sick patients, about them and about the agricultural methods whose family daily came to the dairy for it; they used-about the deep plowing, the manuring, the begged the farm manager to give work to men silos and the farm machinery. His father's atti- whose families were in especial need; they spent tude was, "That is interesting! But these things hours investigating the case of a boy, and found are only used to show off; no real farmer could that he belonged to a group of professional beg- use them. What is the use of our trying; we gars.

would only waste our time and money." As we discussed these subjects, one student an- For the first time the young man noticed the nounced: "But their greatest need for help is in- drain in the corner of the courtyard, into which side the homes and none of us men can enter flowed the dirty water from the cattle, bath and them."

dishpan. ·He remembered that it had always stood "Much could be done if the mothers would let there, but now he saw that flies and mosquitoes the girls go to school," said another student, add-

RAM CHANDER AT ALLAHABAD

ing, "but most of the older women laugh at the An enthusiastic shout, "Oh, that is good," came suggestion." from the whole class.

A member of the small, progressive Parsee com- At first we did not open our Bible class with munity, whose women were educated, said, "My prayer, as the students would not have under- sister is inspectress of girls' schools in Allahabad stood. But after Christmas one day as we gath- district." ered, Ram Chander with a shy smile asked, "Why "Aree!" exclaimed most of the class cheeringly, do we not pray in Bible class?" I told him that as they leaned forward not to miss hearing about we would if the class desired it.

this. Half the class responded, "Yes, please."

"But it is of no use," the Parsee continued. I asked for what they wished to pray.

"Teachers are found, schools are opened, a few One student said, "Pray for the freedom of girls attend, but when my sister. goes to inspect India"-meaning political freedom.

they are never in session. The teacher is enjoy- Another said, "May we pray for Mahatma ing herself, and the children are running about the Gandhi, J awarhirial Nehru, and our other village." leaders ?"

I told them that when I came to Allahabad Another said, "Let us pray for Hindu-Moslem twenty-six years ago, there had been less than peace and unity."

one hundred girls in two Mission schools. Now Ram Chander said, "Let us pray that India may there are over four thousand girls in several be freed from its ignorance, bad health, poverty, schools. The class cheered. and unsanitary practices in its villages~'and Another student ventured: "However, at pres- homes."

ent the case for village girls is hopeless. The Each day after that, if I started to open my houses are unsanitary; the women wear dirty Bible before prayer, some student-often it was clothes, but deck themselves with expensive Ram Chander-would ask, "What about prayer?"

jewelry; there is sickness, unbalanced feeding, The Telegram quarreling, and indecent talk. Since the girls are kept from school, how can even the next genera- One day someone coughed out on the front vertion be improved ?" andah, and I went to find Ram.Chander holding a telegram. He spoke excitedly, "Oh, madam, my "Madam," exclaimed Ram Chander, "we are wife is about to give birth to a child, and I must powerless to change things in our own homes, go home. The telegram just says, 'Come home.' how can we change others? Our mothers never If I show it to the Principal he will ask the reason want anything new. We men who are going back and Madam, how can I explain to him? Please to the villages to work should have wives who speak to him for me." understand and can help us, as American wives help their husbands." A fortnight later Ram Chander returned to school. After Bible class as the students left the Another student asked, "But how can we get verandah, where we often met, he told me about wives who are educated in such a way as to know his family. how to help change village women?" "Oh, Madam, my little son died of lockjaw," he At this the students all laughed. The one Chris- sadly announced. "My wife is still very ill, and tian student in the class then came into the con- heartbroken, but my mother makes her get up and versation. "I can get an educated girl," he said, do housework. She says that will make her for- "one who has graduated from a mission high get." school, but even she will know nothing of village life and how to help the women." "Oh, Ram Chander, I am sorry. Do you know that lockjaw is caused by a dirty midwife?" I outlined my hopes and dreams for a course for women at our Agricultural College – simple dairying, vegetable and flower gardening, home- "No, Madam, but what can we do? The mid- making, first aid, hygiene and village industries. wife must always be a low caste woman."

Eagerly the students listened, and then asked, "Where is the nearest hospital, or woman doc- "But when, when?" tor?"

"When God gives us the dormitory and the "Forty miles away, and my mother would not women teachers. Will.you pray for this?" even let me suggest that my wife be taken there."

"Yes, we will pray," came from many voices. Ram Chander's voice was sad, and his eyes were "But it is too late to help us," ventured Ram moist.

Chander. At the student parties different groups took We might get some cottages, so that old students turns in the serving. On one occasion high caste may return with their wives, and both take short men carried food to low caste and to Moslems, becourses." fore they had sat down to enjoy their own tea.

As I passed near Ram Chander I asked, "But are ragged line of roofs, the minarets of mosques, the you eating cake which contains eggs?" steeples of temples, and the mangoe trees across the river stood out against the rosy background. He laughingly said, "Yes, Madam, why not? I Its colors were reflected upon the water. I came wish my mother could see me here this afternoon. upon Ram Chander standing in my garden. She could not even appreciate your home. Beginning with spoons, cups and saucers, it would He turned to me with a sad smile, "It is only all be so strange to her that she would be over- now when I am nearly ready to leave that I realwhelmed. But my wife would understand and ize how much all of this means to me." His hand would like to learn." Then shyly and more softly swept wide and seemed to take in the J amna he said, "But there is one thing of which I would River, and the sunset beyond. like to speak to you. I taught my wife to read last summer. She is clever. She learned quickly," "What," I questioned, "the farm, the river?" smiling with pride. "But I want to send her some- "No, Madam, no," he almost wailed, "there is a thing to read. Will you help me? My mother river near my home; there are farms there. No, doesn't give her much time to read, and she needs it is your home, the view of this garden from the more teaching; but she tries hard when she can." verandah, where we have sat for Bible; and now it is all gone forever from me." The school year ended in April. I looked to see "But Ram Chander, could you not have a garden how the class had answered the examination in at home?" Bible. "Yes, Madam, I will try. I have bought seeds from your gardener. But my mother will not What Christ Means to India help." "But need she help? You know how to prepare To the question: "What difference has the birth soil and manure it." of Christ meant to India," Ram Chander had "Yes, but she will not let me have the manure. written: That must be made into fuel cakes and be used for smoothing the walls and floors, according to Jesus Christ has done much for India. He was born Hindu purification laws. Then suppose I buy in the East, but the West appreciated him first. Modern manure from neighbors, prepare my soil, put in inventions such as steamships, engines and even aeroplanes my seeds, will she let the sacred cows be kept out? have come into being where He was best known. Also the I try to make my wife appreciate the beauty of a treatment of leprosy and other dangerous diseases have garden, but my mother laughs and says, "How been found out by His disciples. Missions have brought can she understood about what you are talking to schools, colleges, and hospitals to India and taught us to her? She is only a girl. Don't waste your time appreciate them. At first He had only a few followers, on her." but now nearly half the world follows Him. Through His "Yes, Ram Chander, I understand, but we must teaching we have learned to pray for the happiness and work on and pray. Jesus Christ said, 'I came to comfort of others. He has also taught me not to run put the daughter-in-law against the mother-inaway from the struggles and necessities of this world but law,' and I am working and hoping for that day to face life bravely and to make myself even happy in the when the young women trained in our Agriculfight. Christ also helps us to see that there should be no tural College, will live in model homes in the vilproblem of untouchability, but that we should all be lage." brother to brother. To those who have less than we have, "Yes, that is right," exclaimed Ram Chander, we should take help and not be proud and boastful above "I believe they will lead this generation to rebel them. All of these influences are silently working in India against the old order." because Christ was born. I thank God that He sent His Son.

The April hot winds had blasted the gardens. The few remaining flowers were dusty and faded. The sun was sinking into the palm trees and the Danger in Retrenchment "Christian missionaries have been the ·greatest modernizing, civilizing, and morally con- structive force that has gone from the West into Asia and Africa. Unfortunately a retreat, due to retrenchment, is now being carried on all along the line. Various projects are being given up, and the situation has become critical. The younger churches are not yet in a po- sition to assume responsibility. _ "Unless the churches in the homeland become thoroughly alive to the need of maintain- ing this world-wide enterprise of Christian missions, no matter how great the sacrifice, and unless they put forth their best efforts to accomplish this end, we are in grave danger of surrendering values that can never be replaced. The whole philosophy of Christian missions is to go forward; it does not function well in retreat." DR. WILBUR S. DEMING, Ahmednagar. ,

Religion Means to Me*

By MADAM CHIANG KAI-SHEK, Nanking, China Mayling Soong Chiang, a Graduate of Wellesley College and the Wife of the Commander-in-Chief of the Kuomintang Military Forces I USED to think Faith, Belief, Immortality were that there must be many who, like Kagawa, suffer more or less imaginary. I believed in the because of what their country is doing to China. world seen, not in the world unseen …. A reli- During these years of my married life, I have gion good enough for my fathers did not neces- gone through three phases as related to my reli- sarily appeal to me. I do riot yet believe in gion. First, there was a tremendous enthusiasm predigested religion in palatable, sugar-coated and patriotism – a passionate desire to do some- doses. thing for my country. Here was my opportunity.

My mother lived very close to God. I recognized With my husband, I would work ceaselessly to something great in her, and my childhood training make China strong. I had the best of intentions.

influenced me greatly even though I was more or But something was lacking. There was no stay- less rebellious at the time. ing power. I was depending on self.

My mother was not a sentimental parent. In Then came the second phase. These things many ways she was Spartan. But one of my that I have referred to happened, al?-d I was strongest childhood impressions is of mother go- plunged into dark despair. A terrible depression ing to a room she kept for the purpose on the settled on me-spiritual despair, bleakness, deso- third flood to pray. She spent hours in prayer, lation. . . . .. And then I realized that spiritually often beginning before dawn. When we asked I was failing my husband. My mother's influence her advice about anything, she would say, "I must on the General had been tremendous. His own ask God first." And we could not hurry her. Ask- mother was a devout Buddhist. It was my moth- ing God was not a matter of spending five minutes er's influence and personal example that led him to ask Him to bless her child and grant the rl- to become a Christian. . . . .. I suddenly realized quest. It meant waiting upon God until she felt that he was losing spiritually because there were His leading. And I must say that whenever so many things he did not understand …. " It mother prayed and trusted God for her decision, seemed to be up to me to help the General spir- the undertaking invariably turned out well ….. . itually, and in helping him I grew spiritually I know that many long hours were spent interced- myself.

ing for us. Thus I entered into the third period, where I Shortly before she left us mother was ill and wanted to do, not my will, but God's. Life is really confined to her bed. Japan had begun to show simple, and yet how confused we make it ….. .

her hand in Manchuria. One day I was talking But to know His will, and do it, calls for absolute with her 'about the imminent Japanese menace sincerity, absolute honesty with oneself, and it and I suddenly cried out in irresistible intensity means using one's mind to the best of one's of feeling: ability….. .

"Mother, you're so powerful in prayer. Why One must have moral conviction, wisdom, and don't you pray that God will annihilate J apan- the energy to accomplish. I used to pray that God by an earthquake or something?" would do this or that. Now I pray only that God She turned her face away for a time. Then will make His will known to me. God speaks to looking gravely at me she said: "When you pray, me in prayer ….. .

or expect me to pray, don't insult God's intelligence Whether we get guidance or not, it's there.

by asking Him to do something which would be It's like tuning in on the radio. There's music in unworthy even of you, a mortal !" the air, whether we tune in or not. By learning That made a deep impression on me. And to- to tune in, one can understand. How is it done?

day I can pray for the Japanese people, knowing As Brother Lawrence told us long ago, "By prac- * Madam Chiang Kai-shek is the sister of Madam Sun Yat Sen. ticing the presence of God." By daily communion One brother, T. V. Soong, was Finance Minister of the Republic of China, and another sister is the wife or H. H. Kung, a descendant qwGu0iatdIh''SnHtapinrmcee.seWnOcIne'thewcHhaIen'mnnootneex pec t to be conscious of of Confucius, and a prominent Christian Chinese diplomat, states- has only a bowing ac- man .an.d business man. This article (condensed) is reprinted by . .•… permISSIOn of The Forum and Century. Copyright, 1934.

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Without

I I -ef By JOHN C. GRANBERY, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Ja- " W E NEED money. If people would give asked me to tell them something about a central more liberally, what wonderful things we mission in a crowded part of the city. "What we could do in foreign missions!" want to know," they said" "is how we may be of All my life I have been hearing missionary ad- service. We may not be capable of much, but dresses and sermons; I have been reading mis- there are about thirty of us who are eager to sionary editorials, articles and books. To my render any kind of service." mind the money appeal has been exaggerated. One of the largest and most influential evan- While many leaders acknowledge that prayer is gelical churches in the city of Rio was founded the most important factor, they argue that if we wholly as the result of volunteer effort. In 1855, have prayer, money will come. Dr. Robert Reid Kelley, a Scottish physician who It is interesting to note how much truly Chris- had suffered persecution on the Island of Madeira, tian work is carried on effectively entirely apart came to Rio and started evangelical work at his from the support of any foreign missionary board. own expense. He and his wife mastered Portu- I know a business man who uses his home for a guese, and translated and composed a large part mission to the humblest classes and holds regular of the hymns still in use by Brazilian Evangelical services each Sunday, including Sunday school. Christians. At a Sunday evening service, which I attended, the One teacher of agriculture in Brazil not only room was full. Something is going on there prac- maintains the highest Christian ideal of American tically every night in the week. There is a recrea- manhood, but puts forth definite efforts to share tion room for the young people; a museum and a his convictions and experience with Brazilian library. One evening is given to prayer. This youth. At the college assembly he has helpfully man and his family furnish the place, the work- discussed, for example, questions of temperance ing personnel, and almost everything else needed, ®d morality. These men have never been paid without one cent of outside help. He says, like by any mission board, but this by no means less- Paul: "My business is tent-making, but that is ens their Christian influence. Their work 'has only to pay expenses." This work has been go- the advantage of being the natural and spontaing on for years, and while the people pay some- neous expression of personalities rich in Christian thing it is not much as they are poor and ignorant. experience, in learning and in social idealism.

Last evening I entered the oldest Protestant The man who has done as much for Brazil as church in South America, an Anglican church in any other North American I know receives sup- the very heart of Rio de Janeiro, where services port from a Christian agency, but for a greater are conducted for the English community. A part of his work he has never received a cent. group of young fellows organized into what they Cooperating with churches, fostering schools, en- call the Toc-H were about to hold a business meet- couraging every good cause, a friend of the Saling, preceded by a devotional service. There was vation Army, helping in work for lepers, looking no singing. The Archdeacon read from one of the after seamen, establishing social work for the Psalms, and commented impressively: "The masses, opening his home to passing strangers Psalmist was like us in that sometimes he felt and residents alike, equally appreciated by Amer- himself slipping, but his trust was in God. We icans, Brazilians, and British, this real American wonder why there is so much selfishness in the ambassador to Brazil, as some one has called him, world, so much that is wrong and ugly. The rea- is doing a Christ-like work and exercising an in- son is that it is so much easier to roll down hill fluence that cannot be measured in terms of than to climb up. The Cross gives us the as- money. surance that unselfishness, living for others, good- While a great part of missionary achievement ness, is worth while." Then he offered prayer for is made possible by gifts from the home churches, fifteen or twenty minutes. There was nothing it is well to recognize that much is being done hurried. We were in the center of the busy city independently of that source. The spread of and a number of business men were present. At Christian truth and life does not depend upon the close of the devotional service the young men money.

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New Women in China*

By IDA PATERSON, M.A., Cornell University Missionary to China, Southern Baptist Convention I N 1921 six girls dared hostile criticism and mas time a girl from Hongkong became a mem- braved tradition in order to secure a college ber of the group on the third floor. She had come education in a men's mission school. I see from British schools; adjustment and tradition them now, six pathetic little figures creeping in this new section of China meant little to her. about, striving vainly to efface themselves as com- She brought with her a mandolin, one English pletely as possible, yet bearing in those small song, "Margie," and bobbed hair. At first we were bodies hearts strong· and courageous. doubtful of accepting her-think of bobbed hair in eastern China in 1921 I-but the charm of her We were temporarily housed in very poor, in- own small self soon swept away all criticism. convenient quarters, on the third floor of the ad- ministration building. There was no heat to dispel First she demanded a fire; how she shivered in the shivering blasts that whistled around the our damp, cold wind! We had been considering corner of the building, no cheerful colors, no com- a fire and her request came at just the right time. fortable furniture. Two foreign women, Dolly A fire was installed in the huge square hall which as Dean, and I as comrade-in-arms, lived with the we converted into a pleasant living roolTI: There girls. she sat for hours, strumming on the mandolin, and singing softly. But she sat alone. None of the The memory of their quiet courage, their sin- girls would join her, finding themselves suffocated cere earnestness, their uncomplaining acceptance in their fur-lined clothes. I can see her trying to of discomforts, remains with me after all these coax them out of their cold bedroom saying, years. From them I gained a higher conception "Come and learn to use a fire." Finally she taught of Christianity. In America our Christianity is them to wear a summer garment under th~ winter too often limited to going to church, and perhaps, clothes and to throw off the heavy fur-lined ones if one is touched with incipient sainthood, to be- before approaching the fire. Next she taught longing to the missionary society. In daily life, them to sing "Margie" until they sang it over and however, we meet dozens of people, spend hours over every evening while waiting for the servant with them and leave them without the remotest to bring up the supper. In sheer self-defense I idea of whether they are Christians or not. Noth- offered to teach them something else and soon they ing in the conversation, or in the way of deeds, has learned other songs. Changes took place. Freled us to believe that they have in them a divine quently wild peals of laughter rang from the power and a hope that has transformed their lives. third floor; there would be the sound of running feet and squeals from the captured, while the For the first time in China I saw people whose girls of the lily-feet looked on in enjoyment. Christian experience was a part of their very being; . people who weighed their actions by the Warmth, happiness, and the high spirits of youth Christ standard; people whose quiet daily con- are the memories that remain. versation partook of the hope within them. I saw for the first time people in the common walks There are other memories too. Far be it from of life who considered their religion a vital part me, a teacher of boys, to concede that boys are of life, without which life could not go on. easier to discipline than girls. Yet facts are facts. There was Laura-we gave them foreign names- At first the quietness and dignity of these girls from far inland; fiery, impetuous, hot-tempered, irked me, fresh from the high spirits and jollity whose anger blazed up and scorched all before it. of American college life. They rarely laughed And yet I've never known anyone to fight more aloud, rarely indulged in gymnastic sig.ns of over- fiercely than she to overcome this her greatest flowing spirits. Vainly I strove to rally the youth enemy. She brought joy to our souls and conin them. There was the daily barrage of men's sternation to the hearts of the six hundred men eyes to encounter; the daily tightening of deter- by repeatedly walking off with the first and highmination, the daily lifting of the head and assump- est scholarship. When the place caught on fire tion of courage. I did not understand. Then came one night it was her cool-headed command of the help from an unexpected source. About Christ- • An address given at the Florida Chain of MisSionary Assemblies. situation that saved everything. She learned [225 ]

many things rapidly and well, and married one of phasis on this point. Whenever by our human the professors. doctrines, creeds or ritual, by our rivalry, domina- tion or bigotry we create division, we thereby As their disciplinarian I was almost hopeless- violate the Spirit of Christ. We tried to make and who wouldn't be? There had been a very these girls feel that nothing they did could put serious breach of the rules committed over and them beyond the pale of our love and pardon, even over again by Betty, a spoiled child, the darling as there is nothing we do that puts us beyond the of her aged parents. Something must be done, pale of the love and pardon of our heavenly and girding up my loins, I prepared to do it. The Father. transgressor was called for a stern interview. She came at once, dainty, sweet, with downcast During the years we watched these Chinese blushing face, and clad in gorgeous silk clothes. girls grow and develop. We saw Hope, our most The abundant black hair was smothed neatly back conservative girl, become a woman of strength and confined with a gold pin while a bit of mei- and broad vision;· we saw Mary, quiet and meek, hwa-China's most fragrant flower-shed its pre- develop into a clear-thinking leader; we saw shy cious sweetness over the room. There she stood- Lily marry well and grace her husband's home shy and beautiful, revealing centuries of China's with Christian dignity and charm; our little finest culture in every line of her aristocratic face. bobbed-haired girl was reserved for wide experi- My heart began to soften, so quickly I launched ence and went abroad; our spoiled pet became a into a severe reproof. Some form of punishment dean of women. Quietly these first six took upon must be meted out; such repeated disobedience re- themselves various offices of leadership in the colquered rigorous measures. Suddenly she looked lege; quietly and surely they gained an undisup and spoke directly: "0 honorable teacher, in puted position of respect among the men. There meting out the punishment, don't forget that after were nearly one hundred others when these girls all I'm -only a poor heathen Chinese." Alas, for graduated, but these held an enviable place in our discipline! esteem as successful pioneers. Each one went out to take her place as "one that serveth." Dolly and I ate, slept, lived and moved and had our being in one room. It seemed to me that One might safely say that the attitude of Chi- Amah put the coffee on at daybreak and boiled it nese college girls is never anti-Christian. To a until time to get us up. Finally through the door group of agitators, boys from her own college, one came the first, none-too-faint sounds of "Margie" girl replied to their request that she join an anti- -and the day began. It was a difficult task to Christian movement: "For twenty-five hundred convince these girls that it was necessary for all years we Chinese have had Confucius and his to eat breakfast at seven o'clock, even when they ethics, but during these twenty-five centuries Condidn't have a class until ten. Each one preferred fucius never inspired the building of a school for to eat when the spirit moved her; each one pre- girls, never inspired any movement for the benefit ferred to do most things according to her own of women. Jesus Christ came to China and gave caprice. And so one of the first lessons was co- us Chinese women a chance, and to Him I will operation, and consideration for each other. remain grateful and loyal." Her words largely express the spirit of China's women. How the Six Grew Hundreds of Chinese women have gon~ out from As the years passed and the number of girls colleges to be a blessing and an inspiration to grew to be three hundred, living in two beautiful other Chinese women. They come to us young, dormitories, the first lesson was always the same. shy, irresponsible; they leave with a new concep- We tried to build up an atmosphere of love and tion of a great, transforming love of Christ, a understanding. Missionary work calls for the love that takes burdens from the back, that takes giving of one's self in love and the fountain of bitterness out of the heart; a love that leads them. that love is Jesus Christ, so that we laid our em- straight to the father-heart of God.

How Build a Christlike World?

We must either stop talking about Christ's ideals of life,–Or we must talk about them in both word and deed in the clutch of hard facts ….. as He did, and as they did in whose train we want to follow. There is no other way to build a Christlike world, except to be Christlike.

We must meet this secular world-its prosperity, its smugness, its hard-boiled philosophy, its utilitarian aims-with a steeled conviction that we are going all the way through with Christ, and with a burning passion to be like Him in life and spirit-to be His men both to live and die. DR. RUFUS JONES.

I Found in Puerto

By CHARLES S. DETWEILER, New York Department of Evangelism, Missions in Latin America, American Baptist Home Mission Society Two years and two months had passed since tral square. Surely in a country where more than my preyious visit to Puerto Rico. The first half the people have applied for aid under the thing which I observed was an increase in C. W. A., thrift. and merit needs to be encouraged the sugar acreage, and this in spite of the fact rather than non-productive devices and the prin- that the American Government had been trying ciple of chance which is the essence of gambling.

to persuade farmers on the mainland to cut down Many people are being given employment by their production. An increase in land devoted to the C. W. A., and on every hand one saw the evi- sugar means a decrease in the dences of improvement in parks land available for beef cattle or and roads due to this new for other food products. As it enterprise of the Federal Gov- is, the larger part of the food ernment. Sugar companies consumed in Puerto Rico must complained that in some places there was difficulty ill securing be imported in order to allow great corporations to produce laborers for their harvest be- more sugar and with it pay cause employment under the more dividends to absentee C. W. A. was just as remunera- stockholders. tive and less strenuous than ,Since nothing has been done work in the cane fields. To to solve the chronic problem of meet this situation the C. W. A.

over-population and under- decid.ed to reduce the "Jay for nourishment, no one will think unskilled labor to sixey cents it strange that there is a vast per day, limited to four days a deal of social unrest. Not long week; strange to say, this step before my arrival there had was met by a threat to strike been a successful students' on the part of the laborers.

strike at the University, fol- Notice had to be given that lowed by a cane-cutters' strike there could be no strike against in the midst of the sugar har- C. W. A. since it was a meas- vest. Then came a consumers' ure of poor relief.

.strike against the high price of In view of the general eco- gasoline, accompanied by vio- CLASS OF 1933, EVANGELICAL SEMINARY nomic situation, the churches lence against the cars of those have made an enviable record who would not join the strike. Finally in many of maintaining a fair measure of self-support. One of the cities there was a consumers' strike agaim;t secret of it is found in their large congregations.

the electric light and power companies. The new "Many a mickle makes a muckle." In such towns Governor, General Winship, is highly regarded as Ponce, Cayey, Caguas, Rio Piedras, Santurce for his firm and impartial administration, but his and San Juan, the Sunday schools are limited only position is not one to be coveted in these days. by the size of their buildings. If we could help There is unfortunately an increase in permitted them to secure more class rooms, the attendance gambling. As far back as 1917 race-track gam- of four hundred and five hundred might· gradually bling was legalized; and Governor Gore, who be increased to double that number. 'Some rural lasted less than a year, persuaded the legislature churches and one town church, which lost their to legalize cock-fighting; and now each to~n has chapels in the last cyclone (September, 1932) are a building dedicated to this ignoble sport. Also I still without meeting-houses. On a Sunday after- discovered that in many of the towns gambling by noon I came upon one Baptist church which was roulette wheels and by other devices is openly con- meeting in a milking shed. The place had been ducted in specially constructed booths on the cen- cleaned and chairs and benches brought, and on [227 ]

BAPTIST SUNDAY SCHOOL, YAUCO, PUERTO RICO this particular day one hundred and eighty-two where there has been greater progress in public children and adults were in attendance. Because education, and where the level of public intelthere was only a roof and a cement floor, it could ligence is higher. I know not how we should have not be used in rainy weather. During the past raised the educational standards of the ministry year the Rio Piedras church completed its repay- to meet these new conditions, if twelve years ago ment of a loan for the building of a parsonage, and we had not founded the Evangelical Seminary as became self-supporting. a joint enterprise of six denominations. The num- ber of students is small because of the reduction In Ponce the consumers' strike against the rates in our budgets, and because we can make room charged for electric current had been in progress for scarcely any new pastors. Nevertheless there four weeks. There was no violence nor intimida- are few cooperating institutions whose work is tion. The town seemed to be united in this move- so satisfactory to all participating bodies. ment, and the Baptist pastor was among the speakers who addressed meetings in the public PROGRESS IN PUERTO RICO square to keep up the public morale in the return to the age of candles and oil lamps. A young There has been a remarkable development of lawyer, educated in the United States, took occa- evangelical Christianity in Puerto Rico in the sion in one of these meetings to attack religion as past thirty-five years. When the Americans arthe "opiate of the people." Our pastor asked per- rived there was only one Protestant church mission to speak, as soon as he had finished, and (Anglican), and that was for English-speaking then gave the public a brief resume of the part residents. Now there are over two hundred evanplayed by evangelical Christians in working for gelical churches and practically everyone is pasbetter social conditions and in attacking evils like tored by a Puerto Rican minister. Puerto Ricans slavery. He cited the Anabaptists, the Puritans, are in responsible executive positions in .connecthe Quakers, and concluded with the Social Creed tion with most of the church work and there is a of the Federal Council of Churches. He added vitality and a maturity in the evangelical churches that the lawyer who had just spoken was an that could hardly have been expected from the alignoramus in religion. This was but one indica- most medireval Catholic background of the people. tion that the evangelical churches in Puerto Rico The influence of American public education has are a growing power in the life of the island. greatly assisted the ·work of the Protestant mis- There is perhaps no field in Latin America

UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL STATISTICS FOR 1933

sionaries and they have had abundant support have so far declined to face the realities of a from secular agencies, social and economic. common Christian task and fellowship, and con- The evangelical churches in Puerto Rico still lack much in self-dependence, initiative, conscious- tinue to maintain their ecclesiastical isolation. ness of social responsibility, and awareness of social and religious movements throughout the It must be admitted that some of the other denomworld. They are just now wandering off into an emotional, "pentecostal" movement, partly for lack inations expect their representatives to keep up of adequate direction of their spiritual energies. Their encouragement to ecclesiastical maturity denominational fences, and incite the churches to has not been pushed as fast as their progress in economic and social assimilation to the world at carry a considerable amount of denominational large. Great advance has been made in church cooperation between most of the denominations; excess baggage, because of financial rewards for but Lutherans and High Church Episcopalians denominational loyalty.

The evangelical churches of Puerto Rico need a prophetic Christian leader, with spiritual power and with social vision, to interpret Christianity for the difficult social and economic conditions of the island. There has not yet arisen a Puerto Rican Kagawa. GEO. W. HINMAN.

UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL STATISTICS FOR 1933 A blank was sent to the officials of the communions work outside of the budget. The statistics are for the de- nominational fiscal years. named below and the statistics are from their replies. Gifts reported are from living donors. Interest and leg- Gifts for All Purposes in some cases contains gifts from acies are not included. Denominational benevolences in- the living donors which were given either for nonbudget clude budget benevolences and such other contributions as are made for denominational missionary and beneficial denominational benevolences or for non- and interdenomi- national benevolences.

PER OAPITA GIFTS TOTAL GIFTS Member·
——————
–~–_—–~———I ship-In Communion Denomina· Other Congre- Denomina· Othe,r Congre- United tional Be- Benevo- gational All Purposes tional Be- Benevo· gational All Purposes States and nevolences lences EA'Penses nevolences lences Expenses Canada 1 American Lutheran (19) ijnO.51 (19) $13.07 $2,452,089.00 $10,033,509.00 $12,485,598.00 954,677 Oonference. . . .. . . … (13) $2.57 .. (3)" '$:63" (3) 18.18 (2) 23.29 2,139,924.00 1,018,482.00 1,304,341.00 56,000 2 Baptist Convention of (16) 11.62 (16) 14.28 2,244,579.06 17,310-;857.00 21,284,530.00 1,489,886 Ontario and Quebec. (4) 5.10 (23) 6.73 27,341,488.46 4,066,140 ··(9)· .. ·:33·· (23) 5.51 (24) 6.70 569,086.17 22,390,477.23 1,001,716.00 ~ Baptist, North ……. (19) 2.04 (25) 3.88 575,000.00 149,914 4 Baptist, South ……. (25) 1.22 (10) 18.67 5 Ohurch of the Brethren (15) 2.55 (3) .63 (5) 15.98 (25) 6.59 652,391.00 16,623,466.00 19,415,781.00 1,040,119 6 Congregational-Chris· (15) .06 (24) 5.19 (12) 18.46 8,703,010.55 11,047,589.61 1,675,763 100,000.00 tian …………….. (18) 2.06 (5) .53 (10) 15.26 (8) 19.52 123,267.58 3,508,062.13 4,200,416.50 229,814 7 Disciples of Ohr-st … (24) 1.34 8 Evangelical Church … (16) 2.47 (6) 15.83 (14) 16.20 879,403.67 3,774,171.27 4,653,574.94 239,611 9 Evangelical Lutheran (13) .17 (12) 14.26 (22) 9.36 467,021. 71 46,000.86 3,757,542.04 4,270,564.61 263,411 Augustana Synod of N. A. ……………. (7) 3.69 (21) 7.55 (18) 13.50 156,194.00 651,972.00 808,166.00 86,291 10 E,vangellcal Synod of (13) 16.78 N. A. •…………… (23) 1. 77 .(iij …. :ili.. (18) 10.60 (20) 11.77 2,751,533.00 ………….. 10,077,192.00 12,828,725.00 950,144 11 Lutheran, Other (13) 14.12 (4) 21.84 9,665,433.00 759,400.00 3,908,262 Synods ………….. (22) 1.81 (11) 18.66 55,172,718.00 65,597,606.00 2,653,063 12 Lutheran Synodical (11) .19 (22) 7.33 (6) 20.22 Conference ………. (10) 2.89 (9) 19.47 7,147,442.00 518,500.00 19,458,550.00 27,124,492.00 17,639 13 Methodist Episcopal .. (16) 2.47 (5) 20.95 180,174 14 Methodist Episcopal S. (12) 2.69 (7) .40 (7) 15.56 (1) 23.58 103,661.04 7,135.44 274,497.25 385,293.73 1,917,148 15 Moravian, No-rth ….. (2) 5.88 (2) .71 (11) 14.71 469,310 16 Presbyterian in Canada (9) 3.24 (17) 14.12 584,414.00 127,382.00 2,649,551.00 3,361,347.00 1,854,918 17 Presbyterian, U. S. A.. (6) 4.12 158,981 18 Presbyterian, U. S. (S.) (3) 5.39 (4) 16.10 (21) 11.24 7,908,302.00 30,871,100.00 38,779,402.00 19 Protestant E-piscopal . (21) 1.94 345,704 20 Reformed in America. (8) 3.58 (14) 14.07 (7) 19.93 2,532,278.00 6,604,595.00 9,136,873.00 21 Reformed, United 400,431 States …………… (11) 2.78 (2) 19.00 (15) 14.86 3,604,880.24 35,257,742.04 . 38,862,622.28 22 United Brethren in (3) 23.15 622,540 Christ …………… (20) 2.02 (1) 19.19 568,779.00 128,695.00 3,050,451.00 3,748,015.00 23 United Ohurch of $16.11 1,021,164 Oanada …………. (5) 4.32 (10) .21 (17) 11.13 962,538.74 71,870.26 3,846,486.00 4,880,895.00 177,265 24 United Lutheran Church ………….. (14) 2.56 (14) .12 (20) 9.11 807,426.00 46,955.00 3,647,112.00 4,501,493.00 24,928,319 25 United Presbyterian.. (1) 7.17 (8) .34 (9) 15.28 2,684,698.00 209,703.00 9,514,506.00 12,408,907.00 .. (5)· .. ·:53.. (15) 12.30 2,621,018.00 ………….. 12,560,972.00 15,181,990.00 (8) 15.45 1,271,223.00 93,871.00 2,738,860.00 4,103,954.00 $3.10 $.39 $12.70 $60,778,032.86 1$3,866,926.14 ~284,070,331. 51 1$348,715,381.13 Compiled for the United Stewardship CounCil-HARRY S. MYERS, Secretary, 152 Madison Avenue, New York City, December, 1933.

The figures presented in the table above should other benevolences, $284,070,331 for congreganot be taken to be an exact statement of the year tional expenses and for all purposes $348,715,381. 1933, as the several churches have varying dates The number of members reported in the twentyto close their books. five churches is 2'4,928,319 but the total of all the For these twenty-five denominations in the Protestant churches would probably be approxi- mately 35,000,000. It is not difficult to see in United States and Canada, the total for the year which order of precedence the churches stand to in a period of depression was $60,778,032 given per capita gifts to benevolences and local expenses. for denominational benevolences, $3,866,926 ,for

Home Missions Help Youth*

-<!III By DANIEL K. POLING, Prine"on, N. J. 11. .· – T HE Rev. John Sharpe, known in the coal Into this room crowd seventy-five boys and girls fields of Southern Ohio as the Children's of all descriptions-some white, some dark, some Bishop, when he employed me the second sea- with faces of cheer, some with faces of gloom, son as a Daily Vacation Bible School teacher said, some clean, some dirty, some ready to be good, "I hope your time and efforts are going to be val- some prepared to be bad, but all happy to be pres- ent. After all are seated a few shy ones peep in at the doors. Their particular characteristics are tousled hair and running noses. Outside, mothers shout and quarrel; and fathers, since there is no work this day, sit around under the trees playing cards and talking.

Such conditions were in the mind of Mr. Sharpe when he said to me, "I hope your time and efforts are going to be valuable to us but if we could not help you I would not ask your assistance." He AN INTERESTING CLASS OF BOYS AT THE D. v. B. S.

uable to us but if we could not help you I would not ask your assistance."

Let me describe the work of which he spoke.

The Vacation Bible Schools are composed of pupils ranging from children of two and three years of age to young men and women of nineteen and twenty. They attend school five days a week for three or four weeks. · In the morning, for two hours and a half, they are taught the Bible, hymn singing, craft work and sewing. The afternoons are spent in hiking, picnicking, ball games and other forms of recreation. In this way the long summer days ate filled with the best kind of work and play.

Picture a two-room dwelling which, during and directly after the World War, housed a miner and his family but now serves as a church. This par- ticular building is located up the hollow beyond the coal mine. It is surrounded by many similar WHERE WE HELD THE DAILY VlAOATLON BIBLE SCHOOL structures, some inhabited but all dirty in varying degrees. The front room, which is equipped recognized the need of the privileged young peo- ple of the church for what home missions can do with rickety, home-made benches, is used for the for them. I too find this to be true from actual Bible School. A stove is in the middle of the contact with privation, ignorance, intolerance, floor and just beyond is a small raised platform lack of opportunity and sin. We did our best for with an old foot-pedal organ. There are two the people thus bound but they too added greatly doors leading into the yard and two windows to my life. which provide light and ventilation. Because of them, I came to appreciate my • An address given at the Annual Home Missions Conference Din- greater privileges. I became sincerely thankful ner, New Yiork, January, 1934. Mr. Poling is the son of Dr. for my Christian opportunities. Gratitude helps Daniel A. Poling, President of the United Society of Christian Endeavor.

[230 ]

DEVELOPING THE ASSETS OF REDMEN

to form character. One's being expands and takes the others that of which I was incapable. on proportions beyond his former capacity. Life These things home mission work did for me. It is seen as an asset to be used for the advancement of others. made me thankful, giving me an appreciation of my Christian advantages. It aroused my concern As a result of my increased sense of gratitude, for the less fortunate. It disclosed my own in- I immediately became concerned for those with abilities and turned "my eyes to the hills from whom I dealt. There welled up within me the de- whence cometh my help." It gave me a truer sire to assist the men and women, the boys and standard for character and for a personality in girls of the coal fields to a higher plane of life. I which spiritual values are placed first. wanted to count for something in their behalf. Young people of the church, by the very nature Then suddenly I came to realize that in my own of youth, may be slow to recognize their spiritual strength I could give them nothing of lasting bene- needs but experience in the mission field has a fit. I began to feel sharply my own insufficiencies. method all its own of disclosing these needs. They The outcome was that I became a closer and more are revealed and satisfied as, participating in the receptive companion of Christ. Slowly but surely, fulfilment of the Great Commission, one comes I came to depend upon Him for strength and guid- into closer communion and into a working comance. I found that He was able to do for me and panionship with Jesus Christ.

Developing the. Assets of Redmen _-o~1 By ELSIE P. HERNDON, Tuba City, Arizona I LTONG ago I learned to measure the progress of who are doing exactly what the desert cactus has today with some yesterday. About forty done in my flower gard~:g.. years ago, in the years of,my earliest contacts with the Indians of Arizona, a young man Who says that religion is an opiate and deters who was educated in Hampton Institute, feared the progress of the tribes of Redmen? Say this, that I might become discouraged by the slow if you will, of other religions, of pagan sun wor· progress of his tribe. He assumed the responsi- ship it is far too true, but it is never true of the bility of a scout of the Trail of Progress and called Christian Indians who follow Jesus Christ. out from the ambushes of his wary, and sometimes suspicious friends: "Do not be discouraged, One of the best qualified Indian teachers I know, we are climbing the Hill of Progress." That young a Roman Catholic, was speaking to me of some of brave planted a desert cactus in my flower garden. the distinguished men and women who are ad· This well illustrates how the native Indian genius mired and trusted in their tribes, and who have and gifts have been embellished and have become never suffered from an inferior complex but are vibrant and responsive to changes that Christian proud of their blood. She declared that mission· education had introduced into the life of these aries have been first and foremost in the develop~ native Americans. The desert cactus, planted on ment of these leaders and have made them torch· a stump of a desert mesquite tree in a mere hand- bearers of all that is to be desired by her race in ful of good earth shows the native instinct in its the onward march of the Redman in the United search for water and sends a taproot down deep States. into the earth until it finds living water. Then it lives and grows and flouishes and becomes the As I view a glorious sunset of cooperative work miracle among the garden of flowers, putting with my missionary husband, I find great joy, not forth its blossoms of marvelous beauty. The only in reminiscences but in present-day experi~ cactus does not change one whit from its original ences. Twenty-six pupils of the Tuba Boarding stock but uses every asset to develop its inherent School were baptized and received into the church and distinguishing characteristics. So the Indian Sunday, March 4. Eleven returned students Christians, like the young brave, have sent a tap- brought letters from distant schools and renewed root down into the Water of Life, the true source their pledge to serve Christ and their people in the of strength and character. Then the missionaries Navajo land. One girl said that her older sister go to their gardens and point to native ChristIans and her father wished to be baptized. They live fifty miles from Tuba but they would like to come to the mission for this public acknowledgment of Christ.

Preacher and Mountain

By the REV. L. C. KELLY, A.B., D.D., Pineville, Bell County, Kentucky W HEN one lives in the mountains long for their immoral and unworthy manner of. life. enough for the scales of preconceived ideas They have been potent factors in lowering the to fall from his eyes he will come to see moral and spiritual ideals of the churches. that the greatest need is for religious leaders to Outsiders seem to forget, or never to have dis- measure up to the moral and spiritual demands covered, that we have preachers and preachers in of the situation. They must rightly relate their the mountains. We have the "Holy Roller"

lives and message to the moral and spiritual prob- preacher, the "Mock Humility" preacher, the "im- lems that affect the entire life of the mountaineers. moral" preacher, the "afraid" preacher, the The correction and cure of other problems wait "Open-your-mouth-and-God-will-fill-it" preacher, for the dynamic of a new moral authority and the "under-bidder" preacher, the "free-lance"

spiritual power in the preachers and their preacher, and the God-called preacher. churches. There is need for strongly organized The immoral preacher will get drunk, wink at forces of Christian men and women that will make crime and lawlessness and wickedness in high crime, beat his debts, preach while under the inplaces unpopular. fluence of liquor, commit fornication-in fact do many other things that no honest non-Christian Many benevolent minded people have sought in would do. He is usually a great contender for the many ways to help solve the mountain problems, "faith" and a great aspirant for public office. He by schools, hospitals, nursing centers, clinics and performs marriage ceremonies and in a number community centers. But unless they strengthen of ways reaps some benefits from wearing the the moral and spiritual fiber of the character of name "Reverend." He has been a blight on the people they all "build a cozy nest on a rotten Christianity. limb." I believe that the key to the solution of The "Holy Roller" preachers, as a rule, are long the problem is the God-called native mountain preacher. It is the profound conviction of some on emotions and short on moral standards. Many of us, through past experiences and past failures, do not seem to know the difference between carnal feeling and spiritual fervor. They preach perfec- that by patient efforts this task of evangelizing tion and practice carnality. They set themselves and character building will be done by the people to break down every effort and program of other themselves under the leadership of their own na- creeds and sow seeds of religious radicalism in tive men with the prayerful cooperation of friends the minds of people. They cultivate the soil for in other sections. Denominational leaders are con- agitators, whose stock in trade is mob-psychology. vinced that this is the key to the solution of the Their boisterous ways of worship have more or problem of missions on the foreign field and also less affected the entire rural church life of the in the mountains of America – in some ways a mountains.

more difficult field. The "Mock-humility" preacher wears a large We have already made a start toward the solu- bump of feigned-inferiority. In this way he' sows tion. For eight years we have gathered from the seeds of mental and moral blight deep into the twelve to seventy of these mountain men for a hearts of his followers.

month's study of the Bible, English, Church Prob- The "Under-bidder" preacher will nose in and lems, Church History, and Missions. We have undermine his brother pastor by offering to take noted their hunger and have seen them grow. the church for less than they are paying their The God-called man of the mountains has many pastor.

problems and obstacles to overcome, one of the The "Afraid" preacher is timid about condemn- worst of which is the evil influences of unworthy ing popular evils, and is afraid to preach missions, men in the ministry. As a rule all preachers look or stewardship, and other vital things touching alike to sinners and they have no respect for any. daily life and work. Such men think less of preachers than of men in The "Open-your-mouth-and-God-will-fill-it" any other walk of life. This is due in large meas- preacher is one who has gone to seed on inspira- ure to a certain type of preachers who are known tion. He is against education and teaches that [232 ] when God calls a man to preach He will put the gious disorganizers. They have fought handi- message in his mouth and inspire him with any capped as no other preachers of their day. They needed knowledge. have preached the best they could, inspite of tired The "Free-lance" preacher is tied on to nothing. body and untutored brain. They have had few . He baptizes his converts with no church authority, books, because the ever-present wolf has made it impossible for them to buy books. They have preached the funerals of the murderer and the "moonshiner" along with those of the ordinary sinners. One man who digs coal for a living con- ducted fifty funerals last year. That meant that he lost fifty days from work for which he did not receive one cent. Another man was obliged to re- main away from the Preachers School because he had nine girls to feed.

Education alone is not sufficient and some of these handicapped men have power with both God and man.

REV. R. B. MOYERS, FONDE, KENTUCKY "A Mountain Preachers Day" was put on at the Clear Creek Springs Assembly and a fine, up- Th is pastor held four revivals during 1933 a nd had 608 pro- standing mountain preacher arose and said: fessions of faith. Uneducated, yet when preaching he is inspired with great power and spiritual wisdom. H e and his wife, hy "My brethren, I beg pardon for my language. h is s ide, have five children.

I never saw inside a grammar. I never went half fills school houses and is an ecclesiastical" 'Wild through the first reader."

ass' colt." For six years he has been a faithful student at The "God-called" preacher, on the other hand, the Preachers School and today is one of the most feels that God called him to be a Christian before he called him to be a minister. He is honest to the core and self-sacrificing almost to a fault. He is devoted to his task and does an immense amount of work under the most trying circumstances, with no thought of material reward. This type of mountain preacher is usually sound in theology and full of evangelistic fervor. Many are pos- sessed with great physical strength but few have received any special training. Many can scarcely read. They have had no opportunity to go to school because most of them married early and have growing families. But they are capable, re- sponsive, hungry hearted and teachable, and have many qualities of leadership. Some of these men who have been pastors for years will sit spell- bound each summer in the English class at the Clear Creek Mountain Preachers School as the teacher talks about the simplest rudiments of the English language. To see forty or fifty grown men studying primary English is both a pathetic and an inspiring task. These under-privileged men are the potential leaders of a great people.

These God-called men have not only had to battle against bad religious conditions, for which unworthy preachers are responsible, but they have had to fight the wolf from ·the door daily and to TWO GREAT OLD-TIMERS WHO HELPED TO HOLD THE FORT feed and warm their families by their own hard FOR MANY YEARS OF USEFULNESS toil. They have had to fight against all sorts of bold, aggressive sins; ignorance, prejudice, world- useful and most sought after evangelists in all the liness in its rawest forms, blood-thirstiness, carnal mountain. With his heart, mind and personality, passions, broken homes, selfish exploiters of the proper training could have taken him to the top.

weak, vote venders, doctrinal Bolshevists, and reli- When asked what the school had done for him,

another younger pastor replied, "It ruined me. It courthouse steps, read the article and for nearly ruined all myoid sermons and it ruined me finan- two hours preached against the author of the cially. I had not been here three days before I article who was an interested member of his saw that I had to prepare to preach. I mortgaged audience. Today he is one of our best friends and my home and took my family to New Orleans Bible attends the Preachers School when he can. Institute for a year. I lost my home but I found myself. I'm not sorry. I would do it again." He A wonderful change has come over many of continued: these mountain preachers since we first began eight years ago. At the start we employed one of "Last night I was out yonder on the mountain their best men whom the preachers "confidenced" praying! As I prayed I heard voices. I heard to work three months, persuading them to come mountain mothers crying to God that their chil- to Clear Creek Springs to study the Bible together. dren might have a chance in life. I heard chil- Twelve came and .in four years that number had dren crying for the Bread of Life and for an op- increased to sixty-eight regular students and fifportunity to be somebody. I heard preachers teen occasional visitors. praying for help in their task. My brethren, have you heard these voices? Have you been haunted When the school was first proposed the quesby them?" tion was how to get them to come. Now the ques- tion is how to pay the bills. All this work has One fine man after another arose from the been carried on by voluntary contribution. The audience and told what the school had meant to men pay what little they can and some have to him. have help for their families at home while they attend the school. To perpetuate the work, and "It has inspired me to a new determination to reach out for more men, we have organized The get a better education." Society for the Instruction and Training of the Mountain Preachers, with annual membership "I have learned how little I knew about the dues at five dollars. The cost per capita varies Bible." with the number of men, with one hundred men we could furnish everything for twenty dollars "It has shown me that I am as big as I will ever per man for thirty days. be and have as big a work as I will ever have unless I can get more training." The secret of their great enthusiasm and inter- est in the school is twofold. They have come to "It cleared up my thinking about predestination see that it is their one and only change for trainand freewill." ing. It is not something imposed by outsiders. It is theirs and we have sought from the first to "It made the Bible a new book to me." develop their sense of responsibility for the suc- "It made me more of a missionary." cess of it. They elect their own faculty. It has "It prepared me to take full-time pastorate." made them more socially minded. Each year, in "It means to me greater Scriptural knowledge, the middle of the session, we have a conference on larger vision, deeper consecration, delightful fel- public affairs to discuss with them social, ecolowship, spiritual strength and greater love and nomic, health, law-enforcement, and religious sympathy for my brethren in the ministry." problems of the mountains. It took us five years to win the confidence of these mountain men. When we had been here two We are all sure that God has been back of this years we criticised one of the country pastors in work, under it, in it and through it. Each year our church paper. We have learned better since. we can thank God and take courage. At the end of that week we looked down the street and here came said pastor leading his entire flock of some two hundred people. He perched on the Kagawa's Prayer Heavenly Father, who dost lead us by Thy marvelous hand, we believe that Thou art infinitely wiser in Thy control of our lives than our own intelligence. Throwing aside all regret or longing and wilfulness, cause us to press forward in the path which Christ trod. Lead us by Thy marvelous hand. Bless the world afresh through our suffering and sorrow, and as Thou didst cause salvation to be spread abroad in those ancient days, lead us too who are so weak within ourselves. Enable us who seek Thee to bestir ourselves in Thy serv- ice and to seek afresh Thy guidance. Through our Saviour Jesus Christ. Amen.

Present Crisis and Opportunity in

By HARRY STRACHAN, Valdepenas, Spain Director of the Latin America Evangelistic Campaign Sp AIN. is passing through a crisis of such over- with the Spirit, and with an untiring passion for whelming import as almost to threaten a preaching the Gospel. All this lends special em- civil war of extermination. There is a phasis to his ministry, and gives him acceptance strange combination of clerical and monarchical among the evangelical churches in Spain, parforces, with their roots grounded in the historical ticularly at a time when the nationalistic spirit is past of the nation. An evidence of the grip of the so strong.

clergy upon the country is the overwhelming de- Our ministry is to a large extent being confined feat of the Republican party in the recent elec- to a revival movement among the churches of the tions, accomplished through the influence of Peninsula. During the past few months we have priests upon women voters. The newly established conducted evangelistic services all over the Galirepublic, in its joy over the victory that recently cian territory, where the Brethren have several brought it into existence, in conceding a vote to centres of work. Chief among these centres are ignorant women, placed power in the hands of un- Marin, Santo Tome, Vigo, Combarro, Grove, Coscrupulous and ever-vigilant clergy. The exist- runa, Ares, Ferrol, Gij6n, Lugo and Bande. In ence of its recent-won liberty is threatened. Here practically every place thus far visited labors is a tragic enaction of the drama of Samson: con- have been blessed both by the conversion of sinfidence betrayed by the tool of the Philistines, with ners and the consecration of believers. Over resultant captivity, blindness and premature sixty invitations have come for meetings from death. Another contributing factor to the debacle other sections of the country, so that intensive has been the unexpected alignment of the more evangelistic opportunities await us for which we conservative Republicans who, in their dread of request special prayer. communistic excesses, have joined forces with the clercial and monarchical parties, thus playing into A Communist Filled the Church the hands of their opponents. Although the political situation is full of great On the other hand are the forces of liberty- uncertainty, and restrictive· measures are still in liberty crushed through long centuries of persecu- operation, nevertheless opportunities have already tion and oppression and bloodshed – and yet been opened which have demonstrated possibiliwithin its prison of enforced silence, quietly gath- ties for Spain like those in Latin America. For ering force until, like the imprisoned lava of a example, during a fourteen-days' campaign in modern Vesuvius, -its eruptive force breaks all Marin, the church was filled each evening with barriers. The destructive tendency seems to have those who were almost entriely church members incarnated itself particularly in the anarchist- and Protestant adherents. It seemed impossible communistic movement, which by means of the because of prejudice, to secure the attendance of bomb, and other murderous weapons, almost non-evangelicals. The challenge to a debate, howcreated a reign of terror throughout the country. ever, by a communist, who had almost succeeded Fortunately, by drastic measures taken at the in burning the Marin church drew well over 200 time of the recent election, it has been held in workmen to their own hall as also a considerable check, but the spirit keeps spreading slowly but number of believers. The communist was discomsurely, and no one can tell when a fresh outbreak fited in his endeavors to cast ridicule upon the may take place. Bible, and such a strong case was presented by Mr. Palomeque on behalf of its inspirations, as to Evangelical Forces at Work win from almost all present a strong round of ap- plause. Better still, in response to Mr. Palome- Here is the background under which the evan- gelization campaign is being carried forward. que's invitation to attend his last discourse in the Mr. Palomeque is one of the most valued teachers church the following evening, such a crowd gath- from the Bible Institute in Costa Rica. He is a ered as to pack both church and vestibule and Spaniard of exceptional gifts and has an interde- even overflow into the outside patio with people nominational perspective: above all he is filled who had hitherto been impossible to reach.

[ 235 ]

Among those present were the Mayor and several of seventy-four young men and women to carry the Gospel to surrounding districts. This enthuother representative men of the city. siastic group during a week of special services on Other meetings were not only valuable because the opposite side of the bay, rendered yeoman of the crowds reached with the Gospel but much service by their attendance and help in song, and more because of the possibilities suggested for the by the distribution of literature. Largely due to future. We were privileged to preach at one of their enthusiasm, we had about 700 people present the great fairs which take place in all parts of the at an open-air meeting in the plaza of Sangenjo. country. Since the establishment of the Republic Their songs, as they crossed the bay in a large these fairs have been largely used, particularly by fishing motorboat, were carried across the waters the Brethren, as a means of spreading the Gospel and resounded among the hills, attracting the among multitudes of people. They afford the op- townspeople and villagers to an evangelical openportunity of preaching to great crowds drawn air meeting such· as had never before been witfrom all over the countryside, and also permit of nessed there. Mr. Palomeque and I had addressed a distribution of the Scriptures, resulting in their this large crowd, comprising many unfriendly to dissemination throughout all the country villages the evangelical faith, but all of them listened with and hamlets from which these people come. When attention. Then the young crusaders, following one considers the tremendously important fact our departure for another meeting several miles that these fairs are celebrated all over Spain, and distant, remained for over an hour singing hymns each day of the year, Sundays included, can be to the interested crowd, and made a liberal distriused in this ministry of preaching and distrib- bution of Gospel literature. This same group uting the Scriptures to those who are drawn from worked enthusiastically in distributing handbills every nook and corner of the country. With a for our first theater meetings, and distributed well coordinated plan, and a consecrated band of Gospels and tracts. workers, the possibilities are overwhelming. The Brethren are planning an intensive effort of evan- Theater Meetings in Spain gelization along these lines by means of a Bible coach. In the campaign in Spain, we employ the same The Youth in Dance Halls methods as those used in Latin America. In our Another new phase of work, which offers won- efforts to cooperate with all evangelical workers, derful opportunities of reaching the youth of the we seek to reach by means of theatre meetings the country, is the dance hall. All over the country, great unevangelized and, in most cases, indifferent sometimes even in the smallest villages, are these masses who will not enter evangelical places of dance halls which are sucking into their vortex worship. By breaking down prejudice on the one countless multitudes of young men and women. hand, and winning them to a new interest in the We had opportunities of reaching this class of Gospel story we endeavor to woo them to the young people who would seldom or never be Saviour and thereby to His Church and service.

reached with the Gospel elsewhere. On each oc- Owing to the tense political situation at the time casion the number present was between three of our arrival which led the authorities to pro- and four hundred and, considering the circum- hibit all public meetings, we were at first obliged stances under which we preached, the attention to limit our ministry to the churches. With ten- was good. A number listened witlr real serious- sion relaxed, due to the enforcement of drastic ness to messages that disclosed the pitfalls of measures against communistic excesses, a larger sin, at the same time setting forth the attractions amount of liberty was granted, of which we were of the life in Christ Jesus. Excellent opportuni- not slow to avail ourselves. Thus permission was ties were afforded for distributing Gospels and secured from the authorities to hold two great Scripture portions. The communists and social- public meetings in one of the large theaters of ists are securing most of their recruits from the Pontevedra. This city is one of the bulwarks of youth of both sexes. Never was there a greater Roman Catholicism in Galacia. One of the out- need for the Church of Christ to imitate this standing evangelical workers sought for four years example and to pray for this work. to obtain a foothold in this fanatical city, but was We have been making a special endeavor to finally obliged- to retire without having achieved reach the youth of the evangelical churches, many his purpose. Thus no evangelical church was of whom are being drawn into worldliness. In found in this most important city, and our joy was many churches we have seen what might be great, therefore, at having permission for theater termed a revival movement among young people. meetings. Owing to the enthusiastic efforts of One church, where the pastor was in despair about the young people in sowing the entire city' with the condition of the youth, a real awakening took handbills, inviting all to our meetings, we found place, resulting in the formation of a special band at the theater a dense crowd in front of the doors.

THE PRESENT CRISIS AND OPPORTUNITY IN SPAIN

The theater was packed to the last available seat, prietor pleading for a copy of the New Testament. with about 100 people standing throughout the Tremendous facilities are thus offered for distridiscourse. The interest was splendid for a first bution of the Scriptures at theatre meetings and night in such a place, and although we had two in the open air. Pray that these may be greatly interruptions, one occasioned by a group of rowdy blessed to the salvation of souls. We covet earnest boys and the other by some communists, yet these prayer also that the door may be kept open from were only momentary. Our second night was even all political interference, in order that these efbetter, and an interesting discourse on Sowing forts may be continued. The reactionary party and Reaping by Mr. Palomeque was greeted with that has managed to secure the reins of governapplause-and this in fanatical Pontevedra! ment in the recent election is pledging itself to such a return of favors to the Roman Catholic At the close of the second meeting, Scripture portions, tracts and Testaments were distributed Church as may hamper evangelical activity.* by the young people of Marin. We were besieged for copies, even the police and the theater pro- • Any interested in this campaign in Spain may communicate with Miss E. B. Long, 828 Windsor Square, Philadelphia, Pa., who will furnish literature and information.

PRAYER FOR SLUM CLEARANCE* Almighty God, Father of all mankind, Thou who hast signally blessed the human family as the cradle of divinity, and hast granted to us the security and strength, the joy and comfort, and the supporting goodness of our homes, do Thou forgive us that we have been content to accept these precious gifts of life, but have taken little thought of those whose lot confines them to the slums of our cities. .

Give us, we pray Thee, a vivid sense of the little children condemned to live in crowded tenements and to play amidst the traffic in the streets, deprived to the simplest elements of human health and happiness, robbed even of the common heritage of pure air and sunshine.

Make us conscious of the preventable disease which breeds in the narrow alleys, and in the dark inner rooms where sunlight never comes.

By our very hope of Thy mercy, as we sjt concerned by the sickbeds of our own little ones, may we be willing in love to share the anxiety, the anguish, and the grief of the parents of the poor as they watch by their sick or mourn the death of those who need not have sick- ened or died but for the conditions in which they are obliged to live.

In the very measure of our longing for a happy home for our dear ones, with space for gracious living, free from the special strains and irritations, and the moral exposures of crowded quarters; by our pleasure in the joyous play of our happy children in God's out-of- doors, do Thou lay upon our conscience the plight of countless families whose lives are cramped and thwarted for lack of space and air in which to live and play and grow in wisdom and in stature, and in favor with God and man.

By the very anguish of our prayers for our own children, that they may be saved from sin, and that they may grow in grace and goodness, into the glory of manhood and womanhood, into the stature of the fulness of Christ, do Thou make us ashamed of our toleration of the slums, which in disproportionate measure continue to make criminals and prostitutes of many boys and girls who never had a chance. Oh, God of love and justice, we acknowledge before Thee our personal and corporate responsibility for the sins of such perverted lives. By our very hopes of heaven, oh God, help us truly to love our neighbors as ourselves, and to know no peace of heart until all Thy children shall enjoy equal opportunities for health and happi- ness, and for the very salvation of their souls.

As we bow in reverence before Thee, our Father, in these solemn moments of prayer, we dedicate our wills to Thine. Grant us grace at this time to gird ourselves for action. May we lay hold upon the special opportunities which are now offered in our land for the clearance of slums and the erection of homes more fit for the children of God. As we go out from Thy House to do our part in this heroic task of Thy Kingdom, grant to us, we pray, a very special sense of Thy nearness and Thy love, inasmuch as we would do it unto Thee.

For Jesus' s,ake, Amen.

• This prayer, written by the Rev. James Myers, Industrial Secretary, Federal Council of the Churches of Christ In America, is for use In churches and home missionary societies. Even If your community is rural, you can help by prayer, and through understanding the conditions surrounding industrial classes in our cities.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I==========================-~ MISSIONS IN THE HOME in developing a desire for good litera- corollary of the Christian life ture …… Perhaps one of the very and faith, instead of being excep- A request has come for sug- best ways in which to encourage the tional, occasional or optional. gestions as to the cultivation of reading of good literature, and cer- They are an essential in the patmissionary interest among chil- tainly a very profitable way, is to tern of our Christian life, and if dren in the home. The matter iil maintain a family reading circle. A we truly esteem them so, none of prime importance, since the few moments devoted to reading aloud of the foregoing endeavors will fundamentals of all life-develop- from a good book or magazine, fol- be too strenuous, because we ment must be included in early lowed by a brief discussion by the shall consider them so well home-conditioning. members of the group, tends to en- worth while. courage good reading more than any- The absolute essential for de- thing else that can be done. The The Pastor's Missionary veloping missionary-mindedness selection may be criticized as the that will become permanent is a memberS of the circle see fit and upon Round Table matter of atmosphere – the pa- the points which they deem necessary. rental attitude of mind. The …… Very much good may be derived A cooperative plan for pastor, mother, as the parent of greater from a miniature forum of this kind. missionary education committee contact, must have not only the and woman's society in the Bap- Spirit of Christ and a passion Each denominational board tist church at Galesburg, Illinois, for missions but thorough infor- has ample information as to the has proved valuable in the matmation as to down-to-date condi- missionary books and magazines ter of creating more general intions, needs and current policies adapted to the various ages, and terest and bringing "the brethfor the work and the great re- the usual plan of basing the ren" into the picture. It was sults of Christian missions. As whole round of reading and properly termed "The Fireside these change from year to year, study for a given year upon one Reading and Discussion Groups," summer is an excellent time to theme lends itself to the family the round table occurring twice, prepare for the fall opening-by reading circle idea. Economy in at two-week intervals, as the reading or by attendance at some these times of reduced finances high light and climax. Several good conference if this is im- may well begin somewhere else outstanding study or reading possible. This preparation must than on the library table. books were chosen as rallying be kept up year by year and points for discussion, others beshould cover the various phases Auxiliary devices in the nature ing added as the several groups of children's work as outlined by of recreation may also be used- might desire, the keynote of the the national leaders. missionary puzzles, games, con- endeavor being: tests, etc. Attention is again Next comes the matter of pro- called to the little "Handy" man- To read a book of worth; viding suitable reading matter uals mentioned in the September, To discuss it with friends; and seeing that it is used. James 1933, number of THE REVIEW To find Christian solutions of prob- E. Knowles says, in The Na- (furnished by The Church Rectional Kindergarten Association: reation Service, Delaware, Ohio) lems; in which are featured numerous To apply solutions to daily living- Most children experience an insati- games suitable for family circle These are paths which lead to the able desire for reading between the or home party. ages of eight and twelve. They pass broad highway of Christ-like through a period of what might be Parents should see to it that character and service. called the explorative period. It is children attend their church misthe time when they are driven through sionary organizations and study The reading groups were very curiosity to find out as much as they classes, helping to form such an carefully organized, one person can about their world. The desire to organization if the church lacks in each of seven sections of the read often becomes so intense that the them, not forgetting that ex– town being selected to invite child is liable to give his entire spare ample is more powerful than other Baptists of the section to time to cheap, trashy stories in his precept. meet at a designated home to ardent search for a "thrill." Provid- read together the assigned books ing the right kind of books in the home Undergirding all these plans and to shape up the discussion and suggesting reading for the child should be the normalizing of mis- toward conclusions that might to get from other sources is, without sions in home conversation and be reported at the round tabl~ to doubt, the right procedure to follow attitudes of mind so they will follow. Most of these neighbor- appear natural as an inevitable hood groups met five or six [238 ]

EPFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

times. On the two round table Of that new world that He would have nese, an Indian and a Moham- us build medan room respectively. For evenings an inexpensive supper To life's ennoblement and His high was served at the church, after the Chinese scene a low stool which the discussions were held ministry. was used for the bride's seat with the pastor either conduct- Bird's-eye View of the Mission while her mot her hovered around putting the finishing ing or leading out. In some in- Study Books touches on the girl's toilette. For stances the groups at table had A new venture in the Granville the Mohammedan scene a low been formed by having the Baptist church last February divan, improvised by draping an guests draw numbered slips was the giving over of the mid- automobile cushion with purple with a discussion topic or ques- week prayer meeting, preceding cloth, was used. The remaining tion at the top; the six or eight the opening of the annual School third of the stage represented persons who found their slips of World Friendship, to a project the American home – hat and bore the same number to seat entitled' "Around the Library suit boxes scattered about, the themselves at one table and talk Table with the Study Books." wedding veil in a box on the about their topic with a view to This was a plan to acquaint table, a chair, a couch, etc. presenting a group view at the everybody with all the new study round table. In this way it was books, only one of which would The devotional period, precedhoped to get everyone to think- be intensively considered by each ing the sketch, was based on ing and talking missions as well person later. A round table with Revelation 19: 6-9 – "The Maras to get a precipitate of definite green cloth, a bowl of flowers riage of the Lamb." Lohengrin's findings originating with the lay- and missionary books and mag- Wedding March was played premen. These round tables are re- azines was the center of interest, vious to the opening of the curported to have been both lively all lights in the prayer meeting tains and "0 Promise Me" was and stimulating, with no dull room being turned out except sung as a solo after they closed. moments. Conclusions repre- the soft-tinted reading lamps Stories of weddings may be obsenting group thinking were par- brought in from near-by homes tained from such books as "Eastticularly calculated to motivate for the purpose. The meeting ern Women: Today and Tomortoward group action later, espe- owed its initial interest to this row," "Lady Fourth Daughter of cially as the discussions were all colorful atmosphere. Five good China," "Friends -of Africa," and controlled by the master query, speakers, chosen from the vari- also from denominational mag- "What Can We Do?'" The an- ous interests and age groups of azines and leaflets on the several nouncement for Nov. 8 was as the church, sat around the table countries. follows: and in an informal way rose in turn to review in eight-minute In the opening scene the WHAT CAN WE Do As INDIVIDUALS speeches the outstanding books American bride holds up her veil assigned. A very large audience and says: "Isn't it just beauti- about had gathered in response to the ful, mumsie?" In a natural con- announcement and expressions versation, easily improvised by 1. World peace, of keen interest were numerous. any local group, mother and daughter talk of the charming 2. Race prejudice, June Brides church wedding to be celebrated' the next day, the good qualities 3. Industrial conditions, of the husband-to-be, the new 4. The applications of Christ's teach- ings to daily living.

For Nov. 22 the question was asked: What Can We Do As Miss Elizabeth I. Fensom, of home in prospect, etc. The Churches about the same four the Baptist Literature Bureau, mother insists that the young topics. The records kept of 152 Madison Av~., New York woman shall lie down on the these discussions doubtless con- City, reports a prize-winning couch now and get "forty winks" tain valuable points to show mis- program received from Grace so that she will be sufficiently sionary administrators "which Baptist Church of Camden, New rested to attend the missionary way the wind is blowing" at the Jersey, which may be produced meeting that afternoon-the last with simple stage scenery but before she changes her name. home base. very entertaining and illumi- Pulling a letter from her apron In the School of World Friend- nating results. Costumes typical ship, which had its usual six ses- of the several countries were pocket, the mother hands it over sions beginning on January 1, saying it has just come from a made of inexpensive material former dear girl friend now less time than usual was needed and the stage settings required for the detailed study of the two only screens, draperies impro- down in Africa, who evidently had planned its arrival previous books used for the round table vised from house furnishings, to the wedding. Exit mother, and so more time could be given carrying away boxes and packto the expressional projects and a few borrowed curios. A ages. third of the stage was partiwhich are, after all, the high tioned off with folding screens, Reading this letter aloud as potency of any mission study. this portion being transformed she lies on the couch, the bride- God grant us wisdom in these coming days, -by means of Chinese panels, a to-be comments on her satisfac- Persian table scarf and some tion that she is not to be wedded And eyes unsealed, that we clear oriental draperies – into a Chi- under any such circumstances as visions see

are described by the missionary her mother in time for the mis- by the Presbyterian Church of and promises herself to read the sionary meeting. She exclaims Jeannette, Pa. The Joash Chest over her strange dream, saying idea, taken from 2 Kings 12, was letter to the audience in the she never before realized how announced by January 1, reafternoon. Presently the young fortonate she was to be married ferred to frequently in the pul- in a Christian land and that she pit and described in a leaflet diswoman falls asleep. The letter intends to tell the friends at the tributed to the membership. tells of an African girl of very meeting all about it that they The week preceding the cantender age who had been chosen may know how much they owe vass, each member received a to the changes brought about by card with a cut of the chest. by a man with ten other wives- Jesus Christ. Two Sundays were taken for the the selection having been made filling of the chest, sermons set- Good Ideas ting forth the needs being when on a visit to her father, preached to create atmosphere Chief Mubefe, when she was A Three-Plus-One Luncheon is and the benevolent attitude of but a tiny child. The visits of described in Women's Home mind. Canvassers went forceremony bringing gifts, the Missions (Methodist). The en- ward for consecration to the tire membership of the women's work. Minister and church drinking of wine and the carous- society was divided into threes, officers first filled in their pledge ing, the all-night dancing of men one strong member on each cards and dropped them into group serving as chairman. the chest, then the congregation and women separately, the pros- Each group then met to arrange followed suit. The number of pect of having to work for this the details of a table for four and prospects to be reached in their to determine what non-member homes was reduced from 950 to old man when she wants to they should go after to fill the 200. The people were enthumarry a young man, etc., are fourth place. If not successful siastic over this method of con- in their first choice, they went ducting the canvass, as it spirgraphically described. after another woman, and in the itualized the business end of the While the American girl sleeps event of final failure the place church work. remained e m p t y. For the on, scenes in other mission lands luncheon, groups formed in Methods for Increasing are described and the screens order according to the numbers Interest on their tables and entered the shutting off the rest of the stage dining room under arches made The Friends' Missionary Adare removed as required to show of autumn leaves and flags. One vocate gives worthful sugges- member in each group took all tions for accentuating interest these scenes. The pianist plays four plates to the kitchen for among their membership of all "The Song of India" when the self-service, another took care ages. Among the points are first episode reveals Jyoti sitting of the needs as the luncheon pro- .mentioned : gressed, while the third removed on the floor with her jewel and the plates and served the dessert. Having a missionary commitpaint boxes decorating herself At each plate had been placed an tee write to the different fields envelope and pencil with instruc- and get personal replies to be as she recites a revealing mono- tions that the member place in read in Sunday school or mislogue. The text for this is ob- the former all or as much of her sionary society. dues as possible. After a protainable from the Literature gram feature on giving, the Conducting imaginary trips to Headquarters, 733 Muhlenberg treasurer, carrying a lighted the Foreign Field, with visual Building, Philadelphia, Pa.- candle and accompanied by the aids to understanding. secretary, went from table to "Jyoti, a Monologue ora Bride table collecting the envelopes Having individuals make suitof India" (price, 2 cents). and lighting the individual able mottoes of quotations to be candles wherever dues had been exhibited in the Sunday school. To the music of a Chinese paid. Opportunity was given melody, the next scene discloses for each group to introduce its Assigning incidents describ- new member. The dues and the ing actual missionary experia Chinese bride and her mother. lighted candle were then placed ences, to be memorized and re- Their dialogue may be adapted at the foot of a large map of the peated by various children. United States on which were from a chapter in "A China plainly indicated the Home Mis- Asking volunteers to learn the Shepherdess," by Mar gar e t sionary institutions in which the names of missionaries and their Applegarth, or its data may be society was interested. fields, a Missionary Album con- taining pictures and brief bioobtained from such a book as A Chest of Joash Canvass. graphical sketches being avail- "Lady Fourth Daughter." This method of conducting an able. every-member canvass was used The last screen is removed The June METHODS will deal during the playing of a Turkish with "How to Awaken Interest melody and brings to view in Christian Work for Orientals in America." Zahia, the Mohammedan bride and her schoolmate. The sketch entitled "Zahia" is obtainable from the Baptist Literature Headquarters (price, 3 cents). As the parts would be quite long for entire memorization, they should either be condensed or else read as a letter purporting to have been written by Zahia to a schoolmate. The same may be done with Jyoti's long letter from her absent sister. In the last scene, the real American bride is aroused by

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BULLETIN OF I The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=I==~~~~~=====================~~ Jesus said, "Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow-"

"Verily, verily / say unto you, Except a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die, it abideth by itself alone; but if it die, it beareth much fruit."

"/ am the Resurrection and the Life."

Child's Pentecost I know the Holy Ghost is glad When we enjoy the things He made: No artist could be cross and sad Who thought of rabbits in the glade, Or shining button-buds new born Within the branches of the thorn.

They say He hovered as a dove IN THE SPRING FOR.EST Above the One who loved Him best: In which thy will shall reign; that so connected with its missionary organ- I think He dwells in feathery love cruel facts may be seen to be izations. merciful facts, With little birds of many a nest- Will you endeavor to have each of Darts with the seagull through And this harsh world become thy your local societies hold a peace meet- the spray, Kingdom of Heaven. ing during the year, preferably in Oc- tober or November, using the simple Is merry in the tomtit's play. -Front "A Book of Prayers for peace program just prepared, or such Use in an Indian College." peace program as your denomination His skill it is that guides the hand is promoting? In order that there Concerning E v a may be wide participation in this plan, To draw the curve, to sew the seam: Clark Waid Me- it is urged that you ask each society morial for WorId to use one hundred stamps, one cent And His the wit to understand . Peace. E x c e r p t each (10 members each to use 10 from a recent letter stamps or 20 each to use 5 stamps). Hard sums, and His the dream written by Mis s If this idea can be carried out fully, Emma Jessie Ogg, it would mean the completion of the Of fairy things, unnamed, un- Chairman, to Home Eva Clark Waid Memorial Fund for Mission Boards: World Peace and would place the known, church women in a position to cooper- In view of increased emphasis upon ate more effectively for World Peace Seen in the woods when we're nationalism and the increasing ac- through the Council. tivity in munitions plants in the alone. United States, as well as in foreign Weare sending this to you now in countries, it seems particularly essen- order that you may channel out to Come, Spirit! not with sudden wind tial that those of us interested in your constituency- Or fighting flames of Pentecost, World Peace should lend our every effort toward furthering peace. In 1. At special spring gatherings you But in the breezes small and kind view of this special need for Christian are holding; By which the baby boughs are tost. women becoming peace-minded and Come! with Thy touchings soft peace-acting, the members of the Com- 2. For inclusion in programs of local and bright, mittee on Eva Clark Waid Memorial societies being set up in the And lift the leaflets to the light. for World Peace feel it laid upon spring for use next fall and them to bend their strength toward winter; -Evelyn Underhill. promoting peace. To this end it is suggested that every denomination 3. Through letters to local societies; A Prayer for Courage to affiliated with the Council make a 4. Through your missionary magazine Face Reality united effort to reach each individual , or other publicity channels. God of all power and Ruler of all [ 241 ] worlds, On request we could send to you a hundred Peace Stamps to be sold for Save us, we pray Thee, from empty a penny each. With every hundred sentiment, stamps, there will be a sheet of news From the impulse to cover naked facts With a false clothing of cheap and tawdry affection.

Give us a resolution to know the truth at any cost, And, having known it, to transform it into another truth, another realm of reality,

items concerning preparation for implications and foreign back- For Junior Children's Reading establishment of World Peace. grounds of a home mission sub- ject. Dr. Palmer, out of his long Rainbow Bridge, by Florence Crannell Each Christian should ask, How experience among Orientals liv- Means, author of "Ranch and Ring" much today am I advancing interna- ing in the United States and and the stories in "Children of the tional good will, and peace on earth? Hawaii, has shown how the rela- Great Spirit." tions between Americans and Work and pray ceaselessly for their neighbors of Oriental A charming reading book that peace. Prayer is the greatest weapon origin are bound up with Far will be sure to please juniors. for peace. Eastern problems of the most The Miyata children are startled critical importance. He de- by the announcement of their Fuh-tz of Hunan, China scribes the work of home mis- father that they are going to sions among the Chinese, Jap- America to live. From the mo- Little Fuh-tz of Hunan, China, anese and Filipinos on this con- ment they embark until the story writes very thoughtfully to the tinent and points out its bearing closes there is one exciting ad- American Christians, asking: upon the solution of great world venture after another. Delight- issues. fully illustrated. What is this that I hear about my people being shut out of your beautiful Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. Cloth, $1.50,; paper, 75 cents. land, America (Mei-Kuo)?' They say something about exclusion of us and For Young People and Seniors For Leaders of Primary Groups of Japanese. I hear some folk talk about war between peoples. All I Out of the Far East, by Allan A. Oriental Friends in the United States, know about that is that war makes Hunter, author of "Facing the by Katharine Smith Adams, foreverybody unhappy and kills friends Pacific," "Youth's Adventure," "So- merly Director of Religious Educaand relatives. cial Perplexities." tion in Christ Church, Greenwich, Connecticut. Some of my Chinese friends live in A book of adventures in Chrisyour country – in San Francisco, tian friendship with Orientals in A Friendship Press text con- Cleveland, New York City. I hope to our midst. Mr. Hunter's inti- taining units of work on the study there when I grow big. Is it mate knowledge of the Far East Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos. true that this next year many of you and of Oriental young people Teaching suggestions are given, will study how to make your people living in America enable him to as well as source material and and my people better friends? answer these questions in a way suggestions for worship. Ready that youth everywhere will find in May. Most respectfully, stimulating both by individual reading and for group discus- Boards, $1.00; paper. 75 cents. FUH-TZ. sion. For Primary Children FUH-TZ Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. The World in a Barn, by Gertrude Orientals in the United States Land of All Nations, by Margaret R. Chandler Warner, author of "Winis the theme for home mission Seebach. dows into Alaska." study in 1934-35. The texts are: A reading book of biograph- Probably the most popular For Adults ical sketches about people of children's reading book pub- various races living in the United Ushed by the Missionary Educa- Orientals in American Life, by Albert States. Two sketches of Ori- tion Movement in recent years. W. Palmer, President Chicago The- entals. Very appropriate for use with ological Seminary; author of "The the theme of the year, as several Human Side of Hawaii," "The New Cloth, 50 cents; paper, 25 cents. of its stories relate to Oriental Christian Epic," etc. children in the United States. Gold Mountain, by Philip F. Payne, An informative study that Assistant Secretary, Presbyterian Special price, $1. starkly reveals the international Board of National Missions; in Charge of Oriental Work. Orientals in the United States Picture Sheet. If you think Orientals are in- scrutable, this book of stories A folder of pictures to be used will show the warm, human side in making posters and notebooks we neglect to discover and culti- and for classroom use. vate. Their romantic history in America begins almost with our 25 cents. Forty-Niners on the Pacific Coast and ends with American- Picture Map of the United States, 30x born Chinese and Japanese who 50 inches, to be colored by the chil- are unable to speak anything but dren. English, or live and work any- where but in America. For Pictures· of Orientals in the reading by Junior High School United States or of home mis- students. sion work may be pasted on the map at a,ppropriate places. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. 50 cents.

Paper Dolls. The three sets: Friend- ship Cut-Outs; China Paper Dolls; Japan Paper Dolls.

Furnish excellent Oriental dolls to use in connection with any study of these races in the United States.

25 cents each set.

~' Our World–wide Outlook

~~~~~A~M~ issio~ nary= New= spa~ per o~ f Cu~ rren~ t Ev~ ents==~I~- EUROPE Christians. This group looks check equivalent to 3d from forward to making contacts with every communicant in the pres- Christian Youth in Germany all branches of W est ern bytery of Mull. Another un- Churches but particularly with known member sent in 3d for The Young People's Union of the Anglican communion The every inhabitant of his native the German Baptists was dis- Anglo-Russian Fellowship of St. parish. Another, having read of solved early in February and Alban and St. Sergius, has the death of a venerable peeress other Free Churches have been branches in England and in with 70 descendants, calculated forced to take a similar step. France and the Paris branch of that he had some 80 relations, The Wahrheitszeuge (organ of the Fellowship has a Seminar on and sent in the three penny bits the German Baptists) explains the Oxford Movement, and is for all of them. It is estimated that the dominant purpose of the making an effort to interest wid- that the response to the appeal Christian youth organization er circles of Russians in reunion. was not less. than £6500, while now dissolved was to lead the private efforts brought in anothyoung people to Christ and to -The Living Church. er £3000. A million three penny church fellowship, and to build bits exactly would have brought in £12,500. The actual year's exthem up in their faith. Uni- John Calvin's Anniversary penses were paid for in full, but forms, parades, etc. were alto- the budget was not met by about gether subordinate to these ends. American Presbyterians and £4000, since the assembly had The State has now taken over Scottish Calvinists are invited to ordered the past deficits liquicontrol of the physical and politi- join French Protestants in ob- dated at the rate of £5000 per cal training of the young so that serving the four hundred and annum. Baptist and other Free Churches twenty-fifth anniversary of the have been obliged to dissolve birth of John Calvin. The cele- Religious Interests at Geneva their young people's unions. bration will take place on July Sunday School work, devotional 10 at Noyon, a short distance Seven international religious meetings for the vroung, and all from Paris, where the birthplace organizations now maintain ofthe traditional forms of church of the great reformer has been fices or headquarters in Geneva, work for childhood and youth transformed into a Calvin muse- Switzerland. Here is the list: are not interrupted. um. The ceremony at Noyon will be the beginning of a series International Mis s ion a r y Russian Church in Paris of celebrations marking the four Council. hundredth anniversary of the The Communist control in publication of Calvin's great the- World's Committee of the Russia may have a bearing upon ological work, "The Institutes lIf Y. M. C. A. the relationship of Eastern and Religion." The Huguenot Soci- Western churches. Paris, which ety of America has promised its World's Committee of the is now the political and ecclesi- cooperation in the anniversary Y.W.C.A. astical center of Russian emi- ceremonies, and it is hoped that grants has nearly twenty par- official representatives will at- World's Student Federation. ishes, a theological college, a tend from most of the Presbyte- World Alliance for Internareligious-philosophical academy, rian Churches of the world. tional Friendship. and the Russian Student Chris- Life Work Committee of tian Movement. While the Rus- Scotch Three Penny Bits Stockholm Conference. sians carefully preserve their in- European Office for Interdividuality in religious matters, church Aid.

since the Church is to many of The receipts for the first elev- It is proposed that the World's them the last spot where they en months of 1933 being quite Sunday School Association shall can feel themselves still Rus- inadequate to maintain the work also establish an office here besians, there is a small but influ- , of the Church of Scotland on the cause "the religious education ential group which is deeply present basis, the moderator, Dl·. forces represented by it are treconvinced that exile is a unique MacLean Watt, issued an appeal mendously concerned with issues opportunity for the proper study for a million "three penny bits" such as world peace, disarmaof Western Church life; and as a Christmas offering to stave ment, anti-opium activities, pro- . that the time is ripe for real off defeat. There was wide- tection of women and children," friendship and cooperation be- spread response. Someone at all of which are of concern to the t.ween Eastern and Western once anonymously sent in a League of Nations.

-Missions.

[ 243 ]

Six. Thousand Pastors Refuse lished in Lisbon, under the direc- course for the promoting of the tion of Dr. Hatcher. Native spread of the Gospel) which is In Old Testament times 7,000 Baptists are showing themselves still active, and is now 220 years capable leaders and are doing a old. men refused to bow the knee to notable work. Their latest Baal. In Germany the number achievement was the dedication This society was founded by of a church house in the city of Pastor Bone Falck Ronne in is nearer 6,000. What had come Leiria, the gift of two native June 17, 1821, assisted by the to be regarded as an unimpeded Portuguese, which in the United gifts of the royal family. Until march toward a totalitarian States would cost not less than the society had its own work esstate, is finding its first serious $75,000. More than 400 attend tablished in India and later also services weekly in this new in China, its monies were sent to check in the reported revolt of house of worship. Portuguese the mission house in Basel where 6,000 Lutheran pastors, who ob- Baptists are also supporting a Danish students received their ject to the "Aryan clause" in the missionary in Africa. training.

Christian Church. They refuse -Watchman-Examiner. AFRICA to have the Bible, and especially A Missionary Centennary Situation in the Congo the Old Testament, revised so as to conform to Nazi doctrines. The Rhenish Mission this year The Rev. Emory Ross, Execu- With true Luther spirit, they are celebrates the 100th birthday of tive Secretary of the Congo Protprotesting against the curtail- the veteran missionary Nom- estant Council which includes mensen, who was born on a small thirty-five Protestant missions ment of religious liberty. On the island near Schleswig, in the working in Belgian Congo, came first Sunday in January, accord- same year when the two Ameri- to America last December, pre- can missionaries, Munson and senting the serious situation in ing to press reports, from thou- Lyman, were murdered in the Equatorial Africa. Religio-posands of pulpits in Germany they jungles of Sumatra. He was litical coalitions threaten the honored with a decoration by the continuance of all evangelical proclaimed to their congrega- government of the Dutch East work. Dr. Thomas S. Donohugh, tions that "resistance to tyranny Indies and a doctor's degree by Secretary of the Board of Foris obedience to God." the university of Bonn, but noth- eign Missions of the Methodist ing seemed to him so big and so Episcopal Church, and chairman The New York Times makes important as the fact, that after of the African Committee of the he had passed his long life as the Foreign Missions Conference, this observation, pointing out first missionary among canni- says: "There is an urgency bals amid constant dangers, the about this appeal from the Belthat this is of more significance Christians of Sumatra numbered gian Congo. The Roman Cath- 180,000. olic Church recognizes this opthan a mere modern phase of portunity to such an extent that Danish Mission Society it has put 500 additional workers the historic struggle between in the Congo in the last three In January this society was years. During this period Prot- Church and State: "The Protes- also one hundred years old. The estant Missions have suffered a Dansk Missionsblad published decline, and there is real danger tant pastors are saying things facsimile pages of the number of that they may be crowded out of Jan. 1, 1834, and gave the his- the field, although they have that drive at the very heart of tory of the leaders who have had gathered a constituency of ap- the editing of the mission paper proximately 500,000 in the past the Hitler doctrine. To fight for in hand. fifty years, one of the largest proportionate in-gatherings in freedom of religious thought is It is to the credit of Danish the history of missions. The Christians, that Protestant mis- need and opportunity for careto fight for freedom of thought. sions began more than 200 years fully planned and wisely admin- ago, when a Danish king sent istered religious education is ap- …… Civil freedom has disap- out the first Halle missionaries, parent, and if the need is not met Ziegenbalg and Pluetschau. quickly it may pass away from peared. This religious revolt Again, a Danish king, Frederick evangelical Christianity." the IV, and later FredericK gives the opportunity, with good VI, provided for the spread of Dr. John R. Mott is going to Christianity in East and West the Congo for a series of Concause and on a fair pretext, to India, and among the northern ferences in June. Finns and the people of Greenshow resentment and resistance land. The latter king ordered the Consecrated Gasoline Cans founding of A Collegium de to the excesses of the Nazi move- Cursu Evangelii Promovendo (a In conducting a communion service at Bailundo, West Africa, ment." The world is finding out that 2,000 years have not changed the truth that "where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty." -Missions.

Brazilian Baptists in Portugal In 1907 Brazilian Baptists organized their first National Convention and appointed a Board of Foreign Missions. Millions of Portuguese live in that country, so these Brazilian Baptists began operations in Portugal. In 1911 the Brazilian Baptist Convention appointed Rev. John .J. Oliveira and his wife as the first missionaries to Portugal, fully supported by Brazilian Baptist churches. Six houses of worship have been erected, and a theological school is at present estab-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Rev. Henry A. Neipp found that ing up good children. There is a Mission Centennial there were only four cups for junior branch under the name use among several hundred na- of "Sunbeams." On April 18, one hundred tive Christians. In this same years ago, the first five missiondistrict he had just waged an There are four Wayfarer aries of the Berlin Mission Soenergetic war against tuber:cu- laws: ciety landed at the Cape of Good losis which is responsible for a Hope, and on September 24 of high death rate in Angola. He 1. A Wayfarer does her duty to the same year founded Bethany, at once set to work on the prob- God. the first mission station in lem, and solved it by having na- Orange Free State. The work tive tinsmiths cut up empty gas- 2. A Wayfarer helps others and is at present is carried on through olene cans and make then into a friend to animals. fifty-five main stations, with 436 cylindrical cups one and a half outposts and 1,156 preaching inches high· and three fourths 3. A Wayfarer always does her places, organized in five synods. inches wide. Next the cups were best in work and play. The field is manned by 113 made rust proof by paint and European workers, of whom disinfected in boiling water. 4. A Wayfarer is clean in thought, fifty are ordained missionaries, word and deed. and by nine hundred native Chief Tshekedi workers, of whom fifty-two are Honors are obtained in the five ordained pastors. The total bap- Chief Tshekedi of the Bam- main ways: (1) The Home Way tized membership is 76,827. angwato tribes, British Bechu- includes proficiency in household Twenty-five thousand nine hunanaland, whose banishment a arts. (2) The High Way calls dred and forty-five pupils are enyear ago aroused international for familiarity with surround- rolled in 369 schools. attention, has been reinstated in ings, nature study and athletic office and was warmly welcomed training. (3) For the Health -Lutheran News Service. by his people. Way, nursing hygiene, mother craft and child nurse vocations Football with Hymns The Christian chieftain was are stressed. (4) The Hand Way banished by a local British court calls for skill in basketry, simple In "Modern Industry and the for flogging a white man who toy construction, pottery, house African," J. Merle Davis says: had mistreated native women- decoration. (5) The Heart Way a flogging it was acknowledged requires an acquaintance with If outlets for recreational and emothat he richly deserved. The the Old and New Testament and tional instincts are not provided for Chief was subsequently reinstat- the memorization of chosen pas- the African he will aevise his own. ed by King George. sages. The sports day of a Christian village in Northern Rhodesia revealed a lack Prince George of England, In a recent rally at Pieters- of adequate channels for expressing who is making a tour of South burg, South Africa, Lady Clar- enthusiasm. The football umpire, Africa visited the chief in March endon, wife of the Governor who was a mission evangelist, carried and received a royal welcome. General said : "Wayfaring is one a large Bible, as badge of authority, Prince George shook hands with way of learning what God wants and held it aloft as the signal for Tshekedi and his mother, Queen us to do, and remember always, opening play. Between quarters the Semane, whose dramatic appeal that it is not color that counts players stood in line and sang hymns to the king on her son's behalf, with God, but character. Al- or beat drums. brought about his reinstatement. ready a great company having learned in the Way themselves, The spectators sometimes greeted African Girl "Wayfarers" are working to bring Light and the winning team by singing "The Hope and Joy to their own peo- Son of God Goes Forth to War," "Wayfaring" is a movement ple.-E. M. (Schaffer. while the defeated side would be conamong Negro girls in Africa soled with "Art thou weary, art thou somewhat similar to the "Girl -Congo Mission News. languid, art thou sore distressed?" Guide" organization in Europe. The Girl Wayfarers Association Statue of Livingstone -Missionary Herald. is a Christian organization, non- Christian girls not being eligible The big bronze statue of David WESTERN ASIA for membership. The aims are Livingstone which will soon be to help the girls of non-European standing near Victoria Falls is Palestine Becoming Modern races of South Africa to become having its passage guaranteed better Christians by training by the kindly hands of Scots, Norman Bentwich, a Jewish them in habits of truthfulness, and others, out of regard for the writer of Palestine, calls Great obedience, helpfulness, industry work and character of the mi;3- Britain the deliverer of both and courtesy; teaching services sionary whom it represents. The Arabs and Jews from the misand handcrafts useful to others Union Castle Steamship Com- government of the Turks. Here as well as to themselves; pro- pany will carry the statue free to are some of the benefits that moting their physical develop- Beira, and the Rhodesia Rail- came with the British mandate: ment, and making them good ways and the British South Af- Many good roads have been built. home makers, capable of bring- rican Company have agreed Jerusalem has four asphalt roads jointly to bear the cost of rail- radiating from it. Automobiles way transport over the former's are numerous. It took one whole system. It seems probable that day before the World War to the unveiling of the statue may travel the distance which now be arranged for August of this can be covered in one hour. It is year. -L. M. S. Chronicle. possible to motor from Dan to

Beersheba in five hours. Old twice from six o'clock until bed- Assam. Thirty years ago they railroads have been improved time we put the class in charge were head hunters. Now most and new ones have been con- for an entire day. They did of these people have become structed. There are now 774 everything, except teaching the Christians, and the changes miles of railways in Palestine. classes, from ringing the rising which Christianity has wrought A survey has been made for a bell at six in the morning, until among them are marvelous. line to run through the Jordan they rang for lights at nine Their superb music made a deep valley. A railroad has been pro- o'clock that night. They con- impression in all the places they jected to run from Haifa to Bag- ducted prayers, both in the upper visited. Besides singing their dad. Haifa is being made a safe school and in the primary de- own Lushai songs, they rendered harbor for the largest vessels. partment, dismissed classes, selections from classical music, Important sanitary measures proctored study hours, took the such as the Hallelujah chorus have been inaugurated. Malaria girls in to meals, asked the bless- from Handel's Messiah, and is being stamped out by draining ing, kept order in the dining brought fresh spiritual uplift the marshes. There is a cam- room and elsewhere, conducted and encouragement to many who paign against trachoma. Good the recreation period, all with a heard them sing. drinking water is being provided. quiet dignity which made us Jerusalem will have an abundant proud of them. This was not Music for Head-Hunters supply of good drinking water by done by a few outstanding stu- 1935. Civil and religious courts dents, but some part was as- At the meeting of the Naga have been established. There is signed to everyone of the thirty- Baptist Association a former freedom of conscience and wor- five in the class." head-hunter told how the veteran ship. No discrimination exists Dr. E. W. Clark taught the headon account of race, religion or Spiritual Gains in Arabia hunting tribes of Assam to sing language. many years ago. He said: The Arabian Mission, Re- -Presbyterian Advance. formed Church in America, The hymns differed so from our sends this encouraging report: war songs, which were sung in a Twelve Centuries of Depression monotone and accompanied with much The spiritual gains this year have motion, so that it was impossible for The National Council of the been enormous. Let me cite them: us to sing and yet stand still. So Episcopal Church says that in Five adults and two children bap- Dr. Clark devised a simple folk-dance Palestine th'e depression has tized, two or possibly three baptisms to the tune of "Jesus Loves Me" and lasted 1,200 years instead of five, in the near future, earnest enquirers by this method we learned many other and that the need is obvious for in practically every station, good Christian hymns. After a long time restoring spiritual and intellec- news from those who have confessed we learned to stand quietly while we tual life after these centuries of Him, and all of this spread through- sang, and now we are proud of the Moslem domination. In a total out the various stations of the Mis- songs that Jesus has put into our population of something over sion. With the above, we have re- hearts. 1,000,000 there are more than minded ourselves that new territory 90,000 Christians, and the ma- has been reached by missionaries; One of the outstanding feajority of them are of the Eastern Dhofar and Taif by men and Nejd by tures of the Association meeting Churches, Orthodox, Armenian, women for the first time. New build- was the singing of the 3,000 Syrian and others. The Anglican ings have been erected, greater delegates present. group numbers about 5,000. crowds attend preaching services, giv- Episcopal work among all these, ing greater opportunities for the pres- Duel With an Idol with a staff of thirty-five clergy entation of the message. The health and numbers of lay workers, na- of the missionaries has been good on Rev. Clarence Wolsted, of tive and foreign, includes over the whole, insuring a greater continu- Manamadura, South India, tells forty churches and missions, ity of the work. Weare deeply of the picturesque way one bold seven hospitals, fifteen schools. thankful for these manifestations of Hindu convert professed his Work among Moslems is mostly the presence of His Spirit in our Christianity: "Having made his in the initial stage of removing work, and our prayer is that the year decision, Jeyavelu announced It prejudice against Christianity, to come may be another of spiritual to his family and friends. Said largely through medical and edu- progress for all of us. they: 'Some terrible disaster cational work. will come to you. Make peace -Christian Intelligencer. with the gods before they take Student Government in Beirut revenge on you.' INDIA "The American Mis s ion " 'What gods?' asked Jeyavelu. School for Girls has been trying Transformed in Thirty Years They pointed to the idols, wherean experiment," writes O'Hara upon he ran and pushed one over M. Horne in Syria News. "The A singular demonstration of on the ground. The family extop class seemed steady enough, the transforming power of pected to see him struck dead inand after testing them by giv- Christianity was given in some stantly, but nothing happened. ing them charge of the school cities of North India by the visit Evening came and still nothing of a choir composed entirely of happened. The father and Lushai young men and women, mother did not expect their son arranged by the Student Chris- to survive the night. However, tian Movement. The Lushais next morning Jeyavelu was as are a primitive tribe living in the mountainous regions of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

robust as ever. Jeyavelu called have you in your congregation?" are loving to me. My circle of friendon the villagers to leave the use- "Only one at present, but when ship included those of the same mind less stone image and join the and views. But this trip taught me Christians. The villagers re- we had our harvest festival every to love those whose views are diaplied, 'Beware or the terrible seat in the church was full. metrically opposite to mine. To love Karuppanasamy will get you.' When I came to live here I was all at all times has been revealed to the only Christian in the place, me as the true Christian spirit. "'We will try him out,' said and no one would listen to me, Jeyavelu, 'I will go and sleep be- but I thought if the people see Still another was "checked up" side the fierce Karuppanasamy that I build a house for the with this thought: If you had for several nights.. If he is able Christian God they will take no- enough of the love of Christ, you let him kill me.' tice of my message. I shall never would not be irritated. "It took rest till they have found the Lord agony of prayer and thought to "Some Christians feared that Jesus for themselves." see it. It cost much struggle some fanatical Hindu might but oh the joy of surrendering strike a blow in the dark to -The Golden Shore. the irritability to Him who can avenge the god. really take it away! Personally, Harvests in Pasumalai it was easy for me to see that if "But Jeyavelu slept beside the others have enough of the love much-feared idol night after To an outcaste village ten of Christ, they will not be irrinight, proving that idols are only miles from Pasumalai, India, tated but it was hard for me to stone." -Missionary Herald. came a widow who had chosen discover this truth for myself." the Christ-way while living in A Christian Sadhu Ceylon. So devoted and love- CHINA filled was her life that soon A sadhu of Mangalore, a con- twenty others came to the Encouraging Facts vert of the London Missionary church in Pasumalai for bap- Society, has taken the name, tism, saying, "We want the The new Directory of Foreign "Lover of the Cross," and Saviour which she has." About Missions reveals a decided adwanders all over India preach- a dozen of Pasumalai's finest vance of Christian missions in ing the Gospel. He has devel- lads, mostly from high-caste China, especially during the last oped the power of song, and homes, who have lived for sev- two years. It also shows a intersperses his address with eral years now with Christians, marked advance in cooperation. Indian lyrical music. His theme have decided to become Chris- For example, the Church of is the Victorious Life by obeying tians themselves. "We wish to Christ in China is the outgrowth the word of Jesus, to "Love your renounce idolatry," they said, of mission work done by 16 sepenemies, bless them that curse "to worship a god of justice and arate denominations from six you, do good to them that hate love, and to unite with Chris- countries, not including the efyou, and pray for them that de- tians everywhere in following forts of the Chinese themselves. spitefully use you and persecute Christ." -Missionary Herald. In 1932 this body had 821 oryou." He has been tested by per- ganized churches and 1,204 other secution, but holds fast to his Learning Through Fellowship preaching places; 334 ordained message. -Ralph Robertson. Chinese pastors, 1,088 evangel- A Burmese college girl writes istic workers and 120,676 mem- Building for God in Koinonia of what she learned bers. Into the southwestern through the fellowship in the province of Yunnan and into The Bishop of Accra, while Gospel Team. 'Manchuria, or Manchukuo, the resting under a tree, in an iso- Chinese Home Missionary Solated district, noticed a little I am by nature a cheerful person ciety, composed of 100 auxbuilding about ten feet long, with and have no difficulty in getting along iliaries, sends its missionaries. a cross on it. Further inspection with people. But now that I know Ninety-eight per cent of all revealed that this was a church what it is to be in a group, bound to- monies contributed in 1932 came within which was a rough altar, gether in the love of Christ with one direct from the Chinese. a hand-made cross, and three purpos~ne for the others and all little bamboo seats. As the for Christ-I can see that my idea of The Christian Educational bishop stood in the tiny sanc- Fellowship before, was pretty shallow. Association is composed of 11 tuary, a man rushed in, hot and I am now learning to go deeper in fel- provincial education organizadirty. He had heard of the lowship with Christ, and my brothers tions. Its membership is made bishop's arrival, and had come and sisters. Now I know what it is up of educators from almost all from his work on the land to ask to have freedom in Christ. denominations. The Christian for a blessing. Publishers' Association repre- One of the Karen leaders dis- sents 20 separate publishing "And who are you?" asked the covered, as follows: houses. Six of the largest misbishop. sionary societies working. in This Indian tour tested me and China have united to promote "I am the owner of the house," gave me many opportunities to detect economy in financial transache answered, "I built it with my my own defects as a Christian. See- tions, forming the Associated own hands, and I am the leader ing and acknowledging my own faults Mission Treasurers. The Naof the Church." and failures, is half as good as reach- ing the goal. Indeed, "Thy dross to "And how many Christians conSume and thy gold to refine," has come home to me with added force. To be specific, I can love those who

tional Christian Council repre- items, written in legible hand JAPAN-KOREA sents 24 organizations, and in simple language, to be posted equally important are other co- on the walls of village schools or Christianizing a Custom operating groups. Here are churches. These villages have no mail service or newspapers; Typically Japanese is the ansome of the resultant facts: even the teachers and well-to-do cient custom of placing offerings there is one Christian Chinese farmers know nothing of what on the "god-shelf" in memory of to every 1,000 population. Of is going on in the world outside. the departed, and of repeating To combat the evils of drink, the gifts at frequent intervals. the present outstanding Chinese gambling, drugs and the like, and A Christian woman in Sendai, to introduce ideas of hygiene, the whose little daughter died three leaders, one is a Christian to students again jump on their years ago has an offering box in every six non-Christians. And, bikes and pedal forth with which from time to time she as an indirect influence of Chris- charts, books and illustrated lec.; places money she would have tianity, in 1920-21 the Chinese tures. -Missionary Herald. spent for a toy or some other article or entertainment for the people contributed 66 % of the Christian Broadcasting little girl if she had lived. On the anniversary of her daugh- $37,000,000 spent in this great The Chinese Recorder gives an ter's death she presents the account of the opening of a whole amount to the Church as constructive work. Eleven years Christian radio station in Shang- a memorial offering. later, in 1932, the Chinese con- hai. The station is located in the tributed 95 <fa of the $73,000,000 heart of the city, its studio being Children's Bible Clubs spent for famine and flood relief. a part of the Christian Litera- ture Society building. At pres- There are now thirteen Chil- -A. L. Warnshuis. ent, the programs can be heard drens' Bible Clubs in Pyengyang in Shanghai, Hangchow, Ningpo City with an enrolment of about China Inland Development and Soochow. An increase in 1500, with half a dozen addition- power to make these broadcasts al such schools in country places, Since 1927 the establishment available throughout Eastern bringing the total number of of self-governing, self-support- China is to follow. The pro- children enrolled to above two grams are carefully prepared, thousand. The Bible is the basis ing churches has been the basis and include discussions of social of all studies except arithmetic. problems, character building Nature study and First Aid are of all policies of the China In- talks for children, health talks also taught, and there is a daily land Mission. Some dead wood given by mission doctors, short prayer hour. One period a day talks on "World Trends," home is devoted to physical exercise. was cut out, but since then there betterment talks, sermons, perhas been a new spirit manifest. sonal testimonies, and much The leaders of these Bible music. Family prayers are Clubs are students of the Union Today, of thirty-four churches, ten broadcast every morning. Christian College of Korea. Thirty of them direct Clubs are wholly self-supporting while others Toward Self-Support daily and teach in the afternoons and evenings. However, a few are yearly progressing toward this The Episcopal Missionary Dis- clubs are led by the students of trict of Shanghai is undertaking the Boys' Academy, Theological end. On the other hand employed to gradually achieve support of Seminary, and Women's Higher its thirty native clergy, all but Bible School. Some local church workers are comparatively few: the three of whom are supported by young people assist also. the National Council. The diochurches of the whole field are only cese now offers to accept a stead- Rev. Francis Kinsler in writ- ily diminishing amount for this ing of this work says: "News employing twenty-four workers, men work for twenty-five years ac- of what we are doing has spread cording to a carefully worked far and wide and the advertiseand women; of these, fourteen are en- out scale, until, after 1958, the ment thus received is now a bit Chinese work in the diocese will disconcerting. A letter came tirely supported from church funds be self-supporting. The plan as from a distant country town say- worked out is the result of many ing that twelve young boys there and others only partly from foreign years of study in China and in heard of our clubs and wanted the foreign missions department, to make connections with us. sources. It should be added that there and will make it possible for One boy wrote from the far each congregation to do its ut- Northeast, Ham-Kyung Provare a number of voluntary workers most, yet have what it lacks ince, to know the price of board made up from the central fund and room in the Bible Clubs; giving whole or part time in the serv- until full support is reached. two boys put in their appearance from the territory of one of our ice of the church. In the case of one itinerating missionaries, desir- ing to begin study at once. We church, wholly served by voluntary workers, the mission has confidently handed over to it the property in recognition of its spirituality and efficiency. '

-The Chinese Recorder.

School on Wheels "Vaseline, aspirin, castor oil and iodine"-this is not a college yell, just four of the twelve medicines which go into wooden boxes and are carried from Paotingfu School by young men who have successfully completed a course in first aid and lay "doctoring," and who go out during summer vacation to the villages where they vaccinate and give aid to people who receive them hospitably. "Road work" is an effective form of social service, and might be called a "school on wheels." Students use their bicycles to carry important news

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

have requests to begin clubs in is held amid the sipping of Jap- Christians. The past year has Seoul district and in the North anese tea and the munching of been one of organization, and thin wafers, and the speaker h; next will come a constructive Pyeng An Presbyteries."

plied with questions from his program. The account of a re- Memorial to Gospel Ship audience. cent :meeting in Taichu will give Through the sale of the Fu- Here all varieties of political some indication of the kind of kuin Maru, Gospel ship of the belief, from anarchy to fascism, things young people plan to do. have been aired, and here phi- Inland Sea, five new churches Six things are listed as impor- losophies from materialism to tant work for their society are being erected on the islands. the reputed synthesis of Zen to s p 0 n s 0 r. 1. Evangelism; Buddhism and Hegelian idealism Mrs. Topping, daughter of Cap- preaching in city streets and out- have been defended. Usually, lying villages. 2. Religious edutain Luke Bickel who gave his however, the conversation works around to religion where again cation; cooperation with Sunlife for the Islanders, reports day school program, form Bible- many views have been presented. reading groups. 3. Divide into the dedication of the third ~f Strangely e n 0 ugh, although groups for purposes of visiting these churches. Christians came there have been many who were Christian homes; holding cot- tage prayer meetings. 4. Athfor the ceremony from many indifferent to the claims of re- letics; ping-pong, swimming, ligion, and some who were anneighboring islands; many town tagonistic, yet there have been hikes. 5. Music; church choir, none to champion either Bud- village or city street hymn evandignitaries as well. The Secre- dhism or Shinto. The only ear- gelism. 6. Assist in marriage tary of the Japan Baptist Con- nest defender of the former con- cluded his argument saying that and funeral services. vention was there. -The Chinese Recorder. while he was a Buddhist he was Each of the five memorial churches has helped to finance its own construction, and all these funds were secured in less -Missions. than a year.

"Fellowship House,". Kyoto also a Christian. Stamps for Religious Work -The Christian Graphic. North of the campus of Im- The Dutch East Indies Govperial University in Kyo t 0 An Educator's Appraisal ernment has printed a set of ofstands a house with a metal sign ficial stamps for use on letters, bearing the inscription "Fellow- The recent death of Leigh the profit on which goes to the ship House," is open to students Hunt, an educator who organ- Salvation Army for their work daily from ten till ten. Fellow- ized "American Mines of North among lepers and beggar boys ship House is the home of a mis- Korea," recalls his testimony in Java and Sumatra. It is the sionary family of the Presby- printed in the Los Angeles Times first time in history that profits terian Church who have been as- in 1927: from stamps will go to religious signed to work among students. work. There are four stamps in The location is strategic for stu- I am one hundred per cent for the the series, showing the Army at dent contacts, as nine or ten in- missionaries. While I am not in the work in different ways. They stitutions of high school or col- least fitted to appraise the value of are sold at a slight advance on lege rank lie in this neighbor- their religious teachings in these cost, and are cancelled at the hood. The house is built as an oriental countries, I believe I am com- post offices with a stamp urging ordinary missionary home, but petent to express an opinion on the the public to buy "Salvation with a large, double room which general results of their work, as I Army stamps, and so help the serves as library, study, class have had ample opportunity to observe work in our land." room, recreation center and on them in Africa, China and Korea. occasion church and auditorium. Briefly, I respect them as the pioneers -Philippine Evangelist. Many levels of fellowship are of a better civilization in these back- ward countries. It has become quite The Philippine "Code" fashionable for globe trotters to criti- cise the missionaries and to point to them as trouble makers. Rather are they peacemakers as I view them, but known at this house, but the one unfortunately they are often used as a Evangelical churches of the "with the Father, and with his pretext by designing men for making Philippine Islands formed a code Son Jesus Christ" is the high trouble. . . . thirty years before political pargoal which the name suggests. ties ever thought of the idea. Little credit given for their great accomplishments. . . . When the true On the first Sunday of each story of the missionary in the Far This was the "Evangelical Union month a union student worship East is written he will be given credit of the Philippine Islands." The service, organized and conducted for blazing the trails into many wild by the Christian young people places for commerce to sneak in after first missionaries sent to the all danger was past. Philippines, Dr. James B. Rod- of the city working in conjunc- -Korea Mission Field. gers and Dr. David S. Hibbard, tion with the student associa- who arrived in 1899, were soon tions, is held here, and on other ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIO followed by missionaries of sev- Sundays a more informal serv- en denominations from America. ice is held, which takes its name News from Formosa In addition there were two Bible from the fact that after a brief From here and there in dif- Societies and the Y. M. C. A. address usually by an outside ferent parts of Formosa come In 1901 the churches on the speaker, a round table discussion reports of activity among young field formed the Evangelical

Union of the Philippine Islands. et of the S. V. M., (2) The the depression in this country or The preamble states that its pur- Movement's Twelfth Quadren- other circumstances beyond their pose was to secure economy, nial Convention (1935 – 1936) , control. This means care of the comity and efficiency in their (3) Christian Missions Abroad. sick, financial assistance, secur- service for the Kingdom of ing of employment, etc.

Christ in this archipelago." Philanthropy Drops, Relief Maintain relationship with They divided up the islands and Rises government, churches, the "Y"

provinces among the denomina- A "Fund-Raising" firm of con- and civic bodies in behalf of fortions, and gave to each a portion sultants, which keeps a record eign students.

of territory where it alone was of public gifts and bequests for Promote friendship and a responsible for the establish- religious and philanthropic pur- spirit of conciliation between ment of the evangelical faith in racial and nati'onal groups of poses, reports that such gifts in students, and pre-eminently, bethe hearts of the people. Manila 1933 were $6,411,311 as com- tween all foreign students and was necessarily common ground. pared with $14,777,747 in 1932. Americans through discussion groups, forums, and interna- This Union has functioned so Gifts for all forms of philan- tional week-ends in suburban well that practically all evangel- thropy dropped from $176,008,- churches. ical churches at work in the 914 to $142,543.547. Organized Child Labor islands have either united with relief rose, while gifts for eduit or cooperated in a whole- It is estimated that the new cation fell from $59,498,928 to industrial codes have released hearted way. The British and $14,552,988. Bequests far ex- 100,000 children under sixteen Foreign Bible Society turned years from industry. Another over its work to the American ceeded direct gifts. The reports 30,000 boys and girls sixteen to cover New York, Philadelphia, eighteen years have been re- Bible Society, and withdrew for Chicago, Baltimore, Washington the sake of economy and comity. and Boston. The Union is now called the Na- -Christian Advocate. tional Christian Council. moved foom especially hazardous -Presbyterian Advance. For Friendly Relations work. On the other hand, there NORTH AMERICA The years since the foundation are still approximately 240,000 of the Friendly Relations Com- children under sixteen years Cent-a-Meal Plan mittee in 1911 have seen the first working in occupations not cov- This plan, launched early in survey of foreign students in the ered by codes. Those children February by the Student Volun- United States published, the first are employed largely in industeers, has met with enthusiastic guide book for incoming stu- trialized agriculture, such as the response. It offers a unique way dents from abroad prepared, the production of sugar beets, cotof sharing in the cause of mis- plan of special gatherings for ton, tobacco, and truck farm sions. A Texas Student Volun- foreign students by Chambers of products, in street trades, espeteer in sending to headquarters Commerce, civic organizations, cially newspaper selling, and in a list of fourteen Cent-a-Meal and church Federations initiated domestic service. contributors writes: "Most of and national organizations of Following a custom of nearly us in the above list are planning Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Fili- 30 years, January 27-29, "Child to pause for one minute of pino, Latin American, East In- Labor Day" was designated by prayer for missions each time dian and Russian students in the the National Child Labor Comwe drop in a penny." Two Un- U. S. A. developed. The Friend- mittee. ion presidents are putting into ly Relations Committee has also -Watchman-Examiner.

the boxes an additional amount pioneered in holding internation- Methodist Schools equal to every nickel spent on al conferences and institutes, atcandy, movies or other "luxuries." tended annually by more than Dr. Frederick Carl Eiselen, 500 foreign students from 60 Corresponding Secretary of the So many pennies have been countries. Methodist Board of Education, put in the Cent-a-meal boxes of in his annual report gave the latthe United Church of Canada Here are some of the things est student enrolment of Meththat the government has had to odist educational institutions as ask the church officials to release the Committee is doing today: follows: them more frequently. There Provide port service and were not enough left for business Students purposes. Uncle Sam is asked friendly welcome for foreign students in New York, San Universities ……………. 33,177 to mint an extra supply. Almost Francisco and Seattle. Nation- Colleges ……………….. 16,896 a thousand attractive wooden wide plan of field visitation dealboxes have been placed in the Graduate School of Theology. 932 United States, and the money so ing face to face with foreign Junior Colleg-es …………. 631 students, faculty and other lead- Affiliated Colleges ………. 438 Secondary Schools ………. 2,950 ers on all matters affecting the Training- Schools ……….. 308 life of students from other lands. received will be apportioned Unclassified ……………. 41 equally among the following Meet emergency needs of for- Schools for Negroes ……… 2,932 eign students due to disturbed causes: (1) The Current Budg- conditions in their homelands, Total …………….. ~8~05

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Dr. Merrill J. Holmes reports turban and on the turban was a the Horner Institute of Fine that public ,high schools for Ne- blue crescent. Three fezzed gen- Arts in Kansas City, Kansas, but groes are rapidly increasing in tlemen-on their vests the sym- because he was a Negro he was the Southern states. College en- bolic numeral 7 pierced by a not allowed to sit on the platrolment in Methodist schools for crescent – appeared in Mrs. form the day that Henry J. Al- Negroes has increased from 855 Smith-Bey's defense. They took len, Governor of Kansas, dis- in 1923 to 2,699 in 1933. During their oaths not on the Bible but tributed the diplomas. Yet one the past school year there were by Allah, holding up two fingers of his compositions was played 4,018 students enrolled in these of the right hand and five of the on that occasion!

schools, 2,699 of whom were of left. They invoked to their aid The 1930 "Who's Who" in- college rank, 374 in professional the principles of religious liber- cludes the names of 97 Negroes schools, 487 in high school de- ty set forth in the Constitution. who have achieved distinction, partments, and 468 in special -N. Y. Times. and made the world better for courses. having contributed something -The Christian Advocate. Hindu Missions to America toward its advancement. -The Presbyterian. Lutheran Laymen's Movement According to Hinduism, the Indian Contributions Increase benighted condition of the people The Laymen's Missionary of the United States calls for the Notwithstanding the drouth "Ramakrishna Mission of Hin- and grasshopper plague of the Movement of the United Lutheran Church in America, with duism," with India as its head- summer of 1933 and the increasheadquarters in Washington, D. quarters, to maintain ten inde- ing poverty of the Indians in C., has done much to promote pendent mission centers in the South Dakota, the Indian field cities of our land. These centers gave five per cent more last year stewardship education. In fact, that is its major objective. Ex- are to be found in New York than in 1932 for the Episcopal ecutive Secretary Arthur Black (2) , Washington, Providence, Church's program; and its quota payments were proporhas just announced comparisons Boston, Chicago, Portland, Ore., of the total requests for Every- tionately more than the pay- San Francisco, Hollywood and ments in the white field. Member Visitation literature in La Crescenta, Calif. Swani Nik- 1931-32-33. In the first year hilanda, in charge of one of the -The Living Church. 1,821 -pastors out of 3,500 or- New York stations, is authority dered pamphlets. The following for this list of "mission fields." Youth Movement in Canada year there was a slump to -Lutheran News Service. 1,700; but in 1933 – notwith- Believing that something is standing depression conditions- Negro Achievements fundamentally wrong with our 1,878 parishes of the United present human society, religious Lutheran Church gave their peo- Dr. George Washington Car- leaders in the Dominion of Canple promotional literature. ver, once a slave, equipped a lab- ada are launching what is to be oratory at Tuskegee from old known as "The Christian Com- Another work in which the scraps which he rescued from monwealth Youth Movement," Laymen's'Movement takes pride trash heaps; he has made land, which is a carefully planned atis the Student Beneficiary As- which produced a net loss of tempt to band together the older sistance. Eighteen of its boys $16.25 an acre, annually pay a young people in a nonpartisan were graduated from seminaries profit; has made synthetic mar- and undenominational movein 1933. At the close of the year, ble from wood shavings; insu- ment, towards spiritual advancesixteen of them had been placed lating walls for houses from ment. It is announced that this in full-time service in the peanut shells; fertilizer from is not to be a new organization, Church. They came from all sec- the muck of swamps; milk, but- but a social-religious movement, tions of the United States and ter, cheese, candy, instant coffee, having as its objective "a seriare serving both in the United pickles, sauces; oils, shaving lo- ous, adventurous, modern cru- States and Canada. tions, wood stains, dyes, lard, sade to achieve a new society."

Moslem Sabbath Recognized linoleum, flour, breakfast food, There is to be no interference stock foods, face powder, sham- with existing organizations, but Moslem children in the Bronx, poo, printers' ink, axle grease the movement will be an "all- New York, need no longer go to and tan remover from peanuts uniting agency," spiritually, in school on Friday, since a Bronx and 118 products from sweet po- all worthy efforts to make a court has recognized the Mo- tatoes. Christian land. Machinery is to hammedan Sabbath. The deci- Levi Dawson. leader of the be kept at a minimum, and the sion is regarded as a precedent. Tuskegee choir, has lately con- movement is to be fostered and The test case was that of Mrs. signed to Leopold Stokowski, encouraged largely through the Smith-Bey, native of South Car- leader of the Philadelphia Or- churches.

olina, who was charged with chestra, the first symphony ever Observers everywhere point keeping her four children from composed by a Negro writing out that there are two marked school every Friday since Christ- Negro music. Mr. Dawson was developments among young peo- mas. In court she wore a red graduated with first honors by ple in recent years. One is a

very, pronounced dissatisfaction would save Mexico. Once or twice a critical financial situation a with things as they are; the each week there appears in one of the letter was sent to all the other is willingness to enlist largest daily papers in Mexico an churches in South America, wholeheartedly in a movement editorial by an internationally-known which directly owe their foundathat can challenge their enthu- Protestant Mexican in which moral, tion to this Union. The situation siasm and energy. social, educational, even political was explained to them, and questions are discussed from the Scripture was quoted, remind- -Christian Observer. evangelical point of view. ing them that the churches founded in Paul's missionary LATIN AMERICA There seems also among the women journeys had contributed "to the a marked development of interest in necessity of the Saints at J eru- Spiritual First Aid the study of the Bible, evangelism, salem." The spirit shown in the social reforms, the betterment of their response is illustrated in the fol- Seven hundred pounds of homes, and better still, a deepening in lowing letter from an Argentine books were recently sent to their prayer life and a greater sense church: Puerto Rico as the gift of sev- of responsibility for the unsaved. eral pastors and seminary pro- This church has had a special servfessors to Presbyterian pastors -Presbyterian Survey. ice today to give thanks for all the of that island. Thirty-four or- blessings received through the kind dained Presbyterian pastors, all Encouragement from and self-sacrificing brethren in your native born, are in charge of the country during the last thirty years. Presbyterian parishes in the Guatemala Truly God has been with us. We have eastern part of Puerto Rico. been able to carry the Gospel to They are well educated and men- The work of the Guatemala neighboring towns where today there tally alert. In the poverty of Presbyterian Mission was never are flourishing and active churches. their people they share and so prosperous from a spiritual share alike, courageously facing point of view as it is today. Dur- Although our church is passing the problems of sheer existence, ing the Christmas season there through a difficult time financially, in involving constant battling with were over forty conversions in answer to your letter, very gladly and poverty, tropical diseases, illit- three churches of which Rev. with much brotherly love we send toeracy, and religiously under- Paul Burgess has charge. The day to the Treasurer of the Mission privileged areas. Their libraries growth in native leadership is a check for $75. We send this little necessarily are meager, and the keeping pace with the growth in help trusting that the Lord will fill library of the Union Theological numbers. Twenty years ago you with His richest blessing. Seminary at San Juan is itself there were two struggling evansorely inadequate and too remote gelical churches in Guatemala -South America. to be of practical service to its City. Today there are seven. In graduates in the other end of the Quezaltenango there was one. Christ Our Contemporary island. Today there are thirteen. "Jesus Our Contemporary" Ferment in Mexico There is scarcely a section in was a theme which packed a the western part of Guatemala large theater in Lima, Peru, with W. A. Ross, Presbyterian mis- that does not have an evangeli- leading men and women of that sionary in Coyoacan, Mexico, cal Christian on its Board of Al- non-Protestant city. The speakwrites that things are on the dermen, and in several towns er, George P. Howard, native of move in that country, the only there are Protestant mayors. Argentina, spoke in his motherquestion being in what ilirec- tongue, Spanish. A Lima paper, tion? In spite of government at- Montevideo Church Dedicated Inca Land, said of the meeting: tempts to eradicate God from the minds of the people-re- The dedication of Emmanuel Every seat was taken and people newed efforts to this end are be- Methodist Episcopal Church, were standing around the sides and in ing made-the people are think- Montevideo, last December was the aisles nearly half way to the plating and that is a great gain. an event in Uruguayan Protes- form. It was a never-to-be-forgotten tantism. It was built without experience as we looked out over that Wholesome and hopeful cur- expense to the Board of Foreign audience of diplomats, business men, rents are seen in the following Missions, the cost being contrib- university professors and students, instances cited by Mrs. Ross. uted locally. working men, women of every class of society, who were listening, m;any of On New Year's Eve, most of the The service was marked by them for the first time, in conservaevangelical churches were full of wor- the presence of many guests of tive Catholic Lima, to a good oIdshipers, thanking God for blessings honor, including Bishop Juan fashioned Gospel sermon put in modof the year and interceding with Him Gattinoni, Dr. Pacheco, rector ern language so that they understood for larger ones for the year to come. of the National University; of- it. They got a vision of Jesus as the I know of churches that are perfect ficial representatives of the gov- manifestation of God, interested in beehives of activity; I know of a ernment and leading members of every problem of human welfare, and small prayer band that meets almost the Pan-American Conference, possible as a present-day experience daily for intercession for the coming including Secretary Cor del L in the life of every man. It was a far of Christ's Kingdom, of another Hull. All services are in English. different view of Jesus than the ordigroup meeting weekly for the same nary person in this country has, who purpose. A man politically prominent -Christian Advocate. thinks of Him as having been dead declared that Christ and not Lenin all these centuries and as existing Argentina Responds only as an image to be worshiped in musty temples or carried in religious When the Evangelical Union processions. It is impossible to meas- of South America last year faced ure the far-reaching effects of that lecture, but it is certain to open up a new field of work here in Peru.

~' '~

Our Missionary Bookshelf r I Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information i ~,o.=;;;l= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = – = -I~ TlheChristian Message for the World gave Jesus Christ to history in a in the U. S. A. rendered only a To-day: A Joint Statement of the "cooperation" of courtesy, not of World-Wide Mission of the Chris- way in which He gave no other participation, in this "Inquiry." tian Church. 203 pp. $1.50. Round Table Press. New York. 1934. historical figure. In Him the Missionaries of all Boards cor- dially assisted the "Fact-finders" One could not expect unity of Word became flesh, the inter- to find the facts. The volume of thought and aim from a group Regional Reports, apart from pretative, creative Word of God. the "Background," by Dr. Rufus as diverse in their theological outlook as those who are respon- God incarnated Himself in Jesus M. Jones, which was unfor- tunately crowded out from "Resible for this interesting volume. for a redemptive and creative thinking Missions," is chiefly a Nine chapters, by nine authors, recasting of the material in the deal with the Christian message task, so that he was uniquely the Fact-finders' volume, with some additions, and, as little more and how it is to be presented in Son of God. . . . .. Between rea- than an overflow volume for the the world of today and to the Appraisal, is the least valuable mood of our own generation, in son and the Cross there will be of the three volumes in relation to China. the present economic crisis, and an unending conflict. Otherwise, with Communism and Fascism The larger Fact-finders' volbidding for world dominion. the Cross would cease to be the ume shows an immense amount of personal investigation as well The writers are: E. Stanley cross. But when before the as study of the extant literature, J ones, Kenneth Scott Latourette, in which much of the matter can John A. MacKay, Francis J. Mc- Cross stands not a detached be found but only by repeating the research. The collected and Connell, Basil Mathews, Francis spectator, but a man, broken be- collated information thus sup- B. Miller, William Paton, Henry plied is of great reference value, cause he has looked into the not too largely vitiated by at- P. Van Dusen, and Luther Allan tempts at "appraisal." Therein Weigle. abyss of the human heart, his lies the marked contrast with "Re-thinking Missions," the pur- Although in the Foreword we own and others; the words 'Be- posed helpfulness of which has been so largely lost through the have a clear statement of their hold the Lamb of God who tak- permeating evidences that the common ground of faith, the Appraisers w ere qui teas question recurs again and again, eth away the sin of the world' strongly influenced by precon- ceived theories and judgments as as one peruses the book, how far sound as a Gospel of hope." by the Fact-finders' reports and these writers can walk together their own observations. The final chapter on "The before their ways of thought The Fact-finders' volume has part asunder. Their witness Missionary Motive," by E. Stan- deepened the reviewer's impresdoes not entirely agree either as sion that the great mistake of ley Jones, suffers from an inade- the Laymen was the sending of to the purpose of missions, the the second Commission. A colcontent of the message, or the quate conception of the meaning lation and condensation of the Fact-finders' reports, with their goal of history and of redemp- of the Atonement; otherwise it comparatively objective and untion. One of the writers says: prejudiced "findings," would "The appearance of the Church is challenging. The crisis of have done far more to further the cause of missions. At the Universal does not await either missions and of God's judgment same time the Fact-finders' rea catastrophic apocalyptic event ports are manifestly prejudiced in the world today are indeed or the birth of an organizational genius." We can do it ourselves, inescapable. One wonders, howif we will! In the chapter on The Purpose of Missions we have ever, whether the striking symonce more the theology of "Rethinking Missions" presented in bol on the jacket of the book a diluted form. One could not represents a red and rising, or wish for a stronger presentation a lurid and a setting sun. "We as to the heart of the message than that by Dr. John A. Mac- must work while it is day, for Kay on "The Gospel and Our Generation." He says: "God the night cometh when no man can work." S. M. ZWEMER.

China: Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry Supplementary Volumes ii and iii. Edited by Orville A. Petty. 8 vo. pages 225 and 725. $1.50 each. Harpers. New York, 1933.

Volume ii consists of Regional Reports of the Appraisal Com- mission, and volume iii com- prises the digested material provided by the "Fact-finding experts" who preceded the "ap- praisers." In view of the some- what ambiguous language used in both volumes, it should be said again that the "seven Boards"

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REvmw pubH"hers on receipt of price.

[ 253 ]

against the "conservative" and freshing because it gives a vivid tional life of India," and as one the "traditional"; they give too picture of a· wholesome moun- whom "succeeding generations much weight to testimony from tain girl carried off by raiding will rise up and call ….. blessed. certain critical sources; they do soldiers without descending into A great religious leader . . . . . . a not make a just allowance for unnecessary realism. The plot true patriot ….. a symbol …. . hampering conditions and inade- is exciting enough to satisy a representative of India's right quate force and funds and they young people with its commu- to the fullest freedom." offer "counsels of perfection." nist plots and its bandit in- While removing the myth of Yet the volume contains many vasions, yet it makes one under- Christian allegiance from Mr. valuable papers, such as those on stand without explanations why Gandhi, whose true Hindu status the Inquiry as a whole, Major China is in chaos today. One is clearly presented, the biog- Problems of China Evangeliza- closes it with the impression that rapher admits him to be in many tion, Church and Mission, the with the fine idealism that is at respects "a follower of Jesus Missionary, Relations with Gov- work the forces of good will win. Christ as a 'teacher from God'" ernments, Rural Reconstruction, The book ends a little abruptly. and a man whose religion might Industrial Problems, Leadership, There are situations one would be called "Christianized Hindu- Education, Religious Education, have liked to have seen carried ism." In a revealing letter Medical Missions, and China's farther and it lacks a bit of the (printed in facsimile) from Women and Work for them. In charm of Lady Fourth Daughter, Mahatma Gandhi to Mrs. Chiswiftly changing China, .statis- Mrs. Brewster's Mission Study tambar, giving reasons why he tics rapidly lose value, but there Book, but her characters are still remains a Hindu, are three is much in this volume which real. The book is valuable to challenging questions: "Why do will not prove ephemeral. everyone who wishes to under- you think that an orthodox C. H. FENN. stand China. The reviewer is glad to have read it. Hindu cannot follow out the Ser- The Protestant Churches and the In- mon on the Mount?" "Are you dustrial Crisis. By Edmund B. JEAN C. CORRAN. sure of your knowledge of an Chaffee. 8 vo. $2. Macmillan. New orthodox Hindu ?" "Are you York. 1933. Mahatma Gandhi, His Life, Work sure that you know Jesus and and Influence. By J ashwant Rao his teachings?" This book is a challenge to the Church to study the industrial Chitambar. 266 pp. $2.00. Wins- Mahatma Gandhi has done ton. Philadelphia. 1933.

conditions and to apply the Gos- This account of the outstand- much to bring Jesus' teachings pel of Christ to their betterment. ing Indian character is so read- into world prominence. As The Labor Temple, New York, is able, so full of the rapid move- Bishop Chitambar says: "His in the center of industrial unrest ment of current happenings, that acknowledgment of his indebtedand is the subject of criticism one reads on unaware of the ness to the Christian religion because of the radical and even clock. It is a fair and accurate should act as a stimulus to the atheistic element that is per- account of the stirring activities Christian workers to make Jesus mitted there to express opinions of India's greatest leader, com- Christ and His teachings known and to carryon propaganda. ing from the pen of a Christian everywhere." The attitude of The pastor of the Temple doubt- nationalist who is the first Indian the Christian Church should be less makes mistakes of judgment Methodist Bishop, a much loved one of friendliness towards the and in the lack of evangelistic figure to many also in America. Mahatma and the Nationalists. preaching but he writes with Dr. Chitambar makes frank Moreover Mr. Gandhi's emphasis understanding and sympathy avowal of his conviction that on religion will help to meet the gained from his knowledge of India's political future lie s wave of materialism and secularthe industrial problems. His within the British connection, ism now in evidence in India. twelve chapters deal with the re- with responsible self-government ,Dr. Chitambar finds in -this lation of religion to economics, on a dominion basis. But the unique Hindu's life-work and the unemployment and crime. The author shows that he is com- new spirit abroad in India a author's view of the Kingdom of pletely sincere in his devotion to challenge to the C h r i s t ian God is social and economic rather India's welfare and in his ad- Church "to demonstrate by her than based on individual regen- miration for Mahatma Gandhi. life that in Jesus Christ India's eration but he points out the In his preface he says: "I lay problems will find their solution need to manifest Christian love this biography of her selfless son and that the Christian religion and sacrificial service. But the as a humble tribute at the feet both satisfies and works ….. . Cross of Christ is the manifesta- of Mother India." This is the time to move fortion of God and the Way of Life. Bishop Chitambar's estimate ward."

Maidee of the Mountains. A Story of of the man and his work is one In the final chapter on "The Present Day China. By Mary of discriminating admiration. Brewster Hollister. 153 pp. $1.50. Admitting that Mr. Gandhi's po- Indian Outlook," Dr. Chitambar reveals his concern for the ex- Revell. New York. 1933. litical plans have ended in com- ample set by the West. "What "Maidee of the Mountains" is parative failure, he nevertheless the world needs today is not a refreshing book. Moreover it hails him as one who has "made more battleships and airships, is intensely interesting. It is re- an indelible impress on the na- but more friendships." He

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

pleads that in the "Land of the tached to each chapter are ex- city of 150,000, and the terminus Free," the colored races shall ceedingly rich. Comparatively of an important caravan route "enjoy the public privileges and little space is devoted to Chris- from Lhassa, the Tibetan capbenefits which are his by right tian missions and little to the ital. Here he made many of his character and citizenship." Boxer Uprising, or even to Sun friendly contacts with peoples Yat Sen and his reform move- who could not be reached Christian missionaries in Asia ment. We might have expected through the Chinese language. will be grateful for the further each of these topics to be dealt There were Mongols coming on evidence of this book that Chris- with more fully on account of tian leaders in the younger their influence on Chinese life pilgrimages to the famous Kumchurches are no less ardent and history. A tremendous bum monestary; wealthy Mopatriots than are the leaders of amount of valuable information the older indigenous religions; has, however, been collected, hammedan traders from Kansu; and that the sacrificial message skillfully arranged and packed and chiefly Tibetans whose exof the Cross has awakened new into small space. For the genmultitudes in India. eral reader and any who desire tensive lamasaries surround the a reliable introduction to things city – Sining, known as "The B. C. HARRINGTON. Chinese, these volumes will take the place of Dr. S. Wells Wil- Door of Tibet." The author The Chinese – Their History and liams' "The Middle Kingdom"- Culture. By Kenneth Scott Latour- long the most reliable and com- writes: "I had noticed the Tib- ette. 2 vols. Maps. 8 vo. 506 prehensive work on China and etans, going and coming, but be- and 389 pp. $7.50. Macmillan. the Chinese, in English, but now yond gifts of Christian literature New York. 1934. out of date. in their own language nothing These are two unusual vol- Dr. Latourette's valuable vol- was being done to bring the Gosumes of an unusual race. The umes are too condensed to be in- Chinese and their history are teresting reading but they are pel to them." It was with this unique and wonderfully interest- rich in information. Many of burden on his heart that Mr. ing-and perplexing. Like their the facts-as to dynasties, his- Learner went on furlough to picturesque and difficult lan- torical events, divisions and deguage they need a skilled inter- velopment might be made more England where he presented the preter, and they have this in Dr. easily accessible in charts. There need and opportunity so effec- Latourette, the Willis James are almost no annotations giving Professor of Mis s ion sand authorities for statements but tively that he returned with Oriental History of Yale Uni- these will be found in the text funds for a Gospel Inn at Sining versity. Formerly he was a mis- and may be looked up in the sionary in China and later edu- bibliographies. The index is and permission to devote himcational secretary of the Student very complete and sixteen pages self to work for the Tibetans in Volunteer Movement. A pre- are devoted to proper names and their own language. vious volume, "The History of Chinese words with their corre- Missions in China" gave us the sponding Chinese characters- This small book makes no premost complete and up-to-date valuable only to students of Chi- tensions to literary style but it is and the sanest record of the nese. The outline map in Vol- clearly and interestingly writ- Christian movement in China ume II shows only the political and now these two monumental boundaries and divisions, the ten, containing information volumes give a clear and reliable principal rivers and railroads, about this remote people and picture of the Chinese. The first the Grand Canal and a very few volume deals with the people leading cities. their strange customs. The themselves, their home, their author shows a real appreciation origin, their history from 221 As the reader studies this his- B. C. to 1933 A. D. The second tory and culture of the Chinese, of the personalities residing in volume takes up their racial he is impressed by their remarkcharacteristics, the i r govern- able character and is filled with these unwashed nomads, clad in ment, their economic and social hope for the future. sheep skins worn fur-side in, life, their religion, art, lan- "and verminous withall"; their guages, dialects, education and Rusty Hinges. A story of doors being faces reeking with the rancid literature. The whole study is opened in N. E. Tibet. By Frank a masterpiece-accurate, up-to- Doggett Learner, F. R. G. S. 150 butter as protection against the date, interpretive and well writ- pp. 28. China Inland Mission, Lon- cold. Their ready hospitality ten. In such a condensed record don, and Philadelphia. 1933. of facts there is little room for enabled him to know them intithe personal narratives and inci- The China of the missionary's mately, as he sat with them dents that add human interest. labors is Tsinghai, an adminis- The author has evidently done trative area founded in 1928 out around the tent fires, drinking an immense amount of work in of parts of North Tibet and buttered tea, thrusting his hand research, and the bibliographies West Kansu provinces, with its of Chinese and foreign books at- provincial capital at Sining, a into the common pot for the in- evitable mutton stew, and sleep- ing on the tent floor with the family at night.

Mr. Learner writes not solely as a missionary but also as a traveler in an unfamiliar part of the world. One chapter tells of a trip to KokoNor, the beautiful inland sea into which seventy- two rivers drain their waters, making the exploring of its sur- roundings a task not to be lightly undertaken. Another chapter describes the two great religious festivals held yearly at the

. famous Kumbum Monastery, the lay them aside without reading them The Day's Worship. Edited by to the end, because he is m;ade to feel, Charles B. Foelsch. 16 mo. 385 pp. Devil Dance and the curious as never before, his worthlessness and 75 cents. United Lutheran Publica- helplessness-the worthlessness even tion House. Philadelphia. 1933. Butter Festival for which the of the best that he thinks and does. Not only the sinner but the righteous These excellent devotional idols, great and small, are man is brought to judgment and must readings include Scripture pas- cry for mercy. Therefore the reader sage, comment and prayer for formed of the always useful and may say to himself: "Can I do noth- every day in the year. Each ing that is acceptable to God? Noth- day's selection will take less than plentiful butter. The Tibetan's ing that is worth while? Does not five minutes to read but the re- this lead to hopeless despair? Am I sult may make an eternal differreputation for being the most re- not robbed of all power of moral en- ence. The daily readings are deavor?" grouped under general headings ligious people in the world is for each week – The Eternal That is precisely the effect that the God, Salvation, Providence, Sin, well shown, not only by their preachers intend to produce in the Conscience, the Atonement, reader or the hearer. For man must Prayer, Meekness, Christmas, long and difficult pilgrimages to be overcome, humbled to the dust, be- etc. All are Biblical, reverent, fore God can lay hold of him, lift him practical. An index shows the various lama-services, where the up, mould him; to and for His eternal many authors of the comments purpose. -mostly American Lutherans. rapid turning of prayer wheels It is good to see the Barthian New Books may win them untold merit, but theology at work in this way in actual evangelization, but one Civilization of the' Old Northwest. every act of every day, in tent feels that there is more to the Beverley W. Bond, Jr. 543 pp. Gospel than here appears, more $3.50. Macmillan. New York. or saddle, is performed to the joy and freedom and fellowship, and one turns again to the The Church Looks Ahead..Edited by constant accompaniment of their wealth of the New Testament Chas. O. Schofield. 400 pp. $3.00. and its fulness of life and truth, Macmillan, New York. one prayer formula, "Om maui as from shadows to sunlight. padme hum," as the rosary beads Kidnapping the Constitution. Lucy R. E. S. W. Peabody. 110 pp. N. A. Lindsey slip ceaselessly through their & Co. Marblehead, Mass. Sangre Judia. By W. M. Montano. fingers. 82 pp. Lima, Peru, San Agustin. The Larger Parish-A Movement or 1933. an Enthusiasm. Edmund deS. With this natural religious- Brunner. 95 pp. 50 cents. Insti- This remarkable little book, tute of Social and Religious Reness, Mr. Learner found his by a Bolivian writer and pub- search. New York. lisher, Dr. Walter M. Montano, Tibetan friends disposed to is called forth by the recently The Trail of Life in the Middle renewed Jewish question in Ger- Years. Rufus M. Jones. 250 pp. listen with interest to the Gospel many. The author looks upon $2.00. Macmillan. New York. the Jews as God's "chosen peostory, as they heard it from ple" and approaches his subject Annals of an Indian Parish. Stephen from the Biblical standpoint. Neill. 68 pp. Is. Church Missiontheir host in the hospitable at- He gives a history of Jewish per- ary Society. London. secutions throughout the world mosphere of the Gospel Inn; and and shows that they were fore- "Lu Taifu." Charles Lewis, M.D. told in Holy Writ. He devotes Robert E. Speer. 216 pp. $1.00. many were quick in recognizing considerable space to the Zion- Board of Foreign Missions, Presby- istic contentions, to which he terian Church, U. S. A. New York. the better way even when not at seems sympathetic, and also treats of the final judgment, the The Pilgrim Path: A Story of an once prepared to break with the Coming of the Messiah, the African Childhood. Godfrey Calla- Israelitic Restoration, the hope way. 153 pp. S. P. G. London. old. of the Liberator. He closes with a prayer to Christ, as follows: The Eclipse of Christianity in Asia: The author's expressed aim is "Blessed Christ, my eternal From the Time of Mohammed Till King, lead me by the hand to that the Fourteenth Century. Laurence "to create a keen missionary place of everlasting splendor, the E. Browne. 198 pp. lOs. 6d. Cam- home of Thy Father, which Thou bridge University Press. London. interest in the mysterious land hast promised to Them that are Thine, saying, 'Let not your India and Oxford: Fifty Years of the of Tibet." ALICE FENN. heart be troubled, ye believe in Oxford Mission in Calcutta. 79 pp. God, believe also in me. . . . .. I Is. S. P. C. K. London. Come Holy Spirit. By Karl Barth am the Way, the Truth and the and Eduard Thurneysen. 287 pp. Life; no one cometh to the Fa- "To What Purpose?" Matshal Broom- $2. Round Table Press. New York hall. Illus. 88 pp. Is. C. I. M. City. 1934. ther, but by me.' " London.

It is not clear whether all the THEODORE BENZE. Japan Illustrated. Illus. 958 pp. Y15. sermons gathered in this book Nippon Dempo News Agency. were by Barth, selected and ar- Tokyo. ranged by Thurneysen, or whether some of the sermons are Suggested Methods for the African Thurneysen's, as is probably the School. Harold Jowitt. Illus. 304 case. As President Richards, pp. 6s. Longmans, Green. London. one of the translators points out, all represent the Barthian school. He says: The sermons are not popular, clever, eloquent pulpit discourses such as the modern audience is accustomed to hear and to applaud …… They cannot be easily cOllljprehended, because they are so different in form and content from any sermons that have ever been published in this or any other age. They must be read and pondered again, until the truth in them becomes spirit and life in the reader.

The aim of the sermons is to give God's answer to man's primary needs -his deep, inward, spiritual needswhich must be satisfied before any other needs can be satisfied. The sermons, therefore, do not soothe or please or flatter the reader. He may

China's Geographic Foundations: A 5 NEW AND SECOND-HAND

Survey of the Land and Its People. THEOLOGICAL BOOK George B. Cressey. Illus. 423 pp. $4.00 McGraw-Hill. New York. LARGEST STOCK IN AMERICA. Over half a million THE- OLOGICAL BOOKS. Classified by subject. CATALOGUES The Dutch East Indies: Its Govern- free. Correspondence and "Want Lists" invited. ment, Problems and Politics. Amry Vandenbosch. Map. 385 pp. $3. Please Mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. Erdman. Grand Rapids. SCHULTE'S BOOK STORE The Empty Quar.ter: The Great South Desert of Arabia Known as Rub' al Obituary Notes Mrs. Thomas Moody, for forty- Khali. H. St. J. B. Philby. Illus. four years an American Baptist mis- 457 pp. 218. Constable. London. Robert A. Long, lumberman and sionary in the Belgian Congo, died on philanthropist, of Kansas City, Mo., November 17th just as she and Mr. Tanganyika and Its Future (World died after an operation on March Moody were about to leave the field Dominion Survey Series). Julius 15th at the age of eighty-three. Mr. and to retire from active service. In Richter. 112 pp. 38. 6d. cloth; 28. Long was president of the American the past thirteen years more than 6d. paper. Christian Missionary Society, the 10,000 Africans in this mission have Brotherhood of Disciples of Christ, been won to faith in Christ. The Republics of South AmeriCL the Christian Board of Publications Ke~eth Grubb. 153 pp. 38. Royal and a trustee of Bible College of Mis- *** InstItute of International Affairs. souri. He gave at one time over a London. million dollars to the Christian Mis- Rev. William Ellsworth Strong, sionary work of the Disciples of D.D., for 24 years a secretary of the {odem Samoa: Its Government and American Board of Commissioners for Changing Life. Felix M. Keesing. Christ. **• Foreign Missions, died March 7th aft.. 50.6 pp. 168. Allen and Unwin. er a long illness. Dr. Strong began London. The Rev. Dr. James Boyd Hunter, work with the A. B. C. F. M. in 1907 since 1920 editor of The Christian In,.. following his father, Dr. E. E. Strong. Taming Philippine Headhunters: A telligencer, New York, died of a heart He was editor of the Missiona7'1l Study of Government and of Cul- attack at his home in River Edge, Herald, then editorial secretary, then tural Change in Northern Luzon. N. J., on March 18. foreign secretary. His book "The Felix M. Keesing and Marie Kees- Dr. Hunter was born in Scotland, Story of the American Board" is rec- iug. 288 pp. 108. 6d. Allin & Un- on April 5, 1863, and was brought to ognized as the official record of the win. London. the United States at the age of 4. He first 100 years of its work. was graduated at Princeton in 1889, West African Culture. O. T. Faulkner and from the Union Theological Sem- **• and J. R. Mackie. 168 pp. 88. 6d. inary in 1892. Cambridge University Press. Lon- After holding various pastorates in President Gintaro Daikuhara of don. New York and in Jersey City he be- Doshisha University, died on Friday, came editor of the official weekly of March 9, at the Prefectural Hospital, South and East African Year Book the Reformed Church in America. Kyoto, after an appendicitis opera~ and Guide, 1934. Edited by A. S. ••• tion. and G. G. Brown. Atlas. 1193 pp. Miss Ella Cecilia Shaw, who died 28. 6d. Low. London. in Nanking, China, December 22, President Daikuhara was born on 1933, at the age of seventy-one, went January 4, 1869, in Nagano Piefec- Jesus Christ and World Evangeliza- as a missionary of the Methodist ture, he was the son of Shinichi and . tion. Mis s ion a r y Principles: Church in 1887. Her first interest was was later adopted by Koichi Daiku- direct evangelism for women. In city hara. He was graduated from the Christ's or Ours? Alexander Mc- and country, she spent the best years Agricultural College, Tokyo Imperial Leish. 188 pp. 28. and 38. Lutter- of her womanhood going from village University, in 1894; appointed Engi- worth Press. London. to village, taking a Bible woman with neer of the AgriculturalExperitn~ntaI her, but always herself teaching from Station in 1895; Lecturer of the Ag- The Use of Material From China's house to house, and praying in the ricultural College, Tokyo Imperial , Spiritual Inheritance in tbe Chris- homes of the people. She was the sis- University, 1909; became Professor ter of Dr. W. E. Shaw, member of the of the Kyushu Imperial University in tian Education of Chinese Youth: Methodist Board of Foreign Missions. 1921 and the President in 1926-1929. A Guide and Source Book for Chris- He was elected president of the tian Teachers in China. Warren Doshisha on November 1, 1929, thus Horton Stuart. 202 pp. Oxford succeeding Joseph Hardy Neesima, , University Press. New York. the first president and found~.

The Doctor Abr:;oad: The Story of W'inona Lake School ff Theolc-g the Medical Missions of the London WINONA. LAKE, INDIANA. Missionary Society. Ernest H. Jeffs. Illus. 80 pp. lB. Livingstone Evangelical, Scholarly, InterdenolDinationai Press. London. COURSES: Old Testament (Isaiah). Engli.h New Teltament (Romani. Gal.). Church History; CcI__ Religious and Cosmic Beliefs of Cen- paratiTe Religions and Mi••ions, Ministerial and Church Efficiency, Greek New Tatalllent. tral Polynesia. 2 Vols. R. W. Wil- liamson. 309 pp. 258. Cambridge Two Semesters of 15 Days each: July 5 to Aug. '11 University Press. London. Work leading to regular Theological Degrees. The Living Religions of the Indian People. N. Macnicol. 108. 6d. Stu- For Ministers, Teachers, Mi••ioDllriea aDd Laymea dent Christian Movement Press. London. Almost a 1C0re of state. (beside foreign countries). and an equal number 01 chore.

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Win the MOSLEM

BY USE OF THE GOSPEL IN PRINT The Good News of Christ, interpreted to Moslems through the Christian Life and literature, is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard the Gospel in Egypt Syria 1r.1e Chine Pem. Jav. Morocco P.lestine Indi. Sum….. AI,ien Turkey M.laysi. South A&lc:a Tunis Ar.bi.

Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the Reid.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President n Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, of N~ York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Dr. James untine, Corresponding Secretary Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.O., General Secretary Miss May S. Blanvelt Dr. John H. Raven Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.O. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Rev. Thomas S. Oonohugh Wilbert B. Smith Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.O. Mrs. J. M. Montgomery John W. Wood, O.C.l.

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THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA The home mission topic is up to date and will be dealt with in our JUNE number and will include articles, illustrations and statistics concerning Chinese, Japanese. Koreans, Filipinos and East Indians in America. Among these articles are the following: Who Are the Orientals in America-A. W. Palmer Intimate GIimpaes of Chinese in America-PhilipF.Pa,ne Oriental Viewlof American Life-Various Orientals Oriental Students in United States-ehas. D. HU7Te:Y How Can We Understand Orientals 7-Chas. R. Shepherd Some CInistian Orientall in America-Various Authors Outstanding Work for Orientals-Various Authors CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN, TODAY AND TOMORROW The foreign study topic is most timely and interesting and will occupy our October number. Among the subjects to be discussed there are the following: The lnOuence of Christianity in Japan-S. H.Wainright Some Outstanding Japanese Christians-H. W. M,e-rs Japan—A Problem or a Challenge-chas. W. Iglehart Present-Day Religioll in Japan-A. K. Reischaue-r AJapanese View of Christian MiuioDl-E. C. Hennigar Christ and the Yoath of Japan-W. C. LAmott Order Your Copies in Advance-NOW! 25 Cenl3 a Copy, $20.00 per hundred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY Third and Reily Streets I: Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1927

OCTOBER, 1927

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DEPT. No. 20 '~"'- NEW YORK ~e MOSLEM WORLD A Quarterly Review of current events, literature, and thought among Mohammedans and the progress of Christian Missions in Moslem lands.

Edited by REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S.

cA.sodate EditOT.

PR.OF. D. B. MACDONALD, D.D., Hartford, Conn. REV. MURRAY T. TITUS, B.Litt., India CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNJ:R, B.A., Cairo MR. MARSHAI..[' BROOMHALL, London REV. H. U. WEITBR~CHT STANTON, London REv. E. M. WHERRY, D.D., India PROF. WM. G. SHlU.I.ABnAR, D.D .• Hartford, Conn. PROF. ARTHUR JEFFERY, Cairo, Egypt PROF. S. RALPH HARLOW, Northampton. Mass.

T HE Moslem World was founded in 1911 to follow up the work of the conferences on evangelization of Moslems, held at Cairo in 1906 and at Lucknow in 1911. It is unique in its outlook, at once on phases and conditions of contemporary Islam, and on the missionary work of all sections of the Christian Church among Moslems, WHAT SOME READERS SAY "THE MOSLEM WORLD is the best source of information in the English language with regard to religious movements among the Mohammedan peoples and with regard to Christian Missions to Moslems. It deals with the literature that relates to Islam and Irslamic ,Peoples _and it is indispens- able to all those who arc interested in their evangelization. Its attitude wlth reference to the world's need of Christ and the sufficiency of the Christian Gospel is unwavering but it deals with the great issue of Islam and Christianity with Christian kindness and goodwill."-RoBERT E. SPEER, D.D., Secretary Board Foreign Missions Presbyterian Church~ U. S. A.

"THE MOSLEM WORLD is indispensable for all friends of foreign missions who wish to remain in touch with the rapid and kaleidoscopic changes among the two hundred and thirtYMfour millions of Moslems. There is at present no livmg person commanding such worldMwide and intimate knowledge of the problems connected with the Moslem world as tho editorMinMchief of this Quarterly." -DR. JULIUS RICHTtR, D.O., Professor of Science of Missions, University of Berlin.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., 156 Fifth Ave., New York City Price in U. S. A., $2.00 or 50 cents per copy; in Britain, 8s. per annum. or 2s. per copy Please menUon THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJitor CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER, 1927 Page FRONTISPIECE …… CENTRAL A}'RIC'A MISSION FIELD OF THE LATE DAN CRAWFORD MOSLEM LIFE IN RUMANIA AND BULGARIA …………SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 725 A report of observation;; and information gathered on a reolmt tour in South· oostern Europe. Some revelations of the prevalence ot Islam in the Balkan States. TRE CEASEL,ESS INNER URGE …………………………… S. D. GDRDON 732 A strikim,g study of the motive and power of the Christian missionary. enterprise as viewed by the author of the famous" Quiet Talks." WRY CHRISTIAN MISSIONS~ …………………….. P. WHITWELL WILSON 737 The authw of "The Christ We Forget" and other well-known volumes, gives reasons why Chris·tian mis8ionary alJtivity hoUls 81Lch an important and essential prave in the work of the Christian Church. SEVENTEEN YEARS IN THE PERSIAN GULF ……………. C. S. G. MYLREA 743 One of tke well·known missionaries of the Reformed Church tells of his experienoes among fanat;;oa~ anti-Christian Arabs ana shows the opportu.nities for in{})'ease-a missionary eilart. MOHAMMED AND THEOPHOLIS …………………….. OALVIN K. STAUDT 747 The head o<f a Christian boys' ..chool in Mesopotamia giv'es some interesting experiences in dealing with Mohanumedan boys. A FOCAL POINT FOR MOSLEM SEEKERS …………………… E. E. ELDER 749 A mil8sionary too.oher in aairo desoribes the influence of a Christian schoo~ ana: the seO/J'oh of followers of Mohantmed fot' the truth. TESTS OF SPIRITUAL LIFE ……………………… SADHU SUNDAR SINGH 751 The famous Indian Christian" holy man" expresses in Orilmtal style his interpre· tation of Christian truth. A GREAT AFRICAN CHRISTIAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. W. FEET 753 A sket"" of the life and work of J. E. K. Aggrey, one Of the most intelligent and outstandmg of African Christians who won honot's in American universities. AN EXPERIMENT IN AFRICAN EDUCATION ………………… F. W. COBB 755 The story of the purpose and: progress of the ed,ueationa~ institution in West· Africa to which Dr. Aggrey intended to devote his life. AMONG THE MEIXICANS IN TEXAS …………….. .TOSEPH MARTIN DAWSON 757 A picture of conrlcitions on the American side of the Rio Grande, showing the need and opportunities for evange1ical work. WALDENSIAN CHURCHES IN SICILy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. S. GOODMAN 759 ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON AND MISSIONS …………….. . .T. W. BURTON 761 TAKEN FOR KIDNAPPERS ………………………………. H. J. SHEET'S 764 BEST METHODS FOR USING MISSION STUDY BOOKS .MRS. DAN B. BRUMMITT 765 A MISSIONARY HIS'l'ORY TEST ON MOSLEM LANDS …… BELLE M. BRAIN 770 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN . . . . . . . EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN! 771 WOM'AN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …… EDITED BY ELLA D. MAOLAURIN 774 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………………………… 776 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………………………………….. 793 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, liD cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published mont~ly. Copyrighted, 1927, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All l'l.ghts reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc, Robert E. Speer. President Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication om••, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Omce. 156 l"lttl> Avenue. Pa.. 25c" COPy. $2.50 a year. New York City Entered aa second-class matter at the Poet omce. Harrisburg, Pa.. under Act or March 3. 1879. PERSONALS DR. WILFRED GRENFELL of Labrador has Quadruple Dividends been made lly IGpg George of England a knight of the order of St. Michael and St. FROM George. Annuity Agreements * CASH DIVIDENDS-To the donor during life. DR. WILLIAM R. KING, formerly pastor of an important church in St. Lonis and re- Based on age when gift is made. cently district secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian SPIRITUAL DIVIDENDS-To Ihe donor during life. Church, has recently accepted the position "It is more blessed to give than to receive." of execntive secretary of the Home Missions CASH DIVIDENDS-To tbe project named by Ihe Council with offices at 105 E. 22nd Street, New York. donor.

* Any regular missionary work may be supported. RT. REV. PETER TRIMBLE ROWE, D.D., Bishop of Alaska, unable to await the government boat for the Arctic, made the trip to Tiagara from Nome and return by airplane for the visitation of missions.

~ SPIRITUAL DIVIDENDS-To tbe people reached as a result of your gift. THE REV. CHARLES E. VERMILYA, who was formerly superintendent of frontier work The life that is brought to Christ in the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home is the great dividend. Missions, and recently secretary of the Home Missions Council, has been appointed ex- For further informati"n write ; ecutive secretary of the New York State Council of Churches. His office is 105, East Morna W. Ehnes, Treasurer. Board 01 For. Twenty-second Street, New York City. agD Mi.lions 01 the Methodist Epitcopal Church, * 150 Filth Avenue, New York. N. Y., or MRS. DOUGLAS THORNTON, whose late hus- W. J. Elliott, Treasurer. Board 0/ Home Mi•• band was once a leader in the British Student Movement and a C. M. S. missionary .ionl and Church Extension "I the Methodist Episco. to Egypt, has been appointed a full secre- pal Chwch. 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa. tary by the Church Missionary Society-the first woman to be called to such a position.

OBITUARY first Protestant church in Alaska, and was the author of "Alaska Days with John DR. GEORGE E. KING, head of the Borden Muir," "Adventures in Alaska, " and" The Memorial Hospital at Lanchow, KansuProv- Klondike Klan" and other volumes. His inee, China, and son of a veteran mission- autobiography is now in the hands of Flemary of the China Inland Mission, was ing H. Revell Co. drowned while fleeing, with fellow missionaries, on rafts from Lanchow. * * WILLIAM MOQUERE, a converted safe cracker and, for about twenty years, an REV. WILLIAM T. ELSING, D.D., an au- earnest Christian worker and superintendent thority on City Missions and for forty years of the McAuley Cremorne Mission of the pastor of De Witt Memorial Church, New National Bibt'e Institute, died suddenly of York City, nntil his retirement a few years heart disease on September 5th. ago, died in Merano, Italy, early in August, aged seventy-six years. COMING EVENTS * Octobe,. 4th to 6th-The Missionary Edu- eation Movement is to hold an important REV. S. HALL YOUNG, D.D., for nearly conference on Mission Study at Pocono fifty years a Presbyterian missionary in Manor, Pa. Alaska, died as the result of a trolley accident near Clarksburg, West Virginia, on ** September 2nd, 1927. Dr. Young would have been eighty years old on September The annual meeting of the Interdenomi- 12th. He was born in Butler, Pa., and at- national Council on Spanish-Speaking Work tended the University of Wooster, and will be held in San Antonio, Texas, from Princeton Theological: Seminary. Nearly December 14-18, 1927. fifty years ago, he was married to Miss Fannie E. Kellogg in Sitka. He was the Preparations are now being made in Engcompanion of John Muir, the naturalist, and land and America for the celebration of the in the gold rush to the Klondike in 1898, Three Hundredth Anniversary of the birth and carried on his missionary work by of John Bunvan in 1928. The American canoe and dog team to many settlements Tract Society' expects, as a part of its plan in this vast territory. He organized the for the celebration, to raise a fund of $25, 000 to print new editions of "Pilgrim's Progress" in many languages.

PI."… mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In wrIting to advertIsers. o BELGIAN CONGO ~ LUBA 4.j .e; Katnevwe 8'

. .. LOU B A • Nielllbu 1<und,. ~ 6,'<?-· • … Sv· '.0-.–~'.-.~~'!ijl. lfu lenge . . . . . ._ o LAM Scal. lliles MISSION STATIO~S WITH RESIDENT WHITE NATIVE CHURCIIES WITHOUT ,RESIOENT WHITE RESIDENT EVANGELISTS" PRIMARY SCHOOL 270 28"

MISSION FIELD OF THE LATE DAN CRAWFORD, OENTRAL AFRIGA This map, drawn by Dr. Tilsley, Mr. Crawford '8 nephew and successor, shows the extent of the territory (200 by 300 miles) occupied by the Luanza Mission. Note the number of mission stations and outstations, with churches and with resident Afriean evangelists and native schools. The neighboring territory, occupied by the Methodist Episcopal Church, London Missionary Society and Congo Evangelistic Mission, is also indicated. L TEN Moslem Life in Rumania and Bulgaria BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT- Author of "Arabia, The Cradle of Islam," etc., etc.

I T IS not generally known that in Southern Europe there are still nearly three million followers of the Arabian Prophet, chiefly in Yugo-Slavia, Albania, Rumania and Bulgaria. These are living, as minority groups, in the midst of the Christians. Their racial origin is in some places Tatar or Turkish, the descendants of the old Moslem conquerors. In other places Serbians, Bulgarians, (Pomaks), Albanians and Gypsies have been "converted" to Islam since many decades, and cannot easily be distinguished from orthodox Turks.

Eager to learn the needs of these people, and to know something at first hand of the missionary opportunity among them, we recently visited some of the great Moslem centers such as Rustchuk, Varna, Constanza, Sofia, Philopoppolis, Belgrade and Serajevo. We saw more, however, in the smaller towns, away from the usual routes, in places like Bazargic, Shumna, and Majidiya, where the old-fashioned life prevails, where men still mourn the abolition of the Caliphate, women go veiled, young men wear the fez, and old men smoke the waterpipe. We were reminded at Warsaw, on a visit to the mosque and the Moslem cemetery, that there are six thousand IMoslems in Poland; and by the noble marble monument to Sobieski that it was a Polish king who hurled back the wave of Turkish invasion from the gates of Vienna in 1683, and saved Europe.

In Budapest we visited the little mosque-shrine to the last saint of Islam in Hungary, but once across the border and into the great plain of the Danube in Rumania we saw the familiar dress that distinguishes Moslem men and women everywhere.

725

After arrival in Bucarest, 'the Paris of the Balkans, our host, the .r Rev. J. H. Adeney of the London ews Society, took us for a visit to the beautiful little mosque, built in Carol Park by the Government to adorn the exposition grounds, and now used for Moslem worship. We had a delightful hour discussing religious matters with the Mufti, who spoke Arabic quite easily, and gave us a warm welcome. Literature from the Nile Mission Press and the Scriptures in Arabic, Turkish, etc., were here and everywhere on our journey eagerly accepted. In fact our lack of faith was rebuked, for our supply ran out long before the demand was supplied. A converted Jewish soldier in the Rumanian army for example bought testaments for his Moslem comrades at the barracks.

On a visit to the old Academia Library in Bucarest we became acquainted with the output of the Moslem press, and through thp kindness of the American minister secured a special letter from the Government for crossing the rather disturbed frontiers.

On April 29th we left for Rustchuk to attend a conference of Christian. workers from every part of Bulgaria. We traveled by train to Giorgia on the frontier and crossed the Danube by the ferry.

Rustchuk is a town of some 40,000, of which perhaps one fourth is Mohammedan. Formerly it had twenty-nine mosques, now it has twelve: some were demolished during the war and others by the municipality because of new streets. It is still a stronghold of Islam, however, for all Northern Bulgaria, through its schools and press.

At Rustchuk we met two old friends-Ivan Gantcheff, agent for the British and Foreign Bible Society, and E. Max Hoppe of the German Hilfsbund and Orient Mission. Both were delegates to the Conference which met in the .Methodist church-too small to contain the audience that gathered at every session. There were able leaders and earnest words; the singing of a choir of young people (the girls in picturesque costume) was excellent. After an address on God's love for Moslems and His call to evangeli'ze them, a resolution was passed unanimously, which reads: We are greatly impressed with our Christian obligation to bring the Christ to our 750,000 Mohammedan neighbours in Bulgaria, therefore we, the delegates to the 47th Convention of the Bulgarian Evangelical Society representing the united body of Evangelical Christians working in Bulgaria, do hereby pledge ourselves to every possible interest in the evangelization of our Mohammedan brothers, and will give loyal cooperation to every effort to reach with the Gospel the thousands of Mohammedans in this land and elsewhere.

We trust the American Missions working in this area will follow such resolutions with definite plans for leading the Bulgarian Church out into this great unoccupied fied. Hitherto the Moslem has been much neglected, for special reasons and because of special difficulties.

MOSLEM LIFE IN RUlV!ANIA AND BULGARIA

Today there is peace, religious freedom, and no barrier to the tactful presentation of the gospel message,. The splendid work of such men as Max Hoppe, Pastor Ehmann and others of the German Mission, and the work of the two Bible Societies prove that the doors are wide open. In the village of Razgrad a converted Moslem is preaching to his former coreligionists.

In Rustchuk we met an earnest inquirer, a book-seller, who took us to the fraternity house of the Shathaliya order of which he was a member. I shall never forget his thoughtful questions and his pierc- ing eyes, hungry for spiritual vision. On the walls of the tekke were mottoes some of which we found on sale afterwards in other places.

One very striking motto written in Arabic reads: " 'Whoso hath a place for Allah in his heart will find Allah his helper in this world and the next; but whoso hath in his heart other than Allah, will find Allah his opponent in this world and the next." '

On Saturday; April 30th, we went to Varna. All along the railway there are Moslem villages and agricultural settlements. Varna, on the Black Sea, is an important center for trade and shipping, and is the seat of the Bulgarian orthodox metropolitan and of Roman Catholic clergy and schools. Among its population of 41,000 there M.0SLE'M BOYS AT SHUMEN. BULGARIA are some 4,500 rrurkish-speaking Moslems. The German Mission under Pastor Ehmann and Pastor Liiling is attempting literary work for the Moslems of Bulgaria for which there is great need. We met the daughters of Abraham Amirkhanjanz who, with Johannes Aveteranian, was a pioneer in this region. They left behind them a literary heritage which is yet to be more widely used-manuscripts, tracts, books in Armenian, Bulgarian and Turkish, a translation of the Koran into Armenian and one into Turkish printed on alternate pages with the text of the Turkish New Testament! Long before the war this seed was being sown in Bulgaria and it has born fruit. At Varna we held a union meeting in the Evangelical church, and our message was interpreted first into Bulgarian and then into Armenian. What wonderful talent the Bulgarian Christians have for song!

We spent one memorable day at Shumen, the great intellectual center of Islam in Bulgaria. The largest of its many mosques is called Tumboli Jamia and dates from 1648. Near it is the tomb of Hassan Pasha, a place of pilgrimage. From the verandah of the

GRADUATING CLASS OF 1924 IN A SCHOOL FOR R E LIGIOUS TRAINING AT MIAJIDIYA, RUMANIA German Mission House one can count twenty-two minarets, a panorama that reminds one of a miniature Cairo seen from the Citadel. We visite'd the Moslem press and called on the Mufti who accepted Arabic Christian books eagerly. Shumen is an educational center and in addition to primary Koran schools has an institution for the training of Moslem teachers. We met many of their "Young Islam on Trek" to schoo], (see illustration) but there are no radical educational reforms yet in this part of Bulgaria: the curriculum is oldfashioned and very orthodox.

Rather than take the meandering course of the railway, we went direct by automobile from Varna to Bazargic, crossing the frontier and rather enjoying the double unsuccessful custom-house search for tobacco, fire-arms or Bolshevist literature at two posts! Bibles were not confiscated but the copies given accepted gratefully. Bazargic has several mosques, three book-shops, and an active press.We also saw the young Moslem Club, its reading room, cafe and small gymnasium, all very primitive but harbingers of a new day. One of the small group of Evangelicals living here begged me, as they were without a pastor or missionary, to hold a service and baptize the twins of Ivan Petkoff. It was a polyglot service, by interpretation and interruption. The crying seemed to be American, they sang Bulgarian hymns, and the service was interpreted by a Greek lady, wife of an Armenian, whose father is pastor of a Greek church in New York City. The next day we took a car for Constanza. Our fellow-passengers were a Moslem judge and a merchant; both accepted a portion of the Scriptures in Turkish.

The city of Constanza has a very beautiful mosque recently built, with a high minaret of concrete; there is a learned Mufti but the city has only a small Mos]em population. Majidiya a much smaller town, forty kilometers away, is far more important as a

MOSLEM, LIFE IN RUMANIA AND BULGARIA

Moslem center. We spent a day there visiting the schools and studying the life of the people. In the Moslem high school for boys and girls, the Arabic language is well taught, and we heard them recite the Koran. There is a sort of theological seminary also with over one hundred enrolled, and eighty in the boarding department. They follow an eight-year course of study. Our illustration shows the graduating class with the faculty-a very impressive group, when you r ealize that such as these go out every year to strengthen the hold of orthodox Islam among the masses. In the middle of the town there is a fairly large printing press employing a goodly staff where three small rotary presses turn out Moslem literature.

R eturning to Bucarest we were surprised to see on the day of our arrival an account on the first page of the daily press of the public baptism of twelve Mohammedans. Afterwards we learned that these were villagers who had accepted Christian teaching and joined the Greek Orthodox Church by immersion. A prelate told us there were others preparing for baptism. Apparently the" Law of Apostasy" is no longer in force and no special danger or persecution follows the abandonment of Islam in Rumania. One longed for the occupation of this ripe field by some Evangelical Society, or at least for the opening of work in places like Silistra, Bazargic and Majidiya, now wholly neglected.

To reach Sofia and Philopoppolis we again crossed the Danube at Rustchuk On Sunday it was our privilege to preach in the Methodist Episcopal church in the morning, where the genial pastor Mr. Zapkoff is in charge of an important work. In the evening there was a crowded union meeting in the Congregational church. After an SOMEl. GYP SY MOH<AMMEDANS AT SOFIA. BULGARIA

address on Islam, opportunity was given for questions. They were not all easily answered, but were proof of a growing and intelligent interest of these earnest Christians in their Moslem neighbors. The next day we visited a Gypsy village of which there are many in Bulgaria. Some of the thousands of this wandering race belong to the Orthodox Church, but more are Mohammedans. They belong economically and intellectually to the lower strata of society. There is no regular mission work done among them. Living in their untidy villages or camps, their lot is pitiful in every way. Yet here too we found a rickety mosque and a woe-begone building that stood near, used as a school. To hear Gypsy boys repeat the Arabic Koran and to see Gypsy girls copying the Ali! Bay on their slates was proof that Islam is trying to win these outcasts.

Sofia is a mission station of the American Board whose activities in the Balkans date back to 1857. The Methodists also have an important work here. The Protestants in Bulgaria have 32 churches, 29 pastors and 14 lay preachers. The president of the United Protestant Church is the Rev. D. N. Fournajieff, pastor of the Sofia Congregational Church. There are schools and a theological institute. The oldest newspaper in Bulgaria is the Zrnitza, organ of the Evangelical Church. The Y. M. C. A. began work at Sofia in 1899 and has fifteen branches in Bulgaria, with a total membership of over one thousand. There is, however, little aggressive work among the Moslem population.

At Philopoppolis we had most interesting contacts with the Moslems. It is a city of mosques, fourteen in all, with an active Moslem press, and it is the educational center for Southern Bulgaria. To our astonishment we found the chief Turkish Mohammedan bookshop and press conducted by an Armenian Christian, Thomas Ismerlijan, who when exiled from Constantinople, where he was a bookseller, undertook this enterprise for a living. In his shop we found on sale five different versions of the Koran in Turkish, and many other books, especially catechisms and lives of Mohammed: a proof that Islam is active here. At a conference of all the Christian workers from the various societies held in the home of Mr. Holway of the American Board, the need and opportunity of work for Moslems were discussed. Some are trying to reach Moslems in the prisons, others have begun work among the Gypsies who are responsive to friendly approach. The great need is literature for Christians about Islam, and literatur.e of the right type for their Moslem neighbors. It was pathetic to meet an aged and learned Christian from Monastir, who brought his manuscript version of the Koran translated into Bulgarian. He had toiled to complete it, furnished it with notes and a fine introduction based on Sale's translation, but was able to print only three small portions. He asked for help to complete this labor of love, and then with a smile of hope, bundled

MOSLEM LIFE IN RUMlAI-nA AND BULGARIA

up his precious manuscript and walked home again. Who will encourage this lonely scrjbe and put funds at the disposal of the Christian Literature Committee to give Moslems better books than the Koran1 'With specially trained workers, the wide use of Christian literature, and the union of all the scattered groups, we believe the Bulgarian Church could speedily win the seven hundred thousand Moslems back to Christ. The Pomaks are really lapsed Christians, prodigals to be welcomed back home.

Just across the borders of Rumania and Bulgaria, there are the eighteen million Mohammedans of Russia; westward there are nearly two million Mohammedans in Albania and Yugo-Slavia. What a challenge to the Church, and what a strategic advantage the present missionary forces in Bulgaria and Rumania would have if they arose to their opportunity! We called on the Mufti in Philopoppolis and found him reading a marked copy of the Turkish New Testament. When asked why he had marked certain passages his reply was, "I ma.rked those places where I foun;d that Christians were not living in accordance w'ith the tca,chings of Jesus the Messiah." One wonders whether he had underscored the last paragraph of the Gospel according to Matthew.

'" After attendanco at the two conferences held at Budapest and Warsaw on missions to the Jews, it was my privilege to spend a. month in vi s iting and studying the needs and opportunities for Christian work among the Mohammedans in Southeastern Europe. S. M. Z.

A GROUP OF MOSLEMS BAPTISED AS CHRIST'IANS AT BUCARE'ST

Ceaseless Inner'

The Essential Missionary Spirit of Christianity BY S. D. ,GORDON Author of "Quiet Talks"

T HE spirit of a ceaseless aggressive urge is the breath and blood of the original Christian Movement. The distinctive message of the movement has the same instinctive insistent quality, deeply imbedded in bone and fibre, a spirit of aggressive ceaseless Go.

And, in distinct addition to these, there is an aggressiveness aroused and intensified by contact with the need, the tragic pathetic need of the world, in which movement and message are enmeshed.

This is the three-fold intensified spirit of urge inherent in the Christian Movement itself, in its message, and through the world's need.

Aggressive means taking the initiative, and doing it vigorously. It is of the very life of the Christian Movement that it takes the initiative. It attacks that which is neither good nor right.

Its aggressive sweep in the beginning stands sharply out. From the purely human point of view the strategy of the Holy Spirit here is simply unmatched and matchless.

It would be expected, of course, and there it is. Let it be said with the utmost reverence. Yet, let it be said, for the human comparison makes us better able to appreciate that strategy.

It may well be doubted if the Pentecost event has ever been fully appreciated, simply now as a bit of strategy.

Look at it afresh. At least five thousand men are involved in that Pentecost group as it quickly grew; not persons, but men, the natural leaders. They are Jews, the most intense racial group. They are from every city center of the earth literally. It is actually a world-wide group.

They are devout men, pilgrims to the Passover Feast. They have witnessed the crucifixion of Christ. Many of them, as many as five hundred at one time, have seen Christ after his resurrection.

They had gone through that untellable experience of the Holy Spirit flooding down, the tongues of flame, the rushing mighty wind, the speaking every common foreign language known, the dominant message of the crucified risen Christ, told with exultant praise.

That experience could never be forgotten, nor gotten over. It burned itself into their very being, scarred itself in, blessedly scarred. It revolutionized every man there.

Now, these men are scattered, scattered literally everywhere over the earth, aflame with the Holy Spirit's presence, and the tremendous fact of a crucified and risenM'essiah.

732 Every city center of the earth heard the story, saw evidence of a supernatural power, felt the power, actually felt the power, clearly a supernatural power. The earth was aflame with the Ohrist story and the Ohrist power.

As a bit of pure strategy the whole thing arouses the profound regard and reverent admiration, and more, of the student of strategy. There is nothing like it anywhere, simply nothing in the same class strategically.

And the inner spirit of it all was that ceaseless urge. It was the. urge of a living flame. It had the incessant move of the Holy Spirit's own presence. And this was the very breath and blood of that early Ohristian move. For intensiveness and rapidity of movement, over a wide area, earthwide, the thing is without parallel.

The distinctive message of the Ohristian Movement had the same tense throbbing pulse beat. It reveals at once its life, the reason of its being.

That message centered wholly in the person of Ohrist; who He was, the tremendous thing He did in dying, the terrific necessity for it, and the ceaseless appeal to men to choose. These four things stand boldly out. And their very daring and boldness made and makes an aggressiveness without parallel or precedent or successor. To these early leaders and their followers Ohrist was the Son of God in a distinctive sense true of no other. The significance of the virgin-birth is simply in this that it reveals at once His distinctive personality, quite apart from all other humans.

To them the central fact of Christ's life was the end of it, the death. It was voluntary. It was distinctly sacrificial for others in the substitute sense. The singular death of this singular personality, with the tre- mendous resurrection event, this was the tense, never absent, heart- throb of their message. The terrible tragedy of sin, man's stubborn opposition to God, was the one thing that made the sacrificial death of this singular Man of vital necessity. The sin score was settled by that singular death, and only so. And every man was urged to choose.

And it becomes of intensest interest in today's strange· cross- currents to mark keenly that this four-fold message they found, not alone in the events occurring then, but, burt rooted deep back in their Jewish Bible. These leaders had an intensive course in Bible study that resur- rection day. The teacher was Ohrist Himself. To the Emmaus couple, and then the larger Jerusalem company, He opened up their old Hebrew Bible. The whole story was, is, there. He had simply done what had been fully plainly foretold. Luke tells explicitly that He went through

every part of their Bible in that intensive course. One recalls with fresh interest the fact that their Hebrew Scriptures, so opened up, are identical in content with our Old Testament.

The Hebrew Bible, variously grouped and classified by Hebrew authorities, was the Pentecostal Bible of the early Church, and is the text reproduced in our Old Testament. Christ and His death explained and illuminated the Hebrew Bible, our Old Testament.

The bold daring of this original message makes one gasp. A .distinctive solitary personality, "the only begotten God," voluntarily dying a singularly sacrificial death for men, and for their sin, and the issue with every man dependent wholly on his imperial right of choice-the thing is daringly tremendous.

It is its daring that makes its aggressiveness. There is a ceaseless inner urge in it that at once caught men, and aroused such opposition.

Then the urgency of the need of men for this Christ message, and for the Christ Himself, intensified the ceaseless urge within both movement· and message. The outside pressed hard on the inside. And this prodding has never ceased, and doesn't.

That urge of the need has greatly broadened in our day. Originally the world's need pressed in on the church group. The thing was simple, thus far.

Now the need for the Christ message, and the Christ, and the Christ power, has grown complex. It is a three-fold need-in the world as then, in the Clmrch itself, and in the missionary groups and fields.

THE UNDERTOW BECOMES A FLOOD The world's outside undertow and suction of early days has become a flood tide in our day, seeping and sweeping insistently inside church circles, as well as outside.

A washed-out, merely cultural message has swamped the sacrincial Christ message, in the Church, and on the foreign field. This is true of the American, the British, and the Continental Ohurch, and on every mission field. There are always fine exceptions. But this is the characteristic thing.

A-recent striking illustration of this is fonnd in the utterances, by tongue and pen, of an American missionary to the Caucasian Orient, during an extended visit to his homeland.

He is clearly a saint, utterly devoted to Ohrist and to his chosen life work, with a passion for winning men, and marked ability. He has been through sacrificial experiences for many tense years.

In his recent utterances, which have attracted wide attention, he tells of a certain radical change of approach to men in presenting the Gospel. This is the striking thing to note.

He makes some confessions. And they are good, partly, at least

THE CEASELESS INNER URGE

two-thirds. He confesses to discarding Western civilrzation as part of his missionary propaganda. What a stroke of genius 1 What a pity he hadn't done it sooner 1 But then he was clear in the lead of the whole missionary movement in doing it. What a sense of freedom that must have been 1 And with that went the distinctively 'Vestern type of Christianity. He tried to shake the Christ, and the Christ message, free of the Western world's scaffolding. What a relief!

But in the shaking process he went a bit far. He shook off the line of defence of the Old Testament, he says. His language is informing. He didn't shake off the Old Testament itself.

It was clearly certain fixed interpretations of the Old Testament that he threw off. And that would be a blessed throw. But the Old Testament, which tTesus opened up and explained on the Emmaus Road, and that same night to the Jerusalem group, the Old Testament which to the Pentecostal Church was all athrob with the crucified risen Messiah-Saviour for men in their sin-he seems not to have had that clearly in his mind.

Then he made a new message, with an omission. It is a wonderfully fine message. There is a positive part to it, and the omission. The positive part is a delight. The omission is the dangerous part.

He delightfully pictures Christ as human, a sympathetic fellowman, a teacher, an example, a leader, the leader. But Christ the Saviour, whose death saves men from sin, and the badness of man's sin that necessitates the one great sacrifice-this is the fatal omission.

Except for indirect phrasing, lost in the great flow of other words, Christ the Saviour is not set forth in his message.

If scantest indirect mention of the leading issue be a practical ignoring of it, and if repetition be the greatest emphasis, then the omission in this man's message glares openly.

It seems to be the unconscious blunder of the head, in the burning desire to win men, and not of a very earnest heart, in the sore stress; but none the less, it is critical, and vital, and fatal.

His changed message bears the relation of fragrance to rose. He uses some of the fragrance but has left out the thorny rose that exudes the fragrance.

Now this particular instance would not be worth so much space were it not for the fact that the thing is systemic, not incidental nor local. It is a symptom of general conditions.

You see clear to the horizon through a thin crack in a fence. You can see the whole field, mission lands and home church, American, British and Continental, in this incident. It strikingly reflects the whole present situation.

This man's utterances are having widest acceptance as a wondrously new putting of the gospel message. It is not new, and it is not

the vital message of the early Church. Its warm welcome shows how accustomed the Church has gotten to such a thinned-out message. And so the present situation reveals a tremendous intensifying of the need for the real Christ message, and the Christ power. The intensified need becomes a fresh prod on that ceaseless inner urge.

And, it is of the very essence of the Christian Movement, and of its distinctive message, that the spirit of love breathe through all, even as the fragrant locust blossoms in the springtime.

It is the love that is gracious and gentle, in voice and pen and personal contact, even while relentlessly intolerant regarding the person of Jesus. It is the love that is always tolerant of persons while incorrigibly intolerant of looseness and errors regarding the Christ, and all that is tied up with Him.

There are three kinds of intolerance. There is the intolerance that makes a creed of tolerating everything regardless, and is utterly intolerant of those who won't.

There is the intolerance of those who believe certain central facts about the person of Jesus, but in a loose, easy-going sort of way, and who fellowship heartily with those denying the facts. It is intolerant of those who won't tolerate practical compromise on es- sentials. And there is the intolerance of love. It is the intolerance of purity toward impurity, of honesty toward rank dishonesty, of chastity toward defilement, of truth toward the lie, of loyalty to the person of Jesus toward all loose teaching about Him.

And there is no intolerance comparable to this. It is gracious in personal touch, but incorrigibly intolerant where Jesus' personality and work are concerned. What is love ~ It can't be defined in words, only in actions. God is love. Jesus was God in human shoes, down on earth, telling us the meaning of love, the tremendous urge of it, in the language of action. Jesus, living our human life, sympathizing, teaching, healing, suffering, dying sacrificially, living again-that is Love. That is God. That is the underlying urge of Christianity.

PRAYING FORTH THE WORKERS W ITHOUT doubt the dearth of workers aetuated with a sacred sense of their vocation is due to lack of prayer on the part of Christians. Let the prayers offered in the pulpit and elsewhere evidence larger obedience to the prayer· command of Christ. Let the missionary prayer·meeting respond more faithfully to the call for intercession. Ask the officers and teachers of the Sunday-school to unite in prayer that the Holy Spirit may separate from among the young those whom God would have one day preach Christ. Exhort parents to pray that their own children may be guided into the work of God's own appointment. Influence earnest young men and women to make the choice of their life work and life field a matter of special prayer until God's win is made clear. Multitudes have been inspired while praying to God for guidanee to give their lives to missionary service at home and abroad.-John R. Mott.

Christian Missions?*

BY P. WHITWELL WILSON, NEW YORK Author of "The Church We Forget,' J etc.

.nA.S. IT seems to me, there is a stock taking today of influences that contribute to or detract from the more abundant life of the race-armies, navies, politics, arts, sciences, industries, colleges, hospitals and amusements-from which survey, searching and even revolutionary, it is impossible to exclude religion-the faith of man in things unseen. .

We are told that the churches have failed. But is that the sum- total of our disillusion1 Have agencies, other than the churches, succeeded1 Everywhere parliaments are disappointing democracy.

In many countries-for instance, Italy, China, and Spain-they have broken down. Has organized labor redeemed society~ Not in Britain, not in Russia, and it may be, not anywhere. Has diplomacy arrived at a, permanent peace 1 Has science foresworn poison gas ¥ Are schools what we hoped they would be¥ Even education arouses pessimism. If then the. churches are on trial, it means that man himself, in all his activities, stands before the judgment seat. He has pursued a happiness which he has not found.

It is not enough to say, then, that the churches have failed. The further question is whether, if the churches fail, any other agency can fulfil its true task. The Best is offered through the individual to the race. If the Best be despised and rejected of men, is any second best likely to be good enough ¥ By His name, Jehovah is defined as the Great I AM. He is the one Egotism that is supreme, the Mind of minds, the mind that is Love. Of that Word of God, Jesus Christ was the Incarnate-the "Vord made Flesh. He also said, "Without Me, ye can do nothing." Y ears ago, I wrote a little book in which I read the newsaper into the Apocalypse and the Apocalypse into the newspaper. The Vision of St. John the Divine, which we forget, may be symbolic but it is simple. It means that, in Christ, civiliza- tion can be perfected but that, without Christ, even an imperfect civili- !l:ation cannot be sustained.

There are those who argue that the religions of the world are like the colors of a rainbow, all of which are necessary to the blend of illumination that we call light. Why do we try to convert other people to our way of thinking? Surely, we should try first ,to correct the evil in ourselves and should seek the good in others. Christianity, yes; but why the Christian mission1 He who lightly disparages widespread and venerable religions '" Since I have never been a missionary or even a serious student of missions, it is surely a presumption that I should set -out these ideas, though they are invited, in a quarter where so much knowledge, so deep an experience and so willing a self-sacrifice rebuke the ignorance and the senularitles or a Iayman.-P. W. W.

737 2

other than his own, is foolish. But the test must be truth; and in the clarity of truth, it does not appear that the Confucian, the Shinto, the Buddhist, the Hindu, the Moslem, and the Parsee faiths are today offering to mankind or any part of mankind, a salvation, whether it be personal, economic, racial, physical, or spiritual.

Over wide areas, China has expelled the foreigner. But has Zimri peace who slew his missionaries ~ The chaos of China is becoming chronic. It means that the country needs a greater than Confucius.

So with Hinduism. I do not accept Miss Mayo's "Mother India" as a complete picture of the many civilizations of India, but her broad statement that India is enervated by indulgence and disease, with her description of child marriage, of untouchability and of antihygienic rites and assumptions, is enough to dispose of India's mysticism as an adequate motive of well-being.

Has Islam a future~ Even, in Turkey, there is neither Sultan nor Caliph. The very faith that deports Christians from its borders is itself crumbling to a collapse under its own weight.

The hYIlOthesis that, if Christianity ceases to permeate the world, other religions will flourish, is not in accordance with the probabilities. Suspend Christian missions, and over most of this planet there will be no religion at all which is not a menace to science, to health, to womanhood, to education and to a reasonable prosperity. Man will have mutilated his own self by suppressing his soul.

If the! Christian mission were merely an attempt to make others believe as we do, Christ Himself would refuse a subscription. He denounced such attempts to win mere proselytes, and while He numbered the multitude fed and the lepers healed, He never counted converts. To win paradise for one thief, He was ready to die on the very Cross.

Indeed, among His disciples was Simon Zelotes, always described as such, who belonged to a sect other than the Nazarene, nor was the word, Christian, known until the faith reached Antioch, and even there, it was a label applied to the Cause by the pagan.

Evangelism is thus the offer not of what we see in Christ but of what in Him is more than we see-what we worship-what He is; the love that is larger than our love; the only love that is large enough to embrace the world.

That the Roman Christians evangelized the rest of Europe, or much of it, is thei,r glory. If, however, they made a mistake, it was in attempting to impose the faith as a spiritual empire on lands which, in the end, insisted on seeing Christ with their eyes or not at all.

This is a mistake that Protestant missionaries should be careful ourselves to avoid. In the heart of our Lord, there is room for the sheep that are not of our Occidental fold-Chinese who revere Him in terms of China; Negroes who are sure that He was colored;

1927J WHY CHRISTIAN MISSIONS'

East Indians who hint that he went on pilgrimage to Tibet. To break His Body seems a blasphemy. But His Body was given to be broken.

But the fold, however valuable, is not all. The fold may be a resting place at night for those who sleep, but the flock moves on and on to new pasture. When, therefore, we aim at progress, at liberty, at a pursuit and not a mere enjoyment of happiness, there is but one Shepherd Who is the Way, the Truth anLl the Life. "I am," said Our Lord, "The Light of the World "-not a light among other lights-not a colored ray among the many constituents of lightbut Light itself, universal, penetrating, inclusive. Here is one lesson from the Transfiguration. Moses is to be honored and Elijah is to be honored. So Confucius, Buddha and Mohammed may be honored, but at the end, Jesus alone is to be seen and heard and followed. Others may have been accepted as teachers in the past, but none survive comparison. Whatever of good there has been anywhere is summed up in Him.

This is 110 longer homiletic. It is history. In Jewry, in Greece and in Rome, this is what happened. It is Christ whose direct influence, working through society, has preserved the past and, indeed, rescued it from oblivion. What would be known today of classical art and literature if it had not been for Christian scholarship~ What would have been left of the treasures of King Tut-Ankh-Amen if they had been discovered by Moslems ~ How long would the Taj Mahal have stood serene if the Christian zeal for beauty had not been applied to its preservation~ If you want to study the sacred books whether of China or India, you will find them better arranged in the British MuseuIp than at any Asiatic library in Peking or Benares.

It is quite true that, apart from the Christian faith, man has achieved culture and accumulated wealth. But it is also true that this culture, this wealth has been an evanescent blessing. Successive Babylons, with their "merchandise of gold and silver and precious stones and of pearls and fine linen and bodies and souls of men" have fallen into ruin. If Christ be not the chief cornerstone of society, there is none other.

Wherein lay St. John's distinction between the new Jerusalem and the old Babylon ~ Both cities were described as rich nor did the City of God suggest any return to what has been called a simple life. The fate of Babylon is no warning against the accumulation of good things, but it is a lesson rather that mere accumulation is not enough. Happiness, if it is to persist, must not only be increased, but distributed; and the Gospel of Christ is this distribution of true happiness. "Go ye into all the world and proclaiJn Good News." Whatever helps us, be it a rite like baptism, be it a science like healing, be it a school for teaching, must be offered to everyone else. To

be saved is to share salvation. The Lord's Prayer, is a family prayer; a prayer personal but plural. There is no Christianity that is not missionary-sending, giving, touching, speaking, healing. That is the very essenc~ of the whole faith. Without works, it is dead.

The story of the early Church, told in the Acts, is the story, not of the headquarters staff at Jerusalem, but of the soldiers going over the top into No-Man's-Land. Peter at Joppa, Philip at Samaria, Paul at Damascus, at CfBsarea, at Philippi, at Athens, at Rome. Note the widening yet concentric circles. The foreign missionary work of the Church today is the one unmistakable proof that the Church of our century continues to be Catholic, Apostolic and Christian.

In the cause of Christ, then, we are not conscious of a horizon. He deals with this moment and this man. But He embraces all men at every moment. His Gospel is not the meal which is meal and nothing else. It is the leaven which transforms meal into food. And the leaven must so work on the meal until the whole is leavened. There is no limit that you can set to the love which is the very being of the Eternal.

Christianity is the antithesis to a creeping paralysis. It is an evolutionary resurrection into life and health and joy and hope and peace. What we call piety is man growing in grace. What we call a church is society oVeT'coming sin. In Christ, something is always happening-a word said, an eye opened, a wrong righted, a 'truth discovered, an error abandoned, a sorrow comforted, an enemy reconciled, a home built, a world turned up-side-down. There is a power released and it is a Power which demands its full use.

To abandon missions would be like building a locomotive, filling its tender with coal, kindling fire in the furnac€, getting up steam, and then refusing to let the engine use its power. The pressure in the boiler, which is power, becomes a peril. The real safety lies, not in a valve which leaves the engine standing, but in the lever which allows the engine to move.

It was when the early Church ceased to advance that it began to doubt, to indulge in dissensions and to rend the ancient world on twain. The energy or, if you like to put it so, the fanaticism which found no outlet among the heathen seemed to explode under the stress of an internal combustion. The answer, both to Arius and to Athanasius, was Asia. But Asia was to them no more than an Asia Minor. At Nicea, they fought each other while, at Benares, they might have fought disease and dirt and evil.

After the Reformation, there was to be observed a similar phenomenon. Protestanism was intense but not expansive. And instead of going forth into the world to teach all nations, it concentrated its energies within itself, plunged into dialectics, attempted an impossible uniformity until, in the eighteenth century, there emerged a formalism which had ceased to deal with the needs of society, not

WHY CHRISTIAN MISSIONSf

abroad merely but at home. Among intellectuals, there was declared a reign of reason, and the kingdom over which reason thus reigned, was political corruption, vice, banditry, drunkenness and gambling. A Puritanism that did not include missions flourished in the worst England ever described by the historian.

The upheaval called Methodism did not only change the face of England. While the sinner at home repented, the heathen abroad heard of repentance. Methodism, like Apostolic Ohristianity, was a force that began in the heart and radiated everywhere.

My submission is that, in our own day, we must expect the same rules of history to operate. If our Ohristian faith, whatever be its form, omits the missionary impulse, it will fail to hold Ohristendom itself for the Gospel. 'fhe dissensions in our churches, the prevalence of divorce and crime and suicide, the decadence of the drama and the elaboration of an introspective philosophy are symptoms, everyone of them, which would have been recognized as familiar, by a discerning mind, whether in the fourth or in the eighteenth centuries. For the~e disturbing tendencies, the remedy is, as it always has been, to absorb the whole energies of the Ohurch in the task of carrying the whole Gospel of Ohrist to the whole world.

The way to defend the faith is to apply it. Take the Bible, rapidly becoming a closed book at a loss to the mind of the nation which can be measured by the tabloid newspaper. If the Bible is not read, it is because it is not used. This Book is not an ornament; it is a sword. Kept in its sheath, any sword rusts.

Also, the Bible is not a gift to us alone who happen to live in the United States in the year of Grace, 1927. It is a gift to all people at all stages in their development. Texts in the Bible which have offended our delicate sense of propriety-for instance, the condemnation of witchcraft-become the strong meat of common sense when we face the actualities of wizardry in mid-Africa or the South Seas.

We are asked sometimes what is the proper work of a mission. I suggest that if we would read our Bible, instead of merely talking about the book, we would be left in no doubt as to these matters. The Apostles were sent out by our Lord to preach and teach and heal and baptize; boldly to handle serpents or any deadly thing. It is clear, then, that the mission was spiritual, educational, ecclesiastical, medical and social. If a mission is only spiritual, it does not offer the whole Gospel of Christ. If it is only educational, or ecclesiastical, or medical, or social, it does not offer the whole Gospel of Ohrist. The complete mission must include all these activities. It must declare the Cross of Christ; it must open schools; it must form a church; it must conduct a hospital; it must combat evils like opium and slavery and cannibalism. I do not say that a mission is useless which does not achieve all these tasks. But I do say that Christ is inexhaustible and that His program omits nothing.

When, therefore, some people say that missions should be spirit- ual. while other people say that missions should be social, there is something lacking on both sides. Christ is all and in all. Writing to Corinth, St. Paul tells us what is meant by the missionary churcha body with many members, of which no member has the right to claim that the others are not equally necessary. Apostles-a word which is merely Greek for the Latin word, missionary-prophets or preachers, healers, linguists-all are needed and all equally are ellgaged in the service of the one Master.

For the churches, such a diversity of opportunity is surely a fact of an enormous significance. It means that, in the mission field, there is room for the doctor, the gymnast, the trained nurse, the scholar, the teacher, and the preacher-indeed, all may be useful abroad who would be useful at home. It means that the churches can meet their critics with an unanswerable argument-"You say we have failed. Then go out yourselves and do better." In the apologetic for Christianity, the Foreign Mission is the central argument.

Between the Church and the State, at home and abroad, there is no reason for conflict. The Church leads the way. The State follows. l". mission starts schools and hospitals-why~ Because otherwise there would be no schools or hospitals. If however the State, learning its duty from the mission, begins to establish these institutions, then the mission should not regard the State as a rival but should encourage the State, cooperate with the State and so display the spirit of Our Lord Jesus Christ.

For, after all, the church is entrusted with a task, the essence of which lies beyond the function of any State. If every school and gymnasium and hospital were to be entirely secular, the soul of man would still remain to be healed and sustained by the love of Christ. "Lo, I am with you alway" was what He said, and the Gospel-the spell of God-is His presence as the Companion of the individual. If missions on their social side were to establish in India and China and Africa a state of health, a properity and an enlightenment, equal to or exceeding what we see in the United States or Great Britain, it would still be a fact that Christ would be the Supreme Essential. The United States is today a proof that silver and gold and all that they can purchase of art and science and philosophy are no salvation from sin. Youth and beauty, wealth and genius, are finding it impossible to maintain a standard of marriage and a freedom from crime which were regarded as axiomatic in churches of an earlier day. No reformation, achieved by environment, is effective without the regeneration which is achieved by Grace. As Christ called Peter to Him, and John, and Mary of 1Tagdala, so does He still look through the haze of tendencies and points of view and demands a personal allegiance from the individual. He tells of the good Samaritan only to add, "Go and do thou likewise."

WOMEN LISTENING TO THE GOSPEL AT THE MISS.ON

KUWEIT (KOWEIT), ARAHIA Seventeen Years in the Persian Gulf BY DR. C. S. G. MYLREA, KOWEIT, ARABIA KOWEIT was the last station in the Persian Gulf to be occupied by the American Mission. We had for a long time wanted to enter the place but the Arabs refused to allow any white people to settle there. As the result of a surgical operation performed on the leading man of the town the American Mission received a formal request from the Sheikh of Koweit to go there and begin medical work. That was in 1910. Although the Sheikh and a few of the leading families were friendly, the general attitude of the city was bitterly hostile. The missionaries could not go out without having stones thrown at them, and one of our ladies was actually assaulted by a coolie in the bazaar. In fact it was almost impossible in the early days for ladies to appear in the streets of Koweit.

The first evangelistic missionaries were admitted to Koweit in 1912, while the doctors had been holding the place intermittently since 1911. In 1914 the American hospital was formally opened. By this time educational work of some value had also been started. With the progress of educational and medical work, the opposition of the people which had heretofore been mostly talk now crystallized into definite action. Funds were raised by the Arabs, and an opposition school was built at the cost of somewhere about $30,000.

743

This school was put in charge of a modern young Egyptian from Cairo, who, however, proved to be too modern for the conservative Wahabi leanings of Koweit, and was later on replace__ by an old fashioned type of teacher from Smyrna. This school has since resulted in two more schools being opened in Koweit, so that educational work in Koweit today owes its existence to the example of the American Mission school stinted in 1912.

At about the same time as the opposition school was being built, an opposition hospital was also started, the funds for this also being raised by public subscription. A Turkish doctor was placed in charge of their hospital, but as he turned out to be a drinker, and insisted that everyone should pay fees, as well as being in the opinion of the people a poor doctor, his stay in Koweit only lasted a few months. He was finally sent away by Sheikh Mubarek. A sequel to this was that not long after the departure of the Turkish doctor, the Sheikh presented the greater part of the hospital equipment to the American Mission hospital.

The eyangelistic work in Koweit is in many ways unique, for while all of the stations have dispensary preaching in the hospitals and regular church services to which Arabs are also invited, there is no special service for Moslems at which any large attendance is registered. The missionaries had been in the habit of holding an afternoon service in their Arab house in the heart of the city in the early days before the present missionary residence in the mission eoIT' pound was built. As the missionaries moved out to their new residence, it seemed hopeless to expect Arabs to come to an open modern house situated at the far end of the town. It was therefore decided to attempt to continue the old service in the house in which the doctor and his wife had lived in the first year of their mission work ther~. This service was planned specially for Moslems, it consisted of a simple prayer, lesson and address with three or four hymns at the usual intervals.

This service has now been carried on without a break for twelve years, and during all that time the attendance, men, women, and children, has averaged about 60. On occasion there have been congregations of about 200. These services have not been conducted without opposition, there have been persistent attempts to break up our service, parties of rowdies coming in and by noise and general disturbance have made the preaching of the Gospel extremely difficult. Parties of boys have been encouraged to stand outside in the street and shout. They have even thrown mud over the walls and of course picket everybody who tries to attend. Peaceful picketing! There is no doubt that all those who attended were more or less marked except probably the women, who since they were veiled were not so easy to identify. At first we used to think that the people came merely out of curiosity to hear the organ and to see just what

SEVENTEEN YEARS IN THE PERSIAN GULF

a Christian service was like, and never did our faith anticipate that the interest of the Gospel would continue to hold the people. But they still come, and we are justified in concluding that the people come because they get something.

We still have periods of disturbance, but as the years pass it is becoming more and more easy to preach in perfect comfort. There must be now many thousands of people in Koweit who are familiar with the parables and miracles that constituted so much of Our Lord's teaching, and the Sermon on the Mount has been freely used. In ad- dition to this there is the influence of the daily preaching in the hos- pital dispensaries both to men and to women, and when it is realized that about 25,000 people pass through our dispensaries annually, it will be understood that there is a definite witness for Christ in Koweit. fhere are also the pupils in our school who are under the daily influence of our clergyman and his assistant.

Converts in Koweit, as may be readily imagined, have to go through fire and water. One young fellow who confessed Christ openly in one of our Sunday afternoon services was threatened with death at the hands of his own fa- ther, and had to flee for his life to A YOUNG s~~~~~~ :Jw1V: ~fISSION Basra. He stood the test however and earned for himself the esteem of all who knew him in Basra.

He secured a good position in government service in the chlorination department, and on one occasion risked his life at a time when chlorine gas was escaping in the generating room, and no one else dared to go in there. It is more than likely that this noble act caused his death ultimately. He came of a tuberculous family, the dreaded disease attacked his lungs, and he came back to Koweit only to die.

During his last illness it was extremely difficult for the missionaries to have very much contact with him, and the town says that he died a "Moslem. The missionaries, however, knowing him as well as they did, feel very sure that if in his last hours of weakness he did confess Mohammed and deny Christ, it was under pressure which he was too weak physically to resist.

There was also another convert, a Persian, who came to Koweit to seek out the missionaries. He was a man who had done a lot of thinking and had been influenced first by the Ahmadi type of thought,

and then later by the Bahais, but had rejected them both. He eventu- . ally became a Christian and was bapti'zed in Koweit, but the incessant persecution to which he was subj ected wore him down and finally he left Koweit and returned to Persia. Since then we have lost sight of him. I believe he lives somewhere in Shiraz.

Still another convert is a Sheikh Arab who was baptized several years ago, is on the hospital staff and witnesses a true confession day in and day out. Without any doubt there are many many people in Koweit who in their heart of hearts believe that we have the Light of Light, and we must be patient and wait for God's own time when these hidden flow ers will come to Eght.

It will interest you all lo lenow that there is now in Koweit a very large Persian colony. The ma- jority of these P ersians belong to the coolie class and were attracted to Koweit by the high' rate of wages prevailing there. In addi- tiol! to these there is a growing community of Persian merchants. Altogether there must be at the very least 5,000 P ersians in Ko- weit today, and probably double that number. Our lady doctor has been studying P ersian in addition to Arabic for some time and hopes soon to be able to give the Gospel to her Persian patients in their na- A YOUNG ARAB BOY, WITH LONG HAIR tive language more and more. The Persian language is becoming a necessity to the missionary if he would be properly equipped. Sometimes fully one half of the hos- pital patients consist of Persians who understand little or no Arabic. In our Bible shop which is in the heart of the bazaar, we stock Persian Scriptures as well as Arabic, Turkish, and Hebrew, but as nearly all our Persians are illiterate it is not easy to dispose of Persian Scriptures.

It may be that in Isfahan there are Persians who have learned to know and love the Lord J esus Christ. If some of them could settle in Koweit to devote their lives to their countrymen, there, they could do far more than any foreign missionary can expect to do for some time. In Isfahan they have long since passed through the weary days of persecution and hatred and intolerance, in Koweit we are passing through those very times. Christ's call was to preach the Gospel to every creature-including those in this large Persian colony in Koweit.

and Theopholis *

BY CALVIN K. ST'AUDT, BAGHDAD, IRAK A Member of the United Mission in Mesopotamia M ORE than one hundred children and young people come to our house daily to receive instruction. These children represent different races and religions. They are Arabs and Turks and Assyrians and Armenians and Chaldeans and Indians and Greeks and Jews and Moslems and Protestants and Catholics and Gregorians and Nestorians and Greek Orthodox. These races and religions are antagonistic, and throughout the centuries these people have hated one another. In our school the barrier of hatred is broken down, and these children for the first time learn to love one another.

Mohammed is a Moslem, named for the founder of his religion. Theopholis is a Christian. He was named after that unknown person to whom Luke, the evangelist, dedicated two books in our New Testament.

These boys are about twelve or thirteen years of age, and are thrown together in the same class. Both come from influential families. Mohammed comes to school every day on his bicycle, which is a curiosity to most of the boys in the school. Mohammed is of pure Arab stock, and his ancestors for more than a thousand years, it may be, have been Moslems. Theopholis, on the other hand, is the son of the archdeacon of Julan, a Nestorian bishop, who came to Baghdad with the refugees from Urmia. The family tree would show that Theopholis descended from a people who have been Christians since the third or fourth century of the Christian era. The fact that the father of Theopholis held a high position in the Nestorian Church at once puts him on a level with the social status of l{'ohammed.

Mohammed has the Semitic features, the features of an Arab. His hair and eyes are coal-black, and his skin is somewhat dark, while his physiognomy is like that of the man you meet in the desert. On the other hand, Theopholis has a very fair skin, bright blue eyes, and light hair, indicating that he belongs to the Aryan race.

For a few days after he came to school Mohammed had no book out of which he could recite, and so I asked him to sit in the seat with Theopholis. The religious and racial antagonism showed itself clearly and unmistakably. Mohammed showed no willingness to move into a seat with a Christian, and after he had moved he showed no readiness to look on Theopholis's book. Moslems not only hate Christians, but the fanaticM'oslems also curse them. And there is no natural affinity between an Arab and the Aryan race.

Theopholis seemed to resent this intrusion, and was not too will- * Chri8tian Endeavor Worltf.

747

ing to share his book. It was the Moslem Turks who drove his parents from their happy home in Urmia, and it is the Moslem Persians who prevent their return. Thus these two boys could not help disliking each other when they were first thrown together. They had inherited a racial hatred and a religious antagonism. It was in the blood. Each was brought up in such a way as to look upon the other as unfriendly.

When Mohammed's turn came to recite, Theopholis found an opportunity to give vent to his pent-up feelings. We had the word "forgive," and I asked Mohammed what "forgive" means. He hesitated, and before he could give an answer Theopholis raised his hand, and said, "He can't know."

,Mark the words; it was not, "He doesn't know. " There flashed through my mind the whole history and tragedy of the Near East. I saw in the faces of these two young lads and in their actions an epitome of the land, and it gave me a vision of our missionary work. "He doesn't know" is what we should have expected as an answer from the son of a priest who has been taught the doctrine of forgiveness; but when he said in regard to Mohammed, "He can't know," that told me a story of inherited hatreds.

This happened several weeks ago. Today these bpys are bosom friends. They have learned to like and love each other. The one stands up for the other, and is willing to defend him. The hatred which they had inherited against each other, and that which had been taught them by their elders, are gone. Mohammed has taught Theopholis to ride his bicycle, and Theopholis is the only boy in the school, as far as I have observed, to whom this coveted privilege was extended. The other day, when I wanted to take a picture of Theopholis, he said, "Wait until I fetch my friend," and he called Mohammed.

NOT THE END-THE BEGINNING!

O NE of the Chinese Christian clergy, studying in the United States, writes of the anxiety he feels for his family in China and for the welfare of his American friends through whom he learned to love our Lord. He says: "I am so sorry and in a way as a representative of China in this country feel so ashamed of myself for the unnecessary and almost un· called-for high tide of anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprisings which are sweeping through the central and southern provinces of China. But it is just one more of the innumerable instances of people's knowing not what they do, and today we need your prayerful patience and sympathy and the being with us in spirit in going through the trials and sufferings )f the Church which is Christ's Body in China more than ever. And what a wonderful expression of the glorious faith of Christians it is, as uttered in mlny quarters today, No, it is not the end, but just the beginwing of missions!"

STU[JIDNTS IN THE AMERICAN M,[SSION SCHOOL AT CAIRO, EGYPT

These students include Copt. Moslem. Jew. Syrian. Greek. Italian, Armenian. Sudanese, Indian.

Ara.blan. SUmatran and Siamese A Focal Point for Moslem Seekers Students of Malfl,Y Lands at the E zbekia Mission School BY E. E. ELDER, OAIRO, EGYPT I N THE Ezbekia quarter of the city of Cairo, just across the street fr om Shepheard's Hotel, two American mission schools have been teaching Egyptian boys and girls for just fifty years. On one side of the main thoroughfa r e is the rendezvous of globe-encircling tourists, and on the other side is a girls' school, with an enrollment of 280, and one for boys, with more than 400 in daily attendance. Here the Christian ideals are being interpreted to the dsfng generation of Moslem lands.

The students of the Ezbekia Boys' School are predominately Egyptian. During a half century not only have hundreds and thousands of Copts, Mohammedans, and Protestants been educated here, but in addition many Greeks, Syrians, Armenians, and other nationals of the Near East have been brought into contact with a living interpretation of Christ. Thus the influence of the school has gone far beyond the expectation of its founders and to-day students come from the ends of the Moslem world, from Siam and Malaysia.

Last autumn two Siamese youths, Mohammad and Zacharia, presented themselves for admission as the first representatives of the Far East. When they left home they had no thought of entering a Christian mission school, else they need not have traveled five 149

thousand miles to find one. They were looking for a Moslem school, and reached the Christian school in Cairo by way of Mecca and the Azhar University.

They started on their long trip impelled by the desire to make the pilgrimage to Mecca, as a great religious duty. They took leave of friends and kinsmen, and sailed for Arabia, in company with many other pilgrims. After marching around the sacred Kaaba, kissing the venerated black stone, and performing other rites, they remained in Mecca to study in the mosque school.

Before a year had passed Arabia was in the throes of intertribal warfare. Ibn Saoud and his Arab puritans threatened the peace of Mecca and when the capture of the holy city seemed imminent the Siamese lads left Arabia for Cairo. They entered the Azhar, where the intricacies of the Moslem canon law are expounded and the vagaries and obscurities of the Koran are explained. Algerian and Arab, Turk and Tunisian, Sudanese and Javanese, rub shoulders in this great medieval university of Islam. But this great Moslem university, famed as the center of Islamic thought, was not what Mohammed and Zacharla had expected. To-day young Islam is not as docile and subservient as it once was and students are being stirred to demand a new curriculum. Being dissatisfied with the Azhar, these two Siamese youths looked around for more practical education and finally entered the American mission school. Here, on every hand, they are confronted with new conceptions and new ideals which are transforming their mental and spiritual outlook.

Another interesting student, Mukhtar, comes from Padang, Sumatra, in the Dutch East Indies. He is quick and intelligent and speaks Malay, English and Dutch. After he leaves Egypt, he hopes to go to Turkey and to Europe, to see how the modern world lives, und then to return to serve his country.

Abd al Wahad, the son of a Moslem merchant in Karachi, India, represents that part of Indian Islam which is facing the future. He is receptive to new ideas and finds in Christ's message the solution of many difficult modern world problems. In a Bible class in which are enrolled Christians and Moslems of many shades of opinions, he and a Moslem student of Meccan parentage often prove the most zealous for a thorough application of the principles of Jesus Christ.

Among the graduates of the school at Ezbekia are young men who enter the mission college at Assiut and the American University in Cairo; some have entered Christian work as ministers, teachers and evangelists or are prominent doctors, lawyers, and government em- ployees. The younger generation of Moslems are making enormous strides and one of America's greatest privileges is to share in the work of training and guiding young Moslems to understand Christ and His message and to enter upon lives of higher service.

of Spiritual

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SABATHU, INDIA YE SHALL know them, not by their roots, but by their fruits- (Matt. 7: 20). A tree never eats its own fruit whether it be good or bad but passes it on, seed and all, for others to eat. If the fruit be bad and useless it is cut down in due time, for so it deserves. But even though destroyed, it leaves bad seed for future generations. A good tree, while it fulfills its Creator's aim by bringing forth good fruit, at the same time leaves behind good seed for coming generations. So a real Christian, by spending life in the service of others, leaves behind a good example and a creative and inspiring influence like the seed of the tree. The man enters into his rest and his works follow him (Rev. 14-: 13). What kind of fruit and seeds are we going to leave behind us and what will we carry with us into the next world ~ The hen may sit on other eggs besides her own but the young ones brought forth are only after their kind. The poisonous tree receives the same air, heat and light as the good one; nevertheless they remain distinct according to their inherent good or evil nature. The fault does not lie with the rains or with the sun which shines the same for both; the defect is in the plant itself.

In the same way the Sun of Righteousness shines equally on all, good or bad, but the result is different. Those who live according to God's will and in His love and light are made blessed and fruitful for ever, while the wicked find the same Sun of Love to be a "consuming fire." (Heb. 12: 29.) When a man kills another man, it is not the revolver that kills but the hand behind the revolver and still more the heart and "will" of the man who used the weapon. If the heart could be changed and made the temple of God, an act of this kind would become impossible. For this reason God reveals Himself to the heart and spirit directly, for God is spirit. If he were to reveal Himself through the physical eye the body would become an intermediary, in which case the revelation would be only indirect. This explains why God reveals Himself physically as with Saint Paul to a very few, but He reveals Himself to most men spiritually-Spirit to spirit. When a man receives this spirtual birth or touch of God then is he made an instrument to save rather than kill. Thus it is that a man by saving others fulfils the purpose of real spiritual life.

There are many who remain in doubt as to the reality of the spiritual life on account of not being able to find complete intellectual satisfaction. But our abiding happiness and bliss does not depend on increase of knowledge and in dispelling of doubts but on living according to the Will of God and obedience. Our knowledge is 751

finite. Therefore there is always room for doubt, for doubt can be . absent only when our knowledge has reached the perfect and infinite state. Hence we should trust our Heavenly Father, who is Love, for every thing, and in whatever condition He may be pleased to put us we should be content and happy. For He knows our needs.

Whatever God discloses of the future is enough. If we were to know more beforehand what is to befall us on earth, it would do us more harm than good. The small trials and difficulties that await us in the struggle of life would appear like a terrifying mountain and would crush us with dismay. How could we endure to have all the ills and pains of life shown to us at once? If all our good prospects were revealed to us we might become careless and indifferent and might think that there is no need of making any effort. The consequence would be we would lose our reward. The goal of man is not merely the attainment of an external reward-an essential part of it consists in the soul acquiring a fitness of character by severe struggle and effort. Without this fitness of character that reward will be no reward, for the soul would be without capacity to enjoy it. For this reason our Lord warned us to hold fast that which we have that no man take the crown from us (Rev. 3: 11).

The silk-worm before putting on garments of silk for itself produces silk for others; they become beautiful only after they have spun the cocoons of silk for others. They even sacrifice their lives and die in producing silk for others. Are we, who are to have the crown of life from God, to do less than the worms in service for our fellow beings 7 There are countries on the earth where there is extreme cold, and others where there is extreme heat. In one place water is freezing and in the other perspiration is falling. The good and the bad also exist in this world simultaneously. In the heart of the wicked there is continuous restlessness and anguish, whereas under the same circumstances, and in spite of outward sufferings, the heart of the child of God becomes a paradise because the Prince of Peace dwells there.

MISSIONS OR O-MISSIONS In mU!SlOnary interest, some give themselves to foreign missions, some to home missions, and a good many to omissions. Among these last, the interest is often zero, as they are naught. Again, there are those who exclaim warmly, "0 missions! Yes they are, 0 so needed!" but the 0 compasses all they do. Would that many at home might turn from being o-missionaries to being go-missionaries. And may those who for sufficient reasons cannot now be go·missionaries, be co·missionaries, "holding the ropes," supporting by prayer those who really venture their lives in missionary service.

A Great African

The Late Dr. James E. Kwegyir Aggrey, Vice Principal of Achimota College, Gold Coast BY H. W. PEE'f, BECKENHAM, KENT DELIGHTFULLY ingenuous, with the charm of a man of genius who retained the true simplicity of a child, a man of rare ability, keenness and education, Dr. James E. Kwegyir Aggrey was a credit to the Negro race, and the work of the Christian missionaries. He did much to help races and nations to understand one another, and to work together. He belonged, not only to one section, but to the world. He was a real black diamond among the treasures of humanity.

The great work of interpreter, reconciler, . mediator, which we hoped Dr. Aggrey would continue and extend, has been brought to a sudden close by the news of his death in New York, on July 30th, after an illness of only one day, due to "Pneumococcus menin- gitis. " JAMES EMMAN KjWEOYIR AGGREY-AN Dr. Aggrey was born in ,Vest AFRICAN CHRISTIAN Africa fifty-one years ago, son of KodwQ K wegyir, a royal linguist, who could trace his family back to the battle of Ghineah in the eleventh century. He was the heir to state and public positions from his father, and inherited five state offices from his mother. He re- ceived his early education at the ,Vesleyan School at Cape Coast Castle, and with little effort could have become a person of considerable importance in his own land. "But, " as he wrote in a letter dated June 14th last, "it is enough for me that it is known that I have such dynasties. On my father's side I prefer to be spokesman for my entire country, 'Africa, my Africa.' On my mother's side I prefer the stool, the golden stool of education. I want all my people, my countrymen, men and women, to be educated in the larger sense in the hand, the heart, and the head, and thus render Africa indispensable in spiritual, intellectual and common civil products to the world."

3 ~3

The story of his journey to America for more education, after he had become a teacher at the Cape Ooast, is well known. In 1896 he accompanied his father to Kumasi on the Prempeh expedition, attached as interpreter to the Royal Telegraph Battalion. "I was present," he wrote, "that Sunday when Canon Taylor Smith (now Bishop) preached his remarkable sermon and I was standing next to the late Prince Christian."

At Salisbury, North Carolina, he followed the trade of compositor, which he had learned in the vVesleyan School, and also reporter. He also studied, and took charge of two rural churches. Here in the social work he began to get close to the social problems of his people. When he left Livingstone College, Salisbury, for Achimota, after twenty-five years in the United States, he possessed twelve degrees, some from Columbia University, New York, including doctorates in theology, literature, philosophy and psychology.

He was invited to join the first Phelps Stokes Educational Commission to West Africa in 1921 and his tact, his insight and his power of interpretation of the African outlook led to another invitation to join the East African Commission two year later. "He was the most valuable man we had with us," said Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, the chairman. This Commission gave him special opportunities to show his power, not only to interpret the mind of his own race, but to reconcile white and black in areas where prejudice and misunderstanding are too common. Dr. Loram, one of the South African Native Affairs Commissioners, pressed him to become a professor at Fort Hare. Aggrey had virtually accepted when the invitation came to help in the building up of Achimota. "I believed," he said, "that the greater service to Africa would be done by giving an object lesson of what might be done in this great experiment in ",Vest Africa, and so I decided to go as lieutenant to that great man, Alec Fraser."

What his passing will mean for that great institution in Africa none can say. "He will be an irreparable loss," said a high Gold Coast official. "Aggrey was an invaluable interpreter of the African to the white man and of the white man to the African."

"He it was who persuaded me to go to Achimota," the Rev. A. G. Fraser, Principal of the Prince of Wales's College, writes: "Never had a man a more loyal fellow worker, and he was invaluable in the special work he had to do. I have had many good things in life, but one of the best has been to know Aggrey intimately and well." Rev. J. H. Oldham, Secretary of the International Missionary Council, and member of the Colonial Office Education Committee, has called Aggrey "the greatest living African." All who knew him well felt that even such a description was not unjustified.

He was also an apostle of laughter, of the smile which wears

A GREAT AFRICAN CHRISTIAN

down scowls, and the attitude of mind which is the essence of the Sermon on the Mount; while glorying to be an African, he sought to be a bridg'e of understanding between his own and other races.

Above all Dr. Aggrey was a great Christian. "The one thing I am most proud of "he said in his last letter to me, "is my conversion to Christ. God understands me and makes me work harder every day to reach His stand for me, because, wonderful to relate, He has such faith in me. I pray in deep humility that I may never disappoint Him."

An Experiment in African Education BY THE REV. F. W. COBB, M.A.

H ISTORY is being made in the annals of the Gold Coast where, recently, the first all-black university flung open its doors in welcome to the five hundred students who will form the nucleus of an institution of which great things are expected.

In a single generation the lives and outlook of thousands of Africans on the West Coast have been changed as if a magician's wand had passed over the land. To these changes many circumstances have contributed, and foremost amongst these have been the opening up of great territories, a rapid influx of Europeans, and a vast increase in the country's trade.

With the expanding life of the African has not unnaturally come an insistent demand for education, and it is to meet this that the British Government has voted from funds provided by local taxes a sum of £500,000 for founding a college, with an addtional £50,000 annually for its maintenance. In this move of far-reaching importance the Governor of the Gold Coast, Sir Gordon Guggisberg, gave a splendid lead, and the result has been the founding of the Prince of Wales College on the hill of Achimota, overlooking the town of Accra.

On the opening day, Sir Gordon Guggisberg described Achimota as "the main gateway on the highroad of the progress of the Africans." Here in the four square miles of territory given up to the C~llege everything that experience and ingenuity can devise will be introduced to ensure success.

The central aim of this great educational experiment will not be to exploit or to Europeanize the African but to enable him to stand on his feet in the high realms of life. Here he will be taught the essentials of true and worthy leadership of his own people. He will be trained to teach, and to train others to teach, and a similar aim will be centralized in such other industries as engineering, farming and merchandise, while the girls-for Achimota includes both sexes-when they receive practical training in home-

making, besides general education, will be learning how to shape the new homes that will go so far to make a new Africa. Underlying all the college efforts, whether amongst boys or girls, will be the aim to make them worthy Christian citizens.

Sports will occupy an important place at Achimota, and large playing-fields have been laid out where the African boys and girls, besides developing mind and muscle, may learn those qualities of endurance and unsefishness which all true sport should mature.

Achimota is to be the mainspring of a peaceful revolution, not a university merely, but the keystone of a far-seeing government scheme destined ultimately to include colleges, secondary and elementary schools, and kindergartens throughout the length and breadth of the land. These will be staffed by West African teachers all keenly interested in developing a new and higher civilization for the land they love.

Of first importance has been the selection of the leaders. It is no exaggeration to say that the world has been searched in order to find the right men. The Colonial Office chose two principals, black and white; the Rev. A. G. Fraser and Dr. Kwegyir Aggrey.

The white man is known to his friends the world over as "Alec Fraser." A lithe, wiry man, he has been a wonderfully successful leader of youth in circumstances that have tested his powers to the full. Mr. Basil Mathews thus describes him in his arresting little book, "Black Treasure": "Alec ]~raser ….. is in this new adventure in the same spirit that nerved him to struggle through the mud and blood and barbed wire of the Great War. The very breath of his nostrils is to do new things for the freedom of the world in comradeship with other races-it is the spirit that he absorbed as a boy in Scotland, and as a young man watching his father, Sir Andrew Fraser, serving the people of India as Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal; the spirit that he breathed into others in building up a wonderful college for the boys of Asia at Kandy, in Ceylon."

Dr. Aggrey (whose death has just been recorded) has a record as excellent as that of his British colleague. Born on the Gold Coast in a leading family of the Fanti tribe, he was himself a chief, and as a boy went to school near the old slave castle where in past years men or his own tribe were penned in filthy dungeons while waiting for the slave ship to take them to America. Aggrey found his way to America, and there, after a course at Livingstone College, he went on to Columbia University, where he took the highest degree in philosophy. One who knew him well has thus described him: "A cheery African gentleman, consecrated to the service of God and of his own people, who burns with desire to lift them to where they should be." It is a great experiment, which many will watch with sympathetic interest.

A. N . POR1' ER AND HER MEXICAN BAPTIST KI Nl)ERGARTEN

Among the Mexicans in Texas BY JOSEPH MARTIN DAWSON, WACO, TEXAS T HE Mexican population in T exas, which normally numbers about a million, is being considerably augumented by priests and nuns from across the Rio Grande, They are fleeing from the rigors of the enforcement of Mexican religious laws and in consequence there has been started a renaissance of Catholic devotion among the immigrants in Texas.

This little mission was organized in the basement of the First Baptist Church of Waco some years ago by Dr. A. J. Barton, then p astor, now executive head of Southern Baptists at Nashville, Tennessee. Upon the abolition of W aco's restricted vice district, once the notorious center of basest wickedness, North Second Street became the home of the Mexican Bautista Iglesia. One of the largest of th e former houses of ill-fame was purchased by the Mission Boa rd for the ch urch and here the Mission has remained to cleanse the district. "Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir tree, and instead of the briar shall come up the myrtle."

During fifteen years this little mission, four hundred miles from the border, counts evangelism its greatest means of victory. During this period its pastors have baptized more than seven hundred Mexican converts, chiefly adults. This despite the fact that at the present, when the church registers the highest enrollment of its history, many transient members have gone on to other communities to help establish other church es.

These Mexicau Christians, breaking away from Roman Catholicism, are intensely missionary in spirit. Their state conventions are marked by great missionary ardor. When, due to the financial 757

stringency, Dr. C. D. Daniel, the superintendent of Mexican Baptist missions in Texas was withdrawn, the Mexican Baptist pastors earnestly protested and said: "We must have Dr. Daniel with us. He won us to Christ and he has been a father to us in the ministry." One said, "Take ten dollars out of my salary"; others said, "Take five dollars per month out of my salary and apply it to the salary of Dr. DanieL" Thus $150.00 a month was provided for by workers, many of whom were receiving only fifty dollars a month.

If the American pastors and members should meet their challenge, there would be no debt on the Home Mission Board within a few months.

The Waco Mission is presided over by Rev. and Mrs. A. N. Porter, formerly at the head of the Baptist College in Alamogordo, New Mexico. Mrs. Porter conducts a kindergarten and has been able to promote twelve of her pupils recently to the public schools. She also carries on cooking and sewing classes in which she is assisted by young ladies from Baylor University. On Thursday evenings Mr. Porter, assisted by teachers from the public schools, conducts free classes in English, not only for the children but for adults, some of whom are old men, the classes being graded according to the advancement of the pupils.

The midweek prayermeeting in this EttIe Mexican church of 120, notwithstanding the fact that many of the members live miles in the country and have no automobiles to transport them, has. an attendance of over fifty a week. On Sunday at 9: 30 in the morning the Bible School is held and lasts until noon. At 3 0 'clock comes the Sunbeam Band, 30 strong; at 4 o'clock the B. Y. P. U., with 24 young people, and at night the evangelistic preaching service.

The Mexican is much misunderstood. He has no disclosures for the rude. There is resentment against the patronizing and there is vengeance for injustice and cruelty. He is patient, industrious, patriotic, religious. If energized by the illuminating spirit of the Gospel, he is an asset to the world in the present time of need.

A wealthv Mexican from Chihuahua said to me: "Your Christian mission ~chools along the border of Texas are doing more to bring about g'ood will between Mexico and the United States than any other one thing. They have unmeasured possibilities. Keep them going."

RELIGION A NECESSITY, NOT A LUXURY Striking testimony is being given in many quarters to the necessity of religion as a means for holding intad the social structure. Experience shows that irreligion dissolves hnman society. The Jate .Tames Bryce, in his work on South America, wrote: "Both the intenectual life and the ethical standards of conduct in these countries seem to be entirely divorced from religion." The impossibility of making such a situation work has been forced home upon several South American governments. Accordingly, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay are cooperating with the YOUllg Men's Christian Association in the efforts to establish a spiritual basis for life in South America. .Tapallose statesmen have also frankly declared the necessity of religion as a basis of national life.

Churches in

BY FREDERIC S. GOOD)1AN, NEW YORK Secretary of the American Walden sian Aid Society M AY fifteenth was a day of rejoicing for the Waldensian Chris- tian~ ?f Sicily. In the presence of the pastors and evangelists of SICIly, and a crowd of members and visitors, the beautiful new building for the church in Palermo was dedicated. The Moder- ator of the ,'Valdensians, Signor Leger of Home, conducted the serv- ices and the sermon was preached by Signor Fasulo of Catania. A conference on evangelism, and a spiritual retreat, participated in by the officers and workers of Sicily, occupied the two following days.

'1'he church at Palermo has been waitilig patiently for a new building for more than fifteen years. The old property on a growing business street was sold and the new site purchased, but when Italy entered the war all such enlargements had to wait.

The fine day school of over one hundred boys and girls, the Sun- day-school and the other features of a city church, as well as im- portant evangelistic .activities, were maintained amid steadily in- creased difficulties. The church has now one hundred and fifty-five communicant members and added twenty-seven last year. The THE WAJJDENSIAN CHURCH, PALERMO, SICILY church at Catania, with 200 mem- bers, is the only one of the nine organized Waldensian churches in Sicily with a larger membership tli.an that at Palermo.

The beautiful new building, exclusive of lot, cost about $55,000.

The equipment is being provided by special gifts. The organ, de- signed especially for this church, and $1,000 towards the educational equipment are covered by gifts from the New York Branch of the American Waldensian Aid Society. The importance of the completion and dedication of this building, in the capital city of Sicily, can hardly be overestimated. This is the great port city, with a population of 300,000, It is the military, political, commercial, educational and ecclesiastical headquarters of 759

Sicily. Great cathedrals and monuments of earlier civilizations attract many visitors. How fitting that the oldest evangelical church in the world should have here its appropriate house of worship and center of Christian work!

Probably no other part of Italy offers to the Valdensian Church :J more promising field for evangelism and Christian education, than does Sicily. The sad statistics of illiteracy of the island (reported as over seventy per cent), the poor educational facilities in many places, and the gross superstitions of multitudes of the people, have made a !Strong appeal to the Valdensians for more than forty years. Against big odds, and out of their own poverty they have planted missions, built humble churches and started schools. They have now nine organized churches and twenty out-stations, in the island, with a communicant membership of 955, adding 113 last year.

The pastor at Palermo, who is also superintendent of the mission work of Sicily, is Signor Rinaido Malan. He will welcome visitors at the new church and manse, centrally located at Via Spezia, 61, near the beautiful Garibaldi Memorial on Via La I..Jiberta.

The writer has visited all but one of their churches, and has seen the children at work in the day schools. Some of these schools enroll over 400 pupils, three-fourths of whom come from Roman Catholic homes. Every child has daily Bible study, and the children learn to sing with enthusiasm the beautiful Waldensian hymns. Hundreds of the Sicilians thus come within hearing of the evangel in the 'VaIdensian services, and the Gospel is shown again to be "the power of God unto salvation," to all those wherever they live who hear and receive Christ by faith. It is impossible to estimate the silent influence of the faithful testimony, such as was borne about two years ago, by a family that moved from Riesi to Piazza Amerina. The former town is a sulphur mining settlement in the center of Sicily and the latter is the capital of a province in the eastern section of the island. This Christian family began to tell the" Good News" to their neighbors and as a result, inside of a year, ten fathers had confessed Christ, and ten families were ready to form a church. Sicily is ready for an advance step in the preaching of the Christian evangel.

Why Roman Cathollcs Need to Be Evangelized 1. Because multitudes of them are ignorant of the Gospel of Christ as proclaimed in the New Testament.

2. Because their religious leaders do not give them the Gospel or salvation through Christ by raith-but substitute salvation by works.

3·. Because their Church does not encourage them to read the Bible so that they may become intelligent Christians.

4. Because their Church interposes the Virgin Mary and canonized mortals between the suppliant sinner and the Saviour.

5. Because their Church encourages many superstitious beliefs-as in relies, charms, etc.

6. Because many of their priests are ignorant aud immoral and exaet money for bapHsm, marriage, mass and other religious sacrameuts.

7. Because Roman Catholics truly converted to Christ testify to the new life and light, peace and power that have come to them through the evangelical Gospel.

Louis Stevenson and Missions *

BY REV. J. W. BURTON, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA T HERE is little doubt that the first state of Robert Louis Stevenson, in relation to Foreign MissionS', is that of many an uninformed writer today, and the manner in which his point of view was changed is one of the romances of literature. The quiet, persistent pressure of facts completely changed his attitude, and the bohemian "R. L. S.," who has charmed a world with his stories, poems and essays, actually became a Sunday-school teacher in a Samoan mission school, and a supporter of missions' to the day of his death!

"I suppose," he writes, in a paper read before a missionary meeting in Sydney in 1893, "I am in the position of many persons. I had conceived a great prejudice against missions in the South Seas. I had no sooner come there than that prejudice was reduced, and then at last annihilated. Those who deblaterate against missions have only one thing to do, to come and see them on the spot. They will see a great deal of good done, they will see a race being forwarded in many different directions, and, I believe, if they be honest persons, they will cease to complain of mission work and its effects. At the same time, and infallibly in all sublunary matters, they will see a great deal of harm done. I am very glad to think that the new class of missionaries are by no means so radical as their predecessors. I have spoken to many missionaries, and I have pleasure to say that the most intelligent among them are of one opinion, and that the true one. They incline to think that it is beiSt to proceed by little and little, and not by much and much."

It was in the Marquesas Islands that Stevenson first came into touch with the missionary on the spot, and his picture of the Pere Simeon, is one of the finest he has ever drawn. "I had feared to meet a missionary, feared to find the narrowness and the self-sufficiency that deface their publications, that too often disgrace their behaviour." But in Pere Simeon he found man tru1y serving in the Spirit of Christ, whos'e business it was "to smooth the pillows of this dying family of man." ….. .

It was, however, during his long residence in Samoa, where he built himself a beautiful home at Vailima, some four miles from Apia, that he came into the most intimate and sympathetic touch with missionary work, and there the missionaries were among his closest and most valued friends. Of the Rev. W. E. Clarke, a London Missionary Society missionary, he writes: "The excellent Clarke up here almost all day yesterday, a man I esteem and like to the soles * The Miossionary Review of the Methodist Church of Australia. 761

of his boots; I prefer him to anyone in Samoa, and to most people in the world; a real good missionary, with the inestimable advantage of having grown up a layman. Pity they can't all get that!"

Stevenson grew impatient with those easy critics of missions who blame without discrimination the heroic efforts of these comparatively unknown workerS': "Those who have a taste for hearing missions, Catholic or Protestant, decried, must seek their pleasure elsewhere than in my pages. Whether Catholic or Protestant, with all their gross blots, with all their deficiency of candor, of humor, and of commonsense, the missionaries are the best and most useful whites in the Pacific."

In the quality of the converts he rejoices and adds this testimony: "The best specimen of a Christian hero I ever met was one of the native missionaries."

It was' James Chalmers, the pioneer missionary to New Guinea, that captivated Stevenson's imagination and turned him into a heroworshipper. Writing to his mother on board the S. S. Lubeck, between Sydney and Tonga, he says: " We have a very interesting party on board. Messrs. Chalmers and Hunt, of the London Society, and Mr. Brown, of the vVesleyan. Chalmers and Brown are pioneer missionaries, splendid men, with no humbug, plenty of courage, and the love of adventure. I have become a terrible missionaryite of late days: very much interested in their work, errors, and merits. Perhaps it's in the blood, though it has been a little slow in coming out. No, to be sure, I always liked the type. Chalmers, a big, stout, wildish-Iooking man, iron-gray, with big bold black eyes, and a deep straight furrow down each cheek. JEtat forty to forty-five."

Over and over again Chalmers is mentioned in his letters. To his close friend, Sidney Colvin, to whom most of tl1e "Vailima Letters" were written, he says: "I wistl you to get Pioneering in New Guinea, by .T. Chalmers. It's a missionary book, and has less pretentions to be literature than Spurgeon's Sermons. Yet I think even through that, you will see some of the traits of the hero that wrote it; a man that took one fairly by storm for the most attractive, simple, brave, and interesting man in the whole Pacific."

A year later he writes to Professor Baildon: "I could hardly change (life) with any man of my time, unless perhaps it were Gordon or our friend Chalmers: a man I admire for his virtues, love for his faults, and envy for the really Al life he has…… I shall look forward to some record of your time with Chalmers. You can't weary me of that fellow: he is as big as a house and far bigger than any church."

Little wonder then that Stevenson confided to Chalmers himself in a letter written shortly before the latter's death: "But, oh! Tamate! if I had met you when I was a boy and a bachelor, how different my life would have been."

I Am the Immigrant"

BY FREDERWK J. HASKIN I am the immigrant. Since the dawn of creation my restless feet have beaten new paths across the earth. My uneasy bark has tossed on all seas. My wanderlust was born of the craving for more liberty and a better wage for the sweat of my face. I looked towards the United States with eyes kindled by the fire of ambition and heart quickened with new-born hope. I approached its gates with great expectation. I entered in with fine hope. I have shouldered my burden as the American man-of-all- work. I contribute eighty-five per cent of all the labor in the slaugh- tering and meat-packing industries. I do seven-tenths of the bituminous coal mining. I do seventy-eight per cent of all the work in the woolen mills. I contribute nine-tenths of all the labor in the cotton mills. I make nineteen-twentieths of all the clothing. I manufacture more than half the shoes. I build four-fifths of all the furniture. I make half of the collars, cuffs and shirts. I turn out four-fifths of all the leather. I make half the gloves. I refine nearly nineteen-twentieths of the sugar. I make half of the tobacco and cigars. And yet, I am the great American problem. When I pour out my blood on your altar of labor, and lay down my life as a sacrifice to your god of toil, men make no more comment than at the fall of a sparrow. But my brawn is woven into the warp and woof of the fabric of your national being. My children shall be your children and your land shall be my land because my sweat and my blood will cement the foundations of the America of Tomorrow. If I can be fused into the body politic the melting pot will have stood the supreme test.

'" From The Immigrant.

763 BY H. J. SHEETS, BAREILLY, INDIA W HY preach to us illiterate folks ~ We can't understand your message." '['ranslated into plain Anglo-Saxon, this was the Oriental's way of telling us to "move on." Vhy this hostile reception? For a week we had been most cordially received by both Hindus and Moslems, and given a splendid sympathetic hearing.

As we moved on, men in the fields stopped their work to stare at us. When we drew nigh to the next village no children appeared to greet us and the women with fear on their faces beat a hasty retreat. A few men armed with clubs came out.

In tl1is unfriendly atmosphere we began to sing and then to preach. Gradually the people became interested, but still held on to their clubs. More men came-not one without a bludgeon-but the women and children remained conspicuous by their absence.

Songs and addresses finally succeeded in winning their confidence. Then we were told that the day before some men had come in a motor (we were in the missionary motor lorry) and entering a near-by village had kidnapped a child. The report has spread that nine children in all had been captured and carried way. I recalled that a new bridge was being built over the Ganges river and that word had been circulated by the worshipers of Mother Ganges that to placate her for this indigllity sixty children must be sacrificed. These superstitious villagers had taken us for kidnappers.

"Had we been Moslems and not Hindus," they frankly affirmed, "we would first have beaten you and then made inqUiries. In fact had not the Sahib (meaning me) been with you, we would have cudgeled you any way. We were sure that having come in a motor you could have only one purpose. "Vhen we saw you were carrying a box (harmonium) our suspicions were confirmed, for we felt sure you brought it along to stow a child away."

This ·week's evangelistic effort has convinced me that there is a most amazing and gratifying change in the attitude of the Moslems. As a rule they combine the disposition of the wolf and the lion and are never so happy as when attacking or devouring you. Controversial, intolerant, bigoted, they are hard to reach. But though we visited not less than ten villages where only Moslems live and though two of OUr men were tactless and controversial, the Moslems showed a most beautiful spirit of tolerance and receptiveness. The deity of Jesus and other questions came Up for discussion which in the past would have been tantamount to waving a red flag before a bull, but they were discussed in a truly Christian spirit. One young man followed after the rest had gone and told us that for years he had been a reader of the New Testament and asked us to teach him more about Jesus. We hope that he may become a true Christian.

764 ijjJ]M CUdDlf!$" {5 WWsn"'wvU'u",;UW""

By MRS. DAN B. BRUMMITT, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DR. CAVERT'S BOOK-A PAGEANT (b) Nationalism.

As a textbook for the women of (c) Internationalism. Protestantism we believe that "The Adventure of the Church," by Sam- 4. What should be the goal of the Church' (a) World fellowship. (b) Missions.

uel McCrea Cavert, has no superior. (c) Kingdom of God.

Any woman who has forgotten churc.h 5. Define missions. history will in the study of thIS What do home and foreign fields have volume make a voyage of rediscovery in eommon~ which brings widened horizons and (a) Race questions. reveals new worlds of thought. * (b) World peace. (c) Industrial problems.

In introducing the author, do not CHAPTER II was a lovely, colorful neglect the peautiful paragraph in biblical pageant. Scripture characthe Preface beginning with the words, ters marched in stately procession "Most of all to Miss Twila Lytton." through the early history of Chris- Tell your class that "the discussion, tianity. Costumes were made of chapter by chapter," the" discerning cheap but bright-hued material, coninsight," and the" comradeship" cul- sisting of the long kimono-like underminated not only in a fine book, but garment, the flowing c 0 at s . 0 f also in the lovely wedding of this in- contrasting color, and a long straIght terested twain, on June 28, 1927. piece for the headdress, bound to the head by a cord around the brow and Make a careful outline of CHAPTER low on the back of the head. I in your own notebook; then go before your class with crayon and a Love was the only character who good blackboard. By skillful ques- was not in color. She was clad in tions, lead the students to develop the spotless white. outline. Mine was as follows: The leader was the interlocutor.

1. Do yon believe our Gospel? With a few words, she bound the (a) Do your religious convictions make characters into a harmonious. whole. a difference in your living1 The characters came on the platform (b) Do you believe in the God whom with open Bibles in hand. The order Christ revealed 1 (3,) Does your belief show itself in of the chapter was changed somewhat, service' All classes-all colors-all nations-all cultures ~ but all the material was used.

2. Define fellowship in the Gospel. First came "The Chosen People" (p. (a) Fellowship with God is not apart 48), showing the background of Judaism. from man. She read Psalm 2: 8, 9 and Exodus 23: 22. Cb) Fellowship with man is not apart from God. Second: The Jews become complacent (c) Fellowship knows sin t? b~ :obb.ing (p. 50). Amos 5: 22·24. Amos 3: 2. economically, color dIscnmlnatlOn, Amos 9: 7.

caste, etc. Third: Enlarging views (p. 52). Isaiah 60: 1 to 14.

Fourth: A protest against the narrow- 3. How shall we develop fellowship' ness of the day. Jonah 1: 1 to 5, 14 to 16.

Ca) Brotherhood between capital and Jonah 3: 1 to 4. Jonah 4: 1 to 4.

labor. Fifth . Jesus' idea of man is universal.

(p. 61): "Humanity." .Luke 15: 1 to 15.

* Copies of our outline, printed for use in the Sixth: A protest agamst exelusweness.

various classes, are now !=m. sale for ten cents each (p.68). "Race." John 4: 7 to 15. Luke at the various home mISSIon offices where there 10: 25, 37. arei Methodist headquarters.

765

/Seventh: The motive for Kingdom bUild- of terrol.' in the last of the persecuing (p. 65). "Love." Matt. 22: 35, 40. tions, from 303 to 313 A.. D., when the Scdptures were burned and Matt. 5: 43, 44. Matt. 18: 21, 22. Eighth: God is Universal (p. 59).

"Evangelist." John 4: 20 to 26. Matt. chmches were destroyed. The map 5: 43 to 48. showed no progress of Christianity in this period. Ninth: The result is (p. 71 and 72) " The Missionary.' , Luke 9: 52 to 55.

Luke 9: 57 to 59. Woman No.4 portrayed "The Im- After all characters had tal,en perial Church," with Constantine their places in a semi-circle on the raising a banner on which was a stage, a chord was struck on the piano cross and the words In Hoc Signo and one verse was sung of "0 Zion Vinces ("by this sign conquer") and Haste, Thy Mission High Fulfilling," followed by one verse of "Where told of the founding of Constanti- Cross the Crowded Ways of Life." nople. There was no missionary de- velopment of Christianity on the Many of the women decided that world map.

they would ask their pastors to allow Woman No. 5 interested us with them to use this little pageant in the the story of the old, yet ever new, devotional service which precedes his controversy over the doctrine of the missionary sermon. Trinity and she told of the formation The greatest and most difficult task of the Nicene Creed. She read the of this study was the presentation of earlier form of the Christian creed, the whole history of Christianity. It now known as the Apostles' Creed.

was for this task that the printed out- Woman No.5 pointed out quickly line was prepared for class use. the growth of the monastic spirit, the I suggest that Chapters III and V invasion of Rome by the Goths, Van- be used together. You will need an dals., Saxons and Angles. She closed outline map of the world for this with NOl.'th Africa claimed for Chris- study, and some sheets of colored tianity by Augustine, Bishop of bristol board. I used Hurlbut's Hippo. The leader placed a segment "Short Story 0 f the Christian of color on North Africa and claimed Church" and its divisions into pe- it for Christ..

riods as a basis for my little sketchy Woman No.6 had a tragic assign- history of Christianity in the printed ment. She pictured the rise and outline, placed in the hands of my spread of Mohammedanism. The class. leader placed a large irregular piece Woman No.1 took as her assign- of cardboard on the world map which ment "The Apostolic Church" and brought a gasp of dismay from the told briefly of the birth, life, cruci- class, for lo! most of the early con· fixion, and ascension of Jesus Christ, quests of Christianity were obliterated c los i n g with "The Pentecostal by the growth of Islam.

Church." The leader placed a tiny Woman No. 7 told briefly of the bit of living green over the place Crusades, showing how natural, yet where Palestine showed in the outline how harmful, was the desire to rescue map of the world. the Holy Sepulchre from the hands Woman No_ 2 took "The Expand- of the infidel.

ing Church," and told of the jour- Woman No.8 started the story of neys of Paul, Philip, and Peter, of "The Reformed Church." To her Paul's journeys with Silas and Timo- came the joy of telling about Peter thy. When she had finished, the Waldo, John Wyclif, John Hus, and leader placed in the Mediterranean Savonarola. There was no develop.

area another color, which covered all ment on the world map in this period.

the territory touched by these jour- Woman No. 9 took the period neys. known as "The Reformation" and Woman No. 3 took "The Perse- told of the dpirsecsosv,earyndofthge umnaproiwnedre'r~ cuted Church," telling of the reign the printing

BEST METHODS

compass. Hcr joyous task was to de- camc a mute appeal for an enlarged scribe the courage of Martin Luther, world-wide program.

Zwingli, John Calvin, and John CHAPTER IV. "'rhe Adventure in Knox. No development on the world America" was taught by the use of map. ten questions.

Woman No. 10 briefly suggested 1. In what sense can David Crockett and points in "The Counter Reformation. " She told of the Inquisition in Daniel Boone be considered as missionaries 1 Spain and France, and the founding 2. Trace the influence of the Haystack of the Order of the Jesuits which did meeting in Home and Foreign Missions.

3. What is the idea of Home Mission development in America ¥ missionary work in Mexico, South 4. Has any change taken place in the America, and the Orient. The leader Home Mission task in fifty years ~ placed color over these portions of the map, amid the protestings of the 5. What do you consider the three great class. tasks of Christian America today' Woman No. 11 developed rapidly 6. Is your Board of Missions equal to the "Growth of Puritanism" and the this task f 7. Are the Social Ideals of the Churches practica ble?

8. Is America a Christian Nation'

rise of the historic churches known Why' today as Presbyterian, Congregation- 9. Name a new task you are going to al, and Baptist. She showed the decline of interest, in the beginning of assume. 10. What new word are you going to put in your year's program'

the eighteenth century, which made CHAPTER VI. "The Adventurous the Wesleyan revival necessary. The Task for Our Generation" falls natleader placed a thin line of color urally into subjects for discussion along the Eastern coast of North groups. America, to indicate the location of the thirteen original colonies. An in- 1. New Frontiers for Missionary Pioterested group of women cheered gleefully. neers. 2. Western Civilization VB. Christianity. Woman No. 12 had been asked to 3. My Church in its Practice of Brother- hood.

take from Chapter V, (p. 150) the 4. Prove the Theory of One God. story of William Carey, and the 5. Define the Term "Heathen." leader placed India on the world map. 6. Latest News from China and Mexico.

Woman No. 13 related the story of We believe that every woman went Robert Morrison, (page 154) and the out from the study realizing that leader placed China on the map. "the final and perennial need is for Woman No. 14 briefly told the won- a deeper experience of God, revealed derful stories of Robert Moffat and through Christ, on the part of the David Livingstone, and the continent individual.' , of Africa anneared on the world map. MISS BURTON'S BOOK Woman No. 15 read up on the story of John Williams, (p. 15:7), and The following methods have been the leader placed over the islands of used with success in presenting Miss the South Pacific a large splash of Burton's "New Paths for Old Pur- color. poses," in five summer schools. The Woman No. 16 related the story methods may not be very wonderful, of Guido Verbeck and the going of but they show that if one will give seven mISSIOnaries from America to girls a chance they will make good Japan, and that country was placed use of almost any method. Let the on the world's map. imagination loose and let the young The call of Tibet, Afghanistan, folks get joy out of the book.

Mongolia, Chinese Turkestan, and Your first lesson will be "Tea for Baluchistan was voiced, as were the Five," not Chapter I-though that needs of Arabia, Persia and the Ma- is exactly what it is. Have real tea lay Archipelago. The world map be- and wafers and lemon and "things."

Let the "leading woman" be the hos- Chapter II is "Making a Scrap- tess, entertaining four guests: Eng- book." The scene opens with a group lish women No.1 and 2, and American of girls sitting on the floor and going women No.1 and 2. Let the party through a lot of newspapers and start with pouring tea, which is too magazines. Scissors are used freely strong for the American women, but by the girls and their leader, who just right for the English women. sits at a table before a huge loose- The hostess leads by saying that she leaf scrapbook. A tube of paste and just must talk about the latest meet- a box of candy complete the list of ing of the mission board of which stage accessories.

she is a member and at which every- Let the leader begin with the para- one expressed the opinion that "mis- graph in the lower edge of page 25, sions" are changing. Then follows a It has been said that the recent indusbit of dialogue. trialization of the East constitutes a fresh English woman No.1. "It seems challenge to Christianity the world over.

'extraordinary' (say it as they do, "Now, I am so glad," says the eliding the 'a') that I do not see cow- leader, "to have you girls help me boys and Indians here in your won- find news of this industrial situation derful America. I have not even the world over. Suppose you let me seen anyone who looked like a have what you find about China first, pioneer 1" then Japan, and, lastly, India." America.n woman No.1. "No, you A girl calls out, "Here is somewon't see many cowboys and Indians, thing on silk filatures, that means facexcept in certain sections out West, tories where silk is wound from the but my own parents were what might cocoons, doesn't it? Let me read it." be called pioneers. I was a baby The girl then reads from her newswhen we went to Oklahoma to live." paper a careful digest of the para- (See p 1, speak especially of reciting graph on page 27 which she has pages of Dickens.) prepared and pasted in the newspa- EngUsh woman No.2. "How in- per.

teresting! I'd love to take her to a The leader says that it is just what certain street in my London and she wants, so the article is clipped show her' The Old Curiosity Shop' in and handed to the leader who pastes the traditional spot where Dickens it in her scrapbook.

knew it." Draw upon other material in the English woman No.1. "But do chapter, being careful to make the you really have what you call a home articles short and crisp. Use about mission problem in America?" seven girls, asking each to prepare one "clipping" on some country. Hostess gives the answer, as she Keep the candy box going, use scisdoes in all the items of information sors and paste freely, chat, and have to be brought out, such as: a good time.

1. New occasions teach new duties. Let Chapter III be a meeting of 2. New circumstances of which Christian "The Cosmopolitan Club." In my missions must take notice, such as inter- dependence, the world a whispering gallery, class at Northfield we had a "really truly" Japanese, an Armenian, an the effect of movies, world travel. Italian, a Negro, and a German, with 3. Missionary message of today is our three or four Americans.

entire national life (p. 11). 4. Read from "The Christ of the Indian Road" extracts from Chapter III, "The The contents of this chapter on Great Hindrance." "Christian Missions and Modern In- dustry," were assigned to girls who 5. Today's challenge, the hunger for God, had made careful preparation of the need for education and evangelism to be restated, the doing away with geographi- cal barriers (p. 211), and last, but most "speeches" for the meeting. The important, the appeal of today to the spirit meeting was formally called to order, of sacrifice and heroism. If you will chat, the subject for discussion was stated, and sip tea and be natural, this goes well.

and there followed such excellent For the fine, world-wide, last chapspeeches that not only the Club but ter, let the meeting take the form of the audience cheered each speech. a Resolutions Committee. Let the leader read the preamble and the The leader must say little, of girls the" whereases," which must be course, but she must tie the speeches carefully prepared in advance or together. At Northfield, she was they will be too long. needed to provide a handkerchief for the darling Armenian girl to whom For subject matter, let me suggest: the session became so real that her emotion caused her to extemporise on (a) Appreciation of abilities and talents her real Christian experience, to the of other races. delight of those who heard her. (b) Recognition of the desire for God Chapters IV and V were used as in every human heart. a kind of "free for all" discussion group, on such questions as, "What (c) Forms of worship more important is your motive in doing missionary than church buildings. work among colored races,1" "Name (d) The supreme significance of Jesus Christianity's greatest foe, and don't Christ and the insignificance of denomina· say Mohammedanism." "If you tionalism. were a missionary to China, what would you ask of this group f" (e) Christ greater than Christianity.

(f) Recognition of the natural growing spirit of nationalism.

(g) The change in Christian Missions from leaders and followers to a fellowship in a world-wide task.

PRINOIPLES OF OHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP 1. The following principles should be recognized by the Christian who would relate himself intelligently to property, income, wages and wealth: (1) God is the Owner of all things. (2) God invites men to subdue the earth and possess it. (3) Under grace, man is a steward to hold and administer his possessions as a sacred trust. (4) God's ownership ought to be acknowledged. (5) Biblical history records and extraordinary history recognize the setting apart of the tenth of the income as that acknowledgment; there is indicated a divine sanction for the practice and the amount. (6) God's ownership and man's stewardship are best evidenced by the s,ystematic application of this portion of income to the advancement of the Kingdom and by the faithful use of the balance of income not set aside. 2. The following methods should be pursued by the Christian who would administer wisely his stewardship of material possessions: (1) Actual or constructive separation of the proportion of income which complies with the foregoing principles. (2) A written pledge in advance for the regular work of the church (local budget and benevolence budget). (3) A weekly payment of the amounts prescribed; offered as an act of worship at a public service, if this is possible; otherwise held until offering may be made. (4) Payments from time to time, out of the portion set aside but not previously pledged, to special causes. (5) Careful, intelligent, personal and prayerful consideration of the uses to be made of the whole of income and wealth; this will require study of the local, national and world-wide program of the Church and of the full stewardship of life itself. (6) Freewill offerings, thank-offerings and gifts.

4

History Test On Moslem

PREPARED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK WHAT IS YOUR S(JORE1 T HE following twenty questions may be used to test your knowledge of missions in Moslem Lands. Grade yourself and your friends by the percentage of correct replies. Twenty correct answers score 100 per cent, ten correct answers 50 per cent, and so on. The answers will be found on page 792, but do not consult them until you have tried to answer the questions. You will be interested to discover your score.

1. Approximately what is the Mohammedan population of the world 1 2. In what two countries of Asia is the population wholly Mohammedan?

3. What countries in Asia have no ,Moslem problem f 4. Which country has the largest Moslem population of any in the world T 5. Where are there nearly 200,000 Moslems for whom no Christian missionary is at work ~ 6. Where is Mohammedanism making its largest advance at the present time? 7. What famous battle checked Moslem advance in Western Europe 1 8. What is the watchword of Islam 1 9. How many times a day and at what hours must a Mohammedan pray 1 10. What is the sacred book of Islam and how does it compare in length with the New Testament? 11. What are the two most sacred centers of the Mohammedan world 1 12. Who was the first Christian missionary to the Moslems? 13. Who was the first, modern missionary to the Moslems? 14. What two great missionaries translated the Bible into Arabic, the sacred language of Islam V 15. What champion bicycle rider of Great Britain and contributor to the Encyclopedia Brittanica founded a mission for Moslems in Arabia? 16. What missionaries, still living, founded the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America? 17. What famous English missionary bishop, after 40 years' work in India, went to Muscat to work for the Moslems of Arabia? 18. What young millionaire alumnus of Yale enlisted for work among the Moslems of China and died at Cairo en route to his. field? 19. Who is said to have been the most distinguished of all Moslem converts in India during the 19th century7 20. What young Syrian, said to have been the first Moslem convert to preach Christ in Arabia, died after 16 months' work under suspicious circumstances that pointed to poisoning1 770

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 E. 22ND STREET, NEW YORK RELIGIOUS WORK AMONG Mexico from the east. In 1804, how- SPANISH-SPEAKING ever, an American peddler entered PEOPLE • the country and the following year SPANISH CONQUESTS IN NEW a hunter, trapper, and trader wan- MEXICO dered by chance into New lIIexico after having become lost in the Rocky When the first Spanish explorers ~[ountains. In 1812 the Santa Fe came to what is now our Southwest, trail was blazed from St. Louis, and they found an Indian civilization al- ten years later it was permanently ready several centuries old. The opened. Over this trail large cara- first Spanish settlement in New Mex- vans passed.

ico was made September 5, ] 598, at Until 1821 New Mexico was under Chamita. Seven years later, in 1605, Spanish control and much of the it was. removed to Santa Fe. There land was held under land grants is- the Spaniards conquered and en- sued by the King of Spain. In 1821 slaved the Pueblo Indians. They de- New Mexico became a province of veloped nunmg, agriculture, and :',lexico and remained such until 1846, grazing, and for three quarters of a when General Kearney marched west, century they prospered. In 1680 the raised the American flag over the Indians revolted, burning ranch Santa Fe plaza, and declared New houses, destroying property, and fi- Mexico a part of the United States.

nally seil':ing the governor's palace at Santa ]'e. The governor and his MEXICANS IN THE UNITED STATES party were forced to leave the coun- There has been much crossing and try in haste. For the next twelve recrossing of the border line through years, or until 1692, the Pueblos were the years, but the last two decades again in control of the land which have been characterized by very they had occupied for centuries and marked increases in Mexicans coming they did their best to wipe out every into the United States ….. vestige of Spanish occupation. They destroyed mines, burned records, pro- No longer can we think of the Mexhibited the use of the Spanish lan- ican and Spanish-speaking people as guage and even destroyed the seeds living only in the Southwest. Whereintroduced by the Spaniards. It was ever sugar beets are raised, as in then that de Vargas returned with Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, an army of 300 Spaniards and 100 North Dakota, Michigan, and Ohio, Indians and once more conquered the .Mexican labor is used. In great incountry ….. dustrial centers such as Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Toledo, Gary, Chicago, The Spaniards brought with them Aurora, Joliet, Detroit, Milwaukee, the traditions and organization of the St. Louis, Kansas City, and Wichita, Roman Catholic Church and at once Mexicans are found in varying numimposed their religion upon the In- bers. The lines of immigration have dians or won them to its standards. reached even the fl.sheries of Alaska. Some are deflected south and east Before the nineteenth century where in cotton-raiRing sections Ne- Americans had not approached New (Ja• yFrso. mS Report of Commission on Religion gro labor has heretofore had no com- towell, Secretary) El Paso Conference petition. In Tampa, Florida, the Mexican and Porto Rican popUlation of religious, social, educational and welfare IS estimated to be fully 30,000. On representatives held December. 1926. to con- ~ider the interests of Mexicans and SDanishsp·eaklng people in the United States.

771

the eastern coast Mexicans form a ter nearly three quarters of a century minor part of an increasing Spanish- of effort we have a Protestant church speaking population principally from membership of 2,790 as compared the West Indies. In New York this with an estimated Spanish population lS especially true. of 225,000. In the past we have been inclined to be very critical of the Some effort is being made to pro- Roman Catholic Church and there are vide religious leadership and help. many things in its history in New There are at least four or five Span- Mexico of which it would be difficult ish-speaking churches in New York, to be proud. However, there is in- 'ohree or four in Chicago and in De- creasing evidence that the ministry of troit. At Gary work is also being the Catholic Church is an important done. It is safe to say, however, that factor in the moral and religious welin most cases there is a woeful lack fare of the state. Standards of work of equipment and leaders ….. The have been improving and workers in magnitude of these countrywide op- charge seem to be more carefully seportunities presents a new challenge lected than they have been at certain to the religious forces of America …. times in the past.

WORK IN NEW MEXICO In the rural places the service of the Catholic Church is limited but the The first Protestant missionary people are loyal. In northeastern came tD New Mexico in 1850 under New Mexico the situation is complithe Methodist Episcopal Church, but cated by the Penitente organizations work was not opened in the Spanish whieh flourish there whose moru,dos language until 1853 …… Very little and crosses dot the country-side. definite progress was made in Methodist work before 1870. Other de- Protestantism has not succeeded in nominations may have entered the building strong Protestant churches field shortly after 1850, but the rec- in New Mexico, but that it has made ord of such entry is not available at an important contribution to the this writing. The Presbyterian building of a state, no one can deny. Church, U. S. A. in 1866 definitely In numerous communities the outestablished work there. The North- standing leaders are products of its ern Baptists commenced work among schools and in our churches. Spanish-speaking people of New Mexico about the same time; this was The language problem has probably later turned over to the Southern complicated work in New Mexico a Baptists. The Congregational Church little more than elsewhere. Spanish entered the field in 1879, the United is the native tongue although it should Brethren in 1912, arid the Methodist be noted that owing to isolation the Episcopal Church, South, in 1917. language is not the Spanish of Mex- ico ….. It was not until 1891 that a An interdenominational study of public school system was established the Spanish work in New Mexico re- in the territory ….. Within recent ports 47 churches: Presbyterian, U. years the New Mexico public school S. A., 21; Methodist Episcopal, 12; system has made rapid advances …. Congregational, 5; Methodist Epis- In the larger places pupils in the copal, South, 8; United Brethren, 4. public schools almost automatically acquire English through mingling The Roman Catholic Ohurch is with individuals who speak English dominant and there is evidence that and through their work in the classthe qnality of its ministry is steadily room ….. Now that boys and girls of improving, particularly in its chief both groups mingle together freely in center, Santa Fe ….. Possibly in no public schools and are mastering part of the United States is the in- English, so that language is no longer fluence of that church relatively a barrier, the question is raised as to greater than among the Spanish- whether we should continue separa· speaking people of New Mexico. Af-

1:927J WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

tion of the two groups in our churches, taken into consideration in the study whether we can afford to maintain a of the whole question of self-support. division which the public school does The general average would indicate not, and which is not observed in the that 50% are in comfortable circum- Catholic Church, in politics or in stances, 25% poor, 25% destitute. business. This. brings us to the ever important question as to the correct "In spite of large efforts made by attitude of Anglo-American churches county, city, and state health boards, toward specialized groups m their in spite of efficient work of clinics communities. which are often features of our com- munity and church work, in spite of Spanish-Americans have the same instructions in sanitation and hylegal standing as Anglo-Americans. giene, health conditions among Mexi- .Many highest state offices have been cans in Southern California are deheld and are held by Spanish-speak- plorable ….. In some localities the ing Americans. It seems to be pos- rate of infant mortality among Mexisible to have representatives of the cans is as high as 25%. The poor two groups in the same legislative health conditions are due to malnutribody, same office or store, same ath- tion, because of insufficient wages to letic teams, same rooms in grammar support large families, ignorance, and high schools and in universities. crowding, and immorality. The dis- With the language difficulty disap- eases to which Mexicans seem to be pearing for the younger generation, particularly susceptible are tubercuwith tbe example of other groups to losis, trachoma, and venereal diseases. encourage us, we are more and more Of course, during the winter when perplexed to discover why our Anglo- the usual run is on of whooping American churches, so-called, should cough, scarlet fever, diphtheria, not assume .larger responsibility for mumps, measles and smallpox, Mexi- Spanish-Americans in their respec- cans are very much larger sufferers tive communities. In some cases it than are Americans …… " will doubtless be desirable to employ special workers who have at least a It seems to be the consensus of conversational knowledge of Spanish, opinion that it is wiser to have two but we are facing the question as to enterprises: the settlement house and whether some adjustment of program the church, under separate managein certain communities along a ment but working cooperatively. broader, more comprehensive, and more unified basis should not take Poor physical equipment seems to place. be the biggest handicap of most of the fields ….. Roman Catholics are IN CALIFORNIA accustomed to worship in cathedrals, while Protestant worship invites them The largest l'IIexican center in the to huts ….. . state is Los Angeles with a Mexican population which is estimated from Mexicans are great personal 75,000 to 125,{)00 ….. . workers, and very probably the re- sponse which a pastor receives to his "Mexicans served by our Protes- public appeal has been fostered by tant evangelical churches in Southern personal work on the part of mem- California are engaged for the most bers of his church. Practically all of part in work on fruit and nut the churches indicate that there has ranches, construction work upon rail- been a decided advance during the roads, street car lines, sewers, and as past five years. laborers in railroad shops and factories. From 30 to 40% seems to be I love to think that God appoints migratory. Destitution among fam- My portion, day by day; ilies served by our churches ranges from 20 to 40% . This very large Events of life are in His hand, figure is an important index to be And I would only say: "Appoint them in Thine own good time, And in Thine Own best way!" A. L. WARING. EDITED BY MISS A:MY G. LEWIS, NJ<.'W YORK THE NEXT ANNUAL MEETINGS extent of the indirect influence of Christianity among the people of this The next Annual Meeting of the country. . . . .. The Christians are Federation of Woman's Boards of numerically a small body but for Foreign Missions will be held January every family that numbers professed 6' to 10, 1928. The theme selected Christians, among its members, there by the Program Committee is, "In- are manv who have come in contact _creasing Power for Increasing Obli- with C};ristian work and teaching, gations. " Present-day situations in and, though not adherents of any lands where missions are at work will Christian body, are averse to any be presented by nationals. A frank step that would hamper the liberty facing of the real situation is sought. that Christians value ….. , The epi- sode effectively illustrates the general The Foreign Missions Conference sympathy of the people of Japan, and will be held from January 10 to 13, their legislature, with the Christian 1928. 'l'here will be joint meetings movement …… and the power of a of the Foreign Missions Conference vigorous and educated minority to inand the Federation Tuesday afternoon fluence the course of government." and evening to consider these subjects : The Jerusalem Conference, OPEN-MINDED Union Colleges, Christian Literature and The Home Base. A joint Young One of the prayers being offered by People '8 Session will be held on Sun- those preparing for the Jerusalem day afternoon. Conference is: JAPANESE PEERS AND "That members of the Couuci!, all who take part in the work of preparation, the CHRISTIANITY Mission Boards and the Churches overseas may be given an open and childlike mind, Missionaries in Japan are taking readiness to receive new ideas and willingnew courage for their tasks from the ness to venture forth on untried ways." shelving of the law proposed by the Minister of Education to control all To some it may seem a dangerous relip'ious teaching. The bill was de- prayer likely to lead into unknown cisively beaten in the House of PeerR. and unwise ways. It is interesting to see how open-mindedness and honesty "Christianity found friends in may have other results. Stanley many unexpeeted quarten; when this High, author of "The Revolt of bill came before the Diet," writes one Youth" and well-known for his symmissionary. "Many objectionable pathy with national aspirations. withfeatures were stricken out or modi- in and without the Church, writes in fied. In the Diet there was revealed The Christian Advocate of August 4th in a singular way the intellectual of his experience in India on his rechange that has taken place in Japan. eent :iourney around the world: The debates wrre keen, intelligent, fair, and revealed a knowledge of "There is more than one India …. Christianity and a wish to promote I landed in Bombav with an itinerary its growth that should hearten any rather well mapped out. An India~ doubting Thomas. The bill was finally student helped me to map it ……. . shelved in the House of Peers. " " 'If you want to know India,' he One of the leading Japanese papers said,' divide your time-exclusive of said (in connection with the defeat of the necessary side trips-between the bill) "Among. the factors which Gandhi's Ashram at Ahmedabad and impressed them (the Peers) was the Tagore's school at Shantanekatan.' "

774 After interviews in Bombay with India of the drawing rooms and distinguished members of Municipal student hostels of Bombay_ and Provincial Councils, Indian edi- "I went to the home of Brindaban's tors, bankers" merchants, Mr. High leading Hindu. His house was a sanc- met an Indian of whom he writes: tuary. Above the delicate carving of "This man-an Oxford B.A.-has the stone door there were inscriptions not done much in politics. But wHh from the Vedas. He came out onto a an increasing minority of Indians who little portico above a quiet courtyard have given themselves to social service, he is known and loved for his –an old man, kindly, considerate, good works wherever, in the cities of godlike. For a long time we talked to- India, men, women and little children [!,'ether. He told me of the hours, each are ground out on the wheels of mod- day, which he spent in prayer and of ern industry. the knowledge of God which those hour;; brought him. " 'What and whom have you been seeing?' he asked me when I ap- "Then I recalled the widows in peared at his office for an interview. the temple compound and the temple "I told him in some detail and with children up at the hospital, and it ocmuch satisfaction. He laughed. curred to me that Jesus-who also knew God-had insisted that that "'When will you start in on knowledge would find its final meas- India l' he asked. urement 'inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these.' So " 'What do you mean l' I told my Hindu friend of the things " 'Simply this: that you won't find I had seen and of the stories I had India in Bombay or Calcutta or heard about religion at Brindaban.

Madras, or even at Ahmedabad and " 'That is all true,' he said, 'and Shantanekatan. India doesn't speak much more that you do not know. English or wear shoes, and isn't met But what does that have to do with up with over the tea at four. India religion 1 There is immorality and of the future-the distant future- morality in Hinduism; oppression may be there. But if you are inter- and freedom. But we Hindus are con- cerned with none of these things. Reested in the India of the present, with ligion to us is communion of the soul whom you and I in our lifetime will with God; that and nothing more.' be concerned, get off the asphalt and on to the country roads,. The real "I came to India fed up with the India-and a vastly different place it intolerance of Christianity. I did not is-is in the villages where a mere believe in the sentiments of many of ninety-one of every hundred Indians our missionary messages and in the dwell. ' expressions of many of our mission "In the end I took his, advice and hymns. But away from the wide remade my schedule. Gandhi's Ash- porticoes and quiet classrooms of ram and Tagore's school remained on India's nine per cent I have seen anit, but they were included as side other India-not talked of over the trips. The regular route lay through tea. It is in this India that the misthe small communities, the smaller sionary serves. His message-since it the better. I have visited Mr. Gandhi and have continued to meet the lead- involves unpleasant facts and more en; of political India. But under the unpleasant responsibilities – may guidance of Indians and with their sound intolerant to the New Intelinterpretations I have seen and li~e~tsia. But it is a message of kindly learned many things about the other mllllstry and hope to the ninety-one ninety-one per cent. And most of all, ner cent in India's. population who I have learned how wide and deep live beyond the asphalt where, heavy with ancient fears, is the gulf that extends between them " 'The heathen in his blindness and their life, their India and the Bows down to wood and stone.' 'I

fROM.l1fANY

THE NEAR EAST ary Council to be held in Jerusalem Christ Lifted Up in Turkey next spring. The new secretary has MISSES ETHEL W. PUTNEY written of his work: "The Council and Edith H. Wiley, mission- wish my main work to be that of evanaries of the American Board in Tur- gelism, recruiting and deepening the key, wrote in a recent letter: "Those spiritual life of the indigenous and outside of Turkey who hear of the foreign Christians. The thought of prohibition of religious teaching in getting back again into the foreign our schools, have little idea of the mission field thrills me."

amount of spiritual yearning found, especially among the younger genera- New Church Me_bers in Syria R tion most affected by the social revolu-EV. W. S. NELSON writes of a trip to Birsheen, a mountain tion. They, like the same types of people all over the world, respond in village in Syria which for a year and admiration and reverence to any real a half had not been visited by a misportrayal of the personality and sionary: "That Sunday was one to teaching of Christ. Sometimes even be remembered. Two well-attended their hearts so respond to His teach- services were held, and we had conings, wherever they may have heard tinuous conferences and religious disthem, that they themselves urge the cussion. There were neople present acceptance of the principles which we from five other villages, in all of have been accustomed to consider dis- which there are interested groups of tinctly Christian. For all this, we are inquirers. Four bright young men very grateful and are more than ever came into church membership, and it eager to lift up Christ in word and was a pleasure to hear their eager and life. " intelligent answers to our questions.

Two of these are sons of one of the A Bible Lands Chrbtian Council most important men of the village, I T WAS announced in the Septem- who is unwilling to compromise his ber REVIEW that Robert P. Wilder, worldly leadership by uniting with founder of the Student Volunteer the little Protestant group, though Movement for Foreign Missions, ex- he always attends our services and pects to serve for three years as execu- was present when his sons joined the tive secretary of "the newly formed church. In conversation about the Christian Council of Western Asia building of a church which is much and Northern Africa." The field of this council includes about 85,000,000 needed, I said to him, 'We shall expeople, of whom 6·6,000,000 are Mos- pect you to head the subscription list lems, in Turkey, Syria, Palestine, with a good sum.' He replied with eagerness, 'Believe me, I will.' "

Iraq, Persia, Arabia, Egypt, the Su- 0 dan, Abyssinia, Algiers, Tunis and The Earthquake in Palestine the Balkans. There are Protestant LD Testament allusions to earth- missionary societies at work in this quakes and records of many such area with about 1,600 missionaries. events in more recent days show that Special responsibilities will be given "the little country which is the land to this body in view of the proposed of heart's desire for three religions.

meeting of the International Mission- Christianity, Judaism, and Moham- 776

J927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

medanism," has suffered frequently to talk and wave his arms about. We in this manner. The earthquake all sat still, and finally the preacher shocks which were felt on July 11th asked him if he was through; and were responsible for casualities num- looking earnestly at bim said, 'Well, bered at 6iOO dead and 3,000 injured. then, what are you going to do with The Christian Century thus sum- Jesus?' The man was so chagrined marizes the damage wrought in the and taken aback, that he sat down Holy Land: without a word. The courtesy and love with which these men were In Jerusalem portions of the Church of treated in our own church, when they the Holy Sepulchre, precious.to Christians were trying to cause trouble, made of all groups, have suffered severely. The other Moslems more in sympathy with Mohammedan Dome of the Rock, the so- us than ever." called Mosque of Omar, will require much repairing. The Zionist academy or univer- Persia Needs Christian Books sity has suffered the loss of one of its principal bnildings and much of its equipment. REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, Other effects of the shock have been felt in of the American Presbyterian various parts of the city and vicinity, es- Mission in lHeshed, Persia, writes of peciaJly at A5n Karim, the traditional home the need ·of Christian literature for of John the Baptist, and at Abu Dis, a town both inquirers and converts: "After back of Bethany, notorious for its bandits thirty or forty thousand copies of in the days of Turkish rule. At Bethlehem Scripture have been discriminatingly the Church of the Nativity has also suffered sold, with the vast amount of short and will need .extensive repairs. In Jericho, sermon preaching that goes with this one of the hotels was completely destroyed. work, it is only logical to expect that And in Nablus, the ancient Shechern, con- there will be men anxious to have persiderable portions of the town have been sonal conferences with some one about wrecked, including, as reports indicate, that what they have read and found interarea in which the Samaritans, the only sur· esting. And those who have newly vivors of that ancient group, had their believed on Jesus Christ, and who are synagogue and their homes. growing in Christian character, often come with special problems and ques- Education for Syrian Girls tions……. The missionary has very few books to choose from. We may FROM the nucleus of a few girl pu- have to wait for the second-generation pils in the early days of the Ameri- Christians to write the best books, but can Presbyterian Mission in Beirut, those eventual best books will be all boarding schools for girls, then day the better if the first-generation parschools, a nurses' training school, and ents have wholesome and stimulating a .iunior college for girls have had reading matter in their homes now." their slow but sure development, until even the doors of the American Uni- Moslem Teacher Accepts Christ versity have been forced to open wide enough to admit the eager women ARECENT conversion reported students. "It is a far cry from those early days," says Miss Ottora Horne, . from Persia is that of a teacher "when education for girls was con- in a Moslem school for boys whose sidered a preposterous scheme by the principal was a blind mullah. He had people of the land, to the present an infection and was brought to the when the university men are forced American hospital. After several to work their hardest to equal the few visits, he became interested in the women in their classes." Saviour and, with the doctor, studied the Gospel. Soon he learned that this Courtesy Disarms a Mullah Saviour was his Saviour too, and ac- cepted Him for himself. He then THE subject discussed at a prayer began to talk to others about his newly meeting- in Tabriz, Persia, was, found Master and to carry gospel por- "What will you do with Christ?" "Just after the preacher finished," writes a missionary, "a mullah rose, and began in a most excited fashion

tions and tract~ to !ti~ fellow teachers would return after having been con- and students. Some became interested verted to other faiths. The matter of and wanted to know more about the the uplift of the' untouchables' is now Gospel, but some went to the blind a prominent question among Hindus mullah and told him that this man of all classes. The lower classes them- was trying to make Christians out of lielves are holding conferences and Moslems. 'l'he blind mullah said, making demands and seeking outlets "You must not go to the American into higher and better things. The hospital any more.' , Nevertheless, newer Hinduism, as represented by the man did not stop going, nor did the Arya Samaj, has adopted several he stop teaching his associates, but Christian methods in its work ….. .

he did lose his position as teacher. Mohammedanism has no paid min- istry, for every man is supposed to be Open Honse in Baghdad a missionary. Lectures are being de- WHEN someone in Baghdad said livered, literature distributed, and in- to Dr. and Mrs. Calvin Staudt, creased activity is very manifest in "Your house is like a khan, people the community."

pass in and out its doors continual- ly, " they felt that they were reaching Some Social Evils of Hinduism A their ideal for their home. Mrs. N ILLUSTRATION of the lengths to which the laws of Hindu social Staudt men~ions among those who, she says, "come in through the wide- orthodoxy. will go is seen in the case open door," members of the Syrian of an aged woman patient in the Visand Jewish communities, the Iraqi nddhananda Marwari Hospital in Calofficials, missionaries from India, cutta, suffering from dropsy, who was Burma, Persia, and Arabia, and trav- expelled from the hospital because her elers from many lands, "But," she son had married a Marwari widow. says, "there is, first of all the large I t is charged that her expulsion from and varied acquaintance through our the hospital in a critical condition reboys. No school in Iraq has such a sulted in her death. variety of races and religions under The Indian Witness, a Christian one roof. Parents, from the janitor paper published in Lucknow, makes of a business house to the sheikh of this incident the occasion for the folone of the big tribes, come here with lowing statements: equal assurance. This relationship is Occasionally we are told that Hinduism but in its infancy. We plan for has produced a mild and gentle people, something much more intimate in the more Christ-like in character than those who profess to be disciples of Jesus. Those who future. " make such statements seem to be acutely INDIA AND SIAM and painfully aware of the social and mo:ral evils existent among Christians, but uncon- Foes of Christianity in India scions of the evils that afflict Hindu society.

OPPOSITION to Christianity on ……,The social reform movement in India has been distinctly slowed-up by numerous the part of Mohammedans and lllldeserved panegyrics on Hinduism and the Hindus was never better organized or time has come for plain speaking about the evils of the Hindu social system (unexmore aggressive than now, according reeded for cruelty in any civilized commuto reports received at the office of nity) such as child marriage, mistreatment the Foreign Missions Conference of widows, untouchability, and denial of from missionaries in the central elementary human rights to outeastes.

provinces of India. "Hinduism has undergone a change, one of the most India Reading the Bible A remarkable in the history of any T THE annual meeting of the British and Foreign Bible Sorf'lil!ion." writes one ~issionarY. "From heinl! simuly a conservative ciety various statements were made force, non-resistant, it has surldenly concerning the increasing interest in become a missionary relig-ion. It now the Bible shown by educated Indians.

opens the doors of caste to those who In the 'l'elugu country there is a

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

zcmindar-, a petty rajah, who has been indeed, and you take it to the poor spending the last two or three years and to the outcaste, but we zemindars in putting the whole of the New . , …. it has not been brought to 'l'estament into Telugu verse. At his us.' "

daughter's wedding he renrinted the Sermon on the Mount on good paper, South Indian Villages Changed and in good print, and presented a T HE Church Missionary Society copy of it to each of his thousands of has recently published a survey of guests. The lectures on the New the mass movements toward Chris- Testament given by Gandhi, at the tianity in those parts of India where it is at work. Bishop Azariah of request of the students, at the Na- Dornakal is quoted as saying that the tional College at Ahmedabad have movement in his South Indian diocreated an unprecedented demand for cese is growing in volume and Testaments in the Gujerati language, strength. The numbers of converts and several pastors in South India have greatly increased: 40,000 people report that young men and old men who have never been near a mission are being prepared for baptism now school have asked them for copies of in an area where five years ago the "the book which contains the Sermon number was 20,000. Whole villages on the Mount," for, they said, "Mr. are being changed because of the transforming power of Christ at work Gandhi has been writing so often in the lives of hundreds and thouabout the Sermon on the Mount, and sands of individuals, And the moveabout the Cross of .Jesus Christ, that ment, which for a long time was we want to have the book which tells confined to the outcastes, is now us these stories.'"

The Mohammedan's Appeal reaching their caste neighbors. Bishop Azariah tells of the baptism in one REY, A. G. COWIE, of the S. P. village of 117 candidates, 100 of G. Mission at Rawalpindi, in the ',,;hom were caste people, and this is Punjab. relates this incident of an sImply an illustration of what is pvangelistic tour: "One dav when happening in many districts. we had halted for our midday meal, a Mohammedanzemindar (land- AGod at Work in the Punjab owner) ;ioined us and asked me the LoTfHtOh eU GUHn i t eMdisPs r eHsabzyetle rBi aenn nMiest t~ usual 'Who? What? Whence? Whither?' I told him that we had come from Rawalpindi to tell the sian in the northern part of India Good News that was written in our recognizes the difficulties of winning Sacred Book. 'Oh ! well,. tell me Moslems to Christ, she is full of hope some,' he said. 'Onr great Good News as she writes: "Tn the past few is that we have a Jl.laster who is alive.' months we have witnessed whole vil- 'Yes. he is alive; I admit that. But, lages wondering at the wonderful love Sahib, Goa is One, is he not? or is which prompted God to give His Son. he more than One? You say that We have seen a Mohammedan boy of there are three Goas. Father, Mother good family confess Jesus Christ and a.na Son. can that be?' 'Khan Sahib,' then go back home and witness for T replied. 'You asked me to tell you Him. We have heard his lovely onr Good News. You never men- mother tell with nride of the wav her tioned anything about having an ar- son preached Christ in his own village p:nment. Our Good News is thi~. that and we have heard her ask us, oh so earnestly. to teach her to uray. Does while Mohammea Sahib is dead. our anyone doubt the miracles of our Lord ,Tesus Christ is alive. and can Lo'rd in His own time on earth or in p:ive strength and life.' These last words were met with a pathetic an- our own? Let such an one come to a peal, that was also an unwittin!!" re- Punjab village and see God work in proof: 'Ah 1 this is Good News these days. We would not have you

think that the barriers are all down ners, pennants, and pictures o~ Dr. or that Mohammedan India is ready and Mrs. Clark. There were about to turn to Christ, or that even great forty speakers on the program. The numbers are ready to accept our Lord roll of the provinces was called, and and Saviour, but we would have you only· three or four out of the total know that we are living in a time number failed to respond. This was when God is working wonders in the because the China Inland Mission and hearts of men and in a time when other agencies were holding meetings, many in these villages are strangely and missionaries from some provinces tenderhearted and hungry." were attending these meetings. Re- ports from the provinces stated the India's OuteDates Transformed number of societies in each and de- scribed the conditions. Among the THAT "many of the caste people resolutions adopted is one that reads: in South India have recently become Christians through the influence The Christian Endeavor organization has of their Christian outcaste servants" proved itself acceptable, adaptable, ani! is stated by those familiar with the indispensable to misslon work in China. At situation. 'In a letter to the Press, this time, when most of the missionaries Bishop Whitehead, formerly of Mad- have been driven from their stations, the ras, draws the attention of British Christians keep up their Bible study with people to what the Christian churches the Christian Endeavor topic.books as have achieved in' India, during the guides. last half-century, among the "depressed" millions. He points out that New Chinese Clergymen whatever effective measures may have been undertaken by the Government MIDSUMMER cablegrams from in behalf of nati';e agricultural la- Bishop Logan H. Roots asked for borers and others, still more has been the return to Hankow of certain misachieved by those whose service is, sionaries now in the United States. first and foremost, designed to spread How the Chinese Church is growing, the Gospel of Christ. He says: in spite of the political situation, is shown in a letter from Bishop Roots, It needs to be borne in mini! that a thou· describing the ordination on Whitsand years of opllression and contemT't has sunday of a group of Chinese, in so degraded the lives of these peonle th"t it which he says: "I have naturally had needs some powerful moral and spiritnal a great deal of hesitation about going force to raise them out of their hopeless ahead with ordinations at this present despair and set them on the path of prog· time. But this class seems to be, all ress. Thev have found this so far in Chris- of them, such good material, and to tianity and in Christianity alone. Thousands be meeting the difficult situations in of them dmin! the last fifty years have such fine spirit, and furthermore the Iouni! a new life in the Gospel of Christ. Standing Committee of this diocese At the present day they are bein! admitted and all my counselors here seem to be into the Chnrch at the date of about three so unanimous in approving this step, thousand a week. that I could not doubt the wisdom of going ahead. I was especially satis- CHINA AND TIBET fied with the statement of Newton Liu, when we were in the midst of a Shangha.i Has a C. E. Convention crisis a few weeks before. He said he hoped he could be ordained even if T HE presence in Shanghai of many in the near future the mission had to missionaries who h a v e been be broken up and the foreigners go forced to leave thf'ir Rtations in the home, for in that case he would reinterior of China has been made the turn to his country home. till his occasion by Rev. Edgar E. Rtrother, fields, and preach the Gospel and adveneral secretary for Christian En- minister the sacraments while making nAavor in China, for a convention. his own living, after the example of The meeting was held in Union the Apostle PauL" Church. Shanghai. which was decorated with Christian Endeavor ban-

NEWS FROM MANY LckNDS

Vows Renewed After Many Years University and is 'now professor of philosophy in Yenching University, ONE of the Chinese pastors in the constitute the committee in charge. Presbyterian Mission in Shan- They are translating articles from tung Province reports that when he Chinese magazines in order to help was preaching in a certain village, the American public realize the "an old man seemed unusuallv thoughtful moderate Chinese point of friendly. He followed me about ail view and the reasons why people in day and in the afternoon insisted that China of patriotic character are in- I go with him to his home and have terested in the overthrow of conservtea. He seemed to have something in atism and selfish militarism and in his heart which he wanted to tell me, the progress of moderate constructive so I went along to his home. We develoDments in their own country. talked a long time, and finally he Cooperating with them are a number said: 'Pastor, you must not think of of former missionaries in China who me as just an ordinary non-Christian are now in the United States. country man. I am a church member.' 'How is that?' I said. 'I have Friends of Chinese Moslems been about here all these years and have never heard of a Christian in T HE Moslem Committee of the Nathis village.' Then he told me his tional Christian Council of China story. He,had been a Christian be- was dissolved last year. Those who fore the Boxer uprising, and during were interested in the evangelization the persecution he was not able to of the Moslems greatly desired to stand, so burned his Bible and pub- carryon the good work of the former licly renounced his religion, and had committee, and therefore formed the never shown any public interest since. "Society of the Friends of the Mos- He had learned the worthlessness of lems in China," of which Rev. C. L. heathen rites, and could not make Pickens is secretary. This society himself return to them, so for these held an important meeting in Shangtwenty-three years had made no pro- hai on May 10th, at which the subfession of religion of any sort. That jects most emphasized were the need day in the market the promises of his of adequate Christian literature for old faith were laid before him again, Mohammedans and the importance of and his heart was touched. He truly arousing interest among Chinese repented and is now 'hot-heartedly' Christians in the evangelization of preaching in his village." their Moslem neighbors. H. D. J. Harding, who has worked in Kansu A Christian Publicity Service Province, in which there are estimated to be 3,000,000 Moslems, and later in T HE North China Council of the Honan, particularly stressed the lack Kung Li Hui (the Congregational of knowledge of Moslem beliefs or Church) has established a translation practices on the part of the Chinese and publicity service which, it is evangelists. "The average Chinese hoped, will be of assistance in ex- preacher, " he said, "is more ignorant changing between American and Chi- and therefore more afraid of the Monese newspapers and magazines the hammedans than the average foreign attitudes of moderation and mutual missionary. " sympathy that are being expressed in both China and America. Wynne A Hunanese Pastor Murdered Fairfield, one of the few white graduates of a colored university (Howard, THE Board of Foreign Missions of in Washington), Miss Rosium, a Chi- the Reformed Church in the nese secretary, and Dr. Lucius Porter, United States has received word of who during his recent furlough in the murder of one of its leading Chi- America was acting head of the De- nese workers, Pastor Chen Djoupartment of Chinese in Columbia Tsing. While he was putting up a

poster calling for respect of mission poverty of the Korean will be appre- property, members of the Farmers' ciated when the cost of a new song Union (communistic and anti-Chris- book is considered. This is seventeen tian) fell upon him and stoned him sen, or eight and a half cents. It was to death. for lack of this sum, combined with a Pastor Chen was a graduate of the passion to sing the praises of God Hunan Theological School and had a with his fellows, that he spent over record for" great improvement" dur- two hundred hours copying the ing the seminary course. He was pos- !'longs. "

sessed of a stentorian voice, rugged eloquence, and an energetic person- Fruit After Many Yea.rs ality. His station was situated at the A LETTER recently received by a foot of "Big Cloud Mountain," and missionary in Japan has been was originally intended to reach the Rummarized as follows in 'l'he Presbymultitudes of pilgrims who annually teria.n Magazine: "When you begin visit the shrines on this sacred moun- to read this letter, please think back tain. He mingled freely with the twenty years ago, when you held mountain people as well as with these weekly meetings for railroad men at pilgrims, and a Christian community Imajo, near Fukui, and try to rememhad been organized under his leader- ber a boy of thirteen among the men. ship. In those meetings the seed of Christ's JAPAN-KOREA teaching fell into my heart, but it was like a fruit of the palm carried to the A Hand-Written Hynmal sea and long buft'eted about till it A BfTLLETIN published by South- reached land and sprouted and grew ern Presbyterian missionaries in into a tree. For twelve years my Korea contains tIle following story: faith put out shoots, till about seven "He was the father of a family of years ago-and I was not baptized three, and himself past his prime till last November. I am a member when he first heard the gospel story. of a little group of about forty, who There was no doubting the sinceiity now have a little church building and of his interest. An educated man, in February became self-supporting. but dissipated, he was without funds A few nights ago I was in one of the or property, and unable to earn meetings in this little Kobe church, more than a bare living for himself and as the hymn 'Sunshine in My and family by teaching a small Ko- Soul' was announced, my thought flew rean school. One of the essentials of back twenty years to the days when I a Korean service is singing. Every- first heard it and you taught it to one must sing-the song book takes the railroad hands at Imajo. I its place alongside the Bible, in fact learned of your present whereabouts, in many instances they are bound to- hence this letter."

gether when printed. This man had no song book, but his determination Apples Increase the Oftering D to sing the songs with the others when EXTER N. LUTZ, Presbyterian missionary in charge of the agrihe attended services, and in his family worship, led him to borrow a book cultural department of Union Chris- from the missionary, which was re- tian College, Pyengyang, Korea, is turned in thirty days. He then ex- doing work that is bearing fruit in hibited his own book, made entirely more senses than one. There has been by his hand, using a brush and a soft a big apple crop, and dozens of prom- blank paper. Fbr thirty days he had inent men are now making consider- labored through nearly the whole of ably more than formerly, thanks to every night, as he painstakingly wrote several hundred apple trees planted out each word of the more than 250 on the hill sides.

songs in the hymn book. The relative Rev. W. N. Blair, D.D., writes of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

having been present at one station library, as well as the first kinuer- when the annual offering was made to garten in Korea. He was secretary cover the budget. "The first man to the Agricultural Department in the who made a pledge came forward and late Korean Government and, in 1895, said, 'The Lord has prospered me this helped found the Independence Club year by giving me a big apple crop -a Korean political institution. In and as I have promised to give one this year he also became the editor of tenth to Him, I will have to increase the Korea Christian Advocate and my regular Sabbath offering from was co-editor of a secular daily paper.

thirty sen to fifty sen per Sunday.' ]<'rom 1902 to 1914 he was pastor of "The next man said 'I gave fifty the Chong-dong church, and in later sen a Sunday last year and this year years held various positions under the I will be able to give one yen per mission of the Methodist Episcopal Sunday.' And so it went, through Church. During his ministry he bapone of the happiest meetings of this tized nearly four thousand persons kind I have ever witnessed. This, too, and sent out ten young men into the in a year when most of the churches ministry to follow in his footsteps and are so weak financially that helpers carryon .his work.

and pastors are not being paid, and ISLANDS OF THE SEA the people generally are more dis- Schools in the Philippines couraged than I have ever seen them. " RI<JV. E. K. HIGDON, of the Dis- ciples' Mission, acting President of the Manila Union Theological "A Good Man Neyer Dies"

LION K. JUNG, Korean chief of Seminary, states that there are in the the X-Ray department of Sever- Philippine Islands 110 Protestant ance Union Medical College in Seoul, schools with an enrollment of 5,396, pays his own tribute to the late classified as follows: 26 kinder- Charles Morris whom, says The Chris- gartens with 6·00 pupils, 32 primary tian Advocate, many knew as "the ideal missionary, " and then eon- schools with 1,632 pupils, 22 intertinues: mediate schools with 1,065 pupils, 14 secondary schools with 1,722 students, A few days later an old man walked into 3 colleges with 241 students, 2 theomy office and inqnired for Morris Seunkyosa logical schools with 25 students, 5 (missionary). W'hen I told him of Mr. nurses' trainin~ schools with 180 stu- Morris's death, he said surprisedly, "Why dent nurses, and 6 Bible training -how can he dieV" And when I asked schools with 180 students. In addiwhat he meant, he replied, "Morris Seunk- tion to these schools, most of which are in session during the regular yosa told me a good man never dies." Then he related that once he was an inn-keeper by a roadside in the far north. And he school year, there are daily vacation confessed that he was a bad man, sold bad Bible schools for the summer months. Last year there were 146 of them liquor to travelers and stole money from with an enrollment of 6,131. During those who were staying at his inn. But once Morris Seunykosa came to his inn to stop over night and told the inn-keeper the the school year, week-day religious. inwonderful story of the Bible. The old man struction is carried on in many of changed his life and, ever since then, has the provincial capitals and hundreds been a good Christian. Then the old man of high school students take advanconcluded with tears in his eyes, "At least Morris Seunkyosa will never die in my tage of the opportunities offered. heart.' , The total enrollment in the regular A Korean Christian Veteran schools, vacation schools and week- day religious instruction classes is al- PSTOR CHOI PYENG HUN, most 15,000 persons. This does not whom Gerald Bonwick, writing in take into account 1,057 church schools the Korea Mission Field, calls "one which meet on Sundays only, and of the great men of his generation," have an enrollment of 80.156 children opened in 1894 the first free reference and adults. '

Work for Australian Aborigines "raw red savagery, cannibalism and skulls" change to " peace, liberty, T HE Aborigines' Friends Associa- safety, friendliness," writes of his tion has been at work in Australia field today: for over sixty years. Among the methods of work described in its We need more grace, more gifts, more latest annual report are homes and love, more heroism. The earlier missionshelters, ration depots., medical stores, aries dealt with primitive conditions and Christmas cheer, assistance in famine simpler problems; they got into closer periods, and the issuing of portions of touch with the people; their love, and zeal, the Scriptures in the native tongue. and sincerity were in those closer grips The Gospel of Luke in the Aranda more easily recognized. The man who in dialect has been a source of satisfac- the old days traveled· weary miles in a canoe tion to the Association and to the proved, by that act, his devotion in a way natives, but, says Ausiralia,n Chris- he could not do today, hurrying over the tian World, "it is in the educative same space in the comfort of a swift, features of the whole work that re- cabined launch. Similarly with the pioneer ligion is being made real. The loving who, on his knees, washed and dressed the devotion of the nurses at Point Pearce terrible ulcers-the love and spirit of servand Point McLeay, the ministrations ice were patent to all; today he has others of Mr. and Mrs. Kramer and their trained to do those services, he is multiplied native assistants ~ver vast areas of ten times, it may be a hundred times, and Central Australia, the affectionate may .spend his very life-blood in adminiscare and kindness to the native chil- trative detail; but he is removed from close dren here recorded indicate the direc- personal contact with the people, and it tion in which religion is made a takes a greater surge of love to stir the present persuasive power in the lives native heart as the pioneer did. So I say of the native peoples." that we want bigger men and better men to do the work today. News from the Solomon Islands NORTH AMERICA DR. NORTHCOTE DECK, F. R. G. S., who represents, the South Y. M. O. A. Industrial Conference Sea Evangelical Mission, an Australian undenominational society, says THE tenth annual session of the that, in looking back over nineteen Silver Bay Conference on human years of service in the Solomon Is- relations in industry was held from lands, the words that rise to his lips September 1st to 4th, under the ausare. "They shall abundantly utter pices of the Industrial Department of the memory of Thy great goodness." the Y. M. C. A. Among the speakers He continues: and leaders of discussion groups, were representatives from numer(')us com- But it is very difficult to give a fair esti- panies typical of the industry of the mate of the present state of the work in country. Subjects discussed included the Solomons, with its more than 200 en- " American Industry and the World, " tirely Christian villages, its hundreds of "The Scientific Approach to Induskeen, devoted, unpaid native teachers, and trial Relations," "Ideals for Medical its 8,000 converts…. The years of intense Service in Industry," "Improving labor at the Onepusu Bible School are now Industrial Relationships on the Railbearing abundant fruit, and in most of the roads," "Labor's View on Cooperaestablished villages there are reasonably tion, " "From Ellis Island to good teachers, able and keen to give spirit- American Citizenship," "New Reual teaching up to a growing standard_ And sponsibilities of Modern Business," the result seems always to be an increasing "Progress in Eliminating Human appetite for the things of God_ Wastes in Industry," "The Spiritual Dynamic." The Workers Papua Needs Today New England Pastors Confer REV. M_ K. GnJ~WUR, who in his twenty-five years of service in T HE tenth annual pastors' confer- Papua under the Methodist Mission- ence for clergymen of all denomiary Society of Australasia has seen nations in the Connecticut Valley, including western Massachusetts, was held under the auspices of the Pas-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

toral Union of Connecticut and the Recently someone there conceived the Hartford Seminary 'Foundation, Sep- idea that it might be a good thing tember 12th and 13th in Hartranft for these diverse groups to get ac~ Hall, the new recitation building of quainted with each other, and the the Hartford Theological Seminary. result was five "nationality nights." The leader was Rufus M. Jones, Pro- Two pageants were prepared and prefessor of Philosophy at Haverford sented, and Mexicans, Negroes, Fili- College, and well-known author, pinos, Japanese and Blue Triangle whose general theme was" The Deeper girls representing American-born Nature of Man and Man's Experience whites presented vocal and instruof God. " The conference was largely mental music, readings, pageants, and attended, and both the leader's contri- displays of handicrafts. The Japanbution and the discussion periods ese exhibit was especially artistic. On were interesting and challenging as a the Mexican night the principal adpreliminary to the fall work of the dress was given by Carlos V. Ariza; ministry. Mexican consul at Calexico. The musical and dramatic numbers of the New Negro Y. M. O. A. Buildings Negro program, with a local Negro school principal as chairman, were WITH four modern buildings in very effective. The" nationality course of erection, two building nights" were given in the Methodist, campaigns nearing completion, and Baptist and Christian churches and four more in· prospect, the service of a public school building. Although this department of the Y. M. C. A. sponsored by the Federated Mi£- is being greatly expanded. Corner- sionary Council, the large audiences stones for a $225,000 building at included many men and women out- Buffalo, N. Y., and a $175,000 build- side the Federation membership. ing at Atlantic City, N. J., were laid Groups of each race witnessed the; in .June. A building at Dayton, Ohio, programs given by others. to cost $195,000, and one at Montclair, N. J., to cost $150,000 are in Plans for Negro Ohurch Union. ', process of erection. All are expected to be ready in the fall or early winter. T W~ large Negro ~lfethodist church White citizens of Winston-Salem, N. bodIes are plannmg for organic C., have agreed to raise from $150,000 to $200,000 for the erection of a build- union. The African M. E. Church, ing on property purchased by the colored group, who raised $38,000 founded in 1794 in Philadelphia, and instead of the $25,000 which they had pledged. In the recent New York the A. M. E. Zion Church, established City building campaign the Negro citizens raised $86,000 of a $100,000 in 1796 in New York, propose to unite quota, which they expect to complete in due course. It is planned ulti- under the title of the "United Methmately to expend $750,000 in the expansion of property, equipment and odist Episcopal Church," which, it service for colored men and boys in New York City. will be noted, gives no indication of'

"Nationality Nights" a Success race. Meantime, The Christian Re- THE Imperial Valley of California corder, organ of the first of these two is unique in many respects. It is bodies, has proposed a federation ot one of the hottest places in the United States, it is below sea level, its soil all Negro churches, giving a plan in is amazingly productive, and it is inhabited by people of many races. considerable detail. W. L. Hutcherson, 5 of the Y. M. C. A. in Wichita, Kansas thinks that much finer race relation; would be secured if the Negto churches would enter heartily into the"

program of the Federal Council of"

Churches, which has provided them' with a secretary, Dr. George K Haynes. He writes: "

. I w.ould rath.er see. the Negro. Congrega- tlOnahsts exerCIse theIr prerogatives in too' Federal Council, by virtue of being' a eon~

stituent part of the great National Council they did not want to see us or have of Congregationalists, than by virtue of us read the Bible and pray. Some membership in some great super-organiza- time ago Mum-su-kanwuh, an old tion of Negro churches_ The same is true leader of the peyote religion, said, 'I of the Presbyterians, Episcopalians, the don't want to hear from your Book Methodists, etc. This is interraeial coop- or become a Christian because I might eration. get mean like the white people.' An- other one said to me, ' You're just a Negroes at a Chicago Mosque little boy yet, when you get old and wise I '11 listen to you.' Then there ' EV, JOHN VAN ESS, D_D_, of are some who say, 'I don't want to be R the Arabian ~Iission of the Re- a Christian, because all my loved ones are lost and I'd rather go to hell with formed Church in America, recently them tlian be in heaven alone!' On visited a mosque of the Ahmadiya sect the other hand are those that are in- of Islam in Chicago. He reports that terested, who appreciate our coming, it is housed in an ordinary two-story and send us on with words of enflat building, with nothing in outward couragement.' , appearance except that at the front edge of the room is a small green- J apane.se-American Christians painted dome, flanked by two slender and not very tall spires which typify REV. JOHN :111. YAMAZAKI minarets but could not function as writes from Los Angeles that the such. Twenty-nine people were pres- Japanese Christians in California, in- ent that S.unday morning, all of them stead of resenting the passage of the Negroes except two Indians. Dr. Van anti-Japanese laws, rather are in- Ess says that the speeches "were in clined to accept them as a challenge, fact quite crude and entirely lacked are sincerely trying to have their secthe subtleties which characterize con- ond generation become good Ameritroversy: of even an average mullah can citizens, and to prove by them in Arabia." When testimonies were that the Japanese are not such undeinvited, three Chicago Negroes em- sirable and unassimilable people. This phasized the racial grievance and Christian-Americanization work is beclaimed that Christianity is only a ing done very earnestly by various white man's religion. Dr. Van Ess denominations on the Pacific Coast. .continues: In Los Angeles alone there are eleven different churches at work in evangel- At the elose of the testimonies the collee- ization of the Japanese. The Presby- 'tion ,vas taken and the leader announced terian and Congregational Churches 'that prayers would be said, to be followed by have united in building a $100,000 'lee cream (shades of the prophet!). The church for the Japanese; the Meth- ('ompany adjonrned to the npstairs prayer· odists have a $45,000 building, the room whither I followed. The Indian leader Baptists a $40,000 building, the Chris- wearing a turban led the prayers, all facing tians one costing $70,000, the Re- east. Twelve Negro Int'n in two rows with formed Church a $30,000 building. uncovered heads, together with two small The Episcopal Church, while its e- boys, went through the genuflections, re- quipment is small, has the largest 'peating, after the leader, in Arabic the first Sunday-school. word appropriate to each genuflection. The women stood or sat in the back but took no Chinese Girls in California ~urtlter part. HELPING these girls to find suit- Excnses Given by So:me Indians able employment is one of the tasks of their Christian friends. Few ,VARIED experiences fall to the lot opportunities open to the Chinese girl of Robert P. Chaat, as he covers who has had no specialized training. More dangers and temptations beset the large field of the Comanche Mis- :sion in Oklahoma, of the Reformed Church in America. He writes: "Usually the people are willing to stop and listen, but sometimes find excuses for not hearing the Word of life. '~ome have even told us frankly that

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

her way than that of her Occidental porters at home. Workers have been sister. Notwithstanding these handi- thrown into jail, their literature caps, the average girl who steps from burned, and their lives saved only by the sheltering mission home into the miracle. W. C. Townsend writes: outside world of industry succeeds in "Now where mobs formerly gathered making for herself a place and in to kill, sympathetic crowds listen hunkeeping untarnished her good name. grily to the Word of Life. Threaten- The American-born Chinese girl of ing frowns have turned to friendly normal family and surroundings, smiles. The workers are sought out given the same amount of education for explanations from the 'Wonderful and technical training, will easily Book.' When two students from the compete with her Western sister. In Bible Institute returned recently San Francisco a fine high school, pri- from a week-end visit to Nahaula, vately endowed for the training of their eyes beamed with joy, although girls in domestic arts, objected to ad- their faces at once wore a rather puzmitting Chinese girls because their zled expression. They had gone to highly developed technical skill would this town expecting the usual persebring them into too marked competi- cution, but instead had been received tion with the American girl. in a kindly fashion by almost every- one. Then we remembered that LATIN AMERICA 'prayer changes things.' This is the A Ni"81'agua~ Convert's Conrage beginning of great things. All Guate- mala will notice when the Gospel re- DON JUAN FLETES, of Granada, ceives a large entrance into Nahuala Nicaragua, professed his faith in and Ixtahuacan." Christ in February, 1926. A missionary writes of him: "He has been EfFective Work in Porto Rico most liberal in his offerings. Nor has he failed in his testimony as a con- T HE evangelical work in Porto verted man. A short while ago the Rico is carried on by some 300 pasmanager of the freight office here got tors, missionaries and workers, who into a discussion with don Juan, try- represent seven denominations, 200 ing to offend or insult him. He was organized churches, 332 other preachfinally led to confess that don Juan, ing places, 383 Bible schools, and though having been so short a while 138 young people's societies. These in the despised 'religion,' knew a churches have over 13,000 members great deal about it. The man was in good standing. The Bible schools hound to test the believer and finally have over 26,000 members. The told him that his religion demanded church properties, including hos- Qf him to bear all things, 'But,' he pitals, orphanages, schools and day said, 'you know that you would not schools, are valued at $1,834,535. The give me your whip and allow me to fine spirit of cooperation among these thrash you.' The answer of don Juan workers, expressed in the Evangelical was to hand the man the whip and Union, the Union Theological Semiturn his back, ready to receive the nary, and a united board of publicawhipping. But as he did so he was tion, has been emphasized in the REled to say, 'In the name of Jesus VIEW. Mrs. E. M. Irvine-Riviera Christ I receive this punishment,' writes of specific denominations that and the man did not have the courage the Baptists have taken the lead in to use the whip." having self-supporting churches, that the Presbyterian Church has distin- Prayer Answered in Guatemala guished itself in educational and health work, and the per capita giving NAHUALA and Ixtahaucan are of its adherents, and that the Congre- two very primitive Indian towns gationalists "are doing a big work for which workers in the Central from both the health and the educa- American Mission have often asked tional standpoint." for special prayer from their sup-

Church Self-Support in ,Colombia "Wild" and "Tame" Indians T HE Colombia Mission of the Pres- AT THE annual meeting in London byterian Church in the U. S. A. f t of the Heart of Amazonia Misreports that in the schools there has been a general increase in enrollment sion (World Evangelization Crusade), and self-support. There was raised Rev. Gilbert Barclay pointed out that on the field for all purposes during up to the present their workers had the past year about $80,000 (American been engaged in seeking to evangelize gold), which sum is over $23,000 more either the "tame" Indians, or secthan the amount appropriated by the tions of "wild" tribes that had been Board to the Colombia Mission for "pacified." They knew a little of the all purposes, including missionaries' dangers and trials and sufferings that salaries. A missionary writes as fol- had been gone through in relation to lows of one of the methods by which this devoted service, but there yet rethese results have been obtained: mains the larger and more insistent and tremendous problem of getting at A number of church members in Medellin the "ferocious" Indians-those who are tithers. The pastor (a Colombian) be· shoot the white man at sight. No man came enthusiastic, informed himself thor. dare approach these "wild" Indians oughly and then gave a series of sermons except the agents of the Indian Proon the subject. A tithers' league was tection Service, organized under the formed in the church, and this organization auspices and the authority of the undertook to continue the work. This Brazilian Government-men whose campaign has· had to contend against a very courage and resourcefulness are deep·seated misconception and hatred for the marvellous. This is a problem similar system which has been caused by the to that faced by John Williams, practice of the Roman Catholic Church here, Bishop Patteson and Barbrooke in the past, of collecting the tithe from the Grubb. people almost by force. EUROPE An Ex-Monk Accepts Christ Church of England Prayer Book REV. c. A. PATTON, who repre- sents the Evangelical Union of T HE recent statement by a news- South America in Cuzco, Peru, had paper that the Revised Prayer an unexpected visitor one morning in Book has been "the summer's best a Roman Catholic priest, who intro- seller" is one way of expressing theduced himself by saying: "I want to great interest that has been taken in become a Protestant, and would like this subject by Englishmen both withto come and live with you." This in and without the Church of Engman, who since his baptism has been land. The Church Assembly has known as Senor Montano, is a Bo- voted to accept the book, and Parlialivian with some Italian ancestry. In ment is expected to vote on it at its 1920 he entered the Dominican mon- autumn session. Evangelical Chrisastery in Lima, Peru, being then tendom states: seventeen years of age, and spent six years there. His refusal to accept all The emphasis of the controversial partEr the interpretations of his professors of the book is placed on a sacramental view and his occasional discussions of dif- of the Lord's Supper which was rejected by ferent points called forth the warning the Reformers and was never held by any that he must not continue in such but a very few members of the Church of ideas for they would certainly lead England,UJitil the rise -of the Tractarianhim into heresy. He secretly obtained movement. The Anglo·Catholic leaders who and read some evangelical literature support the book declare that it gives them and finally escaped from the monas- all that they have been fighting for during tery. His family has cast him off, the last forty years. I1-nd Mr. Patton has great hopes of his future usefulness as an evangel- Bishop Knox, an Evangelical, wrote ical worker. to the London Times: If the Deposited· Book is accepted by Parliament we shall have to ask ourselves

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whether we, holding this view, can continue available for those who do not· know membership or ministry in the Church of IJondon, and the promoters are people England. As citizens we shall have to con- who can secure for the guests privi- leges not ordinarily available to sider whether a Church that rests on a tourists. The house is intended for foundation of error should be the National short-period guests in the summer, but will offer accommodation at other Church. seasons to residents from other coun- tries. Detailed information may be On the othe r hand, LquoordtedWboylmThe~r obtained by addressing International supporting the book, is Guest House Secretary, 19 Sydenham Hill, London, S.E. 26". Living Ch1tTCh as saying that, since Churches in Czecho-Slovakia the book has been approved by both T HE. Evangelical Church of Bothe Church Assembly and diocesan hemIan (Czech) Brethren is a union of the Reformed and Lutheran conferences, its rejection by Parlia- Churches which took place after the war. It numbers more than 250,000 ment would lead to the disestablish- adherents and is the remnant of the old Hussite Churches. The congregament of the Church of England. tions, with the exception of one, are found in Bohemia, Moravia and Sil- Two English Churches Unite esia. Besides the Czech Brethren there are in Czecho-Slovakia other ON JUNE 15th a union was con- Protestant denominations: the Con- summated between the Reformed gregationalists, (called now the Unity Episcopal Church and the Free of Czech Brethren), the Biblists, the Church of England. In this union Moravians, and the Methodists, all of the prayers and hopes of many years them founded by special missions were realized. The Free Church of from abroad. They number alto- England was organized in 1845 to gether about 25,000 adherents. All meet the needs of Protestant Evan- these churches are of the Czech nagelical Churchmen. The Reformed tionality. Then there is a German Episcopal Church was established in Lutheran Church (in Silesia) num- England in 1846 as a result of and bering 40,000 adherents. In Slovakia in opposition to the Tractarian Move- and Ruthenia there are the Lutheran ment. The Churches had the same Church, with 370,000 adherents, Tlreform of worship, the same purpose, vailing of Czech-Slovak nationality, and held the same doctrines. An ef- and the R,eformed Church, with 210,- fort was made in 1876 to unite them, 000 adherents, prevailing of Magyar but it was so decisively defeated that nationality. the matter was dropped for many years. The union just brought about Christian Endeavor in Spain was by the unanimous vote of every congregation in both bodies. The title ALTHOUGH the population of of the new Church will be The Free Spain is overwhelmingly Roman Church of England, otherwise called Catholic, and Protestant work is car- The Reformed Episcopal Church in ried on under severe restrictions, the the United Kingdom of Great Britain Christian Endeavor movement is and Ireland. making progress. Mr. Jose Capo, secretary of the Spanish Christian An English International House Endeavor Union, writes that there are about forty societies in the country, AGROUP of leaders representing with a membership of 1,500. He says: various organizations interested "As you probably know, the evanin international fellowship have established, in a pleasant suburb of London within twenty minutes of Westminster, an International Guest House where visitors from all lands will find a welcome. The house stands in several acres of woodlands on high land near the Crystal Palace, making an agreeable retreat after days of sight-seeing in town. Advice will be

gelical Christians here are going These schools have rendered great through trying times. The difficulties services to our country. From them to be overcome by those who wish to came our first statesmen and public testify to the Gospel of Christ have servants. Many mothers in Bulgaria increased owing to restrictions put on have come from them. Throughout religious liberty; but we do not de- their existence they have exercised a spair, for God has not forsaken us. strong moral influence on our national The young people have been En- life. In the development of tolerance, deavorers up to now, but I can confi- honesty, industry, steadfastness, and dently state that they are something of learning we owe much to these more: they understand their respec- schools, which have cultivated the tive churches. Not one group has said Anglo-Saxon virtues in our Bulhauled down the flag; on the con- garian soul." trary, it is worthy of note that from time to time we receive letters asking Soviet Union Census us to form new societies." The Christian Endeavor Union publishes a A CABLE from Moscow, August paper entitled La Hoja del Esforza- . 10th, gives the total population dor. It is at present a quarterly, but of the Soviet Union in round numbers it has proved so helpful that the as 146,200,000, according to a re- Union may publish it monthly in en- port submitted the Council of Peolarged form. pIe's Commissaries by the Central Statistical Department. Russia proper Gel'Dlan Celibate Women Clergy (the R. S. F. S. R.) contains 100,- 500,000 people, Ukraine 28,900,000, AWIR,ELESS message from Ber- White Russia 4,900,000, Caucasus 5,- lin, May 9th, to the New York 800,000, Uzbekistan 5,100,000 and Times reported the decision of the Turkestan 1,000,000. General Synod, according to which women may now enter the clergy in Russian Atheist Admits Defeat the Evangelical Church as long as they remain celibates. The training T HE fact that there has been for the clergy is the same for both enough religious activity in Russia sexes: The women will be assigned as recently to cause anxiety among the teachers to girls' homes and hospitals, members of "the Anti-God Society" homes for the aged and at prisons, was reported in the August REVIEW. and will conduct religious services for Light is thrown on the situation from children and instruct girls' Bible a different angle in a lecture delivered classes. Women clergy will not be by "the Commissioner for Atheism," allowed to perform marriage cere- Jaroslawsky·Gubelman, from which monies, conduct funeral services, bap- the following is quoted: tize, preach or administer sacrament. Their salary will amount to about The fight against religion is becoming three fourths that of male preachers. endless, obstinate, and very ungrateful. According to the statutes of the Communis- American Schools in Bulgaria tic Party, every member has to carryon atheistic propaganda. But no one does it. T HE following tribute has recently Many are eager atheists only in words; been paid to American mission but in their homes one can see a lot of schools by the Church Newspaper, an icons. Women are espeeially very obstinate official organ of the Holy Synod of in their resistance to a healthy atheism. Bulgaria: "These institutions, which have existed for more than half a cen- The churches are renewed, and the clergy tury, came with the American evan- is busy getting means for gilding the domes. gelical missions, and were founded in We cannot ignore the elevation and growing the name of pure Christian morality. strength of our enemy ……. The greatest danger lies in the propagation of the sects. This renewed ' , purified" religion is the most dangerous one. But we have found it impossible to fight the sectarians.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

AFRICA took his stand in front of the AzhaJ! University (the intellectual center of Hospital Overcomes Hostilit.,- Islam) and handed the bills to the sheikhs as they went in and came out.' THE hospital conducted by the At the first meeting, out of an audi- Egypt General Mission at Shebin- ence of ninety persons, sixty were el-Kanater is a center of Christian in- sheikhs. fluence in many near-by villages. H. Frank Rose, M.D., writes of one such African Funeral Transformed village, where three of the Mission's Egyptian evangelists were bitterly A GONTRIBlTTION from an unopposed, on their first visit, by a usual source carne recently to group of Moslem sheikhs. He says: Rev. G. C. Beanland, of Yaounde, "We have visited that village fonr West Africa. One of the evangelists. times, and each time have been greatly encouraged by the responsive hearings a. of the mission is in a town where "the' granted. Further, it is my custom, when interviewing patients who are mother of the headman has been discharged, to mark an asterisk in my member of the Christian Church. She visiting book opDosite the names of died and when they went to bury her'; those who have shown special intelli- according to Bulu custom they mled gence and interest in the message. the grave with cloths, head dresses; These names are arranged according and other articles that the spirit to town or village. My records show might have use for in the spirit world: that the three patients in the hospital The evangelist, a man of strong conc most promising, from the evangelistic victions, went to the headman arid point of view, in the last few weeks told him it was not the custom that came from the very village where we Christians should follow, and that if met such opposition only a few he had gifts to give to the dead, h6 months ago." should give them in money that could be used for carrying on God '8 work; Christian Lectures for Moslems and not be buried with the body_ The headman so respected his dead I N JANUARY, 1925, missionaries of mother, as well as the Christian evan-' the Church Missionary Society in gelist, that he took all the things out Cairo began discussion meetings with of the grave, gave his mother a Chris- Moslem students. The missionaries' tian burial, had hy:rims sung and home where the meetings were held prayers offered, and then gave thebecame known as "The House of Free evangelist seventy francs that he- Speech. " Two meetings each week might send to the white missionary to< have been held since then to consider be nsed in carrying on God's work.' > not only religious and devotional themes, but questions of moral and Plans for Liberia's Progress social conduct. Encouraged by what had already been accomplished, the A~ EDUCATIONAL conference on missionaries resolved in October last ft Liberia was held this spring at to launch out upon a more venture- Hampton Institute, Virginia, under some scheme. Twelve special speakers the direction of James L. Sibley, who were invited to deliver a lecture in a is described as "educational adviser" ser'es of twelve fortnightly meetings, to American boards which have misdealing with the fundamentals of the sions in Africa." Missionaries at Christian faith. The faculty of the horne on furlough from the Lutheran, American University in Cairo placed Methodist and Episcopal Churches their Assembly Hall at the disposal were in attendance. In addition 'to of the missionaries, and for each meet- the Liberian workers there were ing 2,000 handbills were printed and others from Angola and the Cam~ distributed in the main student cen- eroun. One who was present thus ters. One Egyptian co-worker boldly summarizes some of the results achieved: "First, a curriculum was

worked out for the schools-four new minerals, the population both of years primary, four years interme- Europeans and' of natives, concendiate, and four secondary. It was trated in the towns and mining camps mutually agreed that all this work of this mineral field, is steadily inshould be as simple as possible, creasing. . . . Sixteen leaders hold adapted to the native child's environ- their classes on Tuesday night in vament, and using native arts and ma- rious places in the native town, in the terials wherever possible. Handiwork various industrial concerns, and in was stressed as important. The sec- other outlying localities. In addition, ond result was a series of readers for there are other active workers among the primary grades and the third a the laity, both men and women, who definite program of work with women are constantly bringing in new people and girls of the native village, which to be enrolled as 'hearers '. The ofaims at personal evangelization plus ficiary of the church is well organized. better home and health conditions." Twelve stewards, as a group, take the responsibility, under the leadership O·New Burial Place for Mackay of the missionary, in passing on the NE of the great names on the roll individual merits of candidates for of missionaries to Africa is that advancement from 'hearers' to 'cat- 'Of Alexander Mackay, Scottish engi- echumens', and then from that class neer. It was on June 30, 1877 that to be baptized and received into full Shergold Smith and C. T. Wilson, membership. " :after a perilous journey from the coast, reached the court of King GENERAL Mtesa, of Uganda, whence two years previously Sir H. M. Stanley had Three C. E. World Commissions sent his urgent letter to London asking that missionaries should be sent AT THE recent International Chrisout. Mackay had tried to get into the tian Endeavor Convention in country by the southern route, and Cleveland, Ohio, three commissions he did not join C. T. Wilson, whom with a world outlook were appointed. Smith's death had left utterly alone The first, consisting of members apin the country, until November, 18;78. pointed by all National and Inter- The bones of Mackay now rest in the national Christian Endeavor Unions cemetery under the shadow of the together with other youth movements, great cathedral which has been erected will meet at the call of the World's on one of the hills of Kampala, the Christian Endeavor Union to concapital of Uganda, their removal from sider ways and means for making Usambiro, at the south end of Vic- effective a world-wide youth crutoria Nyanza, being one of the most sade for peace. The General Secrestirring incidents in the week of jub- tary of the International Society of ilee celebrations. Forced to leave Christian Endeavor is executive sec- Uganda, the gallant missionary took retary of this commission. The secrefuge at Usambiro, and with his ond. consisting of members appointed faithful "boys" .around him estab- by the International Society of Chrislished there a new center of Christian tian Endeavor, the young people's delife and light. partments of all the churches, the World's Sunday School Association, African Chureh Officers the International Council of Religious Education, the Young Men's and the REV. .T. M. SPRINGER writes of Young Women's Christian Associa- the Methodist Mission in the tions, will meet to consider youth Belgian Congo: "The importance of evangelism. The Secretary of Chrisour Katanga field increases yearly. tian Vocations of the International With the enlargement of the indus- Society of Christian Endeavor is ext1)ial activities and the discovery .of ecutive secretary. The third commis. sion, consisting of representatives of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

all young people's groups, will meet state, national and international-was to further the cause of prohibition considered, and the social, economic, and law observance, and has as its political, moral and religious phases executive secretary the Extension Sec- of the question were discussed in a retary of the International Society of, series of group conferences. The ne- Christian Endeavor. cessity of scientific temperance educa- tion was stressed. A Young People's World League Against Alcoholism Rally was held under the auspices of the Intercollegiate Prohibition Asso- AN INTERNATIONAL meeting of ciation. There were also special meet- this organization was held at ings for Sunday-school workers and Winona Lake, Ind., from August 17th teachers. Among the delegates were to 23d-the first such gathering since representatives from practically all its convention in Toronto, in 1922. the organized temperance forces of The World League which was organized in 1919, by the representatives of the United States and Canada, and fourteen national temperance bodies, from most of the other countries of from eleven different countries, now comprises fifty-six national temper- the world. One delegate, whose arance organizations, from thirty-three rival in New York received considerdifferent countries. Every aspect of able attention from the newspapers, the beverage liquor problem-local, was Mme. Safie Hussein Bey, a Turk- ish feminist, who represented The Green Crescent Temperance Society.

Answers to Questions On Moslem Lands (SEE PAGE 770) 1. About 240,000,000. 2. Arabia and Afghanistan. 3. Japan, Korea and Tibet. 4. India, with over 70,000,000 Moslems. 5. South America. 6. Africa. 7. The battle of Tours, 732 A. D. 8. "There is no God but God; and Mohammed is the prophet of God." 9. 'Five times a day; at dawn, high noon, two hours before sunset, at sunset, two hours after sunset. 10. The Koran; it is not quite as long as the New Testament. 11. Mecca in Arabia where Mohammed was born, and Medina where he is buried. 12. Raymund Lull. 13. Henry Martyn. 14. The translation was begun by Doctor Eli Smith; after his death it was completed by Doctor Cornelius Van Dyck. 15. Ion Keith Falconer, the" Martyr of Aden." 16. Samuel M. Zwemer and James Cantine. First station opened in 1891. ]7. The Rt. Rev. Thomas Valpy French, Bishop of Lahore.

18. William Whiting Borden. 19. The Rev. Moulvi Imad-ud-din, D.D., a remarkable preacher and an eminent writer of Christian truth., 2.0. Kamil El Aietany who took the name Kami! Abdul Messiah (Kamil, Servant of Christ) at his baptism.

MISSJ[ONAmr LmRARY4 ~

' 0 . 0 ii'Uli ·bUG ~ ii'UU' LAAi "biKi· GVO Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.- THE REVIEW.

Mother India. Katherine Mayo. xiv. dominant religious sanctions. The 440 pp. $3.75. New York. °1927. result of these observations, carried on This book goes far to justify the through a brief period over a wide claim made by its publishers, that it area and among all classes of people, is unlike any other book on India that is an appalling book which reaches has been presented to the American the conviction that the whole pyramid reader, certainly in recent years. It of the Indian's woes, material and is a book that needed to be written and spiritual, rests upon a physical base.

is therefore timely, not only as it con- In the course of her investigation Miss tributes much to a balanced judgment Mayo studied conditions in rich homes in regard to an important and historic and in poor; in cities, villages, hos- people, but is a distinct corrective to pitals and temples. She held personal statements made with much positive- interviews with government officials, ness and exaggeration in recent years high and low, Indian and British; and to opinions formed upon the basis with doctors, educators, priests, of a desire to exercise a broad toler- Swarajists. She quotes copiously from ance toward a great people. Miss publications, both official and unof- Mayo went to India in 1£Q5, "unsub- ticial. She makes no unsupported sidized, uncommitted and unat- statement, neither does she handle her tached, " for the express purpose of investigations gently. Her treatment observing the common things in daily of the Indian '8 attitude toward WOffi- human life in India. While she at- en; toward the untouchables; to- tempted to leave untouched the realms ward elementary principles of of religion, of politics and of the arts, sanitation, brings out startlingly the and to contine her enquiry to public wide gulf existing between the In- health and its contributing factors, it dian's intellectual acceptance of is impossible to avoid drawing infer- Western ideals and his translation ences in regard to religious. and po- of them into action. The author goes.

litical conditions in India since the even further in her concentration on social customs of the people are so the sanitary problem as it actually closely related more especially to their exists, and she drives home with in- religious life. The introductory chap- escapable force the fact and the reality ter of the book is a very effective that the Indian is not only his own missionary document, although it is worst enemy, but that the temper and not intended to be such. Miss Mayo calibre of his mind and his outlook on deals primarily and faithfully with life are making him increasingly an social factors of the inner life of the international concern, both social and 300,000,000 who make up the con- physical. The most impressive chap- glomerate of races and creeds which ters in the book deal with Spiritual we call India. If the reader Is Mentality, The Wages of Sin, Why Is startled, the fact that the book is Light Denied? The Quality of Mercy, thoroughly authentic, and that its dis- The Home of Stark Want, The Holy closures are substantiated by author- City. There are also very illuminat- ities, will go far toward giving him ing chapters upon Gandhi, The Re- a new and a correct attitude in regard forms and Psychological Glimpses to prevailing conditions of life and of through the Economic Lens.

794 The author has greatly strengthened ization of the characters and examples her book by numerous illustrations, in brief sentences; then follows a not selected from available supplies in translation, and illuminating notes India, but taken everyone by members explanatory of words and sometimes of her party and directly illustrative of, characters. In another section are of her text; also by appendices of valuable grammatical notes explain- real value and an index which makes ing the use of particles in Wen Li immediately available desirable refer- style, the bane of the Classical Lan- ences. guage to most students. In the tales With other reviewers, we await the and folklore selections one discovers reaction of sound Indian opinion with the Chinese way of thinking. Other great interest. Indeed, this reaction sections contain documentary papers, is already being expressed in an ef- examples of newspaper articles, and fort on the part of ill-advised Indians fourteen samples of family letters to preveut the entry aud distribution which serve as illustrations of episto- of this book in India. This ought lary writing. The indexes of Chinese not to be, and probably will not be, particles and of characters which con- the more reasoned attitude of Indians clude the volume are defective in that who are sincerely interested in the the full index refers only to lessons vital welfare and progress of their and subsections, instead of to the Mother-land. w. 1. C. pages, causing a great loss of time.

Despite this defect, the book is so Introduction to Literary Chinese. J. much more intelligible than most sim- Brandt. 503 pp. Peking: North China ilar studies that missionaries will find Union Language School. (For sale also at the Y. M. C. A., 20 Museum Road, it of great value. H. P. B.

ShanghaL). 1927. Certain Samaritans. Esther Poh} Lovejoy.

This authoritative volume is of m. Maps. 302 pp. $3.50. New York.

little value for the average reader, as 1927.

half of its space is occupied by Chinese "It couldn't be done-so they did characters. A review of it appears it !" Over and over again the Amer- here because there are now in America ican 'Women's Hospitals proved equal hundreds of Chinese missionaries, and more than equal to the emer- driven out temporarily from China. gencies.

Most of these missionaries expect to The thrilling achievements of this return to their work as soon as con- organization in Europe and the Near ditions in China make it possible. East provides the material for a book These exiles may use the period of of tremendous interest. During these their absence from the field by study- years it worked in various areas in co- ing the Classical language in this l:iperation with the American Board volume. The author has been for (Congregational), the American twenty-three years advisor to the Wai Friends Service Commission, the Chiao Pu and head of the school which American Red Cross, and the Near that Board conducted for training East Relief.

students for consular and commercial The ministry of the A. W. H. was work. For the last two years Pro- to all-men, women and children of fessor Brandt has also been teaching any nationality. The situations which in the Missionary Language School, these women met were beyond imagi- which accounts for this highly credit- nation. They fought epidemics of able volume, one of the by-products typhus, of malaria, of influenza, of of this most advanced language school small-pox, often without adequate in the Republic. supplies and a lack of trained helpers, The first ten of the forty lessons amid conditions of famine, dirt, lack give the Wen Li text of the study, of shelter, terrible crowding, and the with a Mandarin translation; then a added psychological difficulties caused full vocabulary with Wade's roman- by the ignorance, rear, bereavement and sh()ck of those they aided. We author of a number of volumes, tire- follow Dr. Lovejoy through war- less student of European religious stricken France, Crete, Greece, conditions on many trips abroad, is Turkey, Macedonia and even into notably qualified to interpret to the Russia with the greatest interest. American mind a type of Protestant With horror we see the suffering of life as yet too little understood or the deported population from the appreciated in this country.

Black Sea ports, people without a The volume by these coauthors, country, on boats with no place to without being ponderous, is encyclo- land, finally dumped on a barren predic in its scope, subjects of the island, to die-save for the A. W. H. chapters ranging from the historic We rejoice when funds become avail- roots of continental Protestantism to able and enjoy the humor of the the changing theological front or the doctor's frantic and unavailing effort latest tendencies in the youth move- to reach the Ma,uretania. with "five ments. The different bodies making hundred unprotected millionaires" up the composite of European Protes- on board. tantism are' treated with a nne ap- We feel, as we read this book, a preciation of their qualities; and great joy and pride in the executive their tasks and problems are sympa- ability, the medical and surgical skill thetically discussed.

and the utterly self-effacing spirit Under the tremendous trial which of service of these women physicians came to almost all the European of the American Women's Hospitals. churches with the economic distress M. A. L. following the war, most· Roman Protestant Europe: Its Crisis and Outlook. Catholic institutions, owing to the Adolf Keller and George Stewart. 385 pp. $3.50. New York. 1927. organization and unity of conscious- ness of that branch of the Church, This is a book for the new age. The were finely sustained in their work, Protestantism it presents is profoundly modified by the forces operating while too many Protestant institutions throughout Europe in the post-war declined and collapsed because no one period. The readers to whom it will seemed to know or care. The defect especially appeal are the great com- of our dissociated and individualistic pany whose vision has been widened, whose sympathies have been broadened Protestantism there revealed will be by the events since 1914. While deal- remedied in a measure by the fuller ing admirably with the historical knowledge and understanding and apbases of the different Protestant preciation which such books as. this are groups of Europe, the regard of the book is forward. bound to foster. One is impressed by the witness to the unquenchable energy of spiritual forces. From the midst of our materially-secure Christian institu- Of the competence of our guides in tions we look across the ocean to see this study of an unfamiliar field we our kindred in the faith, not in the may be well assured: Dr. Keller, a past only, but in the present as well, native of Switzerland, a scholar victorious over tribulation and hard- honored by degrees from universities ship of which we know nothing. Once of Europe and America, pastor for a more the ancient symbol of the Prot- time of one of the outstanding Swiss estant faith is justified-the planting churches, an adminis.trator brought of the Lord that burns but is not con- into friendly contact with every sumed.

Protestant group in Eur()pe, is proba- One is aware further in reading bly without equal in his knowledge of this volume of an expansion of European Protestantism as it is. Dr. sympathy. Beyond parochial and Stewart, a graduate of Yale, one of national church interest we are the pastors of the Madison Avenue brought into touch with sister com- Presbyterian Church of New York, munions, representing a diverse religious .culture of great value and After 48 years of service he resigned in 1920 and returned to Scotland influence, and avenues of understand- where he died in 1£126. He left be- hind him as his monument, not only ing and cooperation are opened which the buildings of the mission and the converts, but the wonderful goodwill constitute an opportunity and a chal- of the people and the seed sown for miles around. That could only be lenge. o. w. G. the result of an utter giving of self in life-long sacrifice. A life like this Shepherd of Udaipur and the Land He is a grain of wheat sunk into the Loved. Geo'rge Carstairs. 306 pp. 16 ground and its fruitage is a hundred- very clear and satisfactory illustrations fold. nom photos. $2.25. New York. 1926. The only defect of the book is that This is a readable and inspiring the mind of the reader is not ready sketch of the life and labors of Rev. for chapter two when it is inserted .James Shepherd, M.D. and D.D. and with its intricate description of the K.I.H.M., who gave his life to the traditions and people of Udaipur. city and surrounding country of The insertion at this point blocks the Udaipur, in Rajputana, India. It is reader's way towards his developing not a great book, partly because the interest in Dr. Shepherd.-F. L. author had but· meagre materials at his disposal (little else than the 1,000 City Churches. H. Paul Douglass. matter-of-fact diary of Dr. Shepherd) 380 pages. 71 tables. 59 charts and but a great life is pictured for us in graphs. 58 appendix tables. $4.00. New a way that leads the reader to admire York. 1926. and love the hero. One is stirred deeply by that life, moulded by This seems to us to be one of the blessed influences of the Spirit in most valuable religious publication of Aberdeen, Scotland, and then trans- the year although not likely to get the planted into the midst of Hinduism public eye. It is the product of a to spread the power of Christian truth scientific study by the case method and love. One's heart is moved by of 1,004 carefully selected city his unselfish devoti{)n to the people churches to discover types, tendencies, year after year and by his heroism underlying principles, cost and efin heat and in epidemics of cholera. fectiveness of types, It throws a flood No wonder he was awarded the of light on the actual operation of Kaiser-i-Hind medal of the first class. Protestant churches in cities–some- thing badly needed for years. The Dr. Shepherd was a rare combina- case studies are so numerous and intion of ordained pastor and medical tensive that there can be no question missionary. After :five years of in- but that the actual story is told. troductory work in other places in Protestant churches have developed Rajputana he took up his residence hitherto on no clearly thought out in Udaipur and extended his in- principles, and therefore with enorfluence, built and maintained his mous wastage. It is possible now to hospital, which the Maharaja named measure a church effectively and to "The Shepherd Mission HospitaL" guide its program more intelligently. We marvel at the amount of work this missionary accomplished–dis- The initial surveys made by the pensary and surgical, preaching and Interchurch World Movement have teaching, and traveling on evan- been partly salvaged and of the ],004 gelistic tours far and wide. He took churches studied, 327 were taken from a special interest in the Bhils, the the Interchurch files. savages of the neighboring mountains, and started a church among T1].is volume should be of great them which developed in a wonderful value to ministers, professors and way after his death. Dr. George students in theological seminaries, de- Adam Smith said that he was the nominational administrators, and in ll].ost remarkable man and the most devoted worker he had seen India. thoughtful laymen who want to see of neighborhood service and enlarged the money well spent which they are putting into local churches. The book budgets. These are the growing, is a great condensation of factual material, and therefore requires close winning churches. Interestingly their study, but when its technique and the structure of its charts have been per capita benevolences increase with mastered in the first seventy-five pages, it is delightful reading. the broadening of the program. Just The various types of city churches where the denominations stand in rewere determined by a comprehensive listing of activities or forms of service, gard to these types is interesting and which were found to total thirty-three, and a grouping of these 1,004 sobering reading. Those which have churches, according to number of activities, and range of activities. been adventurous and least shackled 'l'his method revealed five types: The Slightly Adapted, Unadapted, In- by custom have been most successful. ternally Adapted, Socially Adapted and Widely Variant. The well developed churches hold The dominating hypothesis that the the young people, and their Sunday eity church' is an evolved rural church is abundantly proved. The study then Schools are strong with young people takes up the response and adjustment of a church, which has its historic and adults. The Socially Adapted roots in the country, to the overwhelming forces and needs of urban Church is successful in all kinds of life. neighborhoods. This is the church Striking facts emerge. The largest which is alive to the community, group of city churches, (numbering 253 out of 1,004) is the little one which has a wide program, and a pastor church with from one to two hundred members, an average of four salaried staff. activities and a budget around $3,- 000.00. Next there is a larger number, "What is most successful is a warm- (360) of "slightly adapted" churches, having two or three more activities hearted, self-confident, opportunistic but still essentially a rural church. A majority of all city churches are as church." w. M. T. yet practically unadjusted to city life. They are as a whole relatively inef- The Christian Mission in Africa. Edwin W. ficient and costly. The rate of Smith. 192 pp. $1.25. New York. 1926. benevolent gifts for the Unadapted is $7.79 per member as compared with Africa whole, in place of Africa $12.55 per member for the Socially piece-meal, was the subject of the con- ference held at Le Zoute, Belgium, Adapted. September 14 to 21, 1926. Dr. Edwin W. Smith, of the British and Foreign The churches which have met the Bible Society, tells the story of it in challenge of the city-the Internally a volume which every student of mis- Adapted, Socially Adapted and Wide- sions should read. Fifty years before ly Variant, which include the adven- (in September, 1876) King Leopold turous residential, the downtown and had gathered a conference in Brussels the new Christian centers-are all to discuss the exploration and civilizatending in the same direction to large tion of Africa. Congo was then wellunits, well equipped buildings, nigh unknown. It is now Belgium'« salaried workers, enlarged programs one great colony, eighty times as large as the mother country. Leopold's con- ference brought together representa- tives of seven European nations. Its Christian success united scores of Christian organizations, European and American, in consideration of the needs of the great continent.

The new Africa which is leaping again into the world's consciousness is in need of everything-physical healing, political organization, eco- nomic development and spiritual re- demption. A new world awakening to Africa's possibilities has suddenly taken place and there is a trek Afri- ca-wards. The Conference brought together mISSIOnary leaders, govern- tian work for the people of Kashmir. Dr. Arthur Neve was born in Brighment officials, ethnologists, scientists ton in 1858 and went to India, under the Church Mis s ion a r y Society, and world travelers and the wholeness twenty-three years later. His life was full of self-sacrificing, fruitful service of Africa was preserved in the in Srinagar and vicinity, the story of which is full of inspiration. There thought of the Conference not only were exciting times in the days of the earthquake, plague and cholera. geographically but in respect to every Many an operation on Kashmiris was an adventure. Dr. Neve died of infield of endeavor. Government of- fluenza in 1919 and left an honored name and a monument in the hearts ficials as well as others united in of many who have turned to God.

acknowledging the central importance The Leaven of the Sadduoees, or Old and New Apostasies. Ernest Gordon. 12 DlO. of the missionary's task in the future 263 pp. $1.00, paper. $1.50, cloth. Chi· cago. 1926. development of Africa. The discus- Few Biblical students doubt that sions centered about how best to meet these are days of apostasy. So have been all the days since God first rethe need in the building ·up of the vealed Himself to man. They are also the days of faith. What is needed in Church, the education of the masses, every age is discernment and will to distinguish the true from the false the development of a health program, and to follow the Truth. Mr. Gor- don's volume on "Old and New and the solution of the land and labor Apostasies" seem to prove that today false teachers in churches and schools problems. dominate the situation. He quotes facts to show the tendency toward Dr. Smith's book gathers up all that Unitarianism in schools, colleges, seminaries and Christian institutions, is newest in relation to Africa as de- and calls attention to the growing agnosticism, skeptism and materialveloped at the Conference and pre- ism of the day. His statements, based on careful research, call for more clear sents it in such form as to enable the and courageous expressions of faith. It cannot be denied that many minreader to comprehend the startling isters of churches and many teachers in Christian schools and colleges have developments, economic, commercial, given up their faith in Christ and the Bible and are undermining the founand political which are taking place. dations of the faith in our youth. Weare thankful that there are others It cannot fail to stimulate a desire to who are building up stronger faith and purer life on the truth as God has keep the Christian movement where revealed it. We need to teach youth discernment, to bring them into vital it has long been and ought to con- connection with Jesus Christ and to prove by the facts of life that the life tinue, ill the forefront of Africa's de- of faith and obedience to God's Word and God's Son is the only life that velopment. P. H. J. L. can win.

The Search After Reality. Sadhu Sundar Singh. 12 mo. 104 pp. $1.25. 1926.

The Sadhu, an Oriental Christian, gives his view of Oriental religions- Hinduism, Buddhism and Mohammedanism-in contrast to the religion of Jesus Christ. He has lived in close contact with these cults, has studied their sacred books and has watched the lives of their followers. He sees in them truth, but not The Truth; a seeking after GOd, but a failure to find Him. His book contains thoughtful, devout observations and, while without much new light on the subject, gives interesting, if meager light from the inside, by one who has come to see the inadequacy of these religions.

Arthur Neve of Kashmir. A. P. Shepherd. Illnstrated. 12 mo. 134 pp. 28 6<'1. London. 1926.

Dr. Arthur Neve and his brother Ernest were British medical missionaries who devoted their lives to Chris- Hand Book of the Churches. A Survey outbursts of religious fanaticism, it of the Churches in Action. Edited by is quite impossible to account for Benjamin S. Winchester. 8vo. 426 pp. many outstanding characteristics of $2.00. Baltimore and New York. 1927. the Mormon system. Notwithstand- ing the opposition of the moral and! This year book contains, as usual, Christian forces, Mormonism has the up-to-date information in regard grown in a century until it has at- to American church organizations, tained greater strength than in any inter-church work and religious other period of its existence. statistics in America. There is also a survey of recent religious move- Some adjustments in Mormonism ments, such as local church federa- have been made in conformity with tions, community churches, church the civil law and custom of the land, board consolidations, inter-church co- but no one should deceive himself by operation, religious and missionary thinking that the fundamental teach- education, student Christian associa- ings have been changed. .As the au tions, theological controversies, con- thor of this book remarks about po- ventions and conferences, prohibition, lygamy : ' 'This doctrine still stands. the youth and the church, race rela- written in the official creed of the tionships, international and industrial church. Not one line of it has ever relationships and relief work. Four been erased or modified. " Like stored pages are also devoted to Roman dynamite it awaits the hour when it CatholicisIp, two pages to Judaism, is considered safe to bring it forward nine pages to religion in Europe and again. Mormon literature that teaches two pages to Eastern Orthodox this doctrine is constantly carried churches. The statistics for 1924 and through the mails throughout the 1925 report the following interesting world. figures: Members of all churches, 46,- 883,756-of whom 16,~45,000 are Dr. Snowden has only a faint hope Roman and Eastern Catholics and that Mormons can be induced to sur- 357,135 are Jewish heads of families; render their allegiance to their cult. there are 15,280,196 on roll in Sunday- He does believe that, "The growing schools and over 336,000 pupils are light of knowledge, science and edu- enrolled in 4,304 vacation church cation, Christian truth and grace, will schools; the Foreign Mission income slowly pervade and modify it." He for 1924 was $43,325,506 for United says, "Modern knowledge …. is put- States and Canada, and over $20,000,- ting dynamite under the foundation 000 (incomplete returns) for Home of Mormonism." Mission enterprises, not counting local church support. This may well be the attitude adopted by all Christians. As this This is a valuable reference book author says: Mormons "also are the for editors, pastors and others, in- children of our common heavenly terested in religious conditions in Father, and we should so regard them America. and welcome them back to their an- cestral faith and fellowship." The Truth About Mormonism. James H. Snowden. 369 pp. $2.5,0. Philadelphia. w. E. LA R. 1926. Penlune. S. E. Burrow. 8 vo. 134 pp. This very readable book contains 18 6d. Glasgow, Scotland. much valuable information about Mormonism. The author has aimed at This simple but charming story, fairness and accuracy without pas- the scene of which is laid in the quaint sionate denunciations and extrava- English town of Penlune, shows the gant statements. He points out that power of old-fashioned religion. Mormonism is a mysterious religious Excellent use is made of the Scrip- . movement that arose out on the tures to point out the successive steps American frontier. As with other in conviction, conversion and peace.

-E. A.A.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1926

~orbon ((ollege Do You Know?

ONE Ole THE CHRISTIAN POWER HOUSES IN THE MOSLEM WORLD The composing room of the Nile Mission Press in Cairo-an auxiliary or the American Christian , Li terature SocIety for M08lems.

Help Reveal Christ to Moslems The Messa!le of Christ is interpreted to Moslems through Christian Literature published in Arabic, TurkIsh , Persian, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems. By your prayers and gifts you can help in this, far-reaching work and can supply the much needed Christian Literature for Moslems.

Egypt Syria Russia China Palestine Persia Morocco Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa These countries are furnished with Christ's Message through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with Interdenominational Committees on the fields to give the Gospel Message through the printed page.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, H onorary Field Secretary Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. D. L. Pierson Mrs. Finley]. Shepard Mrs. James M. Montgomery Dr. James Cantine Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York · City.

Apply for information and literature to The Secretary, Rev. James Cantine, D.D., Room 1018, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJltor CONTENTS FOR AUGUST, 1926 Page FRONTISPIECE ………………………………………………….•• ….. . MAP OF THE NEAR EAST SHOWING STATWNS OF THE NEAR EAST RELIEF EDITORIALS ………………………••……………………………• 581 AN AMAZING SoorAL MOVEMENT IN THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND SLAVERY IN BOLIVIA 1926 PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN SoUTH A 'l'EN MONTHS' REPORT ON IMMIGRANTS HINDUS AND MOSLEMS IN INDIA AFRrOA 'l'HE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE DAMASCUS IN TIME OF WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ELIAS NEWMAN 589 A vivid description of the destruction caused by the F'renC'h bombardment and general disturbances in Syrw.; and the opportunities of the Christian Missions.

A JAPANESE MISSIONARY TO THE FOR.MOSA HEAD lWNTERS ………. 592 JESUS IN THE GHETTO TODAy …………………. JOHN SrruART CONNING 593 A masterly presentation of the present·day attitude of Jews toward Jesus Christ; the causes and results of this change. .

NEAR EAST RELIEF AS A CHRI8TIAN MISSION ……… SUMNER R. VINTON 599 The reUgious and missionary influence exerted in the orphanages and relief work in Syria, 'Armenia and other stations, together with an estimate of the results of these influen(Jes on the future generations.

THIRTY YEARS' CHANGES IN WEST AFR.ICA ………….. MELVIN FRASER 605 A striking account of the great tran.'formation that has been wrought in West Centra! Africa illuring the period of service of one missionary.

THE MODERN MISSIONARy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ALEXANDER M. ALLAN 608 AN INDIAN MISSION IN ARIZONA …………………. HELElN O. BELKNAP 609 The remarkabLe story of what on.e man was able to accomplish in the building up of an American Inaw.n community, with. indian Christian leadership, suppLy· ing schools and churahes to the Pima Indians of the Southwest.

FIFTY YEARS IN THE ISLAND OF NEW BRJTAIN …….. WILLIAM H. Cox 617 One of the modern miracles of missions in a former savage islaM of the South Sea.s, shown in the work carried on by the Australian Methodists.

BEST METHODS • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hUITED By MRs. E. C. CRoNK 625 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLEWIN . . . . . . . . EDITED By AMY G. LEWIS 631 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EmTED By FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 634 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 637 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY …………………………………… :… 653 TJ<:RMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1926, by MISSIONARY REvrEW PUBLISHlNG CoMl'ANY, INC. AU rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBI,ISHING COMPANY. Inc.

Robert Jt. Speer, President Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan I… Pierson, Secretaq Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication office, 3d &: Reily Sts., Harr1sburg, Pa. 25C a copy $'.50 • ,.ear Editorial and Business Offic~. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Cit,.

i;.ntered as seeond-elass matter at the Post Office. Harrisburg,. PL, under Act of March " 1870. of tEbeoIogp anb JMi~~ion~ Who led the Children of 1…..1 into the Promised Land? A GRADUATE School and College of Where Noah'. Ark Illnded? Theology of high scholastic stand- Who wallo the first great Christian ards, intense evangelical loyalty. and miARionary? unusual curriculum. Eminent professors, devoted students, and influential alumni FREE-Send fOT this make it a center of power. Its Massa- 5-minute Bible Test chusetts degrees, Boston culture, and cosmopolitan spirit draw students from Test your knowledge of the Bible. See how much all parts of the country. Special oppor- you really know about this l{l'eatBook of Books. tunities given to graduate students. An open door to notable service in the pul- MoodyBible Institute Home StudyCourses make pit, the mission field, and other Christian the Bible really yours. They give you a helpful, leadership. well·rounded Itnowledgeuseful in your everyday Christian experience. Ten courses-non-secta- NATHAN R. WOOD, rian-one suited toyour particularneeds. 34,000 President, Gordon College, s~udents have already found the great satisfac. bon and joy that comes from knowing the Bible. Boston, Massachusetts Don't deny yourself this wonderful experience. Justto try outyour present knowledge -send fOT this test. You'l1beinterested.Mailcoupontoday.

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PERSONALS Please send me, Free. your 5-Minute Bible Test. No obligation. REV. H. D. GruSWOLD, PH.D., has resigned from the presidency of Forman Christian DR. JOHN R. MOTT returned June 2d College, Lahore, India, in which he suc- from a six months' trip in the Pacific Basin. ceeded the lata Rev. J. C. R. Ewing, D.D., Early in July he sailed for Helsingfors, K,C.I.E. Dr. Griswold has been a member Finland, to preside over the World's Y. M. of the Punjab Mission of the American C. A. Conference and two other gatherings Presbyterian Church since 1890. The new in Sweden and Denmark. President of the College, which has been for some years a union institution, is the OBITUARY Rev. Canon Force·Jones. MR. CLEVELAND H. DODGE, who has been "* largely responsible for the success of the RIr. REV. LooAN H. RooTs, D.D., of Han- Near East Relief, and who has given gen· erously to the Y. M. C. A., the Near East kow, China, has been elected chairman of Colleges and other philanthropic work, died the House of Bishops of the Chinese Church in his home in R.iverdale, New York, on which combines the Anglican and the Prot· Thursday, June 24th, at the age of sixty· estant Episcopal forces in China. A ma- six. He was the son of the well·known jOl'ity of the bishops are Englishmen, a far,t William Earl Dodge of New York, and the which makes the tribute to Bishop Roots grandson of another Christian philanthrothe greater. pist of the same name. Mr. Dodge was for many years President of the National F. F. MONK, Principal of St. Stephen's Council of Y. M. C. A. His brother, Dr. D. College, Delhi, has resigned in order to Stuart Dodge, was the founder of the Syrian make way for the election of an Indian to Protestant Oullege, which has grown into the principalship. the American University of Beirut, of which Bayard Dodge, son of Cleveland Dodge, is "" now President.

REV. JAMES SIBItEE, D.D., who went to Madagascar sixty-three years ago under the London Missionary Society, celebrated his ninetieth birthday in April. He was the architect of a number of Christian churches in the island and in the ten years since his retirement, has made 800 missionary ad· dresses.

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STATIONS OF THE NEAR EAST RELIEF IN GREECE, TURKEY, ARMENIA, GEORGIA, AZERBAIJAN, SYRIA, PALESTI:-!E AND EGYPT (See page 599)

AUGUST, 1926

XLIX EIGHT AN AMAZING SOCIAL MOVEMENT IN BOLIVIA O NE of the backward republics of South America, where the Roman Oatholic Ohurch has been long in power, is Bolivia. Here all the weaknesses of the system and the consequent social evils are evident. Recently there seems to have come an awakening of the social conscience and church leaders and Protestant missionaries report what they call" an amazing social movement." A correspondent in La Paz writes: "About the middle of March a meeting of the clergy of the La Paz Diocese was held to consider the problem of education of the Indians of Bolivia who constitute about 75% of the population of the country. A letter from the Pope to the Bishops of Bolivia had recently made suggestions regarding the social activities of the Ohurch, especially in connection with the Indian Problem."

The meeting of the clergy was called by the Bishop of La Paz and the Papal Nuncio was the principal speaker. He said: "The Indian Problem is one of the most urgent that Bolivia has to consider. If it is not solved soon within the Ohurch, it will be solved outside the Ohurch, because of the constant and insidious labor of the enemy, which we all know about," (referring of course, to Protestant Missions).

It was suggested that a "Gran Oruzada Nac;ional Pro-Indio" be undertaken, with the support of the Ohurch, the Government, high society and the newspapers. Professional organizers were brought from foreign countries to push the drive according to "el sistema norte americana."

The adobe walls of the houses here are smooth finished, affording a good surface for pasting posters. Lithographed posters, a yard square, of a typical Indian helid were put up by hundreds throughout the city, along with an appeal for support of the drive.

Bolivia is anxious to raise its standard among neighboring countries. Thus an ingenious appeal was made to patriotism-the idea 081

of making the present inert mass of Indians into intelligent and useful citizens. The drive was evidently spending considerable money for posters, entire pages of newspapers, get-together dinners, etc.

About the first of April two events occurred that produced the first discordant note. It was announced that the office of the drive would be consecrated to the "Sacred Heart of Jesus"-a tendency to fanaticism. A similar attempt to consecrate the nation of Peru some three years ago caused strikes and riots in Callao and Lima. Then the adversaries of the Adventist work obtained a government order limiting their activities. This appeared to be a restriction of religious liberty.

The suspicions that were developing that the drive was neither patriotic nor altruistic but religious (fanatical) were confirmed by these two events. At first the newspapers were loth to publish criticisms of the drive, so that a series of posters and handbills appeared calling attention to the real nature of the" Cruzada." Funds were to b.e for advertising and to bring in priests expelled from Mexico. It was very interesting to go out on the streets every day and see the new posters pro and con.

The newspapers finally broke their silence and a surprising number of articles appeared telling about the good work being done hy the Protestant educational missionaries. One night at the conclusion of the band concert at the Plaza somebody shouted Abajo los frailes, abajo la cntzada. Soon a great crowd gathered forming an impromptu anti-clerical demonstration. The procession passed by the President's palace. He appeared on the balcony and assured them that as long as they committed no disorders, they had the right to express their opinions.

Thus a tremendous anti-campaign and anti-clerical movement began.

An important social function in favor of the drive that was to be held in the Municipal 'l'heatre, presided over by the Bishop and with the President of the Republic as principal speaker, had to be suspended.

A. few days later it was announced that the drive had been definitely abandoned and the same day the newspapers announced that the government had provided means for a great school for Indians near La Paz, thus eliminating the Church from the solution of the Indian problem.

Another big news item the same day was the passing of a law recognizing the right of the Protestant missionaries to preach and to teach among the Indians.

In the evening, a great celebration of the success of the antidrive movement was held. Five thousand men marched. Banners with letters two feet high bore the following inscriptions:

1926J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

"LET US EDUCATE THE INDIANS WITH THE SALARIES OF THE BISHOPS."

"WE ASK FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE CHURCH AND THE STATE."

"WE ASK FOR LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE." "WE ASK FOR A GOVERNMENT BUREAU OF INDIAN AF- FAIRS." "THE STATE SHOULD EDUCATE THE INDIAN." "WE DO NOT WANT FANATICISM."

Along the route of the parade the air reverberated with shouts in unison like college yells: "LET THE BISHOPS GET OUT." "DOWN WITH THE 'SOTANAS' " (figurative for priests). "LONG LIVE FREEDOM OF WORSHIP," etc.

At the Plaza several speakers addressed the gathering from the balcony of a fashionable club. The speaker, who was apparently the best known and most popular, was the President of the Federation of University Students. He reminded the people that the victory they were celebrating was due largely to the students and the labor organizations working together. He made a statement imported from Russia, that evoked much applause and that expressed the intellectual's estimation of the value of religion: "Religion,is an opiate for the people."

The next day the newspapers that at first supported the "crU'zada" commented on the large number of participants in the anti-clerical demonstration and the orderly way in which it was conducted.

PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA AT a recent conference of British missionary societies, held in 1"1Swanwick, June 16th to 19th, some interesting facts were brought out by Dr. C. T.Loram a member of the Native Affairs Commission in the Union of South Africa, and Rev. J. H. Oldham, who has recently returned from a tour of South and East Africa.

There is still a contest going on in South Africa in regard to the "color line." While the "Color Bar Bill" was passed, it was only by a small majority for white South Africa is not unanimous in the matter, and the native commissioners are strongly opposed to it. The Christian Church finds it difficult, if not impossible, to keep out of politics when moral issues are involved. The native questionthe race problem-is not a local matter, but a world problem.

The native Christian population is increasing, not only in numbers, but in percentage. These African Christians are becoming more elevated, refined and educated and cannot be treated as "heathen" and outcastes. Today, over one-third of the popUlation

is Christian as compared with one-fourth ten years ago. The native Christian population of South Africa is now about two million, having increased fifty-two per cent while the heathen population has in- creased only four per cent. Dr. Loran said: "The future evangelization of the natives will be mostly done through native agencies, and the white missionary must become more and more of a missionary superintendent. Much of the work of evangelization will be done by the separatist native churches of which there are already over a hundred ….. As the result of a recent inquiry, it has been stated that these churches are not seditious in their origin, but, nevertheless, those natives who have a feeling against the white man are inclined to join such communions."

It is interesting to note that in East Africa recently, the Governments seem to have realized the importance of native education. Now they are awakening in a remarkable way to their obligations, and money is not being given grudgingly. There is a danger that the Governments may develop an educational system without regard to the missionary enterprise. This is partly doe to the presence of a Moslem element in East Africa, for the British Government is always very sensitive when a Moslem population is concerned. On the other hand, some missions have not been willing to cooperate with the Government. In East Africa, as elsewhere, there is a lack of appreciation among many in the white community of the work of missions. The good will of the Government should be behind the missionary machine.

Fear for white civili'zation is the dominant note in South Africa today. This arises mainly from the figures and diagrams presented in the 1921 census which purported to prove that if the present rate of increase continues, in ten years there will be in South Africa 4,000,000 whites and 19,000,000 natives. This will explain some of the recent legislation.

"A tremendous revolution is going on in Africa today," Mr. Oldham said, "and a fundamental factor is the change in the attitude of governments toward the African problem, which in tropical Africa is entirely different from that in South Africa. The great human problem hitherto mainly left to the missions must be dealt with by the Government. While, in South Africa, native advance seems to be contrary to the well-being of the white man, this is not so in tropical Africa. Education of the native must be carried through for the benefit of the African. Missions must cooperate with governments in the scientific examination of the problems with which they are faced so that the materialist conception shall not become dominant."

Dr. Donald Fraser, now one of the Foreign Mission Secretaries of the United Free Church of Scotland and known throughout Africa for his long service at Loudon, Nyasaland, said truly: "The

Government may be the handmaid of the Kingdom of God, but it is dangerous if the Kingdom of God becomes the handmaid of govern- ments. " For missions to come under' government control would be a disastrous thing. In South Africa there is a hiatus between the life and service of the Christian Church and the life of the native. This gulf must be bridged by the welfare societies. :n. w. P.

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS ON SLAVERY IN 1926 SLAVERY, slave-raids, slave markets, and slave trade still con- tinue in Abyssinia, the Hedjaz, Morocco, Tripoli, the Libyan Desert, Rio de Oro, Arabia, Egypt, the Sudan, Eritrea; French, British and Italian Somaliland; Tibet, Afghanistan, Li- beria, most independent Mohammedan states; and several other territories. This statement is based upon the report presented to the League of Nations in September, 1925, by its T'emporary Slavery Commission. This commission was composed of British, French, Belgian, Portuguese, and Dutch officials who had had much experience in colonial administration.

The more insidious forms of slavery and so-called adoption, debt-slavery, concubinage, and forced labor are prevalent in many parts of the world and to a very large extent. These evils are not limited to Africa. Forced labor, disguised under various forms of taxation or openly exacted by chiefs and local government officials, is inflicted upon the people in many parts of Africa. The League's Commission did not have time to examine the evidence that it re- ceived on this subject and its report does not specify where the evil exists. .

The Assembly of the League of Nations in September, 1925, after receiving the report of its T'emporary Slavery Commission, adopted a draft Convention, which it requested the Council to circulate to all the members of the League and to other Powers, including the United States. 'l'11ese governments were invited to comment on the Draft Convention, and, at its session on June 9, 1926, the Council, having received these comments, decided to place the Convention on the Agenda of the Assembly that is to meet next September. When the Draft Convention was presented to the last assembly, it was de- scribed as a "minimum standard" which all governments might be expected to adopt. An examination of its terms will show that its requirements are so easy as to lead one to fear that it will accomplish very little in abolishing" slavery in all its forms" as the signatories of the Treaty of St. Germain in Article 11 pledged themselves to endeavor to secure. So far as forced labor is concerned, it falls far below the standards set up in the Mandates of the League, in which the mandatory powers agreed to prohibit all forms of forced labor, except for essential public works and services, and then only in re- turn for adequate remuneration. The British Government have gone

still farther in restricting recourse to forced labor, for which authority must be obtained from the Secretary of State, which authority will be given only "when absolutely necessary for essential services, " and only" for specified work for a specified period," and such labor must, in all cases, be fully paid. "Under no circumstances could the British Administration tolerate, in any form, the principle of compulsory native labor for private profit, be the employer native or non-native" is a statement in the report of the East African Commission. As compared with these statements and the terms of the Mandates, the Draft Convention says nothing about compensation, and it may be fairly interpreted as legalizing forced labor for private profit. The earnest hope must be expressed that the Draft Convention will be amended very much before it is concluded and opened for signature.

A TEN MONTHS' REPORT ON IMMIGRANTS STATISTICS furnished by the Department of Labor, covering immigration during a period of ten months enaing April 30, 1926, reveal the following interesting facts: Of those attempting to enter the United States 17,040 were debarred and 7,917 were deported after landing, making a total of 24,957-about ten per cent of the whole. Among those debarred 14,656 were without proper visas; 3,700 were considered likely to become public charges; 1,377 were mentally or physically defective; and 1,214 were of criminal or immoral classes.

The total number admitted during the ten months was 246,165 but since there were 63,556 immigrants who left America during the same period there was a net increase of only 182,609. The majority of immigrants (122,435) were admitted at New York, but 76,148 entered by land from Canada and 30,735 from Mexico. It is noteworthy that on the Pacific Coast the number of emigrants exceeded the number of immigrants by about 1000. The majority of those entering were between the ages of 16 and 44 (184,088). The total number of males was 135,833 and of females 110,332. The majority of those who left America were also between the ages of 16 and 44 (48,013).

The largest number of immigrants from any European country came from Germany which sent 40,927. Next to this was the Irish Free State which sent 18,814. It is significant that we received only 6,632 from Italy whereas 17,812 returned to that land. Scotland sent us 11,139; England 8,878 and Sweden 7,398. "The Yellow Peril" seems to be a misnomer since China and Japan together sent only 2,027 while 3,601 went back to Asia.

Skilled workers 45,783 constitute the largest class of immigrants admitted. Next come laborers 32,048 and servants 25,083; followed

EDITORIAL COMMEN'IS

by farmers and farm laborers 22,632, and) the professional classes numbering 9,061.

The intention of these immigrants was to distribute themselves as permanent residents (one year or more) throughout the United States as follows: New York '60,046; Michigan 28,2.05; Massachusetts 21,795; Texas 20,045; Illinois 16,512; California 15,992; and Pennsylvania 14,583.

Only the larger groups are separately mentioned in this brief summary. The smaller groups and those unclassified may be found in each instance by subtracting the group figures here given fr{)m the totals.

On the whole the showing is encouraging. An important problem with the immigrant as with the native is to discover some means by which he can be induced to devote himself to agricultural pursuits in the country rather than eke out a precarious and less useful existence among the submerged masses of our great cities,-notably New York.-c. L. w.

HINDUS AND MOSLEMS IN INDIA RIOTS between Hindus and Moslems in India nearly always begin in one of two ways: the killing of cows by Moslems infuriates Hindus, who retaliate with violence, or the playing of music in idolatrous processions by Hindus before Mohammedan mosques provokes Mohammedan violence. Th~ aggressors in Cal- cutta were the Arya Samaj, a reform Hindu sect who claim to stand for a purified Hinduism. Missionaries in North India know very well the violent hostility of the Arya Samaj to Christian Missions. The Samaj is perhaps even more hostile to the spread of Islam, and is untiring in its efforts to reconvert Mohammedanised Hindus back again to Hinduism.

This Hindu-Moslem antagonism is one of the most burning questions in India. Unfortunately the Mohammedans are becoming more, rather than less communal in their outlook. The whole political future of India depends upon the degree to which the com- munities, especially the minority communities can so far trust the majority of the nation as a whole as to throwaway the artificial props of communal protection such as special electorates, etc. In this respect Christians have shown a good example, inasmuch as the All-India Christian Conference has for several years pronounced against special communal privileges for Christians. Mohammedans, however, appear to be growing in their belief in the necessity for commmunal aggrandisement, and in several provinces their claims are becoming the dominating fact in politics.

One reason for this increased communalism of the Mohammedans may be disillusionment in the agitation over the Caliphate. No more .complete political overturning has been seen in our time than that

suffered by the Central Caliphate Committee. A campaign of violent antagonism to the British Government was started for its alleged designs on the powers exercised by the leader of the Angora Turks, Mustafa Kemal Pasha. The interest of Indian Moslems in the world of Islam has not decreased, and the smallest Mohammedan newspaper is interested deeply in what is happening to Moslems all over the world. Any definite scheme however for a pan-Islamic movement has completely vanished, and leaders of the community have turned their energies into the aggrandisement of the 'community as against the Hindns.

It is to such a community, and in such a mood, that the Christian Gospel must be preached. It is needless to say that such people, al- ready resentful and suspicious and class-conscious, will resent more than ever any suspicion of Christian overlord-ship, or any language which suggests a religious war by the Christian on the Moslem. The situation in India is the clearest possible challenge to us to represent the Christian claim with all the winsomeness and humility and reliance on truth and the things of the Spirit which are native to the mind of Christ.-w. p. .

THE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE T AS'r YEAR between two and three thousand Halutzim, as the L pioneers of the Zionist movement are called, passed through Haifa. They are establishing settlements, not in the Jerusalem district, but on the plains, and many of the worst places are being transformed into a veritable Garden of Eden. There are about one hundred and ten colonies altogether under the Zionist movement.

When the great Jewish University was opened, Rev. S. B. Rohold, of the Carmel Bible School, and his wife were given front seats, despite the fact of their being Christians. 'l'his shows the extraordinary change which has taken place in the Jewish attitude towards Christianity in the past few years. Dr. Klausner, of the Jewish University has written an epoch-making "Life of Christ," and four thousand copies of the first edition in Hebrew, printed in Jerusalem, sold immediately. It was reprinted in Poland, and translations in England and America have recently appeared. Dr. Klausner's book has also opened a new era for selling the New Testament in Palestine, and thousands are now reading it. One leading Jew, who has not actually become a Christian, has been instrumental in putting a eopy of the New Testament in every room at the Jewish hotels. When Canon Dauby, a great scholar who translated Klausner's book into English, lectured in St. George's Cathedral, Jerusalem, two thirds of the audience were intellectual Jews.

The suspicion on the part of the Arabs towards the Jews is apparently breaking down, and the former are now even uniting in schools. Among them too is a growth of demand for the Scriptures.

RE~'UGEES FROM HAURAN IN DAMASCUS NEAR THE

CHURCH Damascus in Time of War BY REV. ELIAIS NEWMAN Missionary of the Irish Presbyterian Mission, Damascus, Syria F OR over a year now things in the city have been in a very un- settled state and for ten months, ever since the Druse outbreak, the political situation has been very precarious. On more than one occasion the Druses were almost within reach of the city. The real crisis began with the ruthless bombardment of the city by the French on Sunday afternoon, Oct. 18, 1925. Without the least warning we were bombarded for 48 hours and one-thirtieth part of the city was d,estroyed, thousands being killed and buried in the falling debris and other thousands made homeless.

This was only the beginning of the present miserable state of things; for since October hundreds of villages outside Damascus and all over Syria have been bombarded, many of them being completely wiped out.

Damascus is practically besieged. The French have put barbed wire entanglements all around the city; military posts have been established at the main entrances and at other strategic points and no one is allowed to venture out of doors after hours. Rebel bands are all around the city and they are in possession of the "Ojhuta" (the fertile garden district that surrounds the city) and hardly a day passes without a battle. During the night we are kept awake by the roar of the heavy guns bombarding some village or by the sound of the rifles and machine guns firing in some section of the city, or in the gardens beyond.

589

Rebels have been captured and shot but some of them have been hung in the El Merdje Square and have been left hanging for hours for public display.

Very often the rebels have retaliated by hanging some innocent man, some Armenian or Circassian. Very often rebels enter the city and carry off some wealthy citizen for ransom. 'rhe Jewish quarter, near "The street called Straight," has been entered several' times and Jews robbed of money and valuables.

Most of the men engaged by the French in the fighting in and around the gardens are Circas- sians and not a few are Armeni- ans-mere mercenaries who evi- dently could find little employ- ment elsewhere. The city is filled with refu- gees, Moslem and Christian alike, who are eking out a miserable existence. Beggars abound every- where, men, women and children. But in spite of the prevailing misery and utter wretchedness the Protestant missionaries have a marvelous opportunity for service in this unhappy city.

REV. ELIAS NEWMAN ON THE RUINS OF The Victoria Hospital of the A STORE ON THE "STREET CALLED Edinburgh Medical Mission is STRAIGHT." DAMASCUS ministering daily to the sick and sorrowful. Though it is situated in Photo by United Pres..

a dangerous corner of the city, the workers persist in preaching Christ by word and deed in spite of the bullets that fly over their heads and sometimes pass through the buildings.

The B.ritish Syrian Mission is also carrying on its educational work among the young and there is abundant opportunity to witness among the many Moslem refugee women who attend the classes.

The Danish Mission at present is without a missionary, the Rev. Alfred Nelson being home on furlough, but their reading room for Moslems is kept open by a faithful young native Protestant.

The Irish Presbyterian Mission, which is concentrating its ef- forts among the Jews, is experiencing much encouragement. We conduct two schools in the Jewish quarter, one for girls and the other for boys with 400 young Jews and J ewesses on the roll. Bible women visit the homes and are experiencing much sympathetic re- sponse as they try to make known the story Gf redeeming Love.

The reading room near "The street called Straight" is filled

DA.MAS0US IN TIME OF WAR

daily to its utmost capacity and the English night school has forty young eager Jews as its students. There is also a school for Christian boys and a Protestant Church in which Armenian, Arabic and English services are conducted.

Surrounded by anguish, misery and wretchedness as we are, we are not a bit discouraged but are hopeful that our task is not in vain in the Lord. Protestantism has a great fu- ture in Syria and the Evangelical missionary is not hampered by the accumulated suspicions that rest on those of the different Roman Catholic orders working in the land. Every Christian missionary in Damascus needs the prayers and sympathy of the people in the homelands. Please pray for us 1 "AN AMBASSADOR OF GOOD WILL" TO THE NEAR EAST I T WAS stated in a "personal" item in the July REVIEW that Dr. W. W. Peet, who spent forty years in Constantinople as a representative of the American Board but rho is described by the Living Church as "a distinguish- IRISH PRESBYTERIAN LADY MISSION- ed Methodist minister," had been S~~m!lK 1liT~'l~R~~gt1 SiiJr'2l dJ o~~.s appointed by the Federal Council 18. 1925 of Churches to visit the churches of the Near East, with the above title~ Further details of the plan are given in a statement issued by the Federal Council. The sending of an "ambassador to the East- ern Churches" is being carried out by the Committee on Eastern Churches of the Federal Council, of which Bishop Charles H. Brent of the Episcopal Ohurch is chairman. Cooperating are great reli- gious organizations, including the American Bible Society, the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, ·the Young Men's Christian A.ssociation and the Near East Relief. "Dr. Peet goes without any fixed program of action," says the statement. "He is to be an 'ambassador of good will' to the Eastern churches from the churches of America and he is to manifest that good will in any way that seems most effective to him."

.- A JAPANESE MISSIONARY TO FORMOSA HEAD HUNTERS The head-hunting savages of Formosa had been very free from epidemic diseases until the Spanish Influenza struck them, as it did all other peoples twenty years ago. This great curse had come upon them, they argued, because OE the Japanese occupation. They therefore swore vengeance and one day the Japanese community at Karenko was suddenly surprised by a savage attack from the head-hunters and revenge was secured when the savages carried away the heads of 26 Japanese.

Among these men that lost their lives in this savage attack was the father of Inosuke Ino-ue, then a student at the Seisho Gakuin (Bible School) in Kashiwagi Yodobashi, conducted by the Oriental Mission.

The Samurai way would have been to have sworn vengeance; to have gone among the head-hunters as a soldier or policeman and to have killed a number of them. Young Inoue however, was trying to follow Jesus Christ and he remembered how when Jesus was nailed to the cross He prayed for His enemies. Therefore Inosuke Inoue resolved to go to the head-hunters and teach them the Christian way of life.

In preparation for the work he studied medicine one year and learned .many practical remedies and how to hel.l1 in emergencies. With this preparation he went to the natives in the mountains of Formosa with a message of peace and good-will and a desire to help.

He found them very suspicious at first but gradually he won their confidence and found that they had many admirable qualities. Their idea of the Supreme Being is that of an ".All-seeing-eye" to see all the deeds of men. He sees such bad deeds as stealing, therefore there is no stealing among the members of the tribe.

The life was most simple and the hardships not a few so that his health broke down and he returned to Kyushu and spent three years in evangelistic work there.

When he had learned the language of one of the tribes called the "Taiyaru," he returned to the head-hunters, consisting of about 35,000 souls. There are still about 135,000 savages in the seven tribes.

Mr. Inoue spent seven years at a settlement in the mountains called "Karapai" and gave himself unstintedly to the people to help them in any practical way that he could and to teach them to know Christ and His Gospel. During all this time his work was carried on as a personal enterprise. While his work was a labor of love he did receive some gifts from the savages in return for his medical aid. With this and native fruits and occasional help from friends in Japan he managed to carry on in a life almost as simple as that of the natives.

Mr. Inoue has just published a study of the head-hunters of Formosa, and has just succeeded in getting a supporting committee organized through the cooperation of the Tokyo KyoKwa Doshi Kai. Among those who have thus taken the responsibility of securing financial support for Mr. Inoue's work are Mr. Hampei Nagao, Judge Watanabe, Dr. Takada, head of the Nanko Hospital, Mr. M. Tsuge, of the Japan Oil Co., Mr. B. Tada of the Taiwan Sugar Co., Mr. B. Fukunaga of the Keisei Sha Publishing Company. This committee have undertaken to raise Yen 2,500.00 per year to support Mr. Inoue's self-sacrificing work.

Mr. Inoue told his story recently before 500 pupils of a public school of Tokyo at the invitation of the principal who introduced him as the Livingstone of Japan.

(From the World'. Sunday School Association)

in the Ghetto To-day

BY REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D., NEW YORlK Superintendent of Jewish Evangelism, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

F OR eighteen centuries Jews have ignored the Greatest Jew of history. He has been given no place in their life or literature. They have tried hard to forget Him and live as though He had never lived and taught and suffered in the ancient homeland of their people. It has been nothing to them that He belonged to their race, and that the influence of His teaching and personality has changed the face of the world. The very use of His name was banned. U Jews had occasion to mention Him He was referred to anonymously as "That Man," or "The Orucified One," or "The Nazarene. "

This silence concerning Jesus during the first Ohristian centuries is' accounted for by Jews on the ground that He was a wholly negligible factor in world affairs.. They call attention to the almost entire absence of any reference to Him in contemporary Jiterature and insist that equally among Jews He had made no appreciable impression. The records of the Acts of the Apostles, however, tell a very different story. If Ohristianity at first attracted little attention in the great Roman world, it was certainly very different in the little world of Palestine. Before the fall of Jerusalem in A. D. 70, the new faith had not only stirred Palestinian Jewry to its circumference, it had siInilarly agitated many of the scattered Jewries of the Diaspora. Even the Talmud bears testimony to the widespread influence of the Nazarene. For while Jesus is noticeably overlooked in that great repository of Jewish tradition, there is plenty of polemic against Ohristianity. Ruppin, with a truer appreciation of the achievements of the first followers of Jesus, explains the failure of Judaism as a missionary religion after the close or the first century by saying: "Ohristianity took the wind out of its sails."

The real secret of the reticence of Jews concerning Jesus in the early centuries was the amazing progress of Ohristianity. They showed their resentment by ignoring the Founder while fighting His faith. The use of the name of Ohrist by the primitive Ohristians was also a factor. They attached to it an incomparable reverence and authority. His was "the Name above every Name." It was "for the sake of the Name" they went forth upon His service. It was through the Use of "the Name" that mighty deeds were done. This was sufficient ground for Jews to ignore it. If there was any other reason it might well have been that Jews had no cause to be proud of the bitter and relentless hostility and persecution meted out to Ohristians during this period. Judaism never ceased its intrigues 593 2

'i'BE :M1SStONARY REVIEw 0]' 1'H:E) WORLtl

and assaults upon the followers of Christ until Christianity at length climbed to the throne of the Cresars.

Then Jews had a very different reason for their silence. Possessed of civil power, Christians did not forget their former persecutors. To them Jews were the enemies of Christ and His cause. Theological controversy focused attention upon them as the reprobate agents in the drama of salvation. They were the "Christ Killers." Ignorance and superstition, unrestrained by the spirit of Christ, and enraged by the Jews' persistent rejection of Jesus, let loose upon the children. of Abraham floods of hatred and persecution. There are no darker pages in European history than those which record the shameful wrongs and atrocities perpetrated against Jews by nations nominally Christian. Confinement in ghettos, ignominious garments, exclusion from remunerative occupations, ostracism, prison, exile, fagot and sword were the recurring instruments of ecclesiastical tyranny.

Is it any wonder that Luther, who was by no means an unqualined friend of the Jews, in referring to their treatment by the Roman Church, .declared: "If I were a Jew with such poltroons teaching Christianity, I had sooner become a hog than a Christian."

And lest we should regard these manifestations of antagonism as exceptional, the discredited characteristics of a dark and cruel age when many others beside Jews suffered for their faith, we must remember that in their case legal discrimination and persecution have lasted until our own times. On the statute books of the old Czarist Russia, over one thousand enactments were recorded, specially directed against the Jews. Neither have we forgotten Kishineff, nor the pogroms which followed the war. Even in this year of grace there are few lands, nominally Christian, in whicn antisemitism does not have a place. America itself is not free from the virus.

So it has come about that the name of the meek and lowly Jesus has been regarded by Jews generally as a symbol of ill usage and ill will. They justify their rejection of Him on the ground' of the conduct of His followers. As a mark of their hostility to Him and to His cause, they have outlawed His very name. For nfteen centuries no representative Jew has had a word to say about the Founder of Christianity.

Yet Jesus, in spite of Jewish determination to have nothing to do with Him, was never completely excluded from the ghetto. In times of deepest hostility there were always individual Christians, like Bernard of Clairvaux, who revealed to Jews the spirit of the Master. Through such lives Jesus passed within the most carefully guarded gates. No enforced silence could wholly prevent the use of His name. Not even Christendom could quite conceal Him. There were in every generation Hebrew Christians; some of them attaining to positions of conspicuous leadership in the Christian Church.

JESUS IN THE GHETTO TODAY

In the Middle Ages London and Oxford had a Domws Conversorum for the care of Christian Jews. Indeed, so potent at times was the influence of Jesus in the Ghetto that the most resolute measures had to be adopted to prevent large defections from the synagogue. Con- verts were excommunicated. The burial service was read in their homes, and the offenders were counted as dead by the members of their family. The boycott was effectively used to prevent their se- curing employment or relief. Jewish leaders stopped at nothing that would make bitter and wretched the lot of those who were led to make confession of their faith in Jesus as Israel's Messiah. Yet, in spite of everything, there were always some who were willing to endure shame and ignominy, loss of home and an assured livelihood, for the sake of Him in whom they had come to believe. A consider- able list of notable converts has been compiled from among the J ewish followers of Christ before the dawn of modern missions. Such names as Ariston of Pella, Nicholas of Paris, Paul of Burgos, and Edzar of Hamburg remind us "that Jesus, though despised and rejected, still found His way into the ghettos of Europe and won to Himself a people for His name.

With the opening of the nineteenth century the rising tide of missionary interest began to express itself in concern for the Jews. Societies were formed in Britain and on the Continent for their evangelization. Missionaries found their way into various lands, and many striking conversions were recorded. In 1806 David Mendel avowed his faith in Christ and, changing his name to Neander, "the New Man," he became the great Christian historian whose "Life of Christ" blazed the trail for all the later studies of "the greatest life that has been manifested upon earth." Dr. Joseph Wolff, with a devotion truly apostolic, carried the Gospel into the ghettos of Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Persia, Mesopotamia, Arabia and India. He was followed by a conspicuous succession of scholarly missionaries. The total of Jewish baptisms during the nineteenth century has been estimated at 224,000. No missionary effort in behalf of any other non-Christian people can in comparison show such results. Jews are prone to minimize the value of missionary activity among their people by asserting that 'converts to Christianity have been either ignorant or actuated by motives of self-interest. Such names, however, as Sir Julius Benedict, Professor Benfey, Dr. Paulus Cassell, Lord Beaconsfield, the Herschels, the Mendelssohns, the Margoliouths, Edersheim, Saphir, Rabbinowitz, Schereschewsky, and many more, indicate that the appeal of Jesus, now as in the days of His flesh, wins a response not only from the common people but also from the noblest and most cultured of the Hebrew race.

At the present time there are many evidences of a change of attitude toward Jesus on the part of the Jewish people. The passing of the Russian Pale and the lowering of the ghetto walls have

broughtJews iu large numbers into contact with Western thought and life. It has been impossible to mingle in world currents so largely influenced by the personality and teaching of J esns, without being forced to consider Him and arrive at some conclusion as to His claims. Reform Judaism, which was born of an effort to adapt the ancient faith to the conditions of modern life, early sought to place its own interpretation on the life and character of Jesus. He is regarded by representatives of this school as one of the great men of the Jewish race, an exalted moral teacher whom Jews generally should accept and follow. This is the attitude of such authors as H. G. Enelow in his" A Jewish View of Jesus," and Joseph Jacob in his "Jesus as Others Saw Him."

The Reform Movement, however, represents but a small section of Judaism. Having discarded most of the Jewish religious traditions, orthodox leaders look upon these adherents of Reform teaching as already occupying a halfway house to Christianity. For them to speak of Jesus is only one more evidence of their departure from the established traditions of their people. But of late there have been signs that even among the orthodox the old Jewish tradition of silence concerning Jesus is coming to an end. A treatise in Yiddish on Jesus by Dr. Chaim Zhitlowsky has recently been published. Its appearance has mightily stirred the New York Ghetto. Dr. Zhitlowsky maintains the historicity of Jesus and demands that Jews revise their attitude toward Him by accepting Him as one of their prophets.

Of far greater significance, is Dr. Joseph Klausner's "Jesus of Nazareth." Dr. Klausner is one of the greatest living Hebraists and historians. He is a Zionist. He i.s a professor in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He wrote in Hebrew for Jewish readers. He emphasizes the historical reality of Jesus and regards Him as one whom Jews can no longer ignore. Their acceptance of Him as a teacher he considers would add much to the prestige of the Jewish race. Needless to say this Hebrew scholar is leagues and leagues away from the Christian position. He will have nothing to do with Jesus either as Messiah, Saviour, or Prophet. He says: "To the Jewish nation He can be neither Goc;l nor the Son of God, in the sense conveyed by belief in the Trinity. Either conception is to the Jew not only impious and blasphemous, but incomprehensible. Neither can He, to the Jewish nation, be the Messiah; the Kingdom of Heaven-the Day of the Messiah-is not yet come. Neither can He be regarded as a Prophet; he lacks a Prophet's political perception and the Prophet's spirit of national consolation in the political national sense." In other words, Dr. Klausner as a Zionist rejects Jesus for the selfsame reason that actuated the leaders of his people nineteen centuries ago-Jesus did not give political supremacy to Israel. He does, however, extol Jesus as a teacher and looks forward

1926J JESUS IN THE GHETTO TODAY

to the time when properly edited, "the Ethics of Jesus will be one of the choicest treasures in the literature of Israel for all time."

The real significance of this book is not what Dr. Klausner has to say about Jesus, but that a distinguished Jewish scholar should write about Jesus at all. Nearly three score Jewish generations ha,:,e come and gone without pronouncing His name. Now that name is being carried by this book into every Ghetto of the world. This is nothing short of a revolution.

But, as might have been expected, such departures from age-long Jewish tradition were bound to encounter the determined opposition of official Judaism. Their attitude has not changed. Their antagonism to Jesus and His claims is as determined as ever.

In the autumn of 1922, Rabbi A. A. Green, of the Hampstead synagogue, London, in order to fortify his young people against the Christian influences to which they were subjected planned to hold a class for the study of the New Testament, choosing first for exposition the Gospel of Mark. Though his purpose was wholly defensive, the angry tumult raised by the Jewish press and community was so great that the effort had to be abandoned.

It will also be recalled that last December when Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, of New York, took advantage of the appearance of Dr. Klausner's book in its English translation to speak of Jesus, his utterances stirred up the wrath of his orthodox brethren. Though he followed Klausner in saying that Jesus must be accepted as a historical character, that He was a Jew, that He could not be acrepted as divine, and that He never intended to found another religion; he went on to declare that "the Jews must accept Jesus as a Jewish teacher and accept His ethical code." The furore created in orthodox Jewish circles by these utterances was so great that with shouts of indignation the resignation of Rabbi Wise as Chairman of the Palestinian Fund for the rehabilitation of the Jewish homeland was sternly demanded. And though his resignation was not accepted the extreme orthodox section established their own Fund.

These things show that beneath a veneer of tolerance there is still a deep-seated antagonism to Jesus. As a writer in the Jewish Chronicle, of London,. commenting on Rabbi Wise's utterances, expressed it: "For a Jew to preach-in any form-to Jews on 'Jesus' is an abomination, is 'death,' or betrayal of the soul." But the root of the antagonism is not wholly a misunderstanding of the person and character of Jesus. It is perhaps more a fear for the future of Judaism and of the synagogue. As another critic of Rabbi Wise put it: "For Jews to study and discuss the life of Jesus is simply to clear a path from the synagogue to the church."

But such attitudes and utterances only reveal the desperate condition of Judaism. Jesus is surely and unquestionably winning His way into the ghettos of the world. Nothing but unchristian conduct

and failure to proclaim His Gospel can hold Him back. Wherever His spirit is manifested in sympathy and kindness and His truth intelligently and earnestly unfolded He wins an undivided response from Jewish hearts. rrhough efforts to interpret Christ to the Jews by the Christian Church have been incredibly meager and fitful, yet the present-day influence of Jesus upon Jewish life far exceeds that of any previous period.

Since the war, in Eastern Europe there has been something approaching a mass movement of Jews toward Christianity. From a report presented to the General Assembly of the United Free Church of Scotland last May we learn that in the city of Vienna since 1918 many thousands of Jews have entered the Christian Church, among them Hans Herzl, son of the founder of the modern Zionist Movement. Within the confines of the old undivided Hungary, during the same period, no fewer than 40,000 Jews have been admitted to the Christian churches of that land. In Budapest alone over 2,500 .rewish converts have'been added to the membership of the Presbyterian Church, and half as many more to other Protestant communions. In Ukrainia whole congregations of Hebrew Christians have been formed.

Here in America the influence of Christianity upon the Jewish people is difficult to estimate. Christian efforts to break down prejudice and win Jews to an adequate knowledge of Jesus have been feeble and intermittent. It is only within very recent years that any Protestant denomination has attempted to make work for the Jews an integral part of its missionary program. Notwithstanding, the impact of evangelical Christianity upon Judaism has not been without definite results. It is estimated that 20,000 Jews have entered into the fellowship of the evangelical churches of America in this generation. Hundreds of churches in all parts of the country have Jews in their membership. The number might be incalculably increased if every church having Jews in its communIty-and there are many thousands of such churches-sought with sympathy and under, standing to interpret Christianity to their Jewish neighbors.

What then will be the future of Jesus in relation to the Jews? For those who nourish their faith on the Christian Scriptures the answer is clear. We catch the vision of a day'when "All Israel will be saved." That day, as envisaged by the great Apostle is to be a veritable springtime of blessing to the whole world. Jesus is to see at length the travail of His soul and be satisfied. He is to be crowned as Lord in every Ghetto of the world. To this end the purpose of God is silently, surely moving. Over every effort in behalf of this ancient people His promises are brooding. We may well cherish the hope that here in America the Christian churches of the land may have a large share in hastening the promised day of Israel's redemption when with measureless devotion and exultation Christ will be acknowledged by "His own."

THAN ONE HALF OF THE AUDTENCE AT THE REGULAR ORPHANAGE

SERVICE, SYRIA Near East Relief as a Christian Mission BY SUMNER R. VINTON, NEW YORK Director of Visual Publicity of the Near East Relief T HE impression of the appeals made at the beginning of the Near East Relief work persists in the memory: "Children are hungry. Feed them." The first emphasis was on relief work and America responded splendidly. A great program of relief was inaugurated which has saved more than a million lives, mostly women and children.

Even relief work is one expression of that great Christian missionary spirit that seeks to share blessings with others whether material or spiritual. Jesus Christ Himself came to earth with a great spiritual mission, but He did not hesitate to heal the sick and feed the hungry. His disciples have followed Him literally. Missionaries have again and again been the leaders in relief work during famines and after great national disasters. "Pure religion and undefiled before our God and Father is this, to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction. " But this is not all of religious activity for James adds an important item that some overlook. The prophet Isaiah also saw this expression of religion in clear perspective (58: 6-8) and Christ reiterated it (Matt. 25: 31-45).

599

DAILY VOJ.UNTARY PRAYER MEETING GROUP OF NAZARETH ORPHANS. THE BOY WHO STARTED THJS HAS "GRADUATED", BUT SIX BOYS WHOM HE TRAINED CONTINUE THE PLAN It was inevitable that in Near East Relief there should come a shift of emphasis. This was foreshadowed in the very terms of the charter granted by Act of Congress in August 1919 in which it is stated that part of the objective of Near East Relief is t.o "assist in the repatriation and re-establishment of suffering and dependent people of the Near East ….. and to promote the social and economic and industrial welfare of those who have been rendered destitute." It is not enough to save people from death. They must be helped until able to help themselves. As long as they are in need they are our" Neighbors, " to whom we must minister.

At the outset of the work, when Near East Relief was still known as the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, the extent of the tragedy of Armenia was not fully known. In those days it was thought that $100,000 would be the total amount needed to meet the emergency. By 1919, however, it was realized that a nation had been completely dispossessed and that at least a third of them were dead. ~'he children in the care of America were for the most part hopelessly alone, without relatives who could some day take over their support after the immediate emergency period should have passed. The bulk of the orphans were under twelve years of age and America found herself in the position of both father and mother, with responsibility not simply to care for them

NEAR EAST RELIEF AS A .cHRISTIAN MISSION d01

physically, but to fit them for life. It was necessary that some plan should be formulated whereby these children should eventually be fitted for self-support.

As a first step toward this end, it was natural that a program of school work should be undertaken. There have been no illiterates from among the graduates of Near East Relief orphanages to swell the large number who ·are totally illiterate in the Near JiJsst. Even this elementary schooling haa proven itself to be a first step toward the development of a possible leadership. It was natural that vocational training should be undedaken and that a program of industrial training should be inaugurated. That program is in full force today. It teaches the children to produce such things as can be sold in the countries in which they are to live and work. While Near East Relief is introducing improved tools and methods, the instruction is not 80 advanced as to educate the boys and girls above t.he level they can hope to attain. Naturally much has been d<m~ along the line of agricultural training, for the bulk of these boys and girls must earn their living frOID the soil.

Schools and colleges, industrial and agricultural training, have long been recognized as a part of a sound foreign mission policy in the non-Christian lands of the world. They are needed to develop leaders for the native church and to bring it to self-support.

But the essentially missionary character of the work of Near EVENING PRAYERS [NONE Ob' THE GIRLS' DORM.ITORY ROOMS IN SYRIA WHERE 600 SLEEP

East Relief is revealed by the fact that the program today has a distinctly religious, Christian element. It is definitely committed to a program of religious education. Most of the children are of Armenian-Gregorian, or Greek-Orthodox, parentage and all of the orphanages directly conducted by Near East Relief are Christian.

Religious education from a Christian viewpoint had to be a part of the program in view of the type of men who organized the move- ment. Ambassador Morgenthau's appeal was brought to the then Lay- men's Missionary Movement as being the organization that could best put the need before the coun- try. Dr. Barton, long a mission- ary in Turkey and at the head of the American Board, has been chairman of the organization; :Mr.

Charles V. Vickrey, the general secretary, has been associated with missionary movements from the days of his being one of the famous Yale '98 S. V. Band and later a secretary of the Young People's Missionary Movement.

Consider, too, the large number of missionaries among those who had charge pf the administration of the early relief work. Their own work had been interrupted by the war, so that they were free; they knew the country, the people, th~ language, and they had the mis- sionary spirit in their hearts.

We should remember too that, as the emergency period passed and the work no longer ONE OF . THE BLIND AT JERUSALEM commanded large space in the READING NEW TESTAMENT. WHEN public press for its news value, the ASKED WHY SHE MOVED HER HAND IN- predominance of support has STEAD DB' KEEPING STILL FOR THE come from the chnrches. The PICTURE, SHE SAID HElR FINGERS viewpoint and advice of men and TOUCHED THE WORD "JESUS" AND SHE COULD NOT WAIT TO FIND WHAT IT SAID ABOUT HIM women intetested in church and missionary work bave greatly helped to give form to the present program. .

The following elements may be noted in the program of Religious Education that permeates all the activities of .Near East Relief.

First, the teachers are practically all of them Christian, largely the product of mission schools, Second, religions chapel services. Third, thanksgiving and God's l;>lessing asked at meals. Fourth, Bible stu'dy is a part of the daily school program and, of course, enters especially into the Sunday program.

192&] NEAR EAST RELIEF AS A .cHRISTIAN MISSION

Fifth, evening prayers in the dormitories. Sixth, in some of the orphanages voluntary, orphan-led services of real significance and value have developed. Seventh, in this connection may very well be mentioned organizations for the development of self-government, such as the Juvenile Court at Corinth. The aim is to have the orphans themselves define and enforce moral and ethical standards in keeping with the teaching of Christ. Eighth, Sunday services: Ca) Where feasible, children attend local churches according to the faith of their fathers. In some cases there is not room for all of the orphans each Sunday-for example, Armenians in Corinth, Syra and Athens. A great deal of thought and effort has been expended on plans to enrich, strengthen and extend the work of these churches. Dr. Voris spent five months during 1925 in the territory of the Near East interviewing the leaders of the Oriental Churches and getting their pledge of support for plans that would introduce Western Sunday-school methods adapted to the calendars of the Oriental Churches. (b) Special church services in the orphanages. These are necessary for the reason menti{)ned above, but they would have been organized anyway. These orphanage services take the form of regular church services with preaching, very much on our ordinary American plan. (c) Sunday-school work. (d) Services aimed to develop the expressional side of the religious life of the orphans.

In February of this year a representative group met at the national headquarters of Near E.ast Relief to formulate definite plans for Sunday-school lessons for use throughout all the Near East. This group was composed of representatives of the Oriental Churches in America, the Religious Education organizations of America, the Mission Boards operating in the Near East and other agencies working there, including the American Bible Society, World's Sunday School Association, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., W orId Alliance and Federal Council of Churches. The religious educators and the Foreign Mission Boards were further represented through the Joint Committee on Methods and Material for Religious Education in Foreign Fields, which had created a Committee on Near East Lessons for this purpose. These men and women agreed to proceed at once on lesson material to offer the Near East Relief overseas personnel and the native church leaders for their use or modification, both abroad and in America.

A Committee on Correlation of work being done by American agencies in the Near East was created and will be of large service. Although each agency will retain full freedom, correlation of effort will go far to supply the demand of the Eastern Churches for our Western Evangelical interpretation, social application, and practical example of Christianity.

It is a notable fact that within the last two years there has come what Dr. Barton calls a revolutionary changw in the attitude of the Oriental Churches toward Western Christianity. The Greek Bishop of Syra voiced this change at the Universal Conference on Life and

Work, at Stockholm, and said that it was due to the demonstration of love that the churches of America had furnished through Near East Relief.

-While this organization has no claim to oeing a foreign mission agency of any church or group of churches in -other particulars, Near East Relief has as its great objectives the building of individual Christian character, the development of leadership in things worth while, the creation of a better spirit and relationship between individuals and nations and a real advance of the Kingdom of God and of righteousness upon earth. Near East Relief is rendering notable service along missionary lines in Bible lands.

BIBLE CLASS AT SIDON. P'ART OF 1'l!E DAILY SCHOOL PROGRAM The Road to Happiness This is the Road to Happiness: And take the Gloak of Charity, St.art Now, f)'om Where You Are; The Staff of Wise Employ, , 'Turn to the Rigllt and keep straight on," A loaf of Bread of Daily Grace, And you 'Il not find it far. A flask well filled with Joy; Along the Path of Willing Feet A word of cheer, a helping hand, An dover Heartease Hill, Some good to give or share, Aeross the Fields of Sweet Content, A bit of song, a higb resolve, The Stream of Glad Good-Will; A hope, a smile, a prayer.

Then through the Lane of Loving Heart, And in the Place of Dnty Done, The Gate that's called To-day, Beside the Door of Home, And down the steps of Little Things You'll find the House of Happiness- Into the Common Way. For Happiness does not roam. -Annie Johnson Flint in Sunday School T·"nes.

Years' Changes in West Africa *

BY REV. MELVIN FRASER, D.D., LOLODORF Dr. Fraser, for over thirty years a Presbyterian· Missionary in West Mrica, is President of Dager Memorial Theological and Bible Training School at Lolodorf. Dr. Fraser has, as he says in the following article, seen the entire mission force in the Cameroun change more than once in the three decades of his service there, and has seen the work grow from small beginnings to its present importance.

T HE past thirty years in West Africa have been years of more change and forward movement than were the preceding sixty years. A pen picture of contrasts between prevailing conditions in our Africa mission field thirty years ago and today is not only interesting as a bit of modern history of something that again "turned the world up-side down," but as a kind of dynamic incentive to more of such turning and movement toward the beckoning possibilities of which the past score and half of years are but an earnest.

Thirty years ago, there were three stations at Baraka, Benito, Batanga, all on the rather moribund coast; another, Angom, seventy miles up the Gaboon River, and Efulen, an infant of less than three years. Today, Baraka and her French satellite Angom having been transferred to the Paris Evangelical Society, the annual budget is made out for six additional stations, an average of one new station every five years-Elat, MacLean Memorial, Metet, Foulassi, Sakbeyeme, and Yaounde, with occupation of Bafia soon to ripen into the status of a station.

Thirty years ago about a score of missionaries, by dint of grit and grace, were on the field. Today there are more than four score. The personnel'has so changed that not one is there today who was there when the two of us survivors arrived on the field thirty-one years ago. God buries (or otherwise removes) the workers, but carries on the work. But, strangely enough, while the number of missionaries has increased four-fold, the work has so expanded and become so exactingly specialized that each missionary seems to have about four times as much to do. But as the days and duties so the strength.

Thirty years ago there were some half dozen organized churches dotting the coast-{)nly one, Angom, inland seventy miles up the Gaboon River, with a membership of a few hundred-rather static and, like Laotiicea, "neither hot nor cold." Today there are thirtyone churches reaching more than 200 miles into the jungle interior and holding a membership of 32,000 men and women.

A score and a half of years ago, as many Bible readers as there are fingers on one hand, with little or no special training and operat- ~om Women and Mt.BBion8~ April, 1926. 605

ing within the bounds of old organized churches on the coast, constituted the native evangelistic force. But the Spirit of God has been at work and things have been brought to pass. At this writing some 500 Bible readers, like the stars in a dark night, twinkling, differing in magnitude and difficult to count, men who start and hold preaching points, are distributed far and near, groups of eighty at a time taking their rotary turns at the school of systematic Bible training. This host of men-mostly young men, brands plucked from the burning but yesterday, on meager although "living" pay, unlearned, names unknown in the home land-are true knights of the cross, mighty and indispensable in the soul-winning movement of our Mission. Thirty years ago the Presbytery of Corisco could report two or three licentiates; now there are forty of these prospective ministers.

In those days of small things thirty years ago, small vernacular schools were running, rather spasmodically, at one or more of the stations, a few lads "playing study" at German or Spanish, and village schools were scarce. In this year of 1926, a visitor at any interior station would hear the buzz and feel the "pep" of these "power factories "-two to three hundred vernacular boys and girls studying the five-years' course of French, and from a score to several dozen surrounding village schools, near and far, busy in their separate localities.

Then the girls, put under a lien and decorated brides with bright beads as soon as they could walk, were forced into polygamous marriage and the notion prevailed among male natives that girls and women could not-at least should not-know anything but sin and servitude. Now a girls' school of one hundred at any station is a matter of course, and girlhood, potential womanhood, through applied Christianity is getting her Magna Charta.

Then boys had to be gone after and literally coaxed and hired with a promise of goods-half a yard of cloth to wear instead of nothing, and a handful of salt once a week-and they came not alone, but under escort of the missionaries, lest they be kidnapped as they walked through hostile villages. Today, travel being safe and school appreciated, the aspiring boys overflow the dormitories and school rooms and gladly pay the nominal fee for the privilege. In much less than thirty years, the keenly observing and ambitious boys, who have both eye and instinct to find roads, have learned that the path to position and prosperity and escape from grinding drudgery runs through the schoolroom. Yet not the school alone, for it has dawned upon thousands of boys and hundreds of girls that the fear of Jehovah is both the beginning and the continuation of welfare and wisdom. In those receding pioneer days, medical work was small and doc- tors exceedingly scarce. The yelling, ubiquitous witch-doctor had it

192fl] THIRTY YEARS! CHANGES IN WEST AFRtcA

all his own way-and it was some way. Now it is the policy to have a physician at each station, with a well-supplied dispensary and equip- ment to serve the thousands who come, walking or carried, from near and far, many of them asking for sleep medicine and to be "split" by the white man who, with the sharp knife, has all power to cut and cure. And the voice of the plumed monster whose roaring held the people spell-bound and scared out the witches is heard in the land as an echo of thirty years ago.

Then the native, the untrained child of nature, had been born and bred to think-so far as he indulged in thinking-that there was more pleasure and profit in fighting, gambling, tricky trading in rubber and ivory, than in working. Let the women do the work, except the little sewing of his cloth, which was the man's job. But the appar- ently lruzy native was not slow to wake up as soon as he was given something definite to do and a motive for doing it. The visitor today is amazed to see the hundreds of apprentices at Elat and other sta- tions being trained in as many as a dozen forms of craft which teach the dignity of work with the hands, as well as provide a means of decent living. And all this with the primary aim of making men, not things.

In the pioneering days, the interior native was amazed at the idea of putting thought on paper. He had only recently seen paper . and borrowed a coast word (kalate) for book, and was staring in shy astonishment at the recently-arrived alphabet that could spell words. Now, more people can read thim the number of stars seen by the naked eye on a clear night, and a vernacular literature is abroad.

These same thirty years ago, two or three theologs might have been seen sitting at the feet of the venerable lady professor in her hospitable cottage on the coast of rOll-ring surf-where Sunday morn- ings after church she was wont to refresh the missionaries with lime- ade and cookies, good cheer and chat. Since then, as many. as twenty- seven dusky and husky sprigs of divinity have gathered in class in the theological and Bible training plant, with lecture rooms and dor- mitories costing $8,000 and a curriculum covering four years.

The principle of self-support has come to the front and to the rescue. In those former years, the natives received their benefits in quite a literal and extreme sense, without money and without price. There were patients without fees, schools without tuition, churches yet strangers to the grace of liberal and systematic giving. They wanted to be and were fed from a spoon. Then the interior work was opened and developed on the basis of self-support in churGh, educa- tional and medical departments, and, the coast people complied.

In these thirty wondrous years, perhaps there is no one thing in the economy of practical existence that has changed more markedly or happily than the matter of health. Tropical Africa used

to be called the "white man's grave," and in the face of facts it was hard to gainsay the saying. Not only were avoidable graves filled by drinking whites who lived carelessly, but even our missionaries died needlessly. Hemoglobinuric fever made havoc up to about twenty years ago. The climate has not changed, but the health record has. At last some of the causes of malady and mortality have been found out and dealt with. The Anopheles mosquito has not moved out nor been exterminated, but it has been arrested, indicted, convicted and has had the ban put upon his hatching, boundaries set as to where he shall go, and his sting is counteracted by such specific as quinine.

What has been done in thirty years is worthy of a glance, but surely cannot be fairly interpreted until that glance sees the finger pointing plainly forward to the great things of the next thirty years -of which all the past, glad and grateful as we are for it, is but an earnest with which we cannot be satisfied until our Lord has "seen the travail of His soul and is satisfied."

THE MODERN Hl:SSIONARY BY ALEXANDER M. ALLAN, BOGOTA, COLOMBIA The Christian missionary of today does not spend much time under a palm tree, preaching to savages with a Bible under his arm. He is more usually found ata typewriter, and does more bookkeeping than is generally supposed.

He does not often have the dreary voyages and the isolation of the pioneers of half a century ago; his furloughs are more frequent, and his living conditions much better.

Neither does he have, however, the quiet life of his predecessor; he has far more strain, more organization, and more demands on his mental force and nervous energy.

The ideal modern missionary is the human keystone of an arch, the inspirer of a group of national workers, the brain of a movement, the prayer center and counselor of a national church.

Long ago it was desirable that his furlough come as infrequently as possible-travel was so difficult-; now it is considered of the utmost importance to recruit the forces, sharpen the mind and refresh the spirit of the missionary through more frequent furloughs, so that he may be more adequately furnished for his task.

Suffering was the keynote of the early pioneers; efficiency is the watchword of the present generation.

"Take care of the Lord's money even if His servants suffer" was the old battle cry. Today we hear it said rather: "Take care of the Lord's servants, even if it costs more."

Then a missionary gathered his audience, as. a personal evangelist; the day may soon come when the radio will be used to preach the Gospel simultaneously to thousands of villages.

Though methods change, the spirit of Paul, greatest of all mission· aries, is still what we most covet: the grace, patience, endurance and love, coupled with the art of creating and fostering churches, in which Christ is all and in all.

SACATON PIMA I N DIA N CHUR C H IlTTJI.'r AS A MEMORIAL TO DR

H. COOK An Indian Mission in Arizona* A Christian Church That Has Become the Center of an Indian Tribe ACHURCH which has entered into the whole life of its people is at work among the Pima Indians in Arizona, centering at Sacaton. The leaders of this work, both Indian and white, have, in fifty years, led a whole tribe from semi-barbarism into a Christian community, The results show the aptitude of the Indians for Christian civili'zation, if Christian ideas and ideals are presented in the right way. The field takes in four hundred and six square miles, all of the Gila River and part of the Papago reservations. The mission has grown until it now has over thirteen hundred members and includes nine churches and stations scattered over this area. 'rhe white missionary in charge has nine full-time Indian helpers and one part~ time man.

Fifty-six years ago young Charles H. Cook started the work on his own responsibility. The mission boards had no money for such an enterprise, for Indian affairs in Arizona were at that time in a very unsettled state. The Government at Washington warned him that it would be dangerous to go. But Cook went, working his way out and preaching whenever opportunity offered. He arrived at the Agency on December 23, 1870, with two dollars in his pocket. On January 1st, he was on the pay-roll of the Government as a teacher with a salary of $1,000 and all expenses paid, a good income for those days.

·'.i'he following story is reprinted by permission at' the Institute ot Social and Religlous Research. 370 Seventh Avenue, New York City, from its volum,e of stories ot successfu1 country churches entitled "Churches of Distinction in TOWIl and Country,'" ThIs volume i s publ1shed for the In stitute by George H. Doran Co., New York.

609 J

From that time until he was an old man, Mr. Cook worked with the Pimas. During the earlier years he could do his mission work only on Sundays and at night, for he had to earn his living on week- days. After he had been working on the reservation about eight years the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions undertook his support so that he was able to devote all his time to the mission work. At first he talked and preached out in the fields, because it was there that he found the Indians. Sometimes he would talk in the little round dwelling-places called "kihs," where one must stoop to enter and sit with lowered head because of the smoke. Sometimes he preached in the village counsel-houses, and if the people were friendly, the village captain or sub-chief would call them together for the meeting. His addresses were always interpreted during the first years, but he studied the language and worked out for himself a dictionary of Pima words, so that before long the Lndians could understand him. He taught much and he won the children at first by giving them cubes of sugar and pieces of bread. "That's the way he catch 'em," said an old Indian. As soon as the children learned English, they could interpret for him.

Mr. Cook's courage and patience were proof against all discouragement. It was twelve years before he won his first convert and nineteen years before his first church was organized. The work grew by the conversion of one Indian here, another there, then a whole family, then several families. The next step would be the organization of a church. So it went. The first church was organized at Sacaton on April 3, 1889. The. Gila Crossing Church was organized in 1894, the Blackwater in 1900, and the two other churches, Casa Blanca and Maricopa, were organized in 1902.

Mr. Cook ministered to the whole man. He taught the Pimas the simple story of Christ, and he also taught them better ways of living; he worked to protect their water rights just as faithfully as he preached the Ten Commandments. The Pimas grew to love and trust this earnest white man, and gradually began to take all their problems to him and to put his words into practice. As a result of his wise dealings with these people the church today is so woven into their lives that one cannot mark the place where its influence begins or where it leaves off.

The land of the Pimas is sandy desert country, fertile, indeed, with water, but absolutely unproductive without it. The water question has been a burning one for years, for the Indians are dependent for their living upon the land. From prehistoric times they have understood the practice of irrigation, the Gila River affording plenty of water for their needs. But as the white men settled in the valley far above, they gradually diverted the water to their own use. In the days when the Apache was on the war path, thePimas helped to protect the white man, but when those dangerous days were over

192(>] AN INDIAN MISSION IN ARIZONA

the white man expressed his gratitude by taking the Indian's water.

Some wells were put in which provided water for part but not all of the reservation. Many of the Indians have had one crop failure after another, year after year. Is it any wonder that the Indian says: "When the white man begins, he takes all"? Oharles H. Oook, however, was one white man who never let the Government or the public forget the injustices done to the Pimas. It is safe to say that had not this guardian of their interests been at 11and to check- mate these efforts to despoil the Pimas of their heritage, they would long ago have been objects of charity.

"Oook agitated the Pima's need [for an adequate water supply] and laid the foundation for the remedy of that need; the work that he did pointed the way to what was needed," said the sec- retary of the Indian Rights Association. Dr. Oook also fought to keep the Pimas' land for the Pimas, and his successor, Dr. Lay, has carried on the struggle.

"I want the Pimas to value their land," says Dr. Lay, the present missionary. "I do not want them to forget that many of their fathers and grandfathers died to keep the Apaches away."

In other ways also Dr. Oook and his successor have served the ONE OF THE INDIAN ELDERS temporal interests of the Pimas.

With the Ohristian Indians as leaders, the recreational and social life of the Pimas has gradually been changed. Standards of family life, the marriage law and the position of women, ever a determin- ing factor among Indians, are now those of the average white com- munity. The church is the main influence in directing public opinion and the old Indian religion commands no followers.

Years ago, the first native policeman to attempt to enforce the laws against drinking on the reservation was one of Dr. Oook's earliest converts. At that time, the Indians used to make intoxicat- ing wine in big jars called" olIos." On these occasions whole villages would get drunk, and often there would be fights. "We would see a man all covered with blood, his clothes all bloody," said an old Indian, adding reminiscently, "and once in a while a murder."

Indian policeman, sent to break the "olIos" and stop the drinking would usually end by joining in the celebration. Finally, the agent appointed a new chief of police and put new men under him. The son of this chief of police tells what happened. "My father," he said, "had become interested in the story of Jesus before this; he had commenced to attend church and had been baptized. He went out with his men and they didn't get drunk like those others did. They smashed the 'olIos' with the wine in them. That was the beginning of stop make that stuff. My father was the first Indian policeman to enforce the law. against the drinking in any village." The reservation is now a model of sobriety.

Recreations, too, have changed. Formerly the foot and horse races between villages were the excuse for heavy gambling. "The women," an old Indian declared, "would even bet the skirts they were wearing." Recreational life now centers in the church and the Government schools. Villages compete in clean. athletics, and the poij.cy of the Mission includes a definite program of recreation. The Pima Athletic Association, which now has seventy members, was organized by Dr. Lay seven years ago. A football league is controlled by the Athletic Association.

As time has gone on, more and more responsibility in the various organizations of the Presbyterian Mission has oeen accorded to the Indians. Often the outstanding weakness of a work of this kind is that everything is managed for the Indian, he himself contributing nothing. Here, on the other hand, the management of affairs has been gradually turned over to the members, until at present they take as much responsibility as do the members of the average white church.

The Sacaton Church, which was built in 1918 as a memorial to Dr. Cook, is the central and largest church building. The Indians and their white friends all worked together to raise the funds and obtained $17,000 of the $25,000 needed. The building committee then appointed the church treasurer and Dr. Lay to ask a bank in Casa Blanca for the remaining $8,000 on loan, and the request.was granted with no other security than" the face of an Indian." The building is of gray stucco. The church auditorium seats five hundred and the basement is divided into differen.t classrooms and a kitchen, furnished with a stove and dishes and silver for one hundred people.

Eight other buildings are scattered over the mission field. Four are the homes of regular church organizations, one is a mission and the rest are small chapels located in parishes which are so large that it is more convenient to have two places of meeting. The chapels are used for Sunday evening meetings, prayer meetings, and Christian Endeavor meetings. The total value of these" outpost" buildings, which were all built by the people themselves, even to the adobes, is $8,000. Four have outdoor arbors where summer meetings

AN INDIAN MISSION IN ARIZONA

are held. There are two manses, one at Sacaton and one at Gila Crossing, and there are also two houses for workers on that part of the Papago reservation which is included in this field.

The Indians are assuming more responsibility all the time in self-suppol:t, and in this connection it should be borne in mind that because of the whites taking their water, many of these Indians are not as well off financially as they were thirty years ago. This is still a home mission field, a little more than $4,600 having been received in 1922-23 for the support of the work from the Presbyterian Board and from some outside contributors. There is little doubt, however, that when the Pimas all have water, the work will become entirely self-supporting. In 1922, the churches gave $432 for home missions, $38 for foreign missions, $120 for evangelism, $50 for other church THE PRIMARY CLASS OF THE CA8A BLANCA CHURCH IN THE SACATON FIELD causes and $126 for miscellaneous benevolences. 1m 1902, twenty years earlier, they gave only $138 for home missions, $14 for foreign missions and $29 for all other church and benevolent causes. In 1922, $1,275 was raised for congregational expenses; in 1912, $450 was raised for this purpose, and in 1902 only $127.

Collections are taken up at all meetings. Each church uses the budget system and makes out its own budget. An every-member canvass is made every spring by the group leaders. The people promise to pay something, but they rarely pledge actual amounts because they cannot tell in advance about their crops. They give what they can.

Membership of the churches increases steadily. In 1902 the total membership was 896; in 1922 it had grown to 1,382, distributed among five organized churches. This represents a higher membership average than in any other group of Indian churches in the United

States. The total number of members equals 22 per cent of the population.

Oare is taken to keep track of every church member and a regular" ever-follow" system has been worked out. Ea,ch elder is supervisor of a district and watches over every church family in his district. When the weather begins to get cold, he sees that all of his families have enough wood. If a home is without wood and has not the money to buy any, he calls the men of the church together and they cut and haul wood for that family. Or, if the house of a widow or sick family is letting in the rain and cold, the men of the cliurch take time to rebuild the house. Furthermore, in every village there are group leaders each of whom has a list of people for whose attendance at meetings he assumes responsibility. These group leaders 20me together once a month in the Religious Oouncil, which was organized two years ago to discuss general policies, methods and plans.

Members have a real feeling of responsibility toward those who are not members of any church. "If one of our neighbors is not a member of any church we have to go to him and hold a little meeting at his house," said an elder, "then we just keep ou' going until he say he is glad to see us, until he wait for us to come back again. We talk to him about the Gospel and keep on coming again' and again. Then when Communion is coming, I have to go to him and ask him how he feel now. I say, 'If you want, come to Communion.' He say, 'All right, I go.' Then I report to Dirk Lay who goes and sees him. Maybe the next Communion he join, or the next one after that."

The chief evangelistic effort is made at the yearly camp meeting, held in the large arbor at Casa Blanca. These camp meetings were started by Dr. Oook fifteen years ago and have been held every year since. They are now managed by the Indians themselves through the Elders' Association (which includes elders from all the Indian churches on the Gila River and Salt River reservations). On the last days there is always a big collection which amounted at the last me~ting to $431.94. Expenses came to $289.56, and the balance was sent as a contribution to home missions.

Years ago Dr. Cook started to teach the Bible to school children once a week. This work has grown until now regular catechism classes are held every Tuesday night at Sacaton in which all the Presbyterian school children in the Government boarding school are enrolled. Now every church member is enrolled in one of the six Sunday-schools of which the total membership is 1,580. Once a year the children are asked if they would like to join the church. After the class period is over, Dr. Lay conducts a training course for teachers and anyone else who is interested.

The nine Christian Endeavor Societies-six senior, one inter-

1926J AN INDIAN r.nSSION IN ARIZONA

mediate and two junior-have a total enrollment of two hundred and forty-two. Regular meetings are held on Sunday morning or evening, and each society has socials through the year. The senior societies often go almost en masse to other villages to help organize Christian Endeavor Societies if there is none or to encourage a society already organized. Other organizations include an Old People's Society at Casa Blanca of twenty-five members; a Y. M. C. A. with twenty members at Blackwater, and women's missionary societies, with thirty-fiV'e members, at Sacaton and Blackwater.

'1'0 be at Sacaton and see the services through a Sunday convinces one that this church has somehow given the Indians a real V'ision of a living Christ. Church services at Sacaton come in the afternoon and the scene resembles the grounds of a state fair with 11-' THE HOUSE OF A WIDOW FAILS. INTO BAD REPAIR, HER FELLOW-CHURCH- MEMBERS FIX IT l'P FOR HER teams and riding horses fastened all along the fence about the church grounds.

The number of mission workers this field has produced shows how the message has touched the hearts of the Pima Indians. Six have gone into the ministry in the last five years. In the last ten years, a total of eighteen have decided to dedicate their lives to Christ. All of the nine native assistants and the part-time worker came from this field. Three of these men are stationed on the Papago reservation. One of the mission workers tells of the instructions Dr. Cook gave to him when he started off to do his first preaching. "Take care of yourself," Dr. Cook told him. "You are like an open book in the eyes of your fellow men. People will come to hear you preach. They will read your everyday life and see whether you are trying to lead the kind of life you are talking about. They will read your conduct, your conversation and your actions. So I say, take care of yourself."

The present missionary in charge, Dr. Dirk Lay, has the absolute confidence of his people. "There are more than five hundred Indians here that Lay could take straight to hell with him if he wanted to," is the way one of his Pimas put it. He loves the Indians like brothers, and they love and trust him in return. "The elders and I have a perfect understanding," said Dr. Lay. "When I came I told them that I was going to treat them like white men and I wanted them to treat me like their own people. I told them that I wanted their respect; that I would not stay unless I had it. If I do something they don't like, they tell me about it and I do the same with them. You must have faith in your people or they will not have faith in you." The elders once told their white pastor they thought he was devoting too much of his time to athletics, to baseball especially. They talked the matter over pro and con and Lay explained to them carefully that in those places where church people did not go in for baseball t.here were often Sunday games. "You see, we go in for ball at Sacaton," he told them, "and we don't have Sunday ball." Since then he has never heard another word against athletics.

Dr. 'Cook realized that Indians, like white men, are reached not in masses or by wholesale legislation, but only as the mass is broken up and touched as individuals. "The first white man that gave us a chance to believe was Cook," said one of the elders; "then, when we old Indians learned Christian ways, we helped too. T'ogether we worked, trying to do what is right, help others, pushing right on and going right ahead."

The Mission at Sacaton has shown the capabilities of the Indians for civilization and for Christianity. It has shown what can be accomplished by Christian men of large and humane views, following a Christian program. Part of this program has been the difficult task of trying to persuade the American people that the Pimas had rights which the white man was bound to respect. Largely as a result of the missionaries' efforts along this line, the outlook for enough water for all the Pimas is favorable, the Pima lands have been allotted and they have not been leased. On the reservation, white leaders and Indians together have worked out an adequate program for a rural people living in small villages scattered over a large area. It is a program which has reached the whole life of the Indian and centered it in the church.

There are fifty thousand Indians in the United States, among whom no missionary work whatever has ever been done, either by the Roman Catholie or the Protestant Chureh. These Indians wait yet the eoming of the missionary with the White Man's" Book of Heaven. "

NATIVES DANCING IN NEW

Fifty Years in the Island of New Britain BY REV. WILLIAM H. COX, RABAUL, NEW BRIT'AIN O N the 15th August, 1875, there landed at Port Hunter, in the Duke of York Group, midway between New Britain and New Ireland, the pioneer missionary band consisting of Rev. Geo. Brown, eight Fijians and two Samoans. Mr. Brown had been moved by the stories he had heard of the barbarism of the peoples of the New Britain Archipelago, and he had prevailed on the Mission authorities in Australia to authorize the opening of a new field. He called at Fiji on the way to pick up native teachers to assist in establishing the mission.

The story of the response of the Fijians to the appeal for volunteers in this enterprise is one of the epics of missions. The case was stated to the students in the District Training College, and after having the following night to think it over and pray about it everyone of the eighty-three volunteered. Nine were selected to go. The government officials in their desire to make sure that no undue pressure was brought to bear on the men, and that they would fully understand all that was involved in going to New Britain, app~ared almost to do their utmost to frighten them. The noble answer of the student who was selected as spokesman thrills the reader even today. After assuring the Administrator that everything had been 617

fully explained to them, and thanking His Honor for the interest that was being taken in them, he said: "But, sir, we have fully considered this matter in our hearts; no one has pressed us in any way; we have given ourselves up to do God's work, and our mind today, sir, is to go with Mr. Brown. If we die, we die; if we live, we live."

In less than three months from the landing at Port Hunter one of these heroes had died-the first to lay down his life for New Britain. In 1878 four others were murdered in the hills of New Britain, arid the blood of the martyrs recorded in the dust the ignorance and savagery of the tribes to whom the missionaries had come in obedience to the ancient commission. Since then mound after mound has marked the last resting place of a long line of those who have counted their lives not dear unto themselves. Tonga, Samoa, and more particularly Fiji, have found in New Britain an outlet for the glowing missionary spirit which sends out laborers to the Lord:s harvest.

In this year of Jubilee it will be of interest to note something of how the Mission has grown and what its influence on the natives has been.

Fifty years ago the first missionary landed, and since then over one hundred white workers have come and gone. A malarial climate has meant a severe test for every new arrival, and only a very small number have been able to stay more than ten years, while the average complete term has been about four years. As each worker must learn the language of the people after arrival On the field, as well as adapt him or herself to altered conditions of life and work and to a strange people, the short term of service is a distinct -handicap. At present eight ordained missionaries, four lay missionaries, and ten missionary sisters represent the white staff, and three hundred and thirty pai'! colored workers (all but four of whom are local natives) work in the villages. Forty thousand people come under the influence of the Mission, and are ministered to in three hundred and fifteen churches, where the pulpits are occupied by the workers mentioned above, with the help of :five hundred and fifty other native local preachers. '1'here are ten thousand members of the church, and over ten thousand young people receive instruction in the day and Sunday-schools.

Perhaps the most outstanding change which the Mission work has brought is seen in the freedom with which the people now mix with each other, and the distances which they confidently travel from home. They themselves invariably refer to this feature of present day conditions when comparing them with those of former days, and cite this as an instance of what Ohristianity has done for them. The early missionaries recorded that 'villages a mile or two apart lived in constant dread of each other, and for men, women, and children

FIFTY YEARS IN THE ISLAND OF NEW BRI'l'AIN

of neighboring villages to assemble in one place on friendly terms and unarmed, as is constantly seen now, was unheard of. The writer lived for several years in a village on the east coast of New Ireland, and in that village two dialects were spoken. It was the meeting place of those two tongues; but a village three miles away knew only one, and this is an indication of how restricted were the movements of the people in the old cruel days of heathenism.

An interesting incident in the writer's experience had to do with those old conditions of inter-village warfare. We were visiting a new area with a view to settling several native teachers to break up some new soil. It was sUggl9stedthat we visit a village a little inland. I went without any misgivings, and little suspecting what NEW BRITAIN CHRISTIANS LISTENING TO A SERMON I was to witness. As we approached the village I noticed that round it were high barricades of timber, then falling into disrepair. We were accompanied by the young chief of the village we had just left, a mile or two away. 'Vhen we reached the houses we sat down on rocks and pieces of wood in the yard. I noticed that very special attention was paid to the young chief, and that from each house bundles of home-cured tobacco and valuable shell ornaments were heaped before him. I received a few gifts, but he had piles. We moved on after a time to another part of the village and sat down again, and they did the same again. One after another hurried to this chief with loads of gifts. We had been seated only a few moments in this second place when everybody appeared to be talking at once, and there was a most disconcerting hubbub. There was a tremendous shouting, sounding like arguing and quarrelling, and the young chief was loudest of all.

SOME CHILDREN OF SAVAGES IN NEW BRITAIN I did not know a word of what was being said, and it sounded as if anything might happen. A comforting fact was that the women were present and amongst the noisiest of the company. That is always a good sign, as if there is likely to be fighting the women disappear by common consent. The row was kept up for about ten minutes, and then the young chief rose and walked across the yard and gave his hand to a man who was standing there, and who had not had a word to say. Without another word being spoken, it was all over! I learned that the two villages had been at war with one another for many months, and that this was the first time that this young chief had dared to show his face in this village since hostilities began. Evidently there was general relief and rejoicing that at last peace had been restored, and only a few minutes later I counted as many as five women hanging round the young chief's neck at a time, smiling most affectionately into his face, and offering him the ends of their cigarettes to smoke-a very common courtesy amongst such folk.

That young chief was the first convert to Christianity in that neighborhood, and was a great help to the Mission until his death a few months ago.

What Christianity can do for even the most backward peoples could not have a better testimony than is found in the case of Aparam To Bobo, a native chief whose home is near the center of the missionary operations. Aparam was converted when a young man thirty years ago. He was born before the first missionary arrived, and knew no other life than that of barbarism with its suspic~on and fear, and its cannibalistic cruelty. As soon as he received the light he be-

19261] :E'1FTY YBARt'. IN TJim ISLAND 0]' NBW, BRITAIN

came a preacher and was tireless in his activity as he journeyed here and there to tell the good news to neighboring villages. His missionary suggested that he should buy a small boat so that his journeys by water might be safer and more comfortable, and, to assist him, advanced the money required. It was not long afterwards that Aparam brought the boat back saying that he wished to return it. The missionary assured him that he did not need to trouble abont the money that was owing as he could wait. But Aparam said that the boat was no use to him. "When I go to a village now the people do not wish to see me or hear what I come to tell them, all they have eyes for is my boat, and they crowd around that and feel it and admire it, and can talk and think of nothing ·else. It is a hindrance to me in my work." And that good, true, soul would not have a boat at that price.

At a teachers' meeting, with the white missionary in the chair, the question arose as to where the next meeting should be held, and one of the teachers suggested that it be at a village an hour or two's walk into the bush. Another teacher who was disposed sometimes to be a little difficult objected to this proposal, on the ground that a beach village would be much more convenient, and a good deal of heat was introduced into the argument, and these two men were on their feet together expressing warmly their views. The white missionary was watching that things would not go too far but did not know just what to do. Just at that moment Aparam, who had been outside, came to the door. He saw at once that something was wrong, and just standing long enough to take in the situation he hurried across the floor to the teacher who had let his temper get the better CHILDREN OF THE MISSION PLAYING IN NEW BRITAIN

of him, and those who saw it will never forget the picture. He put his two hands up on the other's shoulders, and looking up into his eyes he begged him not to be angry. In pleading tones he said: "You must not be angry, this is God's house, be calm, there is no need to be angry over this matter." He pleaded until the angry man was subdued and harmony was restored.

Many, many stories cou.ld be told to illustrate how true and genuine he is, and how real is his Ohristian experience. '1'0 know him truly is to love him, and he is one of God's saints. He is now an old man and is past hard work, but his faith and devotion continue unabated. Let it be said that the people from whom an Aparam To Bobo could come deserve the best we can give them, and the mission work that could produce such a trophy is eminently suited to the people.

The liberality of these people in the support of the Mission's work is no mean indication of their growth in grace and of the place the Mission's work holds in their hearts. When the first missionary arrived they had not a sixpence of foreign money, nor were they noted for generosity. Many a story could be told to prove the mean- ness of the people. We are thankful to record that their offerings this year at the annual missionary meetings amounted to £4730, and the Jubilee Fund for the erection of a new college for the training of village pastors and schoolmasters stands at £1150. To develop in the villagers a proper sense of independence and to prepare for their taking on larger responsibilities we have for some years asked them to assist in the support of their own teachers, and this year they contributed in addition to the above the sum of £590. To mark the Jubilee and to keep pace with the development of the people we are proposing to give them some share in the control of the Mission and in the finance of the District, and as a first definite step we have asked them wherever possible to undertake the entire support of their teachers, appointing stewards to collect the money needed, and pay the teachers themselves, instead of handing the money to the white missionary, as heretofore, and depending on the latter to make good any deficiency. We have reason to hop~ that this will mean a larger income arid also the development of a healthy independence amongst the natives. '

It should be remembered that gifts in money do not represent the whole of the support which comes from the people. All churches are built by them free of cost to the Society, and church debts are not permitted. Most, of the teachers' houses are built in the same way.

The· Mission's work was commenc~ with the help of teachers from the older missions, but now almost all the teachers employed are local men who have been trained in the ,i;nstitutions run for that pur- pose. This marks a definite era in the development of the Mission that we have now reached the stage when these men are able to accept

1926J FIFTY YEARS I N THE ISL.AND OF NEW BRITAIN

larger responsibilities. In the year 1916 the first native minister from amongst our New Britain people was received. Since then four others have been similarly received and are gracing the position.

Girls' schools have been established under the care of Mission Sisters, and in this way some preparation is being made for the Jarger liberty which is coming to the native womankind. By slow degrees love matches are taking the place of the old mercenary arrangement by which girls were disposed of in matrimonial matters by their relatives, and, imperceptibly almost as many changes are taking place, the difference which constitutes the gulf between today and fifty years ago is tremendous.

A NATIVE CHURCH IN NEW BRITAIN BUILT OF LIME There are still large areas untouched by Christian work, and IDany thousands are today waiting for the coming of the evangel, and there will need to be a great increase of staff and of expenditure before the task is completed, but over a large portion of the field the light has shone forth, and we are thankful that the Gospel has proved efficacious with even such unpromising material.

But briefly, cannibalism has become a thing of the past, intertribal fighting and the making and carrying of weapons are only memories, the natives intermingle freely even from widely separated ·villages and districts, many have learned the secret that puts new light into men's faces and new hope into their hearts, and not a few have entered into fellowship with the Master in service and sacrifice and Saviourhood. Women are slowly coming to their own, and young men's faces are toward the sunrise as they seek for education and knowledge that will make them adaptable to conditions which are ever changing.

There have been many failures-how could it be otherwise ¥ -but the experience of fifty years leads us to set out on the new era ushered in by the Jubilee with a confident assurance that the best is yet to be, and that the people are worthy of, and will respond to, the best we can give them.

The Jubilee celebrations were carried out on a large scale, and in feasts and dances, and particularly in decorations, into which were introduced many reminders of earlier days, and in which there appeared distinct features marking the utmost the natives of New Britain can do to honor a person or an occasion, the people sought to express their appreciation of what the Mission has done for them and what it means in their lives. The making and decorating of skillfully designed miniature houses such as find, or found, a place in certain ancient native customs involved much thought and work, and was eloquent of the people's desire to make the celebrations worthy of the occasion.

But best of all was the recognition by what seemed general consent of'an obligation to prove today the genuineness of the work of grace in their hearts by responding to the call to carryon the work of evangelizing their own people, and to go out as messengers of the Gospel to the untouched areas, just as Fijians and Samoans and others came in the early days to them.

A spirit of expectancy is abroad, and our prayer is for wisdom and grace to lay hold of this so that a vigorous and glorious church may be built up even in New Britain.

@ BEST METHODS @ ~ .~ ~ … _,, _ _

•••o" …._ …….

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUllliENBURG BLOO. PHILADELPHIA, P A.

UNMARRIED MOTHERS IN she seemed to possess everything they MISSIONS lacked, even as they possessed every- "Mother of a Thousand Daugh- thing she lacked. The sisters decided ters" is the world's tribute to Eliza to move from their New York apart- Agnew, whose great mother heart ment to their lovely old family home found place for one thousand girls of in a village, in which a college for Ceylon for whom she worked and women was located, and to adopt this prayed. She brought them to Jesus. Chinese daughter and send her to school. With joy they shared the Fidelia Fiske in Persia, Ida Scud- home and all the experience of college der, Anna Kugler, and Isabella Tho- life. When their adopted daughter burn in India and scores of women was graduated and went back to in home mission institutions in Amer- China there seemed no reason why ica are honored unmarried mothers in another daughter should not be added missions. to the family. A second Chinese daughter came in, and, when she was Belle Bennet in Kentucky adopted graduated, another took her place. one girl after another, thus becoming Now the sisters in America are sharmother of an international family. ing three daughters in China and are rejoicing in the affection of their A business woman in New York children's children. learned of a girl in North Carolina who longed for an opportunity for Unmarried motherhood suggests an education. missionary possibility unlimited.

"I will adopt her and send her to school, " proposed the volunteer mother. OUR TEMPLED HILLS IN MAGAZINES She has no large city office, and no safe-deposit box filled with bonds and By EMMELINE HARBISON stocks. Every morning she goes to work and every week she receives her To be listed among valuable helps modest salary check, her life bright- for leaders in the study of the rural ened immeasurably by her newly ac- church are magazine files and current quired family. The daughter she has numbers. Miss Harbison calls attf3ll1,- never seen sends splendid reports and tion to some arti/des which will be chatty letters of college life and the helpful and suggestive.

mother and daughter plan together Seldom has there been a mISSIOn for service in after-college days. study theme that has needed such up- Two sisters were left without any to-the-minute information as the one immediate relatives. They had an at- for this year on the problems of rural tractive home and enough money to life in America. For that reason we provide everything they needed, but should constantly be relating our all the zest was gone out of life. One study to the contents of the maga- round of social functions following zines on our library tables. One is another wearied them. A Chinese very fortunate if that list of reriodi- girl in New York attracted their at- cals has the American Review gf Re- tention. Young, eager and ambitious views in it, because during the past 625 4

few months it has been full of ma- blacksmith's shop, a Wisconsin terial dealing with agriculture and "dirt" farmer vividly pictures eco- the farmer. Beginning with an ar- nomic changes in ' ,One Farming ticle by Secretary of Agriculture Problem "-February, 1926, and in Jardine, in the January, 1926, issue, June, 1926, .a Southern farmer with which concisely sets forth the changes merchandising experience views" Fa- that have occurred since 1900, there vored Farmers" for us. It will be follows in the February number interesting to compare this last ar- "What the Corn Belt Demands," ticle with one written by the wife of dealing with the political situation a Mississippi farmer in the Century and "Farm Bloc" legislation. In for January, 1926–"As Every March there is not only a presenta- Farmer Knows."

tion of agricultural Iowa, but a re- The Literary Digest has not nesume of what the farm press has to glected the rural church in its colsay on farm needs. The April num- umns devoted to religious affairs. ber pictures the rural South and the The comments under "Threatening May issue gives interesting illustra- Rural Dry Rot," February 20, 1926, tions of the cooperative movement in are good and if you have back issues "The Northwestern Farmer in Busi- on file, " Gas Chariots and Dead ness. " Practically all of these num- Churches" will prove interesting bers have some interesting editorial reading-February 28, 1925. comment on the subject. This by no means exhausts the ma- However, one wants to get other terial available. During 1925 there viewpoints to evaluate the situation were many articles relative to the in the light of the Church's responsi- rural situation. We have suggested bility, and the April, 1926, World's some of the most recent material Work with its different political atti- only.

tude not only shows change in the article" The Waning Influence of the PRACTICAL PLANS Farmer," but predicts the future Appreciation, Associa.tion, Relaxa.- trend of the numerical influence of the farmer on our body politic. In tion. At a luncheon given by Baptist the same issue an editorial open let- women of the Central District Board ter to the Iowa Farmer reflects some in Chicago five foreign missionaries of the controversial aspects of the home on furlough and nine home mis- sionaries whose field is Chicago were situation. guests of honor.

A study of the country store past The purpose was to honor the misand present with suggestions of the sionaries, to afford opportunity for economic situation may be found in closer acquaintance, and to furnish the December 5, 1926, number of the an occasion for relaxation. The home Saturday Evening Post and the story missionaries who have been working of a successful foreign-born farmer- under much strain as well as the for- "A Homesteader in Minnesota "-in eign missionaries who have been away the American Magazine of November, from home for years were so enthusi- 1925. astic over the pleasure and benefit of such a gathering it will likely be Four aspects and points of view made an annual affair. have been depicted in the Atlantic MO'l1.thly during the past year. In Race Relations Sunday. A Con- March, 1925, there is a study of one successful "Cooperative" – "The gregational church in New York City Farmer in the Pit" and the economic observed a Race Relations Sunday re- situation is presented in "Our Em- cently in a way that was interesting battled Farmers' '-November, 1925. and educational. A group of Chi- Beginning with a controversy at a nese Christians was invited to plan

BEST MEITHODS

and conduct the entire Sunday eve- " Ming Kwong. " Both men and ning service. women were in this class and four out of the six chapters were led by The choir was composed of Chinese men. Each week a short Chinese students. 'fhe American organ was play was presented. still while Chinese instruments furnished the accompaniment for na- The menu for the last dinner was tional and church hymns in Can- made up of Chinese dishes, recipes tonese dialect. A group of Chinese for which were found in the book children recited selections, and a "Chinese Ginger," by Catherine At- Chinese Christian pastor made a kinson Miller. talk. On invitation the pastor of the church who had formerly been a mis- Ma.p Building_ Ata young peosionary in China made an address fol- pIe's meeting, with South America lowed by lantern slides showing Ori- for the theme, a map game patterned ental life. after the old-fashioned "Tail the Donkey" was played. A large out- After the service the members of line map of South and Central Amerthe congregation were given an op- ica and Mexico was drawn on book portunity of becomin~ acquainted muslin and hung on the wall. Three with their Chinese neighbors and of or four large rivers were indicated examining many articles from China but no other details. Small tags lawhich were on display. belled Buenos Aires, Mexico City and Rio de Janeiro, and so on, were dis- This congregation plans to invite tributed, two or three being prepared other foreign groups to participate in for each city. When the name of the their church services in a similar city was called various players holdmanner. ing corresponding tags were called and asked to pin their tags on the Minion Study in Missouri. A map at the place they thought that city was located. Of course some of Presbyterian church in Mt. Washing- them were far afield, which caused ton, Missouri, has a membership of much merriment and enabled the 425. 'l'hrough interest resulting from leader to claim undivided attention a missionary circulating_ library a when the final map was prepared, church school of missions was proj- showing the correct location of the ected with weekly sessions on cities. Wednesday evenings. Dinner was served at the church by the six circles The Home Church and Its Students. of the Women's Auxiliary in turn with a charge of twenty-five cents for Court Street Methodist Church, adults and twenty cents for children. Lynchburg, Virginia, remembers its From fifty to seventy-five people usu- students in its plans and programH. ally came in time for dinner. Others During the Christmas holidays all of came later. On the opening night its college students were invited as 165 attended Mission Study Classes honor guests to the Wednesday eveand on the final night, 174. The at- ning tea which is a part of the regutendance never rail below 110. lar program for officers and teach- ers. There was a special guest table The general theme for study was with a Christmas tree, and a pres- China. Beginning with the children ent for each student guest. After there was a class with a half hour the Christmas story, the songs and period for handwork and another the talk, there was no doubt in the half hour for stories and pictures. minds of the students that their home church was counting on them. A scoutmaster conducted a class Monthly communications are sent by for Boy Scouts, while the missionary thiEl church to all of its college superintendent of the Sunday school students. led a class for girls in "Torchbearers in China" and ' ,Young China."

From forty to fifty adults studied

INTERNATIONAL REI.A'fIONSHTPS IN 'fRE MAKTNG DOLL MESSENGERS 01' mothers. The little girls-and older ones too-dress in their best, and not FRIENDSHIP only enjoy their own dolls but also visit and enjoy those of their neigh- World peace does not spring full- bors. A new doll may be added on grown from the tip of brandished this day and passed on to succeeding swords. Peace parleys are not a matter for government diplomats only. generations. Seventy-three years ago an Ameri- The Committee on World Friendship Among Children is proposing a can battleship was anchored in Yeddo project for promoting understanding Bay as Commodore Perry said to and- good will between America and Japan, "Let's be friends." Japan. There will be no booming of can- The children of America are in- non on March 3, 1927, when scores of vited: thousands of American dolls will speak the same message for America '8 1. To become acquainted with children to the children of Japan. "lEna Matsuri," Japan's 'Festival of Dolls, which is celebrated on the third It is proposed that the dolls be sent day of the third month of each year, by grollPS of children in public and to learn something of Japan's love private schools, Sunday-schools, for children and home life and to be- neighborhoods, and summer camps, gin to know Japan as she really is. or by individual children, families, and friends. 2. To send thousands of dolls to join the doll families of Japan and The dolls should be new American to serve as messengers and ambassa- dolls carefully dressed in every dedors of good will and friendship. tail, with extra dresses if possible. They should cost about $2.50 or $3.00. The Festival of Dolls is a gala day Upon reaching Japan the dolls will for all Japan. On that day each fam- be distributed by the Department of ily brings out of its ancestral treasure Education to the girls in the schools. house the dolls of mothers and grand-

BEST METHODS

If possible the presentation will be pIe of Japan in good will toward made on "Hina Matsuri," March 3, America. Each class, or individual, 1927. sending a doll, is to prepare a mes- sage of good will in about 150 or 200 'I'here are about 4,500,000 girls, six words to be sent with the doll. to fourteen years of age, in the public schools of Japan. It is hoped that The doll travelers must have tick- the children of the United States will ets and passports, properly vised. send to Japan not less than 200,000 Tickets cost ninety-nine cents with a passport fee of one cent. dolls. The first week in October is desig- Among the opportunities afforded by this plan are: nated as Doll Messenger Week, with posters displayed, and publicity given The forming of a Community Doll the plan throughout America. One Messenger Committee to plan for of the most important possibilities of local cooperation in making the projthis project lies in the opportunity of ect a success. educating thousands of American children and their parents in inter- A study of Japan in schools, Sunnational thinking and in good will day-schools, and other groups. toward Japan, and likewise the peo- The presentation of plays and pag- eants featuring Japan.

EXCHANGE DOLLS MAY MEAN AS :MUCH IN WORLD FRIENDSHcrP AS EXCHANGE PROFESSORS

'j'HE MIBSIOXARY HEVmW OJ·' '1'lcH; WOHLD

The circulation of books and leaf- A farewell or bon voyage party lets giving information about Japan. at which the dolls are guests of honor. A Japanese exhibit may be a feature The publication in local papers of of this party which holds abundant interesting and informing items. with educational possibility. photographs of children of America with their doll messengers. A broadcasting meeting on March 3, to "listen in" to messages from The presentation of stereopticon across the sea in impersonations. pictures of Japan, and the making of Japanese albums using picture sheets There are possibilities without and illustrations from magazines and limit in the plan." other sources. * Full information and instructions will be A study of routes, methods of given on application to the Committee on travel, in outlining the dolls' journey World Friendship AUJ(Ing Children, 289 Fourth and destination. Ave" New York. N. Y.

A SUGGESTED STANDARD OF CHURCH EFFICIENCY Each church should have: 1. A Beneficence Committee that is alive and doing things. 2. Definite missionary education in all departments of the church and Sunday-school at least once a month. 3. An annual, personal, every-member canvass that really reaches everybody. 4. Weekly offerings for missions in church and Sunday-school through the duplex envelopes. 5. A treasurer of beneficences that remits monthly. 6. Giving at least "as much for others as for ourselves" the goal. 7. Prayer for missions–constant, definite.

A REASONABLE STANDARD OF PERSONAL EFFICIENCY ]. A life of victory over sin by the power of the indwelling Christ.

Reb. 7: 25. 1 Cor. 10: 13.

2. The habit of trying to win others to Christ by personal testimony.

Acts 1 : 8. Dan. ]2: 3. '

3. Daily renewal of life through Bible study and prayer. Joshua 1: 8. 2 Tim. 3: 14-17.

4. Making the world-wide proclamation of salvation through Christ an object. of serious and permanent study. 2 Tim. 2: 15. John 4: 35.

5. Giving to God with system, proportion and sacrifice, with one- tenth of income as the lowest proportion. Lev. 27: 30. Mal. 3: 8-10.

Luke 14: 33.

6. To plan definitely to enlist other men in the missionary enterprise -endeavoring where possible to band them together in groups in the I support of a missionary. Matt. 28: 18-20.

7. Habitual prayer for more laborers for the ripe harvest fields, and a serious personal" effort to find them. Luke "10: 2.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY AMY G. LEWIS, 150 FWfH AVENUE, NEW YORK WOMEN ORGANIZED FOR PEAVE more cultured. The world was drawn An address by Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt more closely together, men travelled at the annual meeting of the Federation of in every direction: the missionaries Woman'. Boards of Foreign Missions of went wherever there were people to :'>orth America at Atlantic City, January 10- hear and heed them; the business 11, 1926. man wherever there was a profit to be In looking over the questions which had, until the world seemed grown are to be asked and answered at this together and there were those who conference there is one question I dared to say that now, another great would like to answer. "Do the Chris. war would never come. .And then tian women of your community really in the midst of this confidence there desire the world organized for came the greatest war the world had peace 1" I answer "No," and the ever known and the most destructive.

reason is simple. I had a letter the When Julius Cresar dominated the other day from a man in the West known civilized world, history tells who said, "Out here nobody is in- us that he had only 300,000 men, and terested in the question of war and he commanded all the territory from peace. It is a question which every- the Thames to the Euphrates; and body dodges." Why should they not when Napoleon looked out upon his dodge it 1 There is no war in sight. neighboring nations with the desire Perhaps another may never come. of world power and gained it, he com- What is it to them? They don't manded almost all the known civil- think, they don't know how to want a ized world and he had about 400,000 world organized for peace. men. But when the great war came, Can the women of the churches do men were mobilized by the millions anything about it? Yes, they can and millions, and ten millions of convert everybody in their church to young men actually gave up their want a warless world, to understand lives on battlefields in that one war.

how to get it. We may have peace if Thirty-two nations were engaged in we will. it and when it was over in almost Now, why is this question before every land great men who were schol- us 1 Why is it at this moment so im· ars, who knew history, who knew perative? It is assuredly the great· science, who knew civilizations, these est question in the world. The sci- men said as they recited to them- entists for many, many years have selves the losses that had come as a been exploring old lands and I think result of that war, "We have nearly we must concede that they at least destroyed civilization." .And another have found that mankind has been war like this would utterly ruin it.

occupying this world for a great many What does it mean to us particu- thousands of years; nobody knows larly 1 It means this, that the races how long. They have discovered that and the nations that brought that wars were always common among all greatest of all wars, were Christian these primitive people, and they have nations. It was a conflict of Chris- found that races have been wiped out tian nations upon one side against of existence; nations have disap· Christian nations on the other. .And peared. to aid one side to destroy the civili- This was the history of the world zation of the other side men of less and time went on and man became developed races were brought to Eu- more civilized, more enlightened, rope to do their part. There were men 631

of all the religions and pretty nearly preaching in the remotest corners of all the races that came to serve the the globe, and I find that in the dif- Christians upon the two sides to de- ficulties now besetting China many a stroy each other, and when the war missionary has spoken strongly and was over this had its effect upon in most statesmanlike language the those races and nations that had facts concerning that diffi~ulty. It come to assist, and they are saying was the missionaries who have stirred things they did not think before. these people to want education, to Not long ago, in conversation with desire schools but having had schools a very eminent and distinguished In- and some education they have learned dian-he was a graduate of Cam- to read our history. They know it rather better than some of us, they bridge University-I asked him the know the story of the American revoquestion, "What. attitude do the lution and they ask, "Why is it pa- Christians take now in India toward triotism for the Americans to have rethe great war 1" He said, "They say that every great prophet has brought volted and a menace to the world truth into the world and that Christ when other nations would revolt?" brought the highest truth of any, and They throw up the words of the therefore Christianity is the greatest Magna Charta to the British and they of the religions." I pressed another throw up the words of the Declaraquestion, "What answer does India tion of Independence to the Amerigive?" and his reply was, rather hesi- cans. This is the reason why mistatingly, "India says that she finds sionaries and the Christian Church the Christians a very blood-spilling have an especial du1ly that never came to them before. people. " I am told that when that great What, then, can we do about it? The first thing that is to be done Christian Conference was held in is to understand that war may be Stockholm last summer, great men eliminated from the world. "Peace who were there were shocked not a is an adventure in faith. " The faith little when an Oriental arose and said, "We may regret war, but let it of the Church should be absolute. not be forgotten that all the most de- There are those who say, "Wars alstructive of the equipments of war, ways have been; they are therefore the submarine, the airplane and poi- inevitable, and they always must be." son gas and the new great cannons, Those who take the opposite view say and far-shooting, long-distance guns, that war is a barbarism which beare the contributions of Christian na~ longed to the past and the question tions. They were never in the world of today is, "Are we civilized enough until the Christians brought them." to make an end of it 1" I know the These are the things that they are human mind is slow in coming to con- clusions, very slow in changing its saying over on the other side. position. But it can be done and I Yesterday in a debate as to the would say to each and everyone of status of the Western and Eastern you as you go home, to resolve that civilizations and their relation to each in your own church you are going to other, one Oriental-I think he was a do whatever you can to convert every Syrian_asked a question-and he man and woman in it to the faith that asked it of an American, who did not war may be put out of the world.

answer it well. His question was, How can we prevent war 1 By sub- "Christianity claims that it has the highest and the purest principles to stituting something for it-arbitrabe found in the world, but tell me, tion – conciliation – when men sit in the intercourse of the Western na- around a table and talk things over tions WIth the East, have those prin- and finally come to a conclusion.

ciples ever been applJied?" I am sure everybody here has seen Now the missionaries have been somebody in a temper. You may even

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

have tried it yourself. Well, when a ental; the Orientals can understand person is angry he is crazy; he Him" what did he mean ¥ He was doesn't know what he says or what thinking of all the wars, of all the he does. And you know that any- profits, of all the big business, of all thing an angry man or woman says the ambitions; these were the things is pretty silly. Well, it is so with na- he had in mind.

tions. You put into the hands or that And now there is rising just a pos- angry man a gun and somebody is Ribility-one wonders what it may pretty sure to get killed. You feed a. mean-in the Gandhi movement in nation on lies and hatred and suspi- India, in that strange bloodless move- cion; give it plenty of navies, air- ment in China, in a similar mood that planes and armies and guns and all has eome at times in Syria, even in that and pretty sure it will be that it .the Philippines-can it be possible will rush into a war. that out of that same Orient where But disarmament that is coming is all the religions were born there will not quite enough. There is the League come an interpretation and an under- of Nations. '1'here is a court ready standing of Christianity which the to hear disputes and to render judg- West has never yet applied Y This is ment in certain matters. There is a question for us to consider. It seems the Hague tribunal. We have all the to me that the time has come when machinery, but it is your business every church should rise to a higher and mine to' demilitarize the minds of interpretation of its own faith, to a the world; to demilitarize them so rededication of its own principles, that they do not want to fight. When with a determination to stand for there is a difficulty they will find principle no matter what it costs, to some other way out of it. stand for the application of princi- I myself believe that a terrible ple in the dealing of our own nation challenge has been given to the Chris- with every other land.

tian Church. Christianity stands for And how shall we do it? Let us humility and modesty and gracious- not forget that today the women of ness and kindness and generosity, the world, of the Christian world and all those things, and yet while especially, are enfranchised. No the missionaries have been teaching longer are they without responsibil- these principles and have been living ity. In twenty-nine countries women up to them, the nations they repre- are voting and today they are the sent which are called Christian have rulers of things, whether they know not been dealing with the nations of it or not. And among the church other lands in this spirit and they women I am told many times there is don't now. great indifference. That vote can Let us not forget that with the same make this a warless world. How can treaty which gave the Chinese the we do it? By standing fast, one by right to become Christians, opium one, to these ideals in crises that wav went as a legal business, and China arise demanding of us national acthereafter disapproved of it and pro- tion.

tests even yet. So it is this problem, whether from the Orient there may The following prayer for America come from pagans dealing with is being offered each week in the Christian principles an answer to Madras Union Christian College, In- Christians dealing with pagan prin- dia, showing how eagerly ChrIstians ciples. When a Japanese who i!': a in the Far East are watching the Christian said, "If the Orient is ever Temperance Movement here. to be Christianized, it will be through the interpretation of Orientals and , , We beseech Thee to grant Thy strength to this nation in. its conflict with the evils not of the West; the West has never of strong drink, that the resolve which has understood Christ; He was an Ori- been nobly mad~ w.a:y ~ ClIQNy kept." EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, ]56 FIF'l'H AVENUE, NEW YORK LIVE ISSUES IN INDIAN AFFAIRS prepared to welcome the taking over By THOMAS C. MoFI!'m'T of the educational and health service 'for the Red Men by the states. Many From the report of the Comm.1ttee on Indian friends of the Indians will regard this Missions of the Home Missious Council and as inadvisable in view of the graft Council of Women for Home Missions, Dr. Moffett. Chairman.

Every year settles previously con- and the local indifference or injustice tested interests and brings into promi- which the white man has evidenced in nence new concerns of the Indians of the past and during the "Century of our country. The Bursum bill, in- Dishonor. "

volving the lands and titles of the In October, the Supreme Court of Pueblo dwellers and white settlers in the United States rendered a decision New Mexico, was to the front a short sustaining authority of the New York time ago. Now 'a government com- State courts to pass upon the prop- mission is working out an equitable erty rights of Indian citizens. For adjustment of conflicting claims and a long time the political status of In- in the course of five years probably dians of this state had been unde- final adjudication of these interests fined and a subject of much contro- will be attained. The agitation pre- versy, the claim being made that they vented a serious neglect and injury to were" free and independent nations the rights of the Pueblos, which the enjoying treaty obligations with the Bursum bill would have involved. Federal Government."

Citizenship for the Red Man has The closing of the Chemawa School long been a debated question, and the near Salem, Oregon, to any further signing in July, 1924, by President registration of Indian' children from Coolidge of the Act of Congress con- Alaska should be made a live issue ferring this status on all Indians born by a plea for the continuation of these within the United States, closed this bright and promising Alaskans in this contention. The bill provides protec- very excellent institution. Nearly tion for the property interests and one half of the enrollment is from wardship of members of primitive Alaska. The Tutuilla day school on tribes and individuals, while it re- the Uma reservation, near Pendleton, moves the great injustice of withhold- Oregon, has been closed because of a ing this right and privilege from these departmental ruling that there must native Americans. The use that the be an attendance of at least eight Red Men will make of this boon, and children. Due to a temporary con- their preparation for suffrage in- dition, the number was reduced thiR volve the problems of additional edu- year and the Washington authorities cation and their competency in ad- ordered it closed. The boarding ministering their own affairs. school for the same tribe, registering The relations of the Indians to the from ninety to one hundred pupils, states in which they live has attained was closed last year on the ground of new prominence within the last few economy, months. The SeClretary of the Inte- The constant complaints by In- rior, in his report submitted to Con- dians and by organizations, such as gress, has surprisingly advocated the Indian Defense Society, of bu- much larger responsibility of the reaucracy in the Federal Indian Serv- states instead of Federal control of ice have reached their height this Indian affairs; and appears to be year. A long list of neglects and 634 abuses charged against the Commis- vestigation aud experimentation resioner and Indian field service makes vealed. a formidable indictment. Many of those charges appear to be unwar- The progress in reaching the Inranted or extreme, and among the dians with the Gospel is of supreme 5,000 employees of this branch of the concern, and is the cause of both Government, there are many devoted, gratification and of serious reflection. unselfish and capable men and women At times the work seems to move very who deserve appreciation and highest slowly, even though whole tribes have praise rather than the censure and been led from primitive pagan condicondemnation whieh have been indis- tions into Christian faith within one criminately vented upon them. or two generations. The prayer, "Lord, increase our faith," is ever The physical ailment, which afflicts needed, for there are difficult features the Indians of all tribes, and which is of this task, which make zeal and exreceiving anew the systematic care of pectation lag behind opportunity and the Federal Bureau and its medical need. The total number of missionstaff, is trachoma, the dread eye dis- aries seems sufficient and the approease, involving granular lids, im- priations generous for Protestant paired sight and resultant blindness. service to Indians in the United The government and mission schools, States, and yet there are thousands of hospitals and field workers are en- the Indians without a knowledge of listed in a vigorous campaign to pre- the revealed truth. Recent advancevent and to cure this evil. Our ports ment made by the evangelical of entry have long been closed to im- churches shows no great awakenings migrants afflicted with trachoma, but or large accessions to membership. upon the native Americans there have In the large government boarding been comparatively no restrictions, schools the last few years have eviand the infection has been wide- denced decided improvement in spread. Dr. F. 1. Proctor, of Massa- Protestant service. District convenchusetts, has been rendering a most tions and campmeetings of the Invaluable and expert service without dians and their friends have been incharge to the Government or mission creasing with marked interest and an boards, in scientific and specialized interdenominational regional conferinvestigation and treatment of tra- ence in Oklahoma with cooperation choma in the Indian country. from our Councils is a forward move of this year. The drug evil, peyote and its attendant "mescal worship," afflicts The Committee has collated facts many tribes; and this cult, since hav- and figures regarding religious ining been incorporated as a church or struction in government boarding religious sect, continues its propa- schools. We record our gratification ganda of exploiting Indians who are that of the 49 government Indian ignorant of the injurious effects and schools reporting, 33 stated that the degradations attendant upon this religious leaders were receiving coophabit. Four states have forbidden the eration, encouragement, appreciation importation or .sale of peyote, a spe- and good will in their work, from the cies of cactus growing in Texas and 'Superintendent and principal. In Mexico seientifically designated anhy- several of these cases not only are the Ionium, and most of the churches, superintendent and principal cooper- Protestant and Roman Catholic, have ating, but they are enthusiastic in strongly condemned its use. Dr. the help which they give. Of the 16 Harvey W. Wiley, the eminent medi- other schools 11 fail to answer the cal and pure food expert, has renewed question and your Committee is takhis testimony as to its extremely dele- ing steps to secure an answer. Only terious effects which his scientific in- one school reported the superintend-

ent and principal as actively not co- A Prayer for Christian Unity operating. In the other cases, cooperation was partial or questionable or, o Master of the Galilean way, at least, not up to what it might be. In the light of these returns, your Forgive us for the vows we fail to keep, Committee feels very strongly that Forgive us that we so neglect Thy sheep, the government officers with whom So idly waste this shining harvest day! the religious workers come in contact, Forgive us for the stumbling blocks we lay should be heartily commended for the Along the paths by which wen seek Thee! fine spirit of cooperation which they have shown toward the religious pa:o- Sweep gramS in their respective institutions. From our small minds the strife that WORLD FRIENDSHIP mEALS FOR holds Thee cheap, BOYS AND GIRLS BI'cak Thou the BI'ead of Life to us, We Approved by the Admlnlstratlve Committee of pray! the }l'ederal Council. 1926. What matter that we cannot understand I. We believe that nations should obey The mystery of Love that is divine, God '8 laws of right. Nor pierce the veil1 Dear Lord, our faith increase, II. We believe that nations become truly To know that since our hands may reach Thy Hand Our lives are made alt-powerful through thine '1'0 heal a wounded world and bring it peace!

-Molly Anderson Haley.

great and honorable only by be· ing just and unselfish.

III. We 'believe that Christian nations INTERNATIONAL IDEALS OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST IN have special duties to other na' AMERICA tions. .

IV. We believe that Christian friendship can overcome bad feeling between Adopted by the Executive Committee of the Federal Council. December. 1921; the Quad- peoples and races. rennial Meeting of the Federal Council. DecPID- ber. 1924; and many of the denominations at V. We believe that Christians who love theIr annual assemblies In 1922. 1923. 1924.

their own country will work for goodwill between nations. I. We believe that nations no less than individuals are subject to God's VI. We believe that men and women, immutable moral laws.

boys and girls of all races and colors should be fair and just to one another. II. We believe that nations achieve true welfare, greatness and honor only VII. We believe that all nations should through just dealing and unselfish service. work together for world peace.

VIII. We believe that all nations should settle their disputes and quarrels III. We believe that nations that regard themselves as Christian have spe- in a W'orld Oourt of Justice or in cial international obligations.

other peaceful ways.

IX. We believe that aU nations should IV. We believe that the spirit of Chris- cut down their armies and navies tian brotherliness can remove every unjust barrier of trade, and should stop making war. color, creed and race.

X. We believe everyone should work to stop war and we promise to V. We believe that Ohristian patriot- do our part. ism demands the practice of goodwill between nations. Three blossoms in a happy garden grow. Have care, for this one, 10, VI. We belim;e that international poli- Is white as any snow: cies should secure equal justice Its name is Peace. for all, races.

Three flowers-and one, in hue, VII. We believe that all nations shoulr! A delio,ate goldj associate themselves permanently A harsh breath, then its golden for world peace and goodwill. L€aves shall droop and fold; VTII. We believe in international law, and Its name is Joy. in the universal use of interna- tional courts of justice and Three flowers-and one is crimson, boards of arbitration. Rioh and strong; "'his will, if well entreated, all lX. We believe in a sweeping reduction Others outlive long; of armaments by all nations.

Its name is Love. X. We believe in a warless world. and -Richard Watson Gilder. dedicate ourselves to its achieve- ment.

FROM.l1ANY

EUROPE measure of the National Church Assembly sanctioning practices and doctrines declared British Y. W. C. A. Conference by that settlement to be repugnant to the word of God would be a reversal of the reo T WO interesting ceremonies in con- ligious constitution of this realm, which con- nection with the biennial confer- stitution this meeting emphatically calls ence of the Y. W. C. A. of Great upon His Majesty's Parliament to maintain Britain, which was held in London intact. the end of June, were the special Sunday afternoon service in Westminster English Tax on GaDlbling Abbey and the reception of the delegates by the Lord Mayor and Lady THE prevalence of the gambling Mayoress in the Mansion House. Im- evil in Scotland was referred to in mediately following this conference the April REVlEW.. Christian leaders the World's· Committee of the Y. W. in England are now greatly concerned C. A. met in Oxford July 1st to 8th. over proposed legislation to place a Among the delegates from the tax on betting. The London Christian United States were the following: says: "The protracted campaign for Mrs. James S. Cushman, Mrs. John legalized gambling is apparently now II. Finley, Mrs. Robert L. Dickinson, within measurable distance of success. Mrs. Lewis H. Lapham, Mrs. Harold The argument is based, plausibly Hatch, Miss Katherine Lambert, Miss enough, upon the needs of the na- Mabel Cratty, Miss Sarah Lyon, Miss tional exchequer; but there can be Clara Reed, of Springfield Mass., little doubt that, at bottom, it is not Mrs. E. C. Carter, of Briarcliff, N. Y., the political economists, but the bet- Mrs. E. M. Townsend, of Oyster Bay, ting confraternity, who have been N. Y., and Mrs. Charles L. Jones, of most ·active in the campaign. Hold- Milwaukee, Wis. ing, as we do, that gambling is one of the most ruinous of modern vices, we English Prayer-Book Revision welcome the manifesto of protest is- sued by the Bishop of Lichfield, and ANNOUNCEMENT was made in signed by more than fifty Anglican the June REVIEW of the meeting a"nd Free Church leaders, both minto be held June 1st under the auspices isters and laymen." of the Evangelical Alliance in Albert Hall by Free Churchmen and Church The London Guardian renews its of England Evangelicals, to protest "appeal to the leaders of Christian against suggested changes in the thought in towns and villages through- Prayer Book as tending toward Ro- out the country to keep in the fore- ·manism in the English Church. It is ground of their teaching on the subreported that 8,000 people were pres- ject the moral effect that would be ent, and that after speeches by vari- produced by raising revenue for the ous leaders the meeting unanimously State from the taxation of gambling." adopted this resolution: Prague Students Buy Testa:ments Solemnly and on behalf of true religion IF ANY of those who have attempted throughout the whole country, this meeting religious work in Prague recently calls upon the archbishops now considering had been asked about the probable proposals for the Prayer Book revision to f saIe f N ew Testament s maintain the Protestant Reformed religion, success a 0 0 as by law established in this realm. Any among the students, "their answer,"

637

says the News Sheet of the World's in which Catholic, Protestant and Student C h r i s t ian Federation, Greek Orthodox Christians meet reg- "would have been at the best a smile ularly to do some "hard thinking" of kindly but certain disbelief." But together on Christian problems. one day on the terrace of the Studentsky Domov a table appeared dis- The Bible in French Schools playing Testaments in Czech and German for sale. No attendant was FRANCIS HACKETT, in an article evident, only a plate in which was to in the June Atlantic Monthly, be deposited the price of books taken, makes an interesting comment on and this placard: "How to Read the the differences between British and Bible" : F'rench civilization resulting from the part which the Bible has Do not try to find instruction in science. played in each. Press reports in- Do not stop at insignificant passages. dicate that France may be beginning Approach it without prejudice. to realize what she has lost by exclud- The Bible gives news about people who ing all Biblical instruction from pubdis!lOvered a new life; it is also an urge lic education. A recent government to discontent with oneself and with our regulation for schools of higher grade social order. states in substance: The result surprised even the Pupils must not be allowed to ignore the author of the plan. In the course of principal traditions of the great men of the three hours thirty-four Testaments people of Israel, nor the Books of the Bible were sold and the price for them de- -first, because these are part of the intelposited by the purchaser. Now a lec- lectual and moral patrimony of hnmanity, ture on "How to Read the Bible" is and second, because if ignorant of them we being advertised, and a second sale is cannot understand Protestantism nor Puriplanned to follow the lecture. tanism, nor art as it belongs to the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Russian Students in Paris "This, " comments the Christian Ad- T HROUGH the World's Student vocate, "is not going very far in the Christian Federation comes news direction of positive religious instrucof several groups of Russian students tion, but it is a hopeful sign. It is in Paris, among them a Bible-study especially noteworthy that Francecircle studying the Gospel of St. Mark, which some would call 'atheistic'- another, consisting of Belgrade peo- feels the need of the Bible in the pubple, former Prague students and some lic schools, at the very time when newcomers, studying the writings of American atheists, who include Volthe Holy Fathers, and the circle of the taire and other Frenchmen among Four Evangelists – quite a new de- their intellectual guides, are protestparture. This consists mostly of vol- ing against every proposal to make a unteer workers of the Student Move- place for religious education in school ment, now students of the Ecclesias- hours." tical Academy. Its purpose is to interest the Academy students in the Protestantism in Hungary work of the Movement and at the same time to be a training center for Move- MR. W. P. LIVINGSTONE, of the. ment workers. The group members United Free Church of Scotland, must pledge themselves to study the who recently returned from a visit to Orthodox liturgy and to master one central Europe, reports a remarkable of the three main foreign languages Protestant revival now under way in (English, French or German). In Hungary. According to Mr. Living- November a meeting took place with stone, there are now 1,500,000 memrepresentatives of the French Student bers of Protestant churches in what is Movement and of the Foyer Interna- still Hungary and 1,000,000 more in tional for women students, which re- the new states formed since the war sulted in the organization of a circle, out of parts of the old kingdom. At

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Prague the Hussite Chureh has Mahmal escort and pilgrims usually doubled its membership in the last hold in the Hedjaz during the pilseven years, and Mr. Livingstone grimage. Tb.e band which accompanies spoke to one Protestant congregation the Mahmal will not be allowed to acof two thousand in a suburb where, company it to Mecca, and must stop at ten years ago, the membership was J eddah. The" Holy Carpet" will only fifty. Practically all of the members of the Protestant churches are have to be sent from J eddah to the Czechs. Kaaba in packages and without cere- German Women Teach Missions mony ; the Kiswa ceremony usually held on the occasion will be absolutely T HE women of Germany are mak- prohibited. The Wahabi Government lng their influence felt in all phases objects also to the Egyptian military of life. The improved conditions in escort entering the Hedjaz with arms, politics, in communal welfare, in all and it is proposed to deprive the force matters of public interest, are to a of its arms on its arrival at J eddah. very large extent due to the activity These objections are due to the Waof the women. One of the most inter- habi teachings which preclude the esting of the developments of recent holding of showy ceremonies in the months is the activity of the women sacred cities. teachers in, the public schools along missionary lines. The evangelical When Egypt Prayed for Britain teachers of religion are united in an organization which publishes its own THE last annual report of the periodical, a paper of high merit in Egypt General Mission speaks the articles it contains. The presi- in this striking fashion of our debt dent of the association is Oberi-n Mag- to take the Gospel back to Egypt; dalene von Tiling, who is prominent "Has it ever dawned upon us that in all forms of women '8 work and is when Britain was pagan, Egypt was a member of the Prussian Parliament. thinking of us, praying for us, plead- The January number of the periodi- ing with God for our salvation 1 At cal referred to contains four articles that time Alexandria was the 'Home on missionary questions. One teacher Prayer Base,' and Canterbury a miswrites; "Missions belong to the sion station in a dark heathen land. schools, for their own sake and for the This is what Gregory wrote to Eubosake of the children." gius, Bishop of Alexandria; AFRICA The English race, situated in the far cor- ner of the world has hitherto relllJlined in Egyptian Pilgritnage Checked unbelief, worshipping stocks and stones, but aided by your prayers, I made up my mind D[FFICULTIES between the Gov- (it was God who prompted me) to send a ernment of Egypt and King Hus- monk of my own monastery to them to sein, then ruler of the Hedjaz, made preach. _.. ,At Christmas last more than ten it impossible for Egyptian Moslems to thousand English people, we are informed, make the pilgrimage to Mecca in 1923 were baptized by our brother and fellowand 1924, and in 1925 the internal bishop. I tell you this that you may know strife in the Hedjaz had the same what your prayers are doing at the world's effect. This year some 12,000 Egyp- end." tians were planning to make the pilgrimage when the Ministry of the Grace VB. "Grandfather" Interior received a report from its representative in the Hedjaz, to the REPRESENTATIVES of the effect that the Wahabi Government, Church Missionary Society point under Ibn Saoud, objects to the tradi- out that paganism in many parts of tional ceremonies which the Egyptian Africa is doomed, but that the African is faced by the perils of materialism. His greatest need is an education dominated by Christian ideals and permeated with the spirit of Chris-

tianity. The Church Missionary Out- 1887, Mr. S. A. Bill being the pioneer. look for April states that at least He is still alive and has not returned thirty men and twenty women recruits for furlough since 1918. They have are needed immediately for the rap- been gathering a very gracious haridly developing C. M. S. missions in vest of souls, 2,785 being baptized last Africa. All these could be supported year. The outstanding feature of the by government grants or local funds work is the developing of the grace without any additional charge on the of giving. Years ago the secretary at Society's budget, beyond that for home became convinced that the methtraining. The urgency of the call od of supporting native workers from from Africa can hardly be overstated. the funds of the society was wrong For some years the Bishop and other and he pleaded with the missionaries experienced missionaries have warned that they insist on the support of their the Church at home that all was not pastors, evangelists and school teachwell in Uganda, and that the story ers coming from native gifts. Their which has been one of the glories of reply was that their converts were too missionary history might easily be- poor. But the secretary at home was come a tragedy. As some of the insistent that the subsidizing princi- Baganda have put it: "Grace has ple was wrong, and at last the miscome into the heart, but grandfather sionaries agreed to give it a trial. is still in the bones," and the result is The result has been remarkable, and often a condition such as grieved St. a surprise at first to the missionaries Paul in Corinth. themselves. Last year the native Christians in West Africa contributed An Arab Colporteur a.t Work about $65,000, while the total income of the Mission at home was a little REV. W. H. RAINEY, secretary of under .$53,000. the British and Foreign Bible Society fo1' North Africa, writes: "We Modern Inventions in Elat have longed for the day when Arab colporteurs would carry the Arabic T HE Halsey Memorial Press at Bible to Arabs. We have searched for Elat, West Africa, continues to be the right type of man but without a marvel to the natives: "The printsuccess. Then we fixed our hopes on ing office is continually visited by the Kabyle and Arab boys being edu- curious natives wondering what this cated in the French Evangelical Mis- is all for. Travelers have come from sion and the Methodist Episcopal great distances to see the marvels of schools. At last our patience is re- this strange workshop. The presswarded. The great experiment is be- feeder is an amazement, but the monoing made. A native Arab colporteur type is a still greater wonder. The is now visiting the Arab cafes in conversation of a group which one day Algiers, and offering the Scriptures to stood gazing at this typesetting was his countrymen. He has already been overheard by a missionary; one of instrumental in selling a considerable them remarked that he would like to number of copies. Then we hope that see the inside of the head of the man during the summer vacation, two that invented such a thing. His young Kabyle students will undergo neighbor maintained that it could not an apprenticeship in colportage work have been a man but a spirit which that will fit them for service later could do such wonders. But a third said, 'When people know God for on." years He gives them wisdom passing understanding.' It is believed, how- Surprising Gifts from Converts ever, that many of the women who visit the shop marvel more at seeing T HE Qua Iboe Mission, which has water brought forth from the wall by its headouarters in Belfast and its work in West Africa, undertook a mission in the swampy district extending south of the Niger delta in

1986J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

turning a knob. These women have teach in the Engli~h language in all their lives carried water from Syria. Property is free from taxes rivers and springs, and it is unbe- and school supplies free from cuslievable to them that such a necessity toms duties. No military service is could be obtained at so little labor. demanded from the students. A su- A 45-foot well just outside the build- perior councilor education has been ing, with a power pump attached, is formed to reorganize the secondary the secret of these astonishing water and higher instruction. The Presi- works." dent and two elected members of the faculty of the American University THE NEAR EAST oj' Beirut have been asked to sit on· The New Wo:man in Syria this council. No requirements have T HE "awakening of girls and been made with regard to the en- women in Beirut to public con- forced teaching of French. No obsciousness within the last few years" stacles have been raised with regard is described by Miss Frances Garside, to meetings, services, textbooks, conof the Y. W. C. A., who says: "More 1+ent of courses, or selection of and more girls are entering the Uni- teachers. Permission has been grantversity of Beirut, going in for phar- ed for all students to enter Syria for macy, medicine, bacteriology and study, regardless of the country from dentistry, with the full intention of which they may come."

entering these professions later. Yet, only eight years ago, the first young Palestinian Jews Hear Gospel A woman in Syria entered a business T the recent eighty-third annual meeting of the British S.ociety office, that of the American Mission. A year later the second Syrian girl for the Propagation of the Gospel ventured into business life, though it among the .Jews, Rev. Frank J. Exley was not for two years later that the described a service in the mission hall third was interested. Today, there is in Haifa, a center where the Jewish not a business office or importance population is increasing very rapidly.

which does not have its stenographers He said: "Jews are not being in- and clerks from among the young duced to enter our mission hall in women of Syria and. in several, young Haifa with any idea that the Gospel women are practically in charge and is to be toned down to suit their making good. These girls are, in the prejudice. The text on the wall is a main, living at home. The Moslem clear proclamation of our message.

girl is slower in coming out into the The service as a whole is in Hebrew.

new order of things." The addresses are earnest appeals to receive Jesus Christ as Saviour and The French Mandate in Beirut Master and Lord. The place is full PRESIDENT BAYARD DODGE of Jews-keen, alert, intellectual, lis- of the American University of tening with the utmost intenseness to Beirut in a recent statement on the the message, and ready enough to talk relationship of the University to the about it afterwards to those who have ]'rench Mandate says that members been speaking to them."

of the French High Commission in Syria and the Grand Lebanon have Medicine and the Bible in O:man shown extraordinary courtesy to the REV. G. D. VAN PEURSEM, of University and that no intimation of the Arabian Mission of the Reinterference with the work has been formed Church in America, writes of suggested. He continues: "The treaty an inland trip: "During our three- between Washington and Paris rati- weeks' stay in Sib it has been amply fied July 13, 1924, definitely gives demonstrated that the need for med- permission to American schools to ical attention is inexpressibly great.

5

The attendance at the morning clinics INDIA, SIAM AND MALAYSIA numbered about one hundred and A Tribute to Character fifty. Dr. Dame operated every afternoon and some days were given over WHEN Dr. S. K. Datta, of India, to surgery altogether. One half day on a recent visit to Australia, he performed nine major and nine was asked by a prominent citizen if, minor operations. 'fhe first week he after all the years of the work of the did an average of.seven operations a Christian missionaries, many highday. Many men sat in the courtyard caste and cultured Indians had acfor four days waiting their turn for cepted Christianity, he replied, "Very ·a much-needed operation. Some had few," but he admitted that, for the to return without relief because the past two or three generations, the doctor had no time. " While med- fathers had been saying to their sons: ical work naturally received the "Look at· these English officials and greater attention in Sib, we were able consider their lives-straightforward, to distribute many portions of the truthful, earnest, laboring to elevate New Testament. The people of Oman our nation and to organize and uplift are very polite, too polite to object to it to the high standard of their own.

one's reading the Bible in their pres- Then look at the missionaries, leading ence. I tried to sing the same hymn lives of great self-sacrifice without every day in the extemporized wards, so that the boys came and sang with any idea of personal advantage. Inme and quite a few of them learned deed, quite the reverse-and what the words and tune." for f '1'0 teach our people lofty ideals of life. They have something which Books as Tools in Baghdad we have not-some motive which our beliefs have failed to suggest. We REV. .JAMES CANTINE, D.D., paying tribute to the work of the want you to cultivate and live up to Ame'rican Christian Literature So- those ideals."

ciety for Moslems, describes what he calls" the evangelistic workshop" in Indian Preachers as Exorcists A Baghdad: "One end of the large RECENT evangelistic campaign conducted by the Methodist Episroom is filled in with book-shelves loaded with hundreds-thousands, if copal Mission in the Madras District you count tracts-of the publicatIons led to many baptisms. J. J. King- of the Nile Mission Press, printed ham writes in the Indian Witness: with aid from your society. On the "The converts are of twenty different walls are illumined gospel texts, ap- castes, a very reassuring fact when pealing and suggestive, from the same one reads some of the assertions of the source, while down the middle of the ignorant that Christianity reaches room are tables, holding the books and only the untouchables. Our congre- papers under discussion. On the g~tion in Vepery alone would utterly 'couches along the sides sit from six dIsprove such statements ….. On a to a dozen men, some reading, but village circuit near the city, the usually listening to someone reading Ptreacher has been called to many a book which is being commented up- homes as an exorcist, to drive out the on. An inquirer, who has been given demons who have taken possession of a book dealing with sO.me specific Hindu women. The aboriginal re- Christian truth, brings it back and ligion is demon-worship and Hindu- something is said that interests all ism proper is grafted into the ancient present and a general discussion fol- cults. The pastor goes to the house lows ….. Now and again one of the and talks with the people, who gen- Armenian or Syrian Christians wan- erally profess their faith that Jesus is ders in and receives an object lesson able to drive out the demon and state as to how the truth can be made at- that that is the reason why they have tractive to a Mohammedan." called on the minister for aid. He

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

then prays for the patient, and in a examination on the Bible stories short time there is complete relief, she taught them since our last visit, and on general truth; also finding out returns to her right mind and goes 'how they are' in every way-eheckabout her household duties. This has ing up oIl births, deaths, marriages, resulted in a number of conversions removals, baptisms, offerings, and and haptisms." many other things. While this is be- Hostility from Arya Samaj ing done in the Christian quarters, some of us are bringing the message CHRISTIAN workers at a rnela in of salvation to just as many souls as North India describe their ex- possible, over in the heathen village, per~ences with a representative of by day and night and sunrise services; this modern sect: "While he by the word of our testimony, by gospreached, yelled, drew and held the pels and tracts, picture cards and crowd we smiled and sold gospels. posters, and psalm books, sold or given But the more we sold the more angry he became. His abuse soon became away. "

more than other Hindus and a near- Buddhist's Son, a C. E. Leader T by Mohammedan shopkeeper could HE newly organized Christian Endeavor Society in Chiengmai, tolerate and only by our interference was he able to get away unmolested. Siam, is sponsored by a graduate of But he only. went to get a band and Bangkok Christian College. This several Arya preachers, who began young man's father, a staunch Budtheir preaching about fifty feet from dhist and the governor of a populous where we were. We could not have district, has from the first opposed asked for better help; because after the action of his eldest son in leaving having heard their messages, the peo- the religion which is announced by ple became more and more eager to His Majesty, the King, to be that of hear what our message was in return the Siamese. All the other members and to take Christian literature ….. of the family put every difficulty in It was not an unusual rnela day, but the way of his adherence to the Chriswhen evening had come the writer tian faith. While living with them had preached sixteen times and sold and in every other particular a loved nearly one hundred gospels, while the member of their circle, he gently but Indian preachers all had had their very firmly adheres to "the Jesus turns and several hundred gospels Way, " witnessing for his Master by had been sold and thousands of free a most consistent walk and conver- sation. He is zealous in seeking to tracts distributed." win young men to Christ, and is the Village Work in the Punjab most enthusiastic temperance leader THERE is no monotony about mis- in Chiengmai. sionary life in India, according to Mrs. M. M. McKelvey, of the United A Pathan Preacher F Presbyterian Mission in the Punjab. ROM the United Presbyterian Mis- sion in Lyallpur, North India, She writes of some of the methods used: "We always try to have a ,comes a report of some successful 'team,' as we go to each village; that special meetings. "The last night the is some of us go to the Christians, and preaching was by a converted Pathan, some to those without-who for the said to be a relative of the Amir of most part are to be found in the more Kabul. He was well taught in the pretentious part of the village. In Koran and other Mohammedan books.

common with the usual method in the He left for Bombay, that he might so-called Christian districts, we fol- lead in debates with Christians. But low a Bible course in the two hun- the more he studied his own books the dred villages where there are Chris- more he began to doubt that there was tians. Each visit to them means an in them a way of salvation. For some

time he prayed that he might be as- ers from Africa and India. " The sured of salvation, but not leave his doors to the student world are not own religion. Finally he was brought closed," agreed these student secreto know Jesus as the Saviour through taries, after sharing experiences of fellowship with a Hindu convert. He the past few months in an agitated is a fine-appearing man and a vig- and tense student world, "but the orous preacher. His message was personal qualifications of student seegiven the best of attention by a large retaries matter a hundredfold more audience. They had decorated the than before. Anyone of fine enough tent and the road leading to the court- personality and with a genius for yard. They also gave him a dinner. friend~hip can cross the barriers that The pastor feels that at last this com- stand even against organized Christimunity has been reached, and that there has been a real awakening." anity. "

Lingnan University Sia.Jllese Village Christians T T A VILLAGE to the south of HE NBW Chinese name of Can- ton Christian College was an- A Prae, Siam, the little group of nounced in the June REVIEW as Ling- Christians were asked to join in com- han University. The Associated Press munity spirit worship, which consists item so gave it, but the correct form of killing pigs and fowls and offering is Lingnan. Chung Wing Kong, the them to tbe spirits to ensure a good Associate President, stated before re- crop. After the offering is made to . turning to China after a visit to the spirits this meat is eaten with rice America, that Chinese had taken over and much liquor. When the Chris- the entire maintenance of the Agri- tian people refused, pressure was cultural Department of the Univer- brought on them through the local of- sity. The trustees have now voted to ficials who threatened to cut off the appeal to the public for a $2,500,000 water supply from their fields. This fund for maintaining and developing would mean starvation, but still tbey the college during the next five years.

refused and appealed for help to the The Chinese want the college and are missionary, who brought the matter doing all in their power to support it.

to the notice of the Governor of the A representative body of alumni and province. This evidently was effec- former students recently sent a letter tive. But while these threats were in to the board of trustees declaring their the air ten persons were received into loyalty to the institution and decry- the Church in this place and others ing present Bolshevik activities in are preparing for baptism. China. Three fourths of the expenses for the current year have come from CHINA Chinese courses. Lingnan Unlversity Leaders for Chinese Students is the only modern university in a dis- trict having a population half as large ACONFERENCE of student Y. M:. as that of the United States. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries, both Chinese and foreign, which met in Shanghai several months ago, voted Chinese Mission to Lepers O:'ITE of the results of the recent to invite Reverend David Cairns, of world tour of W. M. Danner, of Aberdeen, Scotland, to come to China the American ~lission to Lepers was this coming autumn for talks on Chris- the organization of a Chinese society tianity among the mission schools. The possibility orasking Bishop Temple along similar lines. Mr. Danner says and Maude Royden of England to of its officers: "Rev. T. C. Wu, the come later, for more general work, was General Secretary, is a Baptist minalso discussed, and the desire was ex- ister, in his early thirties, who has pressed that the international visitors studied at several American universiof the future should also include lead- ties, traveled widely, and held a

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Shanghai pastorate successfully. It "Marks of the Lord Jesus" is in keeping with the spirit of the times in China that a Chinese Secre- AN INFURIATED MOB in Kweiltary should be employed, and it was :1 in, Kiangsi Province, is reported satisfaction as we left Shanghai to to have tattooed recently on the face know that the new Chinese lYIission to of a Chinese Christian the characters Lepers, the crystallization of the in- meaning" Foreign Slave. " The Lonterest that had been aroused among don Christian, which tells the story, the Chinese by our meetings and in- says: "Following upon a Socialistic terviews, was already organized and demonstration, an attack was made functioning under capable Chinese on a body of mission workers and conleadership. Dr. Fong Sec, Vice-Presi- verts; and one man, a scholar, who dent, is editor of the Commercial resented the indignities visited upon Press of Shanghai, and though, like Christians in general, was afterward -our own American Directors, busy singled out for still more violent treatwith many vocations and avocations, ment. As reported in the newspapers, he has given generously of his time amid hoots and jeers he was led to the to the Mission to Lepers. Mr Yinson city square, bound, and, as if to show Lee, the President, in addition to be- that only those who follow native suing of splendid Christian character, perstitions could be true Chinese, he has great executive gifts and is pos- was marked with the words' Foreign sessed of boundless energy and en- Slave!' And was it not grandly true thusiasm, steadied by sane and far- that, in faith and hope, the man susseeing judgment." tained relations that were foreign to the thought and feeling of his perse- Power of a Christian HOIne cutors-had he not a citizenship that was heavenly?" MRS. ROBERT F. FITCH, of Opium Smoking Incre…..ing . Hangchow, China, who, with her husband who is President of Hang- ACHURCH of England missionary chow College, was sent to China in at Mienchuh, Szechuan Province, 1898 by the Presbyterian Board, is quoted in the Church MisMnary writes of the influence of Christian Gleaner as follows: "Opium is hospitality: "Fine reads are being smoked far more than it ever was in opened now all through our province. the Manchu days, and this is due to One twenty miles long passes our col- the militarists. Farmers are forced lege, and we invited the manager and to plant a certain proportion of their the director, both non-Christia·ns, to a land in opium, ,and to pay taxes on dinner at our home. Our Chine~e the crop. All the 350 opium dens in dean asked the blessing and, Oriental- this city are run by soldiers. No one like, he made it a long one, remem- dare start one without· permission bering especially our guests. The of- from them, and this permission is obficial on my left said, 'Do you people tained by paying a large sum of pray to God for us?' 'Are we not money in addition to a regular tax. brothers?' I said softlv. He searched Under the Manchu regime a man my eyes for sincerity. ;nd then slowly was ashamed to confess that he nodded. We gave a dinner to twenty- smoked opium; now there is no five of the heads of missionary and shame. Dens are situated in almost government schools in Hangchow. It every city, and the sign is a dirty proved a most social affair and now curtain where the door should be. the headmasters all meet once a month Opium, too, is much cheaper than it at each other's homes to drink a social was, and life is so uncertain and so cup of tea and discuss school affairs. full of risk from the activities of rob- Dr. Fitch is the only foreigner pres- be.rs that all sorts of people are tak- ·ent. " ing to the habit of smoking."

JAPAN-KOREA and broadcasting, opera and dance, Religious Legislation in Japan are all creating new anxieties. "Is ACCORDING to a wirele'ls dis- our sympathy for Japan," says the patch to the New York Times, editor, "to be less becanse her youth June 1st, a Japanese Methodist is facing the same temptations as bishop, Kogoro Uzaki, charges that ours? The backward races of the Christianity is being discriminated earth may have remained such beagainst in a bill prepared by the De- cause of the indifference of the West, partment of Education to be intro- but Japan has changed because of its duced in the next Diet. The bill has active interference. Statesmen and a section devoted to Buddhism and diplomats, educationists and mer- Shintoism but none to Christianity, chants, have all contributed to the which is included in the "Kyodan," meaning other religious groups, in- change. Is the Church satisfied that cluding those of a questionable she has made an adequate contribu- tion ?"

nature. Bishop Uzaki points out that the Christians number only 250,000, Japanese Young Men'. Club but that their activities are far great- REV. J. H. LLOYD, Protestant er in proportion. Moreover, there are Episcopal missionary in Wakamore Christians in Korea than Bud- yama, Japan, writes of work which dhists or Spintoists, but the bill ap- has been opened in the town of Sakai plies there also. Little hope is held by Rev. M. Sakaguchi, rector at of changing the bill, as the commis- Marusu and Nogami. It began, he sion considering it is composed of says, with a young man who was eight Buddhists, three Shintoists, two formerly a motorman on the electric Christians and the rest laymen, but a road between Wakayama and Osaka, few of whom are Christians. The bill but who lost his right arm in an accigives the Minister of Education the dent. "He heard of our services at authority to prevent any religious Nogami and began attending them, teacher from continuing work or pro- became a catechumen and was later fessing his faith if the Minister recog- baptized and confirmed. He formed nizes their teaching "tends to violate a young men '8 club at Sakai and public peace and order." through him the members invited Mr.

Sakaguchi to come to Sakai once a Westernization of Japan week and teach them Christianity, AN article in the Chltrch Mission- which he has now been doing for over ary Outlook for March says that two ye/lrs . . . They invited me to closer contact with Europ8 and come once a month, and I have been America has brought about a funda- several times. There have been forty mental change in the life of the people cf Japan. The atmosphere of to sixty young men and a few old the citie<; is charged with the smoke fellows sprinkled in. A few years of numberless factories. High-speed ago you could not have dragged these electric lines connect the great centers of commerce with the ports, upon men out with a rope and tackle. Now which their prosperity so largely dc- they are falling over each other litpends. The streets are filled with erally to get the thing out of Christramcars and buses, taxis and motor- tianity of which they have heard and f()r which the human heart every- where yearns, a loving, saving God."

lorries, which are gradually ousting the jinricksha and hand-cart. The Japanese Newspaper Evangelism T popularity of European food has HE proved effectiveness of this missionary method is already facreated a demand for European drink, and flasks of non-matured miliar to readers of the REVIEW. When whiskey (Osaka Scotch) are sold Dr. Pieters prepared his pamphlet in freely on railway platforms. Cinema 1919, he reported that since the be-

NEWS FROM MANY DANDS

ginning of the work in 1912 inquiries lief work for the sufferers from the had been received, not only from all recent floods in Korea, writes; "At the towns, but from everyone of the one place, representatives of the 257 townships of Oita Province. Rev. Roman Church followed our workers H. Kuyper estimates from the latest from house to house audibly finding figures that the province' is covered fault with our plan of issuing a minonce in two years. He says; imum ration to every house that was in desperate need. They said: Here is an area o~ about 2,500 square miles, dotted over with small towns, smaller Look at us; we had a f-ew families hurt villagE's, tiny hamlE'ts and lonely dwellings by the flood, and we gave them each Yen 15, in secluded valleys, in which some 900,00,0 and made them comfortable. But the Jesus human beings spend their lives. The mis- Churcn people have given a little to everysionary problem is to cover this territory body, instead of saving it and giving to with the gospel message. The Eiseikan is their own members only, and what have they making its contribution to the solution of this tremendous problem by dropping the got~ gospel seed, every two years, on every nine square miles of this territory. And drop- "'What have they goU' They ping it, mind you, not at random, but where have the knowledge that hundreds of some person has evinced enough interest to people have been kept from starving; ask for it. . . . I like to think of our ad- that clothing and bedding and food vertisement in the daily papers as a light and sympathy have reached 750 famithat casts its beams into every nook and lies; that little children who cried corner of this province, giving men at least for food have been satisfied; that a chance to 'know Him whom to know is peor old bones have slept warm at eternal life. night; that the ' Jesus Doctrine' is known all up and down this river as Growth of Korean Sunday-Schools a teaching that means help for every- T HE attendance in the Sunday- one. " schools ma=ed and directed from Kwangju, Korea, has increased over "Called to be an Evangelist" two hund.red per cent a year for the past fourteen years, according to REV. W. F. BULL, of Kunsan, Rev_ M. L. Swinehart, Southern Korea, who has been in Korea for Presbyterian missionary, who states twenty-seven years, is described by an that, after fourteen years of experi- associate in the Southern Presbyterment and close observation, those in ian :Mission as being "preeminently charge believe the work of conduct- fitted for the work of evangelism." ing these outpost Sunday-schools to The writer continues: "He loves the be one of the most successful forms of Koreans and understands them. Durevangelistic work thus far attempted ing the ten-day Bible class for men in Korea. In one heathen village, in the K wangju field, we were exwhere Sunday-school work was begun tremely fortunate in having him with several years ago, there is now an or- us to conduct the evening evangelistic ganized church, with its own pastor, meetings, the early morning prayer and having about forty baptized meetings, besides teaching one period communicants. From the first serv- a day. These night meetings and ice, held out of doors with sixteen early morning meetings were atlittle boys and girls as an audience, tended by hundreds of people, not this work has developed until now only the men of the class but many there is a Sunday-school with twelve others, besides wemen and children, classes and an average attendance of and at night there were many unbeover two hundred. lievers present. The day class, too, by special request was held at a free Relief for Flood Victims period in the afternoon so that the entire school might have the privilege REV. E. W. KOONS, American of hearing him and not just one class. Presbyterian missionary in Seoul, Mr. Bull has almost a perfect knowlwho was in charge of considerable re- edge of the language of the Korean

people and a wonderful freedom in velopment. Hawaii is a unique center for the use of it." !he inve.stigation of. racial crossing, cultural mteraetlOn, and socral relationships. 'L'hese ISLANDS OF THE SEA various opportunities are not permanent. Some of the peoples are disappearing, othel'S Comity in the Philippines are being rapidly Westernized. If further a11(1 more systematic studies are to he made, T HE growth of interdenomina- too much time must not be lost. tional comity in missionary work has recently been well illustrated in The Foundation, through the Divi- the Philippines, where the American sion of Studies, has pledged funds for Presbyterian and Baptist Boards c('operation with the agencies which have readjusted their territory. Under will make these investigations, has an agreement made twenty-five years provided special trips for two profes- ago, these two missions have occupied sors from Sydney and Adelaide, and jointly the island of Panay. Some has sent representatives on study years ago there was also assigned to visits to Hawaii, New Zealand, and the Baptists the island of Samar, the Australia. third largest in the archipelago, which has a population of 379,000. Hawaiian Gifts for Missions Though it is far removed from the other Baptist stations, it is near the THIS is the twenty-fourth year of islands of Leyte and Luzon, both the work of the American Epis- Presbyterian fields. An arrangement satisfactory to the representatives of copal Church in the District of Honoboth missions has now been made, by lulu and the sixty-fourth year since which the Presbyterians have relin- the English Church began work in quished to the Baptists all the work the Hawaiian Islands. The former on Panay, and have taken over has at present four self-supporting Samar. "This," writes Rey. C. R. parishes, sixteen organized missions Hamilton, D.D., "is practically vir- and seven unorganized. Bishop La gin soil for the Gospel. Within a "J:lothe, during the past year, baptized very short time following the transfer twenty-six children and adults, and of our former Iloilo station force to confirmed 174. "Once again," said Tacloban, the missionaries inaugu- the Bishop, addressing his Convccarated evangelistic meetings in several tion, "I haye to congratulate the misof the Samar towns, and acceptance sionary district on having paid in full of their message was prompt, nearly its apportionment for missions. Every one hundred making definite decision parish and mission met its quota. This for Christ. Calls are coming for miil,- amounted to $9,000; $5,000 for the sionaries to come to other towns and general wcrk of the Church sent ·to doors are opening on all sides." New York, and $1,000 for disposition by our own District :;Vfissionarv Ra.cia.l ProblclBs in thc Pacific Board. This latter sum has been df THE Rockefeller Foundation has recently issued the following state- great assistance to us in helping out ment: the very inadequate stipends of the C'lergy and in the Iolani and the . The islands of the Pacific offer excep- Priory schools. It is a matter of tIonal advantages for investigating raei'll pride to me that Honolulu was one and social problems. The Polynesian people of only six dioceseR or districts that in Hawaii, Samoa, the Marquesas, the So- paid its total quota." ciety Islands, Ellice Islands, etc., will repay continued study. The Melanesians in the NORTH A·MERICA Admiralty Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, Fiji and Plans of Evanston Comm.ittee other islauds offer a wide and fruitfui field ~or investilf3tion. C'ertahl aboriginal groups ACONFERE0JOE dealing with the III Austraha represent one of the few ex- specific problem of church co, amples of people in an early stage of de- operation on the college and univer- sity campus has been called by the Continuation Committee of the Inter-

1!l26] NE.WS FROM MANY LANDS

denominational Student Conference bility in respect to the denominational proheld at Evanston, Ill., in December, gram as defined in the unified budget. 1925. The meetings will be held at the "Cniversity of Illinois, September 2. That the local chnrch put on a well Bth-9th. The attempt is being made prepared Every Memher Plan, which will to keep a fifty-fifty ratio between stu- secure the pledge necessary to insure pay- ·dents and student workers who at- ment of the qnota. tend the gathering. 3. That the money so pledged be punc· tually collected and forwarded on the basis of one twelfth of the year's qnota every month.

The Continuation Committee also The combined foreign budget of the 'announces a study conference entitled general and the women's societies "World Students and the Christian adopted for 1927 was $2,370,000, and Church, " to be composed of forty that for home missions, $1,422,500. leading foreign and forty representa- tive American students, together with Boy Scouts and the Church twenty non-student mission experts. They will meet September 10th-17th THAT the churches haVE; been somewhere in the vicinity of New York City to examine the foreign quick to see the values in the Boy program of the Church as it appears to students, and to assist the Church Scout movement is evidenced by the in its approach to the foreign students in the United States. This con- fact that more than fifty per cent of ference will differ from the method employed at Evanston, in that the the troops are conducted under the progressive minds of both youth and ~aturity will be joined in approach- auspices of the churches and, of the mg the problems which they face in common. The Student Volunteer 12,000 church troops in the United Movement and the Friendly Relations Committees of the Christian Associa- States, 10,000 are in Protestant tions are cooperating in the promotion work for this conference. The churches. Recently a committee of Executive Chairman is Tlfr. George Paik, a Korean and a graduate stu- representatives of the churches, under dent in Yale LTniversity. the chairmanship of Dr. Macfarland of the Federal CwoituhncoilffiocfiaClshuorfchtehs~ in cooperation Scou~ Movement, has been engaged in workmg out a plan whereby the scout prcgram and the religious education program of the churches may be brought into more vital relation to each other. The plan will provide a definite statement of minimum re- quirements for a standard church ATBaptist Missionary Finances troop with appropriate recognition by THE annual meeting of the the church. Parallel to the church Xorthern Baptist Convention in year progra~ there will be, month by month, speCIal features of seasonal Washington the Board of Missionary emphasis in the scout year. It is hoped that this closer relationship Cooperation reported that in five may enable a higher percentage of the boys of scout age to profit by the years the missionary gifts have de- scout prcgram and prove a most ef- fective means of training fBr Chrisclined from $11,2,90,642 to $5431 869 tian service through the church.

while the contributirns for' cu;rent expenses have risen frfiogmure$s16~7a5k2~29n3o to $25,627,771. The account of the many millions contrib- uted during the same five years for Armenian Church in Amerlca investment in church property. The Board urged that as the local churches As A result of the nation-wide surgrow missions be enabled to grow vey recently comple1 ed among with them, and presented the follow- the Armenians in the United States ing program: under the direction of Archbishop Tirayre, the Primate of the Armenian 1. That every local church be induced to Church in America, and his Central aceept a quota representing its responsi-

Committee, the members of that com- zens of Virginia. . . . '1'he Hampton munion and their American friends Board of Trustees at its annual meethave inaugurated a campaign for ing in April decided that in order to funds with which to rehabilitate the conform to the law it would be neces- Church and undertake some very nec- sary to conduct hereafter all gatheressary Americanization work. The ings for entertainment or instruction Armenian children are shown by the as private meetings, open only to survey to be in urgent need of reli- members of the school community and gious education and spiritual nur- to invited guests." ture. According to statistics some eighty per cent of the more than 100,- Czechs in Old New York Church 000 Armenians in this country are members. of their national Church, THE Madison Avenue Presbyterian 'which dates from 301 A. D. The Church, New York City, from the younger generation, however, has pastorate of which Rev. Henry Sloane grown away from its Old World cere- Coffin, D,D., has resigned to accept monials and somewhat lengthy serv- the presidency of Union 'rheological ices, mostly because they have had no Seminary, has long been extending its training whatever to understand or ministry to the neighboring colony of appreciate them. To remedy this 30,000 Bohemians. When Dr. Coffin situation, the Archbishop believes it is came to the church twenty years ago, necessary .to make a most vigorous he found that it was supporting a effort for the religious education of mission over on the East Side. Bethe growing boys and girls on the one fore long this mission was given up, hand, and on the other to have the not because the church wanted to Church, in a measure, adapt itself to abandon its work among the people the changed conditions of country of that neighborhood, but because it and times. preferred to have them come to the home church and mingle democrati- Race in Virginia Law cally with the Christian people of older American stock, many of whom WHAT Principal James E. Gregg, came from families socially promi- of Hampton Institute, describes nent in New York. This daring venas "a resurgence of race prejudice" ture of faith has more than justified resulted in the passage by the Gen- itself. Today of the 1,800 members eral Assembly of Virg'inia of a bill of the Bible school fully six hundred for the compulsory separation of are of Czech parentage. It is doubtthe races in all public gatherings. ful if any other church in the coun- "This," says The Southern 'Work- try reaches as many children of Czech man, "was evidently directed against parentage as the Madison Avenue Hampton Institute because of its con- Church. Furthermore, Czechs of the tinued observance of the custom of first and second generation are found seating all persons attending enter- in great numbers among the members tainments at the Institute without of the congregation and are made discrimination because of color. It very much at home in all the activwas introduced into the Assembly ities of the church. They are reprethrough the efforts of the Anglo- sented on the official boards. Saxon Clubs of Newport News and Hampton; and became the law with- Armenians on California Border out the Governor's signature after the adjournment of the session. It was REV. GEORGE F., KENNGOTT, opposed by several of the leading PH.D., Congregationalist home white newspapers of the State; by missionary leader with headquarters the Richmond Chamber of Commerce; in Southern California, writes in the by the State Interracial Committee; American Missionary of a littleand by other prominent white citi- known situation just beyond our southern border: "Under our immi-

NEWS FROM MANY IJANDS

gration law, with its quota system, teachers who could get a good salary only one hundred Armenians may be elsewhere. " admitted annually, though fifty thousand clamor for admission. Unable LATIN AMERICA to enter directly, thousands have gone to Mexico, believing that after Church and State in Mexico establishing residence and gaining Mexican citizenship in two years they THE editorial article in the April may then enter the United States. Rem:ew, entitled "The Secular . . . Though millions of money and Crusade in Mexico," showed that the thousands of men have been devoted regulations now being enforced by to the salvation of the Armenians we the Mexican Government are not diwill not admit them to America. rected against the evangelical mis- Christians for centuries, trained in sionaries, but that the latter are coour mission schools, physically fit, operating with the Government in mentally alert, spiritually discerning, evel'y way possible. The constituthey knock in vain at the doers of tional provision which requires all Christian America in order that they who perform any ministerial rite to may be with their families who have be of Mexican birth has been felt by comB hithel' before them. On the the representatives of the Protestant other hand, the Mexicans, largely il- Episcopal Church to work especial literate and ·unskilled, fairly swarm hardship for them. For instance, the across the invisible border." dean of the cathedral in Mexico City escaped banishment only by promiss. S. Missions in Canada ing not to officiate in any religious service. That denomination· requires T HE religious need existing in some that the rite of confirmation be per- sections of rural Canada was de- formed by a bishop, but nnder the scribed at the annual meeting of the present law Right Rev. Frank Creigh- ton cannot conduct such a ~ervice in s. P. G. in London by :Miss Eva Mexico. Press reports in June were to the effect that on July 15th much Hasell, who reported on the so-called stricter regulations would be promul- "Sunday-school Caravans." In one gated which would not only insist place only twelve out of forty grown that priests and ministers must be people had ever attended a Christian Mexicans by birth but would provide service before. She said: a fine of 500 pesos and fifteen days' imprisonment, followed by expulsion, "In the southern territory in the as a punishment for violation. Priests diocese of Calgary, where one of the who arouse the public to disobey the Archbishop's Western Canada Mis- laws by letter or by sermons will be sions was, there is now a large Mor- sentenced to one year in jail and mon temple, and in all the day schoolR fined. of that district they have their special teaching in the last half-hour of every Haitian Priest Converted day. In one district the Mormons had started a Sunday-school, and even the T HE recent conversion of a Voodoo Church of England mothers were priest in Haiti is described by Rev. sending their children to it because Mr. Wood, of the American Baptist they thought it was better to have Home Mission Society: "The man some Bible teaching than none. We had been visiting our little Sundayhave now seven caravans; we start school, and had learned by heart a the seventh this year in the diocese ef number of texts, one of which was, Kootenay. There are fourteen of us 'No man putting his hand to the at work; a great many of us who can plough and looking back is fit for the do so, payeur own expenses. Each Kingdom of Heaven.' A little later caravan cests £320. None of the he left the district, and became a workers are getting any salary at all, Voodoo priest, working all sorts of although many of them are trained

magic, consulting the spirits in lonely prehensive urban and rural hygiene places at night, and going from dis- and health programs. The program trict to district as a medicine man. for Rio de Janeiro carries a special But he could not forget the verse department of infantile hygiene, which he had learned. At last he was which includes the care of mothers taken sick, and during his sickness he and of children up to the age of six. had an extraordinary vision which Clinics are being opened gradually in was to him the clear call of God. different sections of the city. The in- When he came to himself, he told his stitute, using funds provided by the wife that God had caned him, and Board of Missions of the Southern that he had determined to follow. He Methodist Church, offered to provide immediately destroyed his three books a home for such a clinic. After the of magic, and threw away the money most careful investigation, the Govthat he had earned by them. He is ernment accepted the olfer, and the now visiting all the Voodoo centers work was begun on Christmas Day. around, telling the people his story of In an address made at the opening of the grace of God. the new clinic the doctor in charge, speaking as an official of the Govern- 4'Revolutionaries in Brazil" ment, expressed the pleasure of the Brazilian authorities in h-aving found T HIS is the title by which Freder- so satisfactory a basis for cooperative ick C. Glass, of the Evangelical effort with the evangelical mission Union of· South America, describes forces. " himself and his ccmpanions on a recent trip into the interior. He says GENERAL of the authorities in one town: "They examined all our baggage for bomb~, World Student Cooperation but found only Bibles! This so impressed one of the police authorities, T HE League of Nations brought tothat he at once purchased our very gether in :'Ilay representatives of best Bible, and furthermore invited seven international student organizaus to put up at his farm on the way." tions to discuss methods of cooperal'.fr. Glass continue~: "Our colpor- tion on subjects of common interest. teurs had twice visited these regions Many matters were dealt with in a some years ago, and I could see re- fine spirit of collaboration. Good suits of their work. In one remote work was done on the question of sefarmhouse I found a man, well ever curing special facilities for students seventy, who had been converted traveling into or through foreign through the reading of one of the countries. This will include the re- Bibles that they had sold. His sons duction to a minimum of passport and grandsons and their families and visa formalities and the obtainhad professed to follow his religion, ing of tariff reductions on railways. though they had not had anyone to The responsibility for gathering inexplain it to them." formation and for approaching gov- ernment and other authorities to ob- Health Problems in Brazil tain these advantages, was delegated to the International Confederation of I N RIO DE JANEIRO there is an Students. It is likely that before institutional missionary pIa n t, long their work will result in subknown as the People's Central Insti- stantial benefits to students who are tute, which is trying to put into effect traveling: The questions of foyers, the conception of a physical as well self-help, and student clubs, loans to as a spiritual ministry which was em- students, exchange of students, unemphasized at the Montevideo Confer- ployment among students, and a comence. "At the same time." says the mon international center, were all Christian Century, "the Government discussed, with a view to practical of Brazil established a national beard action being taken. of health which is working out com-

'0THE MISSIONAmr UBlRAR'l&0 I ~

0kAJ'" ~ 'LHKI """UV!' iriAi, … Uvu' QUO'"

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.- THE REVlEW.

Osman Pasha: A Drama of the New Tur- Prophet of Islam~Jesus of Naza- key. Wm. Jourdan Rapp. 145 pp. $1.25. New York. 1925. reth."

Many find it difficult to believe that Preaching this belief Osman Pasha the cruelty, intolerance and fanaticism that have characterized the Turk meets the same end as his Master at in the past can be undergoing changes that are transforming the the hands of fanatics. The book rewhole Near East. But to those who see the situation in Turkey with a veals an intimate observation of the well informed, unprejudiced mind, the vast struggle of the Moslem world new spirit at work in Turkey today to take its place in Western civilization brings a thrill. The struggle be- and should be thoughtfully read by tween the old conservatism, fatalism and the slavery of traditions and the all who believe that there is an an- swer to the profound uneasiness throughout the Moslem world today.

Turkey is conscious of her needs as never before in her history. What answer will the Christian world give her? J. w. E.

new nationalism that is waking from Modern Education in Korea. Horace H. a sleep of centuries deeply conscious Underwood. 8yo. 336 pp. $4.00. New of its mental and spiritual hunger is York. 1926.

strikingly brought out in this drama. This valuable monograph is the most It is written with an understand- thorough study of educational condi- ing of an awakened people, a sym- tions in Korea. '£he author was born pathy for their bewilderment and in Korea, the son of one of the great- discouragement and a belief in their est missionaries of the modern future progress. Church, the Rev. Horace Grant Un- Osman Pasha, a leader in the new derwood, D.D., LL.D., a pioneer mis- Brotherhood of Jesus, points the way sionary in Korea, the founder and to fuller life by his own death. His first President of the Chosen Chris- love for the daughter of American tian College in Seoul, an evangelist, missionaries breaks down the barrier an educator, an administrator, a of religion that stood between them Christian statesman. The author of and he becomes a follower of Jesus. this monograph, is Professor of Psy- The interpretation of the new spir- chology in the Chosen Christian Col- itual effort by many of the modern lege, Seoul, and has taken a high educated Turks gives to the book an stand as author of an English- absorbing interest. Jesus is pro- Korean Dictionary and a book on claimed a Moslem prophet and the "Every Day Korean." The present Gospels a holy book of Islam. There- volume indicates a painstaking ex- fore a man can be a disciple of Jesus amination of sources and an immense and remain within Islam. Enlight- amount of labor in collating and sys- ened Moslems can thus successfully tematizing materials. After a brief preach Jesus to Islam. Osman introduction on the country, its polit- Pasha's desire is to make Jesus a ieal history and the history of mis- vital foree in Islam. "The goal of sionary work, he presents a wide life is God. The path is love. And range of facts regarding education he who has best pointed the way is a under the old Korean Government, 653 the beginnings and development of six hours we have been traveling missionary education by all the re- through acknowledged Disciple ter- ligious agencies operating in Korea, ritory, as yet untouched by our peo- and the educational institutions and ple, and for which practically noth- policy inaugurated under the super- ing has been done by any evangelical vision of the Japanese Government force. On beyond lies Paraguay, an- General since 1910. The last section other five hundred miles of territory, graphically presents the educational for which we have peculiar responsi- opportunities in Korea. bility. Except in the larger towns While the volume is an intensive we have passed through, even the study of education in Korea and lim- formal and lifeless ministrations of its itself to that country, it involves decadent Romanism are denied the principles, methods and precedents people. "

which make it of wide interest to the And yet Dr. Corey is referring to South America's Mesopotamia, lying students of education in other lands. between the Uruguay and Parana Rivers, where the fertility of the soil Illustrations, <;harts, statistical tables, is probably unexcelled in any part of the world. While Southern Brazil, a bibliography, eleven appendices, Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina are attracting the money and the and a careful index, make the abun- windmills and Fords of the United States, and immigrants from Gerdant materials readily available for many and other parts of Europe, spir- itual and social assistance from these reference. It is a fine thing to have Christian lands are most sparingly a young missionary do such a satis- factory piece of work. The reader does not wonder that it has won for the author the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from New York Univer- sity. A. J. B.

Among South American Friends. Stephen given, especially in the case of the J. Corey. mus. 182 Pl'. $1.25. Cincin. Continent's ten million pure-blooded nati. 1925. Indians. Yet the Disciples' field just The Vice-President of the United mentioned is that which in the seven- Christian Missionary Society gives us teenth century saw the memorable here his journal of a visit to South experiment of the Jesuits, resulting America last year, when he looked in an Indian imperium in imperio especially into the work of the Dis- ruled by the Church, but falling in ciples, and attended the Montevideo ruins in 1768 when their spiritual leaders were expelled. More to the Congress. As he circumnavigated point as suggesting Protestant possi- bilities is the remarkable work done the Continent, except for crossing it mainly by one man, Barbrooke Grubb from Buenos Aires to Valparaiso, he of the South American Missionary saw both coasts and had glimpses of Society, which is going on from the interior which are agreeably pictured for the reader. strength to strength.

The frontispiec, a church door at Cuzco with its Spanish inscription, Dr. Corey's book is of especial in- "Come unto Mary all ye that labor terest to the Disciples, but its travel and are heavy laden, and she will glimpses and its particularized regive you rest," is a summary of the ports of centers where his Church is Christian religion commonly seen in most active are samples of what Evan- the book on its Roman Catholic side. gelical Missions are doing for our sis- The Protestant aspects of Christian- ter continent. The independent ity are encouraging in certain cities Presbyterian Church in Brazil is the and in the spirit of comity and co- finest specimen of what is doing there, operation evident in those centers. but earnest Protestant workers are Yet how far short our churches are more and more uniting in the from doing what needs doing may be brotherly and Christlike attempt to seen in this quotation: "For fifty- purify religion and life and to extend the blessings of Evangelical Chris- primitive religion. In this study we tianity to all that great continent. have only the first volume of at least two in which Sir .Tames confines him- H. P. B. self to accounts of the worship of the Sky, the Earth and the Sun as de- The Beast, Modernism and the Evangelical scribed in ancient Latin, Greek and Faith. Francis Asa Wight. 311 pp. Indian literature and as seen among $2.00. Boston. 1926. travelers among the primitive peoples of today. No index is provided but The author of this book undertakes the twenty pages of Contents make one almost despair of ever getting a to deal with modern issues "of a mo- respectable knowledge of so encyclo- paedic a subject. Yet informing and mentous nature, involving the life of curious data here given fill the reader with a desire to know still more of both church and state" (i). ' Writing this central group of primitive man's major deities. not so much for the erudite as for the The three forms of worship are great body of believers, he seeks "to treated at the same time, though the race variations are separately treated show the stately steppings of our God as the worship is found among Ary- ans, Persians, Romans and Greeks, down through the ages" (iii) and to the ancient Babylonians, Assyrians and Egyptians and then among the give at least a general forecast of the civilized nations of the Far East, end- ing with the worship as seen among future. the backward races of India, Africa, The book, divided into five sections America and Indonesia. The sky is the most universal object of nature in (I. The Beast and the False Prophet. its varied phenomena, and hence is the starting point of this study of II. The Fundamentals of Our Faith. natural religion. The Vedic wor- shiper of remote antiquity and his III. The Bible VB. Modernism. IV. modern descendant in India look Prophecies and Their Fulfillment. upon all phenomena of nature as ani- mate and divine, though he empha- V. Our Lord's Return.), is somewhat sized the Sun especially. Hardly less devoted to nature deities are the lacking in unity. In passages of ex- untutored Africans who pray to the Earth. American Indians have pressive invective the author pays his specialized more on Earth worship, "the Great Grandmother of all." In respects to modern religious and poli- Indonesia it is the White Divinity dwelling in the Sun that is the object tical movements. The destructive of veneration, while the Black Divin- ity of the Moon is of secondary imtendency rather overbalances the con- portance.

structive. This volume contains scores of in- cidental references, such as the Extreme literalism characterizes Chagga myths of the Fall of Man, an African 'rower of Babel, many stories some interpretations of Scripture, of the origin of Death, Plato's com- bating the youthful scapegraces who For instance the "New Jerusalem" had apparently given up the habit of praying and doing obeisance to the (Rev. 21: 10) is taken to be literally a cube measuring 1,500 miles in each direetion (242). After a severe ar- raignment of the speculations of the International Bible Students' Asso- ciation, the author himself eomes perilously near " setting dates" in his treatment of the "Four Horse- men" of Revelation (pp. 267-9).

The section on "The Fundamentals of Our Faith" is the most valuable part of the book, though chapters xvi, xix, xx and xxiii deserve attention.

In general the author seems too anx- ious to defend the Scriptures, which, properly interpreted, are their own best defense. c. R. S.

The Worship of Nature. Sir James George Frazer, O. M., F. R. S., F. B. A. 672 pp. $4.00. New York. 1926.

When the author reduced his twelve tomes of "The Golden Bough" to a single volume, he did a great thing for busy readers of comparative rising and setting Sun and Moon, etc. written for children, but its text would hold the attention only of the The entire volume is full of interest- exceptional child. Its chief value wquld be to help leaders get up a ing proofs of man's desire to worship, meeting on Chinese Leaders, past, and present. even when he knew no higher object Opening with the story of two to deify than Sun, Earth and Sky. Chinese nobles, some three thousand years ago, who decided to let Lord In his second volume Sir James will Chang arbitrate their differences, the author draws sketch after sketch of complete his survey of the worship of Chinese characters – poets, philoso- phers, statesmen and generals who the Sun and deal with the personifi- helped China to become the great country of the Orient. cation and worship of other' aspects The striking face of Miss Pao Swen of nature, both animate and inani- Tseng as shown in one of the illustra- tions is perhaps the finest testimony mate. H. P. B. of all to the essential nobleness of Chinese character. Our Templed Hills. Ralph A. Felton. Illus. 12mo. 240 pp. $1.00. (60 cents, paper). One closes the book with the feel- New York. 1926. ing that its message lies not so mueh in what it says as in the thoughts it Dr. Felton knows and loves the arouses. With such a past record, rural church. He was formerly a China.'8 future must needs be great! worker in the Department of Church and Country Life of the Presbyterian The Ethics of Opium. Ellen N. LaMotte. Board, a compiler of rural surveys 12 mo. 2()4 pp. $1.75. New York. and now is extension Professor of 1924. Rural Socral Organization at the New York State College of Agriculture, The opium habit makes even Cornell University. His book is the greater slaves than alcohol, and saps general study volume put out by the morals, physical strength and se1£- Council of Women for Home Mis- control. There is even less reason to sions and the Missionary Education license its general sale than to permit Movement. Professor Felton de- the sale of intoxicants and yet many scribes the modern life in rural dis- governments permit the poppy to be tricts, the practical Christian pro- grown and opium manufactured and gram for these communities, the sold for the sake of revenue. Miss leadership required and the relation LaMotte discloses the distressing of the rural problem to national facts and discusses the ethics of the progress. This study is full of con- situation in all countries. crete facts and examples from life in various parts of America. It is rich Tales of Young Japan. People Who Lived in suggestion though many of the in Japan. 12 mo. 61 pp. Is. Church ideals will not appeal to all workers Missionary Society. London. 1925. or meet the need in all communities. There seems to be an over-emphasis Eleven missionaries tell, for young on the social at the expense of the people, these tales of kites, marbles, spiritual aims, plans and forces. parties, silk worms and silk making; These things for temporal w('lfare a journey up Fuji; school and home ought to be done, but the other things life; tea drinking; theatres and other for eternal welfare should not be left Japanese 'customs. Many facts, in- cidents and personal "contacts will undone. help young people of America and England to understand these interest- Chinese Heroes in Legend and History. ing people. William Munn. Introduction by Rev.

G. T. Saywell. 94 pp. Is, 6a. London.

1926.

This little volume might well be called "Sn!tP Shots of Chinese Heroes" as each sketch is so very brief. Its style suggests that it is

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1922

'337

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Review of the World DELAVAN L PIERSON, EtiitlJr CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1922 Page FRONTISPIECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . McALL MISSION WORK IN FRANCE EDITORIALS …….•…………………………………….• . . . . . . . . • 341 CLOUD AND SUNSHINE ON THE TURKISH HOPEFUL SIGNS IN LATIN·AMERICA HORIZON JAPANESE-AMERlCANS IN HAWAII EGYPTIAN INDEPENDENCE AND MISSIONS INCREASE OF FOREIGN BORN IN AMERICA FRANK L. BROWN SHELTON OF BATANG …. _……………………… By ABRAM E. CORY 351 A story of herClic and self-sacrificing service given to the Tibetans by a mis- sionary physician who has recently been killed by band;,ts on the Chinese border of Tibet. POLITICS AND MISSIONS IN INDIA TODAY II……. BY ROBERII' E. SPEER 359 The second part of an illuminating study of the political and missionary con- iiitions Un, India as seen by Dr. Speer in his recent three months' sojourn Un, that t'Usturbed country.

HALF A CENTURY OF THE McALL MISSION …….. BY GEORGE T. BERRY 367 The story of the remarkable social and religiOUS work accomplished in France through the cooperation of British and American Christians. The Jubilee is to be celebrated in June. THE LIFE OF A LADY DOOTOR IN INDIA . . . . . . . . By MRS. GEORGE A. PAULL 371 Extracts from the fascinating letters of Dr. Elisabeth G. Lewis, a young medical missionary in charge of a hospital at Ambala City-not to mention the motor cycle. BITTER OPPOSITION IN BRAZIL . . . . • . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . By ANDRE JENSEN 477 The story of a riot stirred up by a priest because of efforts to establish evangelical Christian work in a Brooilwn town. A letter translated by Dr. George C. Lenington. INDIA'S NEED FOR CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP ………. By F. H. RUSSELL 381 Facts showing the supreme importance of developing native Christian leader- ship in the Indian church at this crisis in the country's history. THE TEAOHER'S OPPORTUNITY IN INDIA ………… By D. J. FLEMING 384 An appeal for the more adequate development of the middle schcols of India for the purpose of educating the Christians who are to take their place as leaders in the future lite of India. MISSION OF MEDICINE IN INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BY ROBERT H. H. GOHEEN 385 A m08t interesting and convincing account of tM important need for medical missionary work in India and its influence in winning the people to Christ.

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EVIEW~ VOL MAY, 1922 NUMBER XLV. FIVE CLOUD AND SUNSHINE ON THE TURKISH HORIZON I T IS increasingly difficult to discover the bright spots in the Near East situation. The expected "helpful results of the war" have about vanished into thin air. Instead of a defeated Turk and a country partitioned for the good of humanity, we see a growing Turkish Nationalist power and a weakness on the part of the European Governments that seem inclined to yield to Turkish demands for the return of territories and dominion of which they had been shorn. Moreover while the Turks are more awake to modern ideas and have a new desire for education, they are no more inclined to harbor unshackled and unsubdued the Christians in their midst or to tolerate any attempts to lead followers of Mohammed into the fold of Christ.

The demands for the return of Eastern Thrace and complete control of Constantinople and the Straits may not be fully acceded to by the Allies but it seems probable that Asia Minor, including Cilicia, and Anatolia (with Smyrna) will be returned. The territory formerly assigned by the Allies to the Armenians has never been relinquished by the Turks. Such is the trend of events when fear, jealousy and intrigue gain the upper hand. The hands on the clock of pI ogress are apparently to be turned back but the hand on God's clock will not move backward. His hour has not yet come.

As a gentleman in Constantinople, not a missionarYl writes: "The politicians of Europe made a great mistake in letting this country remain unoccupied after the armistice. The Christian Church ought not to make that mistake. To say that we must wait till things are settled in this country is a grave blunder. The fact that conditions are not settled certainly cannot be a valid excuse for not doing what we can do now. This is a great center and strategic in the social and religious life of the whole Near East; the scope for Christian work here is immense and the fate of millions of people depends on the conditions in this city. Who knows if the key to the whole Moslem problem may not be found here ~ Therefore.it is for us to make a good survey of our field, to feel our way with common sense, to organize onr forces and to go ahead with sure faith."

341

The war has dealt a terrible blow to Christian work in the Near East. Hundreds of Christian churches are in ruins; thousands have been appropriated to secular purposes; over a million Christians have been slain by sword or have died as a result of the priyations of deportation. Mission schools and colleges have been closed; hospitals have been taken into other hands, and a score of American missionaries have themselves been deported on specious charges or no charges at all. Not one missionary remains in all the Eastern Turkey Mission of the American Board and only a few are left in all Anatolia. Moreover, the peace terms as they are being shaped again by the Allies, make little concession to Christian minorities and the treaty is frankly an effort to placate enraged Moslem feeling.

Certain new situations have been created which are big with opportunity and of these we must take advantage.

First: Christiansfl~eing from Turkey have entered Russian Armenia where a Soviet government is feeling its way to permanent control. It is frankly and openly opposed to religion, yet American Protestant missionaries are also on the ground, feeling their way to exert a Christian influence among the Bolshevists, and churches and schools have rapidly sprung up.

Second: Greece, in oocup-ying Smyrna and Salonica, has come into direct relation with established evangelical missionary work which has hitherto been carefully excluded from Greece. Missionaries are using and circulating the Bible in modern Greek and it is not probable that religious persecution under a Greek government will take the place of the religious liberty enjoyed under a Turkish rule. Possibly the liberty to circulate the Bible in modern Greek may be extended to old Greece for the liberal Greek Queen expresses herself as eager for the circulation of the Testament in the language of the people. The new Greek Patriarch in Constantinople, who has recently come from America, also openly advocates affiliation with the Protestants.

Third: The Allied occupation of Constantinople has made it a safety zone for thousands of refugees who, in their dire need, are open to the message of Christian love. Protestant services are being conducted each week in English, Turkish, Greek, Armenian, Russian, French and Kurdish by the Protestant missionaries and pastors in the city. All the old missionary schools and colleges of the city are full and new ones are being opened to meet the eager desire of all the varied elements in this metropolis of the Orient.

Fourth: The war has awakened the Turks, especially of Constantinople, to read. Bookshops are many, new magazines and newspapers have sprung into popularity as the reading public has deyeloped in intelligence and numbers. Careful surveys have been made of what literature the Christian church has produced and what

EDITORIAL COMMENT

it must produce to meet this new desire for good reading. It now only remains to issue the books, magazines and tracts for which there is already an eagerness, born of the new world relations into which Turkey has been thrust.

Strange changes have come over the plans for the political settlement of the Near Eastern problems. An independent Armenia is a faded dream,; the territorial aspirations of Greece have been rebuked; and the greatest surprise of all is the weakness of European governments. Instead of a crushed and divided Turkey a strong and united Ottoman government is emerging. But" the Word of God is not bound," and although there are "many adversaries," there are also many great doors of opportunity, challenging Christians to prayer, to works of faith, to sacrificial giving of self and substance to the work of Christ among these people.

EGYPTIAN INDEPENDENCE AND MISSIONS O N MARCH 16th Ahmed Fuad Pasha was proclaimed King of Egypt by the British. Independence has been granted to the country, Great Britian retaining the Suez Canal andreserving the right to defend it. A sufficient number of British officials and soldiers will be retained in Egypt for the present to help maintain order and strengthen the government. The relation of Great Britain is apparently analogous to the relation of America to Cuba.

Field Marshall Viscount Allenby thus gives up his position as British High Commissioner in Egypt and Great Britain releases her control which dates practically from the Arabi revolt under the reign of Tewfik Pasha in 1882. King Fuad gave out a letter to the nation in which he said: ,. God has graciously permitted the independence of Egypt to be attained by our hands. Weare grateful to God, and hereby announce to the world that from today Egypt enjoys independence and sovereignty.

"We have taken for ourselves the title His Majesty, King of Egypt, in order to insure the country's dignity and its international status. We ask God and the nation to bear witness that we shall endeavor to work for the welfare and happiness of our beloved country. We hope this day will inaugurate an era which will restore Egypt's grandeur."

While the British recognize Egypt as a sovereign state, they have served notice on other nations that British influence is still paramount in Egypt and that other nations must not interfere in Egyptian affairs. The special reservations that the British Government makes with reference to the new kingdom include the security of British Imperial communications, defense of Egypt against foreign interference, and the protection of foreign interests in Egypt.

What effect this change in government will have on the economic prosperity and the progress of civilization in Egypt, the preservation of order and justice, the extension of education and religious freedom remains to be seen. There is a possible danger that, with the removal of British control, immoral literature may be more freely circulated, that courts of justice will be less incorruptible, that Christian in- stitutions like the Sabbath will be still more discredited-; that Moslem authorities will make it even more difficult for a Moslem to become a Christian; that Mission schools may be obliged to teach the Koran and that education in the Bible and attendance at Christian services may be prohibited to Moslems. Egypt has now an opportunity to show herself enlightened and progressive or oppressive and retrogressive. The work of the Christian missionaries is especially important in this transition period for well trained enlightened leaders are needed in the new kingdom.

INCREASE OF FOREIGN BORN IN AMERICA T HE Government has enacted an emergency immigration law restricting for one year the number of immigrants to be al- lowed to enter the country. In the meantime Congress plans to work out a new and permanent policy and laws to correspond. Gradually restrictive immigration laws have sought to exclude the diseased, criminals, flagrantly immoral, political radicals, illiterate, extreme paupers, and those ineligible to citizenship. In spite of these attempts, immigration has grown to vast proportions and many undesi.rables have been admitted. In the ten years (1911 to 1920) 6,000,000 immigrants were admitted and the net increase of foreign born was nearly 4,000,000. Of these we learn that Hebrews increased …………… : …………. . 587,302 N. W. Europeans increased …………………. . 1,560,597 Other Europeans …………………………. . 2,114,598 Mexicans increased ……………………….. . 246,999 Africans increased ……………………….. . 73,702 Japanese increased ……………………….. . 19,409 Chinese decreased ………………………… . 14,986 Immigration should be selective both in quality and in quantity according to our ability to assimilate and put into useful employment. The general principles should be applied impartially to all nations. Immigration officers should make their selections in foreign ports and immigrants should secure transportation to points in America where they can find employment and not be dropped in port cities. Immigrants should be courteously received and safeguarded. Provision should be made for their education in American standards and ideals and recognized Christian missionaries should have free access to them in order that they may have an opportunity to under-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

stand and accept the Gospel that is the hope of the individual and of the nation.

The Sterling Bill (Senate 1253) offers concrete, constructive proposals for regulating immigration along approved lines-admitting "only so many law abiding immigrants of any national or racial group as may be wisely employed and assimilated and incorporated into the body politic of the nation."

A JAPANESE-AMERICAN MOVEMENT IN HAWAIl REV. T. OKUMURA and his son are two remarkable Japanese in Hawaii. The father has been a Christian pastor in Hono- lulu for thirty years, has built up a strong church, and has established a successful Christian school for boys. Two years ago he went to Japan to explain to Japanese leaders the underlying causes, so far as Japanese are concerned, of the 3Jllti-Japane~ movement in America and he secured the support of the most influential men in Japan, such as Dr. Takuma Dan, Dr. I. Nitobe, Viscount Kaneko, Dr. J. Soyeda, Admiral Baron Uriu, Mr. S. Asano, and others.

Mr. Okumura is conducting a unique campaign in Hawaii to reach "key men" rather than use public mass meetings or other "whole~ sale" methods. His work is perhaps more national than evangelistic for he has visited the principal plantations and 1,452 Japanese have given their" pledge" to stand for the American ideals and interests.

After enumerating several causes of irritation under the head- Mr. ings, "Living Conditions," "Religious Conditions," "Japanese Children Born in Hawaii," and "Evasions of Law," Okumura says: "Without eradicating these sources of irritation, Japanese can not hope to escape from the odium that they are unassimilable and undesirable people. Whenever any question like California's arises, it is natural for us to expect the government of the two countries to arrive at a solution through diplomatic channels. We actually want to have the vital problem solved once and forever. But the problem relating to Japanese will arise again and again. Nothing can prevent its recurrence unless the Japanese, particularily in Hawaii, become wideawake and remove those causes of anti-Japanese sentiment. If this is done, the Japanese question 'will be settled forever."

In talking to the Japanese On the plantations Mr. Okumura emphasized two ideas: (1) Forget the idea 'Japanese' and think and act from the point of view of the American people, as long as you live under the protection of America. (2) Inasmuch as your children were born in Hawaii, and expect to live and work shoulder to shoulder with the American people, educate and build them up into loyal American citizens.

In describing his" Hopes" for the full solution of the Hawaiian- Japanese problem Mr. Okumura contrasts the Japanese of today with

those who were coming from Japan a generation ago and says: "Al- ready a radical change is taking place among the Japanese today. The Japanese on plantations and in the different towns today are different from those of early immigrant days. The taste of the drifter has disappeared, and the majority of Japanese have come to make Hawaii their !)ermanent home. Instead of sending the bulk of . their earnings to Japan, they are investing their money in the island industries, and have come to see that they must assimilate American ideas and ideals, American customs and manners, if they are to live here and work side by side with the American people. "

The unconscious revolution which the children born in these islands are undergoing is far more remarkable. They speak the English language more freely and fluently than Japanese. They are receiving from public schools far greater influences than from their homes, or Japanese Language Schools. Brought up in the Christian atmosphere, they have an innate consciousness of God as revealed in Christ and it is difficult for any Buddhist priest to instil into their minds the Buddhistic teachings. Their ideals and interest are all bound up with America. At the same time this is not enough. The Japanese in Hawaii need most of all to be "be born again" into the likeness of Christ by the power of His Spirit. Then the J ap- anese problem will be solved.

HOPEFUL SIGNS IN LATIN-AMERICA'

T HE new Peruvian law under President Leguia provides for a complete administrative system, based as far as possible on .a sane balance between the political and administrative functions of public education and a right adjustment between central and local control. .

The classic University of San Marcos, the oldest in America, founded a hundred years before Harvard, has recently sent one of its young professors to the United States to study our university life. He returned to Lima and brought a message of enthusiasm for North American institutions and an expression of liberalism which is likely to cause something of a revolution at old San Marcos. The students of the University are studying how to be helpful in the community, especially to the laboring classes, and are conducting classes for large number~ of working men at night.

Paraguay recognizes that friendship with the United States is almost her only hope, for her larger neighbors are interested only in her commercial exploitation. Educational representatives of the United States are sure of a hearty welcome. The proudest possession of the people of Asuncion is the library of 1,200 of the best American books, recently presented by the Carnegie Foundation. This library is housed in the Instituto Paraguayo-a splendid organi-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

zation through which the Paraguayan educators are seeking to do something for the community by means of night classes, gymnasia, etc. The President of the Republic, the Minister of Public Instruction and the leading educational figures of the country are greatly interested in how the educational forces of the United States may cooperate more closely with Paraguay in the solution of her difficult educational problems. The Colegio lnternacional, recently opened by the United Christian Missionary Society, of North America, and now having eight American teachers, is looked upon by Paraguayan educators as a great contribution to their life.

Brazil is particularly friendly to us. The beautiful Monroe Palace, which stands in the heart of Rio de Janeiro, speaks eloquently of this friendship.

The Brazilian government has shown its desire for closer connections with the United States by a recent law providing for 'the sending of about one hundred students to our universities each year for special study. These students are now in this country attending various universities and preparing to carry North American ideas and ideals back to Brazil. Another evidence of the increasing educational prestige of the United States in Latin-America is the wide and rapidly growing use of North American textbooks, translated into Spanish and Portuguese.

To understand the present educational situation of Latin-America, we must take into consideration three important movements that are rapidly assuming prominence in those countries: the Labor movement, the Feminist movement and the Prohibition movement. The new demands made by these new tendencies naturally turn attention to the one American country which has already dealt with them and with other similar problems of a democracy.

It is inevitable that the educational leaders of Latin-America will more and more get their training in the United States. They will carry back with them not only admiration for our system, but a familiarity with its organization and workings which will make it easier for them to strike out on these lines than on any other. The facility with which textbooks and school supplies may be adapted for use in Latin-America is a practical matter which will also have a vast influence.

FRIANK L. BROWN, LL.D.

O NE of the great human forces at work in the world for evan- gelization and for Christian instruction, especially through ,the Sunday-school, was called Home on March 23rd after a brief illness. Frank L. Brown, a bundle of -mental and spiritual energy, had, by his many years of constant self-sacrificing service, worn out his physical tabernacle and overstrained his heart. For

over five years; ever since the present Missionary Review Publishing Company was organized, he has been the vice-president, always deeply interested in the great work of world-wide evangelization and the task of enlisting the Church at home in whole hearted obedience to the great commission of Christ. The extent 'to which his loss will be felt is inestimable since his friends are found in every part of the globe and his influence and active cooperation extended into many departments of Christian activity.

Almost sixty years ago (October 16, 1862), Frank L. Brown was born in Brooklyn, New York, and at four years of age entered the Sunday-school of the Summerfield Methodist Episcopal Church. For fifty-five years, therefore, he was actively connected with this branch of church activity and through the positions of pupil, teacher, superintendent and other offices, rose to the highest position in Sundayschool work-that of General Secretary of the World's Sundayschool Association.

As a young man he entered the banking business, but his real business was that of a partner with Christ in educating the men, women and children of the world through the Sunday-school. Some time before his death he said: "As a young man I thought through the question of the place for the best investment of my life for the church and community, and decided it was the Sunday-school where the whole life could be shaped for a long future. Have never seen reason to regret this decision. The steps in Sunday-school work, since that decision, have been a natural evolution. I have found that the broader view has reacted helpfully upon the local work."

For eleven years in a banking house, then as a cashier and later associated with his brother as a banker and broker, he was in the meantime using all his spare time in building up and spiritually enriching people through the Sunday-school. When Mr. Brown's earnings in business enabled him to be self-supporting he did not keep on hoarding wealth or indulging in luxuries but retired in 1904, at only forty-two years of age, in order that he might devote his whole time to Christian service.

The Bushwick Avenue Sunday-school and Church of Brooklyn were founded and built up through his tireless and efficient work until the Sunday-school became one of the largest in the world with a membership of over three thousand and all efficiently graded.

For nearly forty years (1886 to 1922) he was superintendent of this school, which was started as a mission with Mr. Brown as the first superintendent when he was twenty-three years of age. From his varied and valuable experiences he wrote a number of books on Sunday-school work and his advice as an expert was sought all over the world. He never refused any help that he could give and often went far beyond his strength. Twice he travelled around the world,

EDITORIAL COMMENT

twice besides to the Orient, once to Mexico, and once to Sonth Amer- ica in order that he might help to extend the knowledge of Christ and to develop Christian life through the Sunday-school. He attended the conventions in Rome, Washington, Znrich and Tokyo and it was largely due to his untiring service that the world-wide Sunday- school work has attained such size and strength. With all his em- phasison proper organizations and methods he ever placed first emphasis on the necessity of the salvation of the individual through a living, abiding faith in Christ and the importance of spiritnal growth through earnest, intelli- gent Bible study, prayer and Christian service.

In 1920 Mr. Brown received an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws as a tribute to his important work in Christian education but he ever counted the name Chris- tian as by far the most important title he could hope to have. In spirit he was ever humble, gener- ous hearted, patient, courteous, sin- cere and friendly. His laborsabun- dant are indicated by the fact that he was at the same time General FRANK LLEWELLYN BROWN, LL.D. Secretary of the World's Sunday- Deceased March 23, 1922 schoolAssociation, Superintendent of the Bushwick Avenue Sunday-school, Vice-President of the Mis- sionary Review Publishing Company, a member of the Board of the Sunday-school Times, a member of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and held prominent and active positions in many other Christian and benevolent organizations. His loss will continue to be keenly felt, not only by his wife and two chil- dren, by his own church and Sunday-school associates but by the members of the REVIEW family and by thousands of Christians of every age, race and station. At the funeral services, which were attended by over 4,000 in his home church, the feeling of many was expressed by his close friend and fellow worker, Dr. Marion Law- rance, of Chicago, who said; "I do not know of any man who has been so well loved. He has been an inspiration to thousands, not only white people, but also to people with colored faces, in the South and in distant parts of the world. His greatest monument will be the Bushwick Avenue Church and the Sunday-school. Years hence thousands of boys and girls will stop him on the golden streets and say, 'If it had not been for you I would never have come here.' :,

OF RELIGIOUS BODIES IN THE UNITED STATES FOR

Complled by Dr. E. O. Watson ! Churches j Ministers) Members Total Anl't Raised ALL DENOMINATIONS •….••••..•.•••… 233,104 200,090 45,997,199 488,424,084 Adventists (5 bodies) •…….•…….•. I 2,889 1,927 136,233 7,055,047 Baptist Bodies, 8,566 1,253,878 15,551 3,199,005 21,926,143 Northern Bapt. Conv•…………… 8,409 19,423 3,116,325 34,881,032 Southern Bapt. Conv. . ………… . 27,444 4,877 266,042 3,500,000 491,359 Nat'l Bapt. Conv. (Col.) ……….. . 21,113 3,731 134,110 987 97,084 1,197,854 Other Baptists, (14 bodies) …… , .. . 4,908 197,723 453 25,920 Brethren, German Bapt. 5,665 819,225 426,896 6,010 1,210,023 21,233,412 (Dnnkers), (5 bodies) …………. . 1,274 411,054 11,165,391 413 160,000' Christian Ch. (Am. Chr. Conv.) …….. . 1,094 1,350 274,860 105,315 1,075 117,239 4,300,000 Churches of God in N. A., 1,348 400,000 4,086,013 587,918 1,493,853 General Eldership …………….. . 502 810 4,788,228 9,968 1,651,609 1,398,025 Congregational …………………… . 5,959 812,436 6,832 2,600 23,048,701 Disciples of Christ ……………….. . 8,964 3,009 91,282 10,712,409 Eastern Orthodox Churches (7 bodies) … . 407 12 9,600 1,487 1,339,037 Evangelieal Association .•…………… 1,850 85,934,000 Evan. Synod of N. A. . ……………. . 1;309 33,859,832 1,975,983 Friends (4 bodies) ………………. . 1,020 2,209,970 Jewish Congregations ……………… . 3,000 3,425,000 Latter Day Saints (2 bodies) ……….. . 1,925 784,746 Lutheran Bodies, 1,736,692 151,337 Nat'l Council (ass'n of 17 bodies) '" 11,037 332,338 Synod'l Conf. (5 bodies) ………. . 4,018 47,036,442 12,124,891 Independent …………………. . 13 6,537,525 Mennonites (16 bodies) ……………. . 963 682,312 Methodists, 34,873,221 460,283 White 4,029,963 Methodist Episcopal …………… . 26,713 18,643 3,938,655 5,433,663 7,842 2,346,067 Meth. Epis., Sonth …………….. . 17,251 1,020 119,122 2,254 178,275 75,368,294 Methodist Protestant ………….. . 2,5'00 87,186 1,500,000 Other Bodies (5) …………. . 2,242 6,089,326 1,946,458 Colored 1,069,075 7,387,573 African Meth. Epis. . ………….. . 6,900 6,550 551,766 3,962 412,328 .African M. E. Zion ……………. . 2,716 3,402 245,749 Colored Meth. Epis. . ………….. . 2,621 664 37,965 192 33,796 Other Bodies (6) ………………. . 466 Moravian (3 bodies) …………….. .. 151 Presbyterian Bodies, Presbyterian, U. S. A…… ' ……. . 9,842 9,979 1,722,361 2,026 397,058 Presbyterian, U. S…………….. . 3,475 63,924 749 160,528 Cumberland Presby. . …………. . 1,312 962 40,812 667 United Presby. Ch. of N. A. . ……. . 937 6,01l 1,104,029 13,022 Other Bodies (5) ……… , ……. . 399 75 Protestant Episcopal ………………. . 8,324 Reformed Episcopal Church ………… . 79 Reformed Bodies, Reformca Church in America ……. . 733 771 135,634 1,255 331,369 Reformed Church in the U. S……. . 1,736 196 43,902 Christian Reformed ……………. . 247 21,643 17,885,646 Roman Catholic Church ……………. . 16,580 3,728 45,969 505 Salvation Army ………………….. . 1,117 51,635 2,950 383,329 Unitarians ………………………. . 406 519 561 90,096 United Brethren (2 bodies) …………. . 3,815 58,566 9,470 880,689 United Evangelical Church …………. . 892 Universalists …………. , ………… . 650 Miscellaneous •. , .. , ….. , …….. , …. . 12,902 ADRERENTS OF RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 74,795,226 17,885,646 Protestant (three times Church Members) .,., ….. , ………………. . 1,600,000 Roman Catholic ……. ,.,., …….. , …… , ….. , …. , …………… . Jewish (four times heads of families) ……… , …………. , ……. ,. 411,054 Eastern Orthodox … , ……………. , …………….. , ….. , …….. , 1,646,170 Latter Day Saints (three times members reported) ….. , …. , ……….. .

Total estimated adherents .• , …. , ……… , …..•. ", …… ,',….. 96.338.096

OF BANDITS ON THE TIBETAN

Shelton of Batang A Murdered Missionary of the United Christian Missionary Society By ABRAM E. CORY, D.D., NEW YORK Author of "Out Where the World Begins," etc.

*From an editorial by George B. Vinton in the Clu-istian Advocate, "Hats -off to a Hero."

n . " ALBER'l' LEROY SHELTON is dead in far Sze-chuan-killed by bandits. So much the laconic cable tells. His daughters are in California. His wife is in India. Alone, with his face toward Tibet, that long sealed land which his scalpel had opened, he dies with his boots on. No soldier on the fields of Flanders went more unfalteringly to his end. He had a rendezvous with death. He had looked that 'cheap impostor' in the eye so often and so long that they were well acquainted. Incredible hardships already undergone had set their mark upon his powerful frame. As a physician he himself estimated that his remaining span was short. Yet he hoped to cheat death long enough to plant an outpost of the cross in Lhasa-the forbidden city. What an achievement that would have been I And now· to be thwarted of it by a stupid Chinese bandit!' '* In modern times the death of few men has been so widely noted as has the murder of Dr. Shelton. Such a life and such a death must have some reason back of it. If ever a man took his environment, heredity and training and gave it all to God that man was Albert 351

A VIEW' OF BATANG ON THE CHINESE BORDER OF TIBET.

~'", '"

Leroy Shelton. He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, on the ninth day of June, 1875. When he was five years old his parents moved to Kansas, where hewas reared in Bourbon, Harper and Grant counties. The life there was primitive and the boy drove oxen, killed ·rattlesnakes, gophers, ground squirrels, skunks, coyotes and jack rabbits. He attended the country school and the Teachers Normal Institute and when seventeen had his first experience in teaching. In 1895 he went to Emporia, Kansas, to continue his education and later wrote:t "When I reached Emporia I had $9.25. That lasted me for eight years. " Thus Albert Shelton's early life was primitive and was filled with hardships, but to some of his teachers he pays high tribute. Wliile still young he married Miss Flo Beal, of Parsons, Kansas, who taught school in order to make it possible for him to take a medical course. He helped to earn their support by tutoring and manual labor.

. While in medical school Shelton decided to be a missionary and so registered his intentions to the Foreign Christian Missionary Society. In 1903 he was appointed to China and when Mrs. Susie Rijnhart came home with her thrilling story of the death of her baby and the disappearance of her husband in Tibet, Dr. and Mrs. Shelton were asked to take up the work with Dr. Rijnhart in Eastern Tibet, the land on the roof of the world.t From the time Dr. Shelton landed in Batang he was atwork and performed a major operation two days after his arrival using a barn~ tIn bis book, uPioneerlng in Tibet..• . lDr. Shelton's article in the Au gust 1 921 number of the REVIEW g ives somethIng or hIs experiences In that land.

1922J SHELTON OF BATANG

BATANG–WHERE DR. SHELTON ESTABLISHED A MISSION.

door as an operating table. In the early years all of his operations were performed in the open in order that there should be no suspicion about what he was doing. He learI-ted to speak fluently both the Chinese and Tibetan languages among both peoples. His training had prepared him for the hardship of a pioneer, and as his parents had followed the motto of "Westward Ho," so the one passion of his consecrated life was" Onward for God. "

Dr. Shelton's large physique–his average weight was about 240 pounds-appealed to the primitive peoples among whom he lived. He chose the hard tasks and went forward with a rare courage. When a friend asked him if he was never afraid on his long, lonely trips, his reply was: "I am scared to death most of the time, "-but then he smiled his rare smile and said, "But anybody who follows the will of God will be scared because of the new paths they have to travel."

Shelton went to Batang, on the Tibetan border, to do everything that would open the "Great Closed Land" to God. As he realized that one of the most important requirements was a group of well trained consecrated colleagues, he selected the best men he could find to work with him at Batang and devoted much attention to plans for a station where the work should be well balanced. Early he realized the need of school work and industrial work, as well as the medical work, but the center of the whole was the evangelistic work. He insisted that everything that they did should have as its ultimate end to bring men to Jesus Christ.

Shelton was a great physician and ·surgeon. The hospital at 2

Batang will always stand as a monument, even as a piece of architecture built in the face of most trying conditions. In this hospital he and his associates tr2ated with great skill the Chinese and Tibetans who came, and won a wide reputation. But he was not satisfied to stay in the hospital, as calls for his services came from far and wide. The Chinese and Tibetans were continually fighting and first one side and 'then the other would call him to attend to their wounded. The story of operations performed in the open fields or in some dirty lamasery will forever be a part of the romance of modern medicine as well as of modern missions. He acted as a doctor, and as a peacemaker, not only in time of war, but among robber bands in time of peace. He fearlessly condemned brigandage but went to serve these lawless men DR. SHELTON AND MEMBERS OF HIS TIBETAN SUNDAY SCHOOL.

in order that he might impress upon them the spirit and message of Christ. Strangest of all were his calls to treat the lamas in their great lamaseries.

Dr. Shelton's medical ability made him even more effective as a preacher. A day or two before he sailed the first time for Tibet he was ordained as a preacher and few men ever preached so continuously and effectively. Mter the operations were over he would gather about him the priests and lamas and discuss their Buddist lore with which he was familiar. If he was with a robber band around their camp fire at night in one of the great mountain fastnesses, he would condemn their practice and then tell them the simple story of the sinless One who wanted to be their Saviour. Some of these robbers so much admired the strong missionary that they wanted to be a brother

SHELTON OF BATANG

to bim and one of them said: "Why not you and I be brothers 1" Shelton replied: ' ,You kill people; you rob; you drink whisky and do many other things that are against our religion. How can we be brothers?" The man was angry and said, "well what will your reli- gion allow you to do 1" Shelton replied: "The teachings of· Christ." Later this man brought a document to Shelton, which read: "In view of the fact that General Lozong (as he calls himself) and Dr. Shelton have taken an oath that they will not kill, that they will not drink whisky, etc., and they have decided to be brothers …… Furthermore, this it to give notice that if any of you ever molest Dr. Shelton I will bring a thousand men to wipe you off the face of the earth." A year and a half later Lozong wrote, "This is to inform you that I am strictly keeping my oath of a year and a half ago."

DR. SHELTON VISITING A TIBETAN LAMA OR "LIVING BUDDHA," IN THE MOUNTAINS.

On his long trips Dr. Shelton added much to his knowledge of that unknown country. He never went merely for the purpose of exploration but was always on the King's business. His extended trips and important reports have given him a prominent place in the geographical societies of the world. Through this channel he preached to the people at home the opportunities for God in Tibet.

The low plane of the life of the people greatly distressed him. In order to improve poor food one of the first things he did was to start a garden, with vegetables hitherto unfamiliar to Tibetans. He introduced alfalfa, and made nearly everything grow which he attemptedexcept the one thing of which he was most fond, namely, watermelon.

FEEDING THE HUNGRY OUTSIDE DR, SHELTON'S HOSPITAL. B!l-TANG, Every talent was used for God. As a marksman few men could surpass him. The Tibetans carry charm boxes to protect them, but he dispelled the'superstition by tying one of the charm boxes about a goat and killing the animal with an old Tibetan fire-arm.

Shelton was a man of laughter. When his friends affectionately called him" Fatty," he would relate some most serious thing in such a way as to show in the serious situations of life there was always a saving sense of humor. Before he went back to Tibet from his next to last furlough he said that what he wanted most was a mule. It was the writer's privilege to secure this treasure for him and it was his constant companion on many a journey. The accompanying picture has under it the inscription in Shelton '8 own hand writing, (t Her name is Abe."

As a friend Shelton will be long remembered by those who knew him. He was a beloved and loving friend to his colleagues, to the Christians of the Batang church, but most of all he was thankful that he had become friend to the robbers and to the lamas, his natural • enemies.

He endured trials as only a man of faith and a man of humor can endure them. For seventy-two days on his last journey home he was held for ransom by Yangtienfu, a bandit general in Western China. He so won the hearts of the members of this band that they offered him $12,000 a year to stay with them and be their chaplain.

DR. SHELTON ON HIS FAVORITE MULE-"HER NAME IS ABE."

The secret source of Dr: Shelton's life was prayer. When his little daughter came running to meet him after he was liberated her first words to her father were: "God does answer prayer, doesn't He?" and in Shelton's reply his whole life was speaking: "He sure does."

A noted surgeon in America told him he could remove the tumor that had come on his neck during his captivity, but that he could never go back to Tibet. Shelton smilingly replied, "Doctor it is your business to take this thing off, and it is my business to use my life as God directs." A premonition of the end seems to be revealed in his book, "Pioneering in Tibet," which is dedicated "To Those Who Died in the Fight," Dr. Rijnhart, Dr. Loftus and the children of the missionaries. It seems now to be his dedication of himself. In the last good-bye, to a friend, he said: "We will never meet again. If I come back you will be gone. If you are here I will be somewhere on the road to Lhasa."

Through the ministrations of a prominent lama he secured the consent of the Dalai Lama, himself, to go to Lhasa, and he put his heart, his soul, his all in that trip. On the way he was killed by Tibetan bandits as he was starting on that lonely pilgrimage. His martyr death is a challenge to the whole Church to go to Lhasa with the Gospel of God's love. Shelton's own words will forever challenge young men: "Let no young man think that it was a mistake to bury his particularly fine abilities in mission work in Asia; for it requires in the service of the Kingdom of God just as high an order of intel-

ligence, just as great concentration, just as fine tact, and just as much 'punch' as are required to run any great business concern. Come on, young men, and let's help to make the last nation on earth a part of the kingdom of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ."

Hermit Tibet, long considered an impossible country, has been opened by Dr. Shelton and his associates. The Doctor was not only a skilful man with his surgical instruments and a wise dispenser of medicine, but he was a fearless, rugged, Christlike soul whose strong faith and hearty goodwill toward all swept the prejudices of these crude but virile people aside and made them his friends.

THE OFFICIAL INVITATION OF THE DALAI LAMA TO DR. SHELTON TO VISIT LHASA.

Foreign missionary work is costly, especially in a land like Tibet. The eighteen years of service has resulted in building of a little congregation of about twenty-five baptized believers. Pioneering for Christ has always been hard. The first Latin missionaries who sought out our ancestors on the rough beaches of Southern England were rebuffed and some of them murdered, but they succeeded in establishing Christianity there.

So.Tibet must yield to Christ. The need, even from a physical viewpoint, is great. St. Louis has 2,500 doctors and less than 1,000,- 000 people. Tibet has one lone doctor and 4,000,000 people. The word of God comes to us: "Whom shall I send and who will go for us ~" Dr. Shelton breathed the spirit of his own life when he said: "COME ON 1 The long fight for Tibet has continued for many decades and will be carried on and on until at last it is His."

and Missions in India Today-II

BY ROBERT E. SPEER Dr. Speer has passed through Mesopotamia and Persia and is expected to reach America about the middle of May T HE problem is no simpler nor the difficulty less when one turns from personalities to policies. The program under which the nationalistic movement has been proceeding the past year was adopted at a special meeting of the Indian National Congress held in Calcutta in September, 1920. The Moderate party held entirely aloof from the Congress. They share fully in the present national spirit in India and in the desire for independence, but they want this independence within the Empire, and they were opposed to Mr. Gandhi's program. Many of Mr. Gandhi's own party were opposed to his recommendations, but nevertheless they prevailed. They called for the surrender of titles and government offices, the refusal to attend government functions, for the withdrawal of students from schools and colleges controlled or aided by the government, for the boycott of the courts by lawyers and litigants, for the refusal of military service in Mesopotamia, for abstention from candidacy or voting in connection with the political reforms, and they contemplated as further measures, not yet adopted, civil disobedience, the refusal to pay taxes, and the cessation of enlistment in the army and police. At the regular meeting of the Congress at Nagpur at the end of December 1920, in spite of many secessions and protests Mr. Gandhi's creed was reaffirmed, and Article 1 of the Constitution of the Congress as adopted iu 1908 was amended. It had read: "The objects of the Indian National Congress are the attainment by the people of India of a system of Government similar to that enjoyed by the self-governing members of the British Empire and a participation by them in the rights and responsibilities of the Empire on equal terms with those members. These objects are to be achieved by constitutional means by bringing about a steady reform of the existing system of administration and by promoting national unity, fostering public spirit and developing and organizing the intellectual, moral, economic, and industrial resources of the country."

This article was eliminated and new Article 1. is as follows: "The object of the Indian National Congress is the attainment of Swamj by the people of India by all legitimate and peaceful means."

Mr. Gandhi was clear in his teaching that the means used must be p~aceful, that the policy to be followed, as he repeatedly insisted, was to be one of "non-violent non-cooperation," that Indta must win its freedom not by physical force but by "soul force." He held that the real trouble with India was its "slave mentality," the harlotry of its spirit with Western civilization and modern educa- 3(;9

tion, that salvation was to be found in intellectual and economic self- sufficiency, that non-cooperation, though a negative term, covered a deeply positive policy, "a policy of self-reliance, self-purification, self-discipline, and self-realization." (Vaswani, "India in Chains.") It was pointed out by the Moderates and others who sympa- thized with a reasonable principle of swadeshi, or development of home industries, and who believed in Indian self-government and who approved of its achievement by the legitimate and peaceful means of constitutional agitation and parliamentary reform, that the methods which Mr. Gandhi was advocating, the definitions and the indefinitions which he was putting forward, the spirit that he was engendering, and the forces which he was releasing were rertain to play havoc with his principle of non-violence and to rob" soul force" of it~ spiritual power. The events of the year have proved that these forecasts were justified. In any other land than India the consequences might have been far more grave and disastrous; how grave and disastrous they have been even in India perhaps does not yet appear. It would seem, however, that the bonfires which have burned up foreign cloth in the name of swadeshi have burned up some other things as well. It has become clear, as Mr. Gandhi has sorrowfully acknowledged, that his name and the cause that he represents, in spite of the principle of non-violence, may be made to cover gross violence and wrong. Posters used in Lahore at the time of the outbreak in April, 1919, "called upon the brave people of the Panjab to enlist in the Danda Fauj and kill the English who were described as pigs, monkeys, and kafirs," and the same month posters were put up in Lyallpur in which '" Indians were called upon in the blessed name of Mahatma Gandhi to fight to the death against English cheats and to dishonor English women."

No one lamented such outrageous proceedings more than Mr. Gandhi. He denounced the "mobocracy" of his followers. On November 17th, when we were in Bombay on the day of the arrival of the Prince of Wales, riots were begun by men who call themselves Mr. Gandhi's followers and who wore the Gandhi caps and home spun cloth, and scores of lives were lost. Noone mourned this outbreak more deeply than Mr. Gandhi. But he has been warned again and again by his own countrymen and by those who have been among his closest followers that both the words he has been speaking and the principles he has been advocating were bound to result in bloodshed and violence. In a pamphlet entitled "Mr. Gandhi in the Light of Truth," Mr. Agnihotri wrote last November: "Alas he is unable to see that the abominable and very horrible fire of race hatred which he …… is kindling into flame, will surely bring great havoc in India of which the riots that have hitherto occurred are but only forerunners. It appears however that he himself is not altogether unaware of this, and he is n()t at all anxious to avoid violence in future. For the fol-

POLITICS AND MISSIONS IN INDIA TODAY

lowing significant lines appeared lately in his own journal called Young India over his familiar initials M. K. G.: "We must be serupulously truthful to our pledge. We can succeed beyond all expectation only if we remain. non-violent in thought, word, and deed. It need not be our final creed, but it must be our present creed for the attainment of our goal." (Tribune, 17th July, 1921.) "Again Mr. Gandhi said in his Young India: "I can clearly see the time coming to me when I must refuse obedience to every single state-made law, even though there may be a certainty of bloodshed." (Vide1ndian Mirror, August, 1921.) "Do not Mr. Gandhi's words that have been italicised by me, give sufficient ground to strongly suspeet that the creed of non-violence of which so much fuss is being made by non-cooperators, is only a temporary political ruse, as long as they are weak in physical force, but as soon as they get the required physical force, they will become ready 1,0 wade through blood to attain their goal of worldly Raj and power, and it can not long remain Nonviolent non-cooperation. "

Mrs. Annie Besant, who for years had been almost as conspicuous a figure in the National Congress as Mr. Gandhi has become wrote when at last the Government felt that it was forced to take action to check the disorderly forces released by Mr. Gandhi's policy: "Many have been blaming the Government of India for a policy of drastic repression which has not only been unduly severe but leads nowhere. Such censure ignores the fact that the policy of Mr. Gandhi has been deliberately and intentionally provocative, and that defiance of the law for the mere sake of defiance encourages a spirit of lawlessness among the ignorant and criminal classes which strikes at the very foundations of society. If the present Government permitted this to continue unchecked they would bequeath to their Indian successors the painful task of reducing to order the chaos they had permitted, instead of handing over to them a well-ordered and law-abiding people …… The whole responsibility, therefore, now rests on Mr. Gandhi and the non-cooperators, for the Government cannot remain quiescent in the presence of intimidation and the paralyzing of the peaceful life of the community…… He might have restored peace to the country and ensured constitutional progress. He has chosen the path of law-breakinJ! and revolution, which can only lead to bloodshed and anarchy."

There are those who think that Mr. Gandhi's eyes are wide open in this matter and who believe that the creed of non-violence is not a creed of conviction and principle. The leading Indian in Western India told me that Mr. Gandhi had said to him, "If I had arms, I would use them." But I believe that the true Gandhi does not want violence and could count it a great triumph to lead India along peaceful ways to swamj. But one difficulty is that swamj is still undefined or was so at the time we left India. And another is that the forces which appear to be united under his leadership are not united on the principle of non-violence. The last newspaper which we saw before leaving India, The Bombay GhronicOe of December 27, 1921, contained significant statements on both these points in its report of the India National Congress just beginning its sessions in Mr. Gandhi's home city of Ahmedabad:

"At five this evening, the All-India Congress Committee adjourned till Tuesday morning without making any appreciable progress in connection with the main resolution which alone was discussed today …… Almost from the beginning, Maulana Hasrat Mohani, President-elect of the All-India Moslem League led the opposition demanding deletion from the resolution of those phrases which excluded the possibility of resort to violence. or even the thought of it, so long as the pledge of non-violence was in force. Mr. Hasrat Mohani emnhasized that as Islam allowed him to take to violence he did not want the door closed against him by insertion of the phrase which said that non-violence alone could help them to achieve their end. On its beiug pointed out that his contention indirectly involved a change in the Congress creed the Maulana observed that he already intended to move in the open Congress for such a change …… Moulana Hasrat Mohim is a recognized leader of the minority which counts among its ranks not only some staunch Mussulmans but several equally staunch Hindus . . . . . . Another resolution defines the meaning of Swamj, and declares that in the event of the British people making common cause with the people of India, in securing the redress of the Khilafat and Panjab wrongs, the Congress has no desire to declare complete independence, but in the event of the British people and Government remaining: hostile to the Khilafat and not making full reparation for the Panjab wrongs. the Congress will strive to sever all connection with England and declare complete independence. The Congress declares its irrevocable decision not to enter into any compromise or settlement with Government about Swaraj without the settlement of the Khilafat Question. Another resolution congratulates Ghazi Mustafa Kemal and the Turks on their success and assures the Turkish nation of India's sympathy and support in its struggle to retain its status and independence."

Often in talking with educated Indians we told them that the two things that it was most difficult for Americans to understand in the present-day thought of India were the Hindu idea of the sacredness of the cow and the Khilafat movement. with its anxiety for the restoration and preservation of Turkey. Regarding the sacredness of the cow I shall speak later in a letter on "Present Religious Conditions in India." With regard to the Khilafat agitation it is exceedingly difficult to determine how much of it is genuine and how much of it is nothing but a political agitation used to embarrass the Government and to furnish nourishment for the program of Hindu- Moslem unity. The undeniable history and nature of Turkish gov- ernment, the oppression and massacre of its Christian subjects, the fictitious character of its religious pretensions-these are so indis- putable and so notorious that it is hard to see how intelligent Indians can maintain the agitation without a blush or at least without a smile.

When I asked for an explanation from one exceedingly able Hindu lawyer, he replied that he felt about the matter just as we did, and that if things were settled in this world on a basis of righteousness. the Turkish government would not be endured, but they are not settled on this basis but on a basis of expediency.

India saw this with perfect clearness and intended to use the leverage that the Turkish situation gave it to put pressure upon the British Government in India. And they have done SO with great

success, as witness the actions of the Government of India in response to the Khilafat demands, the answers of the Government of Great Britain both to these demands and to the Government of India in con- nection with them, and such statements as Sir Theodore Morrison's letter in the London Times and the editorial which accompanied its re-publication in the Times of India of December 23rd. .And without one word regarding the history and character of Turkish rule or her deliberate murder of her Christian people, the Indian Nationalist organ in Bombay calmly demands the immediate and unconditional restoration of Constantinople and the full and undiscussable recog- nition of Khilafat claims. .And the Indian National Congress will have no freedom for India that is not preceded by the freedom of Turkey. It is not to be wondered at that there are many Christians in India who look with misgiving upon such a. swaraj, nor is it sur- prising that many Hindus look with amazement upon such an alliance.

If this unity of Hindus and Mohammedans were real it would have tremendous significance for the history of religion and for the missionary enterprise and the Christian Church in India. It is cer- tainly not real. Not one of all the men with whom We talked who could be thought of as taking a detached view of Indian conditions believed in the reality of it. One of the ablest Hindus said quite bluntly: "I don't believe in this idea of Mohammedan democracy or brotherhood at all. There is no democracy whatever in Islam out- side of the mosque."

"Hindu-Moslem unity," said one of the ablest Mohammedan Christians in India, "will not last one day after the attainment of swaraj." , .

These were no doubt both over-emphatic statements. .All over India there were religious clashes between the Hindus and the Mo- hammedans in 1919, and while there have been many honest and laudable efforts to draw the two communities together and while they must learn to live together in a free India, they are bound together now by a negative hostility alone and by none of the positive unifying influences without which the attainment of Mr. Gandhi's swaraj will bring disaster to both of them.

There are many other elements in the political situation in India which have their bearing upon the problem of the Church and the missions, but this discussion has already reached undue limits and has perhaps gone beyond the ordinary bounds of such a report as this. We shall certainly be asked, however, several questions which missionaries and Indian Christians are asking themselves in India.

1. What is the B1"itish Government intending to do?

The Secretary of State for India said very clearly in Parliament that the Government intends to go forward with the' present reform

scheme in the orderly developmen.t of self-government for India within the Empire, and although one hears British officials in India speak as though something more radical than this is to be expected and although people wondered in India what could be the meaning of the Prince of Wales' visit if he were not coming to offer India something more than had been promised or to offer it more expedi- tiously, nevertheless the official utterance both at home and in India has been clear. Whatever course others may take it is within the bounds of that utterance that the Church and the Missions should do their thinking and plan their work. If the British Government of India were an oppressive tyranny or if it were resisting the legiti- mate aspirations of the people, the problem of the Indian Church would be different, but while the Government may have been paternal- istic and dilatory in its past recognition and development of Indian autonomy, it is seeking now with the highest conscience and with a changed attitude of mind which is as wonderful as it must have been psychologically difficult, to abandon once for aU, as Lord Chelmsford said, the old principle of autocracy and to replace British rule by Indian rule.

n would be a great day for India if the forces which Mr. Gandhi leads should cordially give themselves to the speedy working out of this problem and ilbandon the agitation of hatred and separatism, and forego the substitution of exceptional grievances or mistakes or fabricated agitations like Hindu-Moslem unity in the Khilafat move- ment for the steady processes of justice and freedom which are under way. Americans are estopped by the facts of their own national his- tory from denying the right of revolution, but they have learned from their own national history also how much Wlser are the cant structive processes of justice and brotherhood than the upheaval and ruin of civil war.

~. Is India ready for self-government?

'1'he conviction of India and the policy of the British Govern- ment agree that she is ready for a larger measure of self-government man she has had. The National Congress claims that she is ready IOT complete self-government at once. 'l'he student class take the lSame VHiW. In one sense their position is the right one. It is a bad thing for a nation to be told or to tell itself that it is not capable of self-government. With all the excesses of thought and language which ever accompany in history such nationalistic movements as this one that is now going on in India, one nevertheless rejoices in the upheaval, and he is sorry to hear Indians speak of their" slave mentality," their "race servility," their "political impotence." These certainly are not self-respecting tennIS.

What one wants to see is just what is going on mside the Chris- tian Church in India. Here, with far lesB to be regretted than is to

19221 POLITIC& AND MISSIONS IN INDIA TODAY

be found in politics, men are setting themselves to the building in Indian life of those qualities of character and those conceptions of human relationships on which alone a true and free state can be built. Here they are seeking to achieve the unity which has never existed in India and without which there can not be a: united national life in India. ! know that there are those who in the interests of this national-life are glorifying India's past and discovering there a unity which they think will suffice for India's present need. They are mistaken. There never was such a unity in India, and there is not now a unity that can stand tho strain of a modern solidified nationality. The great body of Indian people deride the idea, but it is a fact nevertheless which they might learn from a book which many of them are fond of quoting, Sir John Seely's "The Expansion of England," that India is not united and that neither Hinduism nor Mohammedanism will ever unite her and that Christianity can.

3. Will the future 1tntotd ~n peace or will there be r-evotutWro and warr One hears this question answered in both ways. It will be enough to give the reasons which we heard in India for the hopeful view.

(a) The responsible men in India are preparing not for anarchy but for order and progress. The number of people who would profit temporarily by a re-distribution of wealth in India is enormous, but those who possess wealth are not in fear of any such upheaval. In spite of Mr. Gandhi's denunciation of machinery and industry, Indians are buying up all the capital stock they can in British mills and are founding constantly new enterprises of their own. In city after city they are buying land and building new homes of the most modern type. Government loans are oversubscribed at once. Land owners whose titles run from the British Government in India instead of getting rid of such property because of its insecurity are eager to acquire more. The National Congress in September, 1920, called for the surrender of all titles and government offices. Out of an approximate total of 5,000 title holders, up to February, 1921, titles had been surrendered by twenty-one. In one large city we were .:I.ccidentally caught in the midst of a great mass of people in the main street of the city on the great day of the Ramalila festival. We were able barely to make our way through the crowd to the police station. On either side of our car gangs of young men wearing Gandhi caps and carrying lathies were shouting, "Mahatma Gandhi ki ji" (Victory to Saint Gandhi), while others answered back, "Angrezon ki chhai" (Destruction to the English). I asked the Deputy Superintendent of Police, as we watched the Ramalila procession go by with its floats on which there were cauldrons burning foreign cloth and representations of General Dyer with bloody victims lying before him at Amritsar, and of the Ali brothers in an

iron cage, and of Mr. Gandhi proclaiming swamj, whether trouble would not come from all this. "No," he said, "this is an escape valve. The responsible men are not doing this. We see the mail, and we know that the really responsible people of India who have property investment in the country at stake are not financing dis- order." Perhaps he was over-optimistic, but it is certainly true that the economic forces of India are expecting not anarchy but peace.

(b) " No," we were told again and again, "India is not a land of violence. The Indian people are a mild and peace loving people."

Perhaps such views forget too much, including Nana Sahib and the Rani of Jhansi, but they are certainly true of the Indian people as a whole. The report of the Government of India on the disturbances in the Panjab in the spring of 1919 states that "it must not be for- gotten that the loyalty of India as a whole remained unshaken, and that eyen in the Panjab the bulk of the population maintained its reputation and did not fall a victim to the infection which so dis- astrously affected a portion of it ….. the vast rural tract in the five districts concerned having remained tranquil and loyaL" Even the shouting crowds seemed to be acting more in sport than in anger al- though no doubt a fanatic might throw a match into such powder with disaster, as happened in the riots among "the hooligans of Bombay,"

as Mr. Gandhi called them. But certainly the great mass of simple village people in India, making up eighty-five per cent of the popula- tion, are not people of violence, and they know of no quarrel which they have with the Government. No doubt they have been deeply affected by Mr. Gandhi's campaign.

(c) "There will undoubtedly be disturbances," said the British Resident in one of the Native States, "but it will be sporadic and the Government will be able to suppress it in one section before it emerges in another, and in the end the transition will be peacefully made." This has been true of the situation thus far. It seems likely to continue to be true, if the army and the police remain loyal. Some say that they will not, especially the police. Others declare that they will. And it is always to be remembered that one-third of India is made up of Native States and that one-fourth of the population of India lives in these States, and that for various reasons these States are dead set against the Nationalistic movement. Mr. Gandhi would not be allowed to set foot in some of them, and even the white home- spun caps which bear his name are forbidden. .

(d) Ideals of justice and right are abroad in India. It is in their name that, justly or unjustly, the new movements in India are proceeding. Surely they will prevail in India, and the new day dawn in peace. And yet this whole view may be proved false before this letter reaches America.

a Century of the McAll

BY REV. GEORGE T. BERRY, NEW YORK American Secretary of the MeAn Mission .

F RANCE,' like all the nations of the world, can continue in strength in the centuries to come only as she draws her life from the sole Fountain of perpetual youth, humanity's spiritual springs. The only hope for the world today and for France, in particular, is the actual putting of Christianity into practice. The practical problem upon the solution of which this hope depends is how to make Christianity function.

Fifty years ago, an obscure French working-man, surfeited with ecclesiasticism, asked Robert W. McAll to come to France and preach a "Gospel of Reality. " The world has not witnessed a more concrete and effective application of the teachings of Jesus to human needs than in the developments during the past half-century of La Mission Populaire Evangelique de France, popularly known as "The McAll Mission."

Beginning in the humblest way in simple mission halls the work launched by Dr. McAll has today anchored itself down in strategic centers throughout France. Never has the original purpose to answer that obscure working-man's request been lost sight ofl With flexibility the mission has adapted itself to changing conditions of thought and life and, by "becoming all things to all men," has maintained the constant lure of the Christ. In other words, the declaration of God's love has been carried out in practical demonstrations which have made men realize that the spirit of Jesus is a spirit to which no human need is alien. A visit to one of the Mission's big brotherhood centers would reveal twenty-five or thirty vigorous organizations all pulsating with one supreme ideal and touching the lives of men, women and children at every possible point. The confused working-man, tempted to sidetrack his intelligence into the ways of anarchy or bolshevism, finds counsel and suggestion which re-echo the words of the Sermon on the Mount and land a sane man in the Kingdom of God. The war widow, struggling to maintain her undernourished fatherless children, learns that her very condition gives her a new claim on God, who is the" God of the widow." The little child is taken in the lap of the trained nurse, who is also an evangelist, and through her ministry both in the dispensary and in the child's home becomes one of those little ones of whom is the Kingdom of Henven. In Bible-schools, in temperance classes, in Boy Scout troops, in gymnastic and hygienic training, the childhood and young womanhood and young manhood of post-war France is being 367

daily raised to a new ideal of self-respect and mutual respect and gradually drawn into the group who have made Christ Master and Lord.

To tell the full story of the past fifty years would call for a large volume and even then the story would be written only in outline. The outstanding facts in the Mission's achievements are: A better acquaintance with the Christ of the New Testament on the part of millions. Nearly a million people, chiefly among the peasantry, have heard the story of God's love on board the chapelboats alone.

The education of hundreds of French pastors, who have participated in the Mission's preaching services, in evangelical ideals. A score of the ministers of today confess that it was Dr. McAll's influence which led them into the ministry.

The addition of new members to churches in every city in which the Mission has or has had halls.

The gift to French Protestantism of several new churches. The provision of pastoral clinics for theological students, many of whom have begun their experience as preachers in the Mission's establishments. Great potential force awakened in the Protestant laity who have come to understand the meaning of practical Christian service. The work among children has created in the present generation a new type of Christian manhood and womanhood. A score of foreign missionaries are in their fields of labor today as one of the immediate contributions of the Mission to the extension of Christianity. Interest in the welfare of industrial workers has awakened a new sense of responsibility in many French captains of industry and has set new aims of honor and energy among those who stand behind Counters and before" machines. Important temperance work among adults and children. The Boy Scout movement adopted by the Mission has produced results that are beyond calculation in the transformation of the street arabs, many of whom have become permanently attached to Christ. The war proved to be one of the Mission's supreme opportunities to get close to the women and children by the relief and orphan work in the spirit of Christ. Summer colonies for the boys and girls of the Bible-schools had already begun to be realized before the war. Today, "family" life on a large scale, as children from the different stations go with their teachers for two months at a time into the country, is proving to be of immeasurable value both for body and soul to hundr~ds of children. Many of them come home "born again," and with a spirit of apostleship toward their own families which often means entirely transformed homes.

HALF A CENTURY OF THE McALL MISSION

Thus within the limitations of its resources the McAll Mission is seeking to answer its own prayer, "Thy Kingdom come on earth," or as it was put recently by a former McAll worker in Paris, today one of the leaders of American art, the Mission's aim is to make men realize that only when a community is good enough for all to live in is it good enough for the individual to live in.

France fifty years from now will be the direct descendant of the France of 1922. The Paris Committee, since the end of the war, has been busy filling vacant places in its working-staff; in restoring and enlarging its injured or destroyed properties in the North, as at Lille, St. Quentin and Amiens; in gathering students into the school for young evangelists; in founding a home for destitute orphans; in attracting working-girls in Paris by means of a cafeteria; in setting the chapel-boats again under way along the rivers and canals and, perhaps most important of all, in conjunction with the Societe Centrale, and under the direction of one of the most eloquent sons of the Mission, in conducting a Gospel propaganda, whose purpose is to organize the old Huguenot churches for specific Christian service.

Letters from the Mission's director declare: "Never has the attitude of the people at large been so propitious for the proclamation ofthe Gospel."

That the original spirit and purpose oUhe Mission are unchanged is shown by the words of its present director, Pastor Henri Guex, a member of the Evangelical Reformed Church. "To lead the adults to Christ, to introduce them to the church, to help the young in their daily conflict against impurity and vice, such has been our happy work. May we labor in the strength of the Spirit, in the power of God, in the joy of salvation. Thus in France too the 'desert shall blossom as the rose. "

The most encouraging prospect is with the young. In the Sunday and Thursday schools boys and girls are getting a thorough knowledge of the Bible and are coming into personal relation with Jesus Christ. But the men and women of France are also being reached in every possible way, and today as in Dr. McAll's time there are" redoubled evidences of the Holy Spirit's power."

Supported by auxiliaries and individual friends in France, Rwitzerland, Belgium, Great Britain, Canada and even receiving gifts from as far away as Australia, the Mission's chief support is today supplied by the American McAll Association, incorporated in 1883. In the last fifteen years American Christians have contributed over a million dollars to the Mission's treasury.

At present there is being raised for the Jubilee celebration in Paris in June a special fund of $50,000, named the Ellen B. Parkhurst Memorial, in memory of the late Mrs. Charles H. Parkhurst, who for twenty-nine years was the devoted president of the American McAlI Association. The purpose of this fund is to supplement the year's 3

uudget, in order to enable the Mission to make its present organization function more effectively, and to place it in a position to take advantage of some of the exceptional invitations to evangelization which have sprung from the war.

France is at the center of Europe. Her mandatories and spheres of influence are enormous, and her colonial territories in Africa and Indo-China are equally important. These people can only be reached for Jesus Christ by strengthening the hands of the Christians of France, and the success of their missionary efforts is beyond dispute. One of the new pastors of St. Quentin, M. Jacques Pannier, estimates that more than one-fourth of the membership of his church heard and accepted the Gospel through the McAll Mission.

One story, of unusual import, in the work of the McAll Mission is that of the conversion and subsequent history of a man still living and still preaching-Rev. Fred Christol. In the late seventies Mr. Christol was a student at the Beaux Arts. He was a thoughtful young man Who had renounced ecclesiasticism and had become a freethinker. In one of the McAll halls in Paris his attention was riveted . upon the teaching of the New Testament and he became an enthusiastic student of the Bible and later a follower of Christ. He determined to go out to preach the Gospel in His name and following a theological course he went with his wife to Basutoland where for more than twenty years he worked among the dark-skinned natives. Of his six children four are now in the mission field and at a recent gathering of the missionary committees in Paris M. Frank Christol, one of the sons, now a missionary at Cameroun, portrayed the needs of his field of labor calling upon his fellow Christians to aid him in the menacing struggle against Islam in the Cameroun country. This is only one of the results of Dr. McAll's decision to uproot himself from a pleasant English pastorate in order to become a missionary to the people of France.

LEVIS AND HER INDIAN WORKERS READY FOR AN EMERGENCY

Life of a Lady Doctor in India BRIGHT BI'l'S FROM THE LETTERS OF DR. ELIZABETH G. LEWIS; Selected by Mrs. George A. Paull, Bloomfield, New Jersey " IT'S just heaps of fun to be a missionary in India. We wouldn't go back for 'keeps '-not even if you sent a special car for us. Thanks for your prayers. I wonder if that is what makes me so full of joy. I really pity people who can't come to India as missionaries. It is simply great and gets better every minute. "

This brief extract from one of the bright letters of Dr. Elizabeth G. Lewis, a Presbyterian medical missionary in India, leads one to ask-is the art of letter writing one of the numerous gifts which a mortal should possess to be a successful missionary7 Certainly an observing eye, an understanding heart, a keen sense of humor, a radiant faith and a writer's ability are invaluable assets in keeping alive the missionary interest in the home church.

This happy combination together with a physician's skill is the possession of a clever little doctor who has been in charge of the Presbyterian Hospital at Ambala City in the Punjab and who has recently gone to the Memorial Hospital in Fatehgarh. Elizabeth G. Lewis is a Californian girl, a graduate of the State University and Medical School who sailed for India in August, 1915. The description of her given to the Eastern church that undertook her support without opportunity for meeting her, described the «lew mission- sn

ary as "strong, self-reliant, spiritual, refilled, with high intellectual power; possessing executive ability and fertility of resource to a marked degree. She is energetic and always appears calm and cheerful."

The letters that came from the field soon stirred the home church with keen interest as they saw through the eyes of their wide-awake and thoroughly human young representative.

The new arrival in India, eager to learn all about the customs, the history and traditions of this strange land, experienced many a ~hrill in visiting buildings erected centuries before the birth of Christ. In her mission station she threw herself energetically into the study of Urdu and helped whenever possible in the Ludhiana hospital and Sunday-school. In one of her early letters she writes: "The traditional India consists, does it not, of coral strands, cobras, maneating tigers, jungles, and starving millions f The India where I am (in Ludhiana) can boast neither snakes, tigers nor jungles, but we do have dust and dirt and fleas and mud houses, vast bare plains and half-dressed children fairly well fed and just heaps and heaps of ~urious things which are everyday things here. But in spite of fleas, dirt and poverty, in the bazaars and streets where people flock together, whether Hindu, Mohammedan or Christian, I am able to see much human kindness. The mothers and fathers love their babies passionately. Some horses are beaten, some children are unloved and there is much of evil but if you give a smile you usually get one in return.

r am very happy here and am looking forward with great joy to larger duties .

as soon as the Urdu language is mastered. I shall have constantly in mind you dear people, who, for the love of Christ and in memory of their pastor who has gone before, are making it possible for me to be here. I shall depend upon your prayers."

Is a missionary a fully developed saint, several degrees removed from ordinary humans or does she have virtues mingled with failings and does she need to grow in grace the same as those who work at horneT The missionary doctor frankly confesses: "Please don't think I am better than I am, for I am really a most ordinary person. I'll tell you the truth, when I left A.merica, I didn't really know whether my heart could be in real mission work or not. I knew I could do medical work but I couldn't get up much enthusiasm about saving souls. But I've been asking God to help me and to make His plans a little clearer for me, to let me see what Christ has done for India, and to feel India's need. I am asking daily that I may love these people. In a most wonderful way, I think God is leading me into the work and I am beginning to care a great deal and to feel about individuals that they just must know Ohrist."

A. year later she writes: "Operations are tremendously interesting but there are many things more important in mission work, though I wouldn't have said that a year ago, I fear."

The first Christmas came in the strange land far away from home. Her ~tters reflect the feelings of the new missionary who says

LIFE OF A LADY DOCTOR IN INDIA .373

that they "had just as good a time as at home-except, of course, for missing the family." The holidays were spent at J agroon, at Miss Helm's school of thirty lively, small boys. She writes: A II branch from an old pine tree with exactly twenty-four can- dles tied on with string, and long popcorn chains made a very pre- sentable Christmas tree in the courtyard. The only disadvantage was the occasional burning of string and the descent of a candle- spattering many a little brown up-turned face. But what harm was a little burn, when there were dolls, harmonicas, pencil-boxes and picture-books and bags of popcorn, nuts and sweets. All these beau- tiful gifts had come from America, in a most wonderful Christmas box filled with all the things that boys and girls love and sent by INSIDE OOUR1' YARD OF THE HOSPITAL AT AMBALA OITY.

a friend of the feacher. Its arrival brought happiness to the entire station. "

On Christmas eve, the doctor and two teachers gave a jolly dinner for twelve, a dinner as near like home as possible, with roast goose and plum pudding. On Christmas morning came the presentation of Indian sweets "wonderful and awful" by the servants, a crowded church service and later a dinner given by the missionaries to the servants.

In the spring the missionary's further education took the form of a camping trip around Sahaninpur with Miss Morris, another missionary doctor "many years in India, who speaks Urdu like a native and eats Hindustani food witI1 her Bible women." ViTith tents, oxen, servants, and two Bible women, they moved from village to village, spending a few days in each, teaching and giving medical aid. The doctor enjoyed "the clear, cool nights and the glorious mornings when the mango trees were alive with bright, singing

birds," and the village people when they would gather and listen in rapt attention to Miss Morris and join in the singing, but she didn't enjoy "the flies that swarm everywhere on food, our clothes; every baby with sore eyes and dirty mouth, black with flies; the dirty gar- ments of the villagers, the dirty faces, dirt everywhere 1 The village street a litter of rubbish and flies; a quagmire of dirt around each well; absolutely no sanitary provisions of any kind. Only the hot sun saves India from an early grave. Fully half the sickness I saw was due solely to filth and there is so much of it that you feel like picking up your skirts and running away. The medical work done on an itin- erating trip is most unsatisfactory. I was able to see each patient but once or possibly twice and never knew whether they took my medicine or threw it away. My one desire was to give every man, woman, and child a hot antiseptic bath, while all lcould do was to scrub one place clean, apply ointment and know it would be black again with flies in five minutes. I am glad to be able to look forward to hospital work next year; there at least, one can do properly the thing necessary to be done."

. The first summer in India is spent by new recruits in hard study at a language sehool at Landour. Dr. Lewis gives this picture: "Landour is a hill station, where many missions of different denominations send their workers for the summer. You can meet all the letters of the alphabet just on one afternoon's walk-A.P.M. ; u.P.s; A.M.M.s; C.M.S.s; A.C.I.s; etc., etc."

To promote acquaintance and fellowship among these workers from various parts of India, the Californian girl with others, hired a comfortable house in a woodsy spot, giving an invitation for the week-end to all who would come. A jolly party of over forty enthusiastically responded and many college stunts helped to make a good time during this brief period of rest and study. They went on tramps, sang with the moonlight falling upon the wonderful Himalayan snows or with the shadows deepening among the canyons. This was a glorious world with much hea1thful enjoyment, but the sick folk down in the heat of the plains called her and she was glad to go to them and to her examinations.

Among the instructors was a young Mohammedan whose religious conflict appealed to his pupil. She writes again: "Nazir A-, who is about twenty-one years old, has been attending the Christian College at Lahore. His father is sending him to a Mohammedan college next year for fear that he may become a Chris- tian. No college boy in the United States is more attractive. He is keen to catch an American joke, reads and enjoys 'Kim,' 'T. Tembarom,' and Dr. Fosdick's 'The Meaning of Prayer.' He is on the strug- gling line between Christianity, including poverty, loss of family and friends, and Mohammedanism with wealth and position. One day he said to Dr. Griswold, 'I know how much Christ suffered for us but do

LIFE OF A LADY DOCTOR IN INDIA

you think that He could care very much if one man who loves Him in his heart does not confess Him openly7'

"There are many asking the same question, and it is almost impossible for us who have been born and raised in a Christian land to understand the agony of conflict and the amount of suffering that confessing Christ publicly brings to one in India. Many an old Mohammedan would prefer to see his son dead than a Christian and many sons who have become interested in Christianity have died suddenly from unknown causes."

Dr. Lewis was assigned to the Frances Newton Hospital at Ferozepur, as assistant physician and to become the head when Dr. Maud Allen took a much needed furolugh. The physician at the hospital wrote that she had sprained her ankle while her assistant was on her vacation. The matron had left for a more lucrative government position and Dr. Allen had been two months alone when Dr. Lewis came with her youth, energy, cheerfulness and consecration. She did most of the dispensary work after a couple of months, while Dr. Allen did most of the outside work. The hospital is a small, one-story building, like other houses in India, built around a courtyard with a connecting veranda. This is how it impressed the doctor with American hospitals in her mind.

"Bare, brick floors, whitewashed walls, high, black wainscoting, beds minus sheets with a grey blanket or red comforts; no running water or bathrooms; lamps or lanterns for lighting; one small stove to supply heat, and flies everywhere. The people, even the missionaries, have not the 'Swat the fly' habit. If we put on screens, it may not be possible to keep the flies out as every patient swarms with them and would carry them in. When I settle the fly proposition, I'll tell you how it was done.

"The day here begins with Bible study and prayer. Then the doctor makes the rounds, giving orders for the in-patients and writing prescriptions. During this time, a Biblewoman is talking to the out-patients in the waiting room. These women are Mohammedan, Hindu, Sikh, low-caste women, and sometimes English patients. The children are often in a pitiful condition. A baby was brought in with maggots in her ear. They don't know how to feed the children so that they go on for months with fever. The neighbors will say that some one has cast an evil eye on the baby or that the shadow of a woman who has lost a child has fallen on the sick child. "

Besides the dispensary work the. doctor is called to the city and cantonments, and to towns and villages all over the district. Sometimes she must stay all night and have breakfast or dinner with the native family. With characteristic common sense Dr. Lewis soon realized that patients would never venture to a place where bathing was insisted upon. She writes:

"At present, you are obliged to be careful how you handle your patients. It is really more difficult than managing a neurasthenic society dame. I had a patient leap off the examining table in great alarm when I took out my fountain pen to write a prescription.: My stethoscope is often viewed with much suspicion and if you want to make a blood-test you must handle your patient just right or off she goes. But how they change in the hospital; after an operation they and the doctor are friends.

"The most worthwhile things we are doing cannot be told because they concern heart-searchings and heart-changes. The patients are so helpless and so ignorant. Each is expected to pay two pice (about one cent gold) for medicine and usually we receive one rupee (thirty cents) for an operation. Often they bring extras as gifts thinking we must be bribed to do good work. – "It is glorious to watch the spiritual development. Great changes come slowly but they come. I am to have a helpful, capable nurse, a Mohammedan convert, who at first used to weep half the time, fly into a rage at the slightest rebuke, stole and did other unwise acts.

"The sais has just told me the cheering news, that the horse's house has fallen in. These mud houses go to pieces in a heavy rain and I am continually repairing them. Surely the rain will stop soon, and then how lovely it will be-only the fever will be worse and it is bad enough now."

The plucky note sounds out in the doctor's letters as she writes of the two months alone at the station: "It is awful to eat alone, day after day, but not as bad in reality as in contemplation. Here's my sympathy to all Miss Sahibs who have to live alone."

On the doctor's second Christmas in India, she gave to all the patients and their families, the nurses and missionaries a happy time the day before with a tree bearing bright colored bags of sweets and nuts, before daylight on Christmas morning the nurses began to sing anthems and Dr. Lewis joined them. In thc midst of joyous song word came that a baby for whose life the doctor had been fighting for three days had succumbed in the night. She felt crushed and defeated, and writes that she went back to her room and wept, the first time since coming to India. "It may be wonderful to cure -the sick but it isn't especially thrilling to see them die and not be able to help it. When Christians know the pain of parting, think what it must be to be an unbeliever!"

(To be concluded).

Opposition in Brazil*

The Story of an Attack on the Evangelical Church in the Town of Apparecida BY REV. ANDRE JENSEN, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL NOTE :-The town of Apparecida is situated on the main railroad between Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. The name means" who appeared" and refers to "Our Lady Who Appeared." Years ago a wooden image was discovered in this locality. My father who had seen it told me that it is black and dressed in vestments that are not only gorgeous but very expensive. The one which he saw was said to be worth at least $100,000 gold. The image was taken by the priests and a shrine built to house it. The story of its apparition from heaven soon spread and drew many pilgrims to its worship. Every year tens of thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands, of people from all over Brazil come to worship. The town has sprung up around it to care for these pil- grims and to live on their spending. Dr. George W. Chamberlain, probably the best known missionary who has ever worked in Brazil, told me that he had heard from intelligent men in the community that the image was simply a piece of wood that had been carved by a negro and then used to keep the birds away from· his rice plantation. A flood carried it away and before long it was the object of men's worship. GEORGE C. LENINGTON.

T HROUGH the grace of God I was able, on the first evangel- . istic visit to the town of Apparecida do Norte on October 9th, . 1921, to gather together a group of believers in the Gospel.

Therefore I determined to establish a settled work. Through the kindness of the Heavenly ]~ather I was offered an excellent building and money for the necessary equipment.

Elder Eugenio Facchini, of Sao Paulo, bought this property for seven contos of reis. After taking all necessary legal steps, he sent the key to me in Rio de Janeiro. This same zealous elder determined to secure sufficient funds for the furniture, the propaganda literatllTe and for general expenses of the whole enterprise.

On the 7th of November I returned to Apparecida expecting to take over the building, install the furniture and definitely begin the evangelical work. I had painted on the front "House of Prayer" in large letters to inform everyone that the Evangelical Presbyterian Church was established in the town of Apparecida in its own building. One of the priests, Otto Maria, the pro-vicar, returning from the police-station where he had gone to ask the chief, Dr. Durval Alves da Rocha, some method of getting rid of us, passed in front of the "House of Prayer" waving his arms and crying out, with his finger pointed at our unpretentious church, "This does not go here in Apparecida." "Ve calmly replied, ""Ve are in the RC'public of Brazil, Mr. Vicar and under laws of freedom."

*Translated from 0 "Evangelista; December, 1921, by Dr. George C._Lenington.

377

The German priest, however, became furious and lifting his right ·arm with a threatening gesture called out: "You'll see."

.As the threat seemed serious, I immediately went, it being about three 0 'clock on the 8th of November, to warn the proper authorities and to ask for protection. This was promised but in spite of my promptness was not given in time to prevent the attack which was made three hours.and one-half later. The hoped-for guard did not appear, but the priest, Otto, took pains to mobilize his forces by sending out the following notice: "CATHOLICS OF APPARECIDA "I have the painful duty to notify you that there has established himself in our midst a Protestant minister. Someone has been found in the town of Apparecida to sell him a house where he can live and hold his services.

"Why is a Protestant minister, who is an enemy of Our Lady, coming to Apparecida Y He has no followers here; nobody sent for him, nobody wants him. He has come to sow the seed of disquietude in our town where perfect peace reigns.

"Apparecida belongs to Our Lady; owes its origin and its entire growth to Our Lady. Its whole life and movement is in connection with Our Lady. The presence and the activity of a Protestant minister profoundly wound the deepest feelings of the inhabitants of Apparecida.

"I do not need to tell the Catholics of Apparecida that Protestantism is a false religion, founded by Luther, an apostate monk. who invented a new religion in order to break his vows and live as he pleased. I do not need to remind you that attendance at a Protestant service, even if only out of curiosity, is a mortal sin.

"Nor is it necessary to tell you that it is sin to read or to have in your homes Bibles or Protestant papers.

"Catholics of Apparecida show that you are sons and worshippers of Our Lady and avoid every friendship or even contMt with this enemy of Our Lady. in order that he may see that he does not belong here.

"Catholics of Apparecida, this Protestant minister by opening his House of Prayer here, wants to shame us before the thousands of pilgrims who come here as though there were anybody in Appareeida capable of becoming a Protestant.

"Therefore, show yourself Catholics of spirit and evince your love for the Catholic religion by an ever more faithful attendance at the Mass and the Sacraments, by an ever increasing activity in the Catholic societies, in a word, by an ever increasing zeal and Catholic service.

"Apparecida, November 8, 1921. "P. OTTO MARIA C. Ss. R. Pro-Vicar. "

I hurried back to the police-station where I found only one soldier. His reply to my call for aid was that he could not leave the station as he was on guard duty.

In the meantime the House of Prayer was in a state of siege. The noise had become deafening and the vilest insults were being hurled upon us by the rioters who had taken their stand in front of our house, No. 47 Monte Carmello St., where they were furiously tearing to pieces the tracts that we had given out. .As there was noth-

BITTER OPPOSITION IN BRAZIL

ing else to do, I went to the railroad station and sent" the following telegram to the president of the State: "Most Excellent Dr. Washington Luiz, Sao Paulo. The Evangelical Church of Apparecida violently attacked by the priest, Otto Maria. I ask protection from your Excellency. Signed, Andre Jensen."

I had already sent several telegrams to the newspapers when the threats first began. When I was about to leave the station, the agent offered me a ticket saying that he was astonished that I did not take a train. My only reply was: "No, I will not abandon my post, but . will trust in God. " The agent in a low voice replied: "I well under- stand."

On the platform a movement of curiosity was to be seen because everyone had known by one o'clock what was going to happen. I went toward the church and half-way met a wild mob of about 500 persons coming toward the railroad station with great fury, led by a high-powered automobile heavily loaded, aud blowing horns. So headlong was the rush that my persecutors did not see me as I walked quietly along in the opposite direction.

Then someone noticed me, and a yell arose, "Here he is." The auto stopped with screeching brakes, and its numerous passengers inside and on the running boards were the first to start for me, shout- ing: "Lynch him! Lynch him!"

The whole crowd surrounded me with threatening cries and movements as though about to commit the threatened murder. Re- spectfully taking off my hat, I simply said: "Gentlemen, do not hurt me because I am a peaceful citizen. I did not come here to cause disturbances." At this moment the prefect, Sr. Aristides Pereira de Andrade, seized me forcibly by the arms and said nervously: "Do not kill him, but let's ask him something. Will you pron:tise to leave' the city~" I answered that I would, because the Gospel commands us to do so in this case. The yells and the insults continued, but sev- eral protectors surrounded me, among them the sergeant, Sizenando Arouca, who did everything that he could to deliver me.

, In spite of the protecting circle I felt some hostile hands falling upon me. I was led directly to the police-station while the mob fol- lowed and insulted me until I crossed the threshold. Then they re- turned to the bonfire at the church, where the depredations continued until late at night. They burned all of the furniture, the books, cloth- ing,doors, windows, door-posts and sills, and even the back gate. The reason they did not burn the house itself was because the next door neighbor, a Sy:t:ian, Sr. Rachid, begged them not to burn down his store.

At the police-station I found that the two first believers in Ap- parecida, Sr. Firmino Soares Barbosa and his aunt D. Maria Mag- dalena Figueira, had already been safely sheltered. Firmino had

been dragged: along and somewhat wounded in his arms. They had lost everything, because the mob had thrown all of their humble belongings on the bonfire. Nothing was saved except a new Singer sewing machine, that a friend, with considerable difficulty, succeeded in spiriting away.

We thank~d God for His deliverance from the enemy and asked His pardon for them and their salvation through Christ, our only Saviour. One person listening to this prayer declared that it was the moment of his conversion to Christ, as he had never up to that time truly abandoned the image of Apparecida. We remained three days in the police-station and were treated with kindness by the authorities.

When the court inquiry was opened, we made our declarations in which we gave our testimony as disciples of Jesus Christ. We also preached individually to the other two prisoners in the jail. one of whom was a boy incarcerated for a robbery and Sr. Jose Motta de Sanches who had been arrested because of his extraordinary fury against us on the fateful night.

On the night train, November 10th, accompanied by soldiers, we embarked for the federal capital, announcing that we would soon return to the town of Apparecida do Norte in order to inaugurate the church properly as soon as it could be repaired.

The authorities promised us every security for our return and for the prosecution of evangelical work in Apparecida.

The city of Guaratingueta sympathizes with us and condemns severely the attack made upon us. A hall for services will be opened in that city at the same time that the church is inaugurated in Apparecida.

India's Need for Christian

BY REV. F. II. RUSSELL, D.D.

Canadian Presbyterian Mission, Central Ind,ia EFFICIENT Christian leadership is the crucial need of India since the growing self-consciousness of the Indian Church is bringing it to feel that it should assume the direction of the Christian forces that are at work in India. Though this is the proper function of the Church, there is a general feeling that the Indian Church at large is not yet ready for these responsibilities. In every mission there are bodies of men who have been trained for special lines of Christian service. It has been one of the faults of mission practice which must now be corrected, that effort has been given so almost entirely to the preparation of men for mission service, and that sufficient attention has not been paid to the need of fitting them to share in the development and upbuilding of the Church. If the Church it to take Its legitimate place in the national life of India, Christian missions must see to it that the necessary leadership is developed by all possible cooperation not only in the carrying on of the work, but in the sharing of its responsibilities.

In India we have a people of greatly diversified racial origin, language, and culture, but becoming conscious of the~r common interests, and with a sense of their essential kinship and solidarity, working towards definite self-expression and control. The consciousness of nationality has been stimulated by a sense of the perils which from the Indian point of view menace the best interests of the people. The fear of continued political domination a·nd of economic exploitation by western peoples has helped to obscure for the time being the racial and religious differences between the various peoples of India, and has united them in an effort towards national autonomy. The attempt to impose a type of western culture which was felt by the Indian people to be out of harmony with their own history and ideals has aroused an opposition to everything foreign that will hardly be satisfied with less than the elimination of whatever cannot be adjusted to Indian needs and aims.

The danger in such a situation, so far as Christian missions are concerned, is that in their revolt against western domination, of whatever sort, the people of India may set themselves against the Christian faith, simply because it comes to them in a western guise, and through the medium of western peoples. If Christian missions are to continue their work in India, and help to lay the foundations of a strong and noble national character, they must adjust themselves to the changed conditions and needs.

The missionary himself is becoming more aware of his own 381

limitations, and the sense of these is keener the more intimate his relations with the Indian people become. He cannot divest himself of the ways of apprehending and presenting truth which are bound up with his own spiritual experience and are made inevitable by his intellectual heritage. It is equally impossible to bring the Oriental mind to adopt his mental attitude. His has been the constructive work of laying foundations on which Christian India must erect its own superstructure. The task of inter'preting Christ to India must pass over to the Indian Church. The task is one of extreme difficulty, but it must be faced. Indian Christianity, to become a real force in the national life, must find expression along lines in harmony with the national genius and character.

In the Indian Church today we find an attitude which is becoming more definitely set against prevalent missionary methods. tI'he feeling is becoming general that mission work has been too much characterized by paternalism. The fact that the work has to such a large extent depended on foreign funds has tended to aggravate the difficulty. Indian Christians have claimed that in taking up the work of the Church in connection with a mission they in reality become "helpless, automatic machinery in a policy in the shaping of which they have no hand." They urge that the fundamental aim of Christian missions is to .develop an indigenous Christianity which will be self-propagating. Some Indian leaders claim that the only future for mission work as carried on by people from the west is in subordination to the Indian Ohurchand under its full direction and control.

The serious difficulty in the way of meeting such demands is the lack of any sufficient body of experienced leaders in the Indian Ohurch to whom the work can safely be entrusted. In some missions, the overwhelming problems of the mass movements have united to make the preparation of men for leadership in the Church in anything like adequate numbers an almost impossible task.

Two obstacles to the proper development of the Indian Church stand out with disconcerting prominence. The first is the extreme poverty of the greater part of its membership, making it impossible for them to do much to carryon its work. Therefore much work that should normally come under the care of the Indian Ohurch is carried on by mission bodies, with the aid of funds from other lands. To create an atmosphere of confidence in which it will be possible for western Ohurches to entrust the control of missionary funds to Indians, there must be an adequate number of leaders, to whom this work may be committed.

A second source of weakness is the ignorance and inexperience of great numbers of Indian Christians. The mass movements are pouring into the Ohurch multitudes of people who, however real their Christian faith, are in the main illiterate, and unable to do their part

INDIA'S NEED FOR CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP

in the advancement of the Ohurch's interests. The hope of these mass movements is in the future when the children of these converts shall have been trained to be efficient members of the Ohristian coni- munity. But for the present this inarticulate mass within the Ohurch constitutes one of its gravest problems.

The leadership needed for India at the present stage calls for men who are able to initiate and carry out a generous policy for the development of the Ohurch and the extension of its evangelistic effort. Methods hitherto employed have failed to touch in any :real sense the great agricultural and industrial population of India, who form the real strength of Hinduism, and would become equally a source of strength to the Ohristian Ohurch. If these are to be reached it can only be by a comprehensive effort along Indian lines and by Indian leaders specially fitted for the task. The multitudes who are coming in from the outcaste classes must be raised to a higher standard of Ohristian life and experience. The Christian Ohurch must train men who can teach and lead the Ohurch and who can worthily represent it in the national interests for the welfare of India.

It is one of the hopeful signs in the Ohurch today that there are so many men who feel that the interest"s of the Ohurch and the nation are identical, and that it is by giving their best to the Ohurch and through it to the people that they are to play their part in India's redemption. .

To develop this leadership Ohristian missions must devote their best energies. Our chief function in India is now educational, the preparation of the Indian Ohurch to do the work of evangelism.

Men of large experience must be relieved of other burdens to under- take this special training and new missionaries must be sent out to take up this task. India needs men of deep spiritual culture, who can enter into an understanding of the Indian spirit, men of a refine- ment of soul that will win their way to the Indian heart, of a humility of spirit that will be content to serve in any way that may be for the good of India's people, and above all men full of the Holy Spirit and of power.

The Indian Ohristian must not be poured into western moulds, but must be encouraged to seek out modes of expression that will interpret to himself and to his people the teachings of Ohrist. The Spirit of God is given for the guidance of the Ohurch, and from Him must corne the form of Ohristian teaching that will take a vital hold on the Indian heart. It is the chief duty of the missionaries from the West to help prepare the men who shall formulate the doctrines of the Indian Ohurch and who will give them concrete expression.

Teacher's Opportunity in

BY PROF. D. J. FLEMIN~ NEW YORK Author of "Schools with a Message in India," etc.

n .A T this stage the middle vocational school occupies a position of strategic importance in the evangelization of India. The per- son who has a vision of what such a school should be' and who can go there and approximate his ideal in practice would be a highly valued recruit for any mission. Let us see why this is so. .

The condition of the Indian Church as regards self-support is disappointing. One Board, which has conducted work in India for eighty-seven years and whose annual expenditure there amounts to $520,000, has only five churches in all India that are self-supporting. After investigation the Wesleyan Methodists of the Haiderabad District found that the contribution of the Indian Church in their area to the support of its ministry varied from one-twelfth to one-sixth of the total cost. Their considered judgment was that with effort and good management this proportion could be raised in three or four years only to a general average of one-fifth. Such facts show that no service to the Indian Church will be complete without taking her economic condition into account in the education that is offered.

Furthermore the mass movements to Christianity have changed the emphasis in missionary education. In the very nature of the case as long as there were few Christians the emphasis in the school was upon the evangelization of the non-Christian students and the securing of Christian workers for missionary service. Now that the mass movements have brought such large numbers into the Church, the emphasis must turn to fitting Christian pupils for life. A literary type of education, in the past thought suitable for training mission workers, is certainly not adapted to educating the rank and file for their various walks in life. Since the majority of Christians have come from the low castes and the outcastes they need a practical type of education if they are to gain independence. Faced with the poverty of the Indian Church there must be a combined effort to raise the level of the people by an education which will fit them for life. In this education labor with one's hands will have a very prominent place as a moral and educational force, and no boyar girl should be admitted to the school who is not willing to contribute towards his or her board by manual labor.

There has come to us in recent years a clearer conception of 1When the Commi88ion on Village Education in India visited the United States in 1919 on their way to India, they were especially advised to see the Penn Industrial and Agricultural School, St. Helena's Island, 8. C.; Calhoun Colored School, Calhoun, Ala.; Hampton Institute; Tuskegee Institute; and the County Agent work in Bome Western states.

384 1922] THE TEACHER'S OPPORTUNITY IN INDIA 385 education. On the IDlssion field we have been mainly interested in the religious aspect of life, but we have found that we cannot neglect other aspects of education and expect onr religious work to stand. We see that to have an all round Christian culture we must be able to develop leaders not only for churches, but for all branches of social and economic life. The ideal school will not attempt to transplant alien culture, nor a preconceived curriculum. It will analyze. the needs of the commnnity, the livelihoods that should be taken up by Christian men and women, and will develop leadership for them. Vocational education does not mean mere handicr~ft work; it means training the leaders that are needed for every line.

The vocational middle school needed at the center of our mission districts in India will not confine its service just to the pupils who attend the school. It will very definitely seek to be a center of community uplift and to send forth those who are interested and trained to meet community needs. In India where the villagers lack so much along every sanitary, economic, social, and religious line, the mission school should be equipped to respond to the need for social leadership and comlJ1unity service. A large part of the edl,lcation required in the districts of India is adult education. The schools may become the centers for lectures on agriculture, for the distribution of selected seed, for story telling, for instruction ill hygiene and sanitation, for women's clubs, etc.

Only a Christian school will, I believe, have the motive and the dynamic to realize a community school. If the pupi1s are to go forth with a passion for service to their villages they must be brought into a vital contact with Jesus Christ and His life of ministry. We must depend on Christian education to send forth young men and women with a sense of mission to their people, with training in practical forms of service, and with a living relation with the great Source of abundant life. May our churches in America do their part in raising up those who can help in the development of these schools, and more particularly can undertake the task of training Indian Christian teachers of experience and vision who will in the end manage them.

The Mission of Medicine In India "I ROBERT H. H. GOHEEN, M.D. F YOU only choose, Sir, you can cleanse me." So our Lord stretched out His hand and touched the leper with the words, "I do choose; be cleansed." And the man's leprosy was cleansed at once. What gracious sympathy and what courage thatto touch a leper! Is it probable that anyone had touched a leper willingly in that country, in the ages since by the law of Moses, 4

lepers were compelled to live outside the city, and to shout "unclean"

when anyone approached¥ Jesus did not annul the law but said, "See, you are not to speak to anyone until you show yourself to the priest, and offer the gift prescribed by Moses to notify men."

To-day, actuated by that same spirit of the Master, the disciple, trained or untrained in medicine, is doing what he cab. in the Far East to heal'the lepers, or at least to befriend and care for them.

Three hundred thousand lepers are in India, and only some four thousand are in the asylums provided-partly by the government but mostly by the ~'Mission to Lepers." Are some being healed ~ Yes, in a few of the asylums the new treatment with Sodium Hydnocarpate -first isolated from Chaulmoogra oil by Sir Leonard Rogers, of the Indian Medical Service-is causing the symptoms of the disease to disappear and its signs to fade slowly away. Not that it is a certaiu or rapidly effective cure or easily applied. It is given by a series of painful injections, requiring a trained hand for their administration, and must be repeated for weeks, months, or years before the "cure"

is established. In one case the treatment amounted to some four hundred and thirty injections, at the rate of two injections per week.

Three men, out of the forty-five patients cared for in that particular mission asylum were also "cured" in that way.

What a difference it has made in the outlook for them all!

What a joy radiates from their faces at the prospect of being set free, free from the cruel clutch of this prolonged disease I It is none too easy to find trained assistants there who are willing to risk infec- tion. Historians say that in England during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries there were many thousands of cases of leprosy, the disease probably having been brought back from the Holy Land by the .Crusaders. Segregation was found necessary to stamp it out.

The fearless missionary is the chief hope of the lepers of India and the Far East. .

As Jesus passed along He saw a man blind from his birth. And His disciples asked Him, "Rabbi, for whose sin-for his own or for his parents-was this man born blind 1" That is as far as the Brahmin scholar cares to read. "Hah," he says, "even Christianity supports our belief in transmigration. Born blind, of course, for sin in a former life." Jesus replied, "Neither for his own sin nor for his parents-but to permit the work of God to be illustrated in him. While daylight lasts we must be busy with the work of God; night comes when no man can work."

Who is more pitiable than a blind man-especially one unable from birth to see the love-light in his mother's eyes 1 Unwearied and undimmed by long usage, only the retina of a child or youth sees colors in their true richness. So the day or scene that looks drab to a man may yet delight the healthy child. (Older people can partially understand this, by putting their heads for a time under their feet

THE MISSION OF MEDICINE IN INDIA

to expose the less used portion of our retinas.} How many children there are in India, born blind with congenital cataracts. One such youth, nineteen years of age, operated in one, of our Mission.Hospitals last year, could see after the operation, but at first could only identify objects by touch, until he had learned to recognize what he saw. A vastly greater number have had their sight destroyed soon after birth by opthalmia or later by smallpox, or other infections. For many such there is little or no hope of improvement by surgery. In Bombay there is a Government Blind School and the Mission Blind School, conducted by Miss Millard. This latter teaches music, reading, cane-weaving and other useful occupations to blind children. Some are trained as evangelists. What an inspiration is John, the blind evangelist in one mission hospital! Totally blind as he is, he walks about the wards and streets with the bearing of a soldier, and with his organ, song and message tells of the Way, the Truth, and the Life.

"Heal the sick, raise the dead. " Our Lord's mission of healing was even more necessary, it may well be supposed, in that country and' in that day than in ours to-day. But in lands where the modern methods of sanitation and hygiene and of surgical and medical aid are incompletely developed, disease in all its forms is much more prevalent than in America and Europe. The average length of life is much shorter and the mortality rate runs much higher in the East than in the West. For example, the mortality rate in Bombay averages over thirty-five per thousand. In the Panama Zone it is only fifteen per thousand since medical science reduced it from many times that figure.

Thousands of deaths from plague in India are reported by the Bombay Times each week of the year; and plague is a preventable disease if we have trained men to give the vaccine injections that can prevent it. Malaria is still desolating villages in certain areas of India in spite of the attention that the Government has given and is giving to this subject. The worst cases only respond to intravenous injections of quinine. Kala azar resembles malaria but is more rapidly fatal. It would yield to nothing until the recently developed treatment by injections of tartar emetic into the veins.

Cholera is the scourge that most frequently attends the vast Hindu pilgrimages to the sacred rivers, and vaccine injections offer the best protection. Elephantiasis, that produces such hideous and cumbersome deformities, requires injections and surgical treatmen:. Relapsing fever, syphilis, ammbic dysentery-with its formerly fatal liver abscesses-all have to be treated with injections. The microscope is depended upon for the recognition of many of these conditions and the microscope and other scientific apparatus, intelligently used, are increasing the efficiency of trained men in the efforts to save the poor and ignorant.

Not least important in the work of medical missions is the training of nurses and doctors. In British India, Government marriage laws now.prevent girls from being married until they are twelve-a great improvement on former Hindu customs. The number of Hindu and Mohammedan girls who are educated beyond that age, or unmarried and free to become nurses in hospitals, is extremely small. Christianity, therefore, can best supply the nurses for India. The same state of affairs applies to Indian women physicians, and the zenana system, preventing as it does the treatment of women by men, . calls for a multitude of trained medical women. Women medical missionaries are indispensable to train them and to assist in the gigantic task of actual relief. The splendid Union Hospital and Medical School for Women at Ludhiana, with its staff of five foreign women medical missionaries, is one example of what is being attempted in the North. A great manifolding of such work is indicated. In the South, women are treated to some extent in General Hospitals conducted by men, but even such Hospitals are all too few and far between. There are there also some Women's Hospitals-by women for women-and one of them at least, namely that at Vellore conducted by Dr. Ida Scudder, is developing a Woman's Medical School that is now a Union Mission Institution.

As for the Mission Hospitals conducted by men, and carrying on the education of Assistants, only one has achieved a size and importance worthy of mention: Miraj-that name is as familiar in India as is Rochester (Minn.) in America. Here Dr. Wanless for a generation, and for a decade ably assisted by Dr. Vail, has carried on a Medical School that is recognized by Government and that trains men to assist in the Hospitals and Dispensaries, carried on by Missions throughout the land.

Medical Mission work in India includes (1) The care of some of the three hundred thousand lepers; (2) ministry to some of the curable blind whose number is estimated at more than a million; (3) a share in the great problems of malaria, plague, cholera, and other devastating tropical diseases-not to mention tuberculosis, typhoid fever, influenza, and the other maladies familiar to the West; (4) teaching native young men and women how to care for their own brothers and sisters.

But what about the evangelizing power and effect of medical work T It has been and is converting millions of people to the belief that Christianity does not destroy but does fulfill; that it does not defile but does cleanse and heal; that Christianity is merciful, kind, sympathetic, and powerful to benefit and bless. Individual patients are also claiming its spiritual promises, and communities are experiencing its saving grace. How much more could be done by this arm of the Master's service there, if we, His Church, would but reply, "We can, we will do more."

BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 1612 GROVE AVENUE, RICHMOND

NEW AND FRESH METHODS Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, of the Fed- Of Presenting the Cause of Foreign eration of Women's Boards of For- Mi.sions to the Home Church eign Missions; Rev. J. H. Arnup, of "The cause of Foreign Missions has the Missionary Society of the Method- always been the most interesting, ro- ist Church of Canada; Rev. S. J.

mantic and appealing cause that has Corey, of the Disciples Church in captured the mind and heart of the America; Rev. A. B. Parson, of the church, and in recent years it has Department of Missions of the Prot- been nnding increasing favor with the estant Episcopal Church; and Rev.

home church. Many of the methods William P. Schell, of the Board of in vogue for the past twenty-nve or Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian thirty years in presenting the world Church in the U. S. A., as Chairman, appeal to the home constituency have with Mr. F. P. Turner and Rev.

lost none of their power and are ap- Frank W. Bible, sitting with the com- parently just as effective as they were mittee, ex-officio, to conduct an in- the day they were nrst approved and vestigation of new and fresh methods initiated. These particular methods of presenting Foreign Missions to the have stood the test of time and there home church, and to present a report is no indication that they will have of their investigations to the Foreign to be abandoned for many years to Missions Conference."

come. In the report of Dr. William P.

"Like all other great causes, how- Schell made to the Foreign Missions ever, with the changes of time, in the Conference at its meeting in Atlantic midst of a world upheaval, and in the City in January, 1922, there are many face of a changing psychology and items of interest. The new and fresh new conception of a new generation, methods reported from many quarters there has been a growing feeling that to the committee were grouped under the old methods of presenting Foreign four heads: .

Missions will no longer suffice and 1. Publicity in all its forms. that they must be supplemented by 2. The broadening out and extension of new and fresh methods, and that the Missionary Education on an unprecedented Mission Boards, while studiously sea3l.e.Establishing new and intimate eon· avoiding the spectacular and sensa- taets by special types of campaigns. tional must have the courage and fore- 4. New efforts in promotion of Steward· sight to launch out on some new and ship.

untried ways· and make a number of 1. Publicity in all its Forms experiments if they are to rise to the need of the hour. Because of this There have been times in the past strong conviction the Committee on when Mission Boards were slow to the Cultivation <if the Home Church make their work known. Many of of the Foreign Missions Conference them still believe in a minimum of of North' America lasttlpring ap- pUblicity-but the average Board to· pointed a sub-committee consisting of day knows that it has a message that Rev. D. Brewer Eddy, of the Amer- must be proclaimed from the house· ican Board; Rev. A. E. Armstrong, tops, and that it can learlLits greatest of the Board of Foreign Missions of lesson from Christ himself who said, the Presbyterian Church in Canada; "Ye are the light of the world. A 389

city set on a hill cannot be hid. think to ask. Then we have litera- Neither do men light a lamp and put ture for women, for college women it lIDder the bushel, but on the stand an<l business women, and all kinds of and it shineth unto all that are in the children. In other words, modern house. Even so let your light shine missionary publicity is specialized as before men; that they may see your to types of work, types of mind, and good works, and glorify your Father types of personalities-and we may who is in heaven." expect more of this kind of publicity, for the age apparently demands and A study of samples of Foreign Mis- appreciates it. sion literature today brings out the fact that while it may perhaps not be Better Charts, Posters, Graphs and quite so voluminous or heavy or gen- Maps.-There is a noticeable increase eral as much of the literature of the in the use of advertising charts, past, it is becoming increasingly at- graphs, posters and maps. Here is tractive, appealing, original and spe- where modern missions correctly esticialized. A larger use is being made mates the value of truth received of art work, attractive covers, illus- through the eye. This accounts also trations, titles and sub-titles calcu- for the extraordinary development of lated to arouse curiosity and provoke lantern slide departments and movreading, and the uses and combina- ing pictures. One of the older and tions of type which make it a delight more conservative Boards, following to take up and read the literature. the example set by other Boards sev- This is not so much the adoption of eral years ago, has this past year exa new method as the fresh presenta- pended nearly $10,000 on the prelimtion and adaptation of an old method inary reorganization of its Lantern well established, but it marks a divid- Slide Department, an expenditure ing line between the old and the new, abundantly justified by a greatly inand the success attending, the new creased demand for the new lectures type of literature may answer certain even though the rental price has been questions asked by a Mission Board nearly doubled. Another Board is exhere and there as to reasons why its perimenting with what it calls "A literary output is not proving more telegraphic form of stereopticon lecinteresting and effective. ture "-a lecture characterized by . Specialized Publicity.-A further brevity and the human appeal, "each study reveals the fact that we are slide containing sentences with much living and working in a period of more international contact." specialized publicity. We find many leaflets prepared and issued espe- Moving Pictures Next.-The next cially for ministers, as a class singled great development in the direction of out for special treatment. We come visual publicity will evidently be in upon literature written primarily for moving pictures. Many Boards still the business man and sub-divided into do not feel the necessity for such a literature for business men who are development, and in some quarters already interested in Foreign Missions there is a distinct opposition to movand literature for business men who ing pictures of missions, but at a reknow nothing about Foreign Missions, cent denominational conference it but who must be reached for the was stated that in the United States cause. This latter type of publicity alone approximately 4,600 Proteswisely takes little or nothing for tant Churches own their own moving granted. It assumes that the readers picture machines and are eagerly on are in the kindergarten stage of the lookout for appropriate films. Beknowledge regarding world missions, cause of the enormous expense inas indeed they are, and is successful volved the Mission Boards are perfor just that reason. It answers ques- plexed as to what steps, if any, to take tions that only business men would to establish their own Department of Motion Pictures, and there is a grow-

BEST METHODS

ing feeling that before long some cen- California decided to try the experi- tralized agency will have to be set up ment of meeting during the summer and financed to create and distribute and not for one or two days only for for all Boards appropriate motion the transaction of business, but for pictures on Foreign Missions. from three to seven days, for study and inspiration and only inciden- 2. Broadening Missionary Education tally for business. So successful has The Mission Study Class has not been this innovation that it has won its way into the other Synods and bids only come to stay as a highly success- fair to be adopted by all of the ful and thoroughly scientific method Synods. of informing the mind and developing the character in a relation to the California Leads.-From the standworld; it is growing in popularity point of Foreign Missions these Sum- mer Synods have introduced a fresh, and fruitfulness and year after year encouraging and thoroughly revolureaches an enlarging circle. One de- tionary method of presenting the, nomination which has from the be- cause. Perhaps it may interest our ginning achieved unusual success in readers to explain the plan of opthis respect reports that during its eration in detail. Let us take the last fiscal year over 5,000 classes were Synod of California as the best exin operation with a total enrollment ample. In July, 1921, the Synod met of 95,000; and that this year's record at Berkeley for seven days. The cur- riculum had been advertised in adalready shows a large increase over vance and there were ten or twelve that of a year ago. The School of classes on many phases of the work Missions which is in itself a compara- of the Church at large. There were tively new method has now been nearly 1,200 delegates from all parts adopted, and with gratifying success, of the state in attendance. Two Forby practically all of the denomina- eign Mission Courses were announced tions.

Summer Synods, Also.-One en- -on "The Why and How Foreign tirely new development, however, In Missions" and the other on "The the further extension of Missionary Kingdom and the Nations"-the rep- Education has recently appeared in resentative of the Board of Foreign its association with large ecclesiasti- Missions who was present leading both cal gatherings. A notable example of classes. It was thought that perhaps this has been developed in the North- fifty persons might possibly elect each ern Presbyterian Churches in what are course, so a room seating that number known as "The Summer Synods." was set aside for the class. On the The Synods of the Presbyterian opening day so la:tge was the number Church from time immemorial, have who appeared that it was found necmet, usually in the autumn, for the essary to adjourn to the church auditransaction of business. The sessions torium-the only room large enough have seldom lasted more than two to accomodate the class. For six days days and the programs in many in- the class in "The Why and How" had stances have been uninteresting and an actual attendance of from 250 to stereotyped; so much so that there 400 and the class on "The Kingdom has been a growing feeling that the and the Nations" from 350 to 500~ meetings of the Synod have been a the largest attendance at each class fifth wheel to the coach. It has long being on the closing day. At the been felt that something needed to be Synod of Colorado there were present done to change the character of these at the class on Foreign Missions sixty gatherings but nobody seemed to hit at the opening session and over 200 upon the right solution until three at the closing session. Here we have years ago, when the Pacific Coast a new and fresh method of presenting Synod of Washington, Oregon and Foreign Missions offering an unparal-

leled opportunity to the Mission subject of missions. It was. felt that Board which eagerly avails itself of a fresh interest might be induced by this new privilege. What it will mean the use of laymen, who by the living to the cultivation of the home church voice could put across the world mis- is almost incalculable. sion of the church. It was necessary that they should be trained and there 3· New Contacts by Special caDl- have been many local conferences for paigns studying the literature especially Week End Institute and Business adapted for these information men. Men's Luncheons have been used ef- We seem to have a particular demand fectively by the American Board. for what our men have labelled 'hu· The Secretary, in describing them, man interest stories.' " writes; "We take four or five mis- Still another recent development, sionaries and two secretaries to a new in some of its features if not in center for the morning pulpits and all, is a special type of supper con- Sunday-schools and try to arrange a ference to interest men in Foreign couple of evening meetings with two Missions.

speakers each. Then on Monday the ministers gather for two hours of con, 4. ProDlotion of Stewardship.

ference and we try to have a Businesll Vigorous campaigns for steward- Men's Luncheon to conclude the plan ship are now in process in nearly all and we ask for just forty-five minutes of the denominations. These camspeakers' time, five minutes each for paigns range from a general presenmissionaries and a few minutes more tation of the subject of proportionate for the man who is making the appli- giving, to specific, definite imd extencation for the local problem of the sive campaigns for tithing. It is in- Church." teresting to note some of the different A Three-fold Goal.~One of the methods by which the denominations most successful types of these special are being approached on this most im- campaigns finds expression in the set- portant matter. Before mentioning ting of goals and the training of lead- several of the methods reported to ers to reach the goals. The Protestant your sub-committee, it is interesting Episcopal Church has made excellent to note that in the minds of many of use of this plan in connection with the the Directors of Stewardship there is Centennial of the founding of its Do- a vital relationship between steward- mestic and Foreign Missionary So- ship as such, and the cause of Foreign ciety. Rev. A. B. Parson has de- Missions. There seems to be a grow,- scribed the plan as follows; ing feeling that any campaign in "The three _specific objects to be stewardship to reach its highest ef- reached before Easter, 1922, were: fectiveness and usefulness must be 1. The securing of 100 new qualified identified with some great cause, and workers. 2. The enrollment of the that the most commanding cause that first 100,000 proportionate givers, who stewardship can be identified with is would set apart a certain portion of the cause of Foreign Missions. As their income each year for the church. one denominational leader put it, "It 3. The enrollment of the first 100,000 is largely a waste of time to promote intercessors, who would promise to stewardship unless at the same time pray for missions every day. All this we bring to the attention of those was set forth in large display adver- from whom we are seeking pledges or tisements and the clergy and the decisions regarding stewardship some churches were interested. Then again great cause with which they can iden- we have sought to make use of so- tify themselves in the discharge of called information men. These were their stewardship."

five minute speakers who were to ad- Stewardship Referendum. – One dress different congregations on the plan which seems to be gaining favor.

BEST METHODS

everywhere is the sending out of a urged to tithe his or her income for referendum or questionnaire on stewardship. The United Enlistment that week, the whole of this tithing to Movement of the United Brethren in Christ has sent out a most interesting be presented at the church service as referendum. On the first page, in conspicuous setting, there is an out- an offering on Easter Sunday. line of the principles of stewardship together with quotations of Scripture In connection with this Stewardcalculated to cause the individual to think seriously on this most impor- ship Campaign and this special Stewtant subject. On the second page there are quotations from Dr. Robert ardship Week, the Committee on Con- E. Speer and Mr. William Colgate bringing out their actual experiences servation and Advance has prepared with stewardship and tithing. On the third and fourth pages, there are a a series of suggestions for those who series of questions searching in their character. These questions go so far represent stewardship in Area or Disas to raise with the individual the whole question of tithing and must be trict Training Conferences and for productive of much good in stimulating in their denomination to serious those who deliver stewardship adthought and prayer on the matter of stewardship. Dr. Hough reports dresses. A stewardship Calendar for under date of December 28th: " We are just now in a remarkable Stew- the entire year has also been prepared ardship Campaign. Over 2,000 of our individual churches have ordered sup- for circulation and a series of brief plies on the Stewardship Referendum interesting leaflets. sheet. " The Northern Presbyterian Church The American Board is at work on has already made effective use of a ref- an idea for presenting stewardship erendum or questionnaire and many interesting reports are coming into in Sunday-school, with provision for the stewardship office of the New Era Movement. a Purpose Blank to be signed by the Methodist Stewardship Year.-An children and their parents, definitely unusually interesting experiment is now being tried out by the Committee beginning their training in stewardon the Conservation and Advance of the Methodist Episcopal Church, ship fundamentals. ' North. This experiment calls for the designation of the year 1922 as Stew- SUPPER MEETINGS FOR MEN AND ardship Year, when the whole pro- MISSIONS gram of stewardship shall be presented to the members of the Method- By ERNEST F. HALL ist Church. It provides for the goal of 1,000,000 tithing stewards in the Field Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Methodist Church by January 1,1923. Foreign Missions It provides also for the setting aside of an entire week when, in addition Thirty supper meetings within a to devoting much time and prayer and few weeks; 2200 men present; 48 consecration to the Master, every mem- churches represented; many converber of the Methodist Church shall be sions to the Foreign Mission program; intelligent interest and generous sup- port are some results that challenge the reading of one of the methods of one Board for reaching men with its missionary program.

"The meeting with our men was a real suecess. It was the only time in the history of the Brotherhood that we have had a direct and specifie pre- sentation of .Presbyterian Foreign Missions_ And the men liked it."

The above statement was made in a letter from the pastor of a· large church in New York state after the writer of this article had addressed nearly two hundred men there.

In conversation with a leading busi- ness man in a promhient city, who told me that the men of his particular business get together once every week, I asked him if they talk about every- thing except business, and forbid dis-

cussion about the business which they modern program of missions, showing are carrying on. the varied activities of the mission- "That is what we get together for aries in giving to the world abundant -to talk about our business and ways life. He said that he would like to of making it more successful," he re- know more about it, and asked me to plied. lunch with him at a prominent club I asked him if he thought the church in New York and tell him. On Friday men ought to do the same, instead of I did so, carrying with me photo- tabooing discussions about the work of graphs and pamphlets describing the the church. things which he wanted to know. He "I most certainly do, " he an- had been a Presbyterian all his life, swered. was a graduate of a Presbyterian col- Yet we find churches in which the lege and a member of a large Presby- men get together every month for all terian church in a large city. How sorts of social functions, and have ad- did he grow to middle life under such dresses and lectures about everything surroundings without knowing the under the sun except the work of the program of the modern missionary church. We hear it said, "Don't enterprise Y How comes it that he talk religion or the work of the church could be so uninformed of the foreign at the men's club, for if you do the missionary work of his church that men won't come." has over 1,600 missionaries at work in Has not the time come when the fifteen countries, aiding people to church should seriously consider the reach their highest development in all work which it is commissioned to do lines of human activity under the im- in the world, in as business-like a man- pulse of the gospel of Jesus Christ, ner as men consider the business by and that required an expenditure last which they earn their living T The year of more than $4,633,000, some of church is an organization with a very which he had doubtless contributed Y definite program of service for the The Board of Foreign Missions has whole world. It will not do its work been trying to inform the church as until it gets its business men to un- best it can, but a limited force of derstand what that work is and how workers is inadequate to deal, in an it can be more efficiently done. efficient manner, with all of the This will not be accomplished in 1,600,000 members of the church. We any other way than that by which must depend on those who are the men consider ways and means of mak- chosen leaders of the congregations ing their business successful. Men are and who are in constant touch with interested in the development of the' the people all the time to see that the world along all constructive lines, and church members are informed. When when the work of the church is pre- every church adopts an educational sented in such a way as to make them program comprehending all the work realize what it is and how essential it that the church is doing, there will be is, they approve and respond. no need for a man to appeal for first The neglect of the men in this re- information about the very extensive spect by pastors and their official industrial work of the church. He boards has been one of our short will have passed the "rudiments" of sighted failures. One Tuesday morn- such knowledge long ago, and will be ing I received a letter from a promic asking for the latest facts about that nent business man saying that he had. with which he is already familiar.

happened to be in the church in which That the men· want to know, and I had spoken the previous Sunday that the church is reaching out for a morning, and that he was surprised to better program of instruction is learn of the extensive industrial work shown by the meetings with men which our missionaries are doing in which the writer has had the privilege China and India. I had presented the of addressing lately. He has attended

BEST METHODS

thirty supper meetings within the for all people to become so industri- past week at which more than 2,200 ous and so able that they will not need men have been present, an average of a "soup kitchen" carried around to seventy-five, both pastors and laymen. them, and it believes that the more The meetings have been held in in- self-reliant people become the more dividual churches in some instances. virile Christians they will make. Men with the men of the particular church are glad to get the whole program of only in attendance. In other cases missions presented as touching and an effort has been made to get every transforming all life, not as mere phil- church of a given Presbytery to be anthropy or humanitarianism, but as represented by the pastor and as a great program of Christian recon- many laymen as possible, all the struction of the entire human race, churches of Presbytery being ar- and as helping to bring in the king- ranged in groups, and one meeting dom of God.

held in each group. In the thirty The method of presentation has meetings forty-eight churches were been by addresses, maps, charts, black- ;:represented, and fifty-three pastors board and stereopticon. In the ad- were present. Many more such sup- dresses the subject has first been pre- per meetings have been scheduled for sented under the captions of the immediate future. , 'The Fields In these meetings an attempt has The Forces been made to give .the men a compre- The Forms of Work hensive idea of the extent of the for- The Finances eign missionary work of the church, Or, The Church in the Modern and to show it as a going concern. World," with five principal features Plenty of human handles have been as follows: offered to enable men to get hold of "What the Modern World De- the subject, for many men can not mands of the Church,"

approach foreign missions from the "The Active Response of the ultra-spiritual point of view. . They Church Through its Many-Sided Pro- can understand the need of material grams,"

development, and can appreciate that "What Foreign Missions are Not,"

Christianity has done more for such "The Goal of Foreign Mission,"

development than any other force, as "What Foreign Missions Cost."

regards vision, initiative and plans. The map serves to show where the They can understand that the world missions of the church are located, the can not be reconstructed satisfactorily large photograph charts, used in without the power of religion. What some places, illustrate the types of is needed is to show how the church work conducted and the extent of it, is carrying out the purpose of Christ the blackboard is useful in showing as expressed in His words, "I came the cost of missions and the admin- that they may have life, and that they istration problems of the Board, and may have it abundantly." The the stereopticon at the close. visualizes church is giving the cup of cold 'water and vitalizes the things spoken about to the thirsty, clothes to the naked, during the evening.

food to the hungry, and is preaching It is not a half-hour presentation the gospel to all. It is obeying of the subject, but an evening spent Christ's command, "Heal the sick, together in informal consideration of cleanse the leper," and is "teaching the world-wide work into which the them to observe all things, whatsoever men are putting money, and about I commanded you. " which they have a right to a report.

But the church is not primarily a Address, map, blaCKboard and stere- charitable organization. While it be- opticon serve as a means of chang- lieves in giving charity where needed, ing the "reels," so that there is an it also believes in making it possible opportunity to relax and be comfort.

able, to ask questions and occasionally FIFTY-TWO SUNDAYS A YEAR to move one's seat. The fellowship about the supper tables and the in- The Presbyterian Sunday-school of formality of the occasion add much to White Plains, New York, plans to the succeS/:l of the presentation. keep Missions before its Sunday- school, every Sunday in the year: This method of presenting foreign Mrs. Fred M. Gilbert tells some of missions to the men of the church has the features of the plan: its limitations. There are 10,000 Presbyterian churches which contribute "In the first place, we have a topic through this one Board, and the force for the month, which is part of a of secretaries is not sufficient to reach regular plan. Last year we took up them all individually. Nor is one pre- various countries, one each month, sentation of the subject sufficient. But which are Presbyterian home or forit indicates a way of approach eign mission fields. This year our through men's church organizations. basis, instead of being geographical, In one evening the most that can be is the different types of missionary done is to "convert" men to 'the for- work-October, Medical Missions; eign missionary program, although it November, Evangelistic; December, is strange that "conversion" of Educational; January, Industrial; church members to. foreign missions February, Literary; March, Medical should be necessary, since the gospel -and our illustrations are drawn is for all peoples, and the commission from all the fields. of Jesus Christ to His Church is to see that all peoples have an opportu- "The first Sunaay in each month nity to receive it. The education of the the subject is presented by one of the church should begin with the children officers or teachers, whom we supply and continue throughout adult life, with plenty of material for a five minbut since many of the men have not ute talk. On the remaining Sundays, been taught adequately, and since the some aspect of the subject is shown work of the church cannot be carried in a paragraph, which takes from on successfully without the hearty co- two· to three minutes to read, and operation of the men, we must find which. I get ready before hand and ways of securing their' full assistance. give to some boy or girl the Sunday Men who are interested in missions before the one on WhICh it is to be and men who know almost nothing read. We try to call on every class about them will come to a fellowship in its turn, as the classes take pride supper in the church to hear the sub- in being represented. There is no ject adequately preseqted. feature of the exercises to which the school gives such perfect attention as Pastors, mISSIonaries and trav- this brief reading by one of their own elers can be used to speak about mis- number. sions from various angles in the men's meetings, stereopticon lecture:rs can "Results that can be estimated are be seeured, the reading of missionary increased missionary contributions, readiness to prepare and bring in the pooks can be encouraged, and the picture post cards which we send out study of missions in men's Sabbath- to the Far East, and response to special appeals, like tile one for school classes can be introduced. Men Christmas packages containing dolls and scrap-books which we sent to are not unwilling to learn about mis- Chang-teh, China. Results less evisions, and the church that fails to pro- dent, but which go deeper, we trust there may be. Our Superintendent vide methods for instructing them never fails to pray definitely for mi"Rions and in other ways the mismisses a great opportunity for spirit- sionary atmosphere is kept vital."

ual development. If the men of the church do not know, whose fault is it r

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK.

SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS Houston, Texas From repo-rt of Committee for 1921 Registration ……….•………. 27() Denominations cooperating …….. 8 Perhaps never in the history of States represented ••…………. 7 the Church in America has the relation of Home Missions and World Illinois· M Ulsouri Redemption been so interlocked. World-wide topics are absorbing the Registration ……………….. . 103 thought of Christian statesmen the world over. A new and strong Denominations coopocating 1 emphasis upon the actual practice of Brotherhood and the Golden Rule is Books sold …………. . 108 imperative if the questioning of the world as to the efficacy of the Gospel Lake Geneva, WUlconsin of Christ to save America is to be satisfactorily demonstrated. Inter- Registration …..•…………… 162 denominational Schools of Missions Denominations cooperating …….. 11 furnish a common forum or platform for the presentation and discussion of Minnesota such world-wide topics. With the distinct spiritual message which these Registration ………………… 1,892 Schools send forth, the opportunity Denominations cooperating …….. 8 for world-wide service is immeasur- Books sold ……•…………… 150 able. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland The interdenominational Schools affiliated with the Council of Women Registration ……………….. . 106 for Home Missions report a decided advance for the year 1921. Enthu- Denominations cooperating ……. . 9 siasm and optimism radiate from these reports. States represented ………….. . 7 Books sOld …………………. . 140 The New Orleans School held no session during 1921, because of a Volunteers for Home Missions 3 change of date from October to January, thus causing a lapse of a little Mount Hermon, California more than a year. Bay View, Michigan, has given no notice of discontin- Registration …….•…………. 131 uance, but has failed to operate. Denominations cooperating ……• 9 Books sold …………………. 50 A few statistics may be of interest: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Dallas, Texas Registration •………•………• 182 Denominations cooperating ……•. 11 Registration ……………… . 350 Books sold ••……………….. 100 Denominations cooperating ……. . 5 St. Petersburg, Florida Registration ……………….. . 450 Denominations cooperating ……. . 11 States represented· ………….. . 12 Books sold …………… ······. 7()0 Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania Registration ……………. :…. 791 Denominations eooperating …….. 11 Winona Lake, Indiana Registration ……………….. . 792 Denominations represented ……. . 19 States represented ………….. . 14 De Land, Florida Total number of registrations …… 1,603 Registration ……………….. . 425 In addition to these bona fide Denominations cooperating …… . 6 registrations, many hundreds more States represented ………….. . 24 were present at the lectures and other evening features, at luncheons, and so East Northfield, Massachusetts forth. Registration ……………….. . 435 Denominations cooperating ……. . 8 Stat.es represented ………….. . 7 391

SOHOOLS OF MISSIONS of Religion is extending its influence and popularity. According to the an- Affiliated with the COuncil of WOmen for nual report for 1921 the registration Home Missions totaled 1,276 in contrast with 1,006 in 1920 and 1,160 in 1919. The regis- Dates and Chairn1en for 1922 trants were from thirty-four states in our own country as well as China, Boulder, Colo.rado-June 21-28 Japan, India and Siam, and repre- Mrs_ A_ A_ Reed, 670 Marion Street, sented twenty-two different branches Denver, Colorado. of doctrinal expression.

Dallas, Texas-Sept. 24-29 Chautauqua is becoming to many an Mrs_ L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel Drive, annual opportunity for meeting three R. F. D., No. 10, Box 246, Dallas, pressing needs: rest, recreation and Texas. training for leadership. The high al- titude, the pure atmosphere, the ab- DeLand, Florida-Jan. 22-27 sence of annoying insects coupled Mrs. John W. Smock, 320 N. Blvd., with the charm of lake and forest are DeLand, Fla. part of nature's contribution to the physical features of this noted sum- East Northfieldj Massachusetts-July 5-12 mer resort. Mrs_ Philip M. Rossman, 203 W_ 85 Street, New York, N_ Y. The intellectual and spiritual op- portunities are in keeping with this Houston, Texas-Oct. 2-6 provision. The program furnished by Mrs. E. H. Willisford, 407 Stratford the Chautauqua Institution and .the Ave., Houston, Texas. School of Religion is of wide renown. The Home Missions Institute for 1922 illinois-Missouri (Lebanon, Ill.)-June 13-17 will as usual be held in August. One Mrs. J. D. Bragg, Webster Groves, Mo. of the principle features of this pro- gram will be the presentation of the M:. Lake Geneva Wisconsin—July 3-10 Home Mission study textbooks for the Mrs. R. Peare, 5759 Winthrop Ave., coming year, both senior and junior, Chicago, Ill. by experienced and well-known lead- Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. Paul)-May 31- ers. There will also be ample time for conference and social fellowship. June 7 Young Women's Work will be espe- Mrs. Elijah Barton, 2811 Second Ave., cially stressed.

South, Minneapolis, Minn. MISSIONARY EDUcATION IN THE Mt. Hermon, California-July 8-16 SUNDAY-SCHOOL Mrs. Charles C_ Lombard, 2227 Seventh By MILES B. FISHER, ORANGE, N. J. Avenue, Oakland, California. The aim of the Sunday-school is by Mountain Lake Park, Maryland-Aug. 1-7 systematic pedagogic process to make Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Allen- our boys and girls intelligent of God dale, N. J. and of the Christian view of life and duty, and to inculcate the qualities New Orleans, Louisiana-March 6-9 of Christian character. Knowledge of Mrs. C. F. Niebergall, 7936 Zimple Ave., God will involve His universal father- New Orleans, La. hood, His redemptive plan, His pa- tient purposes through history, and Oklahoma City, Oklamoma- the records of men's apprehension of Mrs. J. E. Davis, 829 W. 8 St., Okla- Him. homa City, Okla. Knowledge of the Christian view of St. Petersburg, Florida-Jan. 15-20 life will involve a moral world, uni- Mrs_ A. R. Turner, St. Petersburg, Fla. versal brotherhood, love, the kingdom Southern California (Los Angeles)-May 28-June 2 Mrs. Arthur W. Rider, 612 St. Paul. Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.

Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania -June 28-July 6 Miss Mary C. Peacock, Torresdale, Pa. Winona Lake, Indiana-June 21-28 Mrs. R. M. Peare, 5759 Winthrop Ave., Chicago, Ill.

Chautauqua, New York-Aug. 12-18 Mrs. John Ferguson, 10 Sterling Ave., White Plains, N. Y.

THE OALL OF CHAUTAUQUA The Home Missions Institute conducted at Chautauqua, N. Y., by' the Council of Women for Home Missions in cooperation with the Chautauqua Institution and the Chautauqua School

i922] .,,~

THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ~99 of righteousness, joy, and peaee, the duty, and to inculcate Christian redemptive purpose and power of character. the gospel, the salvability of all men, and the sacredness of personality. Use of material: Knowledge of the Christian view 1. Missionary Bible lessons, as the Great of duty will involve acquaintance with the facts of life, needs of men, Commission, the Apostle's missionary ven· methods of work, appraisal of one's tures, Jonah. . self, stewardship, discipleship, serviee. 2. Missionary implication of Bible le8- Christian charaeter is a blend of innumerable elements, including rever- sons; for example: Abraham's call-heredence to God and one's elders, humil- itary religions not good enough; Peter and ity, obedience, courage, purity of heart, faith, good cheer, patience, etc., Cornelius–no race is to be discounted; Jonmany fine elements that do not involve outreach in formal service, elements ah-God saves pagans through His mission· not missionary in character. But when along with these are inculcated aries; Parable of the Sower-the prodnctthe objeetive, forthputting service iveness of mission :fields. factors, we have life at its best. The acme in life is unselfish service to the 3. Illustration of non·missionary lessons less favored, i. e., missionary work. That spirit is therefore definitely the from the mission :field; for example: rev· objective of our culture. Yet many a Sunday-school lesson will find its aim erence for God-the Hindu; for one's eld· non-missionary. We serve neither clear thinking nor good pedagogy by ers-the Chinese; self·control-BookerWashinsisting that every lesson be a missionary lesson. It is enough to say ington C" I 'll not let any man degrade me that our consummate achievement will be the culture of a broad missionary by making me hate him' '); cheerfulnessspirit, intelligent, catholic, well mo- Armenian children after loving care. tivated. 4. Missionary lessons as such; stories for .As for materials to be used: the Bible is superior to all other source primaries; adventure for juniors; biographmaterial; the history and narratives ies for intermediates. Such· lessons have of missions are next, as showing the fitness of the Christian revelation been placed in the Graded Series and are to human need, showing men transformed by gospel power, showing evi- most valuable. denC!~ ,of human brotherhood, writ large, validating the Bible, its sum- 5. Elective missionary courses for senior mons, promise of divine leadership, classes to be followed for perhaps three and power even to this generation, showing definite human needs that months, October to December. Such texts can be met, showing fields of work capable of commanding the imagina- are prepared by the Missionary Education tion. Movement.

These utilities of missionary mater- 6. Missionary stories from the platform ials are for religious education, not for by a skillful story teller; brief programs Board propaganda. They serve to give true views of God, of life and of at stated intervals for the school or for a department, during the worship period, with use of good denominational material pre- pared for the purpose.

Expression: projects by classes in the course of studies, gifts to the ob- jects learned of, prayer for mission- aries and for those helped, dramatics (care to be taken that these be con- ducted from the standpoint of par- ticipants educationally rather than of the public to be entertained. For a treatment of this distinction see "Mis- sion Study Through Educational Dra- matics" by Helen L. Willcox.) Friendliness, especially toward those who. seem to lack friends.

*** An angel paused in its onward flight With a seed of love and truth and light, and cried, , 'Ob, where can this seed be sown, that it ',ill be most fruitful when it is grown T" 'I'lle Sm'iour heard, and said as he smiled, "Plate it for me in the heart of It child."

~Author Unknown.

Woman's Foreign Mission

SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS AND MIS- Chairman, Mrs. May Leonard WSuosoadnrufdf. Allendale, N. J. Miss SIONARY CONFERENCES Lodge, 1720 Arch St., Phila. Pa. MRS. J. HARVEY BORTON, Chairman Baltimore, Md. (Interden.), FalJ, 1922 Schools of Missions and Missionary Conferences are real factors in the President, Mrs. P. A. Heilman, 3017 religious and missionary education of the Church. Bible Study, Mission Baker St., Baltimore, Md. Study, addresses which present the world need and call, pageants, post- Middle States ers, story-telling hours, prayer groups, individual personal work, missionary Illinois·Missouri School of Missions-,-Leb· literature, opportunity to know mis- anon, Ill., June 13·19, 1922 sionaries and missionary leaders close up, opportunity to face squarely one's Chairman, Mrs. J. D. Bragg, Webster relationship to Christ-all these are Grove, Ill. found' in the Schools of Missions and Missionary Conferences. Lake Geneva School of Missions-Lake Ge· neva, Wis" July 3·10, 1922 Hundreds who attend these conferences return to their home churches Chairman, Mrs. R. M. Peare, 5759 Will' with new vision, and renewed faith throp Ave., Chicago, Ill. _ and confidence. They have seen real results following the working out of Dixon School of Missions-Dixon, Ill., Aug· 'methods and therefore know "they ust 7·13, 1922 work." In these conferences there is also the opportunity to stimulate the Chairman, Mrs. Lloyd Walter. Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 132 N. East Ave., Oak Park, Ill.

Minnesota School of Missions-Minneapolis, Minn., May 31-June'6, 1922 Chrvirman, Mrs. Elijah Barton, 2811 Second Ave., S. Minneapolis, Minn.

Lakeside School of Missions-Lakeside, Ohio, July 23·28, 1922 Chairman, Mrs. F. r. Johnson, 515 Olinton Bldg., Columbus, Ohio. Winona School of Missions-Winona Lake, Indiana, June 21'28, 1922 Chairman, Mrs. R. M. Peare, 5759 Win· work of local Federation and Church throp Ave., Chieago, Ill.

Societies. There is a prayer fellow- Western States ship and a quickening of community Boulder School of Missions-Boulder, Colo., consciousness and responsibility which June 21·28, 1922 create a desire for such fellowship Chairman, Mrs. A. A. Reed, Marion St., when the delegates return home. We would suggest that local groups meet Denver, ~olo. while at the conference to plan for an interdenominational missionary feder- Oklahoma School of Missions-Oklahoma ation in their home cities and towns. City, Oklahoma Mrs. J. E. Davis, 829 W. 8th St., Okla· homa Oity, Okla. Mrs. H. S. Gil· lian, 2244 W. 13th St., Oklahoma City, Okla.

Snmmer Schools and Conferences Los Angeles School of Missions-Los An- Affiliated with the Federation of Women's geles, Calif., May 28·June 2, 1922 Boards of Foreign Mission8 Chairman, Mrs. Arthur W. Rider, 612 Eastern States St. Paul Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. Mt. Hermon School of Missions-Mt. Her· Wilson College School of Missions-Cham· mon, Calif., July 8·15, 1922 Chairman, Mrs. Charles C. Lombard, bersburg, Pa., June 28·July 6. 1922 Chairmwn, Miss Mary C. Peacock, Tor· 2227 Seventh Ave., Oakland, Calif.

resdale, Pa. Dallas School of Missions-Dallas, Texas, September 24·29, 1922 Chautauqua School of Missions-Chautau· qua, N. r., August 20·26, 1922 Chairman, Mrs. H. P. Smith, Box 246, Dallas, Texas. Chairman, Mrs. T. E. Adams, 2033 E. 88th St., Cleveland, Ohio. Houston School of Missions-Houston, Northfield School of Missions-Northfield, Texas, October 2·6 Mrs. C. H. Willisford, 407 Stratford Mass., July 12-19, 1922 Chairman, Mrs. William Waters, 156 Ave., Houston, Texas. Kerrville School of Missions-Kerrville, Fifth Ave., New York City. Mountain Lake Park School of Missions- Texas, (Date!) Mountain .!.Jake Park, Md., August Mrs. C. G. Dulling, 239 Ave. C, San 1·7, 1922 Antonio, Texas.

400

FROM ,11rANY

SIAM Delivered in Answer to Prayer A Siamese Men's Club HEN a former student in the W HERE is a men's club of Bible Presbyterian Girls' School at T colporteurs in cosmopolitan Bang- Chiengmai, Siam, returned to her kok, Siam, which consists of twelve home-a wretched hole of gambling members speaking Swatow, Hakka, and debauchery-the old father in- Hainanese, Cantonese and Siamese; sisted on selling her to an old scoun- and these do not include the Hindu- drel who is a leper. The girl and her stani, Burmese, Malay and other lan- sister refused to consent to any such guages also heard in the city. The horrible contract, and though beaten, members of the club are livingtogether, insulted and loaded down with heavy and using the lower floor of their elephant chains, they would not give headquarters for a chapel and a Bible in, but secretly appealed to Miss school for themselves. Their daily Hatch, at the school, and others work assignments include visits to the of their Christian friends to save railroad stations, steamship docks, them. After two or three days of hotels, stores, residences, etc. The this cruel treatment, they took ad- men go in groups of two or three. vantage, one night, of their tormen- Cards are filled out with the names tor's drunken stupor and gam4ling of any inquirers, especially those who craze, to escape to the hotel, from have purchased New Testaments, and whence one went to Miss Hatch, ,and the cards are then given to the evan- one to another family. Trouble -was gelist for further visitation. anticipated, but stronger forces were The Presbyterian Magazine. at work. Several of the older school girls gathered about the little refugee, Wickedest City in Siam and prayed. As Miss Hatch stepped ACHRISTIAN Association has been out to meet the girl's relatives, she organized in what is called "The was amazed by their sudden sur- Wickedest City in Siam." Six of the render. They consented to leave the leading merchants are on the Board girl under her control. The girl herof Directors, and 170 members are en- self has expressed her desire to be– rolled. At a big banquet they all come a Christian.

agreed to forbid the drinking of in- toxicants, gambling, or the use of per- Taking the Light to Sumatra nicious drugs on the premises. They M EDAN, Sumatra, has a populastarted a subscription with 1,500 tion of about 50,000, and is said ticals to open a day-school, chapel and to be the most modern city of the East reading-room, and they agree to ac- Indies. It has electricity, public play cept the living and true God as their grounds and good roads, yet the deguide and strength, and the Lord pravity, degradation and wretched- Jesus Christ as their Saviour and lless that exist are unspeakable. Lord. Already the movement has changed the whole social atmosphere The Methodist school has nearly 400 of the place. The Governor said boys in attendance. These are Chithat he would not allow the Chinese nese, Indian and Malay. Two smaller to form a society of their own; but he approved of this Association, un- ;chools are maintained in the vicinity, der the direction of the missionaries. and all are practically self-support- ing. The pupils pay a fee of about The Presbyterian Magazine. $1.25 a month.

401 5

INDIA physician administer the opiate that Prohibition Progre.s in India would relieve her suffering. When STUDENTS in India are joining pressed to explain why she preferred with other national groups in pas- pain to comfort, she said: sage of resolutions condemning liquor "I had been eating opium before I shops and the use of intoxicating liq- came here because I didn't know any uor. This is one phase of the Gandhi other way to bear the pain. When I movement, which maintains that bev- came in here I was so stupid I couldn't erage alcohol is sapping the vitality of understand anything. My head was body, mind and soul of the Indian na- all thick. I couldn't understand why tion. One unique fact is the system of anybody had got ready such a ni;e pickets under which volunteers stand place as this for a poor leper like me. near liquor shops and in the name of But after a while my thoughts began religion and country ask the ingoing to clear up, and I understood that this customer not to drink. If the cus- hospital was put up here because Jesus loved lepers and wanted to take them tomer persists, the picket falls on his to heaven. Ever since that I have 'knees and begs him not to drink. been just hungry to learn more and Some pickets carry bottles of milk and offer the thirsty man free milk to more about Jesus. I vowed that drink. In some'places, the drinker is never again would I take anything boycotted. The movement is very else that would muddle up my brain successful in cutting down drinking f or I can 't mI.SS a day from learning' and in closing saloons. Several of the more about Jesus. I'm going to go to independent states of India have see Him pretty soon, and I want to :ado1>ted prohibi tion in varying forms. know all I can find out about Him be- fore I go. So you see I just couldn't lndian Christians and Missions take' anything that would make my thoughts dull and keep me from un- A T the General Assembly of the In- derstanding. " dian Presbyterian Chur(Jh, (December 28-January 2) at Allahabad, Indian Customs in the Church Rev. A. RaIla Ram pleaded with the AMONG the twentieth century prob- Indian Church to send missionaries lems on the mission field are the to other lands. Tibet and Mesopo- development of a religious architectamia were suggested as possible fields ture which shall be truly national of effort. A committee was appointed while truly Christian, and the recogto prepare plans for undertaking this nition of native customs in the servnew work. Each presbytery was also ices held. A recent article in the asked to set aside one man to devote Christian Patriot by one who signs himself to stirring up the churches to' himself "once a Hindu, now a Chrisdo personal work among those not yet tian," after expressing satisfaction reached by the Christian message and with a plan for a certain church in also to quicken the spiritual life of Indian style, propounds the follow- Christians. The union of the Welsh ing questions: Calvinistic Church of Assam with the Indian Church was signalized by the Whether the laity should enter the presence for the first time of commis- church wearing their shoes; the insioners from Assam. The Assam troduction of a tank near the en- Church has 53,000 members. trance of the church, so that people may wash their hands, mouths and The Continent. feet before entering; changing the word "church" to "Christalia"; is Hungering after Righteousness there to be a paid guru, or shall he be A LEPER in a Christian hospital supported by gifts of rice, fruits and . . in India in the last stage of her vegetables, etc.; will the church be disease refused to have the attending open at all times for the individual

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

worshiper; and the substitution of ing been attacked, schools and ances- what he calls the Gopuram· for the tral halls set on fire, and the house of Cross. He closes with, "Of course, Mr. and Mrs. Gugel, missionaries, Indian music will take the place of destroyed. Chinese authorities seem English or German tunes." powerless to deal with the situation Indian Witness. so as to protect life and property. Kweichow is much disturbed, one Teacher Training in India town, Lentai, being besieged by one M1 R. and Mrs. E. A. Annett, repre- thousand Miao rebels seeking to es- sentatives of the World's Sunday- tablish their independence.

school Association, are teacher-train- National Chinese Conference ing experts who are constantly traveling throughout India gathering na- ACHARACTERISTIC OF the tive workers and missionaries together Chinese National Christian Conand giving instructions concerning ference, to be held in Shanghi, May Sunday-school work and methods. 2-11, will be that one-half of the mem- Calicut was visited recently and a bership will directly represent the series of meetings were held there. Chinese Christian Church. Previous Calicut is on the west coast of India conferences were essentially meetings and up to 1915 was the center of the of missionaries.

Basel Mission field but it is now the In preparation for the conference, headquarters of the new Malabar Mis- surveys have been in preparation for sion. Seventeen addresses were given the last two or three years, and the and all had to be translated into the· results are now being published in a local dialect-Malayalam. At the re- large volume which will furnish the quest of the Mission a complete most complete data ever collected on scheme for all the religious educa- missionary work in China. Five com- tional work was prepared by Mr. An- missions, composed of missionaries nett. This included recommended and Chinese leaders, Itave been pre- courses of lessons for the Sunday- paring reports on the following five schools and day schools as well as daily divisions of the general topic, "The Bible reading for the homes. Chinese Church" : "The Present State of Christianity in China"; CHINA "The Future Task of the Church"; The Situation in China "The Message of the Church" ; MISSIONARIES from China re- "The Development of Leadership for port some improvements in the the Work"; "Coordination and Cosituation. The differences between operation in the Work of the the North and South have not yet Church. " It is significant that Combeen adjusted as they must be before mission three is made up eltirely of peace is established and the country Chinese under the leadership of Dr. is unified and strengthened. From Cheng, president of the Chinese Home Szechuan, West China, come encour- Missionary Society. To have at this aging reports of cessation of hostili- time a group of Chinese leaders tell ties, conferences between opposing their own people what Christianity factions, improvements in business means to China will have a signifiand new interest in the Christian cance for the Chinese people that no message. From other parts of China, utterance from any other conference as in Shensi, come reports of turmoil ever had.

and clashes between Northern and Southern forces, conscription, robber- Chinese Home Mission Eft'orts T ies, looting. Brigandage is prevalent HE Chinese Home Missionary So- ciety now reports over 2,000 mem~ in parts of Hunan and Yunnan, the cities of Suining and Tsingchow hav- bers, repres~nting eighteen provinces

and Christians abroad. Over 400 of veloped by Christian education. A these members have formed a union, fresh illustration of this comes in a promising to pray for the work of the story from the Presbyterian Girls'

society at least once a day. There School in Siangtan, of a fourteen- are now nine regularly appointed year-old girl in the school, who had Chinese missionaries-a total (includ- been engaged to a seventeen-year-old ing wives and families), of twenty- boy. In. the early autumn her grandone persons-at work in the province father died. The mother-in-law then of Yunnan. These Chinese workers sent for the girl to come home, which have all been most carefully selected, she refused to do, saying that she had and are well equipped for their work lived in the family less than a year both by education and experience. and most of that time she had to beg. The members of a commission, sent to She also contended that the engage- Yunnan by the society to study the ment was made by an aunt without the conditions there, were engaged in dep- consent of the father, and as soon as utation work among the churches in North, Central, East and South China self-support could be attained she after their return, and a large in- promised to repay them for all the crease in membership is expected to rice she had eaten, but never would result, as the Chinese Christians feel she consent to marrying the son. more deeply their responsibility to First an uncle came to persuade her make the Gospel known in this needy part of their home land. to change her mind, then they brought her father and another relative, and finally the seventeen-year-old boy came with the grandmother. They A Christian Statesman threatened, they scolded, they DR. W. W. YEN, acting Prime Min- stormed, but all to no avail, nothing ister for the Chinese Republic, is could change the girl's determination only forty-three years old. He was to go on studying. She wants to be- appointed China '8 delegate to the come a Bible woman.

Washington Conference, but could not attend because of the crisis at Peking. Business Men in China Dr. Yen is the son of an eminent I N Chefoo, China, a company of Chinese clergyman, the late Rev. Y. business men have formed a local K. Yen, M.A., of Shanghai, and was Chinese Independent Church. Due to educated at St. John's University, the efforts of these men. there has Shanghai, and at the University of been a most unique conversion in the Virginia. He was appointed second secretary of the Chinese Legation at new Model Prison. The convert was Washington in 1908, became General at one time Chief of Police, a highly Counsellor of the Ministry of Foreign educated gentleman, but for conniv- Affairs three years later, and Under- Secretary for Foreign Affairs when ing at an attempt to smuggle contrathe first government of the Republic band 'op,ium, he was sentenced to was organized. When war broke out six years' imprisonment. He became he was Chinese Minister to Germany, and he then went to Denmark, whence interested in the Gospel and signified he was recalled in 1920, to become his desire to be baptized. Two elders Minister of Foreign Affairs. of the Ihdependent Church went to Missionary Herald. the prison and in the presence of the keeper and 400 fellow prisoners he was baptized. Since then. like Joseph, he has found great favor with the keeper of the prison, and wears an The New Chinese W(}man armlet bearing the characters " a STRENGTH of character is an out· good man." He is sent from cell to standing trait of the modern cell to settle all troubles and is re- Chinese woman who is being de- garded as a kind and just mediator.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Present Opium Problem him to pray and preach, in fact, ask- ing him to do so. Some of the robbers T HE present opium problem in said, " Yes, he preaches all right, for China may be taken to be the re- that is what we have heard in the crudescence of the planting of the South." The robbers shared their poppy and also the vast smuggling food with him, and during a battle of opium into China. The drug prob- between the soldiers and the bandits lem is represented now by twenty tons the captives were abandoned and so of morphia yearly smuggled into freed. The doctor gives all the glory China; this does not include heroin, to God in providing that way of escocaine, and similar products, which, cape. judged from the amounts occasionally seized by the Customs, are reaching Escape from Chinese Captors China in ever-increasing quantities.

Since the Central Government does H ERBERT PARKER, a missionnot possess the power to make itself ary of the China Inland Mission, obeyed, its mandates concerning poppy at Yunnanfu, who was captured by culture are disobeyed by officials, who' Chinese brigands in West China last revert to opium planting as a source August, escaped in September. His of revenue. captors were holding Mr. Parker as Imported morphia comes chiefly a hostage, hoping to force the Chinfrom Japan, which receives most of it ese authorities to give a ransom or from the United States. Official fig- accede to other demands. A promise ures show that Japan'!! annual impor- of Scripture greatly comforted the tation of morphia increased from 25,000 oz. in 1907 to 600,000 oz. in missionary: "He shall let go my cap- 1917. This morphia is said to be man- tives, not for price or reward, saith ufactured in America from opium im- the Lord of Hosts." (Isaiah 45: 13) . ported for the purpose. For years The brigand captor, Pu, later sent Christian Britain was reproached for back most of the missionary's belongher responsibility for China's humil- ings and enclosed a letter saying that iation through opium. he wished to reform and become a good citizen.

The Life of If'aith.

JAPAN-CHOSEN Experiences ….ith the Bandits Cooperation Increasing T EN of the Christians in Ichowfu, REV. L. J. SHAFER, in the Chris- China, have been captured by tian Intelligencer, discusses the bandits within the last few months. present relation between the missions One old Christian past eighty years and the native churches in Japan. He old was held for ransom, which his says: "The ·trend is in the direction grandson was attempting to raise. of closer cooperation. The whole Y. He praised the Lord in his escape and M. C. A. movement in the empire has given about $1,000 for a chapel in has been put into the hands of a Japhis section of the country. Another anese general secretary. The Ameriman, aged sixty years, who was a can Board Mission has merged its graduate from one of the old "peri- evangelistic work with the Mission patetic" medical schools taught by Board of the Kumiai (Congregathe missionary doctors before the days tional) Church. The location of misof medical· schools, was carried off sionaries, the return of missionaries from the village where he was practic- to Japan after furlough, the allocaing. When the robbers found out tion of the evangelistic budget-in that he was a "believer" and a dis- short, all the questions having to do penser of medicine, they said, "Why with evangelistic work hitherto in the did we invite you Y" However, they hands of the mission-now come unheld him twenty-five days, allowing der the purview of the Mission Board

of the Kumiai Church, on which there ment has granted permission religious are three missionaries to be appointed. liberty college at Seoul, Avison." This is, of course, the limit to which The Chosen Christian College, of any mission can go. It is not so which Dr. O. R. Avison is president, much cooperation as absorption. It has since its founding been denied will be instructive to watch the prac- the freedom to include the compulsory tical working out of this plan. and it teaching of Bible within its authormay be the .one which the whole mis- ized curriculum. The college has consionary movement should adopt at ducted voluntary Bible classes and this time, but to many it seems the voluntary chapel exercises outside of final step previous to the withdrawal the required curriculum hours. The of missionary forces from the empire, Cooperating Board for Christian Edand no one, scarcely, would take the ucation in Chosen at its latest meetground that that time had now come. ' , ing, January 27, 1922, again con- sidered this question and passed a Girls in Japanese Factories vigorous resolution which closed as 'follows: "There is earnest hope that B EFORE Christian missionaries be- the government authorities will be gan agitation for reform in Jap- able to provide for entire religious anese factory conditions fifteen years freedom without placing an instituago, the evils were almost unbeliev- tion beyond the bounds of the benefits ably bad. Children under five were which now obtain solely under govemployed; the hours were frOID ernment recognition and charter." twelve to eighteen at a stretch. The It appears from this cablegram that same beds were used by two shifts and the hopes and efforts of many years so were always in use and indescrib- have finally come to happy fruition. ably filthy. The food was poor and the wages averaged three yen a month. Korean Women Organize Moral conditions were awful. Sin was their only pleasure. T HE most recent development, in women's work in Korea is the or- Miss Holland, the pioneer worker ganization of an educational associaamong the girls in Matsuyama, rented tion of educated women in the counrooms near a factory and taught girls try. The idea was 'conceived and is in two shifts the Bible and three R's being promoted by a number of young -the night shift from 6 to 7 a. m. women graduates from the mission and the day shift from 6 to 7 p. m. schools. Several have been traveling Ruffians attacked the girls on the way around the country promoting the to the school and the police gave no association. Many leaders of the adequate protection. movement are non-Christians and frankly are not interested in Chris- Conditions are still far from satis- tianity, but many of the best of the factory but there are some reasons for leaders are ardent Christian workers encouragement. Many factories are and are trying to inject Christian now clean, well lighted, and venti- principles into the movement. lated. Good food and sleeping accommodations, ten hours' work, bath tubs, At present it is an association for laundries, uniforms, and fair wages the promotion of education among are provided. Morals are much bet- girls. Korea has never had any code ter. In some there is opposition to of ethics or rule of manners to govern Christian teaching but in others Chris- the acts of girls of the ages fifteen to tian girls are preferred. twenty-five. Girls of this age usually were segregated in the women's Liberty for College at Seoul quarters and were not supposed to be seen by anyone outside of their im- T HE Presbyterian Board of For- mediate families. That is all being eign ,Missions' has received a cablegram, from' Seoul reading, "Govern-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

changed, and the girls are openly at- in Seoul and in several other places.

tending school and factories. The increased interest in Sunday- The Cl.mtinent. school work has come to stay and will be followed up with all the machinery Social Problem.s in Korca and strength of the organized Church.

T HE native Christian Church in AFRICA Korea today is confronted by many new problems. The factory The Blank in the Text problem is uppermost, because Japan, the overlord of Korea, has virtually ON the wall of a mission building no factory law except one forbidding in North Africa the missionaries women and children to work before painted John 3: 16 in Arabic. Next 6 A.M. and after 10 P.M. Hundreds morning there was a blank in the text. of Korean children work as late as During the night some Mohammedans 10 o'clock at night in the factories, had come and painted out the words; and especially in the government's "His Only Begotten Son"-for Islam tobacco and cigar factories. Till denies that the Lord Jesus is God's fifteen years ago young girls would Son-denies, indeed that God ever never have been seen outside the in- had a Son. ner apartments of their father's houses, but now hundreds of young Their action was symbolic. In girls work late in the factories-and North Africa Christianity was once with men overseers. Labor strikes supreme. fomented by the new labor-unions are becoming common in Korea, and the What the midnight visitors did on Church will need soon to take a stand the mission wall Mohammedanism has on the labor question. done in North Africa.

The Japanese are changing great But the missionaries who put the stretches of rice lands into poppy text up on their wall were not to be nelds, and the morphine made from beaten. The words which the Mosthem is smuggled into China, which lems had deleted were promptly rehas outlawed the opium traffic. Many stored, only to be blotted out again. little children are used in gathering Again they were restored, and again the poppy seed, licking the sweet- blotted out; and the strangle struggle tasting juice from their hands. went on until the Mohammedans grew weary and left the text alone. Then followed a remarkable result. The words, "His Only Begotten Son," had been so often painted in and Sunday-School Growth in Korea painted out that they could be read more clearly than all the rest; and REV. WILljIAM N. BLAIR, D.D., when the bulk of the text had faded, of Pyengyang, GeJleral Secretary , 'His Only Begotten Son" still stood of the Sunday-school Committee in out, vivid and insistent. Korea, values the year of special Sunday-school emphasis as follows: (1) A Chief's Appeal for Schools In the large number of children crowding Sunday-schools every- FROM Angola, West Africa, comes the story of the chief of the Galwhere; (2) in the reorganization enge tribe refusing to rule longer unalong the efficient lines stressed dur- less a missionary is sent to live among ing the campaign; (3) in the appoint- his people. He says, "I cannot conment of permanent committees on trol the Galenge unless I have schools Sunday-school work in all presby- like those of the American Mission teries and conferences; (4) in the ap- among the Ovimbundu." At last pointment of special Sunday-school growing weary of waiting, he has re- workers by the various presbyteries signed. and conferences; (5) in the organi- In consequence the Negro members zation of a Sunday-school Association of Congregational churches in the

United States are planning to estab- itself responsible for the education of lish a station at Galenge under the 80,000 boys and girls. American Boaru. Canon Blackledge, writing in the Slavery in Abyssinia Church Missionary Outlook, points out three great dangers which seem I MPORTATION of firearms into to him to threaten the spiritual life Abyssinia from America is greatly of the Uganda Church. The first is hindering peace and the progress of the bias of pagan heredity. civilization in that isolated land. These firearms are used, among other Second is the influence of Euro" things, to promote slave raids on peans. To the Baganda all Europeans British territory. Dr. Dyce, attached are alike, in that all come from Euto the British Legation at Adis Ababa, rope and, therefore, all must be Chrissays that 10,000 slaves were taken to tians. It is becoming clear, however, the slave market at Jimma. Many that many white men do not put God were killed in the raids and hundreds 1l.rst in their lives; drinking, nondied on the march. If the importa- observance of Sunday, and other habtion of firearms and ammunition its are observed; and this example recould be prevented it would be more acts upon the Baganda Christians, easy to put a stop to this traffic in and many turn aside and no longer human beings. European powers walk with God. have agreed to make arms and ammunition contraband but America is Third is the increase of wealth. not a party to the agreement. It is Within the last ten years there has incongruous that Abyssinia, the only poured into Uganda what, from the remaining independent state in Af- native standpoint, is great wealth. rica should be the only home of slav- Millions of rupees have passed into ery, and that America~' should indi- the hands of Baganda, especially from rertly support slave trade. the sale of cotton. The "deceitful- ness of riches" has been terribly man- Mr. Cecil Harmsworth, Under-Sec- ifest, the old simplicity haS passed retary of State for Foreign Affairs, away, the mad desire for money has in the House of Commons, stated that pushed the desire for God out of mnny of the slaves in Abyssinia are many hearts. British subjects forcibly seized by raiders who crossed into British terri- What Converts Give Up tory in the Sudan or in East Africa. MRS. FRED W. NEAL, of the "The essential thing to do is to Presbyterian Mission in the limit the supply of arms and am- Cameroun, West Africa, gives a picmunition to Abyssinia. Without fire- ture of the heathenism which their arms the slavers would be unable to African converts leave behind when capture and carry off their victims. " they accept Christianity. She writes: ,, One man became a Christian re- Present Perils in Uganda cently who gave up twelve wives and his slaves. This was a direct answer T HE story of the Uganda Church to prayer in which home friends had is one of the romances of modern a big part. He is the chief of this lClSSlons. In that part of Africa vicinity, and controls the river crosswhich was only discovered sixty years ing. This means much to us as the ago, and in which missionary work l~rgest part of our work is across the has been carried on for only forty-five nver. ~v('ars, there is today a great native Church of some 110,000 baptized , ,Another man who became a Chris- Christians, a native ministry of sev- tian recently gave up his fetish that enty-two ordained men, with some contained the skeletons of two chil- 3,500 native evangelists and school- dren. Another, who was considered masters, and the Church is making a great doctor, gave up his !medicine' which consisted of a ram's horn, con-

!l22] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

taining a spear that killed a man, a Egypt today, this American Christian piece of cutlass that wounded a per- institution possesses an opportunity, son, the blood of chickens and dogs here at the intellectual center of the along with several other things. The Mohammedan world, almost unparal- spear is supposed to have the strength leled in the whole world.

of the man who was killed with it."

Palestine as it is Today PORTUGESE EAST AFRICA A RE CENT visitor to Palestine re- A DEPUTATION from the Congre- . ports in The Continent as follows gational Churches of South Af- on his impressions: "In Haifa I saw rica has been sent to the Inhambane everywhere signs and notices in three district to study the missionary situ- language: English, the language of ation. Dr. F. B. Bridgman and a na- the mandatory British government; tive evangelist took the journey from Arabic, the language of the indige- Johannesburg. Crowds of the natives nous inhabitants; and Hebrew, the gave the deputation enthusiastic wel- language of the Jews from many lands. come in every place. Work has been The striking thing to me was the large opened by American Board represen- numbers of young men in various tatives in twenty-six centers and styles of clothing, but all evidently more places are calling for teachers. recent arrivals from the lands of Jew- In five district meetings the attend- ish dispersion …… Certainly the difance was about 900, over half of them ficulties in the way of the Jews taking naked" raw heathen." The Christian Palestine again for their very own membership at Inhambane numbers are great, and among them is the inabout 350 communicants and catechu- experience of these Ziouist colonists mens. in self-government. There is also the problem of the present owners of the The need is great. In a population land in country and town, almost all of 750,000 there are only six main of whom strongly resent the coming stations. Three societies, Methodist of the Jews in such large numbers. Episcopal, Free Methodist and Con- And by no means least is the problem gregational are at work-compared of the possession of such places as the with thirty societies and 100 main ancient temple area in Jerusalem and stations in Natal.

MOSLEM LANDS the caves of Machpelah in Hebron. Building for Cairo University The Moslem will not surrender these places willingly, and I doubt whether A BEAUTIFUL Egyptian palace, the Jewish people will be long con- once the home of a pasha, is now tent without them, particularly if a the main building of the American national spirit grows."

University at Cairo. In this building in 1910 Theodore Roosevelt made Harvest after Many Years O the memorable speech which so stirred CTOBER 16, 1921, stands out as a memorable day in the history all the British Empire. It is therefore quite fitting that an American of the Church of Christ in Tabriz, for institution of learning should occupy nine Persian women were admitted this same building. The institution to full membership and a baptismal is in its second year with an enrolment and communion service was held in of over two hundred carefully chosen the parlor of the Girls' School, at Egyptian students, sixty per cent of which thirteen converts from Moham- whom are Mohammedans. There are medanism took communion. One of three college classes at present and these nine women, a graduate of the one class is added each year until the Girls' School in Tabriz, is a member full quota of college classes will have of a family which, long years ago, in been completed. With the insistent the early days of the mission, some demand for educated leadership in of the first missionaries visited regu-

larly, because of their' interest in Crime in England C Christianity. Another, a young teacher ONDITIONS in England last year as compared with those in tlie Girls' School, who has wanted to be added to' the church for some prevailing before the war are inditime but who feared persecution, de- cated in some degree by 1he reports cided to put her trust in God, come of the Commissioners of Prisons for what may, Two other sisters re- 1913-14 and for 1920-21. These show member the visits of the older mission- that crime has decreased as follows aries to their home but trace their in the past seven years: Murder, etc.

acceptance of Christ to Mrs. Jessup's 10% ; burglary, etc., 20%; em- faithful teaching. "Thus it is," bezzlements,etc., 30,%; drunkenness writes Miss L. B. Beaber, who sends has decreased from 51,851 cases of this report, "that the long years of arrest in a year to 8,752, and prosti- prayerful service of women mission- tution from 7,952 to 2,958 cases.

aries are bearing fruit." The Commissioners attribute this decrease to various causes–better EUROPE education, better working conditions, Mormon Propaganda in England higher wages, larger savings, temper- RECENT English papers report ance, war pensions, juvenile courts, that the press has been greatly the disappearance of the extreme desaroused by the methods of Mormon titution of the days before the war. missionaries. It is estimated that The Governor of Durham Prison, says, however: ".A new stamp of 20,000 English girls have been lured offenders has sprung into existence. to Utah in the last ten years, for the Men and women of respectable ante- Mormons maintain a so-called "Per- cedents, in regular employment and petual Emigration Fund," through not associated with the criminal class, which they have been able to take are taking to serious' crime (emthousands of English, Scottish, and bezzlement, fraud, false pretences, Scandinavian girls to Utah. Here is housebreaking and robbery,) with one explanation, at least, of the pres- astounding facility."

ent number of Mormon members and adherents in the United States alone, Belgian Protestants which is computed by the Federal Colincil to be 1,646,170. One English T HE Protestants in Belgium numpaper says: ber only about 40,000 in a total population of 7,500,000, Yet there "Women who allow their daughters was a time during the reformation of to attend the Mormon ' services, ' the sixteenth century when Proteswhich are now held in a dozen tants were more ·numerous t.han Ro- man Catholics. Two Protestant orplaces in London and an equal number 'ganizations, the "Union des Eglises of cities throughout Great Britain, Protestantes Evangeliques" and the are immersing them in a sea from "Eglise Chretienne Missionaire," lawhich they cannot escape without bor in fraternal sympathy, maintain taint. That an English girl has once been a Mormon or has been known to joint committees for foreign missions attend Mormon 'services' is a serious and may be called sister churches. drawback to her throughout her life. There are today about fifty congre- "It has been suggested that the gations of Protestants and fifty min- halls of the Mormons be picketed and isters, only fifteen of wh6m, however, that every young women be turned are of Belgian nationality.' The others back who attempts to enter. This have come from France, Switzerland has been done in one instance at least, and Holland. Since the war Belgian and at the end of the week the Mor- Protestants have accepted the mis- mon priests quietly departed for sion work taken out of the hands of the greener pastures." Germans in two provinces of East

11122] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Africa-the Urundi and the Ruanda recently that there is a great oppor- -now under Belgian administration. tunity for evangelical Christianity in King Albert has shown his interest Italy. The two opposing forces are by giving a personal grant of 50,000 mistaken nationalism, which regards francs, and the Belgian minister of Protestantism as a foreign importa- colonies, who, according to the stip- tion, and religious intolerance which ulations of the treaty of Versailles, looks upon the Church of Rome as the had to commit that mission field to a only true church. The Waldenses are Protestant society, gave a grant of Italians and Protestants who have re- 25,000 francs. sided in Italy since the twelfth cen- tury and now number 21,610 church Mission Suisse-Romande members. There are also large num- T HIS enterprising and self-sacri- bers of Christians with other evan- ficing Swiss missionary society is gelical churches. Dr. Murri regards struggling with hard times. The an- the Church of Rome as decadent, and nual subscriptions amount to about says that there is a yearning for faith 69,000 francs. Last December the an- and spiritual food which can only be nouncement was made that if no more satisfied by the pure gospel of Christ.

was received than in 1920 there would be a deficit of 151,000 .francs. A Rebuilding Serbia B special season of prayer was arranged ELGRADE, the capital of Serbia, was in ruins for two years in the for and an urgent appeal was made for increased contributions. As a re- recent war and Germans, Austrians, suit 62,000 francs were contributed, . Magyars and Bulgars took away pracbut the society is still carrying a defi- tically everything, including cooking cit of 89,000 francs. utensils,. brass fittings, chairs, tables, Waldenslans In:8uential pianos, books, etc. Serbians are make ing every effort to build up the ruins, FROM a persecuted sect, the Wald- but are so suspicious of Bulgaria and ensians of Italy have advanced in Hungary that they have voted two their status until they now furnish and a half milliards for their army, political leaders and officeholders in and only two milliards for everything large numbers. The mayor of Venice is a Waldensian. The city of Flor- else, including education and religion. ence has just chosen a Waldensian Before the war Serbia had a popufor vice-mayor, and members of the sect are in high favor in Rome. The lation of only four. million and now Waldensian Church is taking a more in Jugo-Slavia the population is over vigorous attitude with regard to the thirteen million. Religiously, the popevangelization of Italy than ever be- ulation of Jugo-Slavia includes: Greek Orthodox ………….. 7,000,000· Roman Catholics ………….. 5,000,000 fore, and some American churches are Moslems ………………… 1,400,000 carrying on work through this or- I'rotestants ……………… 200,000 ganization. Large numbers of the The Greek Orthodox Church has Italians are rationalists, and it is been the state church in Serbia for among these that the Waldensians are centuries; Croatia on the other hand ,. doing their greatest work. since the eighth century has been in United Presbyterian. the main Roman Catholic, and Croatia is sending ninety deputies to Parlia- Protestant Progress in Italy ment in Belgrade which will consist DR. ROMOLO MURRI, editor of of about four hundred deputies. the Modernist paper Renascin- Members of all religions will be free mento of Rome, and a former member before the law and all are to be helped of the Italian Parliament is an intel- alike by the State in proportion to lectual leader but not identified with their membership.

the Protestants. He, however, writes There is a movement in the Greek

Orthodox Church to use modern in- Rev. W. K. Cunningham writes: "We stead of ancient Serbian in the church hope that we shall soon ha.ve some- services so that the common people thing definite to combat the vice that may understand the words of the everywhere surrounds the young peo- Liturgy. ple in Cuba."

Serbia is mak;ing great strides to- Training Paraguay's Leaders ward physical reconstruction, but the moral and religious regeneration is a T HE Colegio Internacional, in slower process, and requires spiritual Asuncion, Paraguay, is now in its forces. third year, and already it has doubled its enrollment over that of the previ- DeDland for Bibles in Russia ous year. Mr. Elliott, director of the T HE Finnish Church Home Mis- school, writes that the enrollment sion Society has headquarters in would be doubled again if t~ey but had the town of Sortavala, near the Rus-· the room. Among the friends of the sian frontier, and has carried on there institution can be found the leading since before the World War a well men of Paraguay, including the Presequipped Bible Ho'use, for the pro- ident of the Republic, many Congress- men, and prominent professional and duction of Bibles and hymnbooks in business men. In the student body Finnish. The spiritual need in Rus- are boys from many of the best homes sia today and the present demand in Paraguay, and they come from all there for Bibles have stirred the so- parts of the Republic-the leauers of ciety to enlarge its equipment and to the Paraguay of the future. appeal to American Christians for financial help, to enable them to become the center of supply for the Japanese in Brazil I distribution of Bibles in Russia. Typ- T is reported that there are thirty thousand Japanese in Brazil withical instances of the demand, quoted from their recent report, are of a ~ut any religious teachers, not even preacher in Siberia, who writes that Buddhist. A young Christian J appeople have offered him a horse or a anese in New York, Midori Kobayashi, cow for a single Bible, and of a re- hearing this, determined to go to ligious publisher in Moscow who Brazil to be a missionary to his fellow writes that there has never been such countrymen, instead of returning to a demand for the Gospel heard of be- . Japan. He is a graduate of the fore, and there is nothing with which Doshisha in 1916, and of Auburn Semto satisfy it. The small stock of Bibles inary in 1921. He applied to the is distributed according to the dif- American Board for appointment, but ferent congregations. Sometimes, but their rules prevent them from comvery seldom, they are able to give two missioning natives as missionaries, So he has decided to take up the work copies to one great congregation. independently, at his own expense.

LATIN AMERICA Congregationalist.

A Revival in Caba SOUTHERN Methodist workers in NORTH AMERICA Antilla, Cuba, report the holding of very successful revival services, Progress of Church Federation • which were attended by large congre- T HE St. Louis Federation of Churches has had employed sec- gations. Many came forward avow- retaries for more than ten years, and ing their purpose to lead a Christian its budget for last year exceeded life, and thirty-seven signed the card $25,000. There are now not more than promising to enter church member- half a dozen major cities in America ship. A young men's Bible class was where federations are not in existence organized, and a movement to secure or being organized. The federation a library for the community begun. idea, while leaving each church the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sense of entire freedom in its own 8,964 churches had been heard from.

work, has given to all cooperating Hundreds of churches have held re- churches a sense of solidarity that vival meetings during this last year.

results in confidence in the Protestant It seems to be the plan of the major- Church and it has brought the con- ity of churches to have part in the sciousness of strength by which dif- Pre-Easter 'Each One Win One' Cam- ficult tasks are undertaken. It is paign and then in the summer or fall producing an attitude of respect on to have a revival meeting. There was the part of the general public, which great stress put upon training for'

was not the case when petty jealous- personal evangelism in all the ies and ecclesiastical ambitions made churches. Most all the Sunday-schools team work an impossibility. observed at least one decision day.

Making Over Elli. Island Evangelism has been at the fore in all conventions, county, district, state and CONDITIONS under which immi- national. .About six evangelistic in- grants are received and 'detained stitutes have been held this last year at Ellis Island are being revolution- and others are being planned now for ized as a result of the recently com- 1922."

pleted survey of the ·United States How the Denominations Give bureau of immigration volunteer advisory committee on immigrant wel- T HE gifts of Protestant Churches fare, in cooperation with Commis- in .America for all purposes dursioner R. E. Tod. The committee's ing the year 1920 amounted to more unanimous recommendations include than' $200,000,000, according to the the appointment of an official director statistics compiled by Dr. W. E. of information, the appointment of Lampe, of Philadelphia, Secretary of interpreters, speaking several lan- the United Stewardship Council. The guages and having training in social Southern Presbyterian Church led all work; the development of a plan for denominations in the United States the systematic interchange of permis- in per capita gifts to benevollmt sible information between detained causes during 1920. The statistical immigrants and their waiting friends; table shown below gives the amounts separate and improved day and night contributed for benevolent causes and quarters for women with young children; the holding of Jewish, Cath- for pastors' salaries and congregaolic and Protestant religious services on Sunday, with occasional services tional expenses; for other groups if needed; and provision for welfare workers on duty at Missions Congre- and Be- gation- nevo- al Ex- lences pensea Presbyterian (South) $11.81 $15.04 rn:ted Presbyterian ……… 9.43 16.82 Methc·dlst, Canada ….••….• 8.70 15.78 all hours of the day and night. Friends n America ………. 8.31 19.33 I?of('rm~d in America • . . . . . . . Eva,ngelism among the Disciples Presbyterian U. S. A. (North).. 5.79 16.12 Pretestant Episcopal .. ,….. 5.17 15.74 Congregational ………..~. . . 5.11 17.12 5.07 15.09 AT their St. Louis convention a year Methodist Episcopal (North) .. 5.04 13.61 Evangelical Association ….. 4.96 20.72 ago, the Church of the Disciples Moravian …. . . . . . . . . . . . 4.59 14.05 adopted a program of evangelism, to United Brethern ………… 4.36 12.07 Northern Baptist Convention.. 3.26 11.19 add 1,000.000 members in five years Reformpd in United States .. ,. 3.17 9.19 Methnc1ist Protestant …….. 3.17 8.45 in all of its fields, both at home and Chr;stian Convention …….. 3.17 8.17 United Lutheran ………… 2.90 8.85 abroad. The first year of the five Disciples of Christ ………. 2.83 8.07 now being over, the World Call sum- The per capita gift of members of marizes its results as follows: "The the Southern Presbyterian Church for reports from 3,377 churches show that benevolent causes for the year ending 125,000 were added during the year, May 31, 1921, the lastest figures avail- 75,000 of whom were by baptism. It able, amounted to $14.89, a gain of is impossible to imagine wha:)t the $3.09 over the per capita of the pregrand total might have been if all the ,ious year.

Next Sunday-School Oonvention TIndian Survey Oo_pleted HE .American Indian Survey, T HE 8,000 delegates who are ex- launched under the Interchurch pected to assemble at the opening World Movement in 1919, is to be of the Sixteenth International Sunday, completed by means of ten confer- School Convention, at Kansas City, ences being held throughout the west June 21 to 27, 1922, represent nearly and southwest this spring. .A pro- 20,000,000 in Protestant Sunday- gram was worked out with workers . schools. Canada reports; Sunday- on the field, and the conferences give schools, 10,335; officers and teachers, opportunity to check up findings and 94,204; pupils, 904,513; while the make the data as accurate as possible United States responds with; Sunday- before publication. The conferences schools, 145,957; officers and teach- were held in .Albuquerque, N. M., ers, 1,583,491; pupils, 16,131,733. Dr. Phoenix, .Ariz., and Sherman Insti- Marion Lawrance, for over twenty tute, Riverside, Cal.; Sacramento, years secretary of the International Cal.; Salem, Ore.; Seattle, Wash; Sunday-School .Association, is execu- Billings, Mont.; Sioux Falls, S. D.; tive secretary of the Committee of Flandreau, S. D.; and Pipestone, .Arrangements and Program. Minn.

The scope of the convention will be ISLANDS OF THE SEA unusually broad, as for the first time in the history of Sunday-school work Missionary Suecess in Papua all the forces interested are uniting, the International Sunday-School .As- C.APT.AIN FR.ANK HURLEY, a sociation and the Sunday-School journalist and traveler who has Council of Evangelical Denominations recently made an extended visit to having merged their aims, plans and Papua, has this to say of the work activities. The new Educational of the missionaries there; ,'I know Committee will make its first report nothing of the spiritual operations, at this time, a report which will mark but the material results achieved in a new· era in religious education for education and treatment of disease both the United States and Canada. are nothing short of marvelous. The treatment of disease is practiced at Preacher in an Aeroplane every mission station. I have seen countless frightful wounds and hide- T HE circuit rider is still to be found ous sores cured by their gentle care in the ranks of the Methodist Epis- and attention. .All schooling equip- copal Church, and he uses many dif- ment and medical stores are provided ferent methodB of transportation- from mission funds, but in the near snowshoes, rowboat, dog-team, auto- future the Government intends sub- mobile. and horse-back. The Rev. sidizing the work from funds raised Frank Scott Hollett, of Lisbon, North by native taxation. The policy of the Dakota, is the first circuit rider, so far mission is to make the natives citi- as is known, to "make" his various zens, of a disintegrated and confused preaching points by aeroplane. He people a nation. Denomination is sub- commenced last October when a young merged in this grand principle, which aviator-a member of his congrega- surely is an ideal to be admired rather tion-took him to a point several than maligned. Education means miles distant by air-route. By means that the native will become more use- of the aeroplane, Mr. Hollett is en- ful, resourceful, and individual ; abled to preach six or eight times on from a common serf he will develop Sunday instead of four. On his first into a thinking intellectual being, trip he carried a Bible and 3· large capable of more efficient and special. quantity of " good literature" for dis- ized service." tribution. "The pastor literally brought a message from heaven, " was Australian Missionary Re,view. the comment of one paper.

MlISSIIONAllY J[JBRARY

Problems in Pan-Americanism. By Sam· Inman's studies, travel and work for uel Guy Inman. 8 VO. 415 pp. $2.00 net. George H. Doran Co., New York. nearly twenty years. He knows the Latin-Americans personally and they 1921.

In the providence of God North know and trust him. It is worth America was settled by Protestants while to tap his sources of first hand from northern Europe, while Central knowledge and to see Pan-American and South America were colonized problems through his eyes. Of espe- by those from Roman Catholic coun- cial value are his. many apt quotations tries. The practical value of the two from Latin-Americans vtehreymsseelvveers~ forms of Christianity can best be some of whom speak in studied in the effects produced on the terms of their northern neighbor.

moral and intellectual life of the two These republics have immense assets continents. North America's prob- which are largely undeveloped. The lems have increased in proportion to people in some districts suffer from the immigrants that have come from the very prodigality of the natural non-Protestant lands and Latin Amer- resources. Their problems include ican countries have generally pro- the presence of multitudes of poor gressed in proportion as they have unlettered Indians and halfbreeds: broken away from Roman Catholic the caste spirit introduced from Eu: control. Both continents show the rope; the in:fl.ux of many immigrants need of more enlightened Christian to exploit the country; the prevalence teaching and obedience to the Word of immorality, gambling, alcoholism of God. and the lack of thorough, well bal- Latin America's political ideals anced education. Argentina Uru- have been taken from North America guay, Brazil and Chile are progressive and her industrial and commercial but the other republics are still back- life are closelv linked to North Amer- ward.

ica and Northern Europe but her in- After describing the assets and tellectual, moral, social and religious problems of Latin-America, Mr. In- ideals come from Southern. Europe man recounts the efforts to produce and nave produced materialism and understanding, friendliness and co- agnosticism. One of the greatest fac- operation between the northern and tors in the "Problems in Pan-Ameri- southern republics, the causes of friccanism" is a difference between the tion, the effect of the World W ~ and standards and ideals of North and North America's actions in Mexico South. This often breeds suspicion, Panama and the Caribbean countries: jealousy and rivalry. The strength, He believes in the elimination of the and at times the lack of tact in people "Big Stick" and "Shirt Sleeve" di- of the United States of North Ameri- plomacy and in the cultivation of ca, has often aroused the Southern friendship by unselfish statesmanship republics and has caused discord educational interchanges and spirit: where there should be unity. The ual ambassadors or Protestant Chris- truly Christian forces and wise states- tian missionaries.

men, the missionary tours of such men The book is packed full of valuable as Mr. Inman, have helped to bring first-hand information. It answers about a better understanding and to cle~ly numerous questions on politics produce harmony on a solid basis. education, e'conomic conditions and This volume is the result of Mr. similar topics, gives less information 415

as to moral conditions and still less written and the others have been re- concerning spiritual needs. It should vised.

without doubt lead North .Americans No other small volume gives to us a to understand and sympathize more larger amount of well-arranged inwith their southern neighbors. It formation on the origin and growth should also lead us to recognize and of Islam, its doctrinal teachings and respond more adequately to the moral practical effects, and the great task of and spiritual needs of these people. the Christian Church in regard to it. There is no other power to solve the Popular in form, as. its purpose reproblems of Pan-.Americanism than quires it to be, it is none the less the the power of the pure Gospel of work of a hard student, and bears the Christ of which vast multitudes of mark of genuine scholarship. Canon Latin-American lands are still ignor- Gairdner also possesses what we beant. lieve is a most difficult virtue for a Schwartz of Tanjore. By Jesse Page. missionary author to acquire, a re- Dlustrated. 8 vo. 203 pp. S. P. C. K. markable degree of fairness in his London; Macmillan 00., New York. 1921. treatment of a rival faith. Best of all India came into contact with Prot- the author is an optimist: for while estant Christianity when the Dutch he recognizes the extreme difficulty missionaries undertook work in Cey- of the task confron,ting the Christian lon but the first abiding mission on Church, he yet believes with unshaken the maillland was established in 1706 faith that the Gospel is the power of when Ziegenbalg came from Den- God unto salvation even to the Mos- mar),- Then in 1750 came to Tanjore lem.

the great Lutheran missionary Chris- tian, Frederick Schwartz, "a star of Church Cooperation in Community Life.

the first magnitude," who in turn in- By Paul L. Vogt. Size, 12mo. (5xHs spired Henry Martyn with mission- inches). Pages, 172. Price, net, $1.00. ary zeal. The story of this remark- 'fhe Abingdon Press, New York. 1921. able man and his fruitful work should be familiar to every Christian. His By the term community, the author piety, tact, industry and ability made means those centers of less than 25,000 him a power as philanthropist, states- population. In 1920, 50,886,889 peoman and missionary. He spent forty- ple in the United States lived in such eight years in India and so won the territory. The fact that 20,000,000 of esteem of Hindus and Moslems that these rural people are not affiliated they used him as a medium for nego- with any religious organization contiations with the British government. stitutes in the mind of Mr. Vogt a challenge for trained leadership un- His -tomb was erected by the Raja of equalled in the history of the world. It is an economic challenge. The gen- Tanjore.

The Rebuke of Islam. W. H. T. Gairdner. eral condition of the farmer must be Illustrated. Paper covered. 3 shillings. made better or else he will become fer- United Council fOl" Mission Education, tile soil for the 1. W. W. and other London. 1921. radical socialistic propaganda, as seen This is an old friend in new form, in the wheat fields and lumber camps being none·other than the Reproach of of the Northwest. It is also a social Islam (published ten years ago) in challenge. This is based on the prop- the fifth edition. The change of name osition that moral life finds expression is due to the ambiguity of the old through social and recreational activ- title, which conveyed to some minds a ities. Hence the Church should pro- derogatory implication regarding the vide proper buildings and proper religion of Mohammed, not in the in- supervision for social recreation. The tention of the author. The new edi- volume shows in a forceful way the tion is not, however, a mere reprint. unique opportunity of the rural pas– Two of the chapters have been re- tor in leading community thought..

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1920

XLIII· NUMBER

OCTOBER, 1920 AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN JENNY DE MAYER A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE H. E. PHILIPS TURKISH IDEAS OF GOD GEORGE E. WHITE SOME THINGS MISSIONARIES NEED WALTER C. ERDMAN AND OTHERS PROGRAMS FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS MRS. E. C. CRONK PROGRAMS ON THE BIBLE AND MISSIONS MRS. W. H. FARMER $2~50 A. YEAR . 25 CEl'-(T$ A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COlllPINY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK {56 FIFTH AVE., tmw YORK

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CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER. 1920 Page FRONTISPIECE-MISSIONARY EQUIPMICNT EDITORIAL COMMEKT …………………………………………… . 855 A MISSIONARY CONFICRlCNCE IN SWI'rZICRI,AND POLITICS AND RELIGION IN KOREA A FICI.WWSHIP OF FAITH . Nllw Hopll FOR MIlXICO RELIGIOUS RIlVIVAI,S IN CHINA AMERICA IN SANTO DOMINGO AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JIlNNY DE MAYER 864 A slory of mission-ary adventure in an effort to reach with the Gospel the people of the forbidden land of Afghanistan.

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE …………………. REV. H. E. PHII.IPS 875 A sample of the questions and objections of a M aslem inquirer into the truth of Christianity, and the replies of a missionary. May be adapted for a missionary meeting at home. .

TURKISH IDEAS OF GOD ……………. PRESIDENT GEORGE E. WHI'rE, D. D. 885 What the Mohammedans of Turkey conceive to be the character and COn- duct of God as revealed in the Koran, and pictured in their traditions.

SOME THINGS MISSIONARIES NEED ………………………………. 891 Letters from missionaries telling of the equipment needed from America in order that they may accomplish their best work in mission IStations, thousands of miles from the base of supplies.

WALTER C. ERDMAN, KORICA PAUL W. HARRISON, ARABIA MRS. C. F. BERNHeISEL, KORICA MRS. JOHN VAN Ess, ARABIA MRS. A. K. REISCHAUER, JAPAN MRS. GUY W. HAMILTON, CEINA PAUL BURGIlSS, GUATEMALA MARY W. RIGGS, TURKEY EDITH C. DICKIIC, CHINA AI.DA B. ATCHISON, EGyPT RODERICK McLEOD, TmlC'1' JACOB A. RICIS, WIlST AFRICA MAUDIC NICWICI.I. WILLIAMS, SOUTH AMERICA BEST PROGRAMS FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS …… MRS. E. C. CRONK 911 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITIlD BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER 919 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 923 NEW BOOKS 942 MISSIONARY PERSONALS 943 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cent!'. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missienary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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!i ltobert ~. Speer, Pr..ident. Frank 1,. Brown, Vice-President. De1.yl.Il PieRon. Secretall' Walter McDou~, Trcuurcr 3J~U~li=;D 0 ee, Cooperatown, $2'!O y~ year ~ E;ditorial and BU~::.'Yor~cCi~56 Pilth Avenue, Ilar•a£n3,te1r8e7d9. .1 aecond-cl… matter at the POltoftice Cooperstown, New York, under the Ac;t of COP1rilrhted, 1920 As Barnum did it: a white elephant from trunk to tail The White Elephant of Siam ONE of the biggest fakes ever con- The real sacred white elephant;_ cocted-as laughable a story as ever from a sketch made on the spot has been told! P. T. Barnum perpetrated it, and an unsuspecting public, loving to A mo"g other good features, 0/ the October Isolle: be fooled, fell for it. You know the white elephant of the East-sacred keeper of the spirits of royalty- himself a dweller in regal palaces-with retinues of priests and servant~! There was Barnum's offer- $250,000 for the loan of the elephant for a year-priests, attendants, etc'! What happened, how a ruse was invented, its success, are told in the remembrances of Charles Mayer's circus days, in AS'IA The Story of Willard Straight The American MAGAZINE on the Orient The tale of a young American of vision and action in More Tho" 60 IlIlIstratio"s- the fascinating life of the East. laving the foundation Art I"sert of 8 pages I" Color for today's great International Consortium for loans to China which may solve the Far Eastern Problem. This "ts the first of a series of adventure stories of the business of catching wild Louis Graves. animals alive-the tale of the great python, for instance, for show purposes. ASIA en- The Way of the Farmer in Japan tertains-;-but does much more. It widens one's visions in a sweeping view of a conti- And how Japan's victorious army and navy. and the smoking chitnneysofOsaka,reston the bent back of the nent rich in new endeavor and beau tv and farmer and his wife. standing up to their knees in their in vital interest to the every-day American; paddy fields, raising no less than 4,000 diiferent kinds of rice. Robertson Scott.

On the Trail of the Lord Tiger l:iuntingthe big animal in IndoMChina. H.C.Flowe'T h.

Hero Hunting in Persia Meeting the Khans of Centr~llran. HaToldWeston.

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MISSIONARY

MEW'

VOL. OCTOBER, 1920 NUMBER XLIII TEN.

A MISSIONARY CONFERENCE IN SWITZERLAND A NUMBER of American and British foreign missionary leaders met from June 22 to 29 inclusive, in Crans, Switzerland (near Geneva), to confer on the present missionary situation, and the ways of increasing cooperation among Protestant missionary for,ces. It was an aftermath of the Edinburgh Conference. This year was set for !1nother decennial gathering, and the meeting was to have been held in Germany. The war prevented the carrying out of the program, and only a small number of leaders gathered in Switzerland for an informal conference. Dr. Charles R. Watson, one of the delegates, reports that the conference gave careful consideration to the future of interna.tional missionary organization and agreed upon proposals to be submitted to the national missionary organizations, and through them to the missionary societies and boards in the dif- ferent countries for their consideration. The conference also gave long and careful consideI'ation to the present position of German missions. Having no authority as an international body to take ac- tion, the conference decided to submit to the national missiopary organizations in the different countries a report of the chief points brought out in its deliberations with a view to their taking such ac- tion as may seem to them right.

Thirty-seven missionary leaders came together from fourteen different countries and representing practically every national area maintaining Protestant missionary work. The members of the con- ference were not sent as delegates or representatives of societies or . churches. Each represented rather the totality of missionary interests within the country and nation from which he came. The British delegation included, among others, Dr. J. H. Ritson, secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society, who is chairman of the standing committee of the conference of British missionary socie- ties; also Kenneth Maclennan, the executive secretary of the same 855

body. Rev. C. C. Bardsley, honorary secretary of the Church Missionary Society, Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin, until recently secretary of the Friends Association, and J. H. Oldham, secretary of theF..dinburgh Continuation Oommittee. There were also present Bishop Westcott, Metropolitan of India and Ceylon, whose tireless labors for. the shepherding Df destitute German missionaries during the war must never be forgotten; Bishop King, recently of Madagascar and now secreta1'!Y of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; and Rev. W. Goudie, secretary of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, who gave two sons to be offered up on the altar of the great conflict. The pres.ence of M. Allegret and M. Couve, the French representatives, meant more to the conference than either of them ever can realize, because of their clear thinking, their practical wisdom and their manifestation without false sentiment of the spirit of Christian service. There were also Dr. Karl ]'ries of Sweden, Dr. Gunning of Holland, Mr. F. Wurz Df Switzerland, Dr. Anet of Belgium, Dr. Torm of Denmark, Dr. Tarkanen of Finland and Dr. Julius Richter, Dr. Haussleiter and Bishop Henning from Germany. The North American representatives included Dr. S. J. Corey of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society, Dr. James Endicott of the Board of Foreign Mis,sions of the Methodist Church in Canada, Galen M. Fisher of the Y. M. C. A. in Japan, Dor. Alfred Gandier, principal of Knox College, Canada, Canon Gould of the Missionary Society of the Church of England in Canada, Dr. John R. Mott, Bishop Roots of China, Dr. W. E. Strong of the American Board, F. P. Turner of the Committee of Reference and Counsel, Dr. Arthur J. Brown of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. L. B. Wolf Df the United Lutheran Church and Dr. Charles R. Watson, for merlysecretary of the United Presbyterian Board. The chairman was Bishop L. H. R00ts of Hankow, China, and Rev. J. H. Oldham acted as secretary.

Dr. Watson reports as follows: "The meeting at Crans marked, first of all, the restoration of world missionary contacts. The war has driven American thinking out into a world horizon, and we are quite ready to admit the suggesfive and corrective values of national viewpoints other than our own. But restored international contacts carry more than enrichment of thought. There was a spiritual power and richness in the conference that must be ascribed in part to the international character of the meeting. When disciple'S of Christ, endeavoring to represent the noblest and most generous instincts of the Christian communities they represent, come together with the deliberate intention of finding their unity in a common Lord, their divine Master in turn graciously honors their efforts and pours out upon such a gathering His Spirit in a rich consciousness of His presence and power. ",l1. second striking feature of the prog.ram was the considera-

EDITORIAL COMMENT 85'

tion of the present and future of German Missions. This is a delicate subject but it was faced with frankness and ea~estne'Ss. The conference, having no power to act officially, prepared a report with recommendations which will be submitted to the missionary organizations of the different cQuntries interested with a view to their taking such action as may seem right.

"A third item of interest related to the formulating of a mi'Bsionary educational policy in the light of the steadily increasing tendency of governments to assume responsibility for education and in the light of further problems emerging out of the rising nationalistic spirit in many mission fields. The importance of the 'Subject to Anierican missionary agencies, with their great universities and colleges, is altogether obvious: When missions and governments touch each other as closely as they do in these educational activities, surely the time has come for the missionary leadership of America to seek to understand sympathetically the educational ideals of other countries, and to discover points of personal contact with the educational leaders of these governments.

" A fourth feature of the program was the discussion of a future international missionary organization, since the conference at Crans was in no sense itself a permanent or official organization. A new world situation, created by the six years of war needs to be provided for, so that the conference gave considerable time to the question of the future of international missionary organization. Their proposals are being submitted to the national missionary organizations and through them to the missionary societies and boards in the different countries. "

On the whole we believe that the experiences of the conference mark in a signal way the spirit of Christ triumphant over many problem'S and moving forward powerfully in the constructive processes which are to be used by the Holy Spirit to spread the Gospel of Christ and to establish the Kingdom of God.

A FELLOWSHIP OF FAITH* T HERE is a force in the world which brings us into touch with God and which makes all things possible. This force is faith. Weare apt to regard faith as an intangible thing, but it is scarcely less tangible than electricity. As we understand the laws that govern the ~lectric current, as we learn the .lines . upon which it will work, so do we see certain proofs of its power and we are able to harness it to fulfil our behests. Faith too has its laws, faith too is an active, working force and it is possible to apply it to the crying needs of our own day and generation and to have ocular demonstration of what it can do.

·Prepared for "A Fellowship of Faith for Moslems" by Miss Jennie B. Logan of .London.

The Bible magnifies the value of the individual in God's sight and shows that the faith of one man can accomplish miracles, but .it also shows that it is in a fellowship of faith that faith can be most productive, and it is to a fellowship of faith that many of the :most exalted promises are made. "If ye (plural) have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye shall say unto this mountain, Re- move hence to yonder place; and it shall remove; and nothing shall be j,mP<lssible unto you." (Matt. 17 :20). This is a promise to faith, united,- active and aggressive. It is in a living fellowship that mountain-removing faith is to be found.

Again the Master says: "Verily, I say unto you, Whatsoever ye (plural) shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. Again I say unto you, that if two of you shall agree on earth as touching anything that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven." (Matt. 18:18, 19). Unless prayer is the voice of faith it is but a meaningless repetition of words or a form of moral, spiritual or intellectual gymnastics, but prayer that arises from a living fellowship of faith, even when that fellowship consista of only two members, is, our Lord teaches us, a power in heaven and on earth. God the Father graciously undertakes to do.

for such a fellowship anything that they shall ask. .

Th~ Bible teems with illustrations of the actual working value of faith and fellpwship combined. Was it not a fellowship of faith that overthrew Jericho T What was Gideon's little band of three hundred but a fellowship of faith? What was Jehosaphat 's army as it went out against Ammon,' Moab and Seir but a fellow- ship of faith, with the words "Believe in the Lord your God" ring- ing in their ears and the song of praise upon their lips T In the New Testament see that little group of intercessors pleading with God for the Apostle Peter. Prison, chains, four quaternions of soldiers, the wrath of Herod, certain death confronting him,- "but prayer" (Acts 12:5)! A fellowship, of faith, humble be- lievers whose faith was indeed but as a grain of mustard seed, pleading with God in the background and where now are the soldiers, the chains, the keepers, the prison doors! Heavenly forces have been put in motion, God has moved, and the miracle is an accomplished fact.

It has been the writer's glad privilege to witness spiritual movement in more than one place in answer to the united, per- sistent pleading with God of a company of His believing people.

Nothing seems impossible to such a fellowship. They know- that faith does but pave the way for the Almighty God to work, they rely uP<ln His promises, they plead them before His throne, and they are confident that the answer to their petitions, though it tarry, will surely come. They abound in hOlle by the power of

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the Holy Spirit, and there is no situation too dark and difficult for tJiem to face because there is nothing too hard for their God.

Each member of a fellowship of faith may rest assured that every effort to enlighten the darkness of the world, every prayer offered, every sacrifice made is counting towards a glorious consummation. Hidden he may be, fe~ble he may seem, but his labor is not in vain in the Lord. Divers go down to lay mines beneath a dangerous rock, toil day after day in loneliness and discomfort and see no result for their labors. The great rock seems as stedfast as ever, as menacing to life and property, but the day comes when the last diver has done his work, the last connecting link is made and by the slightest touch an infant can blow the mighty structure to pieces. So let us not despise the day of small things when no results are visible. The tiny prayer-meeting, two or three gathering to pray, the young missionary struggling to express imperfectly in a foreign tongue something of our Heavenly Father's love to a group of indifferent or opposing people, all such efforts are in the plan, all are vital and important. As we pray, as we give, as we go, we may be conscious that this is our divinely appointed task and that we may claim and receive divine equipment for it, and that it is leading up to the final overthrow of this false religion, and that in it all "we are laborers together with God."

RELIGIOUS REVIVALB IN CHINA M ANY signs of renewed religious activity in China are reported by the Chinese Recorder of Shanghai. These are not by any means confined to Christianity but include Confucianism and Buddhism. Dr. Chen Huan Cheng 'Started a Confucian Society several years ago, and while this organization is not very active, Confucian ethics are being linked up to modern ideas, and societies are being formed all over the land to promote this teaching. Governor Yen of Shansi has been especially active in the promotion of Confucian Humanism.

Buddhism is also -showing new signs of life, or at least of renewed activity. Two new BuddhIst magazines have appeared, one of them having contributions from ex-president Li Yuan Hung, and from the Governor of Yunnan. Both magazines contain articles by students educated in America. Plans are also announced for a new Buddhist center, with an institutional temple on a large scale. The Governor of Yunnan has "Sent Bu,ddhist missionaries to Eastern Chekiang to promote Buddhism, and other priests are active in various parts of China. One monastery in Kansuh ordained one thousand Buddhist monks in one year, and in the Yangtse Valley many temples' are being rebuilt and repaired. Buddhist literature is also being produced and distributed.

The Christian forces in China are awake to the situation, and are respOnding in some degree to the new religious interest: The China Continuation Conunittee has appointed a special Committee' on work among Buddhists, and plans have been drawn for a Christian Institute to be devoted to work among Buddhist monks and lay workers. Rev. K. L. Reichelt, the author of these plans, has been led to devote his whole ti~e to work among Buddhists. An ex-monk who has become a Christian is preparing to engage in this work if the funds can be secured to found the Institute. This is only one of the many signs that the missionaries and Chinese leaders are awake to the situation, and are endeavoring to marshal their material – and spiritual forces to extend the Gospel of Christ.

POLITICS .AND RELIGION IN KORE.A T HE Rev. Frank Herron Smith, for many years a Methodist mis- sionary stationed at Seoul, Korea, writes that in the nine m<?nths sinC€ Baron Saito made his entry into Seoul, a sufficient period has elapsed to make reasonably clear the general trend of his policy and administration. Two needed reforms in the government of Korea were made before Baron Saito left Tokyo. Until last sununer it was required that the Governor-General of Korea be a general or an admiral, and as such the ruler of Korea was under the Minister of War or the Navy, and not directly responsible to the Prime Minister or to the people of Japan. This plan was discarded last .August and Korea was given a civil administration under the con~ trol of the Premier.

The second reform ordered in Tokyo was the abolishment of the gendarme or military police 'System. It was in some respects like martial law, where the civil rulers had nothing to do with the policing ;)f the country. The control of the press and of sanitary and medical matters was also lodged in this department and in many cases the policy pursued was repressive, not to say oppressive. Bef.ort) Barop Saito left Tokyo it was decided to abolish this system and to establish a Department of Police .Affairs under a separate head. This was a great reform and the spirit .of the police force is being gradually transformed.

The next reform that attracted attention was the .order for the abolition of flogging, which was issued last October and took effect April 1st. Certain reactionaries left in minor posItions in Korea said that flogging could not be abolished, as it would ruin discipline and there would not be room enough in the jails to accommodate all the offenders, many of whom were too poor to pay fines. There has been difficulty in preventing cruel treatment of prisoners by the poliC€ and gendarmes. They have been accustomed to using torture in the examination of prisoners regardless of their guilt or innocence.

1920]· EDITORIAL COMMENT

Under date of March 20, this year, Mr. Akaike, the new police head, issued instructions condemning the use of torture.

Baron Saito ha:s been doing away with discrimination between the Japanese and Koreans. He has placed the Korean and Japanese teachers and officials on an equal salary basis. He has begun prAparations for a university for Seoul. There are already four higher institutions, a law college, a medical college, a technical college and an agricultural college. He has speeded up the proposed educational program considerably and is establishing new common schools at the rate of one hundred a year. Baron Saito has provided a kind of recognition that will allow missionaries to conduct schools that are not fully up to the government standard in aTI respects and with considerable freedom in fixing the course'S of study and also with the privilege of introducing compulsory Bible study and chapel exercise'S. They will also have much freedom in the use of the Korean language in teaching. Under the old regime it was required in the common schools that Japanese be taught ten hours a week.

Church and mission property, of which there is a ·large amount in Korea, has hitherto been held largely in the name of some indi~ vidual, but now a corporation may be formed to hold the property of any mission, and, what is of more importance, for the corporation law is not a new one, the property may be transferred to this corporation at a nominal fee.

The gendarmes were the censors in the old regime and were too strict, not only with regard to particular articles, but they would allow only a very limited number of papers to be established. Under the new regime three new Korean dailies have already been started at Seoul and at least one paper may be founded in each province. Many new magazine'S are also being founded.

It is Baron Saito'S purpose to introduce autonomy as rapidly as possible and local and national assemblies are now in process of f.ormation. Even during the uprising last year first of the thirteen Governors were Korean'S. Forty-four judges and procurators and 204 county magistrates, not to mention many other officials, are Koreans. The Koreans, as a whole, are not satisfied. They say frankly that they want not reforms, but independence.

With the modified policy of the Japanese Government there is a brighter outlook for peace and progress. While the Koreans are not in the least reconciled to Japanese domination, they recognize the . futility of any attempt to gain their independence by force. The Japanese Government-General is also endeavoring to conciliate the Koreans, and to win the cooperation of the Chri'Stian missionaries. With the rem.oval of the prohibition against teaching religion in private educational institutions, most of the mission schools that have' been closed are to be reopened this autumn. Reports from Korea indicate a great turning of the people toward Christianity. Schools,

hospital's and churches are crowded, and missionaries write that the opportunity for spreading the Gospel is greater than ever before.

Rev. J. A. S. Toms, of the Southern Presbyterian Mission reports that in South Korea there are evidences of a Christward movement similar to that which took place in the North some twelve years ago. Among the more intelligent people, especially the young men, there ha'S been a decided movement toward the Church. In Fusan and Tongnai even the unbelieving shop keepers have agreed to observe Sunday as a day of rest. Last April the Pyeng Yang college students' evangelistic band went to Fusan and Chengju and held crowded meetings at which many decided to become Christians. Meetings were held in' some churches from five to six A. M. every morning, and churches 'Seating 4()0 were crowded to the doors. All day meetings were also held and were well attended by adults who spent the evenings in personal work for unbelievers. On one evening 1250 were admitted to one of the, meetings by ticket. Churches have united to organize large evangelistic campaigns this autumn, covering the whole district. Helpers' meetings are held to train workers and there is an unu'Sual zeal on the part of Christians for preaching the Gospel to unbelievers. Groups of new converts are already being gathered in various villages as a result of the work of these lay workers, and are asking for admission to the Church.

An increasing interest in education is also reported from Korea. Rich and poor, coolie'S and officials, are sending their sons and daughters to mission schools. Some of these schools are so crowded, says Dr. D. J. Cumming of the Southern Presbyterian Church, that an enlargement of dormitory and teaching space is necessary. Many 'Smaller pupils are obliged to sit on the floor because there are not sufficient benches, and some can only attend school in relays.

In this forward movement there lies both opportunity and danger. Superficial work will mean weakness for Church and State, and education that is not thoroughly Christian will only strengthen the forces that are opposed to Christ and the best interests of the Koreans. On the other hand, a thorough training of future Christian leaders among the men and women of all classes in Korea will mean the protection and improvement of morals, of intellect, of industry and of social life in the homes, in politics, in business and in the spiritual life of the people.

NEW HOPE FOR MEXICO P EACE seems finally to be dawning in Mexico. The murder of Carranza, although without justification or excuse, has removed one of the factors that made the reconciliation of rivals impossible; the surrender of Villa has disposed of another disturbing element, and the selection of Adolpho de la Huerta as a non-military President gives some hope for an end of the martial law that has pre-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

vailed in Mexico-wherever any law has been recognized-during the past decade. The religious attitude of the new government is not yet made clear, or the effect on Roman Catholic and Protestant activi- ties but the latest change in governmental cont'l"ol seems to meet with popular approvaL While Mexico is not yet quieted down, and it will be many months before normal conditions are re'Stored, the Mexicans are weary of war and long for peace and for freedom from military dictation. The masses are not yet educated, or fitted for enlightened self-government, so that their great need is for moral and intellectual training to fit them for free, yet not unbridled, self-expression. The new President, General Obregon, was elected in September and he will take office December 1st. In the meantime, the Mexican Congress of the present Government is 'Seeking to remedy abuses, to stabilize the monetary system and to restore normal conditions generally in domestic and foreign relations.

Missionaries in Mexico report unusually large congregations at Protestant services, many inquirers into evangelical truth and ex- pectations of a large enrolment in mis'SiQn schools. The outlook is brighter than at any time in the past fifteen years, and an unusual opportunity is offered for the carrying out of the cooperativtl mis- sionary program for the benefit of the Mexicans. < AMERICA IN SANTO DOMINGO SOME time ago when the newspapers carried large heaqlines stating that Spain had requested the United States to get out of Santo Domingo, it was the first intimation to the aVfrage reader that the United States was "in." As a matter of faQt she is in, and has a large sized program ahead in establishing an orderly government on this second largest island of the West Indies. < Hygiene, sanitation and morality are at a low ebb in Santo Domingo. There is no color line, for Spanish, Indians and blacks intermarry. The high cost of marriage, the priests being notorious profiteers, is the reason for the large percentage of children born out of wedlock. Gambling is everywhere prevalent. Two of the four or five hospitals on the island are chiefly supported by lotteries operated for their benefit. < The African Methodist Episcopal Church has the oldest Prot- estant mission in Santo Domingo, established in 1830. Moravians, Wesleyan Methodists, Free Methodists, the Episcopal Church, and possibly others, are now at work. A united program for the next five years will be worked out by evangelical denominations. In- stitutional churches will be established in the capital and other centers. • Missio1Q1] Stations …… MiJsostlrdneelMfSa1oJfet' – Rail,.oads .— Boundaries Dr~…. for "Th_ Mi…o,,1W3' Rev;.w of th. W""ld" from a .ketch by Mis. de Mayer THE FORBIDDEN LAND OF AFGHANISTAN Showing the Journeys of Miss Jenny de Mayer and the principal Protestant Mis sion Stations near the borders_

the Gate of Afghanistan·

An Attempt to Take the Gospel Into the Closed Fortress BY JENNY DE MAYER, SAMARKAND, CENTRAL ASIA Miss de Mayer, who is a Russian by birth, has had a very remarkable and interesting career. She is highly educated, speaks several languages, and has been actively engaged in missionary work in her own country and in other parts of Asia. She worked for some time as a missionary evangelist in the Ukrane and other parts of Russia, and among the Sarts in the Caucasus. A few years ago she went to Jidda, the seaport of Mecca, and there endevored to establish a dispensary and Bible shop, but it was closed by the authorities. She has traveled extensively in Central Asia, always witnessing as a Christian missionary and distributing tracts in the language of the people. A few years ago she visited Meshed on the Persian border of Afghanistan and looked across into tl:].e closed mountain land where no Christian missionary is allowed to enter. She tells in this article of her efforts in behalf of the Afghans and of her desire to go into that country, even though it may cost her her life. Miss de Mayer is a self-supporting missionary and has devoted much of her time and money to the translation and distribution of the Gospel and other Christian literature in various languages. We hope that friends who read this article will join in earnest prayer for Miss de Mayer and the work she is doing.-THI~ EDITOR.

MAiNYmissionaries to Mohammedans 'Seemed to hear the crack in the "Walls of Jericho" in the brief newspaper report that the Ameer of Afghanistan had taken Merw, the chief town and ancient Capital of Tllrcomania, now a part of Turkistan. If the Turooman:s should become incorporated into Afghanistan, if Koushka and Karky-formterly Afghan towns, but for the last decades Russian border fortresses should also return to their former principality, this must mean that the isolation of Afghanistan is nearing its end. This would be the "crack" in the northern walls of the Afghan Jericho.

The Turcomans have always been knoWn for their independent spirit, being rather indifferent Mohammedans, very prone to appropriate European ways and Russian education. Can we then expect them to agree to isolation from Chri"stian–.or Western civilization, such as is encumbent on the subjects of the AmeerT Will the Afghans around Koushka and especially Karky,. who have for years freely mixed with infidel merchantmen, soldiers and officials, submit to the exclusion of any relation with the "Kafir," which was their status before Russia took by peaceable force these Afghan

border townsfI do not think so. I would call the Ameer's invasion of Turcomania a "victory of Pyrrhus"-one which, though outwardly a success, means a sapping of the victor's vital forces.

Some of us have for years been going .around .Afghani-stan as the Israelites march around Jericho-silently, seemingly foolishly, accomplishing nothing apparently, but sticking to the God-given commission to encompass and ultimately enter the walled stronghold. We believe that we may soon see the whole state of things over there change, and-if the Lord tarrie'S-the young generation may find an open door into the land itself. ~he hopes, failures, sufferings and sacrifices of the older generations for Afghanistan may bear fruit. As soon as the Lord's commission for work amongst the Mo- hammedans of Russian Central Asia or Turkestan had come to me and had been fully accepted, the call of Afghanistan sOlUlded my heart. I do not know from whence the voice came-I did not know more about the land and people than did any other educated Russian:"""I had never read a book about it· and therefore from the first '1 took that call to be God-given. I began to work as an itinerant Bible-woman in Turkestan and all my strength, means and time were given to that new and needy field. But there was a distinct undercurrent in my soul which drew me towards Afghanistan. I decided to enter, not knowing at all what it involved.

In Russian territory it is necessary to have the Government's approval of all we undertake so that I always had my "papers" in g.ood order and acted as a loyal subject. But when the call of God overstepped the boundaries of political, or police regulations, I quietly overstepped them also. I sought an audience of the Government-General of Turkestan, General Samsonoff, and asked him whether the Russian Government had any objection to my entering Afghanistan with the Holy Scriptures. The General looked at me "Some time silently .and then said in a sneering tone: " Not the least! but you will find yourself dangling from the first tree over there!"

"Why ISO?" I asked, very much astonished. "Do you not know that no Christian, especially no Russian, is allowed to enter .A.fghani-stan 7" . "No, I did not know that." "Maybe you speak Persian so weU that you can disguise yourself under the purdah and pa'Ss yourself off for a Mohammedan WQllIl.all 7' , "Oh no!" said I, "even if I did speak well enough to pass for a native Mohammedan, I would not do so. That is not the right way for a Christian missionary to enter a Mohammedan country, No lie for mel"

AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN

"Well," he said, "it means death for you-good-bye." I was much puzzled but not in the least discouraged. I left the general and somehow felt that I had better not speak to anyone . else about my plan, but that I would set to its. accomplishment in the most quiet way. I had been, from my first appearance in Turkestan, an object of wonder and suspicion to the Russian officials and police. They could not understand why a lady who might lead an. easy life should take upon her the life of a "pedler for Christ's sake" amongst the despised Mohammedans, with all that such a life involved.' There was the continual fear in the official mind that some treachery was intended, since we were so near to India and the sphere of British influence. . ,About the same time I received a letter from a prominent missionary to Mohammedans, who had invited me to come to the Lucknow Conference in 1911. I had written to him that I would try to ,come through Afghanistan and in his reply he said: "If indeed you should come to Lucknow through Afghanistan-you would be the heroine of the Conference." This puzzled me more than the General's words and I decided not to mention Afghanistan any more to anyone. The thought of being made a "heroine" seemed worse' to me than dangling from a tree. With a consciousness of the Lord's approval in my heart, I set quietly to work to prepare for the task. I had to learn the Persian langua~ge, with which I could manage fairly well in Afghanistan. After the summer's itinerating was over, the late fall rains made traveling through the country nearly impracticable, and I resorted to Bokhara where I lived for some months in the Ajmeer'~ dispensary for women. Bokhara's reigning family was of Persian origin and although a bloody revolt against the prevailing influence of Persian officials had recently swept through the Khanat the Persian language is the accepted one and its derivatum-the "tadjick"-is used by the population. With great difficulty I found a teacher who really knew how to teach Persian, whil'St I acquired some knowledge of "tadjiek" by attending the dispensary. But the mollahs of Bokhara found out that I was a . missionary, although I was not able to do any work or even talk much a,t that tim,e, and insisted that I leave the town. They threatened to forbid the Mohammedan women to come to the dispensary if I stayed there. ~ went away and lived alternately at Samarkand and Tashkent, taking private lessons from a Persian Mirza who some years later became my collaborator in the tran'Slation of parts of the Scriptures and of religious tracts into the Sart language. At Tashkent I entered the officer's college of Oriental languages and made good progress. While there, by God's good providence, one of the teachers, an officer of Armenian descent, who some years before had traveled incognito throuJgh Northwestern India

and knew English fairly well, had been asked by the 'Chief of the General Staff to translate a Book on Mghanistan from English into Rus.sian. He asked me to go over his translation "With him and I was thus enabled to read the book and to gather much knowledge of the geography and history of Mghanistan. The minute map of the Russian General Staff also helped me to prepare to make myself at home in ,.A;fghanistan. I came to know the roads to Kabul as well as if I had trodden them already. I knew tha.t I would have to go for miles through barren :sand, slowly ascending toward the high mountain passes,by the wonderful mysterious human figures and faces cut into the rocks by unknown hands (some think by the army of Alexander the Great on his way to India). I would be burned by day by the fierce sun, chilled by the frost at night, in peril of robbers; traveling on and on till Bamian was reached and with it the more fertile river-fed plains. Then the road swerves to the East and brings one to Kabul, that forbidden town, a hot-bed of diseases, but surrounded by luxuriant vegetation. Then through the southeastern gate the road leads down to Djallalabad and through the mountains to the ridge of the tableland, and down the Khaibar-Pass into India! I knew at that time every large station from the Amou-Darya down to the Indian frontier, for I knew that I would not be allowed to carry a map with me-except I had it imprinted on my memory.

When summer came and the regular itinerant work through the villages of Turkestan began, the Lord sent me on a special errand to Patta-Hissar. I did not understand the meaning then, but it came out clear and gladdening after awhile, when I :Q.ad gone by faith down the dark path.

Patta-Hissar, or as the Russians call it-Termaze, is the southernm'Ost town of the Khanat of Bokhara, situated on the right bank of the river .Amou-Darya, which alone separates it from Mghanistan. The same barren sandy desert with low hills 'Stretches on both sides of the river. My heart was strangely moved· when, after six days of lonely travel through the Khanat, I reached the river and looked across to the land of my deep desire and purpose. With God's help I would open through it a trail for the messengers of Christ. By faith I took possession of that dreary looking land-'barren and clesed, but included in 'our Lord's commission to his disciples and in his plan of Salvation for the world.

I went around the bazaar in that part of the fortress Patta- Hissar which was outside the big gates and where the "crethi and plethi, " alike in every oriental town, led their drowsy life; my Scripture parts for Mohammedans, Jews, Grousinians, Armenians, and Russians, were eagerly accepted. I visited also the caravanserai for Afghans and distributed Scripture parts in Pashtou, their 'native language.

I had met with the Afghans before in nearly every town of the West and in Middle Turkestan: I had tried to come in contact with them in order to find out how to approach them best. They were very different from the Mohart:m1edans of Turkestan: not clean shaven, but with long unkempt hair, protruding from under an unorderly wound turban, mostly unwashed; with white baggy trousers and tight jacket.s adorned with bra-ss buttons. They do not have their wives with them-I have never seen an Afghan woman. Their features are sharp cut with big, mostly hooked, noses, in sharp contrast to the large fiat Mongolian face of the Sart and also with the more delicate features and remarkably fine noses of those who claim Persiau or even Arabic blood. The .A)fghan nearly always will meet you with the -suspicious and con- temptuous glance of one who is looking at a possible foe and at an unmistakable "Kafir." I was thus acquainted with the defiant glance with which the Afghans at the caravan-serai at Patta- Bissar met me, but I knew also that I had turned some of them into friendliness.

On the steamer which took me from Patta-Hissar down the Amou-Darya to the old town of T-shardjouy, I met a miserable group of pilgrims from Mecca. They had returned by way of India and Afghanistan and complained bitterly of the cruelty and greed of their co-religionnaires, whom they cursed as if they were infidels. From this "accidental" meeting bprang forth the work amongst pilgrims and my journey to Jidda (Djeddah) on a pilgrim ship.

This jQurney to the seaport of Mecca was a most interesting experien~. We carried between the ports of the Black Sea and Jidda 5;000 Hohammedans from Kashgar, T'urke-stan, Afghanistan, Persia and t1tc Caucasus. ,Each party was assigned its place in the bowels of the big ship-and the .Afghans, who seem to be looked upon by our Turkestan people as the pariahs amongst the Mohammedans of that part of the world, had their place in the lowest and worst part of the' steamer. I was on board as "Sister of Mercy" for the pilgrims. There were also some Russian men appointed to care for the sick pilgrim;s and when these refused point blank to have anythitig to do with the Afghans, I gladly took them over, one and all, as my special charge. I wa-s at first greeted by the scowl showing' snspicion and aversion to the Ohristian woman but they came quickly to understand that I was their friend and allowed me to care for their sick ones. .

I remember especially two of them, an old Mullah, whom I had treated for his rheumatisniand who came to like me as if I was his daughter, and a young man whose "SOre foot had been cared for by the surgeon. When we reached Jidda, and the party of about 40 men em~

harked on the picturesque Arab sailing boat that was to carry them to the desired port, they gave me such a hearty fa.rewell, with so many "Salaam!" "barakallah" and ".Allah rasy boulsoun!" that my heart was ctheered through and through at this" earnest of good things to come!"

Eiarly 'Spring found me again in Turkestan at Bible work. Being independent of any Mission Board, I could go wherever "the Spirit blew me to." So I went up to Koushka to reach the inhabitants of that fortress, but ~specially the ,Afghans, who might live there. Koushka was the farthest Russian outpost in the direction of Herat and is practically on Afghan soil. Mter a night's journey from Merw up the river Pe~d, at dawn we had clj,mbed a defile whose upper end was shu,t up by mountains and in front of them was the fortress. A gem], 'armes entered the car and asked for my passport, just as at any frontier to a foreign country. When we approached the fortress, which was closed in by high whitewashed walls, a big brass gate swung open and closed again behind us.

It was an ill-famed place-feared by the Russian officers and officials for its deadly malaria and bad boils; a dreary, ba.rren mountain pass. I obtained a permit for itinerating through the fortress with the Scriptures, after that the Mohammedan interpreter of the Chief of Police had testified to my books being indeed "shareef"- sacred ones. I was told that no Mghan was allowed to live inside the fortress walls and I obtained an extra permit to visit a small settlement outside the fortress where two kinds .of "pariahs" were located-the Afghans and the public women of the place-each group living by itself in several miserable looking sheds! .All of them gave me a kind greeting and a hearing, and I left with them-in Russian for the women and in Pushtu for the men-" The Words of Life and Hope."

While traveling thousands of miles up and down the vast country of Central Asiar-from the Caspian Sea to near the Western· border of Chinese Turkestan and spreading thousands of Scriptures and tracts in twenty-two languages; coming in touCh with thousands of souls, I was always on the lookout for .,Afghans and tried to talk with them as often as they would allow me. Thus I obtained much information concerning their country, its habits and customs, and about their .Aimeer of whom they seemed proud.

Once a fine looking Afghan introduced himself to me as, "a. Prince from the tribe of Benjamin' '-a remark not void of interest especially in these days, when some believe in the identity of the Mghans with the so-called "ten lost tribes of IsraeL" How natural it seems to look for them-or part of them-in Mghanistan,' whereto they may have wandered from north Persia and Kurdistan, their primary 'place of exile! The semitic type of their fea-

AT TIlE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN

tures, their longhair, the custom of stoning for adultery, the 'Sprinkling of lamb's blood-all seem to corroborate that statement, and most certainly that" Prince" did not know that he was bordering on a'much disputed theme!

My experience in 1912 among pilgrim'S on board the steamer and at Jidda proved useful to me. The report of kindness shown there found its way to the far-away villages of Turkestan, as by more than one party I was recognized and hailed as "the Christian woman who ministered to our women and men during the Pilgrimage. " Again several times I wa:s asked to protect and help such and such a one if I shl'lUld meet' him during next year's "Hadjj" at Jidda. I concluded that the Afghans with whom I came into friendly touch, as for instance the Afghan pa.rty on the pilgrim ship, might also prepare a kindly feeling for the Christian woman should she venture to enter· their forbidden country. "Bread thrown on the water" will, be found SO'lll.e time at some place in an hour of need.

An Afghan whom I met at Karky on the Afghan frontier might well be a good herald of the Christian worker. I saw him sitting on the street, miserable and sick looking, his throat wrapped in dirty rags. To my friendly greeting he replied only by the usual scowl and suspicious glance. As I passed by him day after day, he came to look on me in a softer way and allowed me to Know what was the matter with his throat. Behold! a week later the astonished neighbors-all of them Mohammedans also-saw the once 'Spiteful Afghan climb into a cab with the Christian woman and be driven to the Russian Hospital. As I left him in the doc~ tor's hands a.nd wished him good-bye-the farewell look he gave me was greaHy' difiierent from the one with which he greeted me at our first meeting! As the Afghans that I had met in Bokhara and in Central Turkestan naturally came from the northern part of Afghanistan, through which I hoped to make my entrance into that country, I reckoned that they might serve me in their turn by witnessing to their fellow villagers to the kindnes'S of the "kafir" woman.

During these years there came also a preparation of a more intimate nature. I had to be made willing in my deepest soul to undergo the sufferings, abuses aud privations, which the entering of Afghanistan would bring to me. I had by this time heard and read of the filthy dungeons, the cruel tortures practiced on prisoners and as the crowning end-lithe dangling from a tree." I set myself with much prayer to face these horrors and to accept them if called upon to do so. It was easier for the soul and will, than for the quaking flesh, but with God's help I came to a. point where I had overcome the fear of what might befall me in Afghani~tan. . , At last, in the spring of 1914, the time to go forth seemed to

have CQIne. In 1913 I had been a second time in Jidda, and my faith had been mightily strengthened by the open door the Lord had given at that place, which had seemed closed. I decided unller God to go to. Jidda to work at the time of the pilgrimage by way of Afghanistan. I did not take my friends or family into my plans for it seemed wisest to act quietly. In order to know exactly what might happen at Patta-Hissar, the last point this side of Afghanistan where I would have to cross the river Amon-Darya for the Afghanshore, I took another trip, with Scriptures, through the, Khanat of Bokhara and interviewed the official at Patta-Hissar who had to "vise" the passport of the pilgrims crossing over to Afghanistan. I did not tell him of my intention, but while talking to him I obtained the needed information. When I asked him in a casual way whether he would refuse his "vise" to a Christian who wanted to go to Afghanistan, he laughed and said he would "vise" a Christian's passport just as well as that of a Mohammedan, but of course the whole responsibility of what might happen over there would lie on the Christian who was fool enough to risk his life by such a step. This was enough for me. I knew now that the one difficu'ty which I had f.oreseen on this side of the Afghan shore-a refusal of the Russian authorities to allow me to cross-did not exist.

I returned to Turkestan and prepared to join a party of pilgrims on their way through Bokhara to the crossing of the Amon- Darya at Patta-Hissar. I chose a party of Kashgarys, as their women go about unveiled, and I liad decided not to veil my face, although I would wear the dress of Mohamunedan woOmen. I hoped to be less noticed at least on landing on the Afghan shore, if I mixed with the women from Kashgar. From the beginning I would frankly tell the party I joined that I was a Christian "tabib" going with them to Jidda in order to help their fellow pilgrims. In Afghanistan also I would start medical treatment of whosoever might need such assistance. I hoped with the Lord's help eventnally to reach Kabul. In order to establish my identity before the officials at the villages through which I would pass, and before the Ameer himself-who was kept informed of everything, and < especially would know at once ().f the appearance on Afghan soil of a Christian woman. I had a paper written in Persian composed by my esteemed friend old Mullah Fazil Begh of Osh, the town from which starts the narrow caravan road up to Kashgar and the Pamirs. My friend shook his head at my request but being a spiritually-minded man, and understanding people with a "vision" h~ finally consented to compose an elaborate letter addressing the Ameer in the proper way and stating my purpose; to cross Afghanistan with a party of pilgriUlS and to go on with them to Jidda. I was described in true oriental style as "noble and learned" yet

AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN 873-

"poor and humble." But the quintessence of the letter was in the short frank statement-" Noussrany-am"-" I am a Christian." No fraud, no compromise; and my heart was thrilled by the hope that I might be favored to stand before the Ameer with a testimony to my blessed Lord.

This precious introductory letter secured, I looked up my friend the Persian Mirzah at Sarrnarkand and asked him to' find, in the Persian colony nearby, a young boy to accompany me and to take care of my horse. None could be found willing to venture on that hazardous undertaking-and it was well after all. At Bokhara I made my last preparations. A Sart woman's gray overgarment was provided, two camel bags, one filled with medicines and some canned goods, the other for my few personal belongings appropriate to intense heat in the day and frost at night. Some money had been sent by me to the Church Mission Society Hospital at Peshawar; so tha,t I might be able to go on when the Lord should have brought me safely through the "Lion's Den."

I had knowledge of a party of Kashga,r Pilgrims on their way to Patta-Hissar and I ordered a two-wheeled native cart to take me to a town in Mid-Bokhara where I intended joining this party. I hoped to ingratiate myself with them before we should reach Patta-Hissar and the critical moment of crossing the river together should come. Once on the ferry-boat, which was to bring me to the shore of Afghanistan, I had no thought nor plans for what would follow. The Lord had given me the peaceful heart which was stayed on Him and I trusted Him to bring about His will in this journey. Except my two Mullah-friends, and two Russian ladies at the Ameer of Bokhara's Hospital, no one knew of my undertaking. I thought it best to enter, cross and emerge at Peshawar, or to rest quietly in the prayed-for land till the Day of Resurrection.

But the Lord (<€cided. otherwise! A disease which I had acquired during my travels in most trying and unhygienic conditions, which I had first ignored, and then fought during the preparation for my journey, suddenly developed to 'Such a degree that after I had done all that human skill could do, the Lord met me one night and gently took the whole campaign out of my reach-for a time only, the Lord willing! The fact that I could give over to Him, with tears but with peace in my heart, this passionately beloved and long prayed-for purpose, proved to me that it was the Master's hand who put it aside.

Was that all that came out of a purpose of years7 Did all come to nothingT Was this a waste of spiritual and bodily 'Strength? Abraham the friend of God, also girded his loins bodily and spiritually to obey his God by sacrificing Isaac, the Son of Promise. But when he ha~ proved to Him who searcheth hearts

the willingness to go to the very limit of sacrifice, GDd unexpectedly stepped in and gently gave the son back to his father. What had come out ·of this underta,king~ Let everybody who is seeking to walk in the footsteps of Abraham te'Stify to the blessing that his faith and obedience have meant to his spiritual life!

For the first time I have told about these happenings j they are part of my inner walk with God. But I tell them now, hoping that some soul, to whom God may have given a vision and a call to a like task, may be strengthened to hold on and to push forward.

To the missionaries around .Afghanistan, for whom I have been praying for years., as for my much 'Superior fellow workers to whom I am unknown, I send my greetings in the hope that the Lord will yet bring me back to the point where He stopped me and that, together with Peshawar and Meshed, Patta-Hissar may be flung open to the messengers of the Lord Jesus Christ.

PRAYER AND POWER HLDawv'1 "H <UIL'1VM. dOHSIIl All Has the Church its pristine power in prayer? If not, why not? -On the foreign field the missionary Church seems to have the power, bilt at home they seem to have lost the art and power of prayer. What weakens prayer life and saps power? 1. Haste, that leads to neglect of prayer life. 2. Preoccupation. iVe are often too busy with the work of God to seek the power of God. 3. Adherence to the letter of the law and loss oi the dynamic of love. 4. Decay of faith. There must be a daring faith if we would command the resources of God. We should earnestly pray: l. That God may be made more real to us. 2. That our sensibilities may not be blunted by sin and tragedy on the one hand, or by abounding grace on the other. 3. That the Church may be aroused to measure up to the extraordinary demands upon her. "Pray ye the Lord of the harvest." 4. That faith may be given us to explore the regions of grace and to discover the fulness of Christ.

A PRAYER OF THE APOSTLE PAUL "I bow my knees unto the Father. . ',' that He would grant unto you, according to the riches of His glory, that ye may be strengthened with power through His Spirit in the inward man; that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith; to the end that ye, being rooted and grounded in love, may be strong to apprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length ,and height and depth, and to know the love of Christ which passeth knowledge, that ye may be filled with all the fulness of God." . Letter to the Ephesians. 3; 14 to 19.

A GROUP OF MISSIONARY WORKE;RS WHO TOOK PARTIN 'I'HE MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN

DEBATE AND PAGEAN'l' IN COLUMBUS A Moslem-Christian Debate The Discussion of Religious Proble,ntS by a Christian Missionary and a Moslem Sheikh BY REV. H. E. PHILLIPS, 'fANTA, EGYPT Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church At the Methodist Centenary Exposition in Columbus last year one of the most interesting features was the daily debate between a Mohammedan and a Christian missionary. Audiences gathered an hour or more before the tilpe for the debate in order not to miss this interesting and stimulating dialogue. The questions asked by the Mohammedan and the objectioll3 made to the Christian -teachi ng were very true to life and the answers by the missionary were skilful, if not always wholly convincing to his opponent. So much interest was aroused that we have asked the leader of these debates, who usually represented the Mohammedan, Rev. H. E. Phillips of the American Mission in Tanta, Egypt, to write out the substance of a typical debate between a Mohammedan and a missionary. It is, of course, impossible to make this as full as it could be made in the successive mornings at Columbus, and there is lacking the interpretation given by the inflection of the voice and the expression of the face. It is. however, well worth reading. Some churches may find it useful in preparing a similar debate for a missionary meeting, asking two individuals to take the parts of the Mohammedan and the Christian respectively. For -this purpose we have had a page of suggestions added as to the problems raised by the Mohammedan. Answers to these problems can be found in such books as those by Dr. Zwemer and others on missions among these followers of the Prophet of Arabia.-THE EDITOR.

875

T HE missionary is busily engaged in his study when a Muslim sheikh who has been to visit him onC6 before enters. Repeated salutations follow: "May your day be happy."

"May your day be happy and blessed."

"How is your health?"- "May God keep you."

When other greetings have been exchanged the sheikh seats himself, and after a cup of Turkish coffee the conversation turns to things religious. '

Missionary.-When you visited me last week you promised me that you would read the gospel which I gave you some time ago.

Have you been reading the book? How did you enjoy it'

Muslim.-Yes I have been reading the book, but excuse me for saying it to you' directly, I have found it most unconvincing.

Missionary-Indeed: Did you not find it true to life and full of human interest? Did it not seem like a true record of what must have taken place when Jesus was on earth'

Muslim.–O yes, interesting enough. I found many things that interested me. I was particularly interested in the contradictions which I found.

Missionary.-Contradictions! Why, I assure you, my dear friend, there are no contradictions in the gospel. There are some things difficult to understand without much study, it is true. But tell me all about it.

Muslim.-Excuse me for saying it to you, but I find many con- tradictions. Not only does your gospel contradict the honorable Koran which came directly from heaven to be a guide for men, sent down upon the Prophet Mohammed (The prayers of God and his peace be upon him), but it contradicts itself. Moreover it COD- tradicts many of the statements you have made about the prophet Jesus and the Christian religion.

Missionary.-In order to understand your viewpoint, I must ask you to be explicit. Just where did you find what seemed to you to be contradictions T "

Muslim.-When you gave me the book some time ago you asked me to read it. I did not tell you at the time, but could have told you, that I have had a copy of the New Testament for a long time and have read a large portion of it and I think I can prove to you from your own book that your whole religious system is on a flllse basis and is wrong throughout.

Missionary.-At least I am glad you have been reading the book,-but continue. I want to learn your difficulties. Muslim.-Very well. I heard you say in one of your sermons recently-when I happened to drop in to hear your address-I heard-you· say that there is one God, and almost immediately you

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE 87'1

referred to the prophet Jesus as "Our Lord." I was the only Muslim pre'Sent and did not want to disturb your meeting so did not reply at the time, but when I reached my house I tookuP'Yonr gospel to see if I could determine just what you do teach. I found the book quite as misleading as the various statements of the Christians about God and especially a,bout Jesus. For example, I found the statement that he knew all things, but I found in another place that he said himself he did not know the time of his return to the earth. Whoever wrote the book reports Jesus as saying that he and the Father are one while in another•place I found the explicit 'Statement from Jesus himself that the Father is greater. I find that Jesus said that no man had ever seen ,Aillah and yet the . writer, whoever he was, says that God spoke dire,ctly out of heaven to Jesus and called him his son. God forbid! Could Allah have a wife' It is most abhorrent to us ¥oslems to think that God could have a son. "Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds. He begetteth not, neither is begotten, and there is not any like unto him." (Koran). Of course I can excuse you somewhat, for we all know and admit that the gospel has been corrupted and changed to suit Christian doctrines, and naturally those who do not know that fact have confused ideas on all the subjects of religion. We know that you do not have the original gospel that came down on the prophet Jesus. It is really laughable to hear you talking about one God and then immediately you talk about three Gods. Really now, where is the consistency in saying that one is three and three are one? That neither agrees with the laws of arithmetic nor of reason. Then you try to make God be a god and a man at the same time. Any reasonable man knows that it is impossible. Moreover the honorable Koran which came down upon the prophet Mohammed (The prayers of God and his peace be upon him) teaches us that "there is no God but God and Mohammed is the prophet of God." (The Moslem creed).

Missionary.-Let us take one thing at a time, Sheikh Abdullah. You see- Muslim.-You say you worship the one God and yet you call Jesus, sometimes God, sometimes Son of God, -sometimes Son .of man, until one wonders not how many Gods but how many Jesuses you have.

Missionary.-I am sure there need be no confusion as to there being more than one Christ in the gospel record and if you will give me opportunity I -shaU endeavor to tell you what we mean when we speak of our Lord Jesus Christ as the Son of God. You know and admit that there are many things in- Muslim.-That is just what I cannot admit. No Muslim will ever admit that the prophet Jesus is Lord. What right has any man to give God an associate ¥ It is absurd to call a man Lord.

Of course we Muslims honor the prophet Jesus (The, prayers of God and his peace be upon him) and we know that he was the greatest of the prophets except Mohammed. We know that the gospel came down upon him. Yes, yes, we honor him more highly than do you. But he was never crucified as you say. God would never permit a prophet to die such a shameful death. But to call him "God" or "Lord"! God forbid that I should ever blaspheme the name of God by associating anyone with him.

Missionary.-Patience, patience, Sheikh Abdullah. Is this going to be a discus,sion .or an oration ~ You are rushing ahead at a terrible rate and when you finish I fear you will conclude that the arguments are all on your side and you will leave without my having expressed my views on these matters at aU. Let me say that you have introduced enough subjects to keep us discu:ssing a week, not one evening.

Muslim.-Well, everyone of these things which I have mentioned is denied in the honorable Koran and that settles all questions of dispute. Your scriptures are corrupted. You have all sorts of Bibles and they do not agree with one another. One of my friends, Sheikh Ahmed, who di'Scusses with you sometimes, says that you even admitted to him that there are differences between your Bible and the one used by Roman Catholics. My son who is graduating this year from medical college in America,-and he knows English very well-tells me that there are many kinds of Bibles in English and all us,ed by you Protestants. How is this 1 He said that a few years ago a number of Elnglish and American scholars rewrote the whole Bible and changed many, many words in it and even left out whole s·entences.· God forbid that any such· fate should ever befall the honorable Koran which is God's Word sent down for the guidance of men. Now tell me. Is it true that those profes'SOrs really did change the Bible, and if they did would you use one of these mutilated books 7 Missionary.-I fear we shall never arrive anywhere in our discussion if you do not allow me either to affirm or deny some of your statements. You know, Sheikh Abdullah, that a discussion is a conversation on one subject between two or more persons. If we are going to get the most good out of this discussion we must exchange views.

Muslim.-O certainly, certainly. Excuse me. May it please you to proceed.

·Missionary.-Yiou have introduced so many subjects I scarcely know where to begin. Just where do you find your greatest difficulty?

Muslim.-The Trinity. I a'Sked you about that first of all and you did not answer me. Moreover are there not Christians who deny that there are three gods T Until you can agree, why do you

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE

try to get us to believe in your particular sect 1 How can one be three and three be one?

Missionary.-Your questions at least have the merit this time of all being on the same general subject. Now, Sheikh Abdullah, I want you to be fair with me. You gave me no opportunity to answer you. First of all let me say that no Christian denies the full deity of Jesus Christ. True some who deny that truth call themselves Christians, but would you call a man a Mohammedan who denied that Mohammed was a prophet' You certainly would not. -,Christianity is a life, not a profession and ~e teach and believe that entrance into this life is accomplished through a miraculous experience called the "new birth." Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God, and anyone who denies the full deity of Jesus Christ is not a Ohristian in any way, whatever he may profess. – There is no disagreement among the great body of Christians on this point, however we may disagree on minor things.

Muslim.-The only thing I know about this life of which you 8peak is what I see in these wicked Ohristian traders who are trying to debauch our country with their vile liquors and so destroy the teachings of the honorable Koran. A curse be upon them. But go on, tell me how three can be one and one three. May it please you to proceed.

Missionary-I am averse to discu:ssing this subject with one who has not read the whole gospel, and who has not given the Spirit of God an opportunity to show him this <great truth.

Muslim.-I have read most of the gospel. May it please you to proceed.

Missionary.-May I ask you to continue to read the gospel and with a mind open to the guidance of the Holy Spirit of God.

Muslim.-The Holy Spirit is the angel Gabriel. Do you uot believe that1 Missionary.-No, Sheikh Abdullah, we disagree on that point too, but let us not be carried off on a tangent. Will you kindly allow me ·to lead the conversation for a while f Muslim.-May it please you to proceed.

Missionary.-I think we agree that there is much in religion that is mysterious and beyond our understanding. You believe many things aoout God and about nature that you do not understand. We accept much on faith or are given proofs so overwhelming that we are compelled to believe much that is beyond our (lQlIl1prehension.

Muslim.-I cannot believe what I do not understand unless it has been sent down by God by one of his Prophets. Since the Koran abrogates all that preceded it I must believe only what is revealed or denied therein. It denies that Jesus is Son of God and

forbids us to associate any with God. I refuse· to believe what carulOt be demonstrated. You ask me to a.ccept- .

Missionary.-By your clemency, Skeikh Abdullah. Do be patient. I have not asked you to accept anything thus far. But listen. D!o you understand the processes of life1 Do you under- 8tand how a man eats bread· and it becomes a part of his bodyT Can you explain why an egg placed under the breast of the mother hen after twenty-one days become a chick, with a perfect organism of flesh and bones' .

Muslim.-I must admit that there are many things in nature . I do not understand. .

MissiofUl.r'y.-Not only so, but when we combine the natural with the spiritual, the mystery deepens and every believer in a higher power, however careful he may be as a thinker, is compelled to staud in worshipful wonder before the mighty works of God.

It behooves us to be very careful how we state that we will not believe what we cannot comprehend. Is it not true honorable Sheikh"

Muslim.-May it plea'Se you to proceed.

Missionary.-,Almost all things known to our experience exist in composite form. Man himself is a trinity of body, soul and spirit. I do not understand it but I b€lieve it, partly because of my own consciousness and my own thinking, but principally be- cause it is stated in the Word of God. Now when a man dies, does the whole man die, or only the bodyT We agree as to that, but neither of us understan~s the mystery of death or of resurrection, although we both believe that we are to have resurrection bomes.

It is all a matter of faith, not of understanding.

Muslim.-Yes, yes, I quite believe all that, but you must re- member that God cannot be compared with man.

MissiofUl.ry.-Most assuredly; Sheikh Abdullah, but I am using man only as an illustration of two points in my argument. First we believe much that we cannot understand, and second a trinity may exist in something known to us as a single object. N.ow let us take another step. You say your son is almost through medical college. Ask him and he will tell you that water is composed of two gases called oxygen and hydrogen. He will tell you that salt which is good for food is composed of two most destructive ma- terials known as sodium and chlorine. You read, did you not, of the use of poisonous chlorine gas in the late war1 It can be made from salt.

Muslim.-Strange, strange, all this. But are you sureT Missiona1'y.-Indeed I am sure. Go down with me some day to the secondary schools here in the city and we .will ask the pro- fessor to demonstrate some of these things for us. It is true of everything we see and touch. It all eJtists in composition.

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE

Muslim.-Yes but if that is all true, when you separate them you get something .else not the original 'Substance.

Missionary.-I am glad you make that statement. It oilly gives my illustration added force. I spoke of the destructive power of chlorine and of sodium which are found in our common table salt. Sodium would burn your flesh like fire and chlorine gas would strangle you to death in a few minutes. In like manner if you attempt to separate the Godhead, denying either to the Son or to the Holy Spirit his rightful place and glory you get a conception of God that is not God at all. YlOu will excuse me if I say plainly to you as a friend that the Moslem conception of God is different from the Christian conception altogether, and it is so because Mohammed refused Jesus Christ his rightful place in the Godhead.

Muslim.-What do you mean sid Do you mean to insinuate that we Moslems do not worship the one true God 7 Missionary.-Again I must ask your patience, Honorable Sheikh. You are responsible for that interpretation of my remark, not I. You agree that our concepts are different do you. not 7 Muslim.-WE worship the one true God. The God of Abraham and Ishmael and of Mohammed is our God. To us it is blasphemy to associate anyone with God.

Missionary.-Quite so, Honorable Sheikh. But when you think of God you think of him as a great being who is not much concerned with the affairs of men. He created some for fire and some for the joys of Paradise and your book quotes him saying "I care not." You thus make him a great monarch who is not concerned about the salvation of sinful men. Now we know God as a great and mighty ruler, but because He ha-s revealed himself through Jesus Christ we also know Him as a loving Father. You have ninety-nine beautiful names for God yet I do not find among them all either "Love" or "Father." Our word gospel means "good news" and the good news contained in it is that although we have all sinned and come short of the glory of God, nevertheless we are reconciled to God through the dealh of His Son.

Muslim.-Bla'Sphemy! Even ~f I could admit that Jesus was the Son of God as you say, I never could believe that God would allow him to be slain. The honorable Koran says that Jesus did not die. We honor him more than you do. How could God allow the prophet Jesus to be slain 1 Could he kill a holy prophet because another man sinnedT God forbid!

Missionary-That is the very thing I want most to tell you, Sheikh Abdullah.

M~lim.-I think I must be going. I have an engagement. Missionary.-It is still early. Perhaps you can wait long enough to listen to one illustration of the Trinity. That is the thing for which you seem most anxious. This illustration has helped me,

and I believe others, to understand something of this great mystery.

Will you wait 1 .

Muslim.-May it please you to proceed.

Missionary.-Here we are in a large city. We have electricity.

It is a great blessing. I think you light your mosque with electric lights on special occasions, do you not~ Now electricity is a very mysteriol1"s power. Even the best electricians do not understand it. Here is a wire which runs through all my house. It is charged with a current from the power house. What do you call that cur- rent?

Muslim.-We call it electricity.

Missionary.-Very well. I turn this key on the wall and the room is filled with light. What do you call that light as dis- tinguished from the light of a candle or an oil lamp.

Muslim.-We call it electricity.

Missionary.-Notice this quality in the light. It does not change while the connection is on. It is a visible expression of the something we call electricity. You say it is electricity and you are quite right in oalling it by that name. But hold a moment. Here is an electric iron which some one gave us as a present. Inside this ir.on ,are some wires coiled about on the bottom covering the whole surface. I remove one of the lamps and insert. the connec- tion attached to the iron. Will you kindly hold the iron in your hand while I do it ~ Now what do you think will happen 1 Will we get a light in the iron? Just touch the bottom of the iron and see if you notice any change.

Muslim.-By the beard of the prophet! It is quite warm. How is this? Strange! Strange indeed!

Missionary.-I cannot explain it all to you, Sheikh Abdullah.

It is one of those mysteries that you said you would not believe without understanding. But I want you to see my point. Is it just as legitimate to call that heat electricity as it was to call the light electricity?

Muslim.-I presume we must call it by the. same name. I know of no other.

Missionary.-Very well you call the heat and light by one name and yet Sheikh Abdullah, are you not able to distinguish between light and heat?

Muslim.-O certainly, I can distinguish between thpm but- Missionary-But what? You call the heat electricity just as a moment ago you called the light electricity. ,And you were right.

They are both an expression of what travels along that wire. Now go one step farther and the illustration is complete. You have seen the heavy cars on the street railway as they come and go in the city.. What moves them 1 Again you ans.wer electricity. You can light the car till it is almost as light as day without getting any

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE

motion. You can heat it till the iron is red and the wood is consumed and it will not move one inch. So you cannot say that either heat or light moves the car. Yet out of the same cable that produces the light and the hea,t comes also the power that carrie'S it across the city. Now Sheikh Abdullah I want you to see in all this a picture of Nature's God and I want you to know Him in His fullness as far as He has revealed Himself to men. I want you to see that God is power, as you now believe; that He is the creator and preserver of this universe, which is much larger than we can know; and I want you to worship Him and give Him all the glory due to His holy name. But I want you to understand also that God is light and in Him is no darkness at all and that Jesus Chri'st is the manifestation of that light and that in manifesting the Father as light, He proved Himself to be one of that mysterious trinity that we call God. I want you to hold your life open to that Holy Spirit of God who is burning into your religious consciousness these great truths which we have so imperfectly brought to you today. I invite you to believe in the One God who has revealed himself as the God of power and of light and heat, if you please, in the persons of Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

Muslim.-It is all very strange and wonderful. I shall see what the Koran has to sav about it.

Missionary.-Now pl~ase, Sheikh Abdullah, promise me you' will read the Gospel through.

Musli,m. Yes, yes. I shall look into it some more. Now I must be going.

SOME MOSLEM DIFFICULTIES The following are some of the statements about the Christian religion such as a Moslem is likely to make; also some of the 'questions a Moslem is likely to ask during a discussion. _ Your trinity is God (Allah), Mary and Jesus (Esa).

Things which distinguish Christianity from Judaism and Islam are all borrowed from heathen.

The idea of a trinity is found in Babylon and Assyria e. g. Merodach, his wife Zarpanitu and their son Nebo. (It would be a rare Moslem that could give any detail beyond first statement of heathen trinities.) An- cient Egyptians had trinity. Ammon, Mut, Khuns. Indian Trident- Shiva, Vishnu and Brahm. Persian mysteries had their baptism and a form of sacrament similar to Christian Lord's supper.

Aeneas in Virgil was son of a man and a goddess.

You call Mary mother of God. God was uncreated and could not have a mother. Could Almigbty God be confined in the body of a man?

"The Lord said unto my Lord." What God spoke and to whom did he speak? Cannot have a conversation between God and himself. You must have two gods.

"My God My God etc." 'What God was talking and to whom? How could God on the cross address God in heaven. Must conclude there are two gods.

You say Jesus is God. Who ran the universe when he was dead?

If Jesus died can you say a part of God died? Or did all of God die? 'Can you di vide God?

Who raised Jesus, himself or Allah?

How could God permit his son to die? If he was his son he would love him too much for that.

You say Christ became a curse for man. Would common criminal la.w permit a just man to die in the place of one who deserved the punish- ment? Unthinkable!

Was body and spirit and soul of Jesus, God? Did both body and spirit suffer or only body?

Then is God capable of injury and suffering?

You say God is a Spirit. How can a spirit become flesh?

Jesus disclaimed omniscience-liNa man knoweth the hour not even the Son."

Jesus disclaimed holiness more than that of a prophet.-"Why callest thou Me good."

Jesus disclaimed equality with Allah.-"My Father is greater than I."

Weare all sons of God. Jesus was Son of God only in that sense.

He claimed no other.

Can we say that God ate, slept, was tired, rode a donkey? You de- grade deity. .

When he died, did he really die? Where was his spirit? Koran says he did not die.

Contradictions.-"God is not a man that he should repent" so says your scripture, yet it says that He did repent 'WWny times.

Romans 4. Abraham "justified by faith etc." James 2. Abraham "justified by "works." Which are we to believe?

You have changed your scriptures. You cannot produce the orig- inal gospel.

Your own people no longer believe your Bible is Word of God. Ger- man scholarship denies it and French infidelity denies it, etc:, etc.

POWER OF GOD'S WORD IN MOROCCO . "A Moor, saw the text on the door of the Bible depot in Tangier: "Call upon Me in the day of trouble; I will deliver thee and thou shalt glorify Me." He came in to the place and asked: "Who spake those words, and where are they to be found?" Being told that God spake them through His servant David he asked to buy a copy of the book. Mr. Robert Stevens gave him a copy of the Psalms, which had the Gospel of Matthew bound with it, and drew his attention to Psalm 50: 15, and to Matthew 11: 28, "Come unto Me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.". .

"Ah, rest!" he said, "that is what the heart wants; no words like these are found in the Koran."

A.nother Moor, of the better class, came into the depot and said, "While everyone must admit that there is much good advice in the Koran, it cannot be compared to the Old and New T~staments; for while you read the Injil, you seem to feel that a living Person is in it, drawing you to Him."

Ideas of

BY PRESIDENT GEORGE E. WHITE, D. D.

Anatolia College, Marsovan, Turkey A MAN'S idea of God fixes his viewpoint for his theology and his theory as to his own place in this world and in the world to come. The Turks suppose that they are good Mohammedans and believe in the Allah of the Koran without addition to or subtraction from any of his attributes. Yet the conception of the Divine Ruler prevalent among any people may differ considerably from that which is presented in their orthodox scriptures.

Twentieth century Turks have drawn upon· at least two historical sources outside their sacred literature for their religious . conceptions. While· their standar~ theology has come with the literature of Mohammedanism from a foreign-that is an Arabian -origin, they retain some lingering remnants of the religious heritage brought by their forefathers out of the depths of central .Asia twenty generations ago. They have also been much influenced by their environment for six or seven centuries in Asia Minor, from whose earlier inhabitants, still an important section of society, the conquering Turks have absorbed so much blood and so much of their present character.

A 'TIurk thinks of God as very much like a magnified human sovereign. He believes that all good earthly government is monarchical and that all law has its ultimate authority in the person of the supreme ruler. Of the two leading forms of human government, the monarchical or military and the republican or parliamentary, the Turks have consistently maintained the former. Under this theory of administration every individual goes as high as he can, takes orders from the aothority next above, and passes them on to the ranks below. The YKlung. Turks in 1908 made an effort to establish representative institutions and to do things in the parliamentary way, but it was foreign to Turkish psychology and it failed. The old Turks represent the really characteristic ideas. They feel that the king or the caliph should be the real and unhampered monarch, that he may at any time reverse or revise his statutes, make exceptions in favor of individuals, or suspend the operation of any article of his code. A sovereign is expected to be arbitrary, sometimes capricious, if possible wise, but always powerful. He 'Should be keen in discerning the motives and .885

intents o£ men, and discriminating in awarding judgments and favors. He is expected to maintain a stately court, and yet to be accessible, at least at times, to the humblest of his people. His crowning virtues are mercy, clemency, compassion, and it matters little what claims of justice go unrequited if a cry for mercy is kindly met. The rulers of the "Arabian Nights" represented the ideal of monarchs of this character.

According to the Turk the ideal human ruler is surrounded by a company of courtiers and officers who contribute to his state, administer his affairs, and, if po"Ssible, anticipate his wants. The"Se functionaries have great influence with the monarch on the one hand, and each has his own feudal retainers on the other. Petitions are presented to the sovereign by means of some courtly satellite, and a wise suppliant endeavors to enlist in his behalf the good offices of some courtier whose influence is so 'great that the monarch cannot reject his request. If one can secure such a mediator, his suit is won in advance.

By natural analogy, then, the Turk"S think of God as the omnipotent Creator, Ruler, and Judge of all, a Being seated upon a high throne, far removed from the affairs of men, yet approachable to his favorites, and even to the humblest of his faithful subje<lts-these last being, of course, true Moslem believers. The Divine will, infinite and absolute, so embraces each infinitesimal human will that there is really no room to allow free sCl?pe to the latter at all. Turks are fatalists, and really hold that every event is determined for a man beforehand. Is he destined to fall in battle1-his body is proof against disease; has one the cholera1-to refrain from ea,ting green cucumbers for fear .of the consequences is lack of faith. It is not only unnecessary but impious to i"Solate a patient sick with some contagious disease for the will of God must be done. Does the true believer find himself in an unexpected place ~-he has water to drink there, and "the wa.ter draws him"; is he offered some delicacy to eaB-it was "appointed" to him. Is the Moslem irritated at alleged infidelity toward God above, or toward his theocratic representatives on earth1-he will indulge his passions by striking down men, women, and children in indiscriminate m,assacre, and comfort his soul with the assurance of some a"Strologer that he read all thes,e things in the stars five years before they happened; ask the astrologer if he could not have read some way to prevent such misery, and he will answer, "Oh, no, for it was all written in the immutable decrees of God."

After the massacre of 1895, in which thousands of Armenian lives went out in blood amid scenes that may not be described, the governor of a considerable city that had been given over to mob rule for four hours wa"S asked whether punish-

TURKISH IDEAS OF GOD

ment would be meted out to the perpetrators of such deeds. " Undoubtedly, undoubtedly," he replied, "every guilty man will meet with his misfortune. One will have a favorite cow die; another will lose an aunt by sickness; another will have a bowlegged son born; every man' will meet with misfortune suitable to his misdeeds." His respon'Sibility as the absolute governor never came to his mind.

Such fatalism, shared more or less by the Turks with all the people of the East, induces laziness, carelessness, and stagnation in both personal and public affairs. If everything is determined by fate, there is no room for human choi~; if there is no choice, there is no responsibility; and, without responsibility, there can be neither virtue nor vice, ground for neither praise nor blame, reward nor punishment.

Turks cannot, of course, carry out their creed with logical consistency. They feel the monitions of conscience, as all men must, and recognize themselves as in reality morally accountable; but the tendency of their faith is in the direction indicated. The outcome appears in the remark of a white-turbaned army chaplain: "Y'ou know God Almighty never requires anything of man the doing of which is hard." Think whither such doctrine would carry one in conduct! If the path of virtue appears hard, you cannot expect one to follow it. If anything seem'S easy and inviting, do it. If you have a point to gain by a lie, and do not take advantage of this means, you are hardly bright.

Sin and righteousness consist in obedience or disobedience to the Divine statutes,and, as these prescribe ritual ceremonies quite as much as ethical principles, one may be as guilty for not following correctly the prescribed rules for the washing of his hands before prayer, as, for lining his pockets with stolen gold, or for perverting justice under the influence of a bribe. Neither love to God or man, nor moral character, but ritual status, is taken as the ground of acceptance at the court of heaven. Confession is made with the mouth, and it matters little whether mind and heart agree thereto. Utterance of the formula, ' , There is no god but· Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet," gives the speaker all the rights of "the faithful," though the confession may have been forced and may be repudiated with all the heart. It is doubtful whether sin would be reckoned sin if the perpetrator were not caught. If one could bribe the gate-keeper, or gain back door entrance to heaven without the right of being there, God's leniency would be expected to triumph over his justice, and the man would be allowed to remain. • The Supreme Being, like an earthly monarch, is thought

of as surrounded by ministers of various ranks, who do his pleasure and have direct access to His presence. .AJngels of different sorts and names, among whom four are reckoned as preeminent, are reinforced'by the patriarchs and prophets of the Old Testament, and by' countless "saints" from among the devout of all lands and ages, or even by living men of outstanding reputation for sanctity. A great part of the religion of an average Turk, as is the case with many other Orientals, consists .in the endeavor so to enlist the favor of <me or more of these favorites at the throne of heaven in his behalf that he may be kept from harm, may ofl comfortable in life, and at death may be carried direct to Paradise. In the crises of life a Turk turns to God with prayer and sacrifice, but he presents his plea through the medium of some supposedly influential saint. Whether or not it has a mosque, almost every village has a shrine made sacred by the presence of a holy grave. The people of any given village repair to their shrine, and with individual or COll1lllunal worship endeavor to rouse their mediator to act in their behalf. Or, one may go a long journey to seek a famous sanctuary, or to present his petition through an intercessor who has the name of helping those in his particular plight. If a Turk suffers misfortune, and fears it may be due to his maltreatment of a Christian, he will resort to a Christian shrine, and pay the priest a fee to intercede in his behalf. Or if a Turkish woman learns that her Christian neighbor's child was healed from a disease after a pilgrimage to some church or monastery, she will take her child to the same place in hope of securing effectual intercession for the Moslem baby where God has already given proof of His acceptance of the worship. The idea in all such cases is that a given saint has such influence with the Supreme Ruler that his intercession must certainly 'Secure what is asked. If the exPected is withheld-God knows best.

. Turkish theology has nothing corresponding to the atonement of Christ, as manifesting God's abhorrence of sin and his winning love for the sinner, reconciling God and guilty man. Their prescription'S for a convicted sinner are three: he must repent of his misdeed, (at least repent of the conl'!equences), vow not to repeat the offense, (though he may yield to temptation later), and cast himself on the mercy of God. Vicarious substitution is recognized, but hardly in the Christian sense. One person may. receive a blow intended for another. If a percentage of men are destined to be unfortunate, when the quota' is made up the rest are exempt.

If real atonement be absent frOID Turkish theology, the supreme importance attached to mediation, interces'Sion, personal favor, has been perhaps sufficiently emphasized. Each little

man endeavors so to attach himself to the skirts of another greater and better than himself that he may be swept without successful challenge past every judgment bar. It is a selfish view, and begets selfish character. Soldiers in one division of an army are known to have been hungry, while in another division of the same army they were selling, and even burning provisions, because they had more than could be used. They lack the constraining love of Christ, that most powerfuJ. Christian motive, as they lack the reconciling work of Christ between man and God. And in spite of all their efforts, they seem to have no real confidence or satisfaction in any.

Turks speak with respect· of Jesus, and call him the '( Spirit of God," by which they mean that he was born without human father. They relate that the angel Gabriel appeared to the Virgin Mary, breathed upOn her, and announced that she should become the mother of the prophet Jesus. Thus conception took pI.ace, and thus Jesus is the "Spirit of God." . They place him in the series with Abraham and Moses, "of blessed memory," and hold that all were superseded by Mohammed.

But Christ is everything or nothing, and such respect for Him as is implied in the co~arison of his miracles with those of the semi-fabulous Arabian healer, Lokman, is hardly worth the -name. The term "Son of God" is a stumbling-block and an offense to them, partly because. of the habit of their' minds to fix on a physical relation, instead of a 'Sonship of character. Mohammedans deny the Son, and hence, as John says, (I John 2:23) they "have not the Father." They have "Ninety-nine Beautiful Names" for God, such as the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate, and the like, but they have no title meaning the Father, nor any signifying God is Love. They have no "Saviour" in the Christian sense of that term. Convicted by conscience of "Sin, dreading the awards of the future life, they strive to keep up enough of the form of piety to escape being caught in an unpardonable sin, and seek some mediator whose "influence" may be enough to get them safely through. They lack the impulses arising from personal loyalty to a worthy Master; they lack the relation arising from filial love to God the Father.

The following incident from a mosque gives a characteristic 'Turkish view of the obligation and relation of man toward God in the life of this world. The great mosque was full of men, and, the hoja eloquently depicted the majesty and the mercy of God, the frailties and the foibles of men. Men sin because they forget God~ he went on, and they forget God because they love the world too much. It is illustrated by a man walking over a plain, who finds himself pursued by a lion. Casting about for a place of safety, he finds a well with a platform about half

way down, on which he takes refuge. The lion comes to the mouth of the well above, and stands there roaring and waiting for his prey. There is also at the bottom of the well a great dragon with yawning mouth, ready to catch the man if he should fall. And as he looks he sees that two mice, one black and the other white,. creep out from the side of the well and begin to gnaw away the supports of the platform on which man finds his little brief irn;rnunity from destruction. But the man, by -some chance having with him food and drink, begins to eat and carouse, and make merry, with no thought of the horrors of his dangerous position.

This man, said the preacher, represents our human race. The plain is the world, through which we journey. The lion stands for the temptations that pursue us all with such fierceness. The dragon mean-s eternity, yawning beneath our feet. The black mouse and the white mouse signify day and night, or the flight of time, which will soon destroy the respite now granted 1;() us. But we, in our folly, ingtead of meditating on the solemn facts of existence devote ourselves to eating and drinking, to amusement and merry-making, enjoying life and forgetting God. And' then he said,-in e£fect,-May God Most High have mercy upon us, and deliver us from the world, the flesh, and the devil, while the crowded mosque rang with the cry of "Amin, amin, ,, and a thousand men rocked to and fro on their knees, and touched their foreheads to the floor in humble supplication.

,Mter the service was over a Mohammedan friend who had accompanied me to the mosque and myself were walki;'g away absorbeq in the worship that we had seen and heard.

"'J'hat was a good story," I remarked, "that the hoja told." "Yes," he said, "It was· a very good story."

"It -seems to me that there was one thing left out."

"What was that1" he asked. "There is no doubt that mankind in the life of this world is pursued. by vari.ous temptations, that eternity is yawning beneath our feet, that we have but a little respite before the flight of time will carry us away. But the question is, how we are to escape from these dangers. I did not observe that the preacher said anything about that, did you 7" ~'Why no," he replied. "Well," I said, "You are a. Mohammedan. Now what would you say, what idea have you about the way of escape from sin and its consequences ~" "I declare," he said "I do not know." Mohammedanism does not. know. It has no effective offer to make to a sinner who seeks salvation. Mohammedanism has no Redeemer.

Things OUf Missionaries

Communications from the Frontiers, telling of the kind of equip- ment that increases Missionary Efficiency.

FAR FROM THE SOURCE OF SUPPLY I N THE days when war news filled the papers, when sons and daughters were enduring the discomforts, the hardships and dangers of the training camps and the trenches, the parents, brothers and sisters at home counted it a privilege and a joy to spend hours knitting and sewing for the soldiers and sailors; or to spend dollars lavishly to supply every possible need of those who had responded to the call of God and humanity. Lives were saved by warm clothing that the government did not supply, and life was made more endurable by the contents of packets sent to the front. If there were sugges,tions that the efficiency of our representatives in the army was impaired by the lack of equipment, every effort was immediately made to supply the need.

Similar motives would lead Christians at home in the midst of the great world carrnpaign for the establishment of Christian truth and the spread of the Gospel of Life. to wish to share with the missipnaries on the frontiers the life of sacrifice, and to supply every pos'Sible material aid to make their work effective.

The following communications from missionaries give some, idea of the kind of things these heroic workers need to enable them to maintain their health and do effective service. Many of these things are so commonplace in our American and British home,s, offices" churches and schools that they are taken for granted, but they are almo'St unattainable in frontier stations. Who could realize, for instance, the importance of a piece of cord or a pin when none is to be had; but the most insistent and easily supplied need is for good literature. "Send us good books and magazines," is the almost unanimous request.

A very useful department of the World's Sunday School Association is the "Surplu'S Material Department," hut it is selfisn and often foolhardy to give only from our surplus, and many would prefer to give new material to their workers and use the old themselves. Birthdays and Christmas also call for gifts that will make our missionaries happy, and suggestions as to whlft to send are welcome. One of the largest houses supplying general merchandise through their mail order department writes as follows in reply to our inquiry as to what the missionaries most frequently call for in their distant fields of labor: 891

"The things that missionaries order <;lepend upon the make up of the families, the particUlar part of the vineyard where they are serving, and the amount of money they have to spend. Human needs are not so much different, 'So far as everyday living is concerned, in the northern part of the United States and the northern part of China. One of the strongest bids for influence in a new oommunity is to set up an American home, equipped with just the kind'S of articles that are in use here in the States.

"I hope that you will strongly urge friends not to select articles without consulting the missionaries themselves. Do not pay freight upon second-hand "articles, or things that are not needed here, or can be purchased cheap there. 'In these days of enormous freight charges, it is nonsense to be transporting about the world a lot of old junk that nobody really wants. The freight on second hand stuff is just as heavy as it would be on new stuff. Money can be expended to better advantage through selections from the ,catalogue of a reliable house and the matter of preparing, packing and shipping the goods to' the foreign lands will be entirely taken care of by people who have made it their business.

"If Ladies' Aids, Missionary Circles, Daughters of Rebecca, etc., want to make a real hit with missionaries, let them hold bazaars or other local functions and sell their home-made jams, jellies, coworts, socks, etc., and ,send the real money to the misBionaries. Then Mrs. Missionary can select what she needs instead of what somebody who never saw her, thinks she ought to have. Exporting houses will forward anything that is sent to them for shipment, if it will hold together long enough and the freight is paid.

"It h3s often seemed to me little short of Ii tragedy for good money to be paid out in starting stuff for some far-away mission field by some person who has absolutely no idea of conditions on the route or at destination. Furniture, sometimes new, comes wrapped in paper, and with little other protection than shipping tags. The man who contributed the furniture would just as willingly have contributed the money that the furniture cost him if the matter had been put up to him right. Missionary work is coming into its own, and it is high time that we all recognize that each new family as it sets up its family altar is entitled to start out with new things, inexpen'Sive and few perhaps, but new, and selected by the future user. ,A; practical way to bring this about is to have the mi'Ssionaries make their selections from the pages of a catalogue of a reliable house.

""Y1ou would smile over some orders the missionaries send in-and then, when you thought it over, you wouldn't feel so

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

much like smiling. For you, when you want a box of puffed corn, or a bottle of pepper sauce, or a paper of screw-eyes, can get them just 'round the corner. "But here is a missionary who must needs send to Chi- cago from China an order for shredded cocoanut, a fly trap, three mopsticks, and a football! " Another puts in his list one child's crib, a high chair, a bottle of hydrogen peroxide, and a bottle of castor oil. There is an American farrnily in that mission compound. And another orders a dozen nursing flasks. Of course he will distribute them. No one family could possibly use a dozen!

"These folks must have infinite patience. One wrote in and said: 'The goods I ordered last September arrived promptly in March!' And they take vastly more care in stating what they want, knowing that asking for explanations may mean a delay of four or six months.

"The missionary's purchase cannot go to him in a paper sack. They face the haps and mishaps of every known form of transit. They will be dropped on to wharves, and dropped into ships' holds, and tumbled off wheelbarrows., and swayed drunkenly on the backs of coolies. For these adventures, safe packing becomes a fine, as well as necessary art. Besides, 'Since ocean freights are charged by measurement rather than by weight, close packing is also highly important.

"Their needs will change with the changing years, but always they will maintain for themselves, in the midst of strange and alien airs, a little corner which bre~thes the atmosphere of home. Here will be the truly 'homely' things, sewing machine, and soap dish, and books, and the other tools of everyday living, which are just what are used at home, and so hold them to the simple domestic rituals which are of the essence of civilization."

FROM A MISSIONARY IN KOREA Most missionaries find it convenient to eat food from time to time, even when on the field, in spite of the fact that one on furlough is ,sometimes asked questions that suggest the thought that we lay aside such frivolity for the more serious business of missionarying. Again, most missionaries find it inconvenient to eat native food in any quantity when out itinerating. Some have survived the experience once Or twice, and minimizing the risk, continue to revel in pickled turnips, dried fi'Sh and fresh fish, and fish that neither' fresh nor dried, unknowable broths and red pepper sauce; but most of us take along our food boxes. Arises next therefore the question of fire. We cannot use the Korean fireplace to prepare our food.

It is under an immovable rice kettle, and though "the crackling of thorns under a pot" has a Korean as well as a Scriptural sound, it implies a form of fire not convenient for our cookery. There is always charcoal to be had, and charcoal has its advantages~out of doors. But there are other things out of door~dirt, for one thing. A little breeze strikes the courtyard, which is also the stable yard and contains the refuse heap of the Korean house, and, puff! your frying pan is peppered with a little shower of mingled dust and germs, principally germs.

For this and other rea1soml many of us like to take a "khotal," or oil stove to the country. It is a small brass affair that burns vaporized kerosene with a blue flame under air pressure, supplied by a small hand plunger in the oil tank. It can be had at any camping outfitter's. Some missionaries are addicted to the use of alcohol-in solidified formbut unless your fuel fund is heavily endowed it is beyond the reach Df the itinerant.

The missionary housewife likes a fireless cooker. The Koreans call it a fireless stove, and it is especially desirable for the use of ladies who return at twelve and go out again for Sunday-school at two. We. use ours as refrigerator in summer to keep milk cool.

One does iwt need to be a missionary to know the value of a gold medal folding camp cot. Ask Unele Sam. Of course, there are missionaries who despise this as somewhat too luxuriou,s for a 'Serious minded itinerant, but no other than a native could really enjoy sleeping on a heated Korean floor, which is the Korean bed. And then sometimes, if not always, there are certain other reasons not wholly dissipated by the Persian powder argument which make a folding camp cot seem a perfe.ct haven of rest and refuge. For this may be said of the camp cot, that when all etse fails you can set its leg'S in pans of water. This makes one safe from attacks of all ex- cept flying squirrels, and they are said w be harmless.

Some of us had to come all the way to the Orient to learn that the japanese lanterns we have always associated with lawn fetes and the Fourth of July, really are Japanese lanterns.

A good coal oil lantern is indispensable w all missionaries who live where kerosene is available, and there are few places in the world today where it is not. A lantern lights, one to church when there IS no moun, ~nd very frequently it afford'S the most brilliant, if not the only light in church for the evening service. One goes over church records or studies by its light when out itinerating. A little group will follow a "foreign" lantern along the highway at night, making comments on its construe-

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

tion; and sometimes they follow it into church out of curiosity and accidentally hear the Gospel!

I do not know of any missionary, among the men, that is, except perhaps the very old ones, and some wh{)se early education was too classical, who would not rejoice to receive some good tools, saw, plane and square, chisels, ratchet brace, pliers, etc. All of us meet occasions where a few tools are indispensable. The Korean saw is set with teeth that point backwaJ'd, like those in a shark's jaw, and a handle like tha,t of a bucksaw. One is supposed to sit ()n the ground and hold the wood with his toe,s while sawing. This is interesting, but inconvenient. We once saw a Korean using an American saw.

He hel4 the blade upright between the soles of his feet as he sat on the ground and rubbed the wood back and forth on the saw.'

The missionary housewife says that oolored sewing 'Silks, espe.cially machine thread, are most desirable things to have on hand. It may seem like "coals to Newcastle" to 'Send silk to the Orient, but it must be remembered that the thread is manufactured in America and England from imported raw silk.

So a supply of sewing silks wouJd make a far more aeceptable gift than a taffeta pin cushion, or a gold braided vanity box.

Button hole twist and basting thread are the only varieties that can be bought in our city of fifty thousand.

:B'inally, when you want to send your missionaTY friend a gift, why not send him a book, a good one, a new one, 'S{)me- thing that will help him in his Bible teaching); or will keep him in touch with the things people at home are thinking about, and stimulate his thought?

Pyeng Yang, Korea. C. WALTER ERDMAN, MORE NEEDS IN KOREA The needs are so numerous that I hardly know where to begin. We needed a bell for our church, and· also an organ. I wrote to a friend for both and they were duly received, and have been of great service. A church bell does excellent service in getting people to church on time, and in calling the attention of unbelievers to the fact that there is a church in their oommunity, and that the Christians are having service.

A church clock would help to regulate the length of the services, and help make the leader more orderly. For 'Several years my young women's societies have supplied me with enough gifts for all our Sabbath school children at Christmas. I have asked for soap, wash cloths, towels, material for bags, pencil boxes, writing tablets, paint boxe'S and small toy;s, for the very tiny children. Books in English, any kind of wearing apparel,

I a'Sked not to have sent as these are' useless. The large pic- tures illustrating Bible scenes, and left over Sunday-school cards can be used to good advantage. Picture postal card'S are more acceptable if a clean 'Sheet of paper is pasted over the side with writ- ing on it. Then the cards are ready to have a verse of Scripture written on them in the native language before the yare dis- . tributed. Scrap books are acceptable, provided they have the _ right kind of pictures.

Kindergarten supplies of almost any kind are acceptable. A victrola came to our home, and it has been a constant joy, not only to us but to the many Koreans who visit our home. When it is known that a home ha'S a victrola new records would be very gratefully received. iThe furniture and furnishings in a. mission- ary hfmle wear out as in .America, and the heart of Mrs. Mission- ary would bound with joy if some day a check came with the mes- sage "Buy something for your own home." Fresh wall paper i'S a joy, and when ten dollars a year is all that is allowed by the Board for hoU/se repairs, new wall paper cannot be afforded very often. Table and bed linen also wear out. Our small boy is longing for a bicycle, but the missionary pocket book cannot manage it.

If Mrs. Missionary's size is known, a dress pattern now and then helps her to keep her old clothes fairly modern. A gift of money to put in a screened porch w.ould add much com- fort to the mis'Sionary home, and help keep the family in health.

Just now I am longing for a bath room equipment for our home in Pyeng Yang. The longer I am here the more I believe that anything that adds to the missionary's comfort makes a better missionary.

Pyeng Yang, Korea. MRS. C. F. BERNHEISEL.

THAT MISSIONARY FORD It is getting to be the habit of Inissionaries in Chosen when they go home on their first furlough to return to their field bring~ iug with them some new degree with which they may proudly decorate the posterior end of their names. These vary in size and in cost and amount of dignity. One of the lesser stars of missionaries went home. a few years ago, realizing his deficiencies and the 'Plainness of his name, and fostering secret hope'S of some little exterior improvement, before he should return to his doctored associates in Chosen. But during the short stay in America he found that a D.D. was not for him. Entirely unbeknown to him there came in one day the degree of F. O. R. D. conferred by the University of the Church of Unionville. We accepted it as a gift from the Lord for our use in His work, and we are desirous that it shall be used well in this cause.

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

GIVING OUT TRACTS FROM A FORD IN KOREA It is a Pullman car of luxury and a giant of usefulness alongside of the various other sputtering, nervous, little demorul that we have tried to ride over the roads of Chosen. My father visited Chosen a few years ago and often traveled with us to the country. He went back home to America saying, "Nothing in the way of good equipment is too good for the missionary." And from him came our motorcycle. Certainly if we consider the work of the busy missionary worth while at all, anything that will help iSave time, conserve strength, and make more work possible for him is certainly a most practicable and reasonable gift to provide him.

The Ford has not been here long enough for us to tell you all about its varied uses and advantages-and expenses. But we have already used it for over three months and we have driven it about 2,000 miles, including a trip to Kangkei and Wonsan. We are still keeping our seven-dollar-and-a-half share of that sturdy donkey up in Tukchyun county. He will always be used, we expect, as a sort of "tender" for the Ford, altho when we think of the disposition of that little donkey there is a mistake in the choice of words somewhere in the above phrase.

We expect to make some long trips in the machine when the roads and the seasons will allow, but the base will have to be at home. Our idea of the machine is not to use it in continuous itineration but out on trips of shorter duration, to visit points in the country where we have special and urgent business. We can often go out for over .Sunday. Sometimes on trips close by we can save expenses and time and baggage by going out

early Sunday morning, holding two Or three services and re- turning in the evening. One advantage is that we can take either our wife, or another' missionary, or several Korean brethren of the city, or may be all of them, ·to help us' in our work and make the trip count for more. Ways are multiplied in which the Ford connects the country with the advantages of the city, and brings more people of the better developed city churches into contad with the more needy rural churches.

One ·of the most appreciative passengers that we have ever taken with us is our old friend Mrs. Yi, (Pu Mu Kol Yi Si as she is known around here.) She is the grandmother of D'r. Graham Lee, she says, and was one of the Lees' staunchest friends while they were here. She js. 89 years old. Soon after we had started and were bowling along at a good rate we turned around and asked her how she liked the Ford. "Don't bother me" she answered with apparent difficulty. "I can't talk. My mouth is full of wind!" We took her up the mountain to the lookout near Peony Point, a place she had not been able to climb since she was a young woman. She saw her city spread out before her, the playground of her girlhood, and the beautiful river and the green pine trees and the verdant fields far below; and as we rested there the dear old grandma pathetically exclaimed, "I have ridden in an automobile! I have, ,seen this wonde.rful sight again! Now I am ready to die!" When later in the moonlight we put our aged friend down at the door of her thatched cottage she turned around to us and said, "I am not going to thank you. This isn't your automobile anyway. I'll give thanks when I say my prayers tonight." However, the next day an anonymous chicken was brought around to our house and tied to our kitchen door.

HELPFUL IN JAPAN .

Japan is not an easy country to which to send equipment.

We have no hospital work, kindergarten material is all made here much cheaper than at home and the Sunday-school sup- plies, with the exception of the large picture rolls, are prepared in this country. Picture rolls for the Sunday-school and Christ- mas boxes for our girls' schools are always helpful and greatly apprecia,ted. How a Japanese: girl, large or small, appreciates and prizes a pretty, well dreElsed American doll! Dainty white aprons, hair ribbons, lace edging and fancy bags, you in Amer- ica can scarcely realize what a joy a box of these things brings to both teachers and girls at Christmas time. It is an intimate, personal remembrance from the MothQr Church in America.

Tokyo, Jap(JJyt. HELEN O. REISCHAUER.

SOME Tl-IINGS OUR MISSrONAR1BS NBBD

A MESSAGE FROM CHINA Of the larger gifts, I would put a victrola first. It is an inestimable inspiration to the missionary, especially in interior China, where he hears nothing nearer music, ten months in the year, than the joyful noise a well-meaning oongregation can make.

It is a great delight also to the natives, and we have enter- tained hundreds with our $25 machine. An occasional new record is a great treat. Father sent some in a round tin box with corrugated pasteboard between, and none were broken.

Of little things, an occasional pattern of a skirt or dress, if the size is known. So often I have labored in vain for something wherewithal to clothe myself because my patterns were out of date.

I've made a chu,rn out of a malted milk bottle, a chair rung and a door knob; I can beat eggs with a fork, but I've never found a substitute for the rubber rings that mlljst g.o on fruit jars if the fruit is to keep. These are especially useful, as so many improvident ones are inclined to borrow. Shoe strings often cause distress by their absence. I had' a man ask me once for my last shoe string. Darning cotton and, elastic if one lives in the interior are often a crying need, but of course a thrifty person won't often be caught without them. .A good sweater is a necessity that is alwayslshrinking away from us.

Then if it is to delight the feminine heart, little treasures like a sweet grass basket or dainty handkerchiefs keep a woman from becoming as gray and dull as her barren surroundings. Books are alwaYls gladly received and keep us in touch with the .out- side world and its interests.

Shuntefu, China. MRS. GUY W. HAMILTON.

LAOKING IN CHINA AND TIBET Perhaps the following will be useful in helping others to make a selection which will be of invaluable help to any missionary.

1. Baby Orrgans. Through gifts of money I have been able to purchase four of these here in China, three of which are in lise in each of three country and city chapels, and one is uf'Rd in my woman's school. These are among the most useful and appreciated helps in the work. They are better bought here in China, as they stand the climate better than those from home.

2. Kindergarten materials. When I wa'S home on furlough, someone presented me with a case of used materials, which I have used ever since, and with the greatest plea'Sure, both to the children and myself, and to the pa.rents and friends.

3. Victrola a;nd records. When I was at home friends gave me a small one, size 11 x 8, using the regular Victrola Record'S, small enough to take itinerating in a houseboat, and of great

use and giving much pleasure both in the. home and in the school, to Ohinese as well 8iS foreigner.

4. The Lesson Picture Rolls. These are of invaluable help, in evangelistic meetings for women and children, in the school, m Sunday-schoQls, for itinerating in city and country, for gifts to pastors and evangelists and helpers. I have them mounted on thin wood roOds, ISO that they hang on the wall, and can be rolled and carried at will. And those printed now are so artistic and beautiful, that I have given them as gifts, at "Opening House" feasts, for wedding gifts, and otherwise. The walls of my school are adorned with these, and every guest on entermg, exclaims at their beauty, giving us an opportunity to Jell the story to the Chinese. And they are in constant use for teaching the Bible. Of the last lot sent to me, one roll I kept uncut, as it was the Life .of Christ, and in the Special Week of Evangelism at the China New Year, when we were holding meetings for non-Christian women and children, I used this roll to tell this wonderful story, and the picture of Christ on the Cro'Ss brought instant silence in the room, and moOre than one exclaimed, "Ka kw'u" "how bitter." Nearly all our chapels have these pictures hanging on the walls, the Chinese mounting them very neatly for about ten cents each. This year I' have had many tens of these done in this way.

5. Used Postcards, with. the writing covered neatly with white paper, s,o that a verse from the Bible can be written on. We use many thousands of these in city and country, and thus scatter a bit of Scripture which may bear much fruit. The children, and even men and women, eagerly ask for these.

6. The beautiful Pictures used to illustrate the Beginners' Lessons. These are most useful in teaching the Bible lessons, both in the Kindergarten and children's Sunday-schools; and also in Bible Classes they can be framed for gifts to the Chinese, to hang on their walls, where now often the only pictures are the advertisements of British and American Tobacco Companies.

7. Christmas Boxes. Most beautiful dolls have been sent me by friends and societies f.or the children here ever since I came out, but now that these are unprocurable, I will send you a list of what came to me la;st year and the year before, which made my heart rejoice and my feet almost dance, with the thought of the pleasure they were going to give the children. .A great many of these things came from the Five and Ten Oent Store, and a shower from that 'Store will do any missionary's heart good! Cakes of toilet soap, of which we cannot receive enough, facecloths, small towels, small bags with a few little things inside, crayons, tops, pocket knives, dolls, game'S, horse reins with bells, small col.ored books, handkerchiefs by the score, balls, a teddy

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

bear, a woolly dog, stamped squares with the colored cotton to work them, small stamped dres'Ses, children's hose, boxes of pencils and writing pads, paper dolls, a small flat iron, boxes of'

colored beads which the children love to string etc., etc. These boxes ought to be started long in advance to reach the mission- aries in time, but the amount of joy they give is well worth the cost of time and effort and money. – A small globe of the world would be of the greatest use in teaching the Chinese that the world is not fiat, this to be mounted on a standard.

8. Scraps of silk, velvet, [satin, cloth, print, percale, almost anything, left overs from dresses, secured from the tailor, or small shops, or from home, are of the greatest U:M. Always women are wanting these for making their shoes and shoes for the 'children, and small pieces four or five inches square or oblong are not too small, bright colors or dull or black, all will be used. Last year I bought a bundle of odds and ends from Montgomery Ward and Company, for ninety-eight cents, every piece of which made a garment, 'Small Or larger, for the Chinese children. Mission Bands at home, and Endeavor Societies could collect these pieces and have them sent out by mail or otherwise.

There, I think that will do for this time, and will give you a starter I A camera, v~st-pocket flash-light, indeed, almost any- thing under the sun that is of use at home can be put to greater use here. Soap, and more soap. Handkerchiefs, and more hand- kerchiefs.

Ningpo, China. :EDITH C. DICKIE.

Roderick MacLeod, of, Batang, Tibet, writes with much intere'St concerning the helpfulness of a phonograph which they have at that station. Dr. Loftis left this instrument behind. He says: "Some of the records are the charming songs of the Southland, songs that are full of human feeling and all hearts take to them. Grand marches pulsing with force and triumphs, songs of love that breathe forth the tenderes,t pas'Sion of human hearts and the hymns of praise that waft to heaven the emotions of the Christian spirit. This instrument brings much gladness to our lives. Last night as I sat and listened, I thought of that good man, Dr. Loftis, who had brought such delightful mu'Sic to this far off land."

LITERATURE NEEDED INMABIA A missionary in Arabia writes that the gifts from home that he has appreciated most, and that have contributed most to the efficiency of his service, have been those which have made

possible the continual purchase of books and the sUbscription to magazines. He continues: "The missionary is faced with the necessity of providing him- self with magazines and books along three lines all the time.· First his technical works, medical or theological or educational magazines, books, etc. There are no libraries in Arabia and it is a safe statement that no doctor at least should take less than half a dozen of the leading medical maga.zines, and buy at least two or three books a year. They cost lots of money. Secondly books and magazines dealing with missionary news, policy, and progress. They do not cost as much as those listed under the first heading, but you can not get them for nothing. Finally no missionary c'an afford to deprive himself entirely of some light reading for recreation both of the magazine type and lighter books, any more than can a man at home. If people at home appreciated just how short rnissionaries frequently are along these lines, there would be fewer missionaries who grow stale for the lack of means for keeping in touch with things as they are at home."

Bahrein, Persian Gulf. P. W. HARRISON.

Another missionary from the same field endorses this re- 'quest, ,saying: "Books and magazines make most acceptable gifts. No mis'Sionary is ever able to afford as many as he would like, and nothing else is so necessary to keep us in touch with the life and thought of the world. Subscriptions to any of the standard weeklies, monthlies or quarterlies, either general, missionary, popular, 'scientific, educational, travel or children's (the latter especially for those of us who are in school work or who have children of our own), make a gift to a missionary which is un- equalled. Most missionaries are far from libraries and reading rooms, and the best of the new books are doubly appreciated by people living in the .outposts of civilization.

"Victrolas and records are always a much used and prized adjunct to the work of those who are fortunate to possess them.

.B'or the marching and gymnastics of the school girls, to entertain a group of Mohammedan lady callers, to give a treat to' the boarding school boys in the evening, to play in a hospital ward, as well as for the pleasure of the missionary family and their guests, they 'earn their passage' many times over."

Busrah, Arabia. DOROTHY VANEss.

FOR SOU'l'H ,AMERICAN WORKERS In sending thing's into a country like Colombia, South Amprica, one must remember the exorbitant tariff duties. Some dear

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

903 people in the States once sent us a parcel of little garments for the children, bed-linen, etc. They marked the value of the parcel as $11.00, and paid all the postage which they thought would be due on it. When the parcel arrived we had to pay $17.00 to get it out of the post office. Then, as these friends had forgotten the ages of the children, few of the things fitted. Although they refunded us the money we paid for the parcel, the value of the contents did not equal the price paid. Things sent by freight are much worse. A 'Pair of silk socks sent in a box .of toys for the children, made us 'Pay duty on the whole box as though all the contents were silk-equal to duty on six hundred 'Pairs" of silk socks. There have been many times when I would have been most grateful for a 'Paper of good pins, or a wonderful package of needles, such as department stores at home sell for five or ten cents. Pins here are five for a cent, and are so ineffective that they will pas'S through nothing without bending or breaking. Needles come in tiny pill boxe,s, two f.or a cent, and always rusty. They are not more than two-thirds the length of a re- spectable needle. An egg-beater would be an undreamed-of lux- ury to us in the depths of Colombia. We take with us from the States everything that we think we shall need for three or four years. Perhaps you can imagine how successful you would be at that-if you felt that you could do no shopping for three years, and had to buy ahead.

We are alone in our station and can never enjoy anything that could be called recreation-no lectures, no music, no play time of any sort. So we depend absolutely upon the little reading that we can do to keep us from the insane asylum. Friends have sent us a few magazines after they had read them and we were most grateful. If there were those who would send us some of the high class magazines we would be happy. In "Bogota I once saw a young woman, a missionaTY, cry because the book her friend had promised her for Christmas, proved to be a discussion of Paul's ~eology. She said, "Doesn't she know that I have not seen a new book of good fiction for four years. I must get away from religious reading now and then." I would not dare say how many good missionaries feel the same way. Not necessarily " best sellers" or new novels are desired. Most of us have outgrown a desire for these, but a new book of travel or biography or science or humor, something that is not of a, religious nature sometimes is desired above all else. Books written about the country where we are working-by those who have visited our land, books of travel anywhere, or any good di.scussion of current affairs-these are the books for. which our souls long. When we find that we must forget the misery about us, and must forget our own problems for a little while, we are often driven to read~

904 ing-for perhaps the fourth or fifth time-sonre book of Dickens, or Van Dyke-yet the desire is often strong for something more connected with affairs of today. There is never a library and there is nowhere one may borrow. .

Books and magazines are entered in our country free of duties, unless they come by registered mail. We do not sit down to read every day, but there are moments; sometimes at table, often when the children a,re -sick and need watching, or we ourselves are ill, and unable to leave our beds-then we gather togther all the material at hand and feast. We have to have something to help us keep our balance and not become fanatical or intolerant.

Bucaramanga, Colombia, So. Am. MAUDE NEWELL WILLIAMS.

FROM CENTRAL AMERICA Many things that would be most useful in one country wouM be only a burden in another and many things which oould be obtained only from the United States in certain sections can easily be obtained on the field in other parts. Here in Guatemala for instance clothing and shoes may be obtained much cheaper than in the United States. I always remember a nice overooat 'Sent to my wife on which we had to pay $12, duty. The same coat could have been purchased here for $7.50. In some other fields that coat Inight have been a godsend.

For the home in Guatemala we need to buy from the United States or Europe: Crockery, Glass, Silverware, rugs, pictures and above all books, and magazines. We have so many calls for every cent of salary on the field that we feel we must let these things go. Then too we get out of touch with the life in the home land. On a sleepless night there is nothing like a book. The long waits which occasionally occur, the long rides on horseback or on the train, the moments between visitors, all can be utilized by the Inissionary with his book. It even occurs sometime that a missionary is put in prison. It happened to me once but the weary hours passed swiftly away as I read Chapter after Chapter of George Barrows "The Bible in Spain" which a kindly aunt had sent me and which I had carried along in my pocket when I left on that tour.

For the Churah and Sunday School: Our people are easily appealed to through· the eye. All .sorts of picture cards, picture rolls, charts and maps, are useful.

Towrs: On a tour one always travels as light as possible, but two things must always accompany the missionary, his toothbrush and his fountain pen. Both come from the U. S. A., both tend to wear out or get 'lost. I have never met a missionary who was over supplied with either of these commodities. The

SOME TlUNCS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

fountain. pen is a source of never ceasing wonder to the native'S who can never contain their surprise that it writes ink without being dipped in an inkstand. The tooth brush is a little better known but if the missionary does not have his own he is likely to be invited to use the family toothbrush of his host, which they tell me is considered unhygienic in the United States today.

Quezaltenango, Guatemala. PAUL BURGESS.

A BOOK SHOWER FOR FILIPINO SCHOOL-Boys Miss Suman of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society writes from the Philippines to ask if any friends can supply supplementary reading matter f.or her High ~chool pupils. The required list of supplementary reading includes the following books: The Young Pitcher, Grey; Hawthorne's Biographical Stories; Blue Fairy Book; .<Esop's Fables, Ed. by Jacob; Little Journeys, Flanagan; The Dog of Flanders, Louise de la Ramee; Red True Story Book, Andrew Lang; Pluck on the Long Trail, Sabin; Character the Grandest Thing in the World, Marden; For the Honor of the School, Barbour; Pollyanna, Porter; Tales from Shakespeare, La;mb; Abraham Lincoln, Baldwin; The Long Trail, Gardner; Stories of Useful Invention, Forman; Mother, Norris; Success, Marden; The Alhambra, Irving.

Money can be sent for books by post office order or books can be sent anywhere– "t regular second cla.ss postage rates. .

IN THE CENTER OF AsIA MINOR In my school work I have found very useful a model of the Tabernacle with the camp of Israel 'Surrounding it. This has been exhibited to my own Bible classes in the 'College Department, to the Grammar School classes as they have come to the subject in their work, to the Primary classes in Sunday-school,and even to' groups of students in the Boys' High School. In working with young women I have been glad to· own certain books written in simple English, but with good wholesome tone, which I can either read aloud to girls or lend to them for their own perusal. Many a time have I read Miss Alcott's "Little Women" and Mrs. Prentiss' "Flower of the Family" to girls who have almost no access to books, but who are eager to hear how other girls live. . To myself personally, and to some of my mis'Sionary associates a dressmaker's form is most desirable. Mine is a pneumo-form, to be inflated to fit any waist lining, and with a standard adjustable to any height. It folds up into .a box fifteen inches square and three deep. With this help, dressmaking becomes a pleasure, and in a land where neither dressmakers nOr ready nmde clotl;ling are obtainable, this is truly a valuable part of my equipment. For social gatherings, it is helpful to have some games for the youngsters, such as ring tos'S, crokinole or parchesi, and for

the older ones authors or lagomachy. Friends have sent post cards by the hundreds which I have used in a multitude of ways. One batch had wall paper pasted on the back-a most satisfactory way to prepare them for use.

Harput, Asia Minor. MARY W. RIGGS.

IN THE LAND OF THE PHARAOHS With regard to things most useful in our work shall I name those for personal use first ~ Books and magazines are at the head of the list, from the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and those of devotional character to those of practical hints for housekeeping, dressmaking, etc. Christmas time usually pro- vides handkerchiefs and towels, but never too many. Every missionary should have a typewriter, but many still find them listed among the impossible luxuries, when they are, in fact, life savers and time conservers.

Books again head the list as gifts for pupils in the day schools, from the simplest illustrated story books to the whole- some stories suitable for older pupils. O!ne could keep in close tORch with the graduates by having a little circulating library of one's own. The missionary can suggest readings to fill up the lonely hours of those who return from the positive, Chris- tian atmosphere of the mis.sion school to non-Christian homes.

A Moslem graduate wrote me in appreciation: "Thank you again for all those lovely books. I have finished 'George Mliller' only today. How I admire such a man, and hope to make my life like his. Yes, it is wonderful the way he prayed for some of his fri'ends."

Gotton blankets form part of the equipment in the Girls'

College. They are not to be had in the market in Egypt and must be supplied from America.

Cairo, Egypt. ALDA B. ATCHISON.

MOTOR CYCLE AND A STEREOPTICON IN AFRICA Not long ago I took a trip down on the Eaawo'o Road to visit village schools and do some itinerating. I took the lantern along and gave several evening talks on the life of Ghrist with the help of the slides. The people enjoy these meetings very much, a.s there is so little to be read and 'So few who can read, but pictures they can all enjoy. One of my recent j,ourneys was made easier by the loan of Mr. Neal's Indian motorcycle. I made the trip to Kribi, 66 miles, in three hours, and came back with ease and comfort. It would otherwise have taken me two days each way at least. It is a great help in getting around the field and attending to churches and schools. The machine has a rear car also, which

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES'NEED

will enable me to take Mrs. Reis and the children along with me on some of my trips.

West Africa. JACOB A. REIS.

·Qne of the most primitive fields is in Central Africa where almo"St anything from a civilized land is a boon. A bicycle is almost a necessity. Mr. George Schwab of Metet, West Africa, writes: "We jump on a wheel, or a motor .cycle, and off we are. ~'here are so many miles to cover or points to visit in so many hours or days. There is no other way, unless more men can come. The school ooys come by hundreds. We can scarcely do more than call the roll in "School, when we must off to some other task. Is it any wonder we are becoming amazed a,t the product of our effort 7 There are many calls for teachers and evangelists from so many' headmen beyond our outposts. There came boys recently from a school which is six days walk from here, with a request from a chief a day· beyond them, that I send "Someone with 'the Life.' "

FORDS IN SIAM AND PERSIA A Gospel Ford sent to Dr. and Mrs. Campbell of Chieng Mai for missionary work receiVEd a cordial reception, more than twenty native carpenters giving their labor to build a garage. In several of the districts the Christians have volunteered to repair the roads leading to their village. GIn one Sunday the car carried two missionaries and three native pastors to the waiting congregations. Th~ man who stood guard over the car during the services improved the time by placing two hundred po:r:tions of the Scriptures in the hands of non-Christians. Three cottage prayer meetings were also conducted by the party, two of them in houses that had never witnessed a Christian service before.

From Persia Rev. Dwight M. Donaldson writes: "We have got the first news of the things that are "coming by freight. A telegram has come saying that forty-nine boxes have arrived in Karachi, India, and asking how they should be "Sent on to Persia. Possibly I shall have to go by motor transport for 800 miles to the terminus of the railroad and organize a caravan there to bring the first freight ever to come from America to Meshed. Coming back I will probably ride in the Ford car sent by the Men 's Bib~e Class of the New Castle Church."

FROM A MEDICAL MISSIONARY IN INDIA "0 for a motorcycle to take me around on my distant calls! Sakina (my helper) and I are out on a "case," 20 miles from home and no train u,ntil 10 p. m. It is now 7 p. m. and I am sitting on my feet trying to keep them warm. We have driven from

a village five miles away, bump, bump, bump, in a native cart (a "tum tUm") over a bad road hoping to catch the 4:15 p. m. train, but we missed it by ten minutes. A baby's life has been saved so that it ha'S been a good day's work even if it has' taken us from 12 p. m. to 12 a. m. to do it. A motor cycle would have cut the time down to three hours away from the hospital and a side-car would have taken my helper with me. Do you remember how I simply "bellowed" for a motorcyiCle, and that motorcycle is the joy pf my existence. I have sent a long list of what we need in the hospital,-sheets, clothing, etc.; and in another list I have cried aloud for a high power microscope and bed pans. The books that I really need most are Bible literature. It is perhaps strange, but I have been buried in medical literature for a good many years, and need some help in Bible Study.

Ambata City, India. ELIZBETH LEWIS.

A MISSIONARY'S SUMMARY A sy;stematized list of' things that a missionary in most lands needs, but which Callnot readily be procured on the field, is found in the following fairly coinplete summary from China.

FOR GENERAL MISSIONARY WORK.

A folding camera is almost a necessity, whether for regular work or for special things, as it adds to reports and letters to have pictures.

Typewriter. A light, small typewriter is mO'st convenient, and makes letters and reports less of a burden to those who write, and those who read them. .

Bicycle. Whether itinerating or in a large city like Peking, the bicycle saves an enormous amount of time. A' friend sent eight for the use of our Chinese helpers, and they increased the number of villages they could visit in a month in a marvel- ous way. With a wheel the country paths in China are pass- able, even when cart roads are not."

F01Jhl,tain Pen. This is practically indispensable for all mis- sionaries, men and women alike. , A Compact Toilet Case and Compact Writing Pad are a great comfort in the frequent long journeys.

A Wrist Walch with reliable time-keeping qualities is a great convenience. In winter one wears so much clothing and in summer so little, a safe place for a watch i'S always a problem. .

A Traveler's Medicine Case. On long journeys, away from doctors, one must carry along certain standard remedies. A clinical thermometer is needed also. A Mimeograph. There is constant need for programs, ex- amination papers, notices to helpers, etc. Printing is expen'Sive and Chinese copyists very slow.

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

FOR ITINERATING WORK A Folding Rubber or CanvalS Bath Tub, and folding wash basin. On a month long trip, the bath tub is a necessity in China, and a wash basin has always to be taken. The danger from eye infection is so great that we never use any other than our own basins.

A CanvalS Tent large enough to hold a cot or two insures one against the danger of tubercular infection at inns, and the vermin that infest these places.

A Folding Army Cot secm:es one a comfortable bed when sleep on a hard brick floor might prove impossible.

A Baby Organ may be taken from one place to another. in the country and assist much in teaching the tunes, a'S well as in attracting a crowd to services.

A Small Alcohol Lamp may make a quick, palatable meal possible when traveling where inns are poor or do not exist at all.

·CHRISTMAS GIFTS FOR LETTERS BY REV. J. C. KOENIG, LEPER ASYLUM, CHANDKURI, INDIA As to Christmas gifts, money is certainly more acceptable than the average merchandi3e. Nearly everything sent can be bought cheaper locally, especially if the shipping 'expense is counted. A few toys, pictures, cholies, mufflers and socks are acceptable, but even they can be had just as well here and the shipping expense saved. I would like to have for Christmas, first of all $50.00 for a Christmas dinner. We have always given meat, potatoes, cocoanuts and sweets on this day.

For presents I would like tops for the children, cholies for the women, and cholies, mufflers aT socks faT the men. I can buy toys at a small cost and have cholies made locally for 20 cents apiece. .We need about 300 cholies per year. Of the knitted wool mufflers or socks for the men about 200 would be needed. The knitted wool mufflers are certainly very acceptable but must be very expensive. I can have muffiers made here of flannel, at the cost of 20 cents each.

Blankets costing 89 cents, coats costing 24 cents, and saris costing 36 cents are always needed by the Asylum Inmates. Gifts that would be very much appreciated but that I have never been able to supply are sandals, spoons. plates, and tumblers. Sandals as worn here come to about 25 cents each and would be a great boon to the Lepers to protect their sore feet and their band- ages and to help them to get about. Plates and tumblers of enamel ware come to about 10 cents each and would be very acceptable gifts, and spoons would be doubly acceptable as our Lepers have such difficulty to eat in the native fashion with their fingers. Metal ones for bowls can be had for 5 cents apiece.

For my office I greatly need a new typewriter. Myoid machine is almost useless. All is well in the Asylum. We now have 435 Lepers, 18 Leper children, and 60 untainted children. Last month 60 Lepet men and women were baptized. Our new boys' home is finished and is a splendid building. Two new women's wards will be finished by the end of the year.

TRAVEL WHERE THERE ARE NO AUTOS OR

The bicycle or motorcycl e often do ubl es a missionary's us efuln ess by increasing his territory an d facilitating travel TO TEACH THROUGH EYE-GATE BIBLE PICTURE ROLLS SOME THINGS YOU CAN SEND TO MISSIONARIES Equipment that makes work more fruitful at home and abroad 910

® @ ~……….B..:.E..S._ T M~ ETH……O….._D"S•._ .,,~O

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK NINE BEST MEETINGS A missionary meeting does not have to be dull and insipid in order to be orthodox.

Some leaders never have to urge the attendance of their mem- bers from the standpoint of duty. Instead they devote all their time to the preparation of programs no one will want to miss.

An old farmer who was attending a church convention chuckled to himself as he read over the subjects on the program.

"See here, parson," he said to his pastor, "there's one thing always amuses me about the way you church people go at the busi- ness. You've had papers and discussions all day on how to get people to attend your meetings. I've never heard a single address at a farmer's convention on how to get the cattle to come up to the rack. We put all our time on the best kinds of feed. I sort of have a notion that if you put more time on discussing what to put in the rack you wouldn't have to spend all that time discussing how to get your folks to attend."

Twenty-five leaders who have been especially successful were asked: "What was your best meeting?"

Their answers will help to furnish material and suggestions for many other good meetings.

i' II : iI I I A RECOGNITION MEETING .ers, King's Heralds, and Little Light Bearers, all combined. When a church having a total membership of 1100 members, with By a ten days' Drive, 435 new members were added to our mis- 490 members in its various mis- sionary family.

sionary organizations adds 435 new Celebrating this wonderful achieve- ment, a Recognition Meeting was members to the missionary societies, planned,-a great get-together occa- sion. Four committees were appointmost likely some one has been at ed to plan the four features of the program: work. Grace Methodist Church, First, Auxiliary Hour, from 4 to 5 Zanesville, Ohio, did this very thing. o'clock.

All of the missionary organizations Second, Children's Hour, from 5 to 6 o'clock. pulled together. Then they had a Third, Social Hour, to which all old four hour recognition meeting in and new members were invited, many men having become extension members. which all the societies took part. Fourth, Young People's program, 7 :30 Mrs. O. N. Townsend who led the to 9 o'clock.

hosts to victorv describes this best For the afternoon meeting beauti- meeting: . ful and appropriate decorations were Members of our foreign missionary organizations. numbered 4~O-Auxiliary, Regular, ~nd Extension Mem- bers, Young 'Women, Standard Bear- 911

placed in the Sunday-school room, with satisfactory provisions for everyalso in the Lecture Hall for all e:}{er- body's comfort. cises after five o'clock. Supper over and the dining-room Long tables were conveniently closed off, all were comfortably seated. placed. A substantial, self-served supper was paid for as members Young PeoPle's Hour. passed the cashier's desk. Through The District President presiding. organization leaders, a fair estimate A short greeting extended to new memwas obtained of the number to be provided for. This plan worked ad- bers. mirably. Nothing was solicited and Response by one of the men. thirty-five dollars .remained after The Standard Bearers contribution was paying all expenses, including decorations. a playlet, "The Saturday Basket Club," a stunt in which Six or eight girls took The Social Committee called to its part. help a goodly number of women and girls, secured a caterer and this part The Young Women followed with an of the celebration was without con- original demonstration called "The Secrefusion or uncertainty and more than tary's Dream." conformed to the standard of never serving any church supper, the ex- America, in costume, received reprepenses of which shall exceed 30% of sentatives of various nations, heard their the gross proceeds. The balance was· story of despair and pleading. divided among the five organizations and added to our fund for Medical The Secretary, asleep under the even- – Equipment. iug lamp-awakened to receive four little fairies in costume, with telegrams from PROGRAM the Membership Marshal saying, "We will answer our share of the World's Auxiliary Hour. Devotional· period of heart-_cry." rare beauty. The Auxiliary,· the Young People, An appropriate solo. the King's Heralds, and the Little Medical Missions, stressed by demon- Light Bearers, have enlisted 435 stration, in costume: "Who bids for my more to help work for the extension Sign." of the Kingdom of our Lord and His Impressive word picture of the home Christ. base, by a member. Clever Sketch, by two members, (in MARY TowNs]i:ND. lighter vein). Zanesville, Ohio Recognition of new members. Greeting by the President. THE BEST MEETING Roll Call by groups (standing to respond). It was not the meeting when the Contingent offering. Missionary creed. most tears were shed, nor was there Hymn. evidence of great emotion. It was in Adjournment, to Lecture Hall. a little Upper Room when fifty or more radiant young women-some of Children's Hour. them calling themselves "The Rain- March of King's Heralds and Little bow Division"-had been dining to- gether, and now were talking of the Light Bearers, singing. missionary service to which many Two or three short r~citations and one had pledged themselves. One blessed girl said, referring to some recently musical ·number. gained knowledge and insight: P;)ntomime, "March of the Mites," illus- "Oh, I didn't know before that trating use of the mite box. missionary work was like this." Grouping all the children about her, a Just what opened her eyes ami young mother with a child in her arms, heart I am not certain, but in that told the story of "Other Children." moment something stirred in ·the hearts of those who listened, and Another mother sang soft1y-a tiny hoy made even the most indifferent won-· repeated, "The Flaymate of Nazareth," as der what it really was like anyway a closing prayer. to be enlisted in this service.

Social Hour. So many among us do not know A great big splendid fiamity gathering what is the real reason why there are those in our churcl!es who do not

192O} BEST METHODS

care about missi{)ns, and I verily be- On the day of the meeting she lieve that if we carried some of the joy and enthusiasm of this beautiful blocked off sections of the seats, girl into our service we would draw more people, young and old, into tying signs on the ends of canes, these missionary ranks. fastening the canes to the backs of That meeting was such a happy one. Once in a while when tempted certa-in chairs tQ designate these to grow a bit discouraged I recall the radiant face and the ringing words divisions: "Mothers," "Grandmothof this "Rainbow girl"-"I didn't know it was like this"-and then I ers," "Aunts," "S. S. Teachers,' and just take a deep breath and say to myself: "It is like this, and I am "Junior Leaders," "Sisters," "Neighglad to be enlisted." Washington, D. C. bors" (this last to include all the CLOTILDA LYON McDOWELL. left-over ladies!) There was a cer- MISSIONARY PLAY-TIMES DEMON· tain degree ~f amusement in finding STRATE)) proper seats;-:-Boy Scouts were ush- The Wide-Awake-Friend wrote me that someone had sent her a certain ers. Ten boys and girls of assorted little book about missionary playtimes and story hours, and she knew ages sat spellbound on the side rows it would revolutionize the ladies in her church if somebody could only (so the- audience could see the spell work up a program on it, and proved why that somebody should be-my- working, you know!) None of the self! So the program was made and sent, and even though I live to demonstrations had been rehearsed, be a hundred, never again will a program of mine create such a stir, as it seemed safe to count on the for she added frills and furbelows of her own, and wrote me that her proper reactions from anyone under "ladies" reacted exactly as she wanted, "and then some!" twelve! -.

For invitations she secured long 1. They opened with "I Think strips of colored paper from her church printer, gratis, and pasted at When I Read,"-mothers and grandthe top adorable little boys and girls from magazine advertisements, being mothers sang one verse; teachers and laundered with Luxor powdered with talcum, or dining on jellies and leaders another; aunts and neighbors cakes! Underneath she typed. the third; the children themselves the "Of course you know one! Somehow, everybody's bound to be fourth.

either aunt or S. S. teacher, 2. With this spirit in the air a mother or neighbor, sister or Junior leader to some delightful young woman came and sat in a little child,-and bigger ones, too! So we know you will enjoy our chair on the platform with children absolutely novel program on (date) on squatting around her on the floor, as "*The School of Mother's Knee" she recited the verses of "Alma (There will be solos, exercises, demonstrations by children and Mater" found on page 10 of the grown-ups•• You will love it) book to be reviewed that day-"The School of Mother's Knee :-"

"The oldest university Was not on India's' strand, Nor in the valley of the Nile Nor on Arabia's sand; From time's beginning it has taught And still it teaches free Its learning mild to every child- The School of Mother's Knee.

The Bible Reading followed,-II Timothy 1 :3-6; with a talk to moth- ers and all others, gleaned from pages 11-16 of the book referred.to, show- ing the divine place that play has in forming habits of sympathy, fair play, cooperation and friendliness, and how missionary playtimes are doubly fascinating to clinch the need ~f the world with the fun of "being someone else."

4, Sentence prayers followed.

5-. Then an un~unced solo.

while all heads were still bowed: 8. Then followed a never-to-be- "A Mother's Hymn," (page 210 for forgotten scene when another wee words and'music source). child in an irresistible "nightie" knelt 6; After which the fun began, at her feet and repeated after her when my Wide-Awake-Friend her- "So Many" (page 49) naming the self started the play demonstrations. ten fingers one at a time for the First came "Copy-Cats and Chatter- Christ-less countries. While still Boxes" (Chapter I.); she sat at a kneeling, som.eone stood beside them low table on the platform jingling a and recited "My Altar" (page 38) Box, and summoned a shy little and gave a one-minute review of the Four-Year-Old to come up and join chapter on bed-time prayers and her. The jingling won him! He stories; after which the pretend~ wanted the thing in that Box! And mother gathered up the little kneel- everyone heard him ·chuckle as he ing child into her arms and told .drew out a little bullock cart, made about the "Little girl who never used from two spools, a tiny box, a curve a button." (page 45.) of white paper and a piece of string. 9. Having thus briefly proved that She told him to drive it around the missionary play-times are feasible table, which he promptly did, while for small children, another speaker she explained that a Chatter-Box in took the Junior age, and proved "The home or school has a new missionary Mysterious Charm of Bundles"

plaything added every day (or Sun- (Chapter III.) by calling a nine- day) thus forming a continued story: year-old girl to the platform, hand- a nurse from a magazine advertise- .ing her a note and reading aloud ment might come, after the bullock directions for her to look behind the cart; then a little hut, made from a piano for a package, which she did box plus a cone-shaped roof; a sick with much excitement, unwrapping Hindu doll; a bed .for a hospital. a Chinese doll with a scrolly letter Before everyone's eyes Four-Years- attached containing further direc- Old dragged the dear nurse in the tions to find a Chinese house, etc.

cart to the hut, collected the patient (Pages 53-66.) At this point every and dragged him gently, oh so gent- child in the room was on tip-toe ly, to the little bed (made from a around the little girl. "You see!" said box with the lid fixed just so; my the demonstrator significantly. And "Wide-Awake-Friend" showed them the audience saw!

how, from page 137 of the book.) 10. "Dressing-Ups" to be Hindus, After the Chatter-Box came a Jack- Chinese, Immigrants, and Alaskans in-the-Box for another F our-Year- came next ( Chapter VI.), and Old, and a Copy-Cat for another, so showed how mere left-overs were that missionary pictures could be quite sufficient for "missionary"

traced through thin paper. She clothes, and how "S. A. T." (Society moved this table to a corner of the for Adopting Twins) gave a splendid room where those three youngsters outlet for teen-age activities.

played contentedly for over half an 11. Meanwhile the Boy Scouts had hour, obviously captivated. And the "fidgets,"· so Chapter XI. had their mothers were seeing it, too, of its inning, and the boys and girls course! played "Looping the World," trying 7. This was in March, so she to loop missionary heroes, whpse used one of the missionary flower names were written on rubber jar playthings suggested on page 34. circles, on hooks, labelled as coun- Holding a daffodil in her. hand she tries, ("Carey" must. go on India, had another Four-Yeal'-Old repeat "Livingstone~' on Africa, etc.) Other after her, into God's :Little Yellow games were. menti0rt~ 'then to .create Telephone -the .lovely ve~se ·:of "The quiet once more ; ., Whis~r Song." It)Vas be~uti£ull • 12. Missionary· scrap-books were ~-~.=..-="",~-.-"-=-~.'" -~–

BEST METHODS

begun, as suggested in Chapter VIII. ing. The Bible study was the ,Story on "Successful Rainy Day…" There of a Shipwrecked Missionary (Paul). was the Hungry Scrap-Book (pict- Then followed most interesting and ures of food, rice from China, tea informing talks which the girls had from Japan, sugar from Cuba) and prepared on "Ships. that Have the travel book (Gorikishas, sedan Sailed." The first one was on the chairs, bullock carts) etc. Sophia-Hedwig, the first missionary 13. While the pasting was in ship which carried Bartholomew progress, a third Demonstrator dis.- Ziegenbalg and Henry Pleutschau to played a shelf of missionary books India. Then followed stories of every family should own, and plead- 1;Ians Egede's "Hope" and various ed for a "Once A Week Story Night" other ships that have fascinating (as in Chapter X.) stories but are little known. Six girls had six minutes each to tell of By this time everyone was seeing the ship assigned to them. They had the possibilities of such play-times: made so much advance preparation their fun, their simplicity, their sig- their talks were sparkling with innificance. My "Wide-Awa~e-Friend" terest. wrote it was rich to see the audience nodding its hats and craning Ten minutes was given to a stirring its necks and wiping its eyes! talk on "Cargoes that Shame Us," "Something good will come of this," dealing with the intoxicants and idols she wrote. sent from. Christian America to non- They closed by having everyone Christian lands, and to the tourist stand to read in unison from the parties and business men who have blackboard "My Crown" (Page 170.) been so thoughtless and Godless in their influence. "The only crown I ask, dear Lord, to wear The special offering was gathered in baskets made in the s.hape of Is this-that I may help a little child. ships. I do not ask that I should ever stand New Y o r k E ; . M;.B. Among the wise, the worthy, or the great; I only ask that softly hand in hand GIVING A ~IISSIONARY MESSAGE TO A child and I may enter at Thy gate."

They sang "Saviour. Like A Shep- THOUSANDS herd Lead Us" as a benediction; and the children scampered up to their Lancaster, Pennsylvania, is one of the cities that makes city-wide misrespective mothers and aunts and sionary plans. Recently several teachers crying: "Couldn't I please thousand of its people gathered on the beautiful west slope of Buchanan have a little doll like this to play Park to witness *The Striking of with." America's Hour, a pageant of. Chris- tian liberty. More than three hun- MARGARJ<:T T. ApPL!<:GARTH.

A SHIP AHOY MEETING dred people took part in the presenta- Our best meeting last year was our tion of the pageant. Silhouetted Missionary Ship Meeting which was against the sky-line just over the held by the young women. The invi- ridge were the towers of Franklin tations were tiny ships cut out of and Marshall College and the magthin card board' with invitations writ- nificent trees of the campus. A ten on the back. A 'large poster chorus of two hundred voices . sang with ship announcing day and hour "How Lovely are the Messengers" of sailing hung in the vestibule for from Mendelssohn's St. Paul. A two weeks before the date of meet- sextette of contralto voices rendered .* The School of Mother's Knee-A Book .qf Bach's "Strike, Strike, Thou Long World Wide Playt'mes by MarUM'et T. Apple- . Look~d for Hour." . ,Then· the garth p"bluhed. hill. Women's Americs1l Bopti.rl 1J.:uqJpeters ,summoned' the Spirit '<if ~:~k:gj,ri~.r1i1o':.Y Socid::;, ,27~: Fi't~. Avtt_#_.N~w Brotherhood with Li~ty. and. Jus-

ike bdore whom the nations of the hie invitations in the shape-of card9"'"

earth passed. for judgment. N-ever- with a flashing solitaire cut from a to-be-forgotten was the impression jewelry catalogue pasted thereon.

made by the great empires of the Underneath the ring was printed, past as they slowly ascended the "Your engagement is announced for sloping hill-side – Egypt, Greece, June meeting of Missionary Society, Babylonia and Rome-all summoned Friday at three thirty." At the bot- to judgment and condemned because tom was printed "Brides from Many they did not set their own people Lands will Attend."

free and did not send out the true The program was made up of im- light to lighten the world. personations. A girl dressed in There was great enthusiasm at the Chinese costume told how she had entrance of America preceded by: been betrothed, a little widow from ten handmaidens. India' gave a touching impersonation.

The Striking of America's Hour An African, a Japanese, a Korean, was made impressively evident by the and a Mohammedan bride followed.

pleas of those who look to her for The girls had studied their pa,rts light. well and while no words had been The pastor of a Lancaster colored assigned them they had made such a Baptist church made the plea for the thorough study of the customs it was negro in America. A large group of easy for them to impersonate' a girl immigrants followed by groups from of the land they represented. Very Japan, China, Korea, and other non- simple refreshments were served by Christian lands made impressiv~ the brides. Every one enjoyed the pleas. A negro girl who was an meeting and all of us had a deeper honor high school student led the insight into the customs of other group of more than twenty colored lands. The girls who had taken part people who sounded Africa's call. in the program were especially im- Not one among the thousands pres- pressed.

ent failed to catch the significance of New York. S. C.

America's closing words with the cross lifted high above her head, A NEW WAY OF STATING SOME OLD TRUTHS and a missionary message was given to many who are not reached in the The most unique and for that rea- son one of the best missionary meetusual circles. Nine denominations and thirty ings I have ever attended was given churches cooperated in the presenta- in the form of a little play entitled tion of the pageant which was direct- "Sara Speaks Out." Two of our ed by Mrs. C. N. McHose, chair- gifted members wrote the play, and man of the Missionary Committee its primary object was to enlist a of the Lancaster Y. W. C. A. and large number of participants not Miss Lebzetter, chairman of the usually heard from. The scene of the play was Sara's Religious Work Committee. Many of the societies that plan home; A group of women fresh only in a small way Illight use this from the afternoon's missionary suggestion for a community service. meeting stopped in to tell her about the program in the hope of enlisting JUNE ROSES AND MISSIONARY her interest. Instead Sarah gave BRIDES them a piece of her mind. She Our June meeting was best of all. assailed the society and the way The hostesses had sent out irresisti- meetings were conducted aqd the sort of programs they arranged.

Her criticism reflected. CUrrent -thought and gave opportunity for much information to be given on

BEST METHODS 91:7

both sides.. The various mIssIOnary Another plan successfully tried out magazines were all discussed and a for the same purpose was to conduct stimulating atmosphere aroused. the meeting as a school session with An amusing part of this play was members assigned to various classes, the' frequent confession ~ :terwards as history, geography, reading, s~el1made by those who too" ~….t that ing and music. The teacher may call they found themselves answering ~•. rlasst"s ill an order that will vary titudes and objections which the;' the program and ask questions which had securely held for years. she alone has seen. Mnsic and read- a The two necessary rehearsals pro- ing may bt given by individuals.

moted most friendly spirit and Columbus, O. MRS. C. B. RAYMOND. under the guise of a "play" many PLATES FOR NEARLY A THOUSAND valuable suggestions were given. BUSINESS WOMEN MRS. D. J. FLEMING. Chicago.

To step off of busy rushing Fifth A MISSION STUDY BEE Ave., New York, into an earnest How to Make the Chapter Study Gospel Service with nearly a thou- Interesting sand business women present is an experience not easily forgotten. They Several weeks before the meeting were not all present at the same send to each member a copy of fifty moment but came in about four in· or more carefully prepared ques- stallments.

tions on the chapter of the text The wonder of wonders about it book to be studied that day. Also is that it is not a "drive" nor a appoint two leaders who divide the "new broom" meeting. For three membership equally, each being re- years, week in and week out, sponsible for the presence of her through winter's cold and through, group. summer's heat, every Tuesday this At the time of the meeting, let noon-day meeting for business the room be as appropriately arid women has been held, first in Madi- attractively decorated as possible and son Square Presbyterian Church and the _table for presiding officer mid- then in Ma.rble.j, Collegiate.. Church… way between the sides of the room at At eleven o'Clock 'one 9rmore wome~ one end, with chairs for the oppos- of the committee are standing in the ing groups on either side. As the hall to welcome the girls who come ladies come in let the leader of each in to luncheon. Some of the most· group seat her members. prominent women of N~w York have When ready for the program let served 6n these commi~tees in the the chairman take. the chair of the, past three years. A, .business girl.

president and ask the questions of met a member of the .. committee on alternate sides mold-fashioned· the street some time ago and ex- spelling bee style. pressed her .. appreciation of the.· If the lesson is well prepared so luncheons. She said, "At first I, the questions do not fill the time, thought the ladies who were doing let the· chairman ask also general it had just taken it up as another missionary questions or questions. fad.. and they wQ!.ddsoon tire of it – concerning the organization and· anq· drop it. I havll been so sur~.

officers of the denomination to-which prised and delighted to have it kept, this auxiliary belongs. up in this way."

Let the losing side be responsible From eleven to two a good for an unusual presentation of the luncheon is served for twenty cents, next chapter. This has been succeSs- so that the business girls and women fully tried in smaller groups where in that vicinity may have the oppor- the text-book is being used for tunity of attending the noon-day gospel meeting.· The. ~aker for study.

each day makes four talks as the though· we have a walk of eight blocks.' girls come and go, according to their No. it is not only the food that calls lunch hour. us ! We find the speakers chosen by you very inspiring and interesting, and Mrs. J. E. L. Davis, the chair- it is not uncommon to hear little groups of girls discussing what was said by lhe man, who has led the work so won- speaker after their return to the office. derfully since its beginning, takes a Tuesday afternoons always seem so much few minutes with each group in happier and shorter just because we have memorizing and repeating Bible pas- heard some helpful message at mid-day. sages. Then there are ringing Gospel Nor is it uncommon to hear the girls in hymns with a song leader, and the the office humming hymns which were talk of ten or fifteen minutes. sung during the noon service."

The audience changes four times "I just want to say that I am very from twelve to two, while girls are happy in spirit and the answer is beconstantly slipping in and out quiet- cause i made my decision on April 10th. ly in order to meet their lunch and took MY LORD .AND MASTER INTO MY schedule. HEART AND I MEAN TO KEEP HIM THERE FOR Some of the letters and messages 1'HE REMAINDER OF MY l"nIE." that have come from business girls to the committee show how they "I look forward to my luncheon beappreciate this somewhat unusual cause it is always so dainty and clean, meeting. and everything you serve is delicious and so different from restaurant food. Al- "I want you to know how much the though I have mentioned the luncheon first, it does not hold the more imyoung ladies of the Ingersoll Watch Co., portant place in my mind. What really draws me, rain or shine, is the Iittie have appreciated the Business Women's chapel upstairs and our wonderful times there. If only I could make you under- Luncheon. Our girls were the first to stand what the sermons and singing have attend the luncheons when they were meant to me! Always it seems that the started in the Madison Avenue Center. ;peaker has some soecial message for me, They fairly lived from Tuesday to and I come out with a brighter view of Tuesday, and were more anxious to life, and a resolution to be kinder and hear the speaker than to eat their lunch, more thoughtful of those with whom I and, oh, the sad and disappointed hearts come in contact. There is just one more when we moved our New York office to point I wish to mention. Up until I 30 I rving Place. The first remark uttered attended your meetings, I had never read was 'We won't be able ·to attend th the Bible. I believed in it and con- Business Women's Meetings any more. sidered it rather "uninteresting" reading Don't you suppose it would be possible and preferred to have some one else read for them to hold the luncheons .some it and tell me about it. A few weeks ago place nearer our office? May I say I received a Testament from you, and thank you for myself. How my heart each evening I read a portion of it. I rejoices to know that Jesus Christ is really enjoy it now because I find the being lifted up before the business women people and places so rea1." of this city I' "

."Tuesday is always looked forward to by the girls of my office which employs from thirty to forty. On the average ahout twenty-five attend regularly, al-

Woman's Foreign Mission

J. , EDITED BY MRS, WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N.

PROGRAM OUTLINES FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS ON THE BIBLE AND MISSIONS THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE Benediction. God be merciful unto us and bless us, Although no official reports of And cause His face to shine upon us, summer conferences have reached That Thy way may be known upon the editor it is evident that the at- earth. tendance was excellent and the in- Thy saving health among all nations. terest strong. Large quantities of lit- Psalms 67 :1, 2.

erature were sold, especially the' text PROGRAM TWO book by Mrs. Montgomery, "The Bible and Missions." From TwiHght to Dawn of Day'

Northfield regist'ered 1190 for the Introduction. week of July 9 to 16. In response Let leader call attention to ten figures to the request of many workers who prepare programs for auxiliary meet- of speech on pages 54, 55, 56, such as, ings we print here an outline for each "walking beside a deep river after folchapter, that will be equally well lowing a rill," "as a tree is rooted in suited to small and to large societies. They have been developed from the the ground," etc., and show value and lectures given at Northfield by Mrs. beauty of such metaphors. This makes Farmer who took the place of the author of the book. a connection with the preceding chapter. (S minutes) Program outlines for Missionary Meetings: Hymn. "0 Word of GOD Incarnate."

The Lord's Prayer. (Note the missionary spirit.) Define New Testament, consulting Dough- ty's "Efficiency Points." '

Let all read "Aim" (page 52).

(10 minutes) Four Blackboard Outlines.

PROGRAM ONE (4() minutes) Gr.P:AMS 01' MISSIONARY TRUTH Each topic to be developed in ten min- utes and followed by a prayer.

Devotional Service (15 minutes) Eight women. Lacking a board use Hymn. "Faith. of. our Fathers," large sheet 0 f paper on wall.

Reading. Psalm 119, Verses 105, 129, 1. Study of the Father-God as taught by 130, 132, IJ4, 135. John 15, Verses Jesus. (Pp. 56 to 60.) 7 to 16. a. Transcendent and immanent.

Prayer for increased study of God's b. Righteous and loving. word among Christians and not-yet c. Just and forgiving. Christians. d. Fatherly to all. Hymn. "Lead On, 0 King Eternal." Z. Study of the Kingdom. Topics~ (Pp. 60 to 71.) 1. General Plan of the Book. a. An old idea, spiritualized-Good Author, Aim (page 5), Definition of News.

Bible etc. (5 minutes) .h. A silent force. not a revolution. , 2. God's Plan in Law and in History. c. A universal hope. not a Jewish (Pp. 17 to 26.) 8 points with religion.

illustrations. (15 minutes) d. A delayed triumph.

3. Poetical Revelation. (Pp. 26 10 32.) 3. Study of Jesus as a missionary.

Ruth, Job. Psalms. (10 minutes) (Pp. 71 to 83.) A Bible Reading with Comments. a. ,Activities.

4. Twelve Messengers with Scrolls. (Pp. h. Commands.

32 to SO) (15 minutes) 4. Study of the Apostles as missionaries. (Pp. 83 to 89.) A Thought and a Quotation from each of 12 women. a. Antioch and the First Commission See Sargent's picture referred to on Service. page 43. b. Missionary Tours.

S. Discussion-Which book of the Old c. Stewardship of money and life.

Testament has the clearest mis- d. Strategy and Spirit of Apostolic sionary message? Closing Devotions- program.

The Apocalypse as a Missionary Message.

Hymn. "0 Zion, Haste." (Pp. 89 to 93.) (5 minutes) 919

Closing Devotions: 154 to 159.) (20 minutes) Let all read We:ymouths translation of Given by several women. • the Great CommissIon on page 78. 3. The Bible in the War. (Pp. 160 to Benediction as in Program 1. 163.) (5 minutes) 4. What one girl started. (Page 164.) PROGRAM THREE An International Agent of Evangelism (5 minutes) Pocket Testament League. (The Bible Translated.) . 5. How can we prove our interest?

(10 minutes) 1. Blackboard Exercue Open Forum. Discussion based on p. 165. Write on blackboard :!uotation from PROGRAM FIVE Dr. Mott. List of The Basis of Christian Civilization Ust of Versions. Church Fathers Sentence on hoard. (Page 169.) Septuagint Clement . "Imperfectly obeyed and only par- Syriac Polycarp bally known as the Bible teachings Armenian Tatian have been, they have laid the founda- Coptic Justin Martyr tions of all that is glorious in modern Latin Irenaeus civilization."

Ethiopic Eusebius 1. TOPics Gothic Cyprian . (1) A Message for the Nations. (Pp.

Explain the above and 'quote a few 167, 169) (5 minutes) choice sentences. (Pp. 96 to 100.) Human society-one great family.

(5 minutes) Nations are responsible to God. 2. Family Worship among early Chris- tians. (Pp. 97, 98.) Quotations from the Bible and other literature. Devotional service. (IS minutes) (2) Influence on the Arts. (Pp. 170, Hymn. "I love to tell the story." Reading. Isaiah 55:1 to en'd. 175) (5 minutes) Prayers for missionaries now doing "The mediaeval civilization was Bibli- translating work. cal at its base."

Prayers for Chinese learning the new (3) Influence on Law. (Pp. 171, 172) phonetic alphabet. '– (5 minutes) 2. Devotional Service. (15 minutes) Prayers for children in mission Hymn-"Open my eyes." schools. Story of Dr. Hamlin. Pages 168. '169. Hymn. "Let there be light." Read Isaiah 13 :19-22.

3. Work of Three Pioneer Translators. Matt. 25 :31-46: Judgment on Nations.

(Pp. 102, 101, 104.) Prayers for Near East for con- Uffilas. Jerome. Wyclif. (5 minutes) verts from Mohammedanism. for 4. Monologue of Iwdson's servant. churches in, the United States.

Dramatize page 112., (5 minutes) Hymn-"Saviour, Thy dying love." 5. Picture Gal/cry of Famous Trans- lators. (Pages 113 to 118) 3. Roll Call. Testimony as to Bible's , (10 minutes) influence.

6. Story of Book fished out of the water. 10 quotations from pages 173. 174.

(Page 118.) (5 minutes) , (5 minutes) 7. In Korea. (Pp. 121 to 125.) . Representatives of 7 countries. 176- 194. (5 minutes) (10 minutes) One statement each for India, Africa, 8. Difficulties and Successes. (Pp. 106, New Zealand, Islands, Korea, Japan, China. 107, 108, 111) (10 minutes) 4. Progress of National Ideals.

PROGRAM FOUR The Travels of the Book (15 minutes) A clear, forceful summary' of pages Put quotation from Joseph H .. Choate 176,195 withOut repeating statements on the blackboard, or let leader read given., above. This should be a strong it impressively at the opening of the meeting. . argument, proving the, uplifting influence Devotional Exercise of the Bible on human life., 3. '

Roll Call. Quotations from this chap- PROGRAM SIX ter especially page 162, 163.

Hymn. "We've a Story to tell to the The Leaves or the Tree Nations." , Introduction. (10 minutes) Prayers for colporteurs and Bible Literary· Influence of the Bible. Quote societies offered briefly by many. Goethe, McAfee. Topics ' Perennial interest of the Bible. (Pp.

1. High Cost of Bibles. (Pages 141 199, 200, 204) to 145.) (10 minutes) Public Libraries Mary Jones and her work. Literature 2. Snappy Stories of Colporteurs. (Pp. Readers-in Orient and Occident.

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

TOPics It caUs us to missionary work. 1. Literary Tools. (10 minutes) Proof of the Bible's missionary character is found in the poetical Mission Press. books.

Tract Societies. Speak of the gift of imagimdion. The value of poetry. Dr. Richard's Achievement. (Pp. lOS, 206, 208.) "David and the poets, out of the struggling earthly kingdoms, under 2. Literary Activities in China. . the tutelage of God's Spirit, were able from afar off to rejoice in (5 minutes) Messiah's reign and in the uni- versal worship of Jehovah." Periodicals. 1. Ruth and Job.

Newspapers. "While the lawgivers were becom- ing constantly narrower and more "Happy Childhood." bitterly nationalistic in their outlook, the men of imagination were writing (Pp. 209, 210, 220, 221.) the exquisite .$tory of Ruth, the Moabitess, a woman outside the 3. Dr. Pieter's Experiment. covenant, who chose God to be her GDd and His people her people, and Newspaper Evangelism in Japan. became an ancestress of· Israel's (Pp. 213, 214, 223) (5 minutes) Messiah King. Another great think- 4. The Singing Leaves. (Pp. 215 to 218) er was goipg to the Land of Uz to find an example of a true servant (10 minutes) of Jehovah in the person of Job." Solo: "In the Secret of His Pres- (Give a few quotations from the books.) ence." 2. The Universal Hymn book.- Statement as to author of words. Psalms. Read Psalm 98. Note missionary 5. A Modern Miracle. (10 minutes) thought. "No limitation short of hu- manity as a whole." Horton. China's Phonetic Alphabet. "Whoever were the human au- thors of .the Psalms, the real author (Pp. 224 to 228) was the Spirit of God. No human Dev&tional Service. poet or series of poets could have (10 minutes) produced a collection capable of ac- complishing such results as this has Thanksgiving for the Bible and its accomplished." influence. 3. Psalms.

Petition for its study and application. Quote following verses noting mis- Hymn. "0 .Word of GOD Incarnate." sionary application. 2 :8 ; . 22 :27,28 ; Benediction. . 67:1,2; 72:8 to 1l. 4. Psalms linked with Jesus, the THE BIBLE AND MISSIONS Messiah. A series of ten lessons based on Let one read the passages froln the Psalms and another the New Mrs. Montgomery's text book to be Testament passage printed opposite.

used by Westminster Guilds, Sun- Psalm 22: 1 Matthew 27 :46 Luke 23 :46 day School classes and other groups Psalm 31: 5 Matthew 21 :42 Psalm 118 :22, 23 Mark 14:29 has just been published and can Psalm 41: 9 be ordered from denominational boards or from the Board of Edu- catron, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The author believes that these studies will be of service to pro- gram-makers this fall, and therefore we print here the list of topics, as well as one of the lessons.

Study 1. Proofs of Missionary Char- acter in Law and History.

Study 2. Proofs of Missionary Char- acter in. the Poetical Books.

Study 3. The Missionary Message of the Prophets.

Study 4. Fundamental Revelations of Jesus.

Study 5. Life and Commands of Jesus the Missionary.

Study 6. Missionary Strategy of the Act. and Epistles.

Study 7. The Bible Translated. Study 8. The Bible Transported. Study 9. The Bible Transmitted. Study 10. The Bible Tr.ansfigured.

Stody Two S. Psalms linked with Peter and Patti. The Bible is GOD'S Mission Study Text-book.

In the same responsive way as Orient. This Christmas is going to bt: above read the following- an unusually empty one~ for the exile leper people, some of whom are -little Psalm 16: 8 to 10 Acts 2 :25 to Z1 children with little children's wistful hearts. Those orave miSSionary Psalm 69: 9 Romans 15: 3 workers are going to wonder if the Psalm 68:18 Acts 2:33 home folks really care. They are ,go- ing to feel more than ever before, any Psalm 2: 7 Acts 13:33 lack of Christmas gifts and the con- Psalm 45: 6, 7 Hebrews 1: 8, 9 stant lack of supplies and means suf- Psalm 22:22 Hebrews 2:12 ficient for the growing demands' upon 6. Topics for Discussion the stations. After brief sentence prayers Why not overwhelm this band of couched in the language of the workers with a Christmas shower of Psalms, let the following questions blessings for their lepers, that will be discussed- thrill them with new joy and new strength for their tasks. The most (1 ) Was Ruth an exception to the needed articles at practically all the law of Deut. 23:3? How does this fact bring a strong missionary sug- Leper Stations are: Soap, blankets gestion to the book of Ruth? and sandals. (Bandages, medical sup- plies, food and clothing of course are . (2) Are many Psalms equally appropriate in a Jewish synagogue and always in demand.) The articles in a Christian church? themselves should not be· sent if it is possible to send the money instead. (3) Do Messianic passages in the American dollars will buy more and Psalms help to prove the unity of the with more understanding,· right on the Bible? ground, than here; transportation charges are a loss to the cause. Spe- (4 )What three poetical books pre- cial arrangements are being made to sent elemental and universal human secure quantities of soap. The price problems? of a box of soap is not a large item and even a child may send a cake of (5) Which Psalm helps you most soap if not a box. Sandals cost about in offering a missionary prayer? thirty to fifty cents a pair, and are needed to keep the poor mutilated CHRISTMAS FOR LEPERS feet from contact with the bare ground. Blankets bought in the na- "Dirt, disease and the devil," writes tive markets cost from two to four Dr. W. McKean, Superintendent of dollars. A bianket will warm the the Leper Hospital at Chiengmai, body as well as the heart of one leper Siam, "Are the three great enemies all winter. of mankind." And out of the fulness of his heart for his patients he adds: The society, American Mission to "No gift offered a leper is more highly Lepers (156 Fifth Avenue, New appreciated than a cake of soap." One York,) makes an appeal for these may smile at the idea of a cake of Christmas gifts so that every worker soap being prized as a Christmas gift, but as we recall it, part of the original among the lepers and every leper uncommand of the founder of the der Christian care of the Mission shall Christian Church was: to cleanse the know they were remembered in love Lepers. by friends in America at Christmas Many lonely but courageous men time. and women are working as missionaries in leper stations of the Mission to Lepers, almost one hundred centers in all, most~ of them in the

NEWS· FROM MANY LANDS·

:Jj, MOSLEM LANDS closely huddled together. Two were Reconstruction Delayed in Tnrkey Turks and one an Armenian. They AMERICAN missionaries have treated each other as brothers. I been able to resume their activi- noticed that one of them had on two ties in some of the stations in Asia jackets, while the One next to him Minor, but the religious and educa- had only a shirt,-though of course tional work have been almost entirely all their clothes were rags. I said to neglected because of the pressing need him: 'Why don't you give one of for physical relief. At the same time, your jackets to your friend, who· is as Rev. Charles T. Riggs writes, they cold ?' But the other chap spoke up are feeling increasingly the need for and said: 'No, lady, he musn't take it purely evangelistic work. The evan- off; I gave him my jacket last night gelical church life needs to be re- because he was shivering and had a established and strengthened, schools fever.' "

for the children must be reopened Here was a lesson in the gift of and Christian literature must be dis- charity.

tributed. While the missionaries are united in their desire for America to Armenia's Call for Help T accept the mandate for Armenia, as HE reports of the Near East Relief Committee furnish abunda means of solving many of the present difficulties, we must look to a ant evidence that America is not in- Higher Power for the solution of the different to the fate of Armenia. problems. Last year the people of America con- tributed over $15,000,000 for Ar- menian Relief. In addition to money Saving the Children A BENEVOLENT Jewish lady, there have been large contributions Mme. Nahar, is trying to rescue of clothing and of other necessary from the streets of Constantinople things. Better than either has been some of the little waifs that grow up the personal service given by. a large into beggary, with nobody to teach number of American men and women.

them a better way. She has picked During the month of March, 1920, them up out of gutters and 20,779 children were h04sed, clothed, back alleys, and sa~ed them from fed, giyen medical treatment and the professional mendicancy to taullht in 81 orphanages under the ad- which they were being trained ministration of the Near East Relief, by unscrupulous human sharks; and 43 hospitals and 58 clinics and and has placed quite a large num- ambulatories cared for a daily average ber in orphanages of the various of 6,589 cases and 3,037 clinical cases.

races to which they were found to be- The 60 soup kitchens scattered long: For the Jewish children, of throughout Armenia fed 55,039 little whom she has picked up more than children; and '561,970 homeless· ref- Rixty, she has herself established a ugees were saved from starvation. If home. In this matter she heartily America will not take a mandate for acknowledges the help of the Prefect Armenia politically, Americans can at of the city, Dr. Djemil Pasha, and least buttress that bruised and battered also of the Armenian Patriarch, of nation, and give the Armenians a Mlle. Zoeros Pasha, and of others. She chance for existence. Christians must says in The Boshphore: stir up the nation to do its full duty "One winter day I saw on the toward its sister ·republic in Asia Karakeuy Bridge three little children, Minor in this hour of peril.

923

~JlIU'7 .CoaIereDeeIo Doinat vising them to be prepared to move their personnel at short notice;, and THE United Missionary Confer- that every station should keep ·tJ1otor … ence of Syria and Palestine held transportation in readiness for this its- second meeting May 5 to 7 in purpose. Beirut, with Bishop MacInnes of Jerusalem presiding. The Conference Moslem (Jondemnation of Bolshevism has advisory pOwer only, but the harmonious interchange 1)f -views pro- THE Central Committee of Mos- motes efficiency and prevents over- lem Theological Academies has lapping of effort. The twelve societies a statement to make in reference to represented passed resolutions con- the report that Russian Bolshevik – cerning unoccupied fields urging the leaders are training propagandists to Christian and. Misiionary Alliance to incite uprisings among· Asiatic Mos- move into the district east of the lems, which is significant in its bear- Jordan, and. the. Danish Mission to ing upon condittons in India and the Orient to take up work among Persia. The Peking Daily News Moslem men ,and boys in Damascus. summarizes the statement as follows: The Conference also approved the "Whatever its principles may be, proposal of the British Syrian Mis- whether good or bad, the practical sion to open a training school for application of Bolshevism is harmful Bible women in Damascus, and a to humanity, to the social life of the Union missionary training school was individual, and to the rights of prop- preposed for some convenient center. erty, and is therefore at variance with the principles of Islam, which re- Languap ScIrooJ I~ Scut,ari quire happiness, tranquillity, and gen- eral progress, and therefqre forbid the A LANGUAGE School in connec- taking of the life and property of tion with the American Mission others and_ most emphatically insure in. Turkey has been opened as a school the .rights of individuals and com- .of missionary preparation. In addi- munities. Finally, it is in the interests tion to the courses in Turkish, Ar- of the Moslem religion and the sacred menian and Greek, 1t will furnish in- duty of the Califate which embodies struction in the history of the people its strength and influence, to oppose of the Near East, their religion, de- Bolshevism as a danger to civilization, velopment, customs and contributions justice and right." .to civilization,-topics most helpful to the new missionary. The school Mission to Kurds is located for the present in Scutari, and it is planned that the new mis- THE Inter-Synodical Evangelical sionaries under instruction shall live Lutheran Orient-Mission So- in the building as one family, absorb- ciety was organized in 1910 by L. O. ing the atmosphere of the Orient Fossum, a youn~ American pastor, to while acquiring a knowledge of the evangelize the Kurds; and in the fall languages. Rev. Fred F. Goodsell is of 1911 Mr. Fossum, accompanied by to have the directorship of the school. a physician, opened a station at Souj- bulak, western Persia. Since the Bolsbevi!llll In Asia Minor Kurds possessed absolutely no litera- ture, the initial efforts were bent to- MISS Cushman, the heroic nurse ward translating and writing neces- in charge of the orphanage at sary books. As a result. there are Konia. in Iconium, writes of the imminent danger of Bolshevism on top now the four Gospels in Kurdish; in of all the existing woes of Asia Minor. While she can endure livin~ with the addition, a catechism, hymnal and a Turks she cannot face Bolshevism. Kurdish Grammar. all highly appre- Near East Relief officials have sent ciated by the Kurds. a letter to all Directors .of work ad- For four years the miSSIOnaries built up the confidence of the Kurds,

NEWS FROM MANY. LANPS

until in, 19l6, the Russians took pos- Liquor' Traffic Discredited session of Soujbulak and ordered the missionaries home. The U. S. gov- ON JULY g there was a mass ernment has recently resumed the me~ting in the Bombay Towll granting of passports to the Orient, Hall which brought encouragem~nt' and it is the intention to send out mis- to the champions of prohibition in . sionaries in the fall of 1920 to make India. This was a protest against the a report upon this field. proposal to assign all income tax revenue to the Government of India, Industrial Work in Tabriz leaving to the Government of Bombay excise and land revenue only. A I N CONNECTION with relief memorial sent by this meeting to the " work, organized by the Presby- Secretary of State for India had in terian Mission in Tabriz. a cloth fac- it the following paragrapJ.: tory was opened to provide work for the women. This has now branched "Your memorialists invite your attenout into a garment and carpet factory tion to the important fact that there is with a shop adjoining from which the general agreement amongst all sections sales furnish a large proportion of of Indian opinion in favou.r of drastic the factory expenses. During the year measures to reduce consumption, which, about 42,000 workers have found em- supported as it is by the religious inployment, and as these include many junctions of the two great Indian com- , heads of families it is conservatively munities has received considerable stim- . estimated that 100.000 persons benefit ulusln the field of practical politics from the enterprise. Twenty-six car- from the adoption of the policy of total pet looms are in operation. Religious prohibition by the United States and services are held by the factory and the strong support given. to it in busi- . sales departments. ness circles on account of its proved efficiency in augmenting the productive INDIA power of the community. Your memo- rialists cannot accept, without protest, Christian Banks for Farmers an arrangement which makes the means of maintaining the administration of REV. W. E. Wilkie Brown, a the Presidency so greatly dependent on Scotch Presbyterian missionary the continuance and development of a at Jalna, Hyderabad, was the far- discredited policy." sighted founder of cooperative credit societies for Indian agriculturists. a European, Parsi, Hindu and Moscheme which the Y. M. C. A. has hammedan business magnates of been developing with much success Bombay were the leaders in this proin South India. The farmers about test. Talna were being fleeced by money lenders, so that it was impossible to Dnyanodaya. build up flourishing churches until economic help had been extended. Mr. Christian 'lbimkfnlness BrowR'S first step was to organize a Christian village on a government TWO hundred boys from the I;rant of a thousand acres of land. A bank was started with a capital of Naga Hill tribes of Assam wntt £32 from Mr. Brown's own pocket. to the trenches in France. Forty of By 1917 twenty-five Christian village them were Christians. The other 160 banks were being operated and now confessed Christ and were baptized seventy-five more banks. are in. opera- wl:i1e in the army. On their return, tion among the non-Christian com- everyone gave a month's wages to munities. Some of the results have mission work as a thank-offering for been to unite the Christians, build their preservation. solid character and make them realize tll.eir reSponsibility to the Church.. Presbyterian Witness.

Sadhu Jacob In Northeru India REV. G. S. Jacob, known in North India as Sadhu Jacob, has taken up work for the National Missionary Society in the Nukka. and Mimt~QlDery fields. Sadhl1 Jacob has had a university education and

up to twelve years ago held a respons- Telugu's Version of Lord's Prayer ible government position. Since then he bas, like Sadhu Sundar Singh, A TELUGU convert tried for two supported himself by any work that months in vain to learn the came his way and has devoted his Lord's Prayer, but one night his time to teaching and preaching the Gospel. He is a man of deep learn- teacher heard him make the following ing and is respected by all who know petition: of his humble' service. For the next "Oh Father, who art in Heaven, You few months he will visit the churches are our Father, we are Your children. of northern India in the interests of Keep us all well. Heal my rheumatism the National Missionary Society. . and my child's boil. Keep us from wild animals, the bear and the tiger. Christian Patriot. Forgive us our sins, our quarrels, angry words, all that we have done since morning. Make us good. Bring every- one to kneel down and call you Father."

Women's Missionary Meeting A Brabman Commends tbe Bible THE Women's General Mission- A MISSIONARY in India re- , ary meeting of the United Pres- ceived a petition from a district byterian Church in the Punjab met in Sialkot, March 23-25. Sixty dele- where there were no Christians and gates from the twenty-seven societies of the Punjab field attended, in addi- signed by leading men, not one of tion to the American missionaries. Bible readings, addresses, reports and whom was a Christian, asking that he business sessions occupied the time. The talks were spiritual but practical take charge of a school established the as well. Two of the Indian delegates who led a devotional service chose the year before in this district, and to insame topic-the parable of "The Vine and the Branches." troduce the Bible as a text book in Prayer of India's Women every class every day. He was so THIS is what an Indian author, much surprised at the request that he an Indian college graduate and an Indian child widow have to say as summoned a meeting of the petitionto the importance of Christian emancipation for the women of India. ers to tell them that if he assumed The only way India can become charge of the school it would be his great is through the emancipation of its womanhood. endeavor to present Christianity to (Saint Nihal Singh) every pupil, and then asked if it was If vou want Indian women to be still their wish to have him direct the what °you (women of the West) are, and what Christ intends us to be, give school. The head master, a Brahman, us the education that you have had: and in time with God's help <;Ind spoke first, and Said that while not a grace, we will not disappoint you. Christian he was anxious to have his (Lilavati Singh) pupils put under the teaching of the o God of mercy, our prayer to Bible. Then a judge. high caste and Thee is this that the curse may be removed fr~ the women of India. well educated, testified to the effect on Think upon Thy mercy-which is a vast sea-and remember us. daily living he had noticed in those (Prayer of an Indian Child-Widn'W) who studied the Bible daily. "If you Dnyanodaya. wish your sons to become noble, up- rig-ht men," said he, "have them taught the Bible, for nothing in the Vedas can compare with it." > Medical Work at Gateway to Tibet A PROPOSAL has been made by Sadhu Sundar Singh, who has worked and suffered in Tibet, that the National Missionary Society of EnRland should open a medical station at some place in the Himalayas on the' direct road to Tibet. This will not only open the way for carrying the Gospel intQ that closed .land, but wil.1 minister to several villages In that re~'

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

gion where Christian medical work is three years ago for the purpose of unknown. Should such a work be combating social vice. The ideals and undertaken, the Sadhu himself would objectives of the Society are so es- spend a few months there each year. sentiallyChristian that they deserve Salvation Army in Ceylon the interest and support of the Chris- tian Church. THE Salvation Army has ac- quired a large tract of land in /The third annual report states that Ceylon, and plans to produce food eleven leading Japanese in Singapore expressed hearty endorsement of on a large scale for the benefit ot the resolutions passed by the Society to abol'ish all brothels within the area of native population. General Bram- Government jurisdiction.- The acting well Booth has appealed for mission- Counsul-General for Japan at Singary farmers and has received offers apore. has undertaken to close all Japfrom over two hundred workers. anese brothels in the city during the The plan is an outgrowth of General current year. Booth's recent trip to the antipodes, where he was impressed by the vast In outlining the hopes of the Soquantities of fertile land available, ciety for the future the following proand the cheapness with which labor gram was suggested: can be obtained. "The promotion of marriage among MALAYSIA both Europeans and Asiatics (that is, The Melting Pot of Asia where moral necessity demands it), THE mingling of many races in and the encouragement of married America has given the conti- immigrants to the Colonies to bring their wives and families with them; nent the title "The Melting Pot of the promotion of physical exercise, Europe." Almost identical condi-' tions in Malaysia are making it a the provision of open spaces for the same; and the provision of suitable melting pot for Asiatic races. The and adequate means of transport." opportunity for independence an.d Malaysia Message. self-support exist there for the ASI- CIDNA atic, as it does in America for the Luropean. They are draw~ by the Conference Plans tor 1921 richness of the land and the Impwlied A NATIONAL Christian Conferliving conditions. ence has been called to meet in Java is the only island of the 11a- Shanghai in April or May, 1921, to study the progress of the Christian laysia group having a dense popula- Movement in China, and to plan for tion. Sumatra. Borneo, Celebes and advance among all the Christian forces in the country. and New Guinea could contain 600,- Under the leadership of the China 0gr0e0~t0e0r0 inhabitants and not have a density than now exists in Continuation COPlmittee a th6rot:gh survey of missionary work in Chtna Java. The overcrowded conditions in has been in progress during the _past India and China, and their desperate three years. This has been brougJ:Jt to completion. and a very thorouf]hpoverty are sufficient reason why going report is being published WhlCh will form the basis for the Confermillions of them may be expected to enter Malaysia during the next few decades. To the missionary, this fore- casts great seH-suPDortinl; and self- ence. It is probably true that this is the first time in the history of the propagating churches, and prese~t~ a problem for study! that the nsmg Christian Church that a national Christian Conference is held with a civilization shall bear the stamp of complete and accurate statement of Christian ideals.

Fighting Social Evilll)n Singapore the Christian occupation of the field in – THE . Singapore Social .Service the' hands -of those who aremeinben . Society was organized about of the Conference.

It is expected that the delegates to been self-supporting; except for the this Conference will number about salaries of the foreign staff.

one thousand, of whom the co-opted One hundred and fifty-two hos- members shall not exceed twenty per pitals scattered throughout China cent. The Chinese churches will represent the contribution of Chris- elect about four hundred delegates, tian missions to medical science in distributed in the ratio of one delegate China from 1860 to 1920.

to each thousand communicants. Th{ forejgn missions will elect about an Fish Dealer Becomes Pastor T equal number, distributed in the ratk HE following instance proves how far reaching may be the exof one delegate to every twenty forefgn missionaries. ample of Christian conduct. Four- ~ Sew1ng Machine Classes teen years ago a Chinese fish-seller in Hong Kong sold some fish to a woman THE Singer Sewing Machine missionary. On counting her change Company maintains schools in she found he had given her too much.

Chinese cities, where women may go and she handed him back several coins everv day for two months to learn the of very small value. The fish-seller. sewing trade. A Canadian Methodist who had never had money returned to missionary tells of one such school him before, was much impressed wit!- where evangelistic services are held the honesty of the foreigner, and once a week, the directress being a made inquiries about the religion Christian. Nearlv forty women of which she taught. He came under the middle class attend this sewing Christian instruction, accepted Christ school. as his Saviour, and was baptized. Jr All Opportunity at Hand the course of time he was ordained. Now he has thirteen churches in his THE Han Yeh Colliery Company charge. He travels round his gl'{~at at Nganyuen in South China district and holds a communion serv devotes a proportion of its profits to ice each Sunday in one of the the education of miners' children. churches, so that the Christians have Suitable buildings have been provideo the opportunity of attending a com- for boys' and girls' schools, and an munion service once in three months.

offer is now made to have all this Some of the chu.rches were formerly w~rk placed under the supervision 0" ancestral halls, where the spirits of the Church Missionary Society. the ancestors were worshipped; but the mining company to be responsible for halls have now been turned into place~ aU expenses not covered by tuition for Christian worship.

fees.-in short, the Chinese will sup- ply the funds if the C. M. S. will sup- New Ideals In Canton nhr the workers. THE Cantonese have a saying N_ Soocbow Hospital that "Everything new beg-ins in Canton." In support of that claim is THE cornerstone of the new and the fact that Canton has a daily oaper, .. modern Soochow Hospital was edited and controlled by Chinese laid Mav 29. with appropriate cere- VOltng women. There is also an Eng- 11l()IIy. The Board of Missions of the lish newspaper, edited by a Chinese Methodist Church. South, will supply $80,000 of the $200,000 required to Another innovation is the comcomplete the hospital; the China Med- pletely eQuitmed department store, ical Board will SUPply $50,CXXJ and one of which includes a nightly movthe remaining $70,000 will be raised in ing picture entertainment among- its China, most of this being already as- features, and two others, each ha,,-iol!' sllred. The hospital, which was estab- four or five hundred employees. in lisfted in 1882, has for twenty years which Christian services are held or Sunday mornitlgs. The missionaries

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

are invited to speak, and often have Many mission schools report a record an audience' of 350, although attend- attendance and hundreds vainly seek- ance is not compulsory. ing admission.

The Doshisha, the Congregatienal For Weary (Jbi»ese Pastors university, at Kyoto and the largest AN INSTITUTION which is Christian school in Japan, had 1,542 probably the first of its kind on applications for admission, but though the mission field was formally opened almost all were properly qualified, on West Lake, Hangchow, June 16. only 565 new students could be ad- This is a home where Chinese paston mitted. The total enrolment of this in need of rest may come and bring institution is 2,684.

their wives, staying as long as two The largest Methodist school is weeks whenever desired, and free of Kwansei Gakuin, at Kobe, with an encharge. The house has two living rolment of 1,675.

rooms, three large and two smaller Aoyama Gakuin is third, with a tobed rooms, bath rooms and kitchen, all tal of 1,173.

completely furnished and equippec' Saint Paul's, the Episcopal college, with electricity and boiler for hot has 1,104 in all departments.

water. A cook is employed to pre- Meiji Gakuin, the largest Presbypare the food, either Chinese or terian institution, has an enrolment foreign. This refuge for tired cit,· of 826. There are many other school~ pastors is the gift of Dr. and Mrs. D that are all crowded.

Duncan Main, who have been. for forty years in charge of the hospital of Newspaper Evangelism the Church Missionary Society in NEWSPAPER evangelistic work Hangchow. in Oita for 1919 shows 1213 new applicants for Christian literature.

Christian Tribesmen in Yunnan The Loan Library reported One thou- UNLIKE man y Occidentals, sand volumes taken out during the Christian aborigines register no year, This is the more encouraginr complaint against lengthy church because the members pay a fee for c services. In fact, the longer the serv- privilege of reading Chnstian books ices continue, the better pleased they and in addition pay the return postag( are. A Sunday morning service if on them. More than 2000 copies or Sapushan, Yunnan Province, has been the Bible and other Christian book: known to comprise eleven hymns were sold. Twenty-one inquirers eight prayers. three sermons and the were baptized .in 1919. This news- Sacrament of the Lord's Supper! paper campaign has been carried on Self-support is strong-Iyemphasized in Oita for over seven years, so that among these tribes. They build their it is no longer a novelty to the reader: own chapels and provide the resident of the papers.

evangelist with' a two room mud house, food and fuel. At Ta-ku, trees Changing SeRtlment Among Japanese once sacred to the worship of demons THE Japan Advertiser for April were .:ut down to f.urnish timber for 2, 1920, .gives the .substance aLa the Christian Chapel. lecture given in Tokyo by Prof. Y0- China',t Millions. shino of Tokyo Imperial University, in which he admits the mistake in the ,JAPAN Japanese government's policy, both E'Ohrlstlan Schools Crowde.J China and Korea.

T. IGLEHART, a Methodist In the same issue of the Advertiser missionary in Japan, says 'that the editor says there is evidence that never in the history- of that Empire Japanese admiration for militarism is have there been so many young peo· weakening-. This is noticeable first pIe receiving Christian instruction. of all Ilmong students, who are study

ing labor problems at first. hand, and verts now gather for worship in this forming their own opinions. Ninety village each week. per cent of the students if asked whether Japan should withdraw from The collection in the lepers' church Shantung, would, according to Prof. must always be taken up in a clothes Yoshino, answer "Yes." basket, as it consists of bags, each with the owners' name upon it· and Japanese Aborigines filled with rice that has been. saved from their regular allowance. HE Ainus of Hokushu are the T remnant of a primitive people Sunday School Plans in Korea who at one time occupied the whole of Japan, but were gradually driven out THE Korean Sunday School Asby the advancing Mongolians. They sociation has requested each of are ethnologically related to the Russian peasants, whom they resemble, the four principal missions at work and some are of the real Tolstoi type. in Korea to allow one of their best equipped missionaries to give special Dr. John Batchelor of the Church attention to preparation for "Sunday Missionary Society has been a mis- School Year," 1921-1922. When it i~ sionary among them for forty-two remembered that the whole church years, and has baptized in that time membership in Korea is ·in the Sunsome 2,000 Ainus. They have· the day-school the possibilities of this New Testament, prayer book, hymn Sunday-school year will be underbook, grammar and dictionary in their stood. A committee has been apown language, for which they are in- pointed to. prepare teacher training debted to Dr. Batchelor. and inspirational literature, of which copies will be circulated by the thou- Dynamics in Korea sand. Every part of Korea will be visited during the year of preparation, HE General Assembly of the and five post-conventions following .T Presbyterian Church of Korea at the Tokyo Convention have been anits last meeting organized a "Forward nounced, at Taiku, Seoul, Pyeng- Movement" with a three years' pro- Yang, Kwangju and Wonsan. gram and definite line of advance determined and 'percentages agreed ISLANDS OF .TIlE SEA upon. "White Cross Band" In the Philippines This program includes in the first LAST year there was organized year nine definite lines of advance. at Silliman Institute, P. I., a Among these are family prayers, in- Students' Society called "The White crease in church attendance, larger Cross Band." "Christ First" is the subscription lists for the church news- motto of this Band, and it is proving a paper, increased attendance at Bible factor in leading boys into definite institutes and gifts for foreiqn mis- Christian service. There were eightsions and pastors' salaries. The sec- een charter members, of whom ten did ond year program includes revival not return to the Institute the presmeetings and special Bible Confer- ent year. One has entered Massachuences, while in the third year the re- setts Institute of Technology, others sults are to be gathered and crystal- are studying at different schools, but ized in young peoples' organizations with all of them the "White Cross and Sunday-school work. Band" keeps in touch by correspond- ence. Lepers Support a Missionary A Literary Polynesian THE members of the leprosarium SOME of the native teachers in the. church at Taiku, Korea, have for New Hebrides develop literary· a year' supported an evangelist in a ability, as well as upright character: neighboring .non-Christian village, Soppi, an old man from Vila who with the result that some twenty con-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

spent some years on Malekula as a The Sudan Interior Mission is at native teacher has composed some work among them, and much effort very beautiful hymns. He was asked has been spent upon a translation of by a missionary at Vila to pray in the Scriptures in their dialect. While English and in his prayer he said: the work of publishing the four Gos- "Our Heavenly Father, put us upon pels is in progress the number of top of the Rock of Ages. We cannot climb up ourselves, and we cannot hold Tangales .asking for instruction con- stantly increases. fast; but You can put us and You can hold us fast to Jesus Christ. . . • Let us stand all the time beside You, Mustard As a M:!ssionary Helper because then Satan will see You and ONE of Chief Senga Koleanda's will run away from us." thirty wives owes her life to The Christian.

some mustard ointment and a mis- AFRICA sionary's common sense. ·Rev. Roger A Great Missionary Family Guptill of Kambove was gathering up .

MR. Crawford Tilsley of Eng- pupils for school in Chief Senga's land, who recently went out as hamlet when he came upon the chief, a missionary to India, is the fourth groaning and with his head twisted to generation of missionaries in Goda- one side. About him was a noisy vari, the first of this loyal line being crowd, elders of the village. The William Bowden, who led the way in missionary recognized the situation as 1836. Mr. Tilsley expects to succeed a case of stiff neck, and offered to his grandfather, Mr. E. S. Bowden apply some mustard ointment. The in the work at Chitepetta, and his' average African places no value upon brother, Dr. Edwin Tilsley hopes to medicine unless it be very bitter or enter into missionary work at Luanza. very hot, and soon Chief Senga be~an Central Africa. An' uncle, died in and to smile over the efficacy of the lIni- for China, and an aunt, Mrs. Green, ment. In three days the case was returned from Strait's Settlements to cured. A week later, a native teacher be with her hushand in the director- informed the missionary that the ship of the work of the late George crowd of counselors gathered about Muller of Bristol. Another aunt, the chief when the missionary ar- Mrs. Dan Crawford, is working with rived had pronounced one of the her husband in Central Africa. thirty wives guilty of bewitching her lord's neck, and Senga had decreed The Gospel in Tangale that she ,be shot that night. The ar- THE Tangale tribe of northern rival of Mr. Guptill with his curative Nigeria are a people outside of ointment saved the woman's life.

historical record, although they number about fifty thousaud. They oc- Why the Christian Endeavor Society cupy a district approximately a thou- Disbanded A ~and miles inland north-east from the CHRISTIAN Endeavor Society in South Africa had to go out port of Lagos. The march of human progress left them far behind, and of existence because everyone of its their bows and arrows have been more members became a foreign mission- in use than hoe or plow; cannibal ary. This was reported by one speak- feasts have taken the place of harvest er at the nineteenth annual convention festivals. of the C. E. Union of South Africa, Their religion is animistic; their held in Wellington, Cape Colony. In world is filled with innumerable addition to this Union. of English- deified beings, and their God is in the speaking Endeavorers there is a feminine gender. Their dead are ac- Union _of Dutch-speaking young .peo- credited with power to help or hin- pIe, strong and energetic, in the Boer der their welfare. churches.

Training Center at Capetown to boil the rice, and after the meal THE Chtirch of England in South was over paid two dollars for their Africa has arranged to establish god and went home content.

in Capetown a center where women Not long afterward a Christian can have opportunity for study, and for practical and spiritual preparation worker caIled at their home and was as missionaries. A suitable house has been found available from April, led to read to the wife the forty- 1921. Miss Miles, who has had practical training in England and is fa- fourth chapter of Isaiah describiag miliar with South Africa, will be the head of this Training Home. . the making of an idol: "He heweth down cedars. . with part he roasteth roast, with part he warmeth himself, and the residue thereof he maketh a god." The woman was so School 01 African Life aDd Lauguages astounded at the exact description .f SOUTH Africa is to hav.e a school what she had witnessed that she felt of African Life and Languages. this must indeed be a true book, and Provision will be made for training in time became a believer in the true those students who contemplate taking God.

up the white man's task in relation to EUROPE nati.Y£ problems, too often dealt with by amateurs, or those who do not un- M_iallor WftldeR8l_ PatriMs derstand the native temperament. A chair of philology and one of social NEAR the College and Normal anthropology are prooosed, the whole School in Torre Pellice, the scheme to include lectures on law and Waldensian center at Piedmont, Italy, government, native lore and history. a hostel is nearing completion for or- phaned sons of men who fought and The advantage which Cape Town died in the war. Preference will be offers for such a school as .compared given Waldensian young men who inwith other centers is in its museum tend to enter the pastorate, and eighty for Native Anthropology, the Public or. ninety students can find comfort- Library of Philology and the fact able accommodation. A resident pasthat a large number of administrators tor will act as warden of the hostel, and missionaries reside there, creating an atmosphere suitable for the dis- Education is prized in these Walcussion of these ·subjects. The only densian valleys, and the students, well surviving person speaking the bush- trained and industrIOus as they are, man's language resides in Capetown. are eagerly sought for .important posts. Christian Express. Methodist Conege in Rome The Idol Maker Discredited THE Methodist Church of Italy has bought forty-eight acres of I N MADAGASCAR no home is land at Rome on which they are build- complete without a household ing a college for Italian students. This institution is the olltgrowth of god. Some years ago a young marrieli a smaller one which has been housed couple were setting up their home and in very cramped quarters in the cenasked a maker of idols to supply ter of Rome. their god. When they called to receive it, it was not yet made, and the No religion will be forced upon the idol maker asked them to wait. Go- students, but for those who are willing to the forest he seiected a piece of ing to listen there will be ample opw{)()d and set to work, while the portunity for learrung the truths of young couple chatted and made suggestions. In the evening he asked his an the Gospel. Dr. B. M. Tipple is customers to remain and take supper with him. They watched him light a President of the College, and the fire with the chips left from the .idol teachers., except the professor of English and physical director will be

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Protestant Italians. One thous'and Revivals have takenplaa:in 'Rus- students can be admitted. sia at many centers to which these prisoners of war have returned, and Reform Movement in Sicily thousands are reported to have been converted. T HE priests in Sicily have formed a society called the Federation NORTH ..MERIe." for the Redemption of the Clergy, and issue a paper caned "Rinnovamento;" LutJreran'CIrurr;h Growth which has adopted as its motto a saying from Gregory the Great:, "See THE United Lutheran Church in bow fall the world is of priests, but America has a present member- 110W rare are the laborers in the Lord's ship of over tliree and a half million, Vineyard." The editor charges that and an increase last year of 2Il,OOO. ministers in general are not prepared Foreign mission work is carried on by for their mission, and that they have 494 missionaf'ies, with 2U48 native lost touch with society. He cites the helpers, and the native church memgrowing discredit of the clergy, gen- bership on foreign fields is 123,927. eral ignorance of religious truths, the ~early seven hundred thousand dolsteady decline' in attendance at the lars was contributed toward mission seminaries, and the alien,ation of the work in 1919. masses from the Church, for all of which he lays the blame upon the Bibles for Blind Soldiers clergy. THE American Bible Society will Czecho-Slovak Preachers Wanted close its war work by present- ing to every American soldier blinded R s. EV. J. Porter of the Amer- during his service- ;r' copy of John's ican Board writes from Prague gospel in raised letters. The Society under date of June. 14: distributed, nearlv 7;()(x),()(X) Testa- ments, Bibles or portions of the Bible "There is a call for fifty new Prot- during the war, About 5,000,000 estant preachers. We do not know went to American soldiers and the where such a number of men would remainder to other fighting forces. live and where halls would be forthcoming for them to do their work in. A Christian Dally for Chicago Vtle need new buildings for the grow· ing work. The Prague church has A GROUP of Christian business still a debt, but the income of the flats men are planning to publish a -covers largely the interest, etc. Mr. Christian Daily Newspaper in Chicago. Zdychynec, the associate pastor of the An exchange s!lYs of this projec~' Prague church, is to be ordained and is probably the first fully educated "More than ever before in our hispreacher from Bohemia since the days tory such Christian voices are needed. of Huss." Politically, this Christian nation is dominated by un-Christian parties and For Russian War Prisoners directed to un-Christian ends. So- cially, there is warfare acute between THE transport of Russian prison- capital and labor, with the Christian ers from Germany to their own re1i1;ion left out of the calculations land began in May. At the end of and the actions. It is high time for August there were still about 160.000 the law of the Ruler to be expressed Russians in Germany. The Religious in the daily contemplation of events. Tract Society of Kassel, Germany, re- The political parties have their newsports twenty-two prison camp church- papers. So have the trusts and the es, with a Protestant Christian mem- labor interests. These special organs bership aggregating over 1000. Since are 'newspapers' using all~ their influ- Janlla~r r,ore than 500 war prisoners ence to, pr.omote_ the .palticular ..cause have :.. ,. baptized. '0 which they are openly or secretly {. 2dicated. Christianity is entitled to

one daily paper at least. And it can work in Kieft and the labors of Mr. Goroditch have been wonderfully serve its cause with open truth and blessed. The cost of the work is about $5,000 a year. without fear." .

The Presbyterian Witness.

An Armenia-America Society Successful Vacation Bible School THIS society has been founded A VACATION Bible School in "To unite in cooperation the Pasadena, Cal., during July many friends of Armenia for the pur- reached an enrolment of nearly 1000. pose of ascertaining the needs of Twenty-five unpaid teachers did the Armenia, of bringing those needs be- work and four denominations, Bapfore the American people and of se- tist, Presbyterian, Methodist andcuring the satisfaction of those needs Congregational cooperated. Enthusthrough American assistance." iasm of the pupils was so keen that probably double the. number of teach- While the Near East Relief is ers will be required next year. The meeting the physical needs in Ar- work was a mixture of sloyd, manual menia, this new Society will concern training, domestic arts, story telling itself with' the political needs of the and Bible study. The children, ascountry, aiding them to secure a fair sembled from many grades of society, adjustment of their boundary ques- and, taught during the morning hours tion, and to reestablish themselves in only, memorized as much Scripture as their homeland. most Sunday-school pupils can repeat after a year's study. The Society proposes to educate the public on the opportunity before The Continent. America and to urge the Department of State in Washington to act along Home MissioQS Council to Carry Forward the lines named. Interchurch Surveys Anyone desirous to join this effort may become a voting member by con- 'THROUGH agreement with the tributing five dollars or over. Rev. , officials of the Interchurch Ernest W. Riggs, 287 Fourth Ave., New York, is Secretary-Treasurer. World Movement the Home Missions Council is undertaking special pieces The Hebrew Christian Alliance MIssion of work in the unfinished tasks in the Survey Department of the Movement. AT THE RECENT meeting of Under the direction of Dr. E. DeS. the Hebrew Christian Alliance Brunner the Rural Survey Departbetween fifty and sixty young Hebrew ment is putting its valuable material into shape for use by the Home Mis- Christians were present, who were all sion Boards. Associate Secretary Roundy is appraising the values of preparing for missionary work. They the Negro Suney. Further work on the Migrant Groups, Lumber Camps are ready to take up a special course and Foreign Language Groups and Literature is being done. Work in of study from the service as the way city groups has been kept in hand and reference will early be made to the is open. J oint Committee on Community and Industrial Relations of the Home Mis- The Alliance has now definitely de- sions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions. These cided to undertake work for the Jews two Councils have just published the report of Mr. Jay S. Stowell on "Mexin Russia and has not only sent $500 ican and Spanish Americans in the to aid the Hebrew Christians at Kieft United States." but these American Hebrew Chris- (Continued on page 936) tians are now supporting an American Hebrew Christian worker there, Mr.

Fagans. one of the missionaries of the "Hebrew Christian Testimony,"

founded by Rev. David Baron of Lon- don. .

The "Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel" has recently taken up this I SUPPOSE- That just as you were about to settle dowu for an old age of comfort and wellcearned rest, one' of your friends should tell you of an opportunity to increase your savings' by an investment that couldn't go wrong. You took the tip, placed your money on thi~ venture which it didn't seem possible could fail-and lost it all!

It Has Happened to Others-Why Not to YOU?

SUPPOSE- That after your death your wife, perhaps inexperienced in the handling of money, should look around for a safe investment for your savings. Alonl!" came the convincing salesman with the abso- lutely safe proposition which would mean a steady income for her for the rest of her life. She trustfully invested her all-and lost every cent of it !

It Has Happened to Others-Why Not to You?

SUPPOSE- That after you had drawn up a will providing for your family and devoting part of your estate to further some great work of the church some dissatisfied heir or relative should contest it. The cafe went to the court, through long legal battles. Your estate was .tied up and finally almost consumed tlirough litigation. Your loved ones and your church were the victims!

It Has Happened to Other Wins-Why Not to Yours?

Why take such chanc~ when you can avoid any such possibility by investing in LIFE ANNUITY BONDS?

Our Life Annuity Bonds are your insurance for ttffgular income for the /!alance of your life.

By investing in them you not only secure an old age of comfort and peace for your- self-but for your loved ones as well.

A nd above all you have the genuine satisfaction of knowing that after you have gone the dollars you worked for will be devoted to the good of mankind through Ihe Church of Jesus Christ.

We want to tell you more about our plan. Won't you write for particulars to– GEORGE M. FOWLES, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist EPiscopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York; or, W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer 01 the Board of Holne Missions and Church Exten- sion of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia.

Please mention THf: MISSIONARY Rsvn:w or -tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers NEWS. FROM. MANT·I.MftJ8 THE (Continued from page 934) Correspondence Courses Conservation and practical use of results obtained wilt be made through OF the Conference for allocation of un- occupied Indian Fields to be held at Union Bible Seminary Wallace Lodge, Yonkers,-New York, September 28 and 29, and through WESTFIELD. INDIANA similar conferences in October at Al- Have·been ·stud;td by .",.,..·t;200 ministers. 'buquerque, New Mexico, the 6th; EI miaaionaries. SUDday School w….lrera and interesttd believer.' ill" 'tile – Pi-emillennial Paso, Texas., the 7th; Tucson, Ari- Second Coming of Christ. zona the 8th, 9th and 10th as covering the needs of the Spanish American SERIES I groups in the Southwest. Joint ar- TWENTY LESSONS IN DIBLE PROPHECY <J:.~gto~I …y Bible Hi8torrand Proph..,y from rangements for work among Orien- tals on the Pacific Coast will be con- SERIES II sidered in group meetings at Los An- geles October 13, and San Francisco TWENTY LESSONS IN REVELATION October 14 and 15. Consideration of methods for work among Mormons An eueedingly plain and r….nable interprelatioD of Ihio diffi· will' occupy representatives of the oull h o o k . ' . Boards at Salt Lake City October 17 Oar MetlJod . -&nd One Dollar for «ther efoourro2e(.}M…Id.u•. and 18. ……… aboot·"iU he oenl Ie> ~_kIy No furtbor <orresponden.. """""""Y. anI_ you desire to ask "Morning' Star Misslon" questions. for which no charge ia made. THE "Morning Star Mission," Jo- .BMlminCltioru are optionalud chat&e 25c. liet, m., was opened November DipIo_ granted for aatiolactory resuJt.o. 18, 1919. by a group of Christian business men. and Peter McCarthy, s….p/e••-Tbe firBl "'eel and proopeetu. of either COUl'110 gambler, prize fighter and alcoholic _t flee on reqnesl. wr~ck whom the grace of God had StlidoAte can.begin alany time and can .tudy·oingly or in cl…… transformed, was placed at the head Paotors find il helpful·to keep young peepI& interested in Bible of it. This year the Mission will cele- Bludy. Addreal brate'its eleventh anniversary. It is located on a street known as "Whis- UNION BIBLE' SEMINARY key Row," in a ward. which contains people of twenty-seven nationalities. WESTFIELD. INDIANA anq the statistics for the past year show how effective has been its serv· Save ice. Conversions in 1919 were 447; Gospels and Testaments gil'en out, $32.00 672; loaves of bread, 1680; railroad fare for 28 wayward boys and girls; We want you to KNOW that we can save you free clothing to 293 persons and free from $25 to $32 by buying our meals to 1122. Bulletin Board Those heJped to a useful life include We also want you to KNOW that our board university men and ie-norant fellows is made of the very bEost material, is DURA- who never had a chance, men em- ployed in the steel mills and those in. BU. HANDSOME, ATTRACTIVE. CON- prison. Even ministers' sons are among the number who have come V E N I E N T. . under the influence of the Mission.

Make Us Prove It A Postal will save you many dollars. Yegroes Call for Black Nation R. W. HOLLINGSWORTH MFG. CO. A THIRTY-DAY convention to take up the problems of the OVERTON, NEB. Negro race was held in New York City last August, under the direction (Continued on page (37) Please mention TH:£ MISSIOHARY bvtltw Olf TH. WORl,D in writinl' to advertisers NEWS FIlGM MANY LANDS (Continued from page 936) of Marcus Garvey, President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and leader in the movement to free Africa for the Negroes. This Association is said t6 have a membership of more than 1,000,000.

President Gan ey urged an organization of the 4OO,OOO,(X)() Negroes of the World to take over the continent of Africa and establish there a Negro democracy.

An African prince, several chiefs and descendants of chiefs, as well af representatives from Central America, the West Indies, Canada and every section of the United States, attended the Convention.

Negro Miniirers Study Problems rt1WO Negro rural ministers' in- .1' stitutes were held during the summer, one at Forsyth, Georgia, and M~~:l:x.r;:m:i.~~J't.:::~.:t:: .:.: the other at Trenton, S. C., under the general direction of Dr. James H. ALL dane. 0/ people? We can tell you Dillard, of Charlottesville,. Va., and In lour word.: assisted by both white and colored men who are actively engaged in 8eeau_ of It• •er•• tintyl pioneer educational work. The Multiplex Hammond doeo Some of the topics studied were tvel'7thing .any oth.." ~J>ewrUer will do.•nd· be..d.., It you ',wat, turn the "How to Prepare a Sermon," "The _ill.. .11 0k1n. otybp"ey.o_u…f..r"o.nmeohn_ee·laffniigri,l,'-o.ne_e_b_Ie Minister and his .correspondence," other. Note the above opecimeo "Church .Records and Finance," "The (1lbthtly reduced) all 'M Church and the Neighborhood, and ….,hristianity and Health."

BAliB macA",.•• Christianity and Health." No Other TypeWl'lter Can Do Thl.

THE new American Leprosari'um ""at No matter ..A. for the exclusive use of lepers ay.oreu. are. you of the United States has at last been 01" "Mr. you located in Louisiana by the purchase ……. the Multlpl8ll of 400 acres by the Fedel;"al Govern- . Hammond·" the ment for this purpose: Lepers living in no less than twenty different states, f..o..r-ttYiDOaU.. ." "M"&. . .l1. . in lonely ~rid tmcomfortable surround- the C:OUIlOll for rr… folder. ings, can now be furnished with all that medical skill can do for them. > Also a PORTABLE Model The American Mission to Lepers Full capacity. Welglat ..bout 11 pnvnde. makes an appeal for the ministry of > Alk for lpecI&I folder. Mailed free. a ~hrist~ greeting for these thotlsand or more lepers. The most ap-' Inquire about .peel.' t.r…. preciated articles are soap, sandals to prof••lIlonal. and blankets, but clothing, food and medical supplies are always in de- … _…___ … __ .. ___~r. . FoId..________ ……. __ mand. Mr. W. M. Danner, American Secretary of the Mission to THE HAIIMOND TY,EWJITEJ.ro. Lepers, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 571 E••t 19th St., New YOI'll CIt,.. (Ctmtimmi on page 939) – P1_ II8IId r_ Folder to: _ N~e, _____________________ _ Ad~. __________________ . OOCUpatloo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ PI"""" mention THE MI!lSlOlWtY Rmllw OF 'flUI Won.. in writing to advem.e..

DO YOU LEAVE

TO OTHERS?

Would you leave it to others to carryon your business affairs?

Would you leave it to others to carryon your domestic affairs?

Would you leave it to others to carryon your social affairs?

THEN WHY LEAVE IT TO _OTHERS TO CARRY ON YOUR LORD'S BUSINESS?

Suppose that the miasionaries all shrugged their shoulders and said. "Oh. I have other things things to do. some one else will go". What would happen to the miasionary program?

They are doing their part abroad. Why do you leave your end of the task at home to others?

I t is your duty to create the missionary interest here at home which will stimulate and support the workers on -the field. – Miasiona~ education-an informed intelligent understanding of the missionary plans. purposes and progress-is the secret of a real rniasionary church. By sowing a crop of MISSIONARY REVIEW subscriptions in yOUr church you can make yours-a real missionary ",ongregation–a. real support to the workers in the 6eId.

REMEMBER Your part of the talk is important! . Your part 'of the 'task must be done! Your part of the task can be done belt by you!

Missionary Review of the World "A MISSIONARY REVIEW_ 156 Fihh Ave.• New York.. representative in every Protestant- church" is our aim. That includes Gentlemen:- your church. As a worker for missions I am ready to do my Your church needs the REVIEW. part to make our church a missionary church. Please Do not leave it to others to supply teU me yourplaris for representing tLe REVIEW. it.

Name ..•……………..~…. .' .•….. : ……….• Send us the attached coupon and do your part today! Address…………………..•………..• City………..•……..State……. . Church ..•.•…………-:….~:.

Please mention THJt 'MISSI'ONARY' R~VIJtW OF THJ: WORLD in writing to advertisers NEWS FROM MANY LANDS (Continued from page 937) will gladly send circular with full particulars as to what would be most "i'm hungry for something fine just acceptable, and when and where to 10 read on the Sunday schpol lesson send gifts. .each week. I study hard. of c(J)Jrse, ReHgion at State Universities but I· want something that 'carries me along,' I want perspective and inspira- THE Lutheran says that of the tion. I want a summing uo of the big 8,800 students registered at the things in each lesson, cone by a maSter University of Pennsylvania only 3,878 were church members. This of spiritual discernment. and~well. institution has a larger percentage of non-church members than manv you understand-by someone whose others, but the fact remains thit English is as rich and meaningful in writing as Jowett's is in preaching."

there is a steadily decreasing rela- That's the way a business ptan tionship with the Church among Sunday school teacher fran'dy puts it.

young people seeking a higher educa- He has his answerI Britain's great- tion. A vigorous movement is on est devotional writer foot among leading denominations to Dr. Alexander Smellie provide more adequate religious in- struction at state universities. The in Methodists have paid $284,000 for ilJt junbav ~d.J1J1l1_ property on which to build college churches, and have just laid the brings to him every wee", and to foundation of what is to be a $1,- 000,000 institution at the University thousands of others Ii".e him, the Sunday school lesson's ri~hest spiritual of .Illinois. The Disciples are raising a fund of $800,000 for a similar truths in a settin!!' of faultless literary undertaking, and Presbyferian, Bap- finish-just to read.

tists and Congregationalists are mov- "Immense humanity, eluoive humor ing in the same direction. playing overe.verything. hold pictorial language, pithy upre,sion and virile World Outlook Plans energy combine to make up a style native and racy, but sweetened always THE World Outlook, the illus- and even sublimated by a wonderful trated missionary . magazine .pirituality."

which was inaugurated by the Meth- Christians everywhere who know his work odist Board of Foreign Missions in 1916, and was last year taken over are thanking God for Dr. Smellie. You will. by the Interchurch World Movement,. as soon as you have become acquainted with him. The simplest way ia to make uoe at once now makes the following' announce- of our "Get-Acquainted" offer by which ment. many thouoands have come to know The Sunday School Times, with ita dozen or more "The World Outlook well now be trained specialists writing ("r you on the study published by Mr. A. S. Watkins, pub- and teaching of the International Improved lisher of American Business. Mr. Uniform' Lessons.

Willard Price, who has edited the In return for the full name and magazine from the beginning, will continue as editor and the policy will re- address of one .of your fellow main unchanged under the new pub- workers who doe. not yet take ~ the paper. we will send you Jo •~ a little 8-palle biographical lisher. The World Outlook win stand .ketch of Dr. Smellie • ~".'4' 11' not only for the missionary propa- and hi. work. ganda of all denominations, but for ./~ THE SUNDAY every movement of religion, com- ; – SCHOOL TIMES .,. COMP.NY merce and .poIitics which -means sane t:'ffl eD._ P'" . ' / 1131 W…… !t. PIoiIaoI.r,hia Christian progress." ,)~ For tbe 25 eon'" )i'0> ~ ~.y Bellool TImeo LATIN AMERICA .: Bubonic Plague in Vera Crnll ,). ,.c.I' Name..__________________________• THE appearance of bub 0 n i c "Address.____________•__________ .:..______. plague in Vera Cruz, Mexico, (Continued on page 940) Please mention THE MISSIONARY R!VIltW 0" ~H.· WORI.D in writing to advertisers With. the Smaller Ear Piece NEWS FROM MANY LANDS Will Make You Hear Continued from page 939) There is'no lon~ any Deed .for you, to he8l" im… could not properly be called an epiperfectly, for.training to bear or being con9picu- demic, but was regarded as sufficiently serious to require rigid preventive ~~:e=g~~..rIY°.;;'t'i, ~~Of~~ ~~c~~~ measures. The Institute Moreios, a ~~~:~~~na j~~tO: s~r:=~' it is Girls' School under the Presbyterian Board, was closed by the authorities Thousands of ~n1ihusiastic Acousticon users have for three weeks, after which pupils who had been inoculated for the dis- .-..-'to tile wenderfllt >'eSUlts o b _ from ease were allowed to return.

it, and we feol sale in urging every person who is The. enforcement of. sanitary meahard of hearin!r to accept, without a penny of sures immediately doubled the cost of expense. and entirely at our risk. the food, since market men were not al- lowed to enter the city. Eggs went to 1920 Acousticon . 25c apiece, and fresh vegetables were not to be had. For 10 Daya' FREE TRIAL Y. W. O. A. in Brazil lIO"OEPOSIT":'NO EXPENE THE second South American !!!m"1.:t-.: i/d!. want expens~e toiy:ou~~ot~he.":tria~l, branch of the Y. W. C. A. it back. ~o::fi::,e_ i~f opened in Rio de Janeiro in July, with without a cent of a charter membership of eight hun- !:ti%i:~.l::~h!~i:tr:::=:, ~~~8t~h!-;~QOki:db:! dred. For .three weeks preceding, a now have. Write for Your FREE TRIAL today. campaign for five hundred members had been carried on in the city, under Dictograph Product" 6.rperation the direction of a committee of ten 144J~"""".ut"""r. ,', -, N. . .· V. . . . women, most of whom were from tbe United States. The only other branch· Association is at Buenos Aires.

Temperance in Urngnay Montgomery., W~d A LAW just passed in Uruguay & Company .contains a section whick re- quires that in all public schools there Manu'achD'ers and EKporters shall be lectures upon the harmful- neSS of alcoholic drink," so as to bring of Genetal Merchandi.. about a diffusion of knowledge on this subject and create an aversion Have ellferrd W the requirrlRenr. .of for alcohol." MlMi~rie!l.In:,aU parts. of the world; for ovu 2S yean. This law does not make Uruguay "dry," but it does away with drinking in public saloons, near markets or on wharves and ,docks; The sale of liquor is permitted where' food is served. Sale of liquor is forbidden w write for. eopy of our arll! Cataloc ' to women and children; also to sol- ,.. ce-J..u.-mej:diM,4UId.,_ .,aciM",r, diers and non-cotnllUssimled officers, Missionary Circular and' policemen. .

.f .. 'OBITUARY NOTES We guarantee isaledelivery Dr. H. C. Herrblg anywhere Dr; Hubert C. Herring, Secretary MON'FGOME-R-¥-WAID ~-C6MPANY of .the National Council of Congrega- ' tional churches since 1913, was. drowned on August 6, whileswim~', ming off the coast of Martha's Vine~ yard, Mass. Dr. Herring had had (Continued on page f)4I) Please mention: Tn IIIftSStOlOIT'1lI!VYlW tw 'tHIC WonD in writing to advertisers NEWS FROM MANY LANDS LA TEST ::~ TItLES (Continued from page 940) n-l~ REAL CHRIST 'd: i R. ,4. TOrrey, D.D.

the chief responsibility for the suc- "'~thor of U Fundamental Doctrines oj the Chri.do,. ,cess of the Tercentenary Celebration, FoiIA.." and in addition had been carrying heavy responsibilities_ in connection With rare spiritual discernment and with a deep Intui- with several interdenominational tive appreciation of the character of the Master, Dr. movements. Torrey has drawn a. series of masterly and unforget- table portraits of the man Christ Je…… After attending McCormick and Princeton Seminaries he was ordained EVERYBODY'S WORLD 12m_ o. _ Ne_ t. .1B.d7tIY5 to the Presbyterian ministry in 1887. Later he was pastor of the First Con- With panoramic sweep and the. Insight of a world gregational Church of Omaha, N e- missionary the author lays on our heartll the burden of braska and in 1907 became General Secretary of ,the Congregational the crying need of the natioDs. ,4mericats duty in the Home Missionary Society. He was a present crisis is defined with convincing clearness. power in the Congregational Church and his loss will be widely and keenly . Net. '1.00 felt. FOUR HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED GOSPELS or Rev. L. D. Heminger Africa Rev. Wm. E. ,BarlOn, D.D Efulen Station in the Kamerun has Author oj HThe Soul of A.brahom Lin.eola" suffered severely in the loss of Rev. L. D. Heminger, who met a tragic While Imaginer.r. theBe new stories of the Christ are death last April. Mr. Heminger had based on the New Testament record and have great set a trap for a leopard which had valUe and interest tor tile student ot the G<lspel•. annoyed the missionaries by stealing . 12mo. Net. '1.50 food, and one evening when examining the gun both barrels went off and STORY WORSHIP PROGRAMS FOR THE shattered his left arm. With great difficulty he made his way to the dis- CHURCH SCHOOL YEAR pensary, where black medical assistants did the best they could, but it Rev. Jay S. S ……ell, M • .4. was almost forty-eight hours before skilled medical attention could be had. A series of ideal devotional programs for boys and Help was too late, and Mr. Heminger girls covering every Sunday In the Church SchOOl year.. passed away April 30. Mrs. Hem- COntain. tile material alld .u~"'hieh JaBi<>r alld inger and her two young sons will Intermediate workers have long wanted. remain on the field until their furlough is due in January. 12mo. Net. .1.50 Dr. Jesse Brooks or Cbicago THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF ST. PAUL Rev. Jesse W. Brooks, D. D., Sec- Rev. Do"id Sm,itla, D.D. retary of the Chicago Tract Society, Author of '''The DaYIJ of Hu FlelJla" died in the Presbyterian Hospital of that city on July 22. Dr. Brooks was This monumental life Qf the great Apostle presents the born in Connecticut in 1858, grad- results of arehaeological find-tn-g'fl aDd scholarly. inftsUuated from Union Theological Semi- gatinns of the past two deca.des. Octavo witll series of nary in 1884, and from that year un- Net. '6.00 til 1898 he heldvastorates in Congre- beautiful new maps in COIOT. gational and Reformed Cburcb~, after which he identified himself with THE MENACE OF IMMORALITY IN CHURCH the work of the Chicago Tra<:t So- AND STATE ciety. Ref) • .Iolu& R. StTlIt8~.lJ..D. r …lGr. Cor…ry Baptiot Chwrd<,. New Y-*.

Is America being destroyed like Ancient Greece 8.11.d Rome by Immorality? is the -startling questren raised IDustrated. Net. '1.75 by Dr. Straton.

THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH Basil Mat""…

'Whh a Foreword by Vucount Bryce, Author 0/ "Lh.1ingston the Pathfinder"

The adventures of the "Mayflower" Pilgrims told for young people. A most complete and fascinating Btory. Net. '1.50 With colored illustrations and maps.

THE FOUNDING OF ANATfON Frank M .. (kent Pictures with fascinating skill one ot the most slgnUl- cant and epochal emigrations III the hlotory ot maD·. Net. '2.25 search for Individual liberty.

TALKS TO SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS Lut""..,4. Wei…. Th.. accomplished author of ·"The Pupil and tile Teaeh- er" ca1'l'ies on in this new volume a emrttnuatlon of his 8klllfuJtreatment of teaching problems. Net. '1.25 THE LORD OF LIFE AND DEATH Rev. J. D. Jo-.

AuthDr 0/ Ulj B Man Die"

Tbe Exposi tory Times says of this El<»08ltk>n err tlte Mira£le of the "l'alaing of I…at:APus, "HePe ill a ",*-me of pure exposition the like of which we have been told we should never agaln.._·· N_ FJdttloD. Net..l.60 BIBLE "TYPES OF MODERN MEN ,4..thor ../ UT""Rm""• .– …. Mackintosh'M.."lraYI B . D.

and R..,…..,. of Sin'

In tIlese Inspiring lectures to young men I;loetor Mackay draws a series of character pOrtraits of tileD of today whose qualities parallel those of the great men of tlte New EdItion. lfee;, '1.75 Blbl..

BIB1..E TYPES OF MODERN WOMEN .4udaor oJ IR"". rWY.JNM_ac"kMino."d,e,"r.MMace!nr"ay. 8. ·D• "'~ sum A serl.. of lectures to young women on Bible women ad tIlel.. modem exemplars. New EcllUen. Net.

GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 Madt80n Awnue, New Yon: ………… JaAlaMdoa. . HeoIdp• •_ . . NEW ,BOOKS ON MISSIONS Could You Read Shepard of Aintab. By Alice Shepard With Your Hands? Riggs. 12mo. 200 pp. $0.75. Inter- church Press, New York. 19.20.

Thousands 01 blind must! The Dawn of a New Era in Syria. By Margaret McGilvary. Bvo. 302 pp.

$2.50. Fleming H. RevelJ, N ew York and Chicago. 1920.

$10 will pay for a Tes- A Moslem Seeker After God. By Sam- tament and $2 for a uel M. Zwemer. Bvo. 302 pp. $2.25. Gospel'in blind type. Fleming H. Revell, New York and Souvenir verse free. Chicago. 1920. Help us also give the Bible ·to immigrants, Persian Pictures. Poems. By Mary F. seamen and the poor. Labaree. 12mo. 64 pp. $1.00. Flem- ing H Revell, New York and Chi- Write us about Annuity cago. 1920. Bonds Jewels from the Orient. By Lucy Sea- man Bainbridge. 12mo. 125 pp. $1.00. Fleming' H. Revell, New York and Chicago. 1920.

Every kind of Bible for sale: Scofield, China, the Mysterious and Marvellous. Oxford, Bagster, Cambridge, Holman, By Victor Murdock Bvo. 310 pp. Nelson, at Special Discount•• $2.50. Fleming H. Revell, New York and Chicago. 1920. Universal Bible Sunday, Dec. 5th. Fez and Turban Tales. By Isabel No "han,e in date. Free literature Blake. 12mo. 115 pp. Interchurch Press, New York 1920. NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY China and the Gospel Report of the 675 Madison Ave. (lIlth year) New York China Inland Mission.' 56 pp. China Inland Mission, Philadelphia and Lon- don. 1920.

Progress in the Mikado's Empire. By Robert Cornell Armstrong. Metho- dist Church of Canada, Toronto. 1920.

GET THIS ILLUSTRATED Through Santo Domingo and Haiti. By BOOKLET TODAY-ONLY 150 Samuel Guy Inman. 12mo. 96 pp. Committee on Cooperation in Latin Ridding the America, 25 Madison Avenue, New World of Leprosy York.

Missionary Morale. By George A. Miller. 16mo. 156 pp. $1.00. Metho- dist Book Concern, New York and Cincinnati. 1920.

By W. M. DANNER Missionary Survey As an Aid to Co- operation in Foreign Missions. By Every Christian should read this succinct Roland Allen and Thomas Cochrane. account of the great problem which concerns 12mo. 183 pp. $2.40. Longmans, . Greene & Co., New York. 1920. '

the Protestant Clturch especially today. It The Spending of a Thank Offering. Regives in a nutshell, facts that' many' would like to k.1ow: How the Mission to Lepers port. Bvo. 196 pp. The Macmillan Works-Restoring to Helpfulness-Saving Company, New York. 1920. the' Untainted Children-Curing the Jncur- Thirsting After God. By Dan Craw- ford. 12mo. 189 pp. 3s. Pickering & Inglis, London. 1920.

able—-How it can be Done. The Founding of a Nation. By Frank M. Gregg. Bvo. 479 pp. $2.25. George 48 JNl&es, paper covers:-containing H. Doran Company, N ew York. colored map showing distribution of' 1920. Leprosy in the World. The Real Christ. By R. A. Torrey. per Sent poatpaid-15c copy $1.75. George H. Doran Company, New York. 1920. . The Ameriean Mission to 'lepers . The Church and Industrial Reconstruc- 156·Fifth Ave. New York tion. By the Committee on'the War and the Religious Outlook.. 8vo. 296 ,..', .. ~ ~ ,. . , . SltND 2c.. STAMP FOR THE S'I'ORY pp. $2.00 Asso:iation Press, New York. 1920. '., , OF ~ BOY, A JUG AND A LEPER. ,Neighboring<New Americans. By Mary Clark Barnes. 16mo. 68 pp. $0.75.

.,Fleming H. Revell; New York and ·Chicago. 1920.

. ,P,llf;~se m~tiqn. r~lt _~SSIO:'~ltY lllCY'I~'" ,.~•. 1HJt WP@l.t;» in writing _tc.:). adver.tjsers

94.3

MI~IONARYPERSONALS ,R1<:v. S. HAI,I, YOUNG, D., D., veteran FALL Presbyterian missionary to Alaska now in OFFERINGS the Home Board office, is spending four months in Alaska studying unoccupied fields. He represents the Home Missions DREAMS AND VOICES Council' and two Boards of the Presby- terian Church. … … … by Grace Hyde Trine, DR. J. B. GAMBREI,l" President of the An anthology of mother, father and Southern Baptist Convention ahd DR. E. Y. child verse mostly by modern Ameri- MUl,UNS, President of the Southern Bap- can and British poets. There are tist Theological Seminary in Louisville eighty (:oems, some grave, some gay, are making a world tour of inquiry into but each one a treasure in itself. the Southern Baptist mission fields. Mrs. Trine contends th"t the father DR. AND MRS. 'J"OH*N *M. SPRINC"R, pio- has been neglected in anthologies of mother and child verse, and, she has neerS in Methodist mission work in the made up for this negle<-t. Everyone Congo, have returned to Elizabethville, who loves beautiful poetry ..ill want Belgian Congo, after having taken part in this exquisite book. But someho..

the African division of the Centenary one thinks of it especially as a liift Campaign. Dr. Springer first went to book for mothers. Price $2.00 boxed.

Africa in 1901. A CANTICLE OF THE YEAR *** by Elvira J. Slack MAJOR JOlIN T. AXTON, who entered the No girlhood is quite complete without United States Army as chaplain in 1902, a birthday book. It is one of the few possessions "hich is cherished' long has now been made chief of chaplains, with after other treasures have been "hand. ed 'down." And this ie a lovely one, the rank of colonel. His duties will in- a small, plump little volume hound in green and decorated in silver. There clude investigation of the qualifications of is a beautiful bit of prOse or a poem for each day and space to record the candidates for appointment as chaplains, birthdays. , A gift to, give to girls and for girls to give each other. Price and general coordination and supervision $1.25 '" of all religious activities in the army…….

MISS MARGARET SVTTERY is making a seven months' tour around the world. She will speak at the World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo and will probably be a speaker at many of the post-conventions THE YOUNG WOMAN CITIZEN in China and Japan. From the various by Mary AU$tin countries which she visits Miss Slattery Thinking men as well as women will will write a series of letters to young peo- welcome a book which sets forth trust- .. '" .. wort.h!) guideposts for a working philple. osopby of citizenship. It is a brilliant- ly written discussion for all world cit- PROF. C. H. ROBBRTSON has returned to izens of the responsibilities that are assumed with the right to vote, to- Shanghai to continue his work as head gether with comprehensive survey of the development of th~ citizen frorn of the lecture division of the Y. M. C. the age of the sav1ge tribe to the pres- ent era of tumbling autocracies. A. in China. … * .. MR. J. C. RocBRs, of the London City Paper $1.00, Cloth $1. 75.

Mission, has retired from active service ICE BREAKERS with the Mission after nearly fifty years of connection with the work.

* .. * REV. HENRY LooM~S, for thirty years a representative of the American' Bible So- ciety in Japan, died in Tokyo, August by Edna Geister 23d. Dr. Loomis was born in Burlington; The seventh printing pf1'Ice Breakers" N. Y, in 1839. …….. the now famons little volume of games REV. SAMUEl, H. GREENE, D. D., pastor and stunts by "an author whose .. ork is play", is just off the press. No of Calvary Baptist Church in Washington, library is quite complete without this fun-making, play-planning little book D. C.' for forty-one years, died Septem- which holds the key to the suCcess of .. .. .. . every conceivable kind of party! A b~r 7, splendid volume for grown-ups, 'child- ren or the in-between age. Price $1.35 MRS. LOUIS" S"YMOUR HOUGHTON, a director in the American McAIl Mission and charter member of the first religious …… settlement in America, died in August in BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE or her ei.ghty,~th'i- l'd year. _THE WOMAN'S .. PRESS Car,,)! AI,AK", of Abeokuta, West . '600-Lexinl1t:on Ave., ,. New Y~rk City Africa, died last August. Although not a baptize<ij, Christian, Cbie£. Alake') .gave.

".ptheraorutyghosuutpph;o.rtt;::tro~;~~mcii~sTs!ioiEn.aMrJySSJa~c"t,i~vyi"tyR!VIE,W OF;~Y;~~i~W~,,!;"1,~D~~~~;=;'~~~~7==::;::==r=:;::;~ Books of The MGt'k 01 CI 6eaic'I~… Helpfulit~ . ·uwittcn:fo meef'G.,…) __ and NEW TOOLS for Leoders and Individuals America's Stake in the Far East The Gospel of Out of 000….

CHARLES HARVEY FAHS FRANCIS E. CLARK ..4 ~·ProbIe". .Di.eq.8ion." &ri_ boole. MMro.vCemlaerkn,t,fo_u-nodefr of the Christian Endeavor Questions on the Issues Involved In Christian _.joys of "th',,'eed <>at&- ~ America'. relations to the Far East, with val- ~':d'~:=:-:e::~ ~~i~ft~~~=·ft ~ uable reference 'tUotatlons setting forth the Craft bue"'."" $1.;5. priDelpaJ SnggestiODS for solution of the QUe9IIIOOB ~. Paper 9Sc. doth, 1.35. Gotama Buddha Christian Adventure A. HERBERT GRAY KENNETH J. SAUNDERS Shows that Christianity "Embodies the one A stndy of the lite and .peDIODality .of this graal; __. summons to men and women that is adequate Eastern seeker ..fter GOO, which grows out of- t& their humanity. and otl'ersthe ..00 hope of sound achol&rBbip and has much liren.ry_,.. solving th.. problems of e1v1J1zation. aa weUaaaplrJtnaliludght. ~ bo……I.35.:…

Paper board., 1.25. How Jesus Met Life Questions Christian Task HARRISON S. ELLIOTT J. HAROLD DU BOIS A. uProblem. Di.scuuion" Seriea boo&;:. A ~4IVetfI Generation" Series book.

Presents the snpreme need of the age as a big Can be nsed for a systematic study of the constructive, cooperative Christian task. It is lite of Jesus or topicall y for tthheehedlipscoUfMthioenuo.rf ….-• a mingling of the practical &ad the idealistic, present-day qnestions. with in the spirit of the reconstruction period. of Jesua in their solution. Mollatt's tranola- – tiOD of the New Testament is used for the Paper boards, 1.15. Scripture p"""ages. Cloth, .SO.

Church and Industrial Reconstruction In the Prison Camps of Germany— Prepared under the direction 0/ uTh. Com- CONRAD HOFFMAN mitt-ee on. &Ja.e .,.or and dWJ Reli6ioru 0",- look" A !!rlpplng narrative of "Y" service among .

i!gJ!rg~~!n;l:;:~~:;; !~~~ti~~to t':!re1: E~=e:; ~l..w~~~=:.nl~~~~ indllStry; Not a tr~ati.e on pOlitical economy or social re f o mrmtw• eTCakhersisittis" point of de parture 1919. Cloth,lIIuatrated,4,OO. . deftnitely f r o " relildon a nd undertakes to discover what would be demanded Jesus and his Cause by its thoroughgoing application to the industrial problems of today. Cloth, 2.00. A. BRUCE CURRY, Jr.. d "Preblem macuNion." Seriu boolr:..

Communily P'8gram. (…. C..peratiA, Chur<bes The Gospel by Mark from the prohlem view- point. Outstanding. problems are studied ROY B. GUILD. Edit…. through questioIl8 which bring out the Scrip- ture principles and apply them to oreseot-4ay_ The reports of nine Commissions which met in issues. Cloth, .75. Cleveland. Oliio, June 1-3, 1920, ro deliberate upon a working program of co-operative effort among the churches. Cloth, I.SO. Jesus the Master Teach… Every Morning HERMAN HARRELL HORNE ROBERT CLUETT A new and stimulating way to study the ·lile of ~,:~:;1~De::!':,;r!~~J,'i.f":J"::' ~:':…~: Jesus. Arranged in outline question ·ferm to ~~.::;t~ .t"~~w=:'''yl.:'~~·l.st~· aid lead into di8culoIion. on how tQ..c.JoaDoIle &he.__ teaching aspects of Jesus' work. Cloth, 2.00.

Going Afoot Somethi… More BAYARD H. CHRISTY KIRBY PAGE A "'JVfnG Generation" SeM. book. Many will gain from this Ii ttle book a. new There are vast retIOW'CeII that are ~_ =~ ~;~:'Jeor.::~ t~ad;":~t more" in iGchodillI8inb· JDBIJ, hi ~ "BOIIRItblug Jnure. wh ook, wr " Aeeounto 01 iamoWl wari,iftil clubB In Amerlea. Christ. and i_ by_ a member of the new generation, 8UIIllD8M _~, and dI.rections for the organr",tlDn and conduet of such a crub, Cloth,] .35. _ toapproprlatetorourselves. Paper.boanla,I.2S. ., u. At y,mr Book.tore or /rom ASSOCIATION PRESS~ 347 Madison A-.,. NEW YORK Publication Depart.mUlt, International Committee, Y. M. C. A…

Please mention TH. IIISlIOXAaY lttttlw o. THI WoaLD in writing to advertisers

Moses Spent Much of His

training the children of Israel in the. rules of health. Witness the longevity of the Hebrew race in spite of untoward circumstances.

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An Inexpensive Service The Sanitaty Communion Outfit Company provides a tasteful and inexpensive service; the noiseless, highly polished wooden trays for the cups being in keeping with church furniture. The Outfit adds to the beauty, solemnity and repose of the Communion Service.

A Conservator of Health Make your communion service not alone an uplifting of the spirit of your community but a real conservator of the health of your people.

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of communlon for this very reason. If you have not yet adopt~d the modern,. sani~ communion cup' let this be one of your 1lr8t forward fltePB in 1920.

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COP"rlUGHT. UNDERWOOD &: lJ''''''OOD KUFA OR GRASS BOAT ON· mE TIGRIS RIVER New Lectures Added to Our Rental Service pOLAND AND CZECHD-SLOVAKIA.< It is a lecture of the hour, 64 slides; 22 plain, 3 sepia, 39 colored. One renUit $5.00.

JUGO-SLAVIA, UKRAINE AND LITHUANIA. The three Slav nations struge:ling desperately to restore order and""chieve independence. 48 slides; 12 plain, 6 sepia, 30 colored. One rental $t.II; THE LIFE OF CHRIST IN ART. 'IMS lecture covers the entire life from Murillo's "Immaculate Conception" ~o the "Transfiguration" by Raphael. 66 colored slides. One rental $6.00.

THE PASSION PLAY. This lecture is thoroughly revised and contains many ~, new slides. 50 slides; 8 plain, 10 sepia, 32 colored. One rental$3.00.

THE' BIRTH OF OUR NATION. This is virtually a new lecture. 58 slides; 21 plain, 9 ~epi9. 28. colored. One rental $4.00.

SOUTH AMERICA-THE WEST COAST. 100 slides; 32 plain, 15 sepia, 3 colored. One rental $6.00.

AMERICANIZATION COURSE. Six lantern slide lecture sets with :MOO., vis- u~lizin& United States History, covering six important periods in the Evolution Of Freedom, now ready. Each set comprises 51 to 57 slides, rental charge per set with manuscript $6.00. Selling price complete with manuscript, per set $60.00.

LECTURE SETS FOR SALE. We must make room for the constantly growing number of new sets and are therefore offering a number of fcomplete lecture sets at a discount ranging from 25 to 75 per cent.-at a price less than cost. Send for particulars. Price list in preparation.

SPECIAL OVERSTOCK OFFER. Send for particulars of our special overstock clearance offer. Slides at eight to twenty-five cents each in lots of 10, 25 ~nd 50 on many countries and subjects. Large values while they last.

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The Missionary Review of the World — May 1918

IN THE STRVGGL£

MISSION",f7(Y ~ J)£M. I'or CY I tr STQTlSTlC S OCR" ~ COHHtKITY ~ J"I.r? <=C> 1 elfIN" )~L5'~~ CJ{IJRCf{ IN" C,fUF01?fflA ' 1–~~­ R£SVLTS ' MISSIOKR'RY LE/lDEle of the GllhT£MhL~ in /fIJSTR;tLI/I EI{RT/{QVt9K£ K£WS ITEMS Jf(lJICI/T£lJ ~JrrICL£ S IlfDlC-fTE/J 13 Y TITLE S. BY . KIJM B£RS.

A MEETING OF CHRISTIANS IN A PRESBYTERIAN MISSION, KAMERUN, WEST

See article by Mis. Jean Maokenzie (page 339)

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. May, 1918 NUMBER FIVl!I XLI.

SIGNS Of THE TIMES AFRIOA AFTER THE WAR W ILL the Dark Oontinent be darker or lighter as a result of the wOIlld war? In 1914 there were about 130,000,000 Africans who were still unevangelized. Among these were working some 4,500 Protestant missionaries. They were located in about 1,000 stations and had gathered Ohristian adherents to the number of one and a half million Africans. The 350 higher schools and colleges and 10,000 elementary schools, conducted by the missionaries, had brought under instruction over 600,000 pupils. The medical missions cared for over one million cases during one year and the leper asylums, orphanages, and other philanthropic institutions cared for many more. Plans were a under way to cover the continent with network of stations, to establish a Ohristian university at Oairo, to stem the Moslem advance, to found model industrial iustitutions where most needed and to train large forces of African Ohristian workers. Then came the war! Since then nearly one thousand German Protestant missionaries have been obliged to discontinue their work. The German missions in Togo and Kamerun (West Africa), in German Southwest Africa (Damaraland), and in German East Africa have been turned over to Swiss, British or American missionaries, or the work is conducted by native Ohristians. This former German territory comprises nearly one million square miles and contains over 13,000,000 people. In other words it is equal to fifteen times the area and twice the population of New England.

What is to become of this territory after the war and what will be the fate of the German missions in the event of an Allied victory? There are those who hold that it would be a calamity ever to return the colonies to Germany, since her efficiency in colonizing means improvement of the land at the expense of the natives. She is also charged with the intention of building in Africa a military state, dividing the Oontinent and threatening the peaceful development of the people.

Others hold that, while the German Empire should never regain control of her colonies, it would be a great loss to Africa if German missionaries were not permitted to carryon their work. They have undoubtedly contributed largely to the industrial and educational development of Africa and have many qualities from which other missionaries may learn much. When the time for a peace settlement comes, the right of the Africans to a voice in their future should not be overlooked.

Bishop Hartzell, who has probably traveled further in Africa than any other missionary, sees a great future for Christianity in that Continent. He expresses the belief that this war means a new era for the Africans. The native Christians are rising to positions of leadership and are entering heartily and intelligently into the plans for the evangelization of the Continent. Already nearly thirty-five thousand are engaged in evangelistic and Christian educational work for their fellow Africans. These will be the future preachers and teachers of Africaand some of them are wonderful evangelists.

The future may be counted on for three advance steps at least: (1) The development of a more adequate plan for co-operation among Christian missionaries in Africa; (2) the increase of responsibility placed on the native church; and (3) a better understanding and cooperation between Africans and Europeans in the further development and enlightenment of the Continent.

MOHAMMEDAN ADVANCE IN CENTRAL AFRICA W HILE the servants of the Owner of the Field slept, the enemy sowed tares- While Christians are busy elsewhere the Moslems are advancing in Africa. Unfortunately the influence of the European Governments too often favors the Mosh'IDs. Battalions in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan are recruited from the pagan tribes and the chaplains are Mohammedan mallams, appointed and paid by the Government of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. As a result, African soldiers returning to their tribes after service in the army carry with them the religion of Mohammed.

Many Mohammedan traders, financed by European trading companies, go freely among the pagan peoples, and into districts where, before European governments arrived, they would have been killed. They preach Islam while they trade. The troops of the Senegal, of Northern Nigeria, of the French Shari-Chad Protectorate, and of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan are Mohammedan, so that the war in the Kameruns and East Africa has increased the prestige of the Moslem fighting man.

On the other hand, the French Government has tried to meet the Mohammedan advance in the Western Sudan by forbidding the use of the Arabic language in the schools; Sir Frederick Lugard (the British

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

Governor General of the Niger Territories), has printed in his bluebook, "I hold out every encouragement to establish missions in pagan centres." In the Shari-Chad Protectorate the French Government has had far more trouble with the Mohammedans than with the pagans, for the reason that the Mohammedan advance is not desired.

In the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, the Governor General has said that it is impossible for the government to deal with the Mohammedan advance and has asked that Christian missionaries come and help Christianize and civilize the pagan tribes. This will be the greatest blessing to the people for Christianity, far more than Islam, helps to establish justice and maintain peace.

Dr. Karl Kumm gives the names of over forty tribes not yet reached by Christian missions. These include over 2,000,000 Africans.

The number of missionary societies in South Africa and on the West Coast is disproportionately large when compared with the amount of territory still to be occupied. In Sierra Leone there are ten Christian missionary societies at work, while between the Niger and the Nile on the Central African plat.eau, where the Mohammedan propagandists are exerting their greatest pressure, not one society is represented. "This is poor strategy!" says Dr. Kumm.

It would be advisable to appoint a commission, representing American and British foreign mission boards, to devise ways and means by which the energy of societies engaged in missionary work in Africa may be distributed on the strategic advance line of Mohammedanism.

A NEW CRISIS OF MISSIONS IN PERSIA URUMIA is cut off from communication with Tabriz and the out- side world. The Moslems are fighting the Ohristians and word is anxiously awaited as to the fate of the missionaries. This is one result of the Russian collapse. When Turkey declared war on France, Russia and Great Britain, and endeavored to arouse all Moslems to a "Holy War," Russian armies came to the rescue of the missionaries and Assyrian and Persian Ohristians in Urumia, Tabriz and the surrounding territory. At that time America was not involved in the war and the American flag and American missionaries were able to exert great influence in the protection of life.

Today the situation has sadly changed. Russia is demoralized and her forces have been withdrawn; America is an enemy of Turkey's ally; Turks and Kurds are inciting other Moslems to pillage and murder all Christians and the situation in northwest Persia is acute. How soon the disorganization and danger may spread to other parts of Persia, it is impossible to say. The missionaries in Urumia include Dr. and Mrs. Wm. H. Shedd, Dr. and Mrs. Harry P. Pack~rd, Mrs. J. P. Cochran, Rev. and Mrs. E. T. Allen, Mr. Robert McDowell, Mr. Edward Richards, Miss Elizabeth Coan, Miss Mary Burgess, Dr. and Mrs.

W. P. Ellis and others of the American Presbyterian missionaries. This is pre-eminently a time for prayer to God for these faithful witnesses.

Urumia is a city of 80,000 population, situated near the western shore of Urumia Lake, about fifty miles from the Turkish border, and one hundred and twenty-five miles from the Russian border. The American Presbyterians have been established there for forty-seven years and have built up strong churches, schools and medical work. It was in the Presbyterian mission compound that 15,000 refugees were sheltered and fed two years ago.

PALESTINE AND SYRIAN RELIEF T HE political changes due to America's entrance into the war, Russia's withdrawal from the Allies and the progress of the British forces in Palestine have not interrupted the work of the Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee. The Russian Caucasus has not yet been transferred to Turkey as the Caucasus Republic has not accepted the terms of the Bolshevik treaty. American, Swiss and Swedish agents are still distributing relief in Russian and Turkish territory and in Palestine there is increasing opportunity for relief and for constructive work. In addition to the suffering Armenians in Turkey there are more than two million destitute people, dependent on America, who can be reached in Persia, Mesopotamia, Palestine and Macedonia. The following recent telegrams received from the American State Department give assurance that "relief is not stopped by political changes." "Fifteen centers in Turkey (Asia Minor Armenian Syrian Relief) heard from. Agents well and absorbed in relief and missionary work. Severe winter. Exceedingly high price of foodstuffs, scarcity fuel, lack of clothing, disease, want of medical supplies very greatly intensify suffering of destitute people. Numbers of orphans cared for steadily growing_ All resources of the deported people exhausted because of prolongation of con- ditions. This increasing gravity of situation, difficulties of exchange and serious depreciation of currency impel our agents to appeal for largely increased appropriations. Our representatives say that to continue, calls for larger expenditures but to discontinue would mean death to multitudes. Dollars or deaths_ America cannot afford to hesitate now in this great humanitarian effort saving the remnant of the persecuted Christians in Turkey. Increased giving of dollars means saving of lives of thousands."

Another cablegram received from Cairo reads: "Refugees from desolated villages evacuated by Turks drifting south- ward. Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Jaffa, Hebron, Majdel, Deirsineid occupied by our staff. Armys advance toward Jordan Nablous widens area needed relief. Three orphanages being equipped in Jerusalem to shelter 500. Clinics are thronged. Regular hospitals being used for wounded soldiers jointly with military authorities. We are rationing whole city stripped of supplies by Turks and left in state of economic siege by damage to rail- way. Poorest people were reduced to eating orange peels and garbage.

Six soup kitchens temporarily feeding 8,000 destitute. Expansion relief industries will soon place thousands upon payroll and will benefit Syria as army advances. Prospects good for securing contracts sewing army shirts, sandbags, also mending clothing, socks. Army employing increasing numbers road building. Lace industry limited by shortage of thread. We offer to develop boys in carpentering, mechanics, shoemaking, tailoring, agriculture. Only way to clean up Jerusalem and banish typhus is through indu!:'tries regulated by sanitary rules. Will America assist in industrial reconstruction? Fifty thousand dollars" required monthly for immediate relief. TROWBRIDGE."

In an early number of the REVIEW we plan to publish an article showing what has actually been accomplished with the nine million dollars already expended in Armenian and Syrian relief work. One thing is certain, hundreds of thousands. of lives have been saved, the hearts of thousands of Christians in America have been enlarged by their gifts to these sufferers and an object lesson in Christian love has been given to the world by the self-sacrifice and devotion of those who are ministering to these persecuted people, who might have saved their own bodies by denying Ohrist.* DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDIAN CHURCH T HE growth of the national church of India is of the utmost im- portance to the progress of Christianity. For this reason special interest attaches to the meeting of the "National Missionary Council of India" held at Coonoor last November. It was attended by thirty-six out of forty-two members and was presided over by the Bishop of Calcutta.

One of the topics under discussion, especially important in view of the present agitation for self-government in India, was the relation of self-support to self-government in the Indian Church. The committee on this subject urged that self·management in some form or degree should not be withheld simply because complete self-support is not attain"ed. A measure of self-government has usually been proved to be a great stimulus to self-support.

Another important subject related to Christian progress in India is the "Conscience Clause" in government aided schools. After careful consideration a resolution was passed by the National Missionary Council recommending that "Wherever there is sufficient demand for other than Christian education, it is the duty of private or public bodies to provide it. In all save single school areas, such education is available and all that can be rightly demanded by those who object to Christian teaching is already provided. In single school areas where local conditions warrant it, relief may be found by the provision of alternative schools. But where either the total number of pupils or the number * Gifts to the Armenian and Syrian relief fund may be sent to Cleveland H.

Dodge, Treasurer, 1 Madison Ave., New York.

of conscientious objectors is too small to-render this desire feasible, the wishes of parents for the exemption of their children from the Scripture period, when expressed in writing, should be made an exception by the school authorities."

The Indian churches have already become deeply interested in self-extension and several home mission societies are in operation. The receipts range from $100 to $5,000 per year and have resulted in many thousands of converts. The National Missionary Society of India is a union work with an income of ever $7,000 a year. It has thirteen Indian missionaries active in six fields, and has gathered about 3,000 converts into Ohristian communities. The development of the mass movement holds out hope for a great Indian Ohristian Ohurch which will become a power, not only in the Indian Empire, but throughout Asia.

THE PROGRESS OF AMERIOAN OHUROHES T HE church statistics for 1917, prepared by the Federal Oouncil of Ohurches, show some rather unexpected things in this first year of America's entrance into the war. First, the number of ministers reported shows an increase, as does also the number of churches and members. Oommunicant members of all religious bodies, including Roman Oatholics and Jews, are given as 40,515,315. This means that 60,000,000 in the United States are out of the church-or, if children are omitted, not less than 20,000,000 adults are not connected with any church. This is a population equal to that of Siam and Korea combined.

The church growth is of interest. Of 528,000 new members, only 158,750 are in the Roman Oatholic churches, less than half the number reported a year ago. The largest net increase among Protestant forces is among the Methodists (173,734), the Baptists (77,474), Disciples of Ohrist (59,016), and Presbyterians (54,278). The largest percentage of increase is among the Disciples (5 per cent.) as compared with 1 per cent. among Roman Oatholic, and one-quarter of 1 per cent. among Lutherans. The Ohristian Scientists report 1,569 churches, but refuse to report on membership.

Among notable signs of the year are the union movements-particularly among the Lutheran and Methodist bodies-the large war activities and the programs for raising immense sums for church and missionary purposes. This is especially notable among the Methodists, Baptists and Disciples. For the first time in history all the Lutherans united, first in celebrating Luther's anniversary and then in a Lutheran commission on war activities. ~rews and .Roman Oatholics have raised large sums for war and relief, hut have been far outstripped in this by the Protestant organizations that have given lavishly, without regard to creed, but only in view of the great and crying needs.

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WiJi &Wi: THE GREATEST FORCE IN THE WORLD .THE most powerful forces iu the world work silently. NO' man can hear the sun or the tides or the mighty attractions which hold the universe together or bind man securely upon this flying parth. The seed germinates in stillness under ground and all the great growth of Nature is inaudible. It is a strange thing that we cannot bring ourselves to realize that if Nature's most massive ener· gies operate in silence it is even more to be expected that the great spiritual forces will be noiseless too. We seem to think otherwise.

We look to public men, to loud explosions of guns, to newspaper and platform publicity, to the movement and pressure of the mass and overlook the buried seed of suggestion, the private word, the unob- served friendship, the working book, the penetration and the persist- ence of personal memories, the unrelaxing secret grip of truth mould- ing the conscience and the inward soul O'f individuals and of mankind.

But it is with these deeper and vaster forces that the cause of missions works. Its men and women go out quietly into the world and are lost to sight. They settle in great cities where the traveler who does not look for them does not see them. Or they gO' out into remote places where the traveler never comes. They make no great stir. Their leaving was with no demonstration and their arrival is often without notice. They begin with no tumult, making friends, rendering service, healing sick folk, teaching children, here and there giving a book to some one who may understand. They spread new ideas and they live a new life. And neither an idea nor a life is audible. Sometimes the quiet of such work is disturbed by misunderstanding, or innocent folk have to bear the guilt of the consequences of deeds that were neither quiet nor innocent. And sometimes the thunders break which sooner or later are inevitable from the clash of silent truth with the false- hood, secret or open, which is its foe. But the still and pacific ener- gies of love and life work on and in the end they are resistless.

Not a day passes which does not disclose somewhere the sure fruit- age of the silent sowing of the past. The story which Stephen Trow- bridge sends us from Cairo is representative and not exceptional: "An incident occurred last week which shows by what devious ways missionary influence travels, and, as David Livingstone said, how 'compact an affair the world is getting to be.'

"Mohammed Effendi, a young student from Oonstantinople, in the Azhar University-the great center of Moslem learning in Cairo–had been coming for some weeks past to give Turkish lessons to Mr. and Mrs. Camp and Miss Putney, three of our neighbors. Finding that I had been born in Turkey and was familiar with the language, he came

to call several times. As our acquaintance grew into a friendship, he spoke freely about his disappointment over finding such a sordid atmosphere in the life of the great Mohammedan theological school. I replied that I felt sure we were both vitally interested in one and the same thing, namely, discovering the way to God and seeking t& do His will. I asked him what he knew about Christianity, and he replied that his information was chiefly from the Gospel of Barnabas (a spurious work written between 1300 and 1350 A. D., made to produce New Testament references to Mohammed), and that he had in his pos· session a copy of the New Testament differing substantially from the Gospel of Barnabas and published in Constantinople about fifty·five years ago.

"'The language of this New Testament,' he said, 'is that of our fathers' day and the type is rather out of date.' I knew that this must be one of the earlier missionary versions, before the one finally adopted by the Bible Societies. So I offered him a New Testament published in Constantinople with the imprimatm of the British and American Bible Societies. This he accepted with many thanks and promised to read at his leisure. Two or three days afterwards he presented Miss Put· ney with the old New Testament, of which he had spoken, thinking that she might be interested in it as something of a rarity. What was her bewilderment upon opening the handsomely bound volume to find upon the fly·leaf the following inscription in a clear, strong hand: " 'Presented to the Ex-Governor of Philippopolis in kind remembrance of his services in arresting and punishing the murderers of our dear brother Meriam.

TILLMAN C. TROWBRIDGE.

Constantinople. April 14, 1863.'

"He had not even deciphered the signature beneath. It seems that some time previously he had bought the volume from a Circassian stu· dent in the School of Technical Arts. This young man was the son of a distinguished and wealthy Moslem of the Caucasus who had traveled to Damascus and had died while in that city.

"During the boy's school days in Constantinople a great fire had raged through the city, and the -lad, having lost all his possessions, hurrying through the smoking streets, picked up this book flung from an upper window.

"What a chain of experiences this New Testament must have had, passing from the scenes of the long-drawn Bulgarian struggle for inde· pendence; traveling through Adrianople, one of the last Moslem strong· holds in Europe, where 'hundreds of New Testaments have been secretly read and pondered; peradventure carried to the capital on the Bos· phorus in the library of some intelligent and liberal minded Pasha, who, becoming debased by habits of greed and extortion, sold this spiritual treasure for a coin or two; handed on through auctioneer to bookseller, and so to some learned sheikh of Stamboul in silken robes

EDITORIAL COMMENT

and massive turban, only to be left idle for a year or two, aner the old professor's death, until it should once more be passed to the warped and dusty shelves of one of the many bookshops which forever fascinate Moslem seekers after God by their rigid adherence to the literature of the past, and forever puzzle Western visitors by their native lack of system! Who knows by what circumstances of human tragedy or hope the book passed into the highlands of Kars or Tiflis? Then came the long journey to Damascus-surely on an errand of some importthen the sudden death and the dividing of the property among the three sons, and after that the second son's resolve to acquire in Egypt the lore of the Englishman's sciences.

"Finally, we may imagine ourselves in Cairo, far to the south, by the side of a Turkish Azhari, a deeply religious young man, keen, nervous, courteous and rather unhappy at heart. He enters the room of a young Oircassian who has offered to sell some of his books. He lays his hand upon this volume, much as you or I traveling through China might handle one of the 'heavenly classics' of Confucius and peer into its pages. He thinks of 'the original Holy Gospel sent down in glorious perfection upon our I,ord Jesus, upon Him be the peace,' and he thinks how strange it is that all the copies now in circulation should have been so corrupted and so tampered with as to lose all authoritative value. 'But,' he meditates, 'what matter these things? The Eternal Quran, final and supreme, was sent down upon our Lord tbe Apostle of God, the Lord of the Two Worlds, upon Him be the peace. And yet shall I not buy this volume and in some lehmre moments read what the Christian scribes have published?'

"Mayhap this volume has passed through wars and pestilence, possibly through trials for heresy in Moslem courts. Possibly it has been studied in secret, by candlelight and by the light of dawn. At all events opposite the fly-leaf, written upon by my father in the thirtysecond year of his age, when he was yet upon the threshold of his life work, the book bears an inscription in Turkish: "'Possesor of the Holy Gospel, Mohammed Hilmi As'd ed Din.'''

And life which is but an unseen and an unheard thing is more powerful than books. In 1811 Henry Martyn passed through Persia and spent about eleven months in Shiraz, where he preached Christ boldly. Though in Persia so short a time, and already enfeebled by disease, Martyn completed his translation of the New Testament, and he stamped his influence indelibly on some hearts. "Just as I was leaving Persia," said Dr. Perkins, fifty years ago, "I fell in with a Cbaldean bishop about seventy years old, in the district of Salmas, with whom Martyn had stopped as a guest for a week, forty-seven years before. This aged man is the only Persian I have met who personally recollected Martyn. He was charmed with the missionary, pronouncing him the finest Englishman he ever saw; and his remembrance of

him was very vidid so long afterwards. He spoke of him as social, active and inquisitive, writing from morning till night, yet always ready to engage in conversation with all who called-as very temperate, eating (as the bishop figuratively said) an egg for breakfast, and dining on a chicken wing. When riding out to visit antiquities in the region, he was accustomed to propose a topic for discussion; for instance, when they mounted their horses one day Martyn said .to the bishop, 'Let us discuss the question, Was darkness created? You take one side, and I will take the other, and see what we make of it'; showing Martyn's taste for metaphysics and his knowledge of the Persian tastes and mind. The bishop represented him as small in stature and frail in appearance. There must have been wonderful power, as well as singular fascination, in Martyn to have left so enduring and grateful an impression on that Persian."

All those who could personally recoIled Martyn have been gone for many a year, but the man's living influence is still at work in Persia and will work there forever. He lived in rented quarters. He built no institutions. He had no companions. All that he did was to work at his translation of the New Testament into Persian and to talk to the people and their ecclesiastics, Moslem, Armenian and Jew, and then to pass on across the land to Toeat in Turkey, where he died. But did anything that happened in Persia in the nineteenth century represent a deeper or more penetrating power?

Those men and movements are the greatest which most purely and fearlessly embody the principle of .Tesus: "Except a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die it abideth alone, but if it die it beareth much fruit." What counts most in the war and will inevitably determine all is not the shells poured forth in thunder from the guns, but the lives poured out in silence by men. This is the great work, and the man who knows it, and who knows that in doing it he is doing the infinite will of the silent or the low-spoken God, has entered into power.

As Newbolt wrote of Chinese Gordon: "For this man was not great By gold or royal state By sharp sword or knowledge of earth's wonder But more than all his race He saw life face to face And heard the still small voice above its thunder."

BOYS BRINGING FOOD FOR PROF. DU PLESSIS'

Trekking the African Continent BY PROF. J. DU PLESSIS, STELLENSOSCH, SOUTH AFRICA Author of "A History of Christian Missions in South Africa" and "Thrice Through the Dark Continent"

Africa is the continent of mystery. Upon its very threshold, in distant Egypt, couches the ancient Sphinx, the typical repository and guardian of its secrets, daring men to cross the trackless deserts in search of hidden sources and unknown races, and smiling its inscrutable smile, when after the lapse of months or years they return from their quest baffled and broken. Africa was the last of the great continents to surrender its secrets. It is within the lifetime of many of us that the mysteries which enshrouded its heart have been diSSOlved; that Livingstone forced his way up from the south; that Speke stood upon the shores of Victoria Nyanza, gazing upon the Nile where it pours out of that mighty reservoir; and that Stanley descended the Lualaba, proving its identity with the Congo, which drains one-third of the con-

tinent. And even yet Africa conceals within its breast secrets which man, with all his ingenuity and presumption, cannot wrest from itsecrets geological, ethnological, philological, zoological and botanical. These secrets still await disclosure. Ex Africa semper aliquid OOV'f. (Out of Africa there is always something new.) These secrets constitute the special glamor which the Dark Con· tinent casts over its devotees. Africa is a coy maiden, whose heart we would fain win, whose beauties we would fain discover, to whose seduc· tive voice we cannot choose but listen, but who eludes and puzzles us by her changeful moods. Ilet me describe some of those moods.

There is the cheerful, bustling mood. We are upon the Benue River in Nigeria, seated in a 50·foot canoe. The landscape shimmers in the brilliant sunshine. The surface of the smooth, gleaming water is broken by the leaps. of sportive fish. Thousands of waterfowl line the banks or fly swift and silent overhead-ducks and geese, pelicans, herons and crested cranes; the egret and the sacred ibis; the solemn kingfisher and the nimble plover. Out yonder a school of hippos disport themselves in the slow stream; and upon a distant sandbank lie half a doz~n stout logs, which as we approach bestir themselves and are presently seen to be crocodiles. Scores of canoes ply to and fro upon the broad river; for the Benue is a veritable highway of commerce and the Mohammedans who people these northern lands are traders by instinct and by profession. All is cheerfulness and activity.

"While men with laughter, song and shout, Spin the great wheel of earth about."

Again~ we frequently strike Africa in its dark, mysterious mood. Enter with me a tropical forest in Kamerun. It is the kind of forest made familiar to us by Stanley's expression "In Darkest Africa:" Imagine yourself marching through a wood so densely packed with trees that you can discern above your head no glint of sunshine and no patch of blue. The road is littered with dead and decaying leaves. Mighty tree·trunks lie prone across your path. Treacherous roots lie in wait for you and trip you up. You wade through marshy ground, from which arise miasmatic odors, which seem to bear the germs of all possible diseases. Around you all nature is locked in deadly embrace.

"Thick round me in the teeming mud Brier and fern strove to the blood; Like frightened demons, with despair, Competing branches pushed for air; Green conquerors from overhead, Bestride the bodies of the dead. So hushed the woodland warfare goes Unceasing, and the silent foes Grapple and smother, strain and clasp, Without a cry, without a gasp."

TREKKING THE AFRICAN CONTINENT

30 e 11- A IT I, AFRICA >. { lhewlnl the chi.'

TRANS-CONTINENTAL ROUTES DRAWN fOR THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD BASED ON GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL 1911 GREAT HIGHWAYS OF THE GOSPEL IN AFRICA Profound silence pervades the scene, a silence broken only by your own timid footsteps_ You are obsessed with an undefined feeling of dread. You seem to be in contact, not with death, but with the shadow of death. You would rather see the face of the arch-foe himself and be confronted by something tangible and visible than have the vague menace of the shadow of death-before you, beside you, above youchoking your breath, stifling your call, chilling you to the marrow.

At times, again, you find Africa in a savage and terrible mood. Transport yourselves now to the eastern border of the Congo State and stand with me in the Albertine Rift Valley. Beneath a series of still active volcanoes stretches a broad field of lava, covering the whole surface of the valley. Across this lava field you see a caravan of men strnggling, their feet torn and bleeding from the jagged rock. But a greater danger threatens them from above. Dark thunderclouds are gathering around yonder rocky peaks, and in the distance the first

growls of the tempest are heard. Nearer sweeps the storm and minatory drops fall with a swiftness and force that constantly increase. We hold a council of war. What shall we do? The unanimous answer is: "Stay not in all this plain; escape to the mountain$, lest thou be consumed." We move forward with such speed as we can command. We gain the foot of the mountains and begin the toilsome ascent. There is no human being, no hut or village, no shelter of any kind until we have crossed the 7,000-foot range and gained the further side. I press on; my men, cumbered with their loads, are left behind. The higher I ascend the nearer do I approach to the storm-centre. Swirling mists surround me, shut me in, cut off my retreat. The rush of the descending rain turns the narrow pathway into a torrent. The fieree blast, straight from the heart of the tempest, cnts me like an arctic wind; and I am conscious that unless I move on I shall presently freeze to deatll. The spirits of the storm are unbound; they shriek and rage about me, resenting my presumptuous intrusion into their secret domain, and threatening to overwhelm me with direst calamity. At dark I reach the shelter of the village. A handful of my followers reached home that night, but the bulk of them were left exposed to the fury of the elements. Two perished, one being my cook-a faithful lad whom I had brought from Nigeria. Half a dozen reecived such sheeks to the system through cold and exposure that they had to be discharged. It was a feeble and sadly decimated string of carriers that continued the long eastward march to the Lualaba. Such is my acquaintance with Africa in its savage and implacable mood.

THREE TIMES ACROSS THE CONTINENT.

During the two years and two months between December, 1913, and January, 1916, I crossed the continent of Africa three times. My first crossing was from Lagos, in Nigeria, to Mombasa in British East Africa, through the western Sudan, North Oongoland, and Uganda. The second time I passed from Mombasa to Matadi, at the mouth of the Congo, traveling through Uganda, under the foot of Mount Ruwen- zori, past Lake Albert Edward and the Kivu volcanoes, and so to the Lualaba and down the Oongo. The third transit was from the mouth . of the Oongo to the mouth of the Zambesi, via the Kasai, the Lualaba, ElisabethvilIe, and Lake Nyasa. The total distance covered was 17,000 miles. It says much for the advance of Africa in the means of travel that only 2,000 miles had to be accomplished on foot. Railways ac- counted for over 5,000 miles, river and lake steamers and canoes for 4,000, and the remainder of the distance was taken by motor-lorry and motorcycle, by hammock, by bicycle and on horseback.

The carrier question, though still a source of worry and anxiety, is not the burning problem it was to the early explorers. Through the pacification of Africa it is now possible to procure local carriers for special sections of the journey; and tbe terrible strain of obtaining and

TREKKING THE AFRICAN CONTINENT

retaining a body of men to serve you for twenty or thirty months has passed away forever. At the end of every 50 or 100 miles the traveler reaches a Government post, where a fresh relay of porters is procurable at a fixed tariff.

In remote parts like the Western Sudan and Central Congoland proisions must be carried with you. One can generally procure the ubiquitous fowl, eggs in varying degrees of freshness or antiquity, rice, beans, sweet potatoes, maize, bananas and papaws. Game is found only sporadically; I can count upon the fingers of my hands the occasions on which I could pass out into the plains with some certainty of securing a meal for myself and my men. For the most part our experience was that of Kipling's typical Tommy: "We eat our proper rations, In spite of inundations, Malarial exhalations, And casual starvations."

The chief objects of my journey were two: to visit typical mis- sionary fields in order to obtain an insight into missionary methods obtaining in Africa and to traverse unoccupied fields and thus to learn something of the missionary strategy necessary for Africa. In the course of my journeyings it was possible to visit the fields of some 25 churches and societies, and I was privileged to meet over 400 missionaries and with many of them to' discuss at some length the interests of the missionary enterprise.

Nothing struck me more forcibly than the growth of the spirit of missionary comity. Societies are joining hands in a most remarkable way. Dil>tances in Central Africa are very great, and the means of communication, though vastly improved, are still uncertain and inadequate. These circumstances have made it impracticable for the societies working in West Africa (Kamerun, Nigeria, and the Gold Coast) to meet in general conference, but the relations which prevail between them are nevertheless exceedingly cordial. The societies at work in the Belgian Congo have held no less than seven General Missionary Conferences, the first dating as far back as 1902. The efforts made by the missionary bodies of East Africa in the direction of federation, which culminated in the historical gathering at Kikuyu, are fresh in the memory. One of the immediate results of this growing comity has been the delimitation of spheres of influence by societies laboring in the same area. The East African Conference has decided to leave Uganda wholly to the Church Missionary Society and not only to refrain from entering that sphere themselves, but 'also to dissuade other bodies from doing so. In the Lower Congo district societies occupying adjacent areas have come to an understanding regarding boundaries and have in some cases effected a transfer of stations. Another result of inter-denominational comity is apparent in the in-

creasing number of training institutions which are supported and staffed by two or more societies working in co-operation. Nor must I fail to mention as a third result the gradual approximation by the various societies .towards a common standard of discipline, a common term of pl'obation in candidates for baptism and a cQmmon course of study for those in training as evangelists and teachers.

Another encouraging feature in the present missionary situation is the general agreement as to the most efficacious methods of work. This general agreement has been reached by all the older societies, and if the younger bodies have not yet adopted the most approved methods, their failure to do so is due to inexperience rather than to dissent. The aim of the missionary enterprise is conceived everywhere in its higbest and broadest sense as being the establishment of a church that is able PROF. DU PLESSIS' CARRIERS CROSSING A NATIVE BRIDGE IN BRITISH EAST AFRICA to subsidize its own workers, extend its own boundaries and control its own affairs. The theory much in vogue in certain uninstructed circles that the Gospel need be preached only "as a witness" finds no countenance with responsible societies. Missionary methods are grouped round the four great heads of evangelistic, educational, medical and industrial methods. The evangelistic enterprise stands in the forefront of effectual methods and yet, if it be not seconded and reinforced by the educational, its results are likely to be small in quantity and super. ficial in quality. Both the former methods must be supplemented by the medical aud industrial agencies.

In many fields I found an inadequate employment of native workers as a means of spreading the Gospel; in some fields I noted an inadequate supply; and in most fields an inadequate preparation. The

TREKKING THE AFRICAN CONTINENT

four old arguments for the employment of native agents have lost none of their force-the ethnological, founded on their intimate acquaintance with national customs and habits of thought; the linguistic, founded on their colloquial command of the language; the climatic, founded on their ability to endure the enervating influence of tropical conditions; and the financial, founded on the relatively insignificant salaries which they require when compared with European and American mISSIOnaries. That native agents are the key to the missionary enterprise is universally admitted; but it appears to me that societies anrl individual missionaries are not devoting that unremitting attention to the question of securing a regular and increasing supply of native workers which the recruiting sergeant gives to the problem of securing a steady flow of volunteers. The matter of training these native workers, not so much intellectually as morally, is one which demands the most scrupulous and prayerful effort; for it is hardly an exaggeration to say that upon the character so formed depends the ultimate worth or worthlessness of all our toil.

A WORD ABOUT MISSIONARY STRATEGY.

A word must suffice on the missionary strategy which the present continental situation in Africa demands. A bold and comprehensive scheme for the immediate occupation of the unoccupied areas of the continent is the first essential. 'l'here are at least five areas, in my estimation, which should be immediately invaded. Three of these I have crossed; the other two I know by report only.

First I mention the Westm'n Sudan, including part of Northern Nigeria, the northern section of Kamerun, and the Shari-Chad region of French Equatorial Africa. This area is heavily peopled by intelligent and enterprising pagan tribes, who are in imminent danger of being overwhelmed by the wave of Mohammedan conquest.

Next comes North Oongoland, peopled by a number of tribes, of which two stand out prominently, the Azandeh and the Mangbetu. In this region the Africa Inland Mission and the Heart of Africa Mission have already gained a footing, but large areas are still unoccupied.

Thirdly, I mention Oentral Oongoland, between the Sankuru and Lualaba rivers-an extensive territory, extending southward to the Congo-Zambesi Divide and occupied as yet by no Protestant mission, though the Belgian Protestants contemplated commencing a mission here before the war put an end to their schemes. Finally, I would describe as needy areas-though not from personal knowledge-the territories of Portuguese Angola in the west, and of Portuguese East Africa on the east of the continent. * NOTE.-The Methodist Episcopal Church has already entered the southern part of the Belgian Congo and e:>:peets to care for the territory from the Congo-Zambesi Divide north to about 70· S. latitude and from the Kassai River east to the Cape to Cairo Railway. and the Lualaba River north of Bukama. Also the Methodist Episcopal Church South is entering the territory north of the above district between the Lualaba and Sankura, but with most of their work near the Sankura.-J. M. SPRINGER.

These five areas call for occupation with the least possible delay. Strategically considered, the need of the Sudan is the most urgent of all. There are already 60,000,000 of Mohammedans in Africa and they are daily adding to their numbers with a celerity which must appal us. Islam offers the African a higher culture than he knows, a purer religion than he professes, an ethics nobler than the pagan, and yet less stern and unyielding than the Christian. It describes itself as being in a pre-eminent degree the black man's religion. It is the most formidable foe with which Christianity has to contend in the Dark Continent. The future conflict in Africa will not be between Christianity and Paganism, but between Christianity and Mohammedanism.

If in the Sudan Christianity has most to dread from the advance of Mohammedan culture, in the rest of Africa it has most to dread from the onward march of European civilization. Africa is in process of swift transformation. Do what we will, civilization is penetrating to its remotest recesses. Its advance signifies inevitably the breaking up of old beHefs, the removal of ancient landmarks, the relaxation of agelong sanctions. The African is on the way to complete moral bankruptcy and if we are to rescue him we must act decisively and instantly. We must introduce other and higher sanctions and safeguards. We must take him the gospel of a new life and train him in the principles of Jesus Christ.

I would fain end upon a note of hope. "After all your travels in Ceutral Africa," said a lady to me, with a skeptical shake of the head, "do you still think we ought to evangelize the blacks?" It is too late to put that question. The missionary enterprise is in full operation. Protestants and Catholics-there are 12,000 missionaries at work in Africa today. But they stand faCing overwhelming forces-60,000,OOO of Mohammedans and twice that number of pagans. Nevertheless, they are making progress, most encouraging progress.

'Vould you know whether the missionary enterprise in Africa is succeeding, take stock of the churches already established. Hi monumentum requirisJ circllmspice. Visit the Basel Mission on the West Coast, the American Missions in Kamerum and on the Kassai, the Baptist Missions on the Congo, the Church Missionary Society in Uganda, and the Presbyterian Missions in Nyasaland and you shall see results that will gladden the heart and silence forever all doubts as to the efficacy of mission work. The missionary enterprise needs no wordy apologetic. Its deeds are its defense; its acts are its argument; its achievements are its apologetic. And all the glad results of past endeavors must impel us to redoubled effort in the future, in faith and hope, in gratitude and in obedience.

MACKENZIE AND HER "BUSHCAR" IN WEST

A Spiritual Clinic In Africa BY MISS JEAN MACKENZIE, METET, WEST AFRICA Author of "Black Sheep," "An African Trail," etc.

AT the conference for evangelists at Elat, in December, there were 574 evangelists and 379 wives. If I seem not to have written . much about it, that is because it was too big to write about so soon. I am still getting my breath. Those nine hundred people all looked at us with that combined demand which is like a wave coming in from the sea. You dig your toes into the platform to meet it. We white women looked after the women. But at noon I used to sit in the great church where Mr. Johnston met with somewhat over 500 evangelists to answer their questions on the practice of their profession. It used to delight me that the men were no less disorderly at this session than the women when I answered their questions. And the women, being only the wives of evangelists, married to their profession and sold to it, and not always people of a vocation, might have been expected to show poorer form than the men, besides being just women.

It was exciting to both these tribes to be able to pu~ their perplexities up to the doctor, and I never felt more the difficulties that torment them, in their quality of pioneer, than at those noon hours when Mr. Johnston must answer right off the bat the questions which I was likely to meet in the afternoon. We talked on different days about such practical matters as visiting the sick, comforting the mourners, addressing the passerby-when I think how to write of these things I know how little they reveal themselves in their local aspect and it is hard for me to speak further about them.

You see, with us the heathen do actually and exactly rage; they do, to the immense horror and disaster of their townspeople, "imagine a vain thing." Blood and tears lay the dust of the village street in moments of emergency when there seems to be a call for action and, when it seems best for the common good, to deal without gloves. And there stands the evangelist who must not interfere with custom, with the authority of the headman, with "another's thing" bought and paid for, and now to "be the goat." I suppose you know that the goat, so much a joke with us, was not originally a joke. When you live here you see the grim shape under the pantaloon of more than one joke. Well, here is the evangelist from backwaters of the forest, on his feet in the shadow of the great roof of Elat Church, his hand urgently stretched out to Mr. Johnston on the platform, waiting his chance to ask how he is to deal with the goat. Is he privileged to rescue the goat? And Mr.•Johnston to whom the goat, in the pitiful form of widows in the ashes, babies whose mothers have died, ilittle girls sold for marriages, bewitched unhappy people-·poor Mr. Johnston must ans,wer for the twentieth time that half hour that really the evangelist must use discretion in his function of shepherd. The benefit of the church as sanctuary is certainly limited. After all, the evangelist is not a potentate, though his heart very much draws him to the exercise of all the temporal power that a priest may acquire, and the danger of a hierarchal development is not absent from our pastoral system.

SOME CURIOUS QUESTIONS All this white man's wisdom colors every answer of Mr. Johnston when he stands to answer the questions of the evangelists. I hope you don't think that all our evangelists are terribly clever-many of them are certainly the silly babes of the promise and rise solemnly to ask: "May the bereaved wail on Sunday?" "I~et them wail on Sunday," says Mr. Jolmston with a kind of weary patience, "as if it were another day." "What shall we do," a woman asks me at my own clinic, "when the townspeople beat the widows, but will stop if the Christians will pay them? Because in our hearts we very much pity the widows, but we do not know if it is right to pay them." I say very firmly, because my heart certainly pities the widows, that the townspeople are not to be paid, as they would certainly then find other widows to beat. "We too have said so," assents the woman, but she is not happy in her wisdom and still looks at me with shadowed eyes. This type of blackmail is ancient; it used to be imposed upon the relatives of the widow, but has been revived for the benefit of the Christians. It is hard for my women not to be personal in their questions. When we speak of the things of consolation there is one and another woman on her feet to say:

A SPIRITUAL ,CLINIC IN AFRICA

"Tell me what to do, my mother is old, she is all I have, no one else remains to me but just my mother, we are just two, and I know that soon she must die-I ask you how shall I bear that sorrow?"

I turn over the leaves in the hand-book which Mr. Johnston has just got out, and I read to her that verse which says in the Bulu: "I will not leave you orphaned, I will come to you," and for a minute we speak of the loss of father and mother. That is so unique, because husbands can always be replaced in this counhy, and because a woman who has borne one child may perhaps bear another, but who will ever mother and father us again?

Thus we strive to widen our sympathies, as we must do, if we are indeed to serve. And the women look at me with soft eyes and sigh, BIBLE READE'RS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN MISSION AT A SEVEN WEEKS' TRAINING SCHOOL, WEST AFRICA MISSION and say to one another that even the white women know. Well, it is my opinion that the white women can hardly know the forlorn orphanage of this country, where every human being may profit by the sale of women but a woman's mother.

We speak of the duties of women to orphaned babies. Mrs. Hope has been talking of the care of children for an hour each morning, and her pleas must have gone home, for Mendus, young, intelligent, very earnestly a Christian, happy in a good husband and a baby, rises to say that she has never taken thought for the babies of dead mothers until now, and if now she should indeed rise up to pity and to care for

them, will the Lord forgive her the things of the past? It is hard, you see, for us to be anything but personal.

Here is a common matter of question: "My husband has brought into the house a poor oppressed widow, she lives with us until her affairs are settled-but will she help me at the garden work or the housework? Not she. And she is cross to the children. I don't say that I grudge the help we can give her, for she is certainly to be pitied. The scars on her body are only now healing and if we don't help her no one will, but I ask you how am I to put up with her?"

To this question, as with all questions which bear upon quarrels, I "pussy-foot." I remind the women that hatred, like a child, is never born of one parent. But in my own heart I despise that widow-her vices are so familiar.

Well, excitement runs high at our clinic, disorder breaks out at the more vital queries, and when every heart is awake there begin to come to the surface the passionate questions about envy. Yes, when these hearts give up the fundamental bitterness it is seen to be envy. How to cope with the envy we meet and the envy we feel. It is well at this point to let Christ reveal himself, who could pass all the traders in Jerusalem and never grieve that He might not adorn Himself with their bright wares; who was obscure; who was so little popular with the elders of the church in his own town; who never had a child. We do well at this point to remember the Lord Jesus. This remembrance subdues us and tempers the heat of our hearts' fires.

We go out into the later afternoon, where the young girls of the neighborhood have been caring for our many darling babies. We reclaim these and go back to our crowded quarters down by the "engine" or over in the school town, softened surely by a sense of that presence which has not been absent from the "big meeting" at Elat. The evangelists and their wives say that there must be every year a meeting for them. That is their version of the "three tabernacles" that were to have been the permanent home of those three disciples if Christ had not been a. wanderer and a Master of wanderers.

So back again by the many ways of the forest the evangelists and their wives have gone with that leisurely domestic gait that we Bulu call "woman's walk," with their little packs of treasures new and old. Tbese they will be displaying this very night by the light of the one lantern in the town, in the towns of how many tribes, and to the admiration of how many faithful hearts.

AN INCIDENT TOLD BY A MEDICAL MISSIONARY.

A native African soldier captured several women and cocking his gun said: "If there is a woman here who dares to say she is a Christian I will shoot her on the spot. Now who is a Christian?"

One woman held up her hand and said, "I am." "Stand out here," said the soldier, and when the woman stepped out he said, "You may go free, for you must be the real thing."-The Missionary Voice.

OF A FACTORY IN FRANCE BLOWN UP BY HINDENBURG BEI!'ORE HIS

Witnessing Protestants of Belgium BY REV. HENRI ANET, PH.D. Delegate of the Huguenot Committee in America A MARTYR is a sufferer, but he is also and primarily a witness, ac- cepting the suffering willingly and not in blind and passive obedience. "This war is teaching us a great lesson," writes a French soldier to his pastor, "we understand and feel now how much Christ did suffer to save humanity."

Another Protestant soldier writing to his mother: "Under shell· fire, I have become a witness for Christ."

In October, 1917, I saw OUr Belgian soldiers again at tIle front in Flanders and in the devastated regions of Northern France. Every· where their calm heroism is admirable. In a letter to his mother a young French Protestant writes: "I am not afraid of death; I have made the sacrifice of my life without fear."

A Belgian Protestant chaplain could say: "Our roldiers are be-

having to the credit of their country and of their church." Another chaplain told me that in his division there were only forty-five Protestant soldiers when he arrived, while now he has on his roll one hUlltll~d and twenty-three, in spite of the fact that the Catholics can more easily obtain favors. We have a number of mission stations at the front and in the war zone of Flanders and Belgium. There are still one hundred and three stations and out-stations under German regime. At the post of duty and danger our pastors, their devoted wives, and our deaconesses are ministering to the needs of the fear-stricken people materially as well as spiritually. With very small salaries, they are upholding the banner of Christ with great hardship owing to the great cost of living.

AFTER A GERMAN BOMBARDMENT, MEOHLIN, BELGIUM Recently the population of Northern France was evacuated into Belgium. They were received with splendid generosity by the impoverished Protestant congregations. Nothing is left of the property and homes of these poor people. The able-bodied men, women and girls above fourteen years old are being used by the Teutons as slaves under the hardest conditions. Mothers and children, the maimed and the aged are sent back to France through Switzerland. At the Swiss border and in Paris our agents and deaconesses are helping to care for· these unfortunates, whose distress baffles description.

Those who remain under German yoke do not desire peace and personal freedom at the cost of national honor and international righteousness. One of them, belonging to the church at St. Quentin writes from a prison in Germany: "In spite of the awful anxiety, I am keep-

WITNESSING PROTESTANTS OF BELGIUM

WHERE THE BELGIANS MUST RE~ESTABLISH THEIR CHURCHES AT DRESLINCOURT The Only Family Found Living In the Ruins of the Village ing an unshakable confidence in God, who is overruling all things. I equip myself with patience. Je suis incapable de decouragement/'

Our mission stations have become centers of popular education. With the help of devoted laymen, our pastors are teaching the unemployed (nine~tenths of our men are out of work) reading, arithmetic, history, geography and English. Our pastors are in great demand as lecturers in the "People's Universities." They are contributing greatly to keeping up the morale of all classes of the population.

Many members of our churches are among the workmen deported into Germany where every means has been used to force them to sign what the Germans term "free contracts of labor." They have been starved, flogged, two hundred of them packed for forty-five hours in a closed room with just place to stand, etc. They resisted courageously and were worthy of their ancestors-the Huguenots persecuted for conscience's sake. In many cases, some of our Protestant workers organized prayer meetings in the prison camps.

rt is more necessary than ever to uphold the banner of the Gospel. "The nation that wins this war," said a German prisoner, "is the one with the strongest nerves." In distress, torture and danger what nerve

tonic can be compared with the Gospel of our Saviour? To gain a real victory we must bring our people nearer to Jesus Christ. Friends in A.merica must not only encourage and support them with their armies, but must help to re-establish them in their homes and their churches.* We trust that new nations will come out of the ashes, but they must be built on character. To rebuild them, to make them stronger than before the war, we need men-real men. The only power able to do that work is the Gospel of the Son of God. That is the reason why our Protestant churches have their special mission in these momentous times. They give back to our fellow-citizens the old Gospel of the Huguenots, which has established Christian democracy in the world.

No book is so little read, so utterly unknown by many in our nations, as the Bible. Under the spiritual revival brought about by the war, many are eager to get a personal knowledge of the Word of God. Writing from Brussels in December, 1917, Rev. Kennedy Anet, the general secretary of the Belgian Missionary Church, says that many people, often of the higher classes, visit our pastors to inquire about the Gospel, that many buy the Word of God from the Evangelical Bookseller at Brussels, that in the provinces the colporteurs have exhausted all their supply of biblical portions. As a proof of the high type of our living Christian citizens I quote two testimonies.

The first was written from Flanders by a Belgian Protestant chaplain. "During the last two years at the front," he wrote, "I met many young men from your Belgian churches. I was struck by their deep piety, their fine moraility; they are elite; they have won the respect of the whole army. I have received from them more than I could give them."

The other proof of the efficiency of our work may be found in the heroism of a young patriot whom the Germans condemned to death last Spring. He was a member of the church at Charleroi and of German descent. He was condemned for exactly the same "crime" as Miss Cavell: helping wounded soldiers of the Allies to escape to Holland. For a long and painful trial, he took all the responsibility upon himself and saved the life of his accomplices. The night before his execution he wrote several letters. To his daughter: "When you are grown up never forget that your daddy died thinking of that Jesus and trying to love his own people as the Savior did."

To his brother: "I can assure you that nothing is finer nor safer than to follow Christ. He is the one who gave me the strength to live through the painful weeks of imprisonment, and who will soon give me the courage to die like a man."

*The American Huguenot Committee represents the Belgian Missionary Church the Central Evangelical Society of France, and the Evangelistic Committee of the Free Church of France. Dr. William J. Schiell'elin is chairman and Edmond E. Robert is treasurer, 3 Maiden Lane, New York.

Struggle for Democracy In China*

BY PROF. CHANG PO-LING, OF TIENTSIN, CHINA This address, by one who has been called "The Arnold of China," is a clear state- ment of the forces that are making for stable self-government in China. Mr. Chang is· one of the leading educMors in China, the head of a large school for boys in Tientsin and one of the influential Christian leaders of the 1IMion.-EDITOR.

I HAVE come to this country only about five months, but I have been often asked by my dearest American friends a question which is like this: Do you think that the republican government can stand in China? That is a very hal'd question to answer. Some- times I answer: "I think it can stand. I hope it will. As a citizen of China I will work for it. I will die for it if necessary."

But after answering in this way, I have thought within myself: Why do the people in America ask such a question. I am reminded that many people in China even now have little confidence in the new Republican Government. I used to argue with them. I said: "If you have no confidence in the republican government, do you think that a monarchical government can be restored?" It is very hard fora Manchu to be put again on to the throne after he has been put out, because Manchus are very weak now.

Last summer General Chang-Hsun disregarded the peop~e's opin- ion and tried to restore the ex-emperor Hsuan-Tung, but even the Manchus, the imperial family, did not like it, because they knew they had no force to support them. No one in this world, of course, except Chang-Hsun when he fell, would believe that a Manchu ruler will be restored to the throne. Impossible.

Yuan Shi Kai was known to be the strongest man in China. He tried to create himself an emperor, but he failed. I think that no Chinese will dare to try that, not at least for fifty years, because the thinking man now in China is on this side. Considering these two facts. monarchical government is absolutelY dead in China.

If I were asked: "How long do you expect that China can have an ideal government which is of the people, by the people, for the people," my answer would be, I don't know. If I compare conditions in China with what is necessary to make a strong, real republican government. I see that we have not :vet an ideal government. The mass of the neon11" in China are iQ'llorant and it is very hard to make a . g'Overnment of the peonll", hv the neonle. ThrollQ'h their long history file Chinese have hel'll indifferent to political affairs: that is another ilifficl11tv. T·f)!'1t of all, the ~hinese peopJe are poor j as Dr. Eliot said, they are too poor to be ~!'Ood. Oh, poor ~hina, poor China! Could it ',AIl Ad.dTe~~ at the Missionarr Rece~tlon! Hotel Savoy. New York, .:ranuarr 14, 19l8,

stand without a government? I think not. May she be unfortunately governed by the Powers, or by one foreign Power? I hope not.

Let me relate to you something about my own life. I have been a Christian only for ten years. Before that time I was not antagonistic t()wards Christianity, but I did not believe it. I was born in China, just in its period of transition, for the Chinese as a nation have had bitter experiences, from foreign aggressions. When I was about twenty I thought that the highest virtue that a man had was patriotism. But I saw the corruption of our government, the selfishness of the officials, the ignorance of the people, and the vices of the leaders. I t made me extremely pessimistic. One time I thought that it would be better for me to preach a doctrine like this: I thought this world materially is a good world; but there are men living in this world, so it makes the world bad. All vices and all things happen to this world on account of men. To get rid of these vices from the world is to get rid of all these men. So I said: If a man or a woman is born in this world, they are born to sutIer many things, but death is the last thing which men or women have to suffer. The best thing is not to have children born for this world. We may ask the doctors to find some means to prevent this. Although we can have marriage, no birth will be given. In a hundred years' time the world will be free from men. It will be pure. Fortunately, America sent some of the college graduates to China to start the Y. M. C. A. Some of them helped me to teach Chinese boys. I found that they had the spirit of love and service. It aroused my admiration. I asked them, "How do you get it?" They said they were Christians. I did not believe it, and tried to find from the teaching of Confucius and Buddha some way to get such kind of spirit, but I could not. At last I was convinced; and I was won by their spirit.. I became a Christian. I was an extreme pessimist before I was converted, but afterward I was an extreme optimist. I found the way how to save our nation-through Jesus Christ. That is all; very simple. Once you turn your head you will see the Face, no matter how far you have gone. I have now a great hope in my life. I have a great hope for our country. Although it may seem impossible, with the light of Jesus Christ I can see the bright side of things, with His power I think man can do things which are considered impossible. The idea of democracy, I believr, came with the teaching of Chris· tianity to China. I can give one instance. In my native city of Tientsin there wa~ a man, about fifteen years ago, who was a great scholar. He said that if this new doctrine spread in China then there would .,e no room for the emperor to exist. because in the teaching of Jesus'

Christ von would find the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man. He is quite right. This new idea of democracy, of equalitr, came to us from the teaching of Christianity. Some of my fellow countrymen may not agr('e with me. They may say in the teaching of Confucius

THE STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY IN CHINA

you can find something about democracy. The facts cannot be ignored. Did the Confucius say that all men are made equal? No, but he be· lieved that a government ought to be for the people. He believed to a certain extent that a government ought to be of some of the people– not all. But he did not say that a government ought to be by the people. Probably he knew the difficulty of running the political machine, so he decided not to teach us to run it. His conception of democracy is not so fuU, not so strong as in the teaching of Christianity.

A little over fifty years ago there was the Tai-ping rebellion. It did not succeed in putting down the Manchu dynasty, but it gave the Chinese people a hint that the despotic ruler was not at all good for a nation. In 1911, the last revolution broke out in China, and in a short time the emperor was put out of the throne. The first thing they did was to change the name of their country. They used to call themselves "The Middle K,ingdom." They did not know the world is round and thought that they were the center of this earth. But after they put out their Manchu emperor they called their country the "Country of the People." The country belongs to the people at large, not to one nor to a class. This year is the seventh year of the Country of the People; that is, The Republic of China. To an optimist like myself, the results that have been wrought by the great and small revolutions have been favorable to the people. There are still some notorious enemies of the republican government. Some of them have been thrown down by God, like Yuan Shi Kai and others we hope gradually will be out of power. The younger generation believes that the country should be a country of the people, not of one person or one class, but should be a country of the people. I hope that the two parties will soon unite and discuss constructive work.

In the constructive work two things are very important. One is education, to educate the people to be fit for the republican government. Of course that goal is a long way off.

The second thing is the development of our natural resources. The people should not be so poor. They have abundant natura} resources in the ground.

But to carry out these things we need leaders-unselfish, true leaders. "Ve have to thank the Americans who have been helping us to train our young men. About a thousand Chinese students have returned from this country and are working in China, and there are fourteen hundred now studying in this country. I hope that you people will give them the inspiration to make them true, unselfish, leaders, in order to solve these great problems for China, for their country, for this world.

THE NEW PRESB,YTElRIAN GIRL'S SCHOOlr–BEFORE AND AFTER The remaining walls were thrown down by subsequent shocks. The beautiful new Hospital and Nurses' Training School suffered similar fate THE PRESBYTJjlRIAN CHURCH BEFORE AND AFTER The church was supposed to be earthquake proof. The Press' Building is at the left. Mission presses remained intact on the second lioor of the building. DEMOLISHED BY THE GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE

of the Guatemala

BY THE REV. STANLEY WHITE, D.D., NEW YORK_ Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions I T was at the special request of President Barrios that the Amer- ican ~resbyterian Ohurch established a mission in Guatemala in 1882. This fact gives to Protestant Missions a distinct advantage in conducting religious work in Guatemala, for the missionary has free access to the favor of all the officials from the President down. Today, after thirty-five years, the Presbyterian Mission has two main stations and eleven missionaries, six out-stations, 150 or 175 communicants and 1,000 adherents. Last Ohristmas, at the time of the earthquake~ the Mission had, in Guatemala Oity, a modern girls' boarding school and a new hospital and -training school~ a large well built church, a mission house and a press building. All of these were destroyed by the repeated earthquake shocks that threw down practically every build- ing in the city.

The serious loss that this means to the people of Guatemala is indi- _cated by the fact that in the three and one-half years since the hospital was built it has cared for 530 cases, there have been 6,587 prescriptions given in the hospital clinic, 1,235 surgical dressings have been put on, and over 1,200 visits have been made to outside patients. The record for last year was as follows: LJ [ [!! '2651 Out-patients treated. 19(X) Prescriptions to office patients. 285 Visits to homes of the sick. 142 In-patients treated.

This hospital is the only Christian institution of the kind for the nearly six million people in Central America.

The outlook for the future was full of promise when on December 25th, 1917, one of the most severe earthquakes that has ever visited Guatemala destroyed all the Mission property in the capital and made 100,000 people homeless. The church, press building, missionaries'

homes, school and hospital were all wrecked, compelling the missiona· ries to live in temporary shacks hastily erected to meet the emergency.

Rev. Edward H. Haymaker, a missionary on the scene, gives a vivid de- scription of the catastrophe. • On the evening of December 24th, everyone in Guatemala was brought to his feet with what might-best be described as a merciless spank with a padded 2×12 plank, a sudden wicked bump from below that seemed to say to everyone, Get up! The ne:x;t night at 10 :45 came another, shortly followed by a terrific shaking, or earth ague, that sent to the ground great numbers of the weakest honses of the city, im- portant parts of most all the others, knocked d& Nn towers and domes of churches, wrecked public buildings, shook down poles and wires

and played havoc generally. That was but the beginning. Up to today (February 9th) there have been six terrific quakes, interspersed with innumerable smaller ones of varied intensity, minutes or even hours apart, at other times an almost continuous tremor.

Each shock not only brought down, on its own account, many of the walls, but loosened and threw out of plumb a great deal for sue· ceeding shocks to finish. There is probably not a house in the city that is not somewhat injured; ninety-nine per cent of them are dangerous to enter. In certain sections most of the street walls are standing, though the interior walls are cracked or tumbled. li'ew of the standing walls can be safely used again. The larger buildings of course suffered most. And such destruction! Forts, railroad station, theatres, markets, barracks, colleges, jails, penitentiary, post office, custom house, hall of records, national palace, municipal buildings, hospitals, asylums, hospices, the twenty-eight Catholic and the two Protestant churches, ~onuments, fountains, overhead tanks, factories, stores, telephone and telegraph plants, electric light wires-everything pitched and tumbled or wrecked far beyond the point of safety-cemeteries with their mausoleums wrenched open and the dead tumbled out ruthlessly in all stages of decomposition and in all positions and attitudes, streets impassable from the debris of the fallen walls, menacing walls to right and left, broken water mains, a hopeless tangle of telephone wires now silent and electric wires now dead-the whole conglomeration forming one of the most horrid pictures of chaos and desolation that the most finicky demon of all pandemonium could order for his amusement.

How does an earthquake feel? In all our human experiences we are accustomed to take the solid earth for granted, as the one thing that can be depended on to catch us, no matter what else may prove false. There is a peculiar, indescribable "all gone" feeling when one finds that the very earth can no longer be trusted. The actual shaking experience is about what one would feel if shut up in a box and compelled to take a ride on the back of a bucking broncho for some seconds or minutes. It is usually heralded by a horrible premonitory rumbling for a second or so, probably due to the sound waves traveling faster than the terrestrial vibrations, a rumbling that increases in intensity and terror till the quake catches up and the fracas itself is on. The lights all go out, turned off by the managers of the plant to prevent death from contact with the fallen wires; the iron roofing begins to rattle; tiles smash on the pavement; doors jam so that they cannot be opened; dishes, lamps and bric·a-brae begin to smash; the furniture takes to pitching around; wardrobes tumble over on their faces; pictures fall from the wall; book shelves pitch their cargo into the middle of the room as if in disgust; pitchers and pails empty themselves regardless of results; dogs begin to bark, and, if at night, roosters all take to crowing like wild; cattle begin to bellow and babies to cry and women

RESULTS OF THE GUATEMALA EARTHQUAKE

to scream; men yell orders, usually foolish ones; windows smash to smithereens; walls crash to earth or sway like drunken men; loose brick and adobes keep falling on prostrate doors and roofing like clods on a pauper's coffin. Rising above all the terrors and the uncanny noises, can be heard the weird and terrified crescendo and cadence of innumerable frightened old women religiously repeating their incantations to their favorite saints in whose miraculous power they have confidence, in pious disregard of the fact that the said miraculous images are at that instant lying in very unmiraculous splinters under forty tons of shivered church wall. Amidst the clatter and confusion, a piercing shriek of distress may now and again be distinguished-some wretch has been caught by a falling wall, or some dear one is imprisoned and sure to be crushed, or some relative is missing and believed by frantic friends to be under the ruin, dead or worse. The air is laden with shrieks of distress till the missing one perchance comes up from behind, and taps the shrieker on the shoulder with a mild request to make less noise_ After the first lull, the streets are alive with people rushing frantically, and sometimes calling for acquaintances who are lost or whose condition is unknown. Probably more people lose their lives in this way than in any other. One man, safely out, went back for his bottle of whiskey and was caught by a falling wall and killed. To visualize, you must fill the air to opaqueness and suffocation with dust from crumbling adobes and plaster, which greatly increases th~ horror and multiplies the discomfort.

With the first severe quake, everyone fled to the parks, boulevards, open squares and fields adjoining the dty, to escape the imminent menace of the falling walls. The next day when the quakes had subsided somewhat, many stole back at risks of their lives to get some of their valuables and some of the most necessary clothing and utensils. The flight necessarily took place with very scant supply of food, clothing and bed covering. Those who had families, and those who had no money, of course, had to stay near the City, but those who had relatives in other towns, and had the means, took the train for some place else; often going out like Abraham, not knowing whither they went, for they "looked for a city that hath foundations" instead of the one that was shaken.

The Government was shaken out of house and home, like everybOdy else, but showed remarkable activity in gathering itself together and taking steps to master the situation. Almost from the first, order has been preserved, food supplies have been looked after, red cross and other relief work organized, efforts made to handle the sanitation problem, menacing walls thrown down, streets promptly cleared, guards set at places of special danger-in a word, the Government has shown itself decidedly efficient, considering the means at its disposal. There is still a great lack of roofing and bed-clothing, since these things are mostly :of foreign manufacture_ The first thing for each family was to improvise

a house. Even Diogenes had to have his tub. The first earthquake house is usually improvised with three sticks and a blanket-if one has the blanket and the sticks. Four sticks and a carpet is luxury, and any con- traption covered with sheet iron roofing is palatial. Industry at first was entirely disorganized, the wrecked banks were out of b.usiness, and there was no money to buy anything, and nothing to buy. Wealthy men were walking the streets or lying in the fields without a dollar in hand or obtainable. This was soon remedied, for the banks opened in pro- visional booths, and business houses began to dig out their wares, and work became plenty. As the rainy season approaches, the great relief needed is sheet roofing to protect th~ people from rain. Several hundred thousand sheets of steel roofing sent down and sold at cost would be the finest charity that could be devised.

Many of the reports that have been published have been exagger- ated. The big bridge is not down nor even injured, and the deaths have been limited to some three hundred. There is unquestionably great suf- fering, but the better classes feel it most. The poorer and working classes had no home before, and were often starving, but had no earthquake to blame it on. Now the starving have food, and he who can steal a square of roofing has his house as good as usual without paying rent. The better classes are brought down to the level of their poorer neighbors and are not used to it. To the cradle and the tomb, we can safely add the earthquake as a great leveler. An Indian blanket that he laughed at before makes a fine overcoat for. a fop. A millionaire has no compunctions in "hitting" a friend for a dollar. Collars went out of style early by process of exhaustive elimination. Everybody is yellow with dust from the knees down-and up.

Yet. with all this relentless destruction, this ruthless wrecking of plans, this rude bumping around against one's will, one needs all his recreational piety, all his sense of humor and all the force of his philosophy to hold himself in check and keep sweet. The perpetual strain caused by the unaccustomed bracing for a big knock-down quake at any moment, the loss of all one's earthly belongings, or many of them, as is the case with most, the wreck of all one's plans and ambitions in a moment and then the gradual soaking of it all into consciousness through subsequent weary weeks, the continual change of conditions resulting in an entire change of plans and need of quick action, and above all the general air of discouragement in the public spirit, all this gradually gets on. the strongest nerves, unless one is a character of iron, or is sustained by unusual grace. So many unconsciously grow jagged and cross. Women take crying spells and men become quarrelsome. The happiest of all are the children who do not appreciate either the danger, the loss or the responsibility. Even in this riot of desolation, the humorous bobs up at every turn to help us out.

lt is remarkable how quickly the logic of a great disaster is foro.

gotten. While one of these big shakes is on, there is probably not a soul in the city that believes in masonry houses. Within a week after, they are making plans to use adobes and brick houses because they are cheap. Within a year the City will be rebuilt, mostly of masonry, and within three years a second story will be added, and plans made for a third. They always do. It is the time now for rational people to heed the lesson that has been so roughly read us, and avoid structures in the future that court disaster.

The extent of the disaster is greater than is ordinarily supposed by eye-witnesses. Some towns outside the Capital have been destroyed, though not many. Of course, any city of 100,000 people, with all its homes, its public utility and public buildings wrecked, and some seventy per cent. of its furniture smashed, has suffered losses far up into the millions. But Guatemala is the capital of a region as large as New England. The next city is less than one-fourth its size. Everything important in the nation, governmental,. financial, industrial, educational, religious, legal, social, literary, artistic, even punitive and vicious has its main plant and sphere of action in the capital. It is not merely like a capital with us. It is Washington, New York, Chicago, San Francisco and more, all combined. It is as ancient Rome was to the Empire. It is the nation itself. Hence this is a solar plexus blow, not to a city, but to a nation. The Republic has been hit hard right where its vitals are. The remarkable mercy is that so few casualties have resulted in so general a destruction, so national a disaster. Five or six thousand deaths were due with so extensive a disaster, but it scarcely reached three hundred.

So many years had elapsed since previous disastrous earthquakes that this one came as a surprise. The old capital at Antigua was twice destroyed, in 1541 and 1773, and Quezaltenangoin 1802. In the early days the people, hoping to "convert" the volcanic mountain that was threatening their lives, went out headed by the Roman Catholic priests and baptized it, receiving it into the Papal Church. Evidently it has fallen from grace, for this time it has delivered its most destructive blow.

The indomitable courage of the missionaries is shown in the zeal with which they have undertaken the work of relief and reconstruction. One writes: "I believe the earthquake has done a wonderful thing in my life for me. It has put all temporal things in their right place and and light, and the things that are eternal and cannot be shaken have a more real and solid place in my life."

Another missionary says: "Now when people's hearts are torn by fear and softened by suffering we have our great chance."

The Presbyterian Board Foreign Missions has sent out a call for $100,000 for the purpose of rebuilding the Church, Hospital, School and Press Building. This should be done immediately and we have faith that the Church at home will rise to the emergency.

$4,322.010 INCOME CHART I 1890 B. ST. JOHN INCOME $::; ,355.648 STATISTICAL BUREAU 1695 fOREIGN MISSIONS CONF'ER£NCE Tot a 25 MADISON AV£ •• N. v. amounts raised in Can- $6.204,355 ada and in the 1900 United States for missionary ft;8,459,653 work in Eu- 1905 rope, in Latin America, and in $11.946.218 the non-Chris- 1910 tian world.

.16.939,741 19115 I1JZO, 4;; '7',tsC 191'7' .,LUOfISO I Z 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II If 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 FOREIGN STA.~F" CHART II "THE ",ON-CHRISTIAN WORLD 2,408 FOREIGN STAFF 2 37 B. ST. JOHN Totals of so- STATISTICAL BUREAU cieties having rOREIGN MISSIONS CONfERENCE headquarters in Canada or in 25 MADISON AVL. N. Y. the United States wit h 4,057 Canadians and Americans un- 4.77::- d e r appoint- ment by inter- 6,661 national socie- ties. 19157 ~~_l~~!.89..3)J5006~~;;;;;;;;;;;;;~~ 20 2.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NATIVE:. STAF" CHART III THE NON-CHRISTIAN NATIVE STAFF B. ST, JOHN STATISTICAL 8UREAU Totals of so- FOREIGN MISSIONS CONfERENCE cieties having headquarters in 215 MADISON AVE,. N V Canada or in the Un i ted 1910 States; wit h those specially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1915 1!!!!!l1!i!l~_ ~~~—- 111!11 supported from these countries 1917 O~~~~~~~~~8 ~10~12~11~- 16~18~20~2~2 2~1- e~s Z~6 3~0 3~2 ~31-~36~36~40~~z~« through inter- -IS national socie- ties.

CHARTS OF FOREIGN MISSION PROGRESS

A Comparison in Missionary

BY REV. BURTON ST. JOHN, NEW YORK Director of the Statistical Bureau of the Foreign Mission Conference F OR several years the Foreign Missions Conference of North America has prepared a set of Home Base Statistics which have included the income of Foreign Missionary Societies and also a brief statement of the field statistics for these Societies. There hal'! been a demand that these statistics be changed somewhat to meet the changing situation in the missionary enterprise. Consequently during the past year the Statistical Bureau, organized by the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference, has carefully revised its plan of reporting. The statistics presented at the Garden City Conference were gathere(l according to this new basis.

These statilJtics were presented in three tables. The first indicated the incQmes of the Societies. As will be seen by the accompanying table, this totaled over $20,400,000. Of this amount $18,500,000 was given by living donors. The balance of nearly $2,000,000 indicates the incomes from legacies, endowments and other sources. Neither of these headings include the income of the societies derived from the mission fields. The grand total therefore represents, as far as it was possible to be ascertained, the amount given in Canada and in the United States for the carrying on of foreign missionary enterprises.

'Vithin the term "Foreign Missions" are included three groups of countries. First is Europe, excepting Turkey in Europe. Second is Latin America (West Indies, Mexico, Central America and South America). Third is the Non-Christian World (Turkey in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania). Under these three headings the field statistics for the Societies were presented.

Since several Home Missionary organizations work in the area included in Latin America, the income expended by these Societies in work in Latin America was included in the total of the $20,400,000. The field work of these societies was also reported under the heading f.latin America just as if they were called Foreign Missionary Societies.

The value of the separation of the report under these three headings will be seen at once. The work of the American societies in Europe is in general of a different type from that of their wor.k in the non-Christian World. The Latin American group was set by itself in order to meet the increasing needs of the Committee on Cooperation in I~atin America.

n is interesting to note that ther-e were 93 denominational organ- izations reported from Canada and t.he United States, not including the societies with varying grades of auxiliary relation wldeh did not make

independent reports. There were also 22 interdenominational socie- ties, if we define the term "interdenominational society" as an organization which works in the name of and recognizes responsibility to two or more denominational societies-e. g., The Student Volunteer Movement, The University of Nanking. Therefore there are 115 organizations which may be said to be under denominationl control.

In addition to these there are 47 societies which are independent of denominational control. Nearly all, if not all, of these organizations, however, draw their chief support from the membership of the various denominations and require of their missionaries that they be members of some evangelical church.

The largest income reported by a single society was $2,967,027. The average income of the societies recognizing denominational control is $170,000. However, since the incomes of these societies run to such extremes, the typical society would be one which has an income of about $30,000. In other words, there are as many denominational and interdenominational societies which have an income of less than $30,000 as there are which have an income of more than $30,000.

The largest income of an independent society is $193,690, the aver- age income of these 47 societies is_$27,000, while the typical society is one having an income of about $5,500. If one notes also that the total income of the independent societies is $1,125,000 and the in- come of the denominational and interdenominational societies is $19,- 300,000, one recognizes at a glance the fact. that the church member- ship of Canada and the United States believes most profoundly in the denominational or interdenominational control of missionary organizations. .

The accompanying charts give a view of the report for 1917, and also of statistics by five-year periods from 1890 worked out on a similar basis. We find that there has been a constant increase, not only in income, but also in the number of missionaries, the number of the native staff, the communicants, and the registration in schools of all grades. This period of twenty-seven years shows not only that there has been a steady increase but that. the rate of increase has been maintained. Indeed it has accelerated throughout the period. If one charts the percent of increase from one period to another he will discover that the rate of increase has been almost the same for each of these five points, altllOugh the increase in the income has been at a little higher rate than has been that of the field data. In the non- Christian world th~highest rate will be found to be with the communicants. The native staff has a slightly less rate of increase, the number in schools of all grades taking third place, while the foreign staff shows the lowest rate of increase.

The graphics for Europe, for Latin America and for the non- Ohristian world have been placed side by side in one chart. This has

A COMPARISON IN MISSIONARY STATISTICS

1690 B. ST. JOHN CHART IV 1895 STATISTICAL BUREAU COMMUNICANTS 1900 Iii-ill FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE Totals r e- Iii– 1905 ~iiii_ 25 MADISON AVE., N. V. ported by socie- ties h a v i n g 1910 headquarters in Canada or in the Un i ted States.

I1g9l1~1'~ I;;~;;J;I;;;;;;;;;;;~~J 9 been done for the purpose of showing the comparative bulk of the work as supported from Canada and the United States. This shows constantly throughout the four charts that the work in the non-Christian world bulks very much larger than in either Europe, or Latin America or in fact than in the two combined. This is of course as one would expect and feel to be quite necessary.

On the other hand, one should not be misled by the fact that the total increase from period to period in the non-Christian world is much larger than that in Europe and in Latin America. It does not follow from this that the percentage of increase is more rapid in the non- Christian world.

LATIN or ENROLLMENT IN SCHOOLS ALL GRADES WROP[ AMUlICA TH~ NON-CHRI5T1AN WORLD 1890 IIJl ~697 157,701 1895 ,964 ~,Z79 186,584 B. ST. JOHN CHART V STATISTICAL BUREAU ENROLLMENT IN FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE SCHOOLS OF v. 25 MADISON AVE., N. ALL GRADES 981 ~;218 224,451 Totals r e- 1900 ported by socie- ties h a v i n g 1905 Il'I48 ~o 2.7391C1 headquar:ters in Canada or in ~15 :ij59 379,041 the Un i ted States, but not 1910 including en – r oilmen t in e,561 50,213 498,952 Sunday-schools. iii. 1915 ~66 63SBZ7 1917 &010 .3 0 3 6 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 ~4 <7 30 33 36 J9 ~ 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 6Q

"Behind the Fighting Forces in France"

By GIPSY SMiTH, Evangelist A Y. M. C. A. Worker With the British Forces in France One of the London journalists, when I came back from the front, said to me: "Gipsy Smith, what is to be the attitude of the Y. M. C. A. and the churches?" I replied: "The communication trench."

If you could see our boys attend a Y. M. C. A. meeting just behind the lines, under the shell fire, you would not doubt my statement that they need and appreciate religious meetings. They flock to a service. It is far more easy to get them to a crowded meeting than it is to get some American men to attend church on Sunday morning.

If the churches are wise, they will use the Y. M. C. A. workers and huts for all they are worth. The Y. M. C. A. in Britain and France and America is the child of the churches. You never knew a rose bush jealous of the rose; you never knew an apple tree jealous of the apple; you never knew the sun jealous of the summer beauty and all that is glorious in your garden. Why should the church be jealous of the Y. M. C. A.? It is the child of the churches. When people say that the churches are failing and that they have done nothing in this war; point to the Red Triangle. It is an unanswerable argument for Christianity.

There is at the present time in America need for five thousand consecrated Christian men and women, who will don the uniform of the Y. M. C. A., submit to military authority and volunteer for this work in the camps and at the front. Today over twenty thousand men and women are working for Jesus Christ among the troops and the navy. Two-thirds of them are paying their own expenses and doing work for nothing-beautiful work.

Our soldier boys are splendid boys! .I love to serve them, whether it be with coffee or tea. We are pouring out two millions cups of tea per week. Your boys wlll want tea or coffee or malted milk, but I hope you will never give them strong drink; not a taste of it. We serve them with tea and coffee and cakes and chocolates and biscuits and "woodbines" and matches and candles and soaps and bachelor buttons and writing paper and envelopes. The British Army and Navy alone are receiving from the Y. M. C. A. huts twenty-five million pieces of stationery a month at the cost of from three to four hundred thousand dollars Per year. That is the best investment we can make. Fathers and mothers, sisters and sweethearts in America are getting writing paper and en- velopes from the boys bearing the Red Triangle and you should be glad to pay for it. The fifty million dollars raised in the drive before Christmas will soon be used up and you wil! be asked for another fifty million. Double it the next time. Your boys deserve it. We will never be out of their debt-it is too great.

~~~~~~"'~~'i80,~"~~"",.~~,,,~,,,,,,,,~~~,,,~,,~~,,,,,&,,':}'i;"'''~'''''~''*~,",~~,,~~~.~~~~ Please mention TIlE MISSIONARY REVIEW Qf' THE VORLD in writing to advertisers A SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF TH E LATE REV. GEORGE BROWN, D.D., SECRETARY OF THE AUSTRALIAN METHODIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY BY REV. JOHN G. WHEE:ti, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA General Secretary, Methodist Missionary Society of Australasia F OR nearly sixty years the Rev. George Brown was in- timately associated with the missionary movement in the South- ern Hemisphere. His services as an administrator classed with men such as Williams, Chalmers and Laws. He was born at Barnard Castle, Durham, England, on 7th December, 1835. His father was George Brown, Barrister at Law.

Leaving school at an early age, the son began a business career, but his mercurial temperament unfit- ted him for the restraints of ali office or warehouse and he looked with longing eyes toward distant lands. At sixteen years of age, he took to a sea-faring life and for four years he roamed about the GOORlm BROWN OF AUSTRALIA world, meeting with ma"Ily strange . experiences.

In 1855 he sailed for New Zealand in the Duke of PortlandJ among whose passengers were Bishop Selwyn and the Rev. J. C. Patteson, afterwards Bishop of Melanesia. Soon after his arrival in New Zea- land he experienced that change of heart and life which led him to consecrate his future to the service of God and in 1860 he became a candidate for the Wesleyan Methodist ministry. The same year he received his appointment as a missionary to Samoa, and thus, at the age of twenty-five, began a career of Christian service which, before it ended at the ripe age of eighty·one, was to be crowded with romance and incident, not unmixerl with privation and peril. Before leaving for Samoa he married Miss S. IJ. Wallis, daughter of the Rev. James Wallis. Friends know how much the veteran missionary, who has recently passed to his reward, owed to the modest, gracious and saintly lady who still survives him.

The first Methodist missionary (Rev. P. Turner) wa~ appointed to Samoa in 1835, but subsequently operations were suspended for several years, the mission being resumed in 1857. George Brown was therefore one of the early missionaries to this group where he spent fourteen years and gained an intimate knowledge of the Samoan language. Mr. Brown quickly won the confidence and the love of the Samoans, who discovered that the slender, alert man who had COme to live and labor in their midst was ready to give the people of the land a warm place in his heart, and to identify himself with every project which made for the social, moral or spiritual advancement of the country and its people. Savaii, the island where he was stationed, has from 300 to 400 mil~s of coast line, along which there are stretches of 20 to 30 miles where no landing can be effected. The sea which sweeps around the island is subject to violent gales and storms, and many of the openings in the reef are exceedingly dangerous. As much of the traveling had to be done in a small, open boat, the experience gained in his boyhood days as a sailor proved to be invaluable to the young missionary. His fearlessness in the presence of danger and his readiness in any emergency did much to win for him the confidence of the brown-skinned island boatmen. Dr. Brown describes the Samoans as "a very kind and lovable people, but very quick to resent an insult or injury," and on more than one occasion he witnessed, and assisted in quelling, tribal wars. The people were, for the most part, still in a semi-heathen state and to him, with others, was given the joy of leading them into the full light of the Gospel day.

He left Samoa in 1874, "after receiving innumerable proofs from the natives of the affection which they had for us and of the work which we had been permitted to do amongst them during so many troublous years of their history." On several occasions he revisited Samoa, the last occasion being in 1915, when the mission district became financially independent. The veteran was everywhere received with affectionate enthusiasm by the natives, some of whom still remembered "Misi Polouni," as they had been acc1istomed to call him. On his return to Sydney, Dr. Brown placed before the Methodist Mission Board his views on the extension of missionary operations in the Pacific, and it was decided to commission him to visit the islands of New Britain and New Ireland, the two principal islands of the Bismarck Archipelago, with a view to commencing a mission in that group. These islands form what was part of German New Guinea, at present occupied by the Australian Imperial Forces. He visited Fiii for the purpose of securing a band of Christian Fiiians as helpers and during this visit there occurred a remarkable incident, which is still talked of by the older residents of Fiji.

Dr. Brown gave au addrpl'1s Ht the Methodist Training Institute at Navuloa before a large assemblage of native students, some of them representing the flower of Fijian young manhood. He related the pur- A DANCE OF TIRE NEW BRITAIN ISLANDgRS pose of his visit, and detailed the hardships and perils awaiting any who might go to this foreign land with its hordes of untutored sava.ges. At the close of the address he wa.s about to make a personal appeal for volunteers when the resident missionary (Rev. J. Waterhouse) interposed, saying that the meeting would be adjourned until the next day, and that in the meantime the men must confer with their wives and friends, and give themselves to prayer. The following day · the whole company assembled again, after prayer for Divine guidance, the men were asked if any would now offer for this difficult and hazardous service. In response all of the students, numbering eightythree, rose to their feet as volunteers. The effect was wonderful. Six of the most suitable men were chosen. Considerable influence was brought to bear upon them to deter them, even the G.overnor of the colony taking care to impress upon the men the risks to health and life which they were facing, and insisting upon their taking further time to consider. But the men were immovable of purpose, and when again called before the Governor and asked their decision they answered: "Sir, we have given ourselves up to do God's work, and our mind to-day, sir, is to go with Mr_ Brown. If we die, we die; if we live, we live."

They sa.iled away and New Britain was sighted on Saturday, 14th of August, 1875. In the afternoon of the next day the anchor was cast in Port Hunter, a landing being effected on the Duke of York Island, and they held the first Christian service ever heard of in the group. A motley company of curious, naked savages clustered near the mis· sion party and looked on, half affrighted, at this strange sight. One of the Ii'ijians gave the address.

For six years Dr. Brown was identified with this mission, being engaged in pioneering work which called into action all his wonderful reserves of skill and judgment in dealing with native races. He under· took long and arduous journeys by land and sea, visiting without fear or hesitation fierce warrior chiefs and people, and bearing to one and all the uplifting message of the Gospel. Slowly but surely the hearts of the people were opened to receive the truth and he, and his fellow workers, had the joy of seeing station after station occupied by Christian teachers and the establishment of a flourishing and growing native church. At the time of Dr. Brown's death the Methodist Mission in the New Britain district reported 260 preaching places, with six European missionaries, nine other European workers, six native ministers, 249 native teachers, and nearly thirty-three thousand native attendants on public worship. In 1881 Dr. Brown returned to Australia for domestic reasons, and for a few years was engaged in the home ministry.

In 1887 Dr. Brown was appointed General Secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society of Australasia, a position which he held with conspicuous ability for twenty-one years. New missions were opened under his guidance in Papua in 1891 and in the Solomon Islands in 1902, both of which have proved to be successful and growing enterprises. More than once Dr. Brown visited England and hiE: face became familar on the missionary platforms of the Motherland. His latest visit was in 1913, as the Australasian Methodist representative to the Centenary celebration~ of the British Wesleyan Methodi~t Missionary Sodety. He was a conspicuous and popular member of the group of eminent men who then foregathered from many parts of the world. The leaders of other denominations also often lookeo to him for guidance, and well-known British statesmen turned to him for counsel when formulating their propoE:als for the better administration of affairs in the distant British colonies of the Pacific.

Dr. Brown's versatility also led llim along many paths of study and research. His contributions to ethnolog-y and anthropology are well known, and he was recognized as an authority upon the languages and customs of the Polynesians and Melanesians. He was hon<!reo by manv public societieR ann waR electeo a vire-preRiilent. of the BritiRh ann Foreig-n Rihle !"1ocietv. Tn 1908 he retireil from the active ministry. but was elected llOnorar-v secrrtarv of the society which he had Rervecl so long and so ably. In 1913 the General Conferenre of the Methodist Churrh of Anstralasia chose him as its presioent and he held this office up to his death, on the 7th of April, 1917.

CLAREMONT COMMUNITY CHURCH AND PAHISH HOUSE

A Community Church In California BY THE REV. PHILIP SMEAD BIRD, DOBBS FERRY, NEW YORK The Claremont Church, at tile foot of "Old Baldy," a snow-capped peak of the Sierra Madre Mountains, towering two miles above the sea will be forever connected in the minds of those who know the history of Southern California with Pomona College.

When the college, organized in Pomona in the fall of 1888, moved to the old boom hotel five miles north on an open stretch of desert land in the winter of 1889, there immediately arose a pressing need of a church. Pomona was too far away and there was nothing nearer. That great-hearted man, Dr. Charles Burt Sumner, who had retired as pas· tor of the Pomona Church .where the college had been born and organ· ized, became acting pastor of the Congregational Church in Claremont.

For many years the needs of Pomona College were so urgent that the thought of building a church was not allowed to gain ground. Every cent that could be put into the new college was given for that purpose. When the institution outgrew "Harmony Hall," where men and women lived and worked and played, the church moved with it into the recitation building, which supplemented the life of the old main hal1. Here it did a splendid work for sixteen years.

In 1905 the demands of the community had become so insistent that it seemed expedient to have a church building that might be known as the center of the religious life of the town.

It was erected in a short time and opened for worship in 1906.

So completely did this churcll enter into the life of the town and college from the very beginning that no one has ever thought seriously of estab- lishing another church. Orange growers, professors, merchants, stu- dents, tourists of all Christian creeds-all worship in perfect harmony and friendship beneath one dome. Man-made theology and speculation are not burning questions in the Claremont Church-Christianity is. Men and women must love God; they must see in Jesus Christ God's perfect rev,:elation of Himself to His children; they must attempt to carry into practise in their own lives the principles of Christ-like service and devotion which Jesus taught. There are no ecclesiastical wrangles. Everywhere there is a spirit of fraternity and good fellow- ship and sympathy. Life is as large and free and open as the country. All are welcomed who love the Lord Jesus Christ and desire to serve Him in sincerity and in truth. Sunday after Sunday, all thJ:1ough the year, men and women of mature thought, young people who are seek- ing for truth, crowd the doors of the temple. Twenty-one denomina- tions are represented in the membership of the church, of which there are over seven hundred members, besides others who attend its services . and enter into its work.

Dr. Henry S. Kingman came to Claremont in 1900 and continued in the pastorate until recently when he became pastor emeritus. He has had associated with him assistant pastors and a host of lay work- ers, both men and women, who hqve created or fostered parish activi- ties. Dr. Kingman has said many times that "the spiritual approach and the spiritual insistence" is the banner under which Claremont's army of citizens ought to march.

"What does the church do that makes it worthy of notice?" There is but one reply. It does everything-and yet it wants to do more.· It places supreme emphasis on worShip. Both morning and evening services are largely attended by the most cosmopolitan congregations which one could find anywhere. From the very first, the church has taken its educational cue from the college, and the emphasis which those who have been in positions of leadership in the Sunday-school have given to this field of endeavor has been hardly second to that of worship. Classes are held for everybody-children from the age of four to ninety-four attend Sunday-school. Nor has the church failed to catch the social note of the day. I ts missionary zeal is notable. For several years its benevolent budget has nearly, if not quite, ap- proximated that of the home base. It has initiated activities within the community which make for free and healthful social intercourse. In its largE" parish hall there is something going on nearly every da.y. The homes of parishioners are also part of the equipment, so that the hum of its life never relaxes. 'fhe churc:{i seeks to minister to the whole man and the whole woman.

The Claremont Church cares little for petty things. It realizes that the town in which it is, by the grace of God, so conspicuous a fac-

A COMMUNITY CHURCH IN CAUFORNIA

AN OUT-OF-DOOR SERVI CE BEFORE THE CHURCH ON PALM SUNDAY NIGHT tor, needs a great living, breathing, religious center. It knows that one organization, if properly put together, can minister helpfully to every inhabitant of the district. Those who love the church best recognize that there is room for large improvement and those who have worked in its activities see where everything they have done might be .st.rengthened. But they believe that the catholicity of spirit which is the watchword of both college and village has found its fullest ex· pression in the church which has so wondrously bound together the interests of town and gown. The same thing can be duplicated any. where. One does not need a college or an institution to bring about the feeling of community spirit. Where the pulse of life beats hard in a community whose population is not large there is the opportunity for all God's children to worship in one temple, the Lord and Futller of all.

THE GAME WON OR LOST AT THE HOME PLATE The great American national game furnishes many analogies for missionary endeavor. . One of the most striking is the term "home base," as specifying the place of the home church in missions. Players may perform brilliantly in the field, runners may reach first, second and third base; but the game is won or lost at the home plate. Neglect or weakness at this point, in b.aseball or in missions, means inevitable defeat.

MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND

Richmond, Va., Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards THE SIXTH SENSE IN MISSIONARY TRAINING.

E VER since writers began to write the making of the great Dr. Peter and lecturers began to lecture on Parker, the famous surgeon who open doors in missionary training they opened China to the Gospel with his have shown us charts with five ave- lancet. nues through which the individual may be reached. We have had the Na part of the training of that missionary possibilitie~ of the fi:ve faithful-unto-death young missionary, senses presented agam and agam. William Whiting Borden, was worth Woefully overlookeu, how~ver, has more than the actual missionary work been the importance of the sixth sense he did, when he put the automobile he in missionary training. might have had during his college days into funds for the 'i ale Hope Mis- What we do is not only a result of sion and knelt there, night after missionary training, but a part of it. night, with his arm around some Unly three-tenths of what we see IS "down-and-out" trying to lead him to so impressed upon us that we do not Christ. forget it, yet we remember nmetenths of what we do. A man may Expression is not only a result of, forget in a few days the most eloquent but is a part of, impression. The old missionary address he ever heard, but story of the boy who cried "Wolf, he remembers for years, as if it we,re Wolf" has been given a new interprea thing of yesterday, the doll~.rs he tation by a modern missionary leader gave to misslOns. Cyrus Hamhn m~y have forgotten many of the best mis- who says: sionary addresses he ever heard, but never did he forget that seven cents "The first day the boy called 'Wolf, he dropped into the missionary contri- Wolf!' the men ran out with their bution box. As a venerable old man arms ready and their purpose unhesiwith a snow-white beard, the famous tating to kill the wolf and to protect founder of Robert College remem- the boy and the sheep. But there was bered to a penny that thing he did as no wolf for them to kiIl and nothing a boy, when he gave up his gingerbread in order that he might put the for them to do, so they went back whole of his lunch money into the home. The second day the boy called contribution box. again "Wolf, Wolf!" A few men an- swered his call with less determination Pete Parker, as a boy, visited the than on the preceding day. There poor and suffering and ministered to was no wolf and they returned home them. As a Yale student heroically having done nothing. The third day he nursed the stricken ones during a a terrified call rang out, but the men cholera epidemic in N ew York and paid no heed, even though there was New Haven, when some other stu- a wolf to be killed. Had they killed dents were so terror-stricken they a wolf the first day they would have scarcely dared to put their heads out returned in full force the second day of the door. The things that Pete ready to slay a dozen wolves. Had Parker, the boy, did entered into they killed another wolf on the sec- ond day they would have been ready to face and extinguish the whole wolf tribe by the third day."

BEST METHODS

The deadening effect of constantly never heard of Jesus. All of you receiving impressions through the five who are going to try, raise your senses without deepening and ex- hands." pressing those impressions through this sixth sense makes our missionary Every little hand was raised. The zeal a matter of sham and veneer. children were sincere about it, but Here lies the explanation of the con- they must have been forced to the tradiction of the people in our conclusion that the whole matter was churches who can listen to the pres- disposed of by a raising of hands, for entation of the dire need of non- that was the last they ever heard of Christian peoples with a casually sym- it, and all they ever did about it. The pathetic murmur of "Poor things. next missionary talk they heard could Isn't it a pity?" Here lie~ also ex- not make as deep an impression on planation of that other group who are them, and by and by the subtle insinmoved to tears by the recounting of cerity, which the Lord recognized in those needs, but whose tears so flood those who protested their love to Him, their eyes that they are completely yet did not the things that He said, blinded and they do not see the con- will cloak· them, unless a wiser teacher tribution plate or any other relief makes use of the sixth sense in their agency which offers opportunity for missionary training. speedy betterment of the conditions which they so much deplore. Truly A Better Way "Impression without expression results in depression." A missionary made a similar talk to another group of children. When One Way of Hearing a Call she finished, the Superintendent looked into the interested faces of her A missionary was invited to ad- boys and girls and said: dress a children's meeting. She told the children about those other chil- "What can we do for these children who had never heard of the dren who never heard of Jesus?" Saviour. They listened eagerly. She showed them some interesting curios. Up went a little hand. They looked at them with keenest in- "What is it, Robert?" terest and touched them with wonder- "Couldn't we pray for them?" ing awe. She burned incense sticks "Yes," said the superintendent. to show how these other children "Let us pray for them." .worshiped their idols. She passed Reverently the little heads were around some cakes she had brought bowed and reverently the children from the mission station. Through followed in the prayer as she led them. each of the five senses she tried to "Is there anything else we can do?" interest the children in the dark- A hand !,riggled violently and, in skinned people of her mission. They answer to the teacher's nod of recog- were interested. Their hearts were nition, the boy to whom the hand was filled with sympathy for these other attached said: "Say, if they had Bibles children who lived always in fear of couldn't they read about Jesus?" evil spirits and they wanted to help The speaker fairly beamed over the them. When the missionary finished, originality of his suggestion. He felt the superintendent said "We have like the owner of the copyright. The been so happy to have our dear Mrs. superintendent beamed too. Blank with us today to tell us these "That would be one of the very interesting stories. I am sure that best things to do-to send them all of us have enjoyed hearing her Bibles," she said. "We can get and that we are going to try to do Bibles in their own language now, so more for the little children who have they can read them for themselves." "How much will one cost?" in- stantly came the inquiry from the originator of the plan. "We can get a good Bible now for

fift)' cents," answered the missionary. great work so dependent upon herself SJuick as a flash a small brown that it crumbled and fell when she hand dived down into a small brown dropped out.

pocket. There was no rattle of coins. Now we recognize that while such Evidently there was nothing left to a woman may be faithful, she is not rattle when the triumphant hand efficient. The really efficient worker came up, firmly grasping a half dollar. is the one who enlists and trains oth- "Get one," said the boy laconically, ers for service, who lives and works as he placed the coin in the mission- above the desire for such praise as ary's hand. "We will never find anyone else who "Wait a minute," said another boy can do the work as you have done it.

as he darted out the door. In a few Things will surely drop to pieces when moments he was back again with fifty you are gone." The really efficient cents. "Father said he'd lend me this woman uses her experience to train fifty cents until I got home to get it her successors to do the work far out of my bank. 1:hat'1l get another better than she has done it. Instead Bible." of placidly contemplating the collapse A little fellow sat looking wistfully she feels must inevitably follow her at the two big, shining coins. removal, she is constantly enlarging "Can you get just part of a Bible?" and training the force of workers.

he asked timidly. . "But," came the protest when the "To be sure you can," answered the rotation of office was proposed in a missionary heartily. "You can get the. certain missionary society, "there is Gospel of John for ten cents." only one woman in our church who The boy's face shone as he put his knows how to preside over a meet- hand in his pocket and drew out his ing."

dime. "That in itself," said the efficiency "Could I send you some money to expert, "is an unanswerable argument buy some Bibles ?" asked another. for the training of some other women The teacher wrote down the mission- to preside."

ary's address on a card and gave it H ow Rotation Succeeded. An offi- to the child. "Now," she said, "is there anything cer of a society in South Carolina writes of what rota-tion of office did else we can do?" There was a moment's pause, as in heT society: those earnest little hearts faced the "We had been meeting year after great need of the world for Christ. year and moving 'that the old offi- Cf'rs be re-elected' until we never Then a hand went up. thought of anything else. Then along came the delegate from the "Maybe," said a serious voice, "I convention proposing- the rotatiol1 could go over there when I am grown plan. We thought it would deal a and tell them about Jesus as she did." death blow to our society. Not- withstanding the fact that our That missionary talk made an impression that will last.

SOME THINGS TO DO church roll records the names of over five hundred members, a ma- Rotate Offices. Our churches are jority of whom are women, we had made up of two classes of folks,- fallen into the habit of depending some who have to do everything and on two or three women in the mis- some who have nothing to do. In these sionary society for· everything.

days our ideas of faithful service are 'Vhen we passed a resolution that being revised a bit. We used to praise no officer could succeed herself. in the woman who held the same office office for more than one term we for half a century, who won her vic- had to begin a hunt for new mate- tories single-handed and built up a rial. We found our church full of

BEST METHODS

capable women who had never been pect the local societies to run out asked to do a thing. We avoided into their own gardens to pluck a the mistake many societies have crisp, fresh sprig of parsley which made of having all new officers go has grown since those programs in at once, by a ruling that only were published, with which to gar- one-half of the officers should be nish them before serving. They ex- changed each year. Now instead d pect the program leaders to some- having only one woman who can times add a few ingredients from preside at a meeting, we have half their own larders and once in a a dozen. Our Society has pulled u[, while to evolve appetizing cro- out of the rut and our work is ad- quettes' f'rom the plain canned sal- vancing splendidly, while each year mon shipped to them.

records the addition of new work- "How can we get our women to ers to our force." take as much interest in the mis- Good officers are made as well as sionary programs as they take in born. the Woman's Club programs?"

cQmes the query.

How to Make Them "By getting them to put as much The Missionary Union of New into the missionary programs as Orleans is one of the city unions they do into the Woman's Club which has successfully tried the programs" is the answer. plan of having a course in parliamentary practises and the training Instead of having programs of officers given by a specialist for which show the wonderful versathe benefit of all the societies of the tility of the pastor's wife or som'e city. Such a course may be pro- other woman who is expected to vided by any city or county union., open the church, distribute the Manv denominational conventions hymn books, play the organ, lead are meeting this need by adding t() the singing, lead the prayers and do their programs a course with spe- most of the talking, make your cific training for officers. In SOme meetings depend on as many peo- ple as possible.

congregations an officers' training How Eighty-three People Helped to class has been found well worth Make a Meeting while, enrolling not only the pres- Two girls, who constituted the publicity committee, gave a notice ent officers but others who should of the meeting to the pastor, to be printed in the parish paper and anbe trained for office. ,..

Program Preparation. The people who get most out of a program are nounced as he had opportunity; those who put most into it. Here gave announcements to the teachindeed is something to do. M05t of our denominations furnish to ers of the Sunday School classes for their societies exceIlent canned pro- girls and women; prepared an atgrams. The writer has conducted a tractive notice for the town paper before the meeting and another one program cannery for years and pre- after; made a poster announcing nounces the same to be a legitimate the meeting. The poster was disand needful business, but this pronouncement is followed by a plea to played as a postscript to the meetthe presidents and program com- ing on the preceding month and mittees that they prove themselves was in evidence all during the something more than mere can month.

10 Circle leaders each called on the openers. Missionary programs have eight women composing her circle to a distinct tin-can flavor if they are talk enthusiastically about the meeting merely run around, poured out and served. The cannery officials ex- and about some advanced plans for the work. Some of these calls were tele- phone calls.

2 hostesses went to the church several discarded geographies make possible hours before the meeting to see that the cutting out of maps of different everything was in readiness and to countries which, pasted on· cardboard, put up some decorations that would furnish attractive backs for note be in keeping with the program.

These two women, assisted by books in which facts about these coun- Z girls in Oriental costume, received tries may be recorded. The splendid and welcomed the members at the map on the cover of the June issue door. of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE woman, who had an automobile, brought to the meeting a visiting WORLD makes a most attractive cover for a note book on Africa. The missionary and two women from an blank pages should be cut out in Old People's Home. S officers took part in the meeting. the shape of the map and fastened organist played and the junior choir, composed of 30 girls, led the singing. together with a cord. I soloist, who was not a member of the society, sang. Let us remember the fascination 3 women, who had made careful prepa- of the gingerbread man and all the ration, each presented one of the wonrlers of the stars, the birds and divisions of the topic for the day. the beasts into which the cookies 3 women led in prayer for the specific of our childhood days were formed, work presented. and put a bit of the same fascina- 6 other women were prepared to add a fact to the discussion which fol- tion into the missionary note books lowed. for our children. One Junior 2 college girls gave an effective read- superintendent had her class paste ing in two parts. pictures of the people of the South- 3 little girls in costume presented a very brief exercise. (This involved em Mountains, together with facts their costuming by about them, in note books, cut ill 3 mothers.) the shape of log cabins, while flag- shaped books were used for some I clever girl displayed a clever chart which spoke its own message.

The offering was gathered by other Home Mission notes.

3 people-a grandmother, a mother and a daughter, all members of the so- Things to Make.* No small part ciety, a special invitation having been given them to be present that three of the interest in Red Cross work generations might unite in this ser- which has grown so amazingly all vice. over our land is due to the fact Secretary of Literature gave to each that, from the greatest cities to the circle leader a leaflet to be taken to loneliest farm house, women have each member of her circle not pres- been working with their hands to ent. She also gave out missionary furnish the supplies called for. A books and magazines from the church woman can not knit for days all a library.

3 members, who constituted the Com- sweater or a pair of socks without mittee on Visiting the Sick, took the becoming interested in the person for whom she is working. There is cut flowers and potted plants to sick also much missionary hand work to folks, leaving a leaflet with each flower messenger.

pastor came in in time for a brief be done. Let us speed the passing message to the society. of the day'when we squander time Total 83 people. on making fancy trifles to be sold at church fairs at exorbitant prices to HOME MADE NOTE BOOKS people who really do not want them at any price, and usher in the day Some of our junior leaders and when our hands shall be bUSIed teachers of girls' classes have pre- pared the most fascinationg note • In her book, "Things to Make," published books in which their classes are to by the Missionary Education Movement 156 record their findings on the topics Fifth Ave.• New York. Miss Gertrude Hl4ttoll gives splendid suggestions for· hand work of studied. A Pennsylvania school kinds. A missio1tary message in. j'Jh.",- teacher has discovered that stacks of i1arious an itlteresling leaflet may otten be form of cluded in the plans suggested.

BEST METHODS

clothing the needy, the sick and the week. Every worker called at my suffering. study for an outline of work to be Many of our societies could send done. In my search for things to each year a box of clothing to the keep them busy I found some great suffering lepers of the world. Now new opportunities. There were that we have learned to knit, let us women who pledged hours each keep in practise until in addition to day for 'visiting and for minister- our own boys, every shivering leper ing to the sick and needy. That has a sweater. A letter addressed led to a systematizing of visitation to Mr. W. M. Danner, 105 Ray- and relief work. The cards of mond Street, Cambridge, Mass., strangers who were at the services will bring information about cloth- on Sunday went right into Moning needed for lepers. day's budget of work. Here were girls ready to read to "shut ins."

A Composite Deaconess We had to hunt up sick folks to be visited and read to, and we found An Atlanta, Georgia, pastor has some who had been woefully negfurnished us the following unusual lected. We began to work in varistory of his composite deaconess: ous city institutions we had never "To state our case in brief-w(' considered a part of our parish. Ve needed a parish deaconess and we found institutions entirely without had no money with which to em- any religious services. Here came ploy one. I began to study the sit- messenger boys ready to carry mesuation. There came to me a reali- sages. Here were business men zation of the fact that right in our who pledged time more valuable congregation were people who than money. When certain influencould do much of the work of a tial met?- began to take time to go deaconess: Taking my text from out to talk with other men about the Bible and my illustration from attendance at church· services and the Korean church members, who their relation to the Kingdom of gave not only of their money but God, we soon reached the point at of their time also, I preached a ser- which we no longer looked cautimon on service and asked for ously around to see whether there pledges of time to do the Lord's were enough men present at the work under the pastor's leadership. evening service to take up the col- The result was a revelation. Dif- lection. A young man who was ferent members volunteered so cooped up in an office all day volmany hours a day or so many hours unteered service there with his a week that we soon had a full typewriter. One by one the pledges time composite parish deaconess continued to come in until we had promised. Then I found myself up a deaconess of gifts so diversified against the hardest work and the that every department of the biggest opportunity I have ever church work waked to a new and had. My hands were fulI keeping fuller life as our congregation my workers busy. I found a vast became a congregation not only of difference between trying to do all hearers of the word but of doers the work myself and in directing also."

other people in doing it. Blue SOUL WINNING Monday vanished f'fOm the face of my calendar. I had no time for it. The real objective of all mission- Here were dozens of people ready ary endeavor is the winning of to work. Early Monday morning souls, yet personal work for souls I had to get down to going over around us never enters into the the reports of the preceding week pla~s . of many of our missionary and outlining the work for the new soclettes. We fancy that if we

could stand by "Africa's sunny neighborhood,-some time, but I fountains" or on "India's coral had my hands so full of my mis- strand," we would proclaim the love sionary work the calls had never of Jesus to every passerby, yet our been made, but, as they met on the lips are dumb before those who are street my father talked with my out of Christ all around us. neighbor of the only Saviour of the A missionary secretary makes world.

this confession: "A friend took us out to ride. 1 "I was helping to set up a big waited for my father to get into the convention, and was full of enthusi- car but in a moment he was up asm over making every session a beside the chauffeur and in a few success. On the opening day my minutes I heard him talking earnaged father, who came as a dele- estly with the man about the way gate to the convention, sat with me of salvation. When we reached at luncheon in the hotel. He list- home he said: 'You know I was ened sympathetically to my glow- afraid I might never have another ing accounts of the great features chance to speak to that man.' that were to be. When I paused "The wife of a prominent railroad for breath he leaned towards me official took him out to ride in her and said, while his eye followed the elegant limousine. '1 am glad she stately movements of the head- asked me to go,' he said, 'for it gave waiter, 'Daughter, I think that big me an opportunity of talking with head-waiter over there is going to her about her salvation. I think no accept Jesus Christ. I've been talk- one had ever talked with her about ing to him about his souL' I al- it before.' most gasped. I had been so busy planning for a great missionary "Yet these opportunities had come convention, I had had no time to to me also and had passed by as think of the soul of the head-waiter. ships that pass in the night while I strained my eyes to catch sight "When we went out to my apart- of a larger sail on a more distant ment a negro man was washing the horizon. I could but question my windows. Jim was honest and own heart whether my passion was trustworthy and had been a most souls, or success in setting up consatisfactory helper in my home. ventiQns."

Only a few moments passed before *** I heard my father talking earnestly with Jim about his personal salva- The children of America should tion. and a swift accusation went be taught, as are the children of to my heart as I realized that I had Korea, to work for souls. Every known Jim for years and had nevei Sunday-school scholar should be a said a word to him of salvation. missionary to bring in other "A carpenter came in to repair a scholars. Every catechetical class door. I awaited his going with im- should have, as one feature of its patience to sign his work ticket, for work, the gathering in and teach- my ardent soul longed to be back ing in the way of salvation those at my missionary task. Even as I who are outside the fold. A part waited I heard my father talking of the missionary work of every with the man about the door he had man of the church should be the just fixed, and then simply and nat- winning of other men. Our pas- .urally leading the conversation to tors should find their women's mis- the only door into the Kingdom of sionary societies dependable agen- God. cies in filling the pews of the church "A Jew lived across the street. 1 and in bringing under the preaching had thought that possibly I would of the word souls that may be call Qll th~ f9~kl> who livyq in th~ savyq,

Woman'5 Home Mission

EDITED BY MRS. O. R. JUDD, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

OFFICERS OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS.

President-Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, 149 Dwight Pl., Englewood, N. J. ( Presbyterian) .

Vice-President-at-Darge~Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Allendale, N. J. (Methodist) .

Recording Secretary-Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, New York (Lutheran). Corresponding Secretary-Mrs. F. W. Wilcox, 287 Fourth Ave., New York (Congregational) . Treasurer-Mrs. P. F. Jerome, 124 East 28th St., New York (Christian). Vice-Presidents-Mrs. Smith Thomas Ford (Baptist), Mrs. Chas. S. Fry (Lutheran), Mrs. R. W. MacDonell (Methodist South), Mrs. W. C. Wins- borough (Presbyterian South), Miss E. B. Vermilye (Reformed), Mrs. Wm. S. Cook (United Presbyterian).

CHAIRMEN OF STANDING COMMITTEES.

Horne Mission Study Courses and Literature-Mrs. John S. Allen, 25 East 22d St., New York (Reformed).

Horne Mission Summer Schools-Mrs. Mary Fisk Park, 450 Riverside Drive, New York (Methodist).

Horne Mission Interests in Schools, Colleges and Young People's Conferences -Mrs. C. P. Wiles, 259 Harvey St., Germantown, Pa. (Luthem General Synod).

Horne Mission Interests Among Children-Miss Edith Scamman, 289 Fourth Ave., New York (Congregational).

Horne Missions Comity and Co-operation-Mrs. George W. Coleman, 177 West Brookline St., Boston, .Mass. (Baptist).

Home Mission Interests Among Immigrants-Mrs. D. E. Waid, 1 Lexington Ave., New York (Presbyterian).

Horne Mission Day of Prayer-Mrs. Luke G. Johnson, 31 Wesley St., Newman, Ga. (Methodist, South).

A NEW DEFINITION OF AN OLD the Top," "Called to the Colors," and "Keep the Horne Fires Burn- TASK ing" have done valiant service in the literary lines of Home Defense. Eva Clark Waid But in the year since America went T HE American seems to respond to war in behalf of the world's lib- most readily to syllables or erties, two words have corne to symbols which embody the thought stand out with peculiar challenge of the hour. Is it the "Age of and appeal to all who love the flag Steel" or "The Century of Inven- 'neath which our nation marshalls tion" or "The City of the Sky- its hosts. These two words are saraper"-the phrast':/ commands Democracy and AmericanizatiOllhis i!ttention. Js it "enthusiasm," separate words and yet closely al- "efficiency," "service"-ill becomes lied. National in their defi'nitipn the catch word of every advertis- and yet international in their iming page and the heading of every port, political in their expression editorial. War times have brought and yet religious in their results. a multiplication of these appeals to Neither of these words hal> qn unthe popular imagination and "Over

familiar sound to the great mission- On the basis of some such den- ary leaders and statesmen who for mtlOll of Americanization, what long years have builded for true definite practical tasks can be sug- democracy and pleaded for true gested for the great body of earn- Americanization. But new allies est women bound together in our for our cause and a new definition fine missionary organization? Briefly of our aims may well hearten us for stated here are a few: new conflicts. Therefore mission- Know the foreign woman who ary organizations will take keen in- touches your life, be she servant, terest in the following' definition of trades woman, clerk, seamstress, Americanization recently adopted fellow teacher, or mother of your as a basis for the Americanization work in New York City now going children's playmates. on under many different agencies, educational, philanthropic and re- If possible know her as a friend, ligious. and while you help her, she in turn will provide you with the finest kind of a course in immigrant back- The interpretation of American ideals, grounds and racial inheritance. traditions and standards and institutions to the foreign born. Know the homes your community supplies for its foreign-born. Is The acquirement of a common language there "discrimination in housing?" for the entire nation. The promotion of a universal desire Are there evasions of fire and build- among all peoples in America to become ing laws?" Are there "Immigrant citizens under the American flag. The combating of anti-American propa- Colonies?" How could those home makers be helped? ganda activities and schemes and the ~tamping out of sedition wherever found. If Mr. Hoover is interested in The elimination of industrial conditions everyone of those homes through which make fruitful soil for un-American the visits of the Food Administrapropagandists and .disloyal agitators. tion Committees, ought not a few Christian women to have an equal The abolition of racial prejudices, bar- riers and discriminations, the discouragement of colonies and immigrant sections, desire to help these handicapped which keep people in America apart. housewives and so establish a "nor- The creation of a normal, wholesome mal, wholesome and rational stand- ard of living" and "foster the immiand rational standard of living for alI peoples in America.

The discontinuance of discriminations in grant's desire to have a home in America?" housing, care, protection and treatment of It may well happen that some of aliens. The creation of an understanding of, duty toward, as well as love for, America, and your own "racial prejudices and fostering of the desire of immigrants to barriers" will be removed by such a remain in America, have a home here, and sympathetic insight, for sometimes support American institutions and laws. we sorely need the Americanization of our own native born citizens in The telling of the story of "Why America Is at War" to foreign-born people and why we must all stand together to win it. these particulars, nay even of our On first reading, many para- Christian citizens.

graphs of this definition will seem Know the industries in your to have little connection with the town or community that employ the distinctive missionary program for foreign-born and know the circum- the aliens in our land. But a sec- stances under which they work ond reading will open up not ollly How do those Mexicans fare at the new meanings of the old program, hands of the railroad and how do but splendid new fields of effort ior their families live? How does that every home missionary organiza- button factory treat those young tion whose purpose, larger than any foreign girls? Do those Polish program, is to make our country, women work overtime in that laun- God's Country. dry only a few blocks away? "There

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

do those girls in the garment fac- Better Babies Week at the Church tory eat their lunch? • How does House, the Church Orchestra of five that summer cannery care for the nationalities, the country picnic for women and girls? all the Tonys and Marias and their mothers-all of these will be wom- Just a few random suggestions– an's way of doing her share in one to be amplified and changed to suit form of patriotic service for Ameryour local need-that you women ica. may do your share toward the "elimination of industrial condi- This is patriotic service due your land from the women this land has tions which prove fruitful soil for blessed. un-American propagandists and disloyal agitators." This is a patriotic Christian serv- ice due your Christ from the women -Know the children of the for- He has set in this land to be a blesseign-born, the "children of the cru- ing to all other lands.

cible", who throng the schools and For this is not a mission study fill the streets and crowd the li- class, not the reading of books braries and moving-picture thea- about the immigrant, but the pertres. Through them will come sonal reading of that most precious those high ideals of duty toward document "a human life," the life this, our land and gratitude for its of your foreign-born brother or sisfavors. Lend a hand to Campfire ter. And this is an appeal for your Girls and Boy Scouts, Patriotic personal service, not only in the teaching of a common language and Clubs and! special celebrations, and the promotion of a common citizenstrengthen the hands of every pub- ship but also an appeal for teachlic school teacher who has these po- ing that greater common language tential Americans in her charge. of the spirit and promoting that greater common citizenship which Know the newspapers of the for- is heaven.

eign-born and what they teach them MISSION STUDY TEACHERS about America today. An Announcement from the Execu- Know every agency in your com– tive Committee of the Council of munity working with the alien and Women. what is being taught as to our ideals and .aims in war or in peace. Because of the rapid increase in the number of Local Interdenominational Above all, know every Christian Commi!tees all over the country, the and missionary effort being put ExecutIve Committee voted "that an forth for the foreign-born in your announcement be made in 'The Bulcity or town. Do not just know letin' to the effect that names of Misabout them, know them, if possible. sion Study Teachers will be submitted If your church has an Italian mis- to leaders of Interdenominational sion, visit the Sunday-school, go Study. Classes upon appli{;ation to to some of the clubs. If there is a Council Headquarters, and that Mis- Hungarian kindergarten, attend a sion Study Teachers are asked to apply session. If the Bohemians have to the Council of Women for Home singing societies, attend a concert. Missions for endorsement as teachers of the Mission Study Books." And when you know-as you can know with only a little effort– It further requests the names of then, need your hand be urged to do existing Federations to complete the what your head and heart have list numbering about 100 of those found to do? already reported and desires to pro- The Mothers' Club, the home cl~sses, the visiting teacher, the neIghborhood party, the new lunch room for the factory girls, the little model apartment to show the little foreign bride American ways, the

mote the organization of new Federa- est, Children will love it and Leaders find tions. it a fascinating study to present.

:Mode1 constitutions for any group THE WORLD's WORKSHOP of women contemplating the formation of a LQCal Federation may be secured Furnishes occupational material for the six on application to the office, 600 Lex- chapters of the book, which Juniors will ington Avenue, New York City. find interesting and Teachers worth while.

THE NEW STUDY-BOOKS A group of children to whom part of the manuscript was read one I N "The Path of Labor," the evening exclaimed, "Oh I wish we senior text-book for the current could stay up all night to hear the rest," and later asked again and year of the Council of Women for again, "When will Miss Apple- garth's book be ready?" Home Missions, the Publication The sincerity and sympathy of the Committee states the aim and pur- writer is felt in every line.

pose for which it has been prepal cd THE COMING OF SUMMER and the reason for the selection of SCHOOLS the theme in the "Foreword." Mrs. Mary Fisk Park, the Chair- man of the Committee of the Coun- The chapter headings are as fol- cil of Women on Home Mission Summer Schools contributed the follows: – lowing list of dates, with names and addresses of chairmen: 1. The CaIl to Service M. Katharine Bennett Boulder, Colo., June 13-ZO.-Mrs. D. B. Wilson, 1400 Detroit St., Denver. II. In City Industries Grace Scribner DeLand, Fla., Winter SchooL-Mrs. Wm.

III. In Mountains and Mines J. Harkness, DeLand, Fla. John Edwards Calfee Dallas. Tex.. June 17.–Mrs. L P. Smith, Alexander Jeffrey McKelway IV. Among Negro Laborers Dallas, Tex.

L. H. Hammond East Northfield, Mass, July 17-24.-Mrs. V. In Lumber Camps and Mines M. J. Gildersleeve, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. Miriam Woodbury IV. Justice and Brotherhood Los Angeles, Cal., June 3.-Mrs. E. Y. Van Meter, 4972 Pasadena Ave., Los An- Walter Rauschenbusch geles, Cal. Teachers Supplement with helps for pro- Minnesota, June 3-10.-Miss Alice B. grams. class work and supplementary read- Webb, 2214 Pleasant Ave., Minneapolis, ing. Minn.

"Together" Mt. Hermon, Cal., July 6-13.-Mrs. O. W. Lucas, 1032 Spruce St., Berkeley, Cal. By ALICE M. GUERNSEY. Mt. Lake Park, Md., August 13-ZO.-Miss UNDER the above title Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720 Arch St., Philadel- Alice M. Guernsey has prepared phia, Pa.

a unique and altogether charming Oklahoma City, Okla., June 3-6.-Mrs. H. Devotional Exercise, which no mis- S. Gilliam, 2244 West 13th St., Oklahoma sion study class will want to be City. Okla. without. The two little poems in it speak to the heart. The exer- Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pa., July cise is especially adapted for use 2-7. with "The Path of Labor," but is equally suitable and helpful for gen- Chautauqua, N. Y., August 17-23.-Mrs. eral Bible Study. (':reo. W. Coleman, 177 West Brookline St., Boston, Mass. Jack of All Trades Winona Lake, Ind., June 20-27.-Mrs. C. By MARGARET APPLEGARTH E. Vickers, 312 N. Elmwoocl Aye., Oak Park, III. A true story for Juniors of the Little Unseen People who help to feed and to The plans of most of the conferclothe us and to make the world a com- ences were incomplete at the time fortable place for other people to .live in. when this announcement went to Unique, Unusual and of Absorbing' Inter- press, but glimpses of a few of the

programs will serve as "samples." School will last ten days, the first commending to each section the part of the time being given over nearest school as interesting, instructive and inspiring. to Foreign Missions and the last part to Home. The "Methods" for The Texas Interdenominational the course will be equally helpful School of Missions has moved from to both, and will be presented by Denton to Dallas in order to reach Mrs. C. P. Wiles, Mrs. E. C. Cronk a larger number of women. The and others. It is hoped that Mrs. meetings are to be held in a large D. E. Waid will be secured to teach downtown church called the City a Normal Class on "The Path of Temple. Already an attendance of Labor." Dr. Floyd Tompkins will more than 250 is assured. There conduct the Bible Hour, and Mrs. are to be classes for colored women H. B. Montgomery will be a platalso. Mission Study, Bible and So- form speaker for·the entire term of cial Service classes will be led by Mrs. Lindsay of the Presbyterian both conferences. During the Winona Lake Summer Church, Miss B. L. Gay of the Con- School of Missions, the mornings gregational Church and Miss Mahel will be devoted to study hours, Howell of the Methodist Church. while in the afternoons there will At Northfield Miss Anna C. Nel- be time for physical recreation and lich, a gifted Christian teacher from denominational conferences. The New York City, will teach the mis- evenings will hold inspirational adsion text-book, and Miss AnoIa F. dresses, talks with missionaries and Wright, of Montclair, N. J., who en- prayer groups.

deared herself to the school last "Christianity and the W orId's year, has again consented to take Workers" will be the theme for charge of the music. Miss Helen study. The foreign mission text- ]. Carleton is announced as the spe- book used will be "Working Women cial leader for young women. Plans of the Orient," by Margaret Burton; are being made to make the camp while that for home missions will be for girls better than ever and the "Paths of Labor," a symposium. outlook already promises a larger attendance than last year. Denomi- Mrs. H. L. Hill will be the study book national days, and speakers on lecturer. Mountaineers, Negroes and Mormons ,are included in the program. Mrs. Albert· L. Berry, the Bible teacher. Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, the Normal Class It is expected that the Chautau- teacher. qua Home Mission Institute will be Miss Carrie Barge will have Methods held this year as usual. The study- hour for leaders of young women. course will be led by Mrs. D. E. Waid, whose nation-wide reputation Mrs. Carrie T. Burrit, Methods for as <J. teacher and lecturer insures Women's Societies. everywhere an enthusiastic reception, and the junior text-hook will Miss Ruth Shipley, Children's work and be given to the children, as in re- Junior study book.

cent years, by Mrs. J. H. String, of Mrs. Marion Humphreys will be the leader of the study class. Cleveland. The denominational conferences, which met with so much A Girls' Department of this sumacceptance last year, will he held daily. There will also be special mer school will emphasize three meetings for young women and daily missionary rallies. aims: The Wilson College Summer 1. Information – Study of new methods of efficiency for Girls' Societies.

2. Recreation-Tennis, swimming, hikes, etc.

3. Inspiration–Contact with mis- sionaries and leaders of religious thought.

, Write for information on Winona to Miss Josephine Wade, 705 N. College Avenue Green· castle, Ind. '

News On War

NO STRONG DRINK FOR youths dictates. The War Department SOLDIERS IN FRANCE originally provided that all saloons must likewise close within five miles A SSOCIATED PRESS despatches from all the army's training camps. from the American expeditionary But when it appeared that the drink force in France state that General Per- business by a universal rule of such shing has issued a general order covering scope would be wiped out in almost all the liquor problem among our soldiers the big city of Louisville as well as in abroad. In this order General Pershing a number of lesser towns, the Adminannounced: "Soldiers are forbidden istration reduced the protective zone either to buy or accept as gifts whisky, to a width of half a mile only-except brandy, champagne, liqueurs, or other in country places, where there are few alcoholic beverages other than light saloons." wines or beers."

S General Pershing's order contains "INCURABLY RELIGIOUS" EVEN months of army Y. M. C. A. drastic provision for the punishment of men who drink to excess and also for work have brought to Professor holding responsible the commanding officer of units in which drunkenness occurs. Henry B. Wright of Yale a settled The order also wisely links control of the conviction, namely, that "the vast maliquor traffic with the control of immor- jority of the young men of America ality surrounding our army camps. All enlisted in the crusade for democracy sections of towns frequented by immoral are incurably, persistently religious. women are declared to be "off limits" Wherever they go most of them look for American soldiers, and soldiers fre- first of all for a chance to be decent. quenting them are to be disciplined. If it is at hand, and adequate, and The dispatch that brings this informa- sincere, and unobtrusive, without the tion says ranking American officers de- slightest hesitation they take it, and clare the sobriety and high moral stand- remain loyal to it to the end. But ards of the American forces as a whole youth is merciless toward unfulfilled have deeply impressed the French promise, and pretense, and service used as a vehicle for propaganda." Is 110t authorities. It is interestinJ! to record in this con- this an indisputable evidence that man nection that Mr. Roosevelt states that is a spiritual being, made in the image his sons have come to believe in absolute of God?

prohibition for the army in war time. THE STUDENTS' WAR FUND One of them has written that his experience ahroad has made a permanent pro- T HE fund of over $1,000,000 raised by American students has now been hibitionist of him.

divided as follows: Prisoner-of-War NAVY STRICTNESS APPROVED Work, fifty per cent; Y. M. C. A.

COMMENTING on the order of War Work Council, twenty per cent; Secretary Daniels, creating a five- Y. W. C. A. War Work Council, mile dry zone around all training twenty per cent ; World's Student camps for naval recruits, The Con- Christian Federation, ten per cent. The tinent says: ten per cent which goes to the World's "It shows once more both the right Student Christian Federation has en- kind of concern for the boys on whose abled some of the movements in that manly valor the nation is to-day de- Federation to carryon their important pending and the right kind of courage mission under conditions that would in doing what the well-being of these otherwise have very nearly stopped all progress. Hostels have been main- choice – Episcopal, Lutheran and tained for students in lands foreign to Methodist. Yet the chaplain who had them and workers are now serving in led them to Christ and the Church be- centers of far-reaching influence be- longed to none of these denominations, cause of the assistance given by the but was a Presbyterian. Surely these fund. things are signs not of a divisive ec- clesiasticism, but of Christian unity. ARMY CHURCH HEADQUARTERS This chaplain was one of thirty-nine THE great value and effectiveness men who are serving under the direc- of .the "Church Headquarters" tion of the National Service Commis- building at Camp Upton is seen in the sion of the Presbyterian Church, U. S.

. good uses to which it has immediately A., in the camps, holding evangelistic been put. On every Sunday morning services and doing personal work at seven-thirty is held an Episcopal among the soldiers.

Communion service; on the first Sun- In nearly every case, ministers serv- day of the month a Lutheran Com- ing the Commission have been released munion service. The Vesper services by their congregations with salaries are held each Sunday afternoon at continued and pulpit supplied during three-thirty, conducted by a different their absence.

chaplain each Sunday. The Christian Science Church holds services in the SOLDIERS STUDY BIBLE BY ,,I social rooms on Wednesday evening MAIL HAVE in my possession several and in the chapel on Sunday evening. The Jewish services are held in "the copies of lesson sheets which chapel on Friday evenings and Satur- have come to me direct from the day mornings. The Roman Catholic trenches of France, where some of my Church is using the small rooms for students were studying the lessons un- confessions on Saturday afternoons der all the disadvantages of trench life.

and evenings. The Y. M. C. A. uses These lesson sheets bear the marks of the library for a secretaries' confer- the muddy trenches, and were sent to ence on Monday morning and Friday me by a brother who is now a major morning of each week. The chaplains' in the British army."

conference is held in the library on This striking testimony comes from Wednesday morning of each week. the pastor of a metropolitan church, The Inner Circle of the 308th Infantry who conducts a Bible correspondence Regiment is held in the library on school.

Wednesday afternoon of each week Another man, the director of one of and arrangements are being made for the largest Bible correspondence similar meetings of Inner Circles of courses in the country, writes: other regiments. One of the chap- "In looking up the records I am sur- lains is always in Church Headquar- prised at how practical this corre-'

ters when the troops are off duty. spondence work is in connection with SUCCESSFUL CHAPLAINS military service. While in the training camps, or even at the front, the solpEOPLE who do not know the diers have time for correspondence facts comment unfavorably upon study. They not only fill up their spare what tRey suppose is the denomina- time, but store their minds with knowltional rivalry of the agencies at work. edge that will be valuable to them The reverse is true. A chaplain says while in service, or when they return that his fellow chaplains do not ask to their homes after the war. Many whether a man is a Baptist or a of these Bible studies are furnished in Lutheran, or a Congregationalist, but pamphlets which the soldiers can slip "is he a Christian?" The other day into their packets, or even into their seven men surrendered themselves to pocket, and take them along."-Sun- Christ and joined the churches of their day School Times.

fROM

AFRICA enable some one to go and bring in AThe Future of Morocco the Master's sheep who have wan- SCOTCH military officer, in ad- dered away. dressing the Royal Geographical Society on his travels in Morocco, There are only forty-six boys and said: three teachers in our school. Among these, thirty-two made up their minds "The climate of the Morocco coast to serve the Lord in this way of deny- is ideal, with the temperature seldom ing themselves something. Our school over seventy degrees in the summer or is a Christian school. Almost every- under sixty degrees in the winter. body professes to love Jesus Christ. There .is a sufficient rainfall; and the . . . Our self-denial week has been crops even under native methods are one of our good ones. Everybody surprisingly rich. Under proper cul- felt that he was doing something for tivation the wilderness will blossom his Savior. God has been very close . like a rose and this country may well to us. Our school work did not seem become one of the granaries of the to press us very much during the week world. The system of native govern- and the marks were not very many. It is hard to express the mood in which ment has always retarded, and in fact the boys have been. During their almost prevented, any development. If fasting they were happier than they a native became too rich and prosper- ever had been." ous he was promptly robbed by the neighboring Kaids, who in their turn T were robbed by the Sultan, and there Who Are The Nupes? was therefore no incentive to progress. HE announcement that a Nupe Under French protection, all this will grammar had recently been pub- be changed. There are also undoubt- lished in England would lead most edly large deposits of copper and other readers simply to ask, "Who are the minerals in the mountains as yet un- Nupes?"

worked." They constitute one of the oldest One of the principal means of de- and last of the tribes to be subdued veloping the country will, of course, in Northwest Africa. The Nupes were be railways, and there already exist finally conquered by the British. Their 773 kilometres of railway in Morocco, country became part of Nigeria, whose exclusive of railways under construc- territory it increased by something like tion. sixty-four square miles and added to TAfrican Self-Denial its population about 150,000 persons. HE following letter was written For many years it was believed the to the Treasurer of the Foreign Nupes had no literature of their own, but lately there have been discovered Christian Missionary Society by a boy songs and religious poems written in in a mission school in West Africa, as a corruption of Arabic characters, the spokesman for his fellows: Aljemi. These productions date back more than a hundred years, and it is "To the Honorable Treasurer : We, believed were inspired by Mohammethe Edwaleni boys,.beg to lay in your hands this little amount of money dan priests, for they contain distorted, which we coIlected by denying some although unmistakable Moslem docof our meat and sugar, and some of trines. us paitrsome few copper coins to raise T it to $5.50, so that the Gospel might The Test of War in Camerun be disseminated until it reaches those HE development of the American who are stilI in the shadow of dark- Presbyterian Mission in Kamerun ness. We are longing so much to is one of the most inspiring stories in

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

modern mIssIonary annals. No bet- anyone coveting his neighbor's prop- ter proof of the vitality of the self- erty. God, Who to a heathen is a supporting, self-governing native reality but of unknown character, re- church which has been established mains the same to a Moslem, unless there could be found than the way in His character suffers by His being which it has met the test of war. At matle the author of unreasonable com- the beginning of the war the mission mands. The life and doings of Mu- stations were seized by the German hammad himself are unknown. The government and their funds confi~­ old character, fears and motives re- cated. The mission report says: "Ex- main the same. Seriousness, holiness. cept for the presence of the warring the gravity of big issues, none of these armies the country was depopulated. suggests itself in the common attitude For over a year it was so. What a of a Moslem. The people who become time it was! Families separated never Moslems for the most part merely add to be united, sickness, hunger, starYa- on new and interesting customs to their old ways without receiving any tion and death." inner cleansing or learning to know For eighteen months this continued. God personally.

then the tide of war passed on and The Kru's Thirst for Knowledge Kamerun had a chance to take stock of the damage done. I N Africa, when it rains, it rains. The sky just opens itself and emp- It is estimated that not more than ties itself in one operation. But rain six per cent fell away from the church cannot keep Kru boys and girls away during those frightful months, while from school. Slates carried on top of more than 3,000 new members were their heads make excellent umbrellas received. The contributions of the na- for the mission girls. Banana leaves tive church more than doubled those serve the same purpose for the town children. One ambitious boy was in of any previous year, so that evangel- the habit of swimming a deep river ( ization could be continued though no with his books in a toy canoe by his side. When it rained, the canoe was financial help was possible from ont- held over the books ~o shield them, the side. The first request which got boy didn't care about keeping himself through from Kamerun after the dry. Allied armies entered was not for money, it was to "Hurry up order for From a town four miles distant, a the Bulu gospels !" young man walked in to school every morning, rain or shine. His lunch- WWhy Africans Become Moslems often his only meal until night time- HAT is involved for the African consisted of half a cocoanut, some- in becoming a Moslem? This is times one green banana. Yet never how one missionary answers the ques- have we heard a complaint from his lips. Now we have found room for tion: him at the Mission and he is making Islam presents itself here as :l series progress in his studies.

of practices that appeal to the African To further a working use of the new because they make no moral demand. langliage, English, all our Kru boys The hardest custom is that of fasting and girls are required to write a brief from food and drink during daylight letter every day to their teachers. One hours in the month of Ramazan. A of the subjects assigned was "The Mis- Moslem teacher admitted that Islam sion." One bright Kru boy began was powerless to change a bad man his letter with the statement-"The into a good one, and did not try. It Mission forces you to do everything was equally powerless, he confessed, you don't want to do." Isn't that de- to improve character by means of food liciously human? laws and other external .rites, fo1." a man who lied and cheated before Ramazan did the same afterwards, and to stop eating field-mice never stopped

A ~ary Slessor Memorial cause last Wednesday a big lion met them with the incoming mail and there A KPAP is the principal town of the was a wild scramble for right-of-way. . up-river people who first heard The men are rough government solthe Gospel from Miss Mary Slessor. diers with not a taint of piety, but Although the district is one of pagan when they got out of this trouble withpeople and wild bush, two women live out even a scratch, the decent fellows there. in honor and safety, and evangel- all ~ec!ared that. it was the presence ize the district around them. There is of m1SSlOn letters In the mail that saved no man missionary, but one of the th~m from. the. lions for, said they, women acts as pastor, preaching in qUtte sanct1momously, (Mission letters Efik: The people are greatly interested in the Slessor Memorial Home and are prayed-for letters," and the prayers have' sent nearly $100 towards' that followed th.em all the way. Better still, they all saId when they got their disfund.. charge they would come and live with African Tests for. Church Membership us to get the Gospel.

T HE requirements for church mem- The death of a king has called me bership which are enforced by the to. do some:: v:~y opportune preaching. LIke all pnm1tIve people, the Africans Presbyterian missionaries on the Con- concentrate on such a primitive thing gq are suffidentlysevere to make the as death: they call a tribal halt and for relation with the church indicate an days. and days !hey magnify death, intellectual as well as a moral achieve- makIng I?u~h of 1ts sting and strength. ment. . B~t a kIng s death caps the climax: . Before applicants for admission into trIbesmen with spears glistening in the the church can be admitted to com- sun stream in from far and near and mu?ion, they must commit to memory, now it is, with the air so full of' fatthe~ the missionary should seize on bes1des the Shorter Catechism the fol- lowing Psalms: 1, 23, 32, 37'and 51; great opportunity to get them all by the entire Sermon on 7t;hteheMthoiurndt~nads the open grave and preach Christ as given'in Matthew 5 to King of the keys of death. fourteenth chapters of John; the There is preaching going on all over t~elfth chapter of Romans; and the th1~teenth chapter of I Corinthians, the town and each new detachment of Af~er all of thi~ has been creditably official m?urners as it arrives gets its rec1t~d! the apphca!1ts are still kept on owl?- speCIal message. The most im- probatIOn for a penod of three months, posmg of these arrivals is from Mpweto, on the north shore of Mweru to· show by their consistent life that Lake, where one of our evangelists they understand what they have has been doing valiant service and learned, ~nd the seriousness of the these enemies of the Gospel repo;t ruesteps they are about t6 take. Naturally fully that 124 souls have deserted the devil and are following Christ." those of old age cannot commit the above ~o memory as easily as can the young, and their examination is not so rigid; but recently seven old men were Troubles of Zulu Women adtl1!tted to full membership, who had pers1stently and continuously studied THE heathen Zul!1s h~v.e legal rights these .requirements for five weary of sale and d1spos1tIon of their years In order to become communicants, w~men folk. This custom of lob ala e~ables a man to sell his own mother At the Funeral of.a King (1f she be a widow), his sisters, nieces, 'THIS "." daughters. There are lashes, which , ,~~~te.r, wntes Dan Craw- are specially used for thrashing girls . ford, WIll go sC!uth, guarded by and women when they refuse to marr SIX men who carry S1X long spears be- the men picked out for them. Chrii-

NEWS FROM MANY

tian girls are the victims of these Abyssinia and Christianity heathen customs. Here a Christian girl of eighteen is carried away bodily, INASMUCH as few States of the struggling hard, and forced to marry world have so old a Christian record a man she does not want and who treats her cruelly. Another fine girl of as the Kingdom of Abyssinia; there was the same age, a Christian worker, well much consternation when the young trained and a pupil teacher, is afraid Emperor, Lij Yasu, became a Moslem.. to go near her home, as she is hunted According to a writer in Life and by her two brothers who are trying to WorR, this apostasy is believed to have force her to marry some one. "I be- eeen the result of German influence. long to Jesus," she says. "He has Notwithstanding the discontent aroused bought me with His blood and set me by the act, and by his libertinism of life, free. Why then are they selling my the Emperor managed to maintain him-· flesh and blood?" Some women have self in power by the aid of Mohameven committed suicide, hanging them- medan tribes on the Eastern border. selves to escape the meshes oflabala. Opposition grew; and on September 27th last, during the celebration of the na- MOSLEM LANDS tional feast-day, the head of the national church, the Abuna Matheos; solemnly Islam After the War released· the Abyssinian nation from its . oath of allegiance, and declared Lij CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNER of Yasu to be deposed from the throne. Cairo in a message to missionaries Thereafter, amid scenes of popular enin India puts the issue clearly between Island and Christianity in their mu- thusiasm, the Abuna proclaimed Zaou-· tual relations and shows that this will ditou, younger daughter of .the late not be changed after the war. Emperor Menelik II., as Empress, and installed Ras Rafari as Regent and heir "The universal breaking up caused to the throne.-The Christian. by this war will assuredly bring new opportunities and many increased fa- Sermons in Arabie Papers cilities. Yet, the difficulties of the task of bringing Islam into the obedience DR. NIMIR, the editor of the of God's Christ will be as great as ever M okaham, the leading Arabic they were. The new opportunities will daily paper in Moslem lands, recently not lessen the spiritual and intrinsic attended a church service in Cairo and. difficulties: they will simply make pos- listened to a sermon by Dr. Samuel sible ~ew approaches. To the great M. Zwemer. The next day the whole AssertIOn the great Denial will still sermon appeared in the paper-thebring the great Refusal; for here we first time such a thing has occurred in are dealing with spiritual, not political Egypt. This paper has a circulation facts. among over 18,000 readers, most of whom are Moslems. Probably not "Nothing is to be hoped from in- less than 25,000 Moslems saw the ser- . ternal reform-the spread of a sort of Reformation-in Islam; for it is by man and read more or less of its these educated persons and reformers message. that anti-Christian religious move-· me~ts are fostered. ap? Islamic propa- Since Dr. Zwemer's return from gatIon movements InItiated. The more China, an increasing number of young . tradition is given up, the greater will teachers and students from govern-· be the prominence given to the Koran. ment schools have been attending his And this 'shortening of the lines' and Sunday evening services. The stusurrender of very easily assaulted posi- dents from the Coptic College and tions may, in truth, only prove a Divinity School have also come freely strength to Islam." -a thing almost as remarkable as the presence of Mohammedan students.

A Call for Missionaries for Turkey AArmenian Courage N American mission~ry in Persia T HE Prudential Committee of the has been deeply impressed by the American Board, at its meeting in December last, authorized the secur- courage and recuperative power of the ing of new missionaries for its staff Armenian people. He says: on the several fields, and made the announcement that it "confidently ex- "No massacre or human cruelty has pects to make a large increase in its been able to crush the spirit of many missionary appointments to. Turkey and the Balkans as soon as war condi- who have suffered so terribly. They tions permit. So far as can now be are wonderfully brave and patient in estimated, the American Board will need at least fifteen ordained men, ten their sufferings. I have heard many doctors, ten nurses, fifteen educators say: 'Never mind what has gone, and ten men of special qualifications, what we have suffered, if only such as business men, architects, agricultur- things are made impossible for our ists and technical workers. All these children in the future.' in addition to the single women who will be required for many departments "I was riding by a ruined Armenand forms -of work." ian village one day when my Turkish guard stopped and began to curse. 'Look at that,' he said. 'Three years ago we completely destroyed that vil- lage and thought we had exterminated its inhabitants. Here they are back Allowing for wives and single again, rebuilding their homes, plowing women, there are perhaps 150 new their fields and gradually accumulaworkers for Turkey to be found soon, ting cattle and flocks. They can't be it may be sooner than we think. destroyed.' I told him the reason was This vote is unprecedented in the that they were God's people."-Men annals of the American Board; it is and Missions.

the largest missionary call for a single W land that was ever issued by a foreign Palestine Mission Restored missionary society. Yet missionaries ITH the hoisting of the British from Turkey now in this country call flag on the tower of David and the estimate altogether inadequate to the freeing of Jaffa, Hebron, Bethle- hem and Jerusalem from the hands of the opportunity. the terrible Turk, three important mis- What Remains of Van Mission sion stations of the London Jewish So- ciety have been reclaimed. The I N Van, Turkey, at the time the war equipment which this society has in began was a flourishing mission Jerusalem will give her a splendid opstation under the direction of the portunity for definite gospel work for the MasL ong the Jews. With the American Board. There was a church, conquering of Hebron and Jaffa, two hospital, schools and other buildings, missionary stations of the United Free with a large staff of workers. Today Church of Scotland have been rethe entire plant is destroyed with the stored. exception of the church, which is now used in the mornings by the Russian Orthodox Church and in the after- Awful Need in Persia C noons by the Protestant congregation. ONDITIONS in Central Persia are"indicated by this cablegram There is much to be thankful for in the fact that even the church was from Douglas at Teheran: "The dis- spared by the Turks in their ruthless tress is appalling throughout the dis~ devastation. But out of it all is com- trict. Almost any amount could be ing a new and bigger chance for Chris- used for general relief. Drought pre-.

tianity to wake the souls of the people vented crops. Locusts and foreign who have been her persecutors.-The troops have eaten the remainder. Great'

Missionary Herald. Moslem populations· everywhere are

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

starving. Scores are dying. Distress- were deeply overcome."-Men and ing appeals come from all the cities. Missions.

The country is impoverished. The only hope is in American liberality." INDIA U. S. Minister Caldwell at Teheran The Empire of India A has reported to the State Department that beggars mUltiply and hundreds CCORDING to recent statistics swarm the streets, piteously crying and gathered in India and Ceylon, the begging, and at times in their despera- entire popUlation numbered 325,392, tion assaulting the besieged. Similar 524-one-fifth of the popUlation of the conditions are reported from all parts, earth. They are living in 2,259 towns provinces and cities of Persia. and 736,708 villages. The area of India, B~rma and Ceylon is 1,913,124 To the Presbyterian Board has come square mIles, or two-thirds that of the the following cable from Teheran: united S~ates, while the popUlation per "Forty thousand destitute in Teheran square mile is 171, or nearly six times alone. People eating dead animals. greater than in the American republic. Women abandoning infants. Essel- Of the total popUlation only about styn feeding 1,200 daily at Meshed. 1,500,000 are communicants or adher- Only limitation is lack of money." . ents of the Protestant Christian Moslems Deeply Moved Church and at least 730,000 villages are still unoccupied by messengers of REV. F~EDERJCK G. COAN of the Gospel. There is still work to be Urumla, PerSia, says: done in India!

"The Mohammedan has been made to realize as never before the great American Indians and East Indians contrast between his religion of cruelty and revenge, and Christianity with its T HE gifts of North American In:. spirit of patience, forgiveness and love dians, who are members of the in not only the spirit of the Christians: l;lUt the great relief work that is being Young Men's Christian sAupspsoocritatoifon~ done .for them. I have heard Chris- are making possible the tiims with streaming eyes asking God to forgive those who had so cruelly traveling secretary who is carrying the wronged them and outraged their benefits of the Association to the villoved ones, and Mohammedans stand- lage people of South Ind'ia. A secreing by have walked away awed, and tary in India says of this work: saying, 'What kind of religion is this that enables them to ask God to for- "The Association rids these people give us?' of debt by bringing freedom from the money lehders; it rids them of dirt "One case that has made a very and disease by introducing sanitation great impression on the Moslems was and inspiring higher ideals; it rids of drunkenness and frees from demon worship by introducing Jesus Christ."

when 1,600 Sunnis had fled from " W their villages on the return of the The Y. M. C. A. of India in the War Russians, thinking they would all be HATEVER the field, the work killed. After the army had passed on, of the Young Men's Christian they were brought to the city of Association is about the only Christian Urumia by the American missionaries, feature in the war." This was the . housed and fed in a mosque until they verdict not long ago of the British could be sent back to their homes. Re~ident in .Hyderabad, the principal Tho,usands of Moslems who passed by that mosque and saw Christians feed- native state In Int hdeiaf. orGceesneinralMMesaoupdoe~ commander of ingand caring for those who a few tamia, telegraphed to Sir James Mesweeks before were destroying the ton, Lieutenant-Governor of the Christianwillages, looting their prop- United Provinces: "As I am advised erty and outraging and killing them, that you are interesting yourself at this

moment in the question of the Young responsible. In Madura, individuals Men'5 Christian Association in Meso- or families were allotted to individual potamia, 1 should like to let you know workers. In Chingleput, where prac- what excellent work that organization tically all the Indian Christian women is doi:lg here and how immensely its in the church took a definite share, cer- efforts are appreciated by all ranks in tain villages were chosen around the these forces." town; the women were divided into One of the workers in India thus bands under leaders and allocated to sums up the extent of the Association's these villages. In places where there activities: are large numbers of illiterate Chris- "Up and down India, wherever there tians, the teaching of a single verse, a are enough soldiers gathered to make single lyric, and a single story to every it possible, from Ceylon to the far Christian, had great effect." Northwest and from Rangoon to Bom- bay; in East Africa, full of malaria; in CHINA Egypt, where we are -carrying on work Lack of Women in Chinese Colleges for Indian troops; among the Indian T HERE are three medical colleges in China that admit women stucavalry in France; and in Mesopo- dents-Peking,Suchow and Canton. tamia from Busra right up to the fir- Among the 1,930 medical students in ing line; in all th~se places we continue China are 120 women. The great need to spend our best efforts. Within a for increasing the number of women _few days of the fall of Bagdad the physicians is seen in the high mortality Association, with the hearty support among women and children, of whom 60 per cent born in China die as a of the military authorities, had secured result of the ignorance of midwives. a large hotel in which to carryon its At least 80 per cent of the mothers are work. In this field alone we have had infected because of improper treat- 120 different secretaries during the ment at the birth of their children. year, although on the average we have Can anyone doubt the great need for < probably not had more than sixty at anyone time and often less than fifty."

Every Member at Work trained nurses and women physicians? There is no greater call in China than D URING the last three years the that of the mothers and babies. South India United Church has There are only 84 Chinese girls at- held a week of simultaneous evangel- tending the colleges in China. If the ism. About one-third of the total same proportion of girls were in the communicant membership of the colleges of America there would only church has taken part. In some dis- be 21 young women college students in tricts and places the average has been all the United States. The only col- a little higher. The South India leges for girls in China are at Nanking, United Church last year decided to at- Fuchow, Peking and Canton, and these tempt to enlist every communicant were founded by American mission- member for this special effort, aiming aries. There are two hundred Chinese to get every member engaged in some girls in the colleges in America.

form of evangelistic work throughout Medical Progress in China the year. In certain places in South I India for short periods this ideal has Tis less than one hundred years been attained.• since the first doctor of modern sci- It was found, says The Indian Wit- ence hung out his shingle in China, in ness, that the best results were secured the city of Canton. He was not a mis- when a definite task was set before the sionary, but the Christian physician of church and before the individual. the East India Trading Company.

"In Dornakal the central committee Seeing China's appalling need and allocated to each congregation a num- being a man of vision, he opened cor· ber of villages for which they were respondence with the missionary

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

boards, which led to the sending of other is a civil engineer, now the the first medical missionaries to that chief Chinese engineer of the Hangcountry. Now China has over five chow-Shanghai Railway. Another, a thousand graduate Chinese physicians, Chicago University graduate, is a hospitals in all parts of the Empire, nephew of Dr. Wu Ting-fang, the medical schools for both men and famous ex-minister to the U. S. A., women, and a program for the imme- and the son of the ChilOcelIor of diate future that is tremendous in the Hongkong University, recently knightscope of its plans. This is the record ed by King George. Another teacher of just ninety years. is a returned student from Germany and a professor in one of the Govern- There are thirteen medical schools ment colleges. The superintendent of having particular interest to missions the school is an A. M. graduate' from and missionaries. Six of these are con- the University of Chicago, and is now ducted as union efforts, while some of head of one of the two departments the others are looking toward union of the Provincial Salt Gabelle, a very as the best means of increasing their important and lucrative position. The strength and efficiency. In medical other teachers are a civil engineer, education for women the chief prob- the head teacher in a mission school, a lems at present are lack of money, returned student from Japan and a lack of women physicians to staff the young doctor. These men are very schools, and lack of enough schools much in earnest, and when in town that can furnish Chinese women with have never been absent a single Sunthe necessary pre-medical education. day. -Missionary Link. They come together once a week to Idols as Kindling Wood study the lesson for the next Sunday, and to discuss their work.-The ONE could hardly imagine a more Christian Observer. revolutionary proceeding in the In a Chinese Prison life of a home than to chop up the household gods and build fires with pRISONS in China are in a chathem. Yet this is what is happening otic state. Peking contains one in many places today under the influence of Christian teaching. Some time in which a visitor saw seventy men, ago a progressive citizen of a town in seated on the wooden floor, each of Central China told his neighbors that whom must serve a term of from it was absurd to worship the idols in three years to the life sentence. the Buddhist temple. After a number They were bare to the waist, and of others were convinced that he was some of them wore handcuffs as right, they took community action and well as chains on their feet. On the transformed the temple into a work- other hand, there is another prison shop and the idols into stove wood. in Peking, which in sanitation, the Even an American missionary had part teaching of trades and other points in the feast in which the meat was compares favorably with the best cooked over burning idols. prisons in Europe. Religious edu- cation is given here in a large room, An Unusual Sunday School with elevated seats, surrounded on three sides by wooden partitions, so A REMARKABLE Sunday School that the prisoners, when seated, is that in Hangchow, China, the could look only in one direction and 120 pupils in which are all students that straight forward, over the head in government schools. These men are of the man in front of him. all from heathen homes and in schools without any Christian influences. "On the wall which the prisoners faced were five paintings. The The teachers are a most interesting middle painting was of Confucius, in group of men. One of them is a ma- robes of blue. At his right were jor in the army medical corps. An-

Buddha, in yellow, and L'lctzu, in the Gospel as yet, but the time of white, while at his left were Jesus, harvest is sure to come."-Men and in a brown robe, and Mohammed in Missions. green. The warden explained that these paintings had been made by JAPAN one of the prisoners, at the warden's own request. Every Sunday there The Japanese and Womanhood is a lecture on Confucianism, lasting half an hour. Then the prisoners FORMERLY the Japanese showed are left in silence. They are expect- their respect for womanhood by ed to gaze at the religious leader they may choose and to fix their worshipping a sun goddess. The mod- thoughts on his teachings. The ern name for woman in Japan is "the warden explained that he believed honorable inside of the house." More there is good in all religions and and more, however, the modern Jap- that each prisoner ought to get as anese women are going out of the much good as he can from the re- house, .both for work and pleasure. ligious leader in whom he trusts."- The education of Japanese women is The Survey. becoming more and more important, but on account of the failure to prooSeed Sowing in Tibet vide proper educational facilities in N the border between China and the past it takes two years longer in Tibet lies the city of Batang, Japan than in America to do the same which is, 'like Denver, "more than a educational work. It requires two mile high. "The altitude is about 7,800 years longer for a child to learn to feet. At this far-off Tibetan city, on read and write in Japan than m the roof of the world, the Foreign America. Christian Missionary Society of the Disciples of Christ has located four A Prescription for a Dying Church missionary families, two medical mis- sionaries and two evangelists. M ORE than one church in the home land, whose membership has so At Batang there is now a small dwindled that the few who are left Tibetan church. a hospital just com- are almost discouraged, might enter pleted, a day school of about one into life by following the example of hundred pupils and a Sunday school a little church in Airin, Japan. Its of about one hundred pupils. The membership had gotten down to evangelistic work is carried on in an twelve. But these twelve got to work. intensive way. In a letter recently Fifty copies of a religio.us paper were received from Mr. Ogden he says, purchased. Each Sunday afternoon "I have visited almost every home was devoted to house-to-house work, within a radius of five miles of Ba- and the papers distributed. The next tang, some several times, and have week fifty new copies were left and not missed the rich or the poor. I the old ones passed on to fifty more have visited all the villages around families. Every visit meant a personal Batang, some two or three times. invitation to attend services. The Each time I go I take tracts and preaching place was filled with hearers picture cards, and tell the message and the meetings had to be repeated from one or more of these in each two and sometimes three times a night home and to any person I meet on to allow the people to hear the Word. the road. I believe in this seed- sowing and 'in this way I get 'ac- Suicides in Japan . quainted with every person in our district. How different the attitude REV. DR. SIDNEY L. GULICK and the reception as compared with says that suicides among Japanese ten years ago! Not many accept students are probably more prevalent than among any other students in the world. The causes he mentions are, first, the high-strung nerves and excep- tional sensitiveness to anything that

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

may be regarded as a personal humilia- tic mass meeting in the evening, each tion; and, second, the extraordinary worker bringing his capture with him competition among students to secure so as to afford him all the encourage- places in the Government schools. Dr. ment possible.

Gulick also notes the three causes But there was much more than good given by the Students' Christian Lit- organization. Such was the devotion erature Society, of which he is a mem- of the workers that during one week ber, namely: the struggle for existence, of effort in a single church, sixty-six . the handicap of poor physique, and the people declared themselves for Jesus absence of an enlightened faith. Christ from henceforth, and in sixteen In 1917, with the consent of the churches, thus wrought in for a month, principals, this Society reached 1,330 eight hundred made the same declarasecondary schools in Japan, contain- tion.

ing some 410,000 pupils, with the "Myojo" (Day Star), its paper for young NORTH AMERICA men; this paper reaches nearly all the An International Conference?

middle schools and colleges to the ex- T HE Federal Council of the tent of about one copy to every seven Churches of Ch;ist in America has students; and to the Society's offer of received an invitation, signed by the a free six months' correspondence course of Christian instruction for Bishop of Seland, Denmark, the Archgraduates over 450 applications have bishop of Upsala, Sweden, and the come in. Young Japanese are thus Bishop of Christiania, Norway, to atbeginning to see that the antidote for tend, through its chosen representadespair is not found in the native re- tives, an international ecumenical conligions, but that the cure for pessimism and despair is spiritual inspira- ference, to be held probably either at tion, such as is found in Christianity. Upsala or Christiania. The Pope and other prelates of the Roman Catholic Church have been invited, with twenty~ Evangelism in Seoul five Protestant communions and· cer- N0 tain special groups. Representatives little organizing ability is shown from both neutral and belligerent in the reports of the. evangelistic countries have received invitations.

campaign conducted in Seoul. The subjects proposed for discus- The city of Seoul, having been di- sion are: (1)· The spiritual unity in vided into four sections containing Christ of His disciples, without loss about four churches each, four church- of loyalty either to the talents and es, one from each of the four dis- duties entrusted to nations or to the tricts, were selected weekly that each, creeds they profess. (2) The short- with its own workers and as many comings of the Church with regard to vnlunteers as would come to them the realization of Christian brother- from other parts of the city, might hood and of the spirit of Christ in all prosecute evangelistic work in its human relations. (3) Possibilities and neighborhood. The workers of each duties of the Church in counteracting church came together at 9 A. M. for the evil passions of war and promot- prayer and conference, after which ing that frame of mind which makes each worker was given a slip of paper for righteousness and goodwill among (five hundred of which had been pre- nations. (4) The Christian doctrine viously prepared) containing the ad- on the sanctity of law and on the work dress of an individual to be found and of international legislation. (5) wrought with. All the workers re- Actual church problems viewed prac- convened at 2 p. M. to report, confer tically and universally and accept the same or a modified as- At a special meeting of the Adminsignment to work with the rest of the istrative Committee of the Federal day and all assembled at an evangelis- Council it was agreed that it was not

advisable for the Federal Council to 2. An 83 per cent. advance in contake definite action on the matter at tributors, or 100 new givers. this time. 3. An accurate, up-to-date live list Baptist Reorganization of church members, 400 in all.

B Y the adoption of a new series of 4. A new inspiration to the whole by-laws, the Board of Managers church. New workers discovered, of the American Baptist Home Mis- new members received, lapsed memsion .Society has created a new form bers restored, the indifferent interestof organization, with co-ordinate de- ed, and the Sunday school helped. partments. 5. At the report supper of the can- Gilbert N. Brink, D.D., formerly vassers the unanimous expression was superintendent of education, has been to make the canvass a permanent and made Secretary for Education and for regular feature of the church's work. Latin North America. Rev. C. A. Brooks, until recently superintendent Progress of the North American Negroes of foreign speaking work, is now secretary of city and foreign speaking F IFTY years ago the negroes in missions. Rev. F. H. Divine, former the United States owned scarcely district secretary of New York and Northern New Jersey, has been made the clothes on their backs; to-day, acsecretary of the department of church edifices and parsonages. L. C. Barnes, cording to the Home Mission Month- D.D., field secretary, has charge of the departments of field work and English ly, 250,000 of them own 20,000,000 speaking missions, and of evangelism. Secretary Charles L. White has been acres of fertile soil and on this and made executive secretary of the Society. other land which they rent they culti- The secretaries and the treasurer vate over twice as many acres as are form a Headquarters Council, the chairman of which is the executive ,contained in all of the farm land of secretary. This Council meets frequently and confers upon matters of import- New England. Illiteracy, which fifty ance that are brought before it by its members, thus securing for each the years ago stood at 90 per cent., has advice of all. Matters of special importance or those upon which there is been reduced to 30 per cent., and likely to be a difference of opinion are presented thus to the Headquarters Negroes constitute nearly three- Council and upon its recommendation are submitted to the board of .man- fourths of the teaching force in schools agers. This plan has already led to very fruitful results.-Watchman- for their race. In the various steps Examiner. of their advance they have been aided Results of a Canvass by those white people of both South T HE last report of an "Every Mem- ber Canvass" given in the Review and North who recognize that our was from Africa. Now comes one from Ridgewood, New Jersey, which duty lies quite as much in helping the shows the results that may be achieved in a suburban church. Negro of America as his more pic- 1. A 63 per cent. advance in in- turesque brother in Africa. The avercome, or $3,460.64. age white person knows only the Negro servant or laborer, not the teacher, the minister, the doctor; and there is the tendency to judge the race by faults rather than successes. The Negro needs a gospel practiced before him as well as preached; he needs a helping hand, not a discouraging shove when he is trying to climb.

Negro Boys Reformed by Negroes FOURTEEN miles from Tuscaloo- sa, Alabama, is a reformatory school for negro boys, founded by Sam Daly, negro hack driver in an Alabama city.

Although Sam Daly died about three

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

years ago, his wife and daughters con- "I, the undersigned, J. B. Chouin- tinue the reformatory in a very effi- ard, farmer, after having been long cient manner. Starting with less than and carefully instructed in religious a dozen children, often Mrs. Daly has truth in the Old and New Testaments; as many as thirty-five boys in her and after having compared the teach';'

charge at one time. Standing to-day ings of our Lord Jesus Christ with beside the old farmhouse is a one-room those of the Roman Catholic Church, iog cabin, the first dormitory; but now. declare publicly that not being able to the boys are quartered in a two- agree with the alterations made by this storied, wooden frame building, erect- Church, I today leave it for good, fully ed mainly by the boys themselves. This determined to follow only the sound new dormitory, not yet completed in doctrine of the Gospel. For this rea- the interior, will accommodate nearly son I attach myself to the French a hundred people. Of the five hun- Baptist Church of Lac Long. I also dred acres embraced in Mrs. Daly's call upon my French Catholic friends farm, a large portion is under cultiva- who read these lines to sound the tion. Here under a capable overseer Scriptures and to have no other these boys raise corn, cotton, peanuts, Shepherd than Jesus.-l. B. Chouinpeas and hogs. No boy is admitted to ani.

this reformatory unless the courts THebrew Christians to Confe. have convicted him of some misde- HE Hebrew Christian Alliance of meanor. The boys are of all ages and America, in issuing the call for its degrees of intelligence. fourth annual conference, which is to A negro minister acts as overseer on be held in Chicago, May 27 to 31, the farm, and has charge of the week- states the following as its aims: ly Sabbath school and preaching service in the little chapel. Nowhere else "1. To bring into brotherly relaexcept at Tuskegee will you hear the tions, for their mutual spiritual old hymns sung with as much vim and strengthening, the thousands of the enthusiasm as by these boys. scattered Hebrew-Christians on the North American continent on the basis WApplies to Women of our common salvation in Christ. OMEN in uniform or members "2. To extend a hand of succor and of parties containing women in uniform cannot be served alcoholic practical counsel to lonely and disbeverages in the leading up-town couraged converts of the house of Israel, who crave that intelligent symhotels of New York City, according pathy which they can find only in a to an announcement made by the hotel Hebrew-Christian environment. proprietors. "3. To present by voice and pen a The order means that hereafter )lllited testimony to the Lord Jesus as women doctors, nurses, motor drivers the Messiah of Israel to the Jewish and telephone operators wearing a community-American and immi- grant, reformed or orthodox. khaki uniform or nayy blue uniforms "4. To cultivate legitimate points of of Uncle Sam will do exactly as the contact with the Jewish community, men in uniform. They will be forced struggling towards the re-establishto drink soft drinks or nothing.-The ment of a home in our ancient father- American Issue. land, in order to demonstrate that our W A Public Confession of Faitb abandonment of Judaism is not meant HEN French Canadian Catholics to be understood as apostasy from the are converted to evangelical .Tewish people-our 'kinsmen accord~ Christianity, it is the custom for them ing to the flesh'-but that we too deto make a public statement of their sire to labor for their welfare and faith. The following, dated at Lac prosperity. Long, Temiscouata, Quebec, is said "The Alliance was formed by the to be typical: good hand of our God upon us during

the war which is overturning the old for 985 graded schools for the coming world-order and working tremendous school year-160 more than the present changes for the Jewish people also. number. Furthermore, the school'

The capture of Jerusalem by a Power year has been lengthened from nine friendly to the Jews on the anniver- to ten months, which naturally calls sary of its re-conquest by Judas Mac- for an increased expenditure in teach- cabeus, the founder of the last Jewish ers' salaries.

State before the first coming of the In Santo Domingo Messiah, is in itself a significant sign. Let us wait together on the God of T HE first American Protestant our fathers, that such light and guid- Episcopal missionary to the Doance may be granted unto us in this hour of crisis as will point out clearly minican RepUblic has arrived safely the path in which we must walk as a at Santo Domingo. Bishop Colmore Hebrew-Christian community." reached there shortly after Mr. Wyllie and on the first Sunday held services which he describes as follows: War Benefits Alaska "It was wonderful on Sunday morn- ing to celebrate the Lord's Supper at N o district school among the snow- seven and to preach at half past nine covered hills or icy fields of in the old fort where Columbus had Alaska is too small to be lined up for been confined in chains in the country war work. The superintendent of the he had discovered. All the heads of Southeastern district school division the Government were present, includhas commandeered all the children ing the American minister, sitting in and announced a program as well for camp chairs or on long benches which their mothers and elders. Every girl had no backs. Beside these, there were from the third grade up must learn marine officers, enlisted men, civilian to knit-if her teacher does not know men and women, and several Englishhow she is referred to Alaskan women speaking blacks. We had an altar confor instruction. The school course, structed in the fort prison, an enlisted too must include instruction in First man played the piano, and three others Aid and the study of the United -college men wHo have enlisted for States policy in the war for democ- the duration of the war-formed our racy. The present war, the superin- choir. Everyone was most attentive tendent affirms in his instructions to and reverent, and expressed his pleasteachers, is for the benefit of Alaska ure and gratification at the service." as weIl as civilized people everywhere. For Young Men in Mexico LATIN AMERICA THE Young Men's Christian Asso- In "Dry" Porto Rico ciation in the City of Mexico re- Since March 2nd it has been unlaw- ports that in spite of the disturbed con- ful in Porto Rico to buy or sell or give ditions, the membership of the Assoaway intoxicating liquors. In spite of ciation reached its highest point this the loss in revenue from this source the year-l,8S7. One of the members, treasurer of Porto Rico, Mr. Bene- the head of a large tailoring. firm, dicto, feels confident that dry Porto was convinced that the Association Rico can still pay its way. The ene- could do for his employees what mies of prohibition predicted that the it had done for himself, so he loss of the liquor revenue would handi- had thirty-seven of them enrolled .as cap the schools, but, on the contrary, members, paid the entire bill, presented the legislature has voted larger appro- each of them with a gymnasium .suit priations this year to the school de- and installed at his own expense partment. Commissioner of Educa- enough additional lockers to serve the tion Miller in his address to the Teach- whole group. It is also said that Mexi- ers' Association in Mayaguez, recently cans now· outnumber foreigners on the stated that provision had been made secretarial staff.

1918J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Mission Schools Appreciated vent revolutionists increase each day, and I fear that very soon the Costa SENOR EMETERIO DE LA GAR- Ricans, already tired of the torture in- ZA, JR., one of Mexico's most dis- Bicted by the Dictator, Tinoca, who is tinguished lawyers and statesmen and supported by the revolutionists of a member of the Mexican congress Nicaragua and other foreigners, will under three regimes, replied as follows soon go to the sacrifice. My country- to an inquiry as to Mexico's desire for men will be sacrificed because they are an increase of Protestant missionary without arms and it is impossible for work: them to obtain any. "From all accounts, the conditions "Absolutely yes. Why? Because in Costa Rica are very terrible. Tin- the Mexican people, like everybody oca, upheld and supported by foreign else, are perfectly willing to receive the investors in Costa Rica and aided and benefit of such a religion. They will abetted by the worst professional rev- not stick to the candle when they can olutionists in Central and South have the electric light, nor will they America, has inaugurated a reign of stick to the donkey when they can terror. Street meetings or house gath- have the Ford. I know, because I am erings are prohibited; many common a man dealing with the public affairs rights of the people have been abro- of my country. I know of the enthu- gated; letters are opened in the post siasm with which they have responded offices; taxes are beyond reason. to missions in the past. The fruits of Tinoca has succeeded in establishing mission work are enjoyed in many what amounts very nearly to an auto- places. The day in which the United cratic and conscienceless monarchy. States will send to Mexico an army of And the people are helpless !" teachers and missionaries, instead of an army of soldiers and marines, that This little Republic is the field of day would your country be rendering the Central American Mission and of a great service to my country and to the Jamaica Baptist Missionary So- humanity. Education is one of the big ciety. solutions of the Mexican problem. Supplying schools is a fundamental EUROPE question of reconstruction, but the government cannot go into it because For German Prisoners in England of the unspeakable financial condition of Mexico at the present time. We ONE of the most striking demon-' had 11,000 schools in 1910. We have strations of the essential spirit of almost none now. We need 100,000. We welcome the mission schools." Christianity in the course of the War is the work of the British Y. M. C. A. Disorder in Costa Rica in the prisoner-of-war camps in Great Britain. Figures for one year give A TTENTION is called by a con- some idea of the extent of the activi- tributor to the New Yark Times ties. to "the orgy of lawlessness and gov- ernmental disruption in the usually During 1916 the Association was in stable Republic of Costa Rica." He effective contact with thirty-six camps, quotes as follows from a letter written containing 33,580 men. In these camps to him by a prominent Costa Rican: there were, in 1916, twenty groups meeting for Bible study, with a total "E'tch day the conditions in Costa average attendance of 430; under edu- Rica are more disastrous. Recently in cational work sixty-two subjects were five different parts of the country taught in 329 classes to 4,729 men; at groups of the best class of men in the 1,339 educational and popular lectures republic resorted to arms in despera- there was an average attendance dur- -tion at the persecution and ill-treat- ing the year of 206. ment they have received. These fer- One secretary writes: "It is difficult to overestimate the value of the Asso- ciation buildings. From the monotony

of the heterogeneous barrack-room life, Among Dutch Students with its lack of privacy or quiet, men have been able to find in these halls A NEW spiritual current in the cheer, fellowship, quietness and ~on­ Dutch student world has been regenial surroundings for readmg, ported. The old days,of materialism thought or meditation. are passed and there is a pronounced tendency toward religion. "Christmas time means more to these prisoners than it does to us. One of the evidences of this is the Right in the summer men talk of the growth of the Dutch Student Chris- Christmas festival of six months be- tian Movement, affiliated with the fore. The Young Men's Christian As- World's Student Christian Federasociation was able to provide a num- tion. It has increased from 533 member of Christmas trees and specially bers in 1915 to 783 in 1917. prepared hymn-books; and the prisoners themselves provided the music, the It is remarkable that this extension of impressiveness, and the Christmas the work has taken place during the spirit." war, when so great a proportion ?f the The English Type of Islam students are in the army and not III the university. One of the leaders writes: T HE Mohammedan Mission to Eng- "Three years ago some members of land continues its work, with head- our movement opposed the plans for quarters at Woking. It has recently extension, holding that this was not the been pointed out that the form of Is- time as everything was too uncertain lam which is propagated in the Wok- and 'there would be no money availing Mission is very far from being the able. We held, however, that if God accepted orthodox kind. The leader gave the opportunity, He would also is a member of a sect known as Ah- give the means, and if there was work madiya, founded by a Punjabi teacher before us, we had to do it and not some thirty years ago. It represents worry about ,the future. Certainly an endeavor to reconcile Islam to a then, it was our duty to go ahead, so certain extent with modern thought, we have advanced until now we have so as to turn the edge of the chief ob- had no failures to record but many . jections to it on the part of Christians. things for which we can be thankful." Islam is represented as the religion of toleration and as being the rational " T Missions in Italy in War Days form of religion best suited to the en- HE war has greatly reduced lightenment of the twentieth century, our staff," writes Rev. B. M. The idea of the fatherhood of God, Tipple, D.D., of the Methodist Miswhich is utterly contrary to the teach- sion in Rome. "Most of our minising of Mohammed, is frequently ters are at the front. The laymen of brought in. Polygamy is represented our churches-those between the ages as temporary and partial, as a conces- of eighteen and forty-five-are either sion to the needs of human nature. The dead or under arms. The older men existence of slavery in Islam is blunt- and those who have been rejected bely denied. In its propaganda Chris- cause of some physical disability, are tian methods are plentifully adopted. doing home-guard duty or some work which makes it possible for the army Efforts have been made by Chris- to carryon the war. But those who tian laymen, both English and Indian. are left are going on with the work to counteract the Mission on the spot. and the whole attitude of the Govern- Tracts have been written to explain ment is one of deep sympathy ansi bewhat Islam really teaches, and what lief in us. It is eager for such educathe position of womanhood in Islam is, tional work as we are doing to fit for these reformers boldly maintain Italian boys for the reconstructiof' that Islam has improved the condition work which must soon come.

Qf womanhood. "The women of Rome, Genoa, N a- pIes, Florence and Milan have organ-

ized themselves and are giving sacrifi- all that he is and all that he has, who cial service. Their work is nothing can see any part of himself or his pos- short of hemic when you consider sessions taken for the benefit of that their poverty, the high cost of living, cause and still feel no sense of loss. the fact that all the bread-winners are In place of lamentation for what he is at war and the meager amount of deprived of, he is conscious of a pridemoney received from the government, ful honor in what he has been enabled which does not provide the actual to contribute to the purposes that seem necessities of life."-Christian Advo- to him worth more than his life.

cate. In this high mood the word of Christ saying, "It is more blessed to A Program for Jewish Missions give than to receive," rises into a mys- tic significance, cleared completely W HILE there have been at differ- from the suspicion which among the ent times conferences on Jewish selfish and uninspired treats it as a missions, a gathering in London in fanciful paradox. When one's giving, October of representatives of all Brit- either of himself or what he has won ish societies working for the evangeli- and earned, becomes to him a title-deed zation of Israel was the first occasion of comradeship in the mightiest things on which representatives of all British that God is seen doing among men, Jewish missionary societies had as- then the joy of bearing a share in sembled together for the definite object making the world better and mankind of having mutual counsel on their com- happier appears more than worth any mon work and seeking for ways of co- price that it costs. The blessedness of giving is for those from whom nothing operation. can be taken away because they have The following practical steps were already dedicated everything. – The Continent. agreed upon: First, the unanimous resolve to issue a series of present-day AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS tracts, having as their object the enlightening, as to Christian truth, the Prohibition in Australia minds of cultured, educated Jews and of those emerging from the darkening A NATIONAL Prohibition League bondage of official Judaism; second, has been organized in Australia, the carrying on of a periodical de- with headquarters at Melbourne. Its signed to reach all Jews in thei~ own object is simple and direct: To secure tongues-Yiddish and Hebrew-that total prohibition by the will of the peothe Chdstian view of things may be ple, expressed in due form of law, more fully set before them; and third, of the manufacture, importation and what is most hopeful and promising of sale of alcoholic liquors as beverages. all, so far as co-operative work is concerned, the establishment of a perma- At present the naval barracks, worknent body representative of all the so- shops, docks, etc., are under prohibicieties, which would arrange for an tion, but constant efforts are being annual conference on Jewish mission made by the liquor people to violate questions and take thought for further the policy of the commonwealth and methods of co-operation.-Record of the League proposes to help stand United Free Church of Scotland. guard. The military camps have a dry canteen, which also is being watched. Given; Not Lost The Minister of Defense closes the liquor bars at various ports when ships A BRITISH SOLDIER invalided arrive with returned soldiers, but the home with his arm amputated at protection needs to' be extended. the shoulder, it is related, refuses to let any of his friends refer to his hav- oProsperity in the Philippines ing "lost an arm." Says the soldier NE section of the world that is exmanfully, "I did not lose it; I gave periencing great material prosperit." … It is the man who has con- ity, with its accompanying spiritual secrated himself to an unselfish use of

dang~rs, is the Philippine Islands,. Conference to every General Confer- The Philippine Free Press, says: ence from 1888 to 1916, and the Ecu- "Here in the Philippines we have menical Conferences of 1901 and 1911. been caught up in the common whirl Since his death the Methodist Book and are going faster than ever before. Concern has brought out his latest Automobiles are multiplying at an as- book, "A History of the Methodist tounding rate; an aviation corps has Episcopal Church in Mexico."

been organized and aeroplanes with Dr. N. W. Clark of Italy their 150 miles an hour will soon be humming overhead; then we have our pROTESTANT forces in Rome National Guard and are talking big of mourn the death, in his sixtieth a patrol on the Mexican border or a flutter in the great game in Europe; year, of Rev. Dr. Nathaniel Walling Japanese and Hawaiian capital!sts are Clark, of the Methodist Episcopal Miscoming to our shores and spymg out sion, which has occurred in New York the land and finding it very good; for- City, on March 10th. From 1889 until tunes are being made in copra and in 1896 Dr. Clark was president of the coconut oil, and soon we shall have our Reeder Theological School in Rome; sugar barons and our hemp barons in 1901 and 1902 he served as Traveland our tobacco barons; we are begin- ing Secretary, for Europe and the Lening to feel like a little world power, vant, of the World's Student Christian offering our destroyer and our subma- Federation; and from 1903 to 1904 he rine to the United States; and on every was president of the Methodist College hand we are making more money than in Rome. He then became superinever- before." tendent of the Methodist Episcopal Church for the District of Rome, a position which he held until he re- OBITUARY NOTICES turned to the United States for a John W. Butler of Mexico furlough that ended in his death. Dr.

REV. JOHN W. BUTLER, D.D., Clark was an able organizer, and a whodiedinMexicoCityonMarch ripe scholar. 17th, was one of the best known missionaries in, the Methodis~ Church. Rev. E. P. Dunlap of Siam His 'father, a pioneer missionary in India, was also the founder of Meth- O N April 4th word was received, at odist missions in Mexico, and it was the offices of the Presbyterian to the latter field that the son turned Board of Foreign Missions, of the for his life work. death in Siam of Rev. Eugene P. Dun- lap, one of the ablest -and most hon- During the forty-four years of his ored missionaries in Asia. Dr. Dunservice for the Methodist Episcopal lap went to Siam in 1875 and has been successful in reaching many remote Church in Mexico, Dr. Butler held parts of Siam in his itinerations. He various positions. Beginning as Pub- has founded many churches and lishing Agent, he became Presid- schools. A fuller account of his life ing Elder of the Hidalgo District, the will appear later. Central District and the Mexican Dis- trict in turn, edited a Methodist paper Dr. Paul Gottfried Frohwein O called El Abogado Cristiano. acted as N January 1st word was received of the death on December 17th president of the Mexican Methodist Institute and of the Theological School of Dr. P. G. Frohwein,. medical mis- and had oversight of the Juarez School sionary of Wilna, Russian Poland. By for boys' and the girls' school of the his death there was taken away a rare orphanage. In addition to his regular missionary and Christian physician, work he wasn,ever too busy to take an who laboreij' among the poor and sick, active interest in ev~ry benevolence particularly the Jews, both orthodox for the American colony in Mexico. and unbelieving. He was a represent, He was ddegate for the Mexico ative of the British Jews Society.

Conversion of Europe. By Char!es author interprets as referring to mis-

Henry Robinson. 8vo, 640 pp. wIth sionaries the allusion in the third Epis- maps. $6.00 net. Longmans, Green tle of John to those who "for the sake & Co., London and New York, 1917. of the Name, went forth taking noth- ing of the Gentiles." Eusebius refers The title, "The Conversion of Eur- to .the missionary work carried on by ope," in view of the present ghastly the Christians immediately following war with its incalculable human sacn- the apostolic age. At the beginning of fice' and economic waste, might be the second century itinerant mission- aries bore the title "apostle," but the construed as the very quintessence of name apostle presently ceased to be applied to them owing to the increased satire. But it is not so to be con- reverence felt for the original apostles. strued. Dr. Robinson, who is Honor- In the third century Origen declares ary Canon of Ripon and Editorial Sec- that it is a distinguishing characteristic retary of the Society for the Propaga- of the Christian to regard himself as a tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, missionary. Thus he writes, "Chris- tians do all in their power to spread gives us in scholarly fashion the story the faith." CAh, if this were true of of the spread of the Christian faith us all in modern times!) throughout Europe. He has gone back We admire the thoroughness of the to the earliest existing authorities, and author's discussion of Christian origins in Ireland, Scotland, England copious foot-notes and thirty-two and Wales. It may be doubted whether pages of bibliography indicate the any other book in any age has done sources of his information. Let not finer justice both to history and tra- dition so far as they relate to this sub· the reader turn away from the title, ject. The author makes no fanci~ul "The Conversion of Europe," because claims and allows none. He deals dIS- of the shocking exhibition of persis- creetly with the statements of ecclesi- tent strains of unconverted humanity astical historians who give free rein to imagination and who are not over- in Europe. There has always been an conscientious in distinguishing authen- unpurged residuum of barbarism in tic chronicles and the inventions of every civilization which has been "poetizing clerks."

touched by Christianity, however How the Gospel first came to France deeply, as Canon Robinson says: is vastly interesting, and the relation between the Christians in Gaul and "The kinowledge, for instance, that Ireland in the first centuries of the Christianity only displaced 'paganism in Christian Era is much more intimate some parts of modern Prussia during the than the average reader may imagine. fourteenth century and that the people As God counts time, it is but yester- who were then converted, after being day that the same difficulties mission- treated with every refinement of cruelty, aries encounter now in remote parts of were finally <given the choice of death or conversion, may help us to under- Asia and Africa confronted the men stand, and should mitigate our denucia- who undertook the evangelization of tion of the. barbarities that have been committed by descendants of these con- Europe. verts in the course of the recent war. If the British, the French and the Italians "To plunge into these terrible forests, have departed less widely than have the to encounter these monstrous animals Prussians from the dictates of Christian- . . . requirc;d of courage of which noth- ity in their conduct of the war, they ing in the existing world can give' us an have had resting upon them obligations created by the fact that Christian influ- ences have been working amongst them for more than twice as long as amongst . their northern foes."

It is amazing how few and frag- mentary are the references in the writ- ings of the Fathers to the missionary activities of the early Christians. The

idea. • . . The monk attacked these cent volumes on the subject is Olgin's gloomy woods without arms, without "The Soul of the Russian Revolution," a title somewhat misleading, since the sufficient implements, and often without book does not describe the present a single companion…. He bore with him a strength which nothing has ever surpassed or equalled, the strength con- revolution. There is, indeed, nothing ferred by faith in a living God. • • . about it except the barest outline in See, then, these men of prayer and peni- the last eight pages of what took place tence who were at the same time the more than a year ago, even that outbold pioneers of Christian civilization and the modern world • . . They line stopping with the abdication of plunged into the darkness carrying light the Czar. The value of the book lies with them, a light which was never- in the fact that it gives a historic more to be extinguished." perspective which enables the reader The story of Christian beginnins in to interpret what is taking place tothe Balkan Peninsula is, perhaps, less day. Professor Siskhovitch, who known than that of any other consid- writes the introduction, well says that erable part of Europe. Dr. Robinson when we are reading about our own gives full space to the progress of political affairs, a simple narrative of Christian missions in Germany and events may suffice, for with the social Austria. and historical background we are pre- sumably quite familiar. To the simple Not the least interesting section of story of events we add our own knowlthe book relates to attempts to con- edge of the background, and we unvert the Jews in Europe. But the consciously supply the social psycholchapter on Russia is most enlighten- ogy that is behind the events and ing. The "conversion" of the Russians which make them intelligible. Quite was in no sense less sincere than .that different is the situation when we are of the Teutons. dealing with the social and political events of a distant land, the back- All in all, this book is an indispensa- ground of which we know little. The ble aid to the student of Christian mis- . mere narrative of the events, no matsions through the centuries. We be- ter how accurate, does not supply us lieve that it will take its place among with the means of understanding them. the first authorities on the subject. This is precisely the situation in which The implications of the story are both illuminating and startling.

The Soul of the Russian Revolution. the English-speaking world finds itself By Moissaye J. Olgin. Introduction in regard to the Russian revolutionary by Vladimir G. Simkhovitch. Illus- movement, and this is why Olgin's trated. 423 pp. Henry Holt and Company. New York, 1917. $2.50 net. volume should be carefully studied. He is a Russian himself, thoroughly The Russian Revolution is the ab- familiar with "the soul" of his people, sorbing topic of thought and conversation everywhere. Men are beginning in deep sympathy with the revolutionto realize that it is not only one of ary movement, and able to explain it the vastest, but one of the most sig- to the world as no outsider could do. nificant, events of this extraordinary He well says that the revolution is more than a change in the form of period in the world's history. As it government or in the civic rights of develops, its aspects become more and more ominous, and it is urgently de- the people. It is the awakening to sirable that people in other lands self-consciousness of a great nation should understand it. Unfortunately, shaken to its foundations, the groping of vast masses toward a new social, the average man reads nothing but political, and spiritual freedom far exthe newspapers, which cannot give ceeding that contained in revolutionmore than partial and censored news. ary programs. It is, therefore, exceedingly important The book is divided into four main that good books on Russia should be sections. Part first treats of the sostudied. One of the best of the re- cial forces in Russia, such as industry, labor, agriculture, the peasant and ab- Among the most notable features of solutism in theory and practice. Par.t the biography are the accounts of the second deals with "The Great Drama," fight against cholera and typhus; the the public beginning of which, save illustration of "I stand at the door and for sporadic outbreaks which had pre- knock"; the answer to Moslem unceded it, the author places in the Revo- belief; the work of the Boy Scouts; lution of 1905; that tragic but premature uprising of a revolution which the Turkish game of bluff. had been long in developing, but which Dr. Ussher has given us a most had not yet attained sufficient magni- readable book and a convincing argu- ment to critics of missions.

tude to carry it through to a successful The Manual of InterchUl'ch Work. Intermination, and which therefore troduction by Fred B. Smith. Edited ended in blood and apparent ruin, only by Rev. Roy B. Guild. 221 pp. 60 secretly to gather a new force and cents. Published by the Commission intensity until it could break out again, on Interchurch Federation of the Fedthis time to triumph. The next main eral CouncIl of the Churches of Christ section of the book is entitled, "Fight- in America; New York City, 1917.

ers and Dreamers," and effectively de- We have often been reminded that scribes the portents of the coming the proper correlation of forces on the storm; while the closing section deals mission field would be equivalent to with the incidents which found their doubling the number of missionaries.

culmination in the coup d'etat of Daily our attention is drawn to the March, 1917. A special feature of in- waste of money and of manhood due to the overlapping in America. At terest in the book is its use of Russian Pittsburgh, October, 1917, there was literature, revealing sadly but vividly held a Congress on the "Purpose and the sorrows and tragedies and aspira- Methods of Inter-Church Federations of the people. The book is writ- tions." The main task of this Conten in an interesting style, is attrac- gress was to consider the reports of tively printed and bound, has twenty- eight commissions, some of which had six illustrations, seventeen of which been working on their specific probare representations from revolutionary lems for years. The names of the members of the Commissions inspire magazines which were promptly sup- confidence in their findings. Not con- tent with sentimental hand-clasps and pressed by the Russian censor, has statistical appendices, and is carefully indexed. .

An American Physician in Turkey. By verbal, meaningless embraces, the 506 delegates from all the great Protestant Cla,rence D. Ussher, M.D., and Grace organizations of the country set to H. Knapp. Illustrated. 8vo. 339 pp. work to see what had been done and $1.75. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Bos- ton, 1917. what could be done. Recognizing the The story of the Siege of Van and fact that "ideally the Church is the the heroic labors of.Dr. Ussher and his social unifier," they also confessed that associates is already known in in many places "the churches are them- America. This is only a small part of selves causes of faction and Gliscord."

Dr. Ussher's remarkable story. Ad- The manual proceeds to show lin con- venture, service, pioneer medical mis- crete fashion how we can escape from sionary work, massacre, relief work, our shame. Maine has achieved nota- Gospel preaching and personal touches ble results through federation, and the make this a wonderfully interesting principles of the Maine plan are given.

narrative. Dr. Ussher tells of his own A typical report from Ohio is inserted: experiences. He gives incontroverti- "When the Congregational Union re- ble facts concerning' the Turks, the cently took an option on a Cleveland Germans, the Armenians and the Rus- Heights property, the near-by Meth- sians. It is not difficult to form con- odist and Presbyterian pastors made clusions. vigorous protests on the ground that they had been diligently developing foreign missions. Dr. Gulick';; Comthe field for some years, and had just mission on International Justice and come to a point of self-support, and Good Will fittingly closes the reports. that they needed the support of all the "Forty million professed Christians in families in their parishes. In a fine America can make America's internaspirit of Christian harmony the Con- tional policy Christian, if they will." gregationalists surrendered the option But how? The report proceeds to and made plans to secure a site else- show in detail the organization where." One is not sure whether to be through which the Church of Christ proud of the surrender or pained that may undertake "its grea't new task" such a report should seem to be worth of embodying "in international relarecording. tions the spirit and the teachings of Jesus." Again, we have an expert discussion of community evangelism, and, One of our most urgent needs is a again, the report goes into precisely propaganda, persistent, unconquerable, those details which the interested pas- in the interest of a federated and tor must understand. Weare told that effective Christian Church in America. without the assistance of an outside professional evangelist, the churches of We believe that the manual might Indianapolis pursued a plan of evan- well serve as a handbook for the propgelism by which "in the first year aganda. Primarily intended for min- 3,500 people united with the churches, isters the book should be studied with the second year 7,000, the third year care by every theologue and by every 8,000, and the fourth year 8,000." The layman in official position in the technique of shop meetings and open Church. air meetings is helpfully described. African Missionary Heroes and Hero- Dr. Worth M. Tippy, in a valuable ines. By H. K. W. Kumrn. 12mo, report on Social Service, answers such Maps. 215 pp. $1.25. Macmillan Comquestions as any city pastor would pany, 1917. wish to ask: e. g., How far shall I try to co-operate with existing social Africa has produced some remarkagencies? How far shall I go in criti- able men and has been the scene of cism of public officials? What shall many heroic careers. Dr. Kumm, the be my attitude toward Sunday recrea- author of a number of other volumes tion? Can I use effectively the public <;iealing with Hansaland, the Sudan forum? and Nubia, tells in his present vol- ume the thrilling stories of martyrs, Then Charles Stelzle and his com- explorers and missionaries. These inmission give us an illuminating report clude Perpetua, the martyr of Caron "religious pUblicity." The ecclesi- thage; Cahina, the Christian queen astical advertiser has been so despised of Constantine; Crowther, the slave that we have failed to learn how, with- boy who became Bishop of the Niger; out the loss of dignity, the Church Coillard, the French pioneer among may win the attention of the crowd. the Barotse; Mary Siessor, the won- Such practical suggestions as these derful woman of Colabar; and Tucher, abound in the report: "Handbills and the lion-hearted bishop of Uganda-as dodgers have a questionable value and well as other still better known misshould be used only in cases of great sionaries. Dr. Kumm has a picturemergency. They litter up the front esque style and knows how to marshal steps, the letter boxes and the street, his facts and select his incidents to and ordinarily they are so poorly create a deep impression. In some of printed that people do not pay much the chapters the thread of the narraattention to them." tive is somewhat disconnected, but they are all worth reading. These men There are excellent discussions. of and women were those who have been religious education and of home and used to transform Africa.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1917

CHINA-A HUMAN GOD OF

The Bogda or Incarnate Buddha, who is also the Hutukhta or Ruler. Is he worthy of worship and absolute obedience?

MISSIONARY

'EVIEW~ VOL. FEBRUARY, 1917 NUMBER XL Two SIGNS OF THE TIMES QUIET EVANGELISM IN CHINA THE week of February 4th to 11th has been set aside among Chi· nese missions and churches as a week of special evangelism. Rev. W. M. Hayes, of Tsingchowfu, who has been a missionary in China for over thirty years, records some interesting signs of progress in letters froIn native evangelists. The first of these is the prevalent desire of the women to learn. One elder wrote that while itinerating with a tent which seats about 250 it would be packed with men, while many women gathered around listening on the outside. It would offend Chinese ideas as to womanly modesty for them to press into the tent among the men, but they are welcome to all the space there is out-ofdoors. The women stand, shifting back and forth on small feet, straining to hear, and show a yearning to know more of the Christian message.

The tendency to accept Christianity by families seems to be growing. This is the way that the Gospel makes its most substantial progress, not in a wave of excitement, which sometimes does more harm than good, but quietly from family to family and from village to village. The word "family" is used in the patriarchal sense, embracing grandfather, father and sons, several families in one, and frequently in one large compound. Families sometimes offer to furnish a room for the evangelist to stay in, or a larger room for worship on Sabbaths.

Mr. Arthur Polhill, of the China Inland Mission, also writes of a spiritual movement in Chengk'o, an unoccupied part of eastern Szechuan. Many of the wealthy in all directions are destroying their idols, and on a recent Sunday over one hundred men and sixty women were present at the service, so that the meeting place was literally crowded out. Mr. and Mrs. Polhill received an invitation to go to a large coun-

try house to spend three days teaching a wealthy family who want to give up idolatry and ii1entify themselves with the Church. In eastern Szechuan, at Tais·ichen, a large market town, another out-station was opened as the result of the testimony of a Mr. Wang, who has exerted a wonderful influence, so that some thirty families have put away their idols.

ENCOURAGEMENTS IN SHANTUNG ' f { A I WHANG" (opening the wilderness) ·is the Chinese designa- tion for preaching among raw heathen. So vast is the un- touched population and so few the workers in many parts of the Republic that there are thousands of towns, villages and groups of huts where people not only have no knowledge of the "Jesus doctrine," but have never seen a foreigner. The Rev. Charles E. Scott reports that in one section near Tsingtau there are one hundred and eight raw heathen villages. In some of them there has been preaching, and the willingness of the people to listen to the Gospel is remarkable. In part it may be induced by the Chinese feeling of utter hopelessness of the future of their country and lack of all confidence in their officials. The saying among them is: "All officials ought to be put out, but what is the use? If deposed, others just as bad would come to take their place." A new experience as to this willingness to listen to the Gospel is reported by Mr. Scott on a recent trip, when he was invited in these villages to stay and preach in the family temples. "These are ordinary 'Sancta Sanctorum,' where families grouped together worship the ghosts of their ancestors, place their family genealogies, and, locked securely, the tablets of their ancestors. In one place, where they had thrown out their idols, we are planning for a school in the massivebeamed, spacious room, and we not only held worship there several times while I was in the village but even commemorated the Lord's Supper. "In another village an influential priest, the head of a company possessed of some three hundred acres, assured me that his Taoist religion was the same as mine. Welcoming me into his rooms with the wellworn Confucian saw, 'All within the four seas are brethren,' he explained to me the nature of each of the hideous-visaged deities within the temple. Before the great deity of that temple, backed on either side by two monstrous dragons, glaring out from the pillars to which they clung, I prayed to the true God." There is progress evident on every hand. In one Kai Whang district Mr. Scott baptized ten women, who, even last January, were so afraid of the Christian religion that they did not even dare see a Chinese Bible woman. Their fervor in the doctrine and surrender were remarkable. All have unbound their feet. It is unfortunately true, how- . ever, that very few Chinese women have done this. Mr. Scott says that in all his travels through hundreds of villages he has never yet seen a

OF THE

heathen woman with unbound feet. There is still an immense amount of social work to be done among the Chinese, both non-Christian and Christian.

SOCIAL CHANGES AMONG THE CHINESE T HE Christian forces in China are becoming increasingly effective in their efforts to improve social and sanitary conditions in Chi- nese cities. The Young Men's Christian Association has been conducting a city-wide health campaign in Hangchow, which is, in the eyes of the Chinese, the most practical and far-reaching work that it has undertaken. The abbot of the largest Buddhist temple in Cent~al China (a sustaining member of the Association) invited Mr. Turner, the secretary, to repeat his lecture on sanitation in the temple. There were more than IOO priests and about 200 villagers to hear the lantern lecture on sanitation. Mr. Turner distributed tuberculosis story calendars -the story of two brothers; one followed the laws of health and lived to a good old age, the other did not and died of tuberculosis at an early age. A week after the lecture the abbot of the temple came to the Association bringing with him two priests to become members. These men represent much of superstition and yet have latent power. They are now friendly with the missionaries and may become Christians.

The material improvements in the cities have also been largely due to missionary influence and to that of the Chinese students from abroad. More improvements have been made in Foochow during the past year than during the previous fifty years. The Foochow Electric Company now furnishes good light to the public and to householders. Streets have been widened, strengthened and macadamized. Until last January no wheeled vehicle of any kind was used in Foochow. Now three hundred rickshaws, besides several horse carriages, carry passengers cheaper than sedan chairs. The drains have been opened and the streets cleaned, so that both bubonic plague and cholera have greatly decreased. These changes do not merely make China interesting to us. Christianity is responsible, directly or indirectly, for every change.

SUNDAY-SCHOOLS IN THE FAR EAST THE Sunday-school movement is growing in the mission fields and is attracting much. ~tte~tion. This is esp.ecially true in Asia. N 0- where, except posslbly m Egypt and Indla, has the Sunday-school been so effectively used on the mission field as in Japan, Korea and China. This is largely due to superior organization and supervision, cared for in China and in India by full-time special secretaries.

The China Sunday-School Union was formed in I91O, as an outgrowth of the China Centenary Conference of I 907. At first it was a ward of the British Sunday-School Union, but because of war burdens it is now cared for jointly by that organization and the American Section

of the World's Association. In China the Sunday-schools are largely made up of pupils in Christian day schools and higher institutions of learning, of men in the Christian Associations, of catechumens and of relatively few church members. Thus far they are poorly graded and insufficiently provided with competent teachers, the missionaries being almost the only ones thoroughly competent to teach in modern ways. Where no missionary is available, the school is apt to degenerate into a second-rate preaching service. Yet here are gathered 133,474 scholars in over 3,200 schools, and the most manifest need to which the Union is addressing itself is the training of competent teachers. It has prepared a special set of books-six in Chinese and English-cares for two six-weeks' summer schools for training Sunday-school workers and Bible teachers, and issues a periodical well adapted for this end. The present point of emphasis is an adult Bible-class movement for the enlistment, training and use of men and women for effective Bible study and teaching, evangelistic work and Christian service.

Korea illustrates the ideal of all the church in the Sunday-school and of all the Sunday-school in the church. Until recently the eagerness of adults to study the Bible led to the neglect of the children, who must shift for themselves in classes intended for adults. Children outside the church received almost no attention. Thanks to the visit of Dr. and Mrs. Hamill, of the World's Sunday-School Association, and the experiment of Mr. Swinehart, of the Southern Presbyterian Board, which led to the addition of 2,500 to the Sunday-school membership in his Mission, the children are now to be especially sought. The eightyear-old Korea Sunday-School Association reports a present membership of 171,632 scholars and 6,631 officers and teachers. The graded lessons were found to be less suited to Korean need than consecutive Bible study, yet there are four grades in three-fourths of the schools. Most of the teaching is done by Koreans trained in the excellent Bible institutes which are held several times a year for ten days each. When the World's Sunday-School Commission was in Korea three years ago and a Sunday-school demonstration of 15,000 scholars assembled in the old palace grounds, the Japanese officials were so moved thereby that they have since given time there and in America to study the Sundayschool in its relation to the new primary school system and the education of the young in morals. The Young People's Buddhist Society has been stimulated to attempt something of the sort for their children and youth, though with little success.

Japan's forward movement in Sunday-school work dates from 1907, when the National Sunday-School Association was formed under the inspiration of Secretary Frank L. Brown. The first president was Judge Watanabe, now Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Korea. Its two secretaries, one a Japanese and ·the other a trained American worker, Mr. Coleman, of the Society of Friends, are co-operating in the development of appropriate literature, the training of pastors, super-

intendents and teachers through reading and training courses and in workers' institutes. "The Japanese are born teachers," says Mr. Brown, "and through their training in recitation of the legends and hero stories of old Japan are particularly effective in telling Bible stories. . . . Girls from the girls' schools make it a practice to go out by twos and gather the children from the streets into Japanese homes, and there, by the use of a blackboard, wall charts and graded lessons adapted from American models and illustrated with Japanese pictures, these children are very effectively taught."

As Japan is the banner country of the world in school attendance, with ninety-eight per cent of its children in public schools, the problem of grading is an easy one. J apanicized American methods are rainyday tickets, birthday cards, banners, welcome cards, rolls of honor, attendance badges and medals, besides a series of quarterly exercises which are mostly illustrated from Japanese life. As already stated in the REVIEW, the imitation by the Buddhists, and strong opposition of some priests and public school teachers who are Buddhists, are indications of the strength of the movement. Had it not been for the war, the World's Sunday-School Association would have held its convention in Tokyo last year. The 'event has been delayed, but when it occurs it will demonstrate the power of the Sunday-school in the development of individual character, community social service, the national spirit and fraternal bonds between nations.

UNITY IN THE KOREAN CHURCH THERE are signs that indicate a growing sense of unity among the native Christians in the foreign fields where it is to be hoped that the disunion such as exists in Christendom will not be perpetuated. "Ten years ago," writes Rev. C. E. Blair, "the missions working in Korea attained exceptional results along many lines of church union and comity. These have been a great blessing. More recently, special interests have absorbed a predominant ,influence, and a drift toward denominationalism seemed to be setting in. But during last summer a hunger for even better things in Christian fellowship and a sense of duty to give the Korean Church a choice to grow up as one body in Christ without Western denominational stamp moved many hearts, and now we have probably seen the most fruitful steps taken in years toward comity and union. May this new impulse grow till the one Evangelical Christian Church of Korea becomes a reality."

At a meeting of the Federal Council of the missions in Korea, held last fall, resolutions were passed to the effect that the missionaries communicate with the Korean churches, "describing the benefits of the Federal Council of Missions, and suggesting that they consider the advisability of forming a similar body among themselves." This communication was presented to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Korea, where it was favorably received, and a committee was appointed

to confer with any similar committees appointed by the Methodist Conferences.

CHURCH FEDERATION WORK IN AMERICA T HERE are indications that closer fellowship among denominations is more than an academic question for platform discussion. The Commission on Federated Movements of the Federal Council of Churches, of which Rev. Roy B. Guild is the Executive Secretary, declares that there has never been a time when so many ministers and laymen were ready to enter upon a sane and constructive Christian program of co-operation under efficient leadership as now. The secretaries of the Commission recently took a trip through the Western States and discovered the readiness not only of many individual church members, but of home mission secretaries and state superintendents, to put community welfare before denominational growth. In North Dakota the Congregational and Methodist superintendents made a list of twelve towns having both churches, each receiving missionary money. Byagreement, each denomination withdrew from half the fields, leaving the other in charge to the advantage of the community and of the churches.

In Minneapolis, St. Paul, Seattle, Spokane, Portla:nd, San Diego, Denver, strong committees were appointed to promote the organization of city-wide federations, that executive secretaries might be employed to combine the various inter-church committees already existing, and to lead in performing outstanding community Christian tasks. Fourteen other cities throughout the country already have such secretaries at work.

THE INDIAN EVANGELISTIC CAMPAIGN H OPEFUL results are coming from the native evangelistic cam- paign in India. A missionary, closely in touch with the present evangelistic movement, summarizes some results as follows: "The campaign has revealed new opportunities for evangelism which were not fully realized before. In the Madura District many an old Bible was discovered in the houses of Hindus, sometimes read and sometimes unread. Not only so, but this campaign has helped to follow up the pupils of the missionary schools and has provided an opportunity for continuing the work already done in the schools. In some parts it has given a stimulus to old mass movements which had practically died out. Under the impulse of this movement various quarrels and factions in churches have been healed and parties brought together, in some cases in a very remarkable way.

"The movement has also led to the discovery of new methods of evangelism. It shows how the Indian Church will work on its own lines when it is really enthused with the spirit of evangelism. For the Indian Church it means new life. For India it means a new vision of Christ in the lives and in the service of those who are His."

MISSIONARY CONCEPTION OF

T HERE has been born of the great war a demand for a new and truer thought of God. The false glorification of man, of his ability to do anything; the idea of his perfectibility in his own strength, of his mastery of himself and of the tides of social life and feeling, have collapsed, and men who have been thought of as agnostics or religious neutrals have come to realize and confess the world's need of God and of a definite and positive conception of Him. As Qne of these, Mr. H. G. Wells, has just written, "People habitually religious have been stirred to new depths of sincerity and reality and people are thinking of religion who never thought of religion before." And then he adds, "but thinking and feeling about a matter is of no permanent value unless something is thought out, unless there is a change of boundary, of relationship." Not only has the war broken down man's vain self-boasting and compelled him to bow down and look up, but it has taught him that this looking up must involve not a mere vague selfdiscontent but a clean and commanding conception of God. Whatever strength has been disclosed by the war has been found to have sprung from life ordered by great convictions. And the greatest of all convictions is God.

And just because men are now driven to find God are they compelled to turn to the Christian thought of God, which is the only clear and fearless and satisfying idea. Men like Professor Gilbert Murray, another of the minds classed as religiously neutral before the war, have turned to the central truth of the Gospel, the death of Christ for human sin. As the London Christian remarks, "The thought of the innocent suffering for the guilty, once said by liberal theology to be immoral, has been illumined by the red light of war and has brought back to men's minds the central truth of the faith."

And it has been especially the universal conception of the Christian God which the war has lifted in men's thought. The tribal and ethnic gods have paled and the heart of humanity has revolted at the idea of such chaos and civil war in God as follows inevitably from the conception of German gods and French gods and Russian gods and British gods. Men want the one God and Father, and every day that the war lasts deepens that longing.

In other words, the whole great yearning of the world to-day is for the missionary idea of God: one God and Father of all mankind, in whom the whole family of the earth is made one, before whom every race does its own work and makes its contribution to the common service and glory of humanity.

SAPLESS STATISTICS?

ST ATISTI CS certainly-pages on pages of them-but they are' sapless only for those who see meaningless figures in a statistical volume. In our "Missionary Library" will be found a note concerning "World Statistics of Christian Missions," the latest publication of its class. Here we call attention to a few outstanding and eloquent facts, selected from its multitudinous entries.

In this enterprise of Protestantism there are 4 12 different societies directing work on the mission fields, aided by 98 other organizations, which are independent though not directing such operations. Allied societies reporting through the previous groups increase the number by 189. In the year 1915 these societies contributed for the work $38,- 922,822, an amount that has been somewhat lessened by the war. Of the directing societies sending missionaries to foreign fields, 12 are Canadian, 128 are located in the United States, 17 are Australasian, 92 are in the British Isles, 70 are Continental societies, and the remainder have their headquarters in Africa, South America, Asia, Malaysia and the West Indies. Figures like these make one realize that America is not the only land interested in missions; yet it is interesting to note that, in 19 I 5, the United States supplied forty-six per cent of the money expended by the Protestant societies of the world on foreign missions.

In the same year various mission fields had a total foreign staff numbering 24,039, of whom 13,719 were women and 7,041 were ordained men. The medical missionaries totaled 1,052, of whom 743 were men and 309 were women. The stations where these light-bearers were resident were 4,094 in all, counting only once the towns in which a number of Boards were represented. In Tokyo, for instance, thirtyfour societies report missionaries in residence. The native Christian staff co-operating with the foreign missionaries was 109,099 strong, 7,430 being ordained and 19,540 being women workers wholly unsung but greatly useful in the uplift of needy womanhood.

A most hopeful item shows that there were 26,210 organized churches and 30,752 other places having regular services. In these churches were gathered 2,408,900 communicants, with 1,423,3 J 4 others under instruction; also 36,610 Sunday-schools, enrolling 1,777.433 pupils and teachers. The contributions of these congregations for church work totaled $4,5 15 ,984-a sum that should be multiplied by at least five to show its real cost to the givers, most of whom are very poor.

Educational work on the foreign fields is far greater than most Christian givers to missions realize. Here are a few of the data found in the tables: Total individuals under instruction, 1,973,8 I 6; fees received, $1,565,207.

In 1,234 dispensaries medical missionaries gave 8,833,759 treatments during the year, while the 703 hospitals had their 17,364 beds occupied by 253,633 in-patients.

COMMENT

These are a few of the thousands of items recorded in this striking exhibit of foreign missionary activities under Protestant societies. A summary of what Roman and Greek Catholic Missions are doing is also given. The general impression of the volume is at once encouraging and discouraging, according as one thinks of what has been accomplished or of the vastly greater work left wholly untouched. If the reader could sit down for half a day and ask a missionary to interpret the significance of these figures, or selected samples, the value of the volume would be manifest.

THE FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE M ORE than two hundred delegates and visitors recently attended the conference of Foreign Mission Boards of the United States and Canada, held in Garden City, New York, January 9th to lIth.

It was marked by a series of addresses and discussions of remarkable interest and importance. The Committee on Statistics reported a total income of $24,688,728 received by the 130 societies in the United States and $ 1,266,040 in the 16 Canadian organizations. These statistics are more fully given in our insert. They represent the largest sum ever reported for Foreign Missions, and are four times the amount reported fifteen years ago.

The Conference received illuminating reports on the needs and opportunities in Latin America as revealed by the studies undertaken in connection with the Congress at Panama last year. Africa, with its Mohammedan problem and the needs of its great industrial camps and untouched areas, occupied one evening session. Other topics considered at length were those connected with missionary administration, the selection and preparation of candidates, education in the mission field and the cultivation of the churches at home.

Devotion, energy, efficiency and Christian statesmanship characterize these annual gatherings, which have accomplished wonders in the last quarter of a century in bringing missionary agencies together and in developing a harmonized and aggressive policy in Foreign Mission work.

THE HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL THE tenth annual meeting of the Home Missions Council was held in New York City simultaneously with the Foreign Missions Con- ference and the Women's Council of Home Mission Boards. The most important topic brought up for discussion was doubtless the proposal to take steps to unite more closely the home missionary organizations in their common task of evangelizing North America. This is a statesmanlike project and one that cannot but appeal to largehearted, far-seeing Christians.

The President of the Council read a paper in which he proposed that steps be taken to organize and equip an educational bureau which should be a clearing house of information on home missions and a center for supplies. It was also suggested that a field service be estab- lished to eliminate duplication of work on the home field, to forward economy, co-operation and the adequate accomplishment of unfinished tasks. Home Mission Boards have made considerable progress in the last decade, but there is need for a still more energetic and constructive program in order that the problems of the frontiers, the rural commu- nities, the negroes, the Indians, the immigrants and the cities may be studied and solved efficiently. A committee was appointed to consider the proposal. There is reason to hope that denominational rivalry will in time give way before a larger, clearer view of the needs of humanity and the unified program of God.

THE "REVIEW" AND THE BOARDS CO-OPERATION is the modern missionary watchword. Separate and independent agencies may be necessary and best to carryon the work of the various denominations, and each of these agen- cies requires an official mouthpiece. But there are so many common problems and interests, and each agency can gain so much of inspira- tion and instruction from other workers, that there has been an increasing sentiment in favor of a magazine to represent the whole missionary cause, home and foreign.

This sentiment has crystallized in the acceptance of THE MISSION- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD as the magazine which shall be the clear- ing house for information, inspirational ideals and best methods for workers. The present Board of Directors represents various denomina- tions, and there are on this and on the Editorial Council officials of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, the Missionary Education Movement, th.e World's Sunday-School Association, the Edinburgh Continuation Committee, the Latin-American Committee on Co-operation, and the Student Volunteer Movement.

At the recent meetings of the Home Missions Council, the Coun- cil of Women for Home Missions and Foreign Missions Conference, which includes the Federation of Women's Foreign lVlission Boards, each of these bodies, in fine spirit of co-operation, appointed commit- tees to represent them on the Editorial Council of the REVIEW. These committees will not onlv be a channel of communication between the REVIEW and the variou~ Boards, but will help to shape the editorial plans of the REVIEW and to make sure that no field or important work is neglected. It is our hope and belief that the REVIEYv will thus become increasingly valuable and influential among a larger and larger con- ~ stituency.

The progress made since the magazine was taken over by the new

Board of Directors is most encouraging. Already over $46,000 of the $50,000 capital has been subscribed, and the increase in the list of paid subscribers is nearly 25 per cent. If this progress continues, the REVIEW will soon be more than self-supporting, and we will be enabled to make further improvements in the magazine.

Our readers are again earnestly invited to help us advance the cause of Christ among men and women of every kindred, tribe and nation by making the REVIEW a more effective and widely read advo- cate of the accomplishment of the common task of the whole Church.

HOW CAN WE HELP CHIXA?

SEVERAL important articles and items of news this month reveal the present opportunities and the trend of the times in China. The increased interest and receptiveness in villages throughout the Republic show the need for more Christian workers. The awakenings among the women reveal the need for women's colleges. The boys and students are responsive to the influence of the Young Men's Christian Association. The "indemnity students" are being Jrained in America for future leadership in China. As Rev. Robert P. Wilder said at a recent meeting of the China Inland Mission in London: "China seems to be at the parting of the ways. Shall she choose materialism or Christ? Politically and morally her needs are great. One of her sons, a professor in a Chinese college, has said, 'Doctrines of equality and liberty have been interpreted as authorizing a general lawlessness of conduct at home, in the school and in public. The most ardent reformers in China can scarcely wish that the new order, with its many untried innovations, should altogether supplant the old virtues that have held together for so long the component parts of this heterogeneous empire. Among these, filial respect has always occupied a prominent place, but even this is threatened. . . . China is to-day in pressing need of men, men who are willing to sacrifice their lives for a good cause. You cannot find this type . . . in schools which train men to be physically and intellectually strong, but not morally strong. . . . China needs a true religion that teaches men to honor the Supreme Intellect and 'to minister, but not to be ministered unto.' … The men who possess the qualifications to minister can only be found in the school of Christ."

N ow, when workers are most needed, the war is cutting down the youth of Great Britain, and America, alone of all the Protestant Christian lands, is free to send her young men and young women and her money to help train the future leaders of China in the ideals and power of Jesus Christ. MONGOLIA m.-.( … .,….:-"..'..f.W …I…-…..lu.::… ,.u . ……. ""' …. . .• .

-:.:.;M~+~~ ~ . ~r;-,._:…..~..:::::t~== =~~=""

From the book" Vith the Russians in Mongolia"

OF THE MONGOLS, HIS HOl!SE AND

This is the home of one of the ('settled" Mongols. The nomadic tribes live in t ents.

The Neglected Land of Kublai Khan MONGOLIA-A GREAT UNOCCUPIED MISSION FIELD IlY REV. G. H. BONFIELD} D.D., CHINA Agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society Mongolia is a land six tim es th e size of Germany, with 5,000,000 peop/e- mosl of 'Whom are ignoranl and d egraded. Among them are only ten Christian lflissionariei. Think of it! What are 'We going to do about it? R ead this paper 'Writtell by one who has beat among tltem.-EDlroR.

T HE Mongols have recently succeeded in securing for themselves a small measure of public attention. The successful revolution of the northern tribes at the close of 191 I, and the dramatic events which rapidly followed not only brought to the attention of newspaper readers in the West the almost forgotten Mongoli a, but also indicated its political importance to each of the three great Powers which dominate eastern Asia. A glance at the map will show how its geographical position has brought the country within the scope of the conflicting interests or ambitions of Russia and Japan, and has enhanced its value as a loyal and integral part of the Chinese Republic.

On the east of Mongolia is Manchuria; on the west, Chinese Turkestan and Zungaria; on the north and northeast the Russian Empire extends along the frontier for 2,000 miles, while along the southern boundary lie the provinces of China. The approximate area of Mongolia is 1,367,000 square miles, which makes it nearly as large as the

whole of the eighteen provinces of China, or more than six times the size of Germany. The general physical characteristics of the country may be likened to an immense shallow basin surrounded by an irregu- lar series of mountain ranges, scattered hills and undulating plains.

The basin or plateau has an altitude of from 3,000 to 4,500 feet above the sea level, and is broken by spurs and foothills which run out from the mountain ranges and cross it in aU directions. This is especially the case in northern and western Mongo lia.

A considerable part of the central plateau is occupied by the desert known as the Gobi or Shamo. This desert country, however, is not the desolate sandy waste of popular imagination, but rather an arid region-" a rainless sea," as the Chinese describe it. There ar e, especially in the southwest, parched, waterless regions where the sand is blown by the wind into an endl ess series ;f rounded bil- lows ; there a re also stony, ba rren areas in whi ch bare rocks stand up like islands. But there is much good land on which small shrubs g row plenti fully and which yield, when there is a late snowfall or plantiful summer rain, a crop of nutritious grass.

South of th e desert is a fer- tile belt of "grass country" from 50 to 100 miles broad; while on the north, for a breadth of 300 miles, a succession of well-watered A MONGOLIAN "YOURT" OR TENT valleys alternate with wooded hills and stretches of fo rest.

Again, on the east of the Khingans the country is but a continuation of the rich grain-growing and pasture land of Manchuria.

The climate of Mongolia is, for seven months of the year, rigor- ous in the extreme; while the strong winds, which sweep down from the Arctic regions and blow almost continuously, intensify the natural cold and add greatly to the difficulty and danger of winter traveling.

The brief summer with its wealth of sunshine, its cooling rain storms, its exhilarating air, and its long days, is delightful. Given a strong constitution, Mongolia is a healthy country for men from the Vest.

After Mongolia came under the sway of the Chinese they divided it into two unequal parts-Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia. This division, ho·weve r, has an administrative or political rather than a geographical significance. 1nne!" Mongolia consists of the territory occupied by ce rtain of the tribes, who were either allies of the Man-

9 1 7J THE NEGLECTED LAND OF KUBLAI KHAN

chus when they conquered China, or who have since come under the direct control of Peking. It includes that part of the country which lies east of the Khingan mountains and south of the Gobi. Outer Mongolia is the designation of practically all the rest of the country.

WHO LIVE IN MONGOLIA?

For so large an area the population of Mongolia is extremely small. Probably less than 5,000,000 souls all told, and- in this total is inclueed the large number of Chinese who, during the last twenty-five years, have pressed over the eastern and southern borders in everincreasing numbers. The Chinese now not only occupy milch of the best land, but also have flourishing commercial settlements or marts and monopolize most of the Mongol trade.

The Mongols are split up into numerous tribes, which are both grouped in Khanates or leagues, and are divided into clans or banners. Thus in Outer l10ngolia there are four leagues with 86 banners, and in Inner Mongolia six leagues with 49 banners. Outside these leagues and separately organized, or holding special relations to other tribes or to the Chinese Government, there are, in the Kobdo and Altai districts of Outer Mongolia, four Eleuth and seven U rianhai tribes, while in the little known territory that lies north of the Tannuola range there are the reindeer-using Tannu-Urianhai Mongols. In Inner Mongolia, in addition to the six leagues, there are the Chahars, the Tumets, the Alashan tribes, and a small number of the old Torguts or Kalmucks.

Important as the foregoing details of the Mongol tribes and tribal organizations are to an understanding of the Mongolia of to-day, A SCENE ON THE PLAINS OF SOUTHERN MONGOLIA

it will suffice for the general reader to remember the three main historical and geographical divisions, viz., the Khalkas in the north, the Eleuths in the west, and the tribes in Inner or southeastern Mongolia. One other fact must also be borne in mind-the members of all the Mongol tribes now inhabiting Mongolia do not, even on the most generous estimate, number three million souls.

This small remnant is all that now remains of the mighty nation that, under leaders who may be justly ranked with Alexander the Great, Julius Ccesar, and Napoleon, were once the conquerors 'and rulers of the largest empire the world has ever seen. All students of history know that in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the Mongols' not only conquered the whole of China, but pushed their conquests westward through Central Asia into India on the one hand, and Asia Minor and Europe on the other; eastward into the Korean Peninsula, and southward into Cambodia and Burma. Thus at the height of their power, when China was under the Yuan or Mongol dynasty (A. D. f28o-f368), the Mongols held sway over a vast and populous empire, embracing many races and tongues, 1l-nd stretching from the Pacific Ocean westward to Poland and Hungary, and from Siberia southward to the Indian Ocean. The startling rapidity with which the Mongols rose to power and their extraordinary successes are only paralleled by the completeness of their downfall and the speediness of their decline.

In less than one hundred years after they had become complete masters of China and placed their leader, Kublai Khan, on the throne, the grit and spirit, begotten in the fierce struggle for existence on the wild steppes of the north, had so degenerated amid the luxury and effeminate influences of Chinese civilization and city life that their power was gone, and they were swept from the country. The subsequent history of the Mongols has been one of disintegration and decay, and their present condition is as pathetic as it is instructive.

RECENT EVENTS IN MONGOLIA Of the recent political changes in Mongolia it is extremely difficult to write intelligently in the space at our disposal. But it may be explained briefly that the old fear of invasion is the key to the policy pursued by the late Manchu Dynasty toward the Mongols. Tribal divisions were encouraged, Chinese Ambans or resident political officers were appointed, while special privileges were granted to tribes that placed themselves under or supported Chinese rule. Opportunities of further curtailing the independence and weakening the cohesion of the strong Khalka tribes in Outer Mongolia were used without the slightest regard for Mongol rights or interests. Chinese immigration was encouraged and much of the best pasture land has been taken from the Mongols and leased to Chinese settlers; while such advan-

A LAMAIST TEMPLE AND MONASTERY-ONE OF THE CENTERS OF BUDDHIST

tages were given to Chinese traders that the wealth of lYlongolia passed into their hands.

In order to secure redress for their innumerable grievances against the alien official or merchant or farmer, the Mongols could only appeal to distant Chinese Courts of Justice, where judgments were rarely impartial and given only after much delay. Moreover, China's neglect has been as obvious as her administrative mismanagement. Through all the centuries of her rule. or suzerainty nothing whatever was done for the education or uplift of the Mongols or for the development of their resources. No schools were opened; no industries were fostered, and no attempts were made to promote agriculture or improve the flocks and herds on which the tribes are so largely dependent. The lYlongols were despised on the one hand, and plundered on the other; while hundreds of square miles of their country were absorbed without the slightest compensation.

This selfish and short-sighted policy of the Chinese has naturally defeated itself; for Mongolia, instead of being a strong and loyal buffer state between China and Russia, became divided in its allegiance, while the more vigorous tribes four years ago declared their independence and entered into treaty relations with the northern power. Happily for China, and as the result of long negotiations with Russia and the loss of more territory, the northern Mongols in June last revoked their declaration and they are now all united with the other races that make up the Chinese republic.

The Mongol retains not a few of his original characteristics, though he is no longer a nomad in the strict sense of the word. His habitation or his grazing rights are more or less fixed, and it is only within a prescribed area that the pastoral Mongol or herdsman,moves his tent. In appearance he is none too clean. His unwashed face and hands, tousled hair, and greasy sheepskin garments prejudice the foreigner against him; and this prejudice his hard, flat face and squat figure do little to remove. His fatalism, his laziness and lack of ambition, his love of strong drink, and his quick temper have also to be reckoned with. But with all his failings there is much in the Mongol, when you get to know him, that deepens interest and wins respect.

The Mongols are a deeply religious people, but, unfortunately, their religion is the Buddhism or Lamaism of Tibet, which was introduced by the great Mongol Emperor, Kublai Khan. What Lamaism has done for Tibet it has also done for Mongolia. It has practically ruined the nation. Its womanhood has been degraded, and its family life poisoned. Its manhood has been robbed of its energy and independence; for upon men and women alike Lamaism has fastened a burden that is indeed grievous to be borne-the burden of a religion that brings no comfort or relief, while it imposes a never-ending round of exacting obligations; that is ministered by an all-powerful and unscrupulous priesthood which has at its head a "god" or incarnate

NEGLECTED LAND OF KUBLAI KHAN

A MONGOLIAN RELIGIOUS LEADER-AN OLD LAMA IN URGA Buddha whose debaucheries are notorious throughout the length and breadth of the land.

EVIl, INFL UENCE OF THE LAMAS Naturally Lamaism has had a profound influence on Mongol life and character. By its doctrine of reincarnation it has restrained predatory and savage instincts. It has formed a bond of union between the various tribes, and has made them open-handed and hospitable. But, on the other hand, it has cramped their outlook, and strangled progress; it has kept them ignorant and confused their sense of right and wrong. The number of lamas or priests in Mongolia is stated,

on good authority, to be over 60 per cent of the male population. The majority of these lamas are under vows of celibacy; but while they do not marry, they make no pretense of chastity. Prostitution flourishes to an appalling extent in the neighborhood of every temple and monastery, and the habit of promiscuous living has so blunted the sense of virtue that wives and daughters surrender themselves to this degrading practice without shame or loss of social position. No nation can stand such a drain upon its manhood and such a degradation of its family life, and, consequently, the Mongols are steadily decreasing in numbers. Until the power of Lamaism is broken there can be no hope of arresting their sure decay, or of preventing their ultimate extinction.

CAN THE MISSIONARY ENTER?

Mongolia is open to the missionary, and the condition of the Mongols constitutes a special call to the Christian Church. What but the Gospel of Jesus Christ can liberate and uplift and save this interesting people? Their great past, their present humiliation, and their dire need· call to us and have called for years. Yet the response has been wholly inadequate and painfully slow.

The pioneer Protestant missionaries to Mongolia were Messrs. Swan, Stallybrass, and Yuile, of the London Missionary Society, who settled among the Buriat Mongols on the Siberian frontier as early as 1817-18, and carried on their work for over twenty years. Thirty years later the devoted James Gilmour (also of the London Missionary Society) commenced his itinerations, which continued for another twenty years-mainly, however, among the southern Mongols. During the same period and extending to still later years, the missionaries of the American Board stationed at Kalgan included the nearer Mongol settlements in their field of service; while the Christian and Missionary Alliance in the early nineties organized a Mongolia mission and placed a number of its missionaries at strategic points on the Chinese border. Unhappily all the members of this promising mission, save two, were swept away in the Boxer catastrophe of 1900, and the work was not resumed.

While no missionary work can be judged by tabulated results, and while it must be said that all these early missions to the Mongols were little more than beginnings, the missionaries of to-day, as the result of the labors of these pioneers, have the whole Bible in the Mongolian language. This translation was the work of Swan and Stallybrass, and it· has been of the utmost value to everyone who has endeavored to evangelize the Mongols.

Since 1900, when all missiollary work for the Mongols wa" brought to a standstill, two new missions have been started and some of the older work has been reorganized. The Christian forces now engaged or taking part in this difficult enterprise are:

NEGLECTED LAND OF KUBLAI KHAN

( I) The Scandina'1.'ian Alliance ]VIission in Mongolia. This mission, which is a branch of the Scandinavian Alliance Mission in America, is working out an interesting experiment. On a large· tract of land just north of the Ordos desert and irrigated from the Yellow River, an agricultural and industrial colony has been started with the object of getting Mongols to settle there. In this way it is hoped that Mongol families will come under the influence of the Gospel, and be free from both the interference of the lamas and the opposition of the tribes. The missionaries superintending this work have had to'

THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY CARAVAN IN MONGOLIA IN WINTER overcome many difficulties, and have met with no little discouragement. But their labors are now bearing fruit. Some Mongol families have settled on the land, many more are hiendly, and come to the station to purchase grain, etc., while not a few attend the religious services. A school has been started and there are now twelve pupils, all of whom are learning to read the New Testament. Five Mongols have been baptized and there is one inquirer. . The work is most promising, for one outstation has been opened and a Mongol has been set apart as evangelist, but the mission staff, consisting of only two men and their wives, is altogether inadequate.

(2) The Swedish Mongol l11ission has a staff of three missionaries-two unmarried men and one single lady. The headquarters of this mission are at Halong Osso, a small Mongol settlement some eighty miles north of Kalgan. Several attempts have been made to start a school, but no regular pupils have been forthcoming. Writing

in June last, the senior missionary stated that there was only one inquirer, but added that they were gradually gaining the confidence of the Mongols of the district, and that their medical work had brought Mongols from a distance to the station. A service is regularly held on Sundays, and a few children attend the Sunday-school. N eighboring settlements and tents are visited and tracts and Gospels are distributed. An extension of this mission to Dolonor, a Mongol trading center two or three days' journey eastward, is contemplated.

(3) The Gashatay lVIissiol1. A little south of Halong Osso, representatives of the Pentecostal movement in Canada have their headquarters at Gashatay, another small Mongol settlement. The staff at present consists of three missionaries–Mr. and Mrs. Hindle, and Miss Fordham, all of whom have been on the field since 19 11.

THE MISSION HOUSE ON HALONG OSSO, MONGOLIA Preparations are now being made to open a school, and it is hoped that something may be done in other directions; but "whichever way the missionary turns," writes Mr. Hindle, "he is up against the lamas."

(4) The British and Foreign Bible Society. This society published the Swan and Stallybrass translation of the Bible in literary Mongolian over seventy years ago, and has recently published a revised version of the Four Gospels and Acts. It has also published the Gospel of Matthew in colloquial Mongolian, the New Testament in Kalmuk, and the Gospels and Acts for the Buriats. For many years the distribution of any of these Scriptures was beset with great difficulties; but since 1902 the society has set apart one (and for a time two) of .its sub-agents for this particular work. Long journeys have been made and the printed Gospels have been taken to remote parts of the country. The society's caravan has crossed the Gobi over twenty times. Although the distribution of the Scriptures is, III one

NEGLECTED LAND OF KUBLAI KHAN

WORTH SAVING-TWO MONGOL YOUNG WOMEN IN HOLIDAY DRESS sense, but an. indirect attack, it has, in Mongolia, been of incalculable value. The story of the Cross has been made known to lamas and laymen, while hundreds of boys preparing for the priesthood have used the printed Gospels as reading books in their schools. The Bible Society baptizes no converts and founds no church, but it does open the door, and in Mongolia it has prepared the way for other forms of missionary work in a singularly successful manner. Its special ministry is being carried on to-day with unabated vigor.

(5) lVlissions on the Chinese borders. Many Mongol families

have settled down among the Chinese on both sides of the border, and among these Chinese-speaking Mongols good work has been done by the Irish Presbyterian Mission from two of their stations in Manchuria; by the brethren from several stations in northeast Chihli; by the Scandinavian Alliance Mission in the extreme north of Shansi, and by other missions from various centers. The latest reports from these missions indicate that increasing attention is being given to the Mon- gols, and that four or five Mongols were received into the church during the past year.

(6) The work of the Roman Catholic missions is beyond the scope of this paper, but it may be said in passing that while there are a chain of stations along the Chinese border, and several stations on the Mongol plains, the converts have been largely Chinese. At two or three places there are small Mongol congregations under priests who speak the language, but information about these missions is still very incomplete.

THE OUTLOOK-TIME TO ADVANCE It will be seen that while some missionary work is being done . the forces are utterly unequal to the task, and that the evangelization of Mongolia can hardly be said to have begun. A few stations scantily equipped and sadly undermanned on the southern borders; less than a dozen Mongol Christians connected with Protestant missions; less than a score of children in schools; only three stations at which preaching in the Mongol tongue is carried on, with a few Mongol hearers or inquirers listening to the Gospel as it is preached in Chi- nese, is all that can be reported. It is surely a reproach to the Chris- tian churches of Europe and America that such scanty fruits should be the only "harvest" that can be brought to the Master at this late hour of the day.

The time is ripe for a distinct advance in Mongolia. The country is open to the missionary as never before., The Mongols are awake and realize the need of education, of national and social reorganiza- tion, of political reforms, and of the readjustment of their relations with the countries and peoples that surround them. Some intelligent Mongols begin to murmur at the control of the lamas, and to long for intellectual freedom and a purer religion. Recent events have shaken their self-complacency, enlarged their outlook, and brought home to them the hopelessness of their present condition. Difficulties and hardships, many and severe, confront the missionary still, but beginnings have been made and the way now will be easier for other workers and further advances.

There is no missionary in the whole of Outer Mongolia or among the strongest and most numerous tribes.

No missionary in eastern Mongolia, though the country is easily ftccessible from several points on the Manchurian railways.

A MONGOL CHRISTIAN AND HER

There arc still very few Christians in Mongolia, but they offer a great opportunity forl,evangelism.

No missionary in western Mongolia. No missionary in U rga, the center of the Mongol's political and religious life. It is surely time that such forgetfulness or neglect should be corrected, and that strong and well-organized missions should be established. Picked men and women will be required for this work; methods will have to be elastic and great patience will be needed; but the Christian hospital and the Christian school, Christian literature and the printed Scriptures, the preaching of the everlasting Gospel, and the influence of Christian lives will win the Mongols for Christ, as they have won other degraded tribes under conditions equally hard. The needs of Mongolia are urgent, and the present opportunity is unique. The people are slowly but surely passing away j the integrity of the country is seriously threatened, while the present missionary work only touches the fringe of the southern plains. Surely we have here an appeal that ought not to be unheeded, and a challenge that must be taken up for the honor of our common Lord.

MONGOLIA-AN INTERNATIONAL PROBLEM In a brawl at Changchitung, on the border between Manchuria and Mongolia, last August, Chinese soldiers killed some Japanese. Immediately Japan sent soldiers to the district, and demanded as reparation: I. The dismissal of the Chinese officers in command of the troops at the scene of trouble.

2. The withdrawal of the Chinese garrison. 3. The indemnification of the families of the Japanese killed. 4. The right of Japan to police Inner Mongolia.

History has shown that the five million Mongols are not a race to trifle with. To-day they may seem simple enough, mostly stock-breeders and caravan drivers. The native princes of Outer Mongolia, however, along the Russian border, hold their heads high, and during the anti- Manchu revolution (19 I I) declared that their country had sev~ered its connection with China. They requested help from Russia in framing a new government, and later Russian troops crossed the frontier and occupied strategic points. Then followed an agreement by which Mongolia was to be free to make industrial and commercial treaties with any nation, subject to Russian approval, the Mongolians pledging to Russia certain agricultural and trading privileges. Thus Russia obtained all the benefits of a dominating influence without the evils of actual administration.

Mongolia is really a buffer state between Russia and China. In 1913 China recognized the autonomy of the Outer Mongolia, an agreeable circumstance to Russia, since Outer Mongolia is next to her. Not so Inner Mongolia, and now Russia seems to have given way to Japan.

CHINA AND ONE OFITHE ROUND DOORS OF GINLING

An Open Door for Chinese Women Beginnings of Work at Ginling College, Nanking, China BY MISS FREDERICA R. MEAD 'ANYONE would be interested in Ginling College the moment she stepped through one of your round doorways," remarked one of our friends. We all like doorways, particularly open doorways, and when they are round of course they are a little more attractive because they are Chinese. Let us step through this one at once and be interested in Ginling College.

I like to think that the spirit of unity and Gooperation that have built Ginling College are typified by the circle of the doorway through which we have come. Years ago the idea that there was need for a college for women in the Yangtse Valley grew into a conviction in the minds and hearts of several of the principals of girl's high schools in Central China. At Kuling, one summer, they deliberated together, and finally, with Miss Pyle of The Laura Haygood School in Soochow as chairman, a committee representing seven denominations assembled to make plans for such an institution.

When the constitution, drawn up by this committee, was presented to the authorities in China and in America, the terms of co-operation were approved by the Baptist, the Christian, the Northern and Southern Methodist, and the Northern Presbyterian Mission Boards, and each promised to fulfill the following conditions;

( I) To provides I 0,000 gold toward expense of plant and equipment.

(2.) To provide one member of the faculty.

(3) To make an annual appropriation toward current expenses of not less than $600 gold.

With that assurance of support, the committee became the Board of Control, made up of three representatives of each of the five churches. Thev invited Mrs. Lawrence Thurston to undertake the presidency, and· in 19 13 she came to Nanking to enter upon her duties of organization.

Nanking was named by the China Continuation Committee as one of the five cities where women's colleges should be established, and was chosen as the site for the Yangtse Valley College for several· good reasons. The Nanking Mandarin vies with the Pekingese ·Mandarin as the most universally understood language in China; Nanking University for men is a flourishing union work of Central China, and was ready to cooperate in any possible way with a college for siao dzies, or "little sisters," as young women are called in Nanking. Lastly, this ancient capital, situated only seven hours by train west of the metropolis of Shanghai, has always been a center of Chinese education, and has kept many of the best old traditions that are dying out in the port cities.

As our doorway is more attractive because it is round, so we think that our college is more attractive because it is growing in a distinctly Chinese city, and because, too, we have as our college home a Chinese official residence. It was built by the Li Hung Chang family, and not only roilnd doorways between the front courtyards, but carved timbering in the ceilings; southern windows, where the sun sifts in through rice-papered lattices; long vistas from court to court, with their pleasant contrasts of sunlight and shadow; and a fascinating garden with tea house and sunny pools, all speak of the best in Chinese architecture and gardens.

But the round doorway is more than a shape, more than a structure; it has brought us into a living opportunity that is Ginling College itself. Five of the nine girls who finished the first year's course last spring have now come back to form, with a new student, our present sophomore class. The freshmen again number nine. The girls of our college group are sensitive natures and their personalities are too sacred to describe individually. Among them are just the types that we find in an American college. There is the girl who is not independently interested in college work, but is there because her parent or guardian sends her. She has yet to wake up. Then there is the girl who has had some experience in teaching and is willing to work her hardest to learn what will help her to make her future work more effective. There is also the girl who has had privileges of education from the beginning

OPEN DOOR FOR CHINESE WOMEN 10<

and looks to her college work as the fulfilment of her dream for the best preparation for a life of service-the abundant life.

Let us pretend that we are transported to Ginling and are going, invisibly, through a day with the students to see how this aim is working out. At half-past six we hear the rising bell, waking the stillness of the court where are the students' dormitories, good-sized rooms, opening on the stone terrace downstairs, upstairs, on the balcony that surrounds the court. Morning voices and laughter sound from behind SOME OF THE STUDENTS AT GINLING COLLEGE the latticed doors and windows, for the girls are experiencing what it is to have one instead of many roommates, as is so often necessary in mission high schools. Soon we watch them hurrying to breakfast in 'the adjoining court, where they enter the dining room through another round doorway, this one not built of brick and plaster, but of wood, latticed in a cherry-blossom design. Mrs. Djang, the well-loved matron, presides over the girls' meals and does the housekeeping for this part of our college family. Classes begin at eight o'clock in the morning, and except on the coldest days, when we make special arrangements, gather in open-air classrooms-the whole south side of the rooms being nothing but woodwork screens. The forenoon classes are all studying Western subjects and are taught in English, and as all do not come on the same day, you may take your choice in visiting them. Among the freshman courses there is Miss Goucher's English class, which she is basing on a series of English essays. She is a graduate of Goucher College in Baltimore, founded by her father, Dr. John F. Goucher. She also has a valuable course in practical art. The ch6mistry class is under the direction of Miss Nichols, who has been

loaned by the Southern Methodist Board. In Miss Nourse's psychology class are gathered all the freshmen and those sophomores who did not take the course last year. She is a graduate of the University of Chicago and is introducing these girls to the principles of psychology which will help them most to help themselves in their studies and in their daily life. History and mathematics are substituted for chern· istry and psychology in the second semester. Mrs. Thurston teaches a course in the Life of Christ.

The sophomore courses of- fered are those by Miss Nourse in English history and sociology, Miss Nichols in botany, Mrs.

Thurston in college algebra and astronomy, Miss Goucher in do- mestic architecture, and Miss Riv- enberg, a Vassar graduate, in the Bible.

This has been a very busy morning and we are glad when the noon bell calls us to chapel in the quiet, paved hall opening on one of the front courtyards. Here the whole family gathers and one of the members of the faculty has charge of the services, in which the hymns, the Bible reading, the short talk, and the prayers touch the keynote of the day.

After luncheon, old China is brought vividly before us as we watch the girls walking up and THE GUARDIAN OF THE COLLEGE GATE down through the courtyards con- ning their Chinese classics. Al- though we are trying to add more of constructive thought and intelli- gent criticism and appreciation to the study of the classics, there is still an imperative demand for a large amount of memory work. Later the girls are free for recreation, and the general trend is toward th e garden, where they walk up and down under the rose trellises, quietly read in a corner of one of the benches, or enjoy a game of tennis.

On Friday we might slip into a class on hygiene at 4 P.M., which is under the direction of Dr. Tsao, one of our most valued faculty members. She is a graduate of the Philadelphia Medical School for Women, and has probably the largest and most influential practice of any physician in Nanking. Although she is a Chinese, she conducts the course almost entirely in English. '

OPEN DOOR FOR CHINESE WOMEN

As the evening closes, let us step into the library where the girls are studying. In structure it is like the chapel. Opposite the door is the long, southern expanse of latticed windows which gives almost the effect of heavy leaded glass. High overhead the soft gray tiles of the roof shed a medieval atmosphere from above the heavy timbering. After supper all sorts of things may be happening. Perhaps it is a quiet evening for study j perhaps there is a "Current Events Club" meeting in progress j perhaps a lecture; or better still, an informal evening of music and sociability in the faculty living room.

This visit having been on a week day we will want to go back to Ginling for an hour on a Sunday. Most of the day is like any Sunday in any school where there is a loving wish to have the day one of worship and growth in spirit, but I do not believe there are many schools or colleges where there is such an attractive Sunday-school as the one that assembles in our chapel at two o'clock Sunday afternoon. The pupils are the little ragamuffins of the neighborhood, the teachers are our college girls, and last spring the attendance reached an average of fifty. Let me quote a bit from the letter of Miss Zee, one of the students, who tells about this year's start: "I want to give you a report of. to-day's Sunday-school, which was the first time we had this year. How many children will you guess we had, without looking at the following numbers? While we were cutting the pictures out for lessons, some said that the children viOuld not come because no one had even told them that we would begin our Sunday-school this week. How could they come? Some said they would not come because it was raining. But when the time for Sunday-school drew nigh, and eight of us went to the chapel, what do you think we saw-children sitting quietly in three rows; there were thirty-six altogether. We felt so ashamed of our idle expectations. The Sunday-school went regularly LOOKING PAST THE RECEPTION ROOM ATJ GINLING COLLEGE

as we did last year. The children did not forget at all the songs which we taught them. So, Miss :Mead, I trust that God will use us to accomplish something for our neighbors here."

Dr. J. E. Villiams, of Nanking University, has said, "The future of the Christian Church in China depends upon her women." Here at Ginling we have gathered together girls, many of whom are of the same type of mind as those that, coming to America, stand at the head of their classes at Columbia and other leading colleges. Our students have a great advantage in not having to leave their homes for years so as to become out of touch with the life of their own people. We are stirred as we think in terms of the Kingdom of God of the individual possibilities of the lives of these girls in leadership in the homes and schools and churches of their country.

Ginling offers a living opportunity not only to our college girls and our neighborhood, and through them to China, but to those in America. The College Committee of the Board of Trustees, which is made up of representatives of each of our five co-operating boards, and of which Dr. Robert E. Speer, 156 Fifth Avenue, is chairman, and Miss Elizabeth Bender, ISO Fifth Avenue, secretary, is cooperating in a splendid way in gathering funds, friends, and members of the faculty. Smith College is also deeply interested in this her newly adopted sister college in the East, and for the coming year has subscribed $ I,OOO toward the English department.

Our present buildings are rented for four more years. By that time we expect to have outgrown them and will be needing such a permanent.equipment as the best we can offer to the Chinese to meet their needs. We must compete with the growing tendency of the most brilliant students to leave their own country in order to study in American colleges. Here is an opportunity for friends to enter into this opportunity and to have a share in these buildings.

In laying strong foundations for college work there must be specializing on the part of th.e faculty, and some of the staff must be proficient enough in Chinese to give their lectures in that language instead of in English. This takes time. Furthermore, unless we fulfill our promises to our students, and fulfill them efficiently, we shall not be able to hold the confidence of the very best womanhood of China. Our greatest need at present is for professors for the biological and physical sciences and for music.

May the round doorway of opportunity in Ginling College stir prayers in many a heart that Christ may enter in and fulfill His plan for each student and member of the faculty and for each one who has stepped into a vital interest in His work there.

Men Don't Believe in

A Consideration of Some Objections to Foreign Missions BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.O., BOSTON, MASS.

The reasons given for not being interested in Foreign Missions or for declining to support them, 'Would fill a book. Some of these reasons are trivial,. some based upon lack of knowledge,. some upon misinformation, 'While other$ are sinare. A candid consideration of some of theu objections is here presented by one who ~as himself been a missionary and is now one of the missionary statesmen of A merica.-EDITOR.

I T is not surprising that an enterprise, the field of which is in the midst of a distant and an unknown civilization, and that is based chiefly on the commands of Christ and that demands so much sacrific, should be variously interpreted and often strongly opposed.

A number of experienced missionary administrators have furnished a list of the objections to missions with which they have most frequently been confronted. Over fifty stock objections are the result, most of which have been current for half a century or more. We will consider these objections under four divisions, although many of the topics could be placed under three of these headings. The divisions under which we will consider the subject are: I. Objections raised by non-Christians and by anti-Christians. II. Objections raised by professing Christians who fail to grasp the full significance of our faith. III. Objections growing out of ignorance of what missions are.

Ir. Objections based upon difference of judgment as to methods of administration and policy.

I. OBJECTIONS BY NON-CHRISTIANS I. We have no right to interfere with another man's religion. This objection is put in a variety of ways. The position is defended by the declaration that every people, if not every person, has a religion in which he was born, which is adapted to his way of living and the civilization of which he is a part, and it is the rankest impudence to assume that our religion is better than his or more suited to his environment. He is satisfied with what he has, so why attempt to make him dissati.sfied? Out of non-Christian civilization have come men of recognized ability, thus showing that their religion is not a failure. We would, therefore, better mind our own business and religion and let the other man do the same. This sounds plausible to many people who fail to apply the same line of reasoning to any other phase of interracial relationships. Those

who object to sending the Christian missionary with a message of comfort and peace to peoples who may not wholly be satisfied with their religion are usually believers in and supporters of the commercial missionary, whose chief concern is to make the peoples he reaches dissatisfied with what they have. The people of Asia a half century ago did their sewing by hand and were satisfied with the methods employed. The sewing-machine missionary entered their country, and by demonstrating what a sewing-machine would do, created a dissatisfaction and unrest that resulted in introducing machines for sewing cloth and leather extensively in the Near and Far East. I have seen in one tailor shop in a city in the interior of China nineteen sewing-machines, which illustrates the success of missionaries of this class.

Then comes the cigarette missionary with his brilliant posters, illustrated literature and free cigarettes. The old pipe loses much of its charm by comparison, and the African and innocent Asiatic who have never been conscious of a need of tobacco at all, come to be regular customers, and the cigarette business becomes a part of the activities of the awakening East.

It is clear that the one who is so solicitous that the Eastern peoples be not aroused into a state of dissatisfaction over their ancestal religion is not loath to employ numberless means and agencies to make the same people dissatisfied with practically everything connected with their ancestral habits and customs, except religion. They advocate missionaries whose only purpose is to exploit the people and the resources of the country for personal gains, and ctmdemn the missionary who, without hope of personal gain, carries that which exalts every ideal, promotes the moral excellence of the race and nation and lays the foundation for the true Christian civilization. Such objectors laud selfishness and condemn self-sacrificing service.

2. The people of the East already ha've a satisfactory religion. This statement is usually due to ignorance. One cannot but wonder if, in the face of the horrors which even now are being perpetrated in the Turkish Empire upon non-Moslem subjects by Moslem leaders and in the name of Mohammedanism, these objectors would affirm that Islam is a satisfactory religion. When the history of Mohammedanism and its blasting effect upon every civilization it has dominated is studied, it is difficult to comprehend the frame of mind of him who declares that the religion of the 230,000,000 of Moslems is satisfactory. As Hinduism is studied in the face of its effect upon society, its treatment of widows and its insistence upon the permanent degradation of millions and tens of millions of India's low-castes simply because they chanced to be born into a caste from which in Hinduism there is no door of escape upwards, it is impossible to comprehend the thinking of him who says that religion is satisfactory.

MEN DON'T BELIEVE IN MISSIONS

We cannot dwell upon the savage races of the Pacific Islands and Africa or the non-progressive Buddhist faith that held for centuries Japan and China in its stereotyped mold and ask, by what possible canon of interpretation we can proclaim these religions as satisfactory.

If we should consult thousands of Moslems, Hindus, Buddhists and fetish worshipers in all parts of the world, who have begun to think seriously upon religious matters, we would discover that multitudes of these are deeply dissatisfied with their religion and are attempting to make it better through some process of reformation or are contemplating a change. No awakened man of the East can be satisfied with any religion that he is not convinced is the best. No religion short of this is good enough for any individual or any race.

3. God will look after the heathen without our interference.

It is difficult to take this statement seriously. It is contrary to all other rules of human action and so, with the rarest exceptions, must be taken as a trivial reply by those who have little esteem for God or men. It would seem to be the expression of unbelief accompanied by disregard of the lessons of history and the principles by which nations and races and peoples are moulded in their practices and in the shaping of their civilizations. Even the races of the remotest antiquity were led through human agencies. Race and inter-race changes have been brought about through contacts of men with men and the outreachings of the influence of such relationships. In the face of these facts, to affirm that a people's religion, that which lies deepest in their hearts and lives, may meet with a radical change without human agency and human effort, is to deny the facts of history and the teaching of all religion.

4. Missionaries are a lot of pious loafers and self-seekers.

This objection is usually offered in the smoke-room of steamers, by hangers-on at Eastern tourist hotels. By this simple declaration the objector would put an end to all foreign missionary work. He does not wish to know the facts; he has settled the case forever.

The answers to all such are the life and work of the missionaries themselves. Some objectors are won over by being thrown into personal relations with a single missionary, although the conversion may be to belief in one missionary rather than to a work. Noone would deny that there have been unworthy missionaries. Missionary administrators would be more than human were this not the case. There was one unworthy disciple among the Apostles, but his presence there did not condemn the entire body. The story of missionary martyrdom and the self-sacrificing, heroic service rendered in times of pestilence, famine and massacres, can be explained in no other way than as self-forgetful devotion. At the present time the presence of over two hundred American missionaries in the Balkan Peninsula, Turkey, Persia, the Caucasus and Syria, with freedom to leave at any time, surrounded by atrocities beyond the power of language to describe, beset with disease and pestilence and

famine, cut off from communication with friends and kept in ignorance of what is going on in the world, now and then laying down a life in willing. sacrifice, but always alert to a service almost divine and scorning to retreat; these and hundreds like them in the history of missions constitute the answer to him who would crush with an epithet the noblest class of men and women this world knows.

II. OBJECTIONS BY PROFESSING CHRISTIANS The idea of foreign missions had no large place in the Church, either in Europe or America, until a little over a century ago, and it is within the last fifty years that the most of the interest and knowledge now prevalent has been created. All loyal church members do not yet believe in the obligation and privilege of all followers of Jesus Christ to make Him known to all nations. The process of instruction must continue until the entire Church comprehends the complete Gospel of world redemption. We hear such objections as the following: 1. There is work enough at home or there are heathen enough at home.

This is true enough if we mean there are more heathen at home than there ought to be. But if the fact is used as a reason for not sending missionaries to foreign and non-Christian .countries, then we are wrong.

All moral, intellectual, social and religious advance is by the process of diffusion. It has been so in all history and will probably continue to be so to the end of time. In promoting education in America we do not concentrate upon one locality until every worthy youth therein secures a general or a college education. We establish schools and colleges all over the country, even though the city of New York alone is in crying need of more educational facilities. We do not attempt, in promoting the cause of purity or temperance, to bring all our forces to bear upon one township or county or even one State, but these principles are widely advocated all over the country and the results begin to appear in localities widely separated.

In religion the same law has been in operation. Buddha and his followers did not confine their labors to one territory until all had become Buddhists, nor did Mohammed and his successors concentrate their entire effort upon Mecca and Arabia, but both of these religions grew by diffusion until they had covered, but only in part, many countries.

The same is true of Christianity. Christ did not confine his efforts to anyone section of Palestine, but went about performing miracles and teaching in widely separated areas. After His deatl1 His disciples did the same.

One wonders what would have been the result had the disciples decided to .begin with Bethlehem, the birthplace of our Lord, and to do nothing for Jerusalem so long as there remained a single non-Christian

MEN DON'T BELIEVE IN

there; after this to take Jerusalem, the city of His burial, and when all had accepted Him as Redeemer and Lord, to move on to Nazareth and so over Palestine and from there to Asia Minor and Rome. By this process the Church could hardly have survived the first generation, or would still have been working away in Bethlehem, for surely there would have remained a few obstinate Jews and a lot of pagan immigrants to command the attention of the Church.

With every third person at home a member of a Christian congregation, no one has a right to say, in the face of history and the physical, psychological and spiritual law of the expansion of religious ideas, that there are so many heathen at home that we are released from the obligation to carry the Gospel of Christ to the ends of the earth.

2. We need the money for church expe'lses. "Charity begins at home."

This is the utterance of supreme selfishness and in defiance of the law of spiritual equivalents. Charity that stays at home miserably dies and the church that lives but for itself loses all that made it a church of Jesus Christ. No church can long continue as a living spiritual body that has no unselfish means of sacrificial expression. The spring that gives out no stream soon becomes a stagnant and festering pool. The Christian who makes no sacrifices in service becomes incapable of sacrifice. Foreign Missions, quite apart from what they accomplish 'in turning multitudes in foreign lands to Christ, are worth all they cost and more in keeping alive among Christians the true spirit lived and. taught by Christ Himself. Was there ever a church or a communion in all history that made itself poorer by giving men and money to carry the gospel to those outside? And to this is added a wealth of new spiritual insight and power of priceless value.

3. It is a hopeless undertaking. It is in this truth that we center our hopes. If we expect to win the world to Christ by the rule of mathematics or the law of averages or through the physical resources wrapped up in a few thousand missionaries and a few million dollars, then we are indeed undertaking a hopeless and a fruitless task. rt is because the task is humanly impos- sible that we find our supreme $atisfaction. We are thrown back upon the words of our Lord, Who declared that all power was given to Him in Heaven and on earth and that He would go with His disciples to the ends of the earth and give them the victory. The disciples undertook a hopeless task when they set out to convert the Roman world, but they succeeded. The modern missionary movement has achieved triumphs no less marked and, in the face of appalling difficulties, is registering triumphs to-day no less significant, because the power of God and the living Christ is with them.

4. Our own religious life is too imperfect. For a moment we are staggered by this objection. We ask, who is worthy to take up the task Christ and His disciples laid down and carry it on to completion? Then, as we see the lack of spirituality in the churches and the failure of Christians to live up to the high standards laid down by our Lord, we are forced to exclaim, "Who is sufficient for these things?" Without attempting to deny our own unworthiness, we find hope in the fact that Christ used woefully inadequate means to achieve high spiritual ends. This has been true throughout the history of the Christian Church. The Epistles of Paul show how far from perfect were some of the apostolic churches, and yet they exhibited tremendous power for good through the ability of God to use imperfect means to produce worthy results. One of the surest means of perfecting and spiritualizing our own religious life is by attempting to impart the blessings of our religion to others.

III. IGNORANCE OF FOREIGN MISSIONS A visit to mission stations and the realization of what miSSIOnaries accomplish will remove the objections of those who are unbelieving through ignorance. We name here four of the more common in this class of objections: I. The aim of missions is too narrow; it does not ele7.;ate the entire man and the 'lohole fabric of society.

This objection is based largely upon missions as carried on half a century and more ago, when, undoubtedly, aims and operations were more narrowly superscribed than in these later days. Modern missionary magazines and books reveal the comprehensive sweep of modern missionary operations.

Education in all department~ and phases, the kindergarten, the college, the Christian university, literary, scientific, professional and practical, has become a part of missionary endeavor. Uplifting literature of all classes, industrial advance in a mulitude of forms, including agriculture, social movements reaching and elevating every department of the native social order; these and many others are but the common every-day operations in the foreign missionary field, demonstrating the breadth and thoroughness with which the missionaries are lifting up the entire man as well as the whole fabric of native society.

2. Missionaries live in luxury and have an easy time.

If by living in luxury one means different from the people among whom they dwell and in some cases much better than many of them, we cheerfully acknowledge that this is true. Experience has shown that missionaries can most effectively do the work they are sent to accomplish by retaining many of the customs of Western home life. In many countries an attempt to live as the natives live would be disastrous to influence and fatal to health.

MEN DON'T BELIEVE IN

A brief residence among missionaries in the field or an examination of the books of the missionary societies at home reveals the absurdity of the charge of luxury. At the same time, the missionary is one of the chief assets of the work. He has usually given at least ten years to study and from two to four years to acquiring the language and in spe- cial preparation. Mission boards insist that health be conserved by securing as good hygienic and sanitary surroundings as possible. In spite of this a large number of missionaries die of plagues and scourges that infest the country where they live. One mission board last year lost four missionaries from typhus, three of them physicians, while four times that number had the dread disease. Cholera, smallpox, bubonic plague, malaria and other tropical diseases are always present in some missionary field, and every year a considerable number die because of. them.

Few have ever heard a foreign missionary refer to any hardship he has endured, and yet few men and women have as a class ever been called upon to face greater privations, endure more hardships and meet more real perils than are the foreign missionaries who enter upon their work for life and seldom look back when once they have put their hand to the plow.

3. Missions cause governments great trouble.

In some cases missionaries or missionary societies have appealed to government on behalf of missionaries and their institutions; for a missionary does not give up his citizenship when he goes abroad, nor do missionary institutions erected and supported by American funds become outlawed because they are missionary. But these cases are infrequent.

The records of the State Department would reveal the fact that the missionaries have been far more a help than a burden to the Department and their embassies abroad. The cases are many where in crises the legations have been greatly dependent upon the trained, experienced missionary, with °his wide knowledge of the country and his marked influence with the government. Many ambassadors have freely acknowledged that but for the missionaries in such cases they would have been almost helpless. The presence of the missionaries and their institutions has given the representatives of their government a prestige and a standing in a great many instances that they never could of themselves have acquired. Repeatedly missionaries have been drafted into the consular or diplomatic service in times of emergency, where they have rendered conspicuous service.

4. Sectarian controversies on the field are a disgrace.

We heartily accept this position, but such controversies are not as common and disgraceful as the objector believes. The foreign missionaries realize the foolishness, even the criminality, of letting denominational differences deter the progress of the Kingdom, and they have

adopted almost numberless methods of co-operation covering every department of missionary activity. Many articles have been written upon this subject. While foreign missions are not yet wholly free from sectarian difficulties and hindrances to the most rapid and effective advance, the missionaries are already teaching us l~ssons in co-operation and even the closest interdenominational affiliation that put us to shame at home.

IV. ADMINISTRATIVE QUESTIONS AND POLICY Here the intelligent critic may be of great help to the miSSIOn boards and to missionaries. A true science of missions has not yet been fully wrought out. There is a place for suggestion and criticism that will be of substantial aid in reaching the basis of a real science of the expanding Kingdom of God.

I. O'l-'erlapping by different societies. One might answer this by calling attention to the way parishes of different churches in the United States are hopelessly mixed. This, however, is not pleaded as an excuse for overlapping in the mission field. The tendency in most mission countries is to prevent this, although a question of policy is involved, which is, shall a communion follow with a preacher and a church its communicants when they go into a territory that has been assigned to another body or missionary? Some believe they should not, while some feel it to be the duty of every church to see that its communicants are provided with a preacher and a church accord· ing to their faith and order.

2. l'Ifissions cost too much. There is need of constant vigilance upon this question of expenditure of mission funds. It is easy to become careless, and officers of boards and missionaries need constantly to guard against waste and costly experiments. The matter of expenditures should be perpetually scrutinized, and whoever does this in a spirit of fairness and intelli· gence is a true friend of the cause. Some critics in ignorance speak rashly and even harshly. If they would only visit their missionary headquarters and go through the accounts, see. how carefully budgets are prepared upon the field and then scrutinized at home before appro· priations are made, understand how everywhere endeavor is exercised to stretch every dollar so as to make it do the work of two, he would be convinced of the purpose of his society not to waste a cent of sacred funds. This problem of economy is one that missions and boards are trying to solve.

3. The results do not justify the cost. If by results we mean only the additions to the native churches, . there is reason for pressing this criticism. Noone doubts that the con· version of individuals and bringing them into the Church of Christ is an end and aim which we must not allow to be clouded, not to say lost sight of. Yet there are many who believe that it is no less necessary to

MEN DON'T BELIEVE IN MISSIONS

train a native ministry and a body of native leaders who shall go on doing their work even when the missionary is not there. Nevertheless, it is a genuine and important question as to how much of the funds given to a mission board for its regular work can legitimately be invested in work that is remotely related to the Church.

4. J1fissions gi",'e too much to medical and educational operations and too little to direct e",'angelization.

This is too large a matter to deal with here. We must not forget that the most of the miracles of Christ were miracles of healing, and that the Church in the mission field must be made an indigenous Church, led, supported and propagated by its own people. If this end is ever to be attained, Christian institutions of great variety must be planted in every country. Great wisdom is needed to keep these many departments of work in proper balance, that no one may eclipse the others, and that all in perfect harmony work together to the one goal, the permanent planting of the Kingdom of God throughout the entire world.

IN CONCLUSION Opposition at home to foreign missions or the failure to support them arises from one or more of the following causes: I. Hostility to Christianity and the principles for which it stands. 2. Fixed prejudice against peoples of other races. 3. Misconception of what missions are and what they have accomplished. 4. Stock objections that have done service for decades, the most of which are without any foundation in fact.

s. Absence of an impelling desire to help those who are in need of assistance. 6. Supreme selfishness. 7. Failure to appreciate the Fatherhood of God as Creator, and the common brotherhood of all men. S. Misapprehension of what Christianity demands of all its fol- lowers. 9. Absence of a lively imagination to picture vividly the needs of people of another and a remote country. 10. Mistrust of the sincerity and the ability of the missionaries. I I. Unworthy missionaries whose failure is known and who are taken as representatives of the class. 12. Satisfied ignorance of need and opportunity. 13. Lack of confidence in the management of the missIOnary so- ciety or board. 14. Shrinking from what an interest in missions might demand of personal service. 15. Absence of an impelling devotion to Jesus Christ as personal Saviour and Lord.

A CANADIAN INDIA N FAMILV OF FOUR GENERATIONS AT

Canadian Indians and the Great Spirit BY REV. F. G. STEVENS, FISHER RIVER, lJANTTOBA, Missionary of the Canadian Methodist Church CANAbIAN Indians are of very diverse kinds. Many languages are spoken and many modes of life and very different types of character are found among these people, as they occupy our land from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Our remarks apply to the Indians of the Algonquin confederacy-the Crees, Salteaux, and Ojibways. These are kindred peoples, speaking similar tongues.

Their pagan religion is practically devil worship. They have a concept of a Great Spirit who is good and beneficent and all-powerful; the Creator of all things, including man. He is to be worshiped, yet no special stress is placed on His propitiation.

Evil spirits are many and include those dwelling on the earth, under the earth and above the earth. The pagan Indian lives in constant fear of these, and his whole aim in religion is to propitiate the had spirits in order that they may not do him harm. rn common with aU other devil wOl·shipers, their religion consists of fetichism and incantations accompanied by the use of drums and rattles, also of medi-

INDIANS AND THE GREAT SPIRIT

cines, having as their object the producing of evil to others or the warding off of the same. Thus the pagan life of these people is pitiable in the extreme; for with them evil is prominently present and the good not very much in evidence.

When the Gospel message came to these people they had little reason for its rejection. It brought good tidings of life, light and love to those who were verily "sitting in darkness and the shadow of death." Emphasizing as it did the prominence and power of the Great Spirit and His interest in and His love for men, as evidenced by the sacrifice of His only Son for them, the new message was indeed good news, glad tidings, to these people.

— -…

A CANADIAN MISSIONARY AND HIS DOG TEAM Of the three tribes above named, the Crees received the Word most gladly. To this day work among the Salteaux has been most backward. Almost to a man they cling to their old pagan religion, declaring that the Great Spirit gave the Indian a different religion from the white man, and they must cling to what was given them. The Ojibways have been a little more tractable and some advancement has been made among them.

The Crees have accepted the Gospel message, with all that it means. In the Lake Winnipeg region and northward, and also in the Province of Alberta, are missions of the Methodist Church ministering to these people. The Protestant Episcopal Church has a large work among them also.

We must take into consideration the former trend of mind, mode of life and traits of character of any people, when we begin to study how they have received the Great Spirit's message. Everywhere,

among all peoples, God takes people as they are, and through the con- cepts already in their minds tries to convey to those minds divine truth; therefore their ideas of truth will be colored by their preconceptions.

So we find it with these people. Having little but fear and misery to hold them to their old religion, they readily gave it up. As those old beliefs had little real hold over them, so they accepted the new religion a good deal as a matter of form, and it had no very powerful hold over them. To many the whole matter was summed up in outward performance or an endeavor to keep up appearances before the mis- sionaries. Others went in for religion because it was what the crowd 'was doing and was thus fashionable; but in all our missions there have been cases of remarkable conver- THE r.QRD'S PRA.YER. sions and of lives lived that told of a real change of heart and of real obedience to the teachings of the Holy Spirit.

One of the characteristics of P(P"U~IICb') P.6·"!>.6·); these people is thyir extremely de- P)U6…6·6·) P( 6·!>r"r<~o; pendent nature. In their worldly affairs they are dependent on their masters. Just so in things of re- ligion; if they are unde r strong control ~nd wise leadership in their church relations, then all will 'Vb.6·7 /r'''q~lI( o-Ln be well with them and the relig- q 61' 'Vb /,-'''q ious work will flourish . When a change comes, if it happens to be for the worse, their progress will then be the wrong way.

Two things have been very ra.. much against successful work among these people. One is their roving habits. Living in a wild, inclement and somewhat inacces- I sible country, and following the A SPECUMEN OF THE CREE LANGUAGE trapper's life of wandering, it has been difficult to do effectual work for them, even though devoted missionaries have followed them into the wilds. Work among roving Indians has nowhere proven success- ful. Where the Indians have been induced to settle down and form steady habits of life, near church and school, great success has attended the missionaries' efforts.

The other element that has hindered is that we have been too near the home church, although doing the work at a goodly distance.

The tendency has been for men to devote a few years only to Indian missions, and then, when family cares, etc., made it difficllit to live in

the Northland, to return to the home field. This has been hard on a work where, of all things, steady, prolonged effort is necessary.

The Indians have the great Spirit's Word in the plain Cree language. This was given them long years ago by Rev. James Evans, who, divinely inspired, invented the Cree syllabic characters in which to print the Bible in the beautiful language of the Crees. This Bible has been recently revised. They have hymn books, Pilgrim's Progress and a number of pamphlets in their language.

SOME RESULTS-A DAY SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN AT FISHER RIVER A difficulty has arisen as to the reading of these books by the Indians. Their instruction in schools has been in English, and many who could read English, parrot fashion, despised their own language and are nearly as badly off as if they could not read at all. Under wise direction more and more are reading God's Word in their mother tongue. A good many can also read and understand English, and comparing the two is a great help.

SOME RESULTS OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS For twenty years I have been among these people and know them in all stages of degradation and development. Nearly thirteen years ago I was privileged to travel from end to end of our work on Lake Vinnipeg district and to see, in advancing stages, the condition of Indians from heathenism up to a good state of Christian civilization. I was among real pagans at Sandy Lake and had the pleasure of bringing a whole band from heathenism to Christianity, and, as I traveled northwestward and then southward, I saw at each succeeding station

increasing evidences of the Gospel's enlightening effect upon the Indians. Tome it seemed like the advancing stages of light from darkness to dawn, then sunrise, and then well on toward noon.

In the summer of 19 13 I had again the pleasure of going over the ground of my former work. Everywhere there were signs of advancement and much to encourage. Former Christians had progressed, and those who were formerly heathen were now Christians.

The story of the Deer Lake Indians is particularly romantic. When I first saw them they were pagans. Now, almost without any outside influence, they are all turned to the Christian religion. One of their number had married a woman from a neighboring band. He used to summer with his wife's people, who were Christians. These people were without a resident missionary, but were visited by one at stated periods. Necessarily their mode of worship was of crude form, yet here this man learned something of the Great Spirit's way and will. He became at last the leader of his people in religious things. Under his instructions they have built a small, crude church and carry on worship to the Good Spirit therein. They had been doing this for fi~e ,Years, and our visit last summer was the first they had from any mIssIOnary.

We find the Gospel of Jesus Christ to be the really effectual means of reaching these people. They are emotional in their services, and our meetings put us in mind of good, old-fashioned Methodist worship. Not being given to reading or meditation, they seem to need a great deal of public worship to satisfy their religious longings. They are fond of the class meetings and will sing and pray and testify all night long if they are .allowed. Like the negroes, they dearly love to preach.

During years of working among these people we have come across many bright samples and also many of the opposite kind. N ever do we expect to find such another as Pa-pa-mee-kee-see-quap, or William Campbell, as he was baptized, Chief of the Crane Indians, who lived at Sandy Lake, away up in what is now New Ontario. Even while a pagan he seemed to be naturally good, and when he heard even indistinct tidings of the Gospel message, he seemed at once to believe and to begin to live the Christian life. During our intercourse, we were moved with wonderment at his goodness. When famine blighted his people, in the winter of 1899-1900, he was simply heroic in his efforts to help his poor people. Since then he has gone to his reward. We think of his lonely grave there in a great, lone land, but his brave spirit is surely up yonder and we shall meet again some day by and by.

We have strong hopes for the future. If the work is properly pressed there will surely be good results. Weare not building up a nation of Indians, but we are trying to assimilate an aboriginal people into our body politic, with its Christian life and civilization. Of this work it may be said, "This must decrease, and that must increase." In the meantime precious souls are being garnered in the home above.

Calls in the

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA A YOUNG GIRL sat 10 Northfield, Massachusetts. In her hand was a message which contained sufficient cause for the troubled expression on her face.

The message summoned her to come to India to see her mother, who was ill on the mission field.

Ida Scudder did not want to go to India. She thought almost resent- fully of the many members of her family who had given their lives to India.

Her noble grandfather, Dr.

John Scudder, might have been the most prominent of New York's physicians if he had not read "The Call of Six Hundred Millions" as he waited to see a patient in New York City. That call from out of the darkness and superstition and suffering laid hold of his heart and drew him out to India to give his life in self-spending ministration.

His life and work had blazed the way with a trail of light through India's darkness, and never, since it set the light a-shining, had there been a cia y when there was no Scudder in India to keep this torch DR. IDA SCUDDER . VELLORE. I NDB burning.

One by one they had come back to America to be educated-his children and his grandchildren. One by one the call of God and of Indi a's awful need had drawn them back. Seven of his children and fifteen of his grandchildren had already gone back to India. Ida Scud- der had been born there. Her father and mother were there now, pouring out their lives in service.

"It is enough," said Ida Scudder as she sat in Northfield with the summons in her hand. She would go, eagerly, gladly, to be with her mother while she was sick, but, when her mother was well, she would no

longer bury herself in India. She would hasten back to America to live her life as other girls were living theirs.

So Ida Scudder took passage for India to see her sick motheronly to see her sick mother. She assured herself and her friends over and over again that there was no danger of her staying in India-the India that had already claimed more than its share of Scudders.

One night she sat in her father's house in India. As the dusk of the twilight was deepening into the darkness of the night a knock sounded at the door. The girl answered its summons. A man stood before her. He was a high-caste Mohammedan, tall, slender, whiterobed. He bowed low and spoke.

"My young wife is ill-ill to the death. Our doctors can do nothing for her. Vill the gracious lady come to attend her?" Ida Scudder knew naught of medicine.

"My father," she answered eagerly, "is a medical man. He will come to see your wife."

The Mohammedan drew himself up proudly. "Na man has ever looked upon the face of my wife. We are high born. I should rather a thousand times that she should die than that a man should look upon her face." Silently he turned and went out into the darkness. Ida Scudder sat down and thought. She was in India now. In India with this pitiful, unpitied child-wife, who might be dying even as she sat and thought of her. How long she sat she knew not. She was startled by a second knock that sounded. Possibly the man had been softened by the sight of the agony of his little wife, and had come for her father. Eagerly she opened the door. It was not the same man who stood there. Possibly it was his messenger. "My wife,"-began this man, as had the other, "my wife is very sick. She is giving me much trouble. It is a pity that a wife should give her husband so much trouble. After all my pains she may die unless the mem sahib comes and heals her." The girl looked at him hopefully. Surely he could not be as prejudiced as the other one. "I am not a doctor," she explained. "My father is a medical man.

He will–" The man interrupted her with a proud uplifting of his turbaned head. "I am a high-caste man," he said. "No man dare look upon the face of my wife."

Even as he spoke he turned and disappeared in the darkness. Ida Scudder's thoughts went with him back to the girl. Perhaps she was only a little girl. So many of them were. Perhaps she was dying even now because no man could help her and there was no woman to help. Something clutched at the heart of the American girl over there in India and choked her throat as she sat helpless and unhelping. It was terrible that two calls should come in such rapid succession on

the same night. As she shuddered at the thought and the misery of it all a third knock sounded. A third man came before her. His voice was almost eager.

"My wife," he said. "She is ill, very ill. They told me T could find help for her here. A wonderful foreign doctor who had done re- markable things." At last there was a call for her father!

"Oh, yes, I will send my father," she answered gladly. The man involuntarily straightened himself. "Not a man! No man shall look upon the face of my wife. You must come." In vain did the girl plead that her father would come. Sadly and alone the man departed as had the tvvo other men before him. Ida Scudder sat down again. Were all the suffering child-wives in India calling to her that night? "Vas one of those endless processions she had read about in missionary magazines actually going to march by her door with unending, maddening continuance? The night passed on. The day dawned. Jda Scudder walked out into the street. As she passed a gateway she heard wailing and loud lamentation. It chilled her heart. She knew that the life of one of the child-wives had passed with the passing of the day. She went on. At another house the beating of the musical instru- ments, the shrieks and the moans, told her that a second little wife was dead. She would have turned back, sick at heart, but a relentless hand drew her on until she stooel before the rude bier bedecked with flowers, which was to carry away the poor little body of the third wife whom the skilled touch of a physician might have healed. Unspoken accusations sounded in her ears though no voice sounded the words that accused her, "If thou hadst been here, these might not have died." That fall, among the names of those who entered the Woman's Medical College in Philadelphia, there appeared the name of Ida S. Scudder. She heard the call of the women and children of India; the call of her grandfather's love and of his life; the call of her father's and mother's sacrifice. Above all, she heard a call which came from the lips of a Man Who hung upon a Cross. The print of thorns was upon His brow. Nail wounds were in His hands and His feet, and His side was pierced. The Cross seemed to be transplanted until it stood in India's soil, and the voice of Him upon it said not "Go ye" but "I have died for India. Come follow me." As she has followed the Cross into India Dr. Ida Scudder has brought blessing and health and life to thousands of India's girls and .women. She passes on to the girls and women of America those knocks that are summoning aid in the night. The night is dark in India and we have light. The call comes not from three only but from the three hundred and fifteen millions of India's people. They appeal with an insistent call for some to go and for all to give and to pray.

Missions In China Pay?

A Testimony to American Missionaries in China Mr. Julian Arnold, a Commercial Attache oj the American Embassy in Peking, gives a very jorcejul and deserved tribute to the American Missionaries T HE American missionary population in China numbers about two thousand five hundred and represents nearly fifty per cent of the entire foreign Protestant missionary population in this country. In mission- ary educational and hospital work, American institutions represent probably seventy-five per cent of the work being done by all missionary bodies. More Americans resident in China are engaged in missionary activities than in mercantile pursuits. Thus, in a way, our missionary interests are our pre- dominant interests in Chinn. They probably spend as much as $2,000,000 a year in China, the bulk of which is sent from the United States.

Does it pay? Yes, and from whatever viewpoint it is considered. Contrary to statements often made in print and in speech, the Chinese do appreciate the labors of the foreign missionaries and do welcome them in their communities. There are instances of opposition on the part of native communities to missionary work in these localities, but this opposition generally gives way under a better knowledge of the work of the societies in these communities. Time generally wears away this opposition, and often societies which at one time met with violent opposition in a community are now warmly supported by the same community. 1!1issionaries are often criticized for living in good foreign houses and for having comforts quite superior to those enjoyed by the Chinese among whom they work. In fact, one will find a missionary in China living as well as foreigners in other walks of life. But, why not? It would be a snd reflection on western civilization if we obligated our missionaries to live in the sordid, unsanitary way in which the mass of Chinese live. It would also reflect sadly on the missionary if he were to come to China from the United States and leave behind him the lessons which our country has to teach in sanitation and cleanliness. As the majority of missionaries live in the interior of China, away from treaty ports, that ,is, in places where foreign merchants are not by treaty permitted to live, does it not stand to reason that the missionary, in living in western style rather than in Chinese style, incidentally teaches the Chinese among whom he works to understand the virtues of things western? First toleration, then investigation, and later adoption, is the process of the result of the missionary carrying things western into the interior of China. Our merchants and manufacturers could well afford, as a business proposition, to equip American mission stations in the interior of China with American furnishings. Thus, let the American merchant be the last to criticize adversely the American missionary for carrying American ideas of living and comfort to the interior of China.

No people have done so much to acquaint the English-speaking world with the Chinese people and things Chinese as have British and American missionaries through their books and other publications on China and its people. These missionaries learn the language of the communities in which they reside and come to know the people among whom they work more intimately than do Britishers or Americans in other walks of life in China. As a result they have given to the English-speaking world a flood of knowledge regarding this strange country and its people, which, from a commercial viewpoint, is in itself a very important work.

METHODS

BEST METHODS FOR MISSION STUDY BY MRS. NOBLE C. KING, OAK PARK, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Secretary for Missionary Education of the Woman's Presbyterian Board of the Northwest T HE study of the Bible and the study stay at home than to those who go to of World Missions are very closely the mission field. connected. The one is a study of God's vital truth, the principles of salvation, The fact that the subject of missions ui holy living and of service to our fel- is being more widely studied by the 10w men; the other is a study of these Church to-day than ever before in its principles at work in the lives of men, history, that mission study is being put saving, transforming and renewing them. into every organization of the Church, and that the leadership is so inadequate The stud·y of God's Word and God's to the task, makes it important to raise World Work should go hand in hand. a high standard of missionary education The story of modern missions and the and to give these leaders the very best establishment of the Christian Church methods and the best training for their in every land is in very truth the story work. of "The New Acts of the Apostles, the continuation of the things which Jesus Opportune Times for Holding Study began to do and to teach. " Yet in Classes large measure the Church of to-day accepts only a part of the "Program of The time chosen for holding study God," studying His Word but not the classes should be a matter of careful record of His World Work. For this consideration. Putting them in at inreason the Church is finding it necessary opportune times has been a prolific cause to lay large plans for the missionary of failure. education of its members. The custom is increasing, not only in The study of the great world fields, Episcopalian churches but also in of the heroism of those who have not churches of all denominations, of using counted their lives dear unto themselves, the Lenten season for a study class peof the triumphs of the Cross and the riod. The reasons are obvious. Many trophies won from rocky soil, together of the most successful classes have been with the realization of the fact that God held during this period set apart for is at work in Oriental and pagan lands quiet meditation and sacrificial servto-day no less than in Christendom, gives ice, the closing session being held before great stimulus to the Church in the the special meetings of Holy Week behomeland. The benefits to the indi- gin. vidual Christian from mission study are likewise many, the most important of all Other favorable times are the autumn, being that it gives a new understanding when it is possible to put in a six-weeks' and conception of God's purpose and the class before Thanksgiving, or immedimighty task He has laid upon His ately after the holidays, when people are Church, and results in a wonderful through with the Christmas rush. deepening of spiritual life. The call to heroic service is seen to be not to the In many localities the summer month, missionary alone but to every follower furnish the best time for such courses. of Christ-that the call to unselfish, For those who do not attend the sumsacrificial service is no less to those who mer conferences, there is a great oppor- tunity in utilizing the hotel veranda, the woodsy retreats, the morning hours. Literature is not available in such large

quantities, but the freedom from winter little groups hidden away in somebody's cares gives time for quiet thought and parlor or dining-room, or possibly a constrength for study which make up for ference or church class room, known whatever lack of material there may be. only to a comparative few-quiet, Some fine classes have been held at thoughtful, dead-in-earnest groups facsummer homes and at summer resorts.* ing mighty world problems-are chang- ing the whole attitude of the Church 'l'ypes of Mission Study Classes toward the misionary enterprise. Per- haps we may change the tense and say In the main there are four types of that they have already changed the mission study classes operating in the ,vhole attitude of the Church in regard churches, all seeming to fill a place in to missions. A few years ago a missionthe missionary education of the present ary from India returning for his second day. They are as follows: furlough was pleased to note how greatly the home church had grown, 1. The lecture course based on some since his former visit, in intelligence study book. These are largely con- in regard to the work in India. He ducted by Women's Interdenominational declared that he could only account for Missionary Federations in all sections of it by the fact that the chu~ch had really the country and at the summer schools. bee~ studying missions in the then new In these courses a large amount of sub- study class movement. ject matter is covered and much inspiration gained. Books are bought and The Idwl Class notes are taken. Sometimes discussion is allowed, though not always. The quality of the work done in mis- sion study is steadily advancing, though 2. The large, extensive class where even yet the highest type of study class text-books are purchased by all, topics is but little understood. This is eviare assigned and prepared by the mem- denced by the number of reports which bers, and a portion of the time is given the writer receives of classes that are to discussion. Notable under this type still reciting their lessons. of class is that led each year during Lent by Mrs. Wallace Radcliffe, of the In the ideal class recitations, papers New York Avenue Presbyterian Church, and set talks are excluded or used very Vashington, D. C., with over one hun- rarely, and the discussion method, based dred women in attendance. upon a previous study of the sub- ject by the class as well as the leader, is 3. The reading circle, where a mis- substituted. It should have one leader sionary book (not necessarily a text- for the entire course; weekly meetings book) is read and discussed by a group which give time for preparation yet of persons who for various reasons are without loss of interest between sessions; unable to undertake preparatory work and questions for discussion of the subor who are disinclined to take up regular ject assigned by the leader the week study. Much is gained, of course, by previous. In such classes the leader the mere reading together of the book guides and develops the discussions to and the possibilities under a consecrated definite conclusions which have a real leadership are very great. Such reading value. circles often lead into real study classes. The mission study class is really the 4. The small, intensive class, limited only method of missionary education in number, which meets either for the which seeks to assimilate missionary food. study of a text-book or for a study of Vhen the first mission study textthe methods of teaching based on a text- book, "Via Christi," was issued by the book. This is the ideal method. Such Central Committee for United Study for Foreign Missions, after the Ecumenical "Winter resorts in Florida and elsewhere Council in 1910, that gifted woman, also furnish excellent opportunities for hold- Miss Abbie Childs, one of the commiting mission study classes. See the account of tee, earnestly urged that in the preparaa "Tourist Mission Study Class," held in St. Petersburg, Florida, which appeared in the Best Methods Department of THE RE- VIEW, in May, I9I6.-B. M. B.

METHODS

tion of the committee text-books it intellectual tone of the class. The should be presupposed that they were problem is how to get spiritual leaders to be studied. "We collect the food," who have in addition the trained abilitv she said, in effect, "from all over the to develop thought in a class session and world. We carefully prepare it, elimi- produce "team work" on the part of the nating all waste matter, cook and season members. it skilfully, serve and garnish it attrac- tively on a convenient table for our read- Years ago a leader of a young peo- ers. But we cannot be expected to chew ple's missionary society in Ohio solved the food for them!" the problem in her church. First she prayed for leaders; then she studied the Where the function of the text-book young people, picked out the promising ends, that of the study class begins. It material and trained them to active serv- "chews the food"! ice in the home church. At the same time she impressed them with her own How much missionary food we take strong personality. The result was that into our systems through reading, ser- a very large number of them went forth mons, lectures and programs, yet how to fields of service in all parts of the little of it we really assimilate! "I re- world. member so little of a chapter when I read it," said a member of a study class A pastor of an Indiana church is at- recently, "but when I have studied it tempting to solve it in a somewhat dif- with the class, it stands out clearly in ferent way. Being deeply imbued with my mind." the missionary spirit and desiring to make a strong missionary impression on his The Ideal Leader church, he chose four young women of his congregation and sent them last sum- One of the greatest needs of the rap- mer to the Lake Geneva Conference of idly growing study class movement is the Missionary Education Movement. trained leaders, especially leaders with They went home filled with new ideas a spiritual vision. Sometimes we have which are no doubt being worked out training without spirituality, and vice in that church at the present time. 7!erSa, but for the ideal leader both are Why did not a hundred other pastor~ needed. do the same thing?

Too often the tone of the class is in- Pastors and other Christian workers tellectual rather than spiritual. A class can do a great work in choosing, guidin a suburb of Chicago which recently ing and praying for their young people, completed a course in "The Living and giving them opportunities of getting Christ for Latin America," included in the world-wide vision which will count its membership one who had for many in all their work throughout their whole years followed the false teachings of lives. Are they doing it? Christian Science but had at length been brought out from it into a living faith In this day of summer conferences in Lord Jesus Christ. "I have been in and 'winter institutes there is abundant many mission study classes," she said to opportunity for young lives to come into the leader at the close, "but they have close touch with great missionaries from all been largely intellectual studies. the field and great missionary leaders in This one has shown me the possibilities the homeland. But some one must open of revealing, through the study of world- up these advantages to them. For this wide missions, the marvelous plan of reason every society should pay the ex- God for bringing the world to Himself." penses of one or more delegates to these gatherings every year. In some societies Surelv we cannot put our intellectual where the available funds are not standards too high, but would it be sufficient to send more than one deleworth while if we should stop there? gate, the plan is being tried of paying half the expenses of two, and it seems How to Get Leaders to work very well.

The leader is responsible to a great extent for the spiritual as well as the

Promoters of Mission Study "throw people into classes" if they are To do its best work every mission to be gotten at all. study class should have a promoter as well as a leader. The promoter may In some churches a promoter is apbe an individual or a committee, the pointed to look after the interests of duties being the same in either case, i.e., mission study in all the various organisecuring the leader; enlisting member~ zations of the church. In such cases he for the class; arranging the time and (more often she) is usually given the place for the meetings; procuring text- title of "Secretary of Mission Study," books, maps, charts; assisting in securing and his opportunities are very great. If books for collateral reading; and seeing your church does not include such a prothat assignments are conveyed to ab- moter among its regular officials, it would be well to appoint one at oncc.

sentees. The promoter should always be included in the membership of the Enlisting Recruits for Mission Study class and should in every possible way In a church in the Middle West stand back of the leader in making the which has a very live and energetic pro- class a success. moter of mission study, it was planned to A good promoter is sometimes as diffi- start a campaign with an organization cult to find as a good leader and is quite meeting, though it was not so called.

as necessary to the success of the class. It was advertised instead as an informal To be a good promoter one must have social missionary gathering with a pro- initiative, tact, persistence and enthusi- gram and invitation of such attractive- asm, and must be deeply in earnest ness that a large number were induced and impressed with the possibilities of to attend.

the task. Whenever great success is, As Latin America was the subject to achieved, either in an individual class be studied in the prospective classes, it or in a campaign, it is safe to say that some strong personality has been behind was made the topic of the program. it. Maps of La~in America were drawn from memory and afforded much amuse- The task of the promoter, especially ment. Picture posters were displayed along the line of securing members for showing the superlatives of Latin Arner- the class, is often up-hill work. There ica-( I) the highest active volcano; (2) is so much to be done in the way of the highest waterfall; (3) the highest overcoming inertia, dislike for study, lake; (4) the largest coffee crop; (5 i the "too busy" excuse, and countless the largest dairy in the world; (6) the other objections, that were it not for finest emeralds; (7) the richest country the fact that it is worth while to give in plants, shrubs and trees of commercial even one person a new vision of the worth. Charts were also shown giving missionary enterprise and his relation to the comparative areas of Anglo-Saxon it, few would be willing to undertake and Latin America, the population, edu- it. Yet it is a task with great possibilities cation, etc. Chili sauce was served (brief and great rewards. stories of patriots and missionaries of At Lake Geneva last summer one of Chili) and Brazil nuts were cracked the two-hour normal classes culminated (paper cut in the form of a Brazil nut in a deep, heart-searching session where doubled, painted brown and having a many decisions for service were made. quiz question written inside).

"I was simply thrown into this class," At the close of the program, announce- said a lady to the writer at the close. "I ment was made of the classes which were did not want to come, I was planning to to meet for the six successive weeks and do something else. But how glad I am enrollments were taken. Almost every that somebody, figuratively speaking, one bought a text-book and a large pro- threw me in. I shall never forget it. portion of those present agreed to join It will influence my whole life and one of the classes. Lesson assignments work." Sometimes the promoter must ,'!>-ere given out for the first week and

METHODS I35

the campaign was launched with great out the plans of the general committee.

enthusiasm. The goal was at least one mission study A Class of Program Makers class in every church in Greater Chicago in which there is a Christian Endeavor An excellent way to enlist recruits Society.

for a study class is to appoint a group The month of January, 1916, was de- of people to some special service and then voted to publicity and at the close of the offer the study class as an opportunity month the drive was formally initiated to secure training for that service. by a series of parlor conferences, one in A class in a church in Oak Park, Illi- each of the eleven districts of the nois, which held its sessions last autumn Union. The presidents and missionary and used "The Living Christ in Latin chairmen of the local societies were in- America" as its text-book, had, as a large vited to these conferences, the plans were part of its membership, women who had laid before them, their interest was been asked to prepare the programs on aroused and their co-operation secured.

Latin America for the Voman's Society. Returning to their home churches, they They came eager to learn all they could enlisted their own local workers, and and remained through the entire course, chose their leaders without delay.

thus getting the background of the entire The next step was a series of Normal book rather than of the single chapter Classes for the training of the leaders each was to take as the basis of her chosen by the various societies. There program. were five of these classes and during the When the class had completed its ses- first three weeks of February they met sions, these leaders met to plan their simultaneously in the loop district (the programs, each choosing an aim for her heart of the city) for two sessions each chapter, the material which should be week, the place of meeting the offices of used and how to adapt it. One woman one of the Mission Boards having head- announced that, through studying the quarters in Chicago. At the beginning chapter, "The Heritage of a People," she all the classes united for a brief meeting had herself gained such a deep sympathy at which plans were outlined and thor- for the Latin American people that she oughly explained. Then the various wished to make this the aim and appeal classes retired to smaller offices for their of her program. own class sessions. The text-books used Some o'ne has said that it is a crime to were "The Rising Church in Non- have stupid programs when there is so Christian Lands," "Comrades in Serv- much fascinating material to make them ice," and "Around the World with Jack interesting. A sure way to make them and Janet," and the leaders were the helpful and attractive is to precede them very best that could be secured in the with a study class. city of Chicago.

Chicago's Mission Study Drive Following the completion of the nor- mal work came the organization of the Last year a very successful campaign local classes, and by the end of March known as a "Mission Study Drive" was every society enlisted in the campaign carried to a successful completion in had a class studying missions. Close Chicago among the young people of the watch was kept on all classes and the city and suburbs under the auspices of final count showed the number to be 130 the Chicago Christian Endeavor Union. classes. This year will probably see The promoting for this drive was even greater results, for plans on a much done by a strong committee with Mr. larger scale have already been laid.

Charles E. McBurney, missionary super- . A Two-Section Study Class intendent of the Chicago C. E. Union, as chairman. Even the smallest details A recent letter from a worker in of it were planned long in advance, sub- Oquaka, Illinois, tells of something new committees on text-books, leaders, meet- in mission study. The Voman's Society ing places, etc., being appointed to carry of thirty-two members has been divided

by the president into two sections, each ing the class. Almost all text-books with its own leader. The two sections require adaptation, additions or subtracor classes meet separately for study. tions being made with the viewpoint of Then the whole society comes together the class always in mind. again and the two sides are tested by a set of previously prepared questions How to Make Assignments.-An asafter the order of an old-fashioned spell- signed lesson should consist of from three ing-match. There is also a svstem of to five questions. Before assigning them credits. Each side is given one credit to members of the class care should be for each member in attendance and ten taken that they are clearly stated, that credits for each new member secured for they cover the material and assist in the the society as a whole. realization of the chosen aim.

"Instead of a drowsy, comatose or- How to Make Use of Assignments.- ganization," says this worker from In the average class, the leader calls on Oquaka, "we now have a lively crowd those to whom topics were assigned, at of women who are actually learning appropriate times during the class session. many facts concerning missions, and their Is there not a hint of a better way in interest will surelv be awakened when the following incident? In a class rethey understand the work." cently conducted on Latin America, the Things a Leader Ought to Know leader privately asked Mrs. J – – to How to Begin.-When a leader be- look up the life of the great educator, gins his preparation for teaching a text- Sarmiento, and give it in about three book, he should, first of all, read it en- minutes at the next session of the class. tirely through, making comments, noting Then at the class hour, when the disdown impressions, questions, lessons, etc., cussion turned upon educational progress as he reads. in Argentina, Mrs. J – – watched her How to Outline the Chapters.-Before teaching each chapter, the leader opportunity and at an opportune moment should make an outline of it, working presented her information without being it over and over until he is satisfied that called upon. It caused no break in the it is clear, concise and comprehensive. discussion, and was a distinct contribu- This is necessary to give him the mastery tion. The fact that it had been preof its entire contents so essential to suc- arranged and was not spontaneous was cess. not discovered by the class. This is ideal where the discussion method is used. How to Select an Aim.-The leader should have a dominating purpose for How to Make a Teaching Outline.- the entire course; he should also make After the leader has mastered the conpreparation for each session with a tents of the chapter to be taught, chosen special aim in view. "What do I wish an aim and assigned questions and speto impress upon the minds and hearts cial topics, then a teaching outline of these wide-awake, ready-to-listen, should be drawn up, based on the above. open-hearted young people through the Sub-questions should be carefully noted presentation of this chapter? How shall which will develop the thought of the I make the best use of my one-hour op- lesson and lead out the members of the portunity with them?" These questions class to earnest thinking and self-expresshould ever be uppermost in his mind. sion, and to definite impressions and con- clusions. How to Adapt the Text-book.-The leader should select from each chapter as How to Use Prayer and the Scriphe studies it as much as can be profitably tures.-There is no question as to the used in the time allotted to the class advanta~e of the use of prayer and the session. If but a portion can be well Scriptures in the opening and closing covered it should be chosen with a view devotional services of any religious gathto the course as a whole and with special ering. They lead our thoughts Godward reference to the needs of those compos- at the beginning and tie up impressions at the close. But there is another use of both possible in a study class which counts for even more. The discussion

METHODS

of the great world problems and ques- 6. Arrange for the presentation of the tions, viewed from the religious stand- special stereopticon lectures on Latin point, again and again throws us back America prepared by the Board of Forupon the actual truth of God's Word eign Missions. as we realize our own inability to solve these mighty problems. When 7. Promote the formation of other hearts and minds are thus quickened, classes or groups for the study of Latin the Scriptures take special hold, and America. the use of them becomes wonderfully fruitful and convincing. And prayer- 8. Prepare to lead such a group yourwhen hearts are powerfully stirred by self. some great truth, there is nothing one wants to do but pray, and timid souls are 9. Increase your gifts to foreign misencouraged to voice their petitions aud- sions as much as possible. ibly before others for the first time. In the ideal class the writer would elimi- 10. If there are those among your acnate all perfunctory use of the Scriptures quaintances who do not give because and prayer, but seize upon every oppor- they do not know of the opportunities tunity for the use of both in the most for investment, try to give them the facts effective manner. and secure gifts from them.

Expecting Results.-Leaders should I I. Practice prayer yourself and pro· not only attempt to reach a high stand- mote it in your church. Ask your pasard of teaching, but they should expect tor and Sunday-school superintendent to definite results from their work. The arrange for definite prayer for Latin following suggestive "Things To Do" America from the pulpit and the Sundayis being put in the hands of all Presby- school platform. terian class members following the study of Latin-America. It is condensed and 12. Bring the call for personal seradapted from a leaflet by Mr. B. Car- vice on the mission field to the attention ter Milliken, Educational Secretary of of your young people. the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, and can easily be adapted to other DETERMINE what you can do, text-books. The leaflet is published by and straightway do it. To receive an the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- impression and not act on it, to see a sions, 156 Fifth Avenue, and in its vision and be disobedient to it-these complete form will be found excellent tend to harden one's spiritual sensibilifor distribution. ties and retard one's development.

For Members of Classes Studying Latin To see the vision and to follow it America means enlargement of LIFE. There is great joy in MAXIMUM SERVICE. J. Begin at once to pass or; any information you have gained. DO IT NOW.

2. Endeavor to have the text-book, TWO RESULTS OF MISSION STUDY "The Living Christ for Latin America," placed in every home in your church. I. It brings the student into closer and truer relationship with God in Christ and 3. Ask your pastor to preach a series with his fellow men. of sermons on Latin America. 2. It releases power in the form of 4. Keep the subject of Latin America gifts, prayer, personal service and conbefore your church by means of posters, secration of life-the means God uses charts, maps, mottoes and a bulletin to win the world to Himself. board with items of current news. DO YOU DESIRE SUCH RESULTS IN 5. Urge your Sunday-school superin- YOUR CHURCH? tendent to take up the subject of missions in Latin America in the Sunday- THEN GIVE THIS METHOD A TRIAL s~hool, B. CARTER MILLIKIN:

Woman's Federation

EDITED BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BEVERLEY, MASS.

A WOMAN'S CLEARING HOUSE BY MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

T HE Federation of Woman's Boards On the foreign field the Federation of Foreign Missions of North plans Christian literature for women America ought to be a great and efficient and children of non-Christian lands, and clearing-house for woman's foreign mis- gathers information in regard to such sion work. Progressive ideas and ideals interdenominational institutions as the should circulate like bills and checks. new Union Woman's College at Ma- The interchange of methods, the dras, India; the new medical school in strengthening of prayer life, the enthu- Veilare, India; Ginling College in siasm of united effort among women of China, and the hoped-for women's col- different Boards should offer new life to lege in Tokyo.

all churches. And are not vitality and Each Board belonging to the Federa- responsibility pressing needs to-day? tion is asked to appoint one woman, To become a member of the Federa- preferably an officer, who shall be the tion each denomination pays a fee based means of communication between the upon its annual income for foreign mis- Executive Committee and her own sions, and its voting power, expressed Board. She is to be known as a "Fed- by delegates sent to the annual meeting eration Representative," and will be in January, is in like proportion. From promptly notified of all action taken hy so broad a constituency as all North the Executive Committee.

America, speakers and expert leaders of One does not need prophetic vision to the highest ability can be secured. grasp the possible importance of such an Through the wise counsels of those organization as this. Simple in form, whose practical experience has been democratic in spirit, effective in pub- long and varied, there will surely be licity, wise in counsel, may the Federa- found a solution for many a vexing tion minister to the deepest needs and problem, and discussion frank and the highest aims of every Christian luminous may be anticipated. church of North America.

The special fields of Federation work UNITED STUDY BOOKS FOR ~9~ 'T-~918 are clearly shown in the standing committees. These include methods of A REAL treat is in store for students work among women, young people and of missions in two remarkable boob children, plans for increasing interest in to be published this month. About four the mission enterprise, with follow-up years ago the Central Committee on the work and publicity; foreign mission United Study of Foreign Missions se- propaganda in schools and colleges; in- cured Miss Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, a vestigation of summer schools and con- missionary of the Presbyterian Board, in ferences; and publication work which is Kamerun, Africa, to write a study book.

delegated to the Central Committee on The general topic assigned was: "The the United Study of Foreign Missions. Approach of the Gospel to Primitive Home Base work is the concern of these Peoples." The new book, "An African committees, but the Federation is also Trail," is the result.

interested in local federations that are Miss Mackenzie is known not only springing up rapidly. Helpful emphasis as a missionary, but as the author of is laid on the Day of Prayer, mission notable letters which appeared in The study in groups large or small, and in- Atlantic Monthly in 1915, under the terdenominational fellowship. title, "Black Sheep." The response to these letters, later issued in book form, genius. In the story of two African boys she introduces local color, thrills led the editors of The Atlantic Monthly of adventure and a background of mis- sionary motive and achievement. It is to seek permission from the Central a story of equal interest for girls. Little Asala is as great an adventurer as her Committee to publish two chapters of brothers. It is a story, and we all love stories. I t is a story of heroes, and boys the coming text-book in their magazine. and girls delight in the heroic. It is far more than a study book, and because These chapters appeared in the N ovem- we believe it will take a place among the classics for young people, the usual ber and December numbers of The questions and helps for a text-book are not included but will be provided else- A tlantie. The entire book of six chap- where. The young reader may start on his adventure with these two real boys ters carries out the promise of this fore- in Africa unimpeded by the thought of study, or tests, or moral lessons. Try it taste. on any boy or girl of any age who can Miss Mackenzie's fitness for writing read, and note the result. The book is delightfully illustrated with sixteen halfthe book is based on her first-hand tone cuts from photographs furnished by knowledge of the field, her charming the author. The chapter headings are as follows: literary style, which has passed the high- est test of American literature, and her rare psychological insight, strengthened by training of the highest order. We quote Miss Mackenzie's own words in the opening paragraph of her book: "This is a book about a neighborhood -a neighborhood like many others in the forests of equatorial Africa. It is a book about a tribe, one like many others of the tribes of the Bantu people of Africa. It is a book about an adven- Chapter I. The Family of Akulu Mejo. Chapter II. White Men and Their Adture-an African adventure which re- Chapter III. ventures. peats itself wherever the Word of God Assam tells more about Liv- Chapter IV. makes entrance into a neighborhood of Chapter V. ingstone. An Adventure with Dwarfs. those forests and addresses itself to those Chapter VI. Adventures of Assam and tribes. This is not a book of ethnology, Mejo. The Return of the Advenor anthropology, or zoology, or geogra- turers. phy, though in our neighborhood and in our tribe there is rich quarry for such effort. Neither is it a book of mission- Both books will be published March 1st, in ample time for leaders to preary history or biography, though we pare programs for the coming year and for summer school lecturers to arrange have been not without honor in our their notes. * corps and history. This book is an ac- All boards are urged by Miss Maccount of the impact of the Word of kenzie to provide supplementary material on their own missions in Africa. God, in a Bantu dialect, upon the hearts of some of the tribes of the Bantu." * The chapter headings are as follows: Chapter I. The Vhite Man in Africa. WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, Chapter II. The Bulu. Chapter III. The Bulu and God. TJUADRAS Chapter IV. The Ten Tyings. HE cheery little magazine of the Chapter V. The New Tribe. new college for women in India is Chapter VI. The New Custom. called The Sun Flower. The second number includes many interesting fea- 'l'he Junior Book 1'or :l9:l7-:l!H8 tures. The frontispiece gives two charm- ing views of the new building given by T HE book for Juniors, entitled "Af- the Woman's American Baptist Foreign rican Adventurers," was also written Mission Society from the legacy by by Miss Mackenzie and is a stroke of ;< The book contains 16 half-tone illustra- .. Price of Junior book of I20 pages, paper tions. It may be ordered from Woman's covers, 30 cents, postpaid; cloth covers, 50 Boards of Missions. cents, postpaid. Order from your Board.

Price, 30 cents in paper, postage to be added; So cents in cloth, postage 8 cents.

Laura Spelman Rockefeller. These im- "At one side of the big house is a posing buildings, which we hope to show small, oblong building which has been readers of THE REVIEW in a later issue, transformed from a storeroom into a are set in a compound of ten acres on peaceful little chapel, where we meet the banks of the river. The building twice a day for prayers. Behind the has had a notable history. Since its chapel are the kitchens and out-houses erection, prior to 1798, it has been the and one more small building known as home of famous Englishmen and Indians. the Enclosure, which contains eight or The residents have included one noto- nine student rooms, built round an optn rious character, a native ruler who at- courtyard in the form of a real Indian tempted the murder of an English offi- house. cial. He has left as his memorial on the college grounds a little stone house "The grounds contain two tennis which his monkeys occupied. courts, two badminton courts, and ample room for other games, even though we The following bit of description from should layout several more Rower the college magazine gives an idea of beds. We are gradually acquiring the location and color, and hints at some plants in pots, without which a house further needs of the college: and compound in India look very bare. Where the ample stables of Doveton "Nungambaukam is a quiet residen- House now stand, we hope to erect, in tial quarter with shady roads between the near future, a hall of residence, gardens and estates. You enter our which will increase our very limited acpremises by a white gate-with its sign, commodation for staff and students and 'Women's Christian College'-and a enable us to use more rooms in the main bamboo-bordered driveway which re- building for classes. We need this new veals nothing until it bends to the left. hall very much and are waiting only From that bend you can take in the for the necessary lakh of rupees which whole contour of the place at one sweep- will make it possible. Our ten acres of ing glance. Three white buildings stand land offer us considerable room for exin the midst of green lawns, and trees, pansion, and if the college continues to and shrubbery, and all the vivid coloring grow at its present rate, expansion will of blossom-time-purple bougainvillea, be the next great problem which we pink antigonon and cassia, yellow portia must face, for our present buildings are and acacia, and scarlet flame of the for- filled to overflowing." est. The small two-story house on the left is the bungalow, where twenty-five Miss Macdougall, the president of the of the students and two of the staff college, writes in her last letter of the have their rooms. But your eye will be arrival of the new American members caught first by the main building-a of the faculty, Miss Edith Coon, M.A., high, imposing mansion at the head of formerly of the faculty of Mt. Holyoke the driveway, with a scarlet tree shad- College, Massachusetts, and Miss Mabel ing its white pillared porch. The build- Dibell, of Western College, Oxford, ing is shaped like a T, with the stem toward the river bank at the rear. This Ohio. portion of the building contains the We quote from Miss Macdougall's large dining hall downstairs, and the library above it, both surrounded by letter the very pleasant words concernsemi-circular verandas that overlook the ing our American representatives: river. The front part of the house contains the office, staff sitting-room, central "I should like you to understand how staircase, large airy class-rooms, rooms very much we appreciate your choice of for five of the staff, and a third-story Miss Coon and Miss Dibell for us. sleeping room, now occupied by nine They both seem part of us already. students. The charm of the house is When Miss Coon, after a fortnight in its residential, rather than institutional, college, went away to begin her travels appearance. by visiting Madal'lapalle, we felt a real blank. She will be a most valuable ad- dition to our little band of professors. Her sweet, gentle ways attracted the

WOMAN'S FEDERATION BULLETIN

students from the very first. We all Those who have looked into the horror look forward to January, when she will of darkness represented by this place can take up her abode permanently with us. appreciate in some slight degree what Meantime we are planning for her to has been accomplished by the sacrifice of see Travancore, Vellore, Nellore, Ma- this noble life. dura, Palamcotta and perhaps Guntur also. Every mission has been inviting The little group of women whom her. Miss Bonnell gathered about her have shared in her work of faith and have "Miss Dibell is now hard at work helped to rescue thousands of girls. One with science students and seems very of the last appeals was for. a building happy and content. We like her very in which to segregate those who were much indeed. She has taken charge of affiicted with tuberculosis. the athletics of the college. That will bring her into pleasant relations with The Industrial Department of the all the students. We have 75 students school has provided a part of the supnow, of whom 9 are Hindus." port, and free-will offerings from resi- dents in China and friends in America FOREIG.N NOTES have supplemented the work of the girls.

Ginting College MISS NAROLA RIVENBURG, WOMEN, MISSIONS AND PEACE B.A., B.D., graduate of Vassar By the Rev. Sidney L. Gnlick, D.D College and Hartford Theological H AS not the time come for every School, has arrived in Nanking, China, church to establish a Committee on aqd received a hearty welcome from the World Problems and to introduce into college and its president, Mrs. Thurston. all its groups at some suitable time the The students have nearly doubled this study of the methods and responsibiliyear in numbers and the prospect for ties for establishing World Righteous- Ginling College is exceedingly bright. ness and World Peace? No new organ- ization is proposed and no new meetings. Miss Frederica Mead, whose interesting article on Ginling College appears in The World's Alliance for Promoting this number of THE REVIEW, a mem- International Friendship through the ber of the faculty and a graduate of Churches and the Federal Council of Smith College, is now at home for a year the Churches of Christ in America inof study in Teachers' College, New vite the co-operation of each church by York. Smith College students have re- the appointment of such a committee. cently signified their deep interest in Ginling College by offering to be re- Christian women have their peculiar sponsible for one of the departments in responsibilities in these matters. They the college. train the children in the home, in the schools and in the Sunday-schools. They Miss Bonnell, of Shanghai look upon international problems and policies with interests less warped than THOSE who read in THE REVIEW men by ambition for great financial recently the most interesting account gains, commercial conquests and national glory. The disasters and calamities of of the "Door of Hope" in Shanghai will grieve to hear of the death of the war fall most heavily upon them.

founder of this work, Miss Cornelia Through their Missionary Societies, Bonnell. This brave Vassar girl went Women's Clubs and Chautauqua Courses out to China as a teacher, since no board they are organized for study and for felt willing to invest in a representative work as are no other groups in the with such frail health~ After a few country. They, therefore, should bend years of secular teaching, Miss Bonnell their energies to the study of these queswas convinced that her work lay with tions and to the development of intellithe unfortunate girls who are bought gent convictions and sane methods for and sold in that infamous quarter of the establishment of international right- Shanghai known as "Foochow Road." eousness and good will.

THOUGHTS

MIS SHONARY ADDRJESSJ8S BY REV. JAMES M. GRAY, D.D., CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. Dean of the Moody Bible Institute A SERMON OUTLINE Testament, but are judged by the law written on their hearts (12-16). Missionary Motives The Jew had the Old Testament, and I. Obedience to the Divine command. while equally sinful with the Gentile, was trusting in the letter of the law 2. Sympathy for our fellow-men. while violating its commands (17-20). 3. Reward of service. The Jew is morally no better than The foundation for the second point the Gentile (iii. 10-18). lies in man's ·lost condition (Romans, Chapter i. 18 to iii. 20). The following Therefore, the boasting of the Jew is is a suggested outline of this inspired stopped, and all the world has become Classic: guilty before God (19).

In the previous verses we learn that On the ground of works no man can man becomes righteous before God only be accounted righteous before God (20). on receiving by faith a righteousness through Christ. At verse 18 we begin This condition of the world stirs our to see what man's condition is which deepest pity, and lays upon us an obligamakes this a necessity. tion to hasten the proclamation of the remedy! Compare the cause of appeals (a) A Divine declaration about sin for war relief with the destiny of a lost (i. 18-21). soul ! Note the call to do all that lies in our power by prayer, by word of Men hold down the Truth by their mouth, by giving, and in every other unrighteousness. It does not get a way, to turn men "from darkness unto chance to be known because of this (18). light and from the power of Satan unto God" (Acts xxvi. 18). God's eternal power and Godhead might thus be known by the facts of FACTS FROM THE FIEI,D creation, so that men are without excuse (20). Hunger for the Word Man is fallen from God through his THE following is taken from some reown ingratitude and conceited reason- cent correspondence of Mr. Gordon ings. It is a moral rather than an intellectual fall, for his foolish or sense- Robertson, who represents the Africa Inless heart is darkened (21). land Mission in Mahagi Centre, Congo BeIge, Africa; (b) A revelation of its punitive and degenerative effects (22-23). "Now that I have a grip of the lan- guage I am going out every second day At once sin becomes punitive and de- to villages preaching the Gospel. We generative (22-25). have a regular service every morning at seven o'clock, with an average attend- Note that the awful indictment ance of 160. Then various classes duragainst the Gentile world is corrobo- ing the week, with an attendance of rated by the Greek and Latin classicr.. from ten to thirty.

( c) Instruction as to the universality "It seems so strange at first, when of sin (ii. 1 to iii. 20). they gather round sitting on the grass, and then, after the message has been Even philosophers and moralizers given, they will not move but want it were no better than the common people given all over again! I never saw a peo- ( 1-3). ple so hungry for the Word of God.

God is no respecter of persons, as between Gentiles and Jews (6- I I ).

The Gentiles did not possess the Old "There are some bright Christians Of thy cross the wondrous story, among them. Last week one boy said Be it to the nations told; he wanted to talk to the people, and then gave them a good Gospel message. Also Let them see thee in thy glory he gave two weeks' wages to God and And thy mercy manifold. without money being mentioned. How – A rthur Cleveland Coxe. the work of God would prosper if those who are more enlightened had something I feel sure that, as long as we look of his spirit! on prayer chiefly as the means of main- taining our own Christian life, we shall Tile Great Need not know fully what it is meant to be. But when we learn to regard it as the "The chief was very much against highest part of the work entrusted to my coming here, as he thinks all the us, the root and strength of all other heathen practices will have to be given work, we shall see that there is nothup. He said, 'You have come to make ing we so need to study and practice as us have only one wife, we want ten j the art of praying aright. . . . It is you have come to make us stop dancing only when the church gives herself up and stop drinking beer.' I told him I to this holy work of intercession that had come with but one purpose, and we can expect the power of Christ to that was to tell him and his people about manifest itself in her behalf. . . . With the Lord Jesus. He asked me what I disciples full of faith in Himself, and would do if the people still went on bold in prayer to ask great things, Christ with their sins and their shame, and I can conquer the world. "Lord, teach us told him I would still tell them of the to pray."-Andrew Murray. Lord Jesus. He thought this "vas very strange. [,pt Us Give Thanks, 'l1be (;a11 of Af.·ica For the influence and power of the missionary appeal: "There is work for one hundred persons near here. People send word im- Thanks be to thee, 0 Lord our God, ploring us to come and start schools and for the high privilege of telling all men meetings. They also come long dis- the story of thy love. Thou who hast tances to hear the Word of God. My set us on our journey bring us, we pray tent is on a big hill, from where I have thee, to our goal and use us always for a view of fifty miles-west, south and thy glory. northwest—over a beautiful territory teeming with people who have never For the heroes of missions: heard the name of Christ. A few nights ago I was telling my boys there were For the splendid zeal and courage of thousands of people in my country who all those who in the past have witnessed knew Him; and when they were at for thee among the nations of the earth, prayer a little later they asked God to we bless and praise tlty Itoly name! send more of the white people to tell them about Jesus." For the gifts made by the church for the extension of thy kingdom: ~IISSIONARY AJUMUNITION o God of the endless years, make our Selections from a pamphlet prepared bv a Committee of the Foreign Mis- little day fruitful for thee! sions Conference exclusively for pas- tors. This may be secured by clergy- For the self-sacrifice of our doctors and men from their Foreign Mission nurses in the mission field: Board. Thou who didst Iteal tlte sick, bless THE SANCTUARY OF MISSIONS and support those who heal in thy name: Let Us Pray, Saviour, sprinkle many nations; Fruitful let thy sorrows be; For the growth of the missionary ideal among ministers: By thy pains and consolations Draw the Gentile unto thee! o Lord, who hast called thy servants to speak in thy name, make us instant in prayer and effort for the furtherance of thy world-wide kingdom.

CHINESE REPUBJ,IC HOHle Mission Worli: In

A Profitable Investlnent THE eleven Protestant Episcopal mis- sionary dioceses in China (seven Eng- A N annual gift of $1,000 enabled the Shansi mission of the American lish, three American and one Canadian) Board to open up new work in the re- are bound together in the Chung Hua mote province of Shensi lying to the Sheng Kung Hui, with its synod, its west. Here was a district the size of forty thousand baptized, its self-support- Massachusetts, with ten walled cities, ing parishes, its native clergy and its teeming with population, and with organized Sunday-schools. Small as yet, stretches of rich agricultural land reach- compared with the teeming millions of ing to the great wall of China, utterly China, it is nevertheless an earnest of untouched by the Gospel. By means the great things which are to come. of this one gift, Mr. W. O. Pye, the missionary in charge, has been able to The first act of this synod after it place ten native pastors in as many met, fully organized, in 1915, was to cities. The first reports are full of en- constitute itself as the Board of Missions couragement. Mr. Pye has recently in- of the Church and to appoint an Execu- spected the work and finds that already tive Committee instructed to prosecute 267 converts have been made and that plans for a new mission, to be conducted at several centers churches may soon be by Chinese churchmen in some part of organized. On this trip he opened six China hitherto untouched, with the hope new preaching places. The people, who that at once or later a new diocese might had not even heard there was a Christ, be formed there under a Chinese bishop. are keenly interested in the Gospel story, and, unless signs fail, the Shensi work The Executive Committee has chosen will be assuming large proportions in a a remote part of the jurisdiction of the few years. lVIr. Pye is bringing the new Bishop in North China, 600 miles southconverts in groups of 80 to the city of west of Peking, to center round Si-An- Liu-lin-chen for special instruction in Fu, the capital of the Province of Shensi. Christianity. The course lasts about tWQ The two Chinese clergy who have been months and will help anchor the con- selected to start the mission, both graduverts in the new faith. ates of St. John's University, Shanghai, were expected to arrive at their post in Chinese Attack Inll.noralit-y September last. The entire expense of this work is being borne by Chinese INVITATIONS have been issued by Christians. the Reform Society of Peking to all A Cllinese Moslem Converted Chinese who are willing to give up vice to join the organization. The 10,000 t MOHAMMEDAN young man, members of the society have pledged themselves to abstain from plural mar- .L Mr. Gin Liang Foo, who was a riages; gambling and impurity. The or- patient in the hospital in Tsinanfu, has ganization is headed by Honorable Yung accepted Christ and been baptized. Rev. Tao, who became a church member in W. P. Pailing writes of him: "Some of May, and who, it will be remembered, my happiest hours in China have been gave away 10,000 New Testaments be- spent by the bedside of this delightful fore that time, and prominent among the young fellow; but Mr. Gin, having members is C. T. Wang, until recently found Christ for himself, like Andrew a high official in the government. Mem- of old, feels constrained to go and seek bers of an advisory committee include his brother, too. He has persuaded his Paul Reinsch, the American minister, mother, brother, and two sisters (his and Rev. Chauncey Goodrich. father is dead) to examine the 'qoctrine' for themselves, and he informed me some time ago that they, too. are becoming

FROM MANY

interested, for they have seen the great }root-Binding StilI COIllDlon change Christ has produced in him. On many occasions when I have entered the BECAUSE certain of the more adwards, I have found that he has walked vanced Chinese women have unwith the aid of his crutches to the bedside of some fellow-patient and there bound their feet, there seems to be a occupied himself in teaching him a hymn, wide-spread impression in America that reading some passage from the gospels, foot-binding is a thing of the past. Lisor talking to him of Christ; while on ten to the recent testimony of a young one occasion, when a student failed to woman missionary in Tsingtau: turn up to take the ward service, rather than have no service in the ward that "I have itinerated all these years, night, Mr. Gin himself sat on the table through hundreds of villages, and never to conduct the service, and, I afterwards yet have seen a heathen woman with unheard, gave quite a good talk on one of bound feet, and what is significant to the parables. On Christmas Day, as I me now, as a student of the social consat beside his bed during service, it made ditions in China, is to see everywhere no one's soul thrill as one listened to this heathen little girls with unbound feet, man singing the Christmas hymns from that is, none who have come to the age the very depth of his heart, and eagerly of foot-binding. Nor have I seen any drinking in the Christmas message." Christian women as old as I am with feet unbound; though, of course, usually Christian Work for Chinese Boys Christian school girls, ranging below my age, have unbound feet. Of course, 'TIENTSIN as a field for extensive many Christian women older than I have boys' work is most alluring," writes Ilnbound their feet as much as they dare. I cannot tell you how interesting every Mr. R. M. Hershey, secretary of the phase of the Chinese life is to me, and Young Men's Christian Association in as I- purposely walk, eat and sleep with that city. "In the year and a half since the Chinese, what they reveal in confithe boys' department was organized over dence of Chinese conditions, heathen and 400 boys have joined as paymg mem- Christian, as we are counselling tobers and over 200 are daily using the gether, discussing the country's condiprivileges. Under the leadership of a tions, the status of the Church and the thoroughly wide-awake departmental problems of each home to which we go, committee these members are being or- with reflections on it after leaving, and ganized into various groups where they the comments they make on the heathwill find opportunity for service and enism bristling everywhere along the development of Christian character. road, are simply wonderful." • "About 300 of the boy members are in Valuable Addition.. to Churcb educational classes. Already five Bible study and social groups have been organ- TWO members of a group admitted ized. The Sunday Meeting Club has to the church in Changsha were a been one of the most successful features, the aim being to secure the attendance captain in the revolutionary army and of a definite group regularly. This at- an ex-member of the provincial parliatendance has been as high as 200 of ment. Rev. Walworth Tyng writes of the same boys coming throughout a these men: "The captain is a fine, upmonth. With 10,000 boys in the grade standing man and an earnest Christian. schools and the old family unable to He tells us he became interested through furnish the desired ideals and training, one of his privates, who was treated in with educational problems incident to our hospital service during the revolustarting a new system, these potential tion. The member of parliament we home builders await the service and help prize as a very unusual man. He is a which the Association can render, pro- man of means and of education, includvided adequate leadership in staff and ing three years in Japan, and above all equipment can be secured." of kind heart and most winning person- ality. He is a real progressive. For, though the wealthy here are given to

plural marriages, not so his clan. Three ary's house, was arrested and put in jail, generations, embracing seventy members, the latter, hearing of it, went to see him, have had no secondary wives. He him- and offered to help his family, if he had self decided ten years ago to give his any dependent on him, while he was in daughters an equal inheritance with his prison. This was the first thing that sons (they usually get nothing), and, impressed him favorably toward Chris- against the opposition of his immediate tianity. Then there was among the mlatives, refused to bind their feet, 'In Christians a policeman, lower in rank ten years,' he said, 'we shall see an end than himself, but bold and fearless even of foot-binding.' This gentleman's wife when derided. This Christian's characand eldest son were received as catechu- ter and courage greatly impressed him. mens along with him. The son had been Vhen suffering serious eye-trouble and in our boarding school for a year." threatened with blindness, the Christian doctor, an eye-specialist, was so kind and JAPAN-CHOSEN comforted him with so many Bible verses, that he was again deeply impressed. The IN 1907 the American House of Bish- fourth step was the careful instruction of ops of the Protestant Episcopal the pastor. During this period, while chief of police in another town, he per- Church adopted a series of resolutions, mitted the holding of a class for the containing the conditions on which it regular study of English and the Bible would consent to the consecration of a in the police headquarters, though himnative bishop for the Church in Japan. self at that time only favorably disposed These conditions have apparently been toward Christianity, and not all all reccomplied with, so that the following ognizing its truth as the only religion. resolution was carried at the recent General Convention in St. Louis: A JalJRneSe Salyatiollhd "Resolved, That the House of Bishops T HE recently deceased wife of Colorecognizes, with gratitude to God, the nel Yamamuro of the Salvation Army progress of the Gospel in the Empire of became a Christian while studying at Japan whereby, through the efforts of the Women's College in Tokyo. Shortly the missionaries of this Church, of the after, she was brought into contact with Church of England, and of the Church Salvation Army lasses from England, of England in Canada, a Japanese volunteered to help them in the language, Church has been established under the and ultimately was drawn into Army title of the 'Nippon Sei Kokwai,' and service. She was the manager of the records ~ts conviction that the said Nip- first Army Rescue Home in Japan for pon Sei Kokwai is competent to proceed women and often faced angry mobs, to the election, whenever it deems it ad- seething about the house, when some visable, of a Japanese Bishop, in accord- girl had escaped the clutches of the ance with the provisions of its Constitu- nether world. Later she was the mother tion and Canons, and that the Bishops of a large family and the helpmate of of said Church will be justified in pro- her eloquent, able, and devoted husband. ceeding to the consecration of said She displayed many of the characteris- Bishop when he shall be duly elected tics of the English mother of the Salvaand confirmed." tion Army, Catherine Booth. How esteemed she and her work were can be Whnt Won. the policeIlluIl inferred from the fact that to her funeral came more than twenty members of IT is the witness of the life, rather than Parliament, forty professors of univer- of words, that makes the deepest im- sities and colleges, many leaders in the pression on non-Christian people. This commercial life of Japan, and various is shown by a Japanese chief of police members of the nobility. The Marquis who recently told the steps which had Okuma, the late Premier of Japan, sent led up to his conversion. his personal representative. Mrs. Yama- About sixteen years ago, when a thief, who had broken into a mission-

FROM MANY LANDS

muro's dying words were, "True happi- crossed rough mountain passes, walking ness is by the side of the Cross of Jesus." from fifteen to thirty miles per day in -Record of Christian Work. heat or cold to preach the unsearchable riches of Christ. For seven years he Korean Christian Literature has lived in this field, enduring great hardship, passing through spiritual crises O NE of the enterprises which claimed successfully, and winning the affections the attention of the late Dr. H. G. of his people. With an insufficient sal- Underwood· was an effort to provide ary, his property has all gone into his adequate Christian literature for the living, and he has suffered many priva- Christians of Korea. tions for the faith. For four years now he has spent about three and one-half There is now not a single Bible dic- months each spring at the Theological tionary or concordance, hardly a single Seminary in Pyeng Yang, and will commentary on the Scriptures, no Chris- graduate next spring. He has left home tian biographies excepting those of and kindred, has given money and time Luther and Wesley, and very few devo- and strength in ungrudging missionary tional books. In fine, the splendid evan- work in the destitute regions, but who gelistic character and activities of the that knows him can doubt that his joy Church in Korea are handicapped by in the Master's service grows deeper the lack of Christian books. and fuller each year?-VV. M. CLARK, Chunju, Korea. Just before he died, Dr. Underwood communicated to H. B. Hulbert, who INDIA, BUR1UA, CEYI.ON lived in Korea for twenty-three years, the fact that the united missionary body IU1I)Ortnnce of tbe Out<-Rt!Jie of Korea had made a special request that Mr. Hulbert act as the field agent in "THE future of India will not be in this country for the Korean Religious the hands of the high-caste Hindu, Book and Tract Society, for the purpose of putting that society on a firm basis. but in the hands of the low·caste and the Dr. Underwood gave the last ounce of outcaste." This is not quoted from any his power to planning for this pressing missionary, though it represents the beneed of the Korean church and laid it lief of most of them. The sentence apupon the hearts and consciences of the peared in a publication of the Arya Christians of America to stand loyally Somaj, a high-caste organization which behind the organization. aims at a revival of a purer type of Hin- duism. Despite all persecution, the In- Besides a fund for the printing and dian low castes and outcastes are turning distribution of the literature, the society to Christianity literally by the thouneeds adequate quarters in the city of sand. So great has this trend become Seoul. A fine site has been secured in that the leaders of Hindu thought are the very heart of the city, and $25,000 thoroughly alarmed. The Arya Somaj, is needed to build a fireproof edifice for which is much more anti-Christian than a depository and distribution center for is the Brahmo Somaj, has begun misthe books. The work has the whole- sionary work among the masses of these hearted endorsement of the mission people, and is in dead earnest about it. boards affected. The challenge of opportunity is be- A Korean Evangelist fore the Church. The low caste and outcaste do hold in their hands the OF good family, Mr. Kim Sung Won future of India. They are looking to is rough and plain of speech, ugly Christianity for intellectual and spiritual in appearance, yet a man of ability and freedom. Whether India is to be won an interesting speaker. No one but he soon for the Master will depend upon could have cared for the mountainous how fully Christianity can meet the opterritory that he traverses with so much portunity presented by the movement of fidelity. Strong physically, he has these people toward the Church of Christ.

BrallIuin WOJllen'S Views on Caste Young Men's Christian Association sec- retary, to organize a Cosmopolitan Club W ALUBAI, a Bible woman in India, for the women. reports an encouraging experience. One day, while she was on the train, at A Moslelll Tribute to Mission Schools one of the stations some low-caste women entered the car. There were Brahmin THE Indian Standard prints the foland other high-caste women in the car and they complained that they did not lowing extract from a letter written wish these low-caste women to come in. recently by a Mohammedan gentleman They called them names and told them who is at present a collector and magisin an angry manner to get out and not trate of a district: touch them. Walubai got into conversation with some of the Brahmin women "As a graduate of St. Stephen's Coland said: "Why should you be cross with lege, Delhi, I have a personal experience those women? God made them as well of the education imparted in a mission as ourselves; they are our sisters." One school, under the guidance and direct of the Brahmin women, hearing her say supervision of the Cambridge Mission this, said, "Oh! you must be a Chris- fathers, and its salutary effect in after tian; they are the people who talk like life on moral and spiritual development this." They had a good talk, the women of all willing and thoughtful youths. acknowledging that they were not right In point of moral culture, I have no in their thoughts about the low castes. faith in government and other colleges, "But we are taught from childhood," excepting those conducted by some misthey said, "and that is the reason we are sion or other. I should therefore natuharsh. Some day these thoughts of rally desire that my son run his career Christians will prevail and caste will be of studentship in a mission school and a given up." mission college."

Reaching Parsees in Karachi The TestiInony of a Brahnlin DR. J. HOPE MOULTON, of A REMARKABLE case of the con- Manchester University, an authority on Zoroastrianism, came to Karachi for • version of a Brahmin Pandit at five days. His first lecture was given in Gopinganj, Benares District, is reported the Government College auditorium. by the Rev. A. W. MacMillan, L.M.S., The second lecture, to the Parsees, was in the annual report of the North India attended by practically all the English- Tract and Book Society. Ramswarup, speaking Parsees of the city. At both the Pandit, purchased some tracts from of these lectures Dr. Dhalla, the Parsee the society, and reading some lyrics, subhigh priest, a graduate of Columbia Uni- stituted the name of God wherever versity and possibly the most intellectual Christ's name appeared. During six fol- Parsee in India, presided. The follow- lowing years he had read several books ing day, at a splendid garden party given of the society, and both he and his wife by the Parsees in honor of Dr. Moulton, were "greatly affected" while reading a he was invested with the dastur's shawl, tract on the atonement. The Arya which is worn by the priests and is the Somaj, learning the state of affairs, orhighest honor which the Parsees can be- ganized a debating meeting to prove that stow on anyone. On the following Christ was a sinner. After three hours night Dr. Moulton lectured in the of discussion, Ramswarup got up and Young Men's Christian Association au- calmly told the audience of some 300 ditorium upon "Young Men's Christian people that he was Christ's, and would Association Ideals," and was greatly sur- on no account "be unfaithful to Him." prised to find half his audience Parsees. Instead of an uproar, there was a perfect One of the results of this visit was a stillness. This stillness "was wonderrequest from the leading Parsee women ful." The next morning Ramswarup for Mrs. Shumaker, the wife of the publicly witnessed, giving voluntary tes- timony of the good received from the society's books, and was baptized in the name of the Holy Trinity.

FROM MANY

Karen Christians Build a School ness and sending forth young men and young women eager to lay their lives on THE new Sgaw Karen High School the altar of God's service in the spirit of building at Bassein furnishes a fine Christ among the people of the land. The challenge is to remain in Turkey- illustration of what is being achieved in many ways a harder call, involving along Christian educational lines by the more sacrifice than the call to go, to native Christians of Burma. This which we listen at our conferences. building, 105 by 36 feet, finished in brick and metallic shingles and completely The majority of these volunteers are surrounded by a protective veranda, was Greek Orthodox and Armenian Gregoconstructed at the expense of the native rians. There are a few Protestants, and Christians themselves, except for a grant one Turk. These students face the of Rs. 9,000 ($3,000) from the Govern- reformation and deepening of the spirment. N a financial aid was asked of ituallife of the great historic churches to the constituency at home. The work of which they belong. And ever before building was begun at a critical period them looms that Gibraltar of resistance -just at the time when the European to the claims of Christ, that mightiest of war raids were seriously threating Bur- Christianity's opponents in the fieldma's and especially the Karens' chief in- Islam. dustry, rice exportation. The wealthy gave money, one of the donors remark- Action Against the ArIllenian Patriarch ing at the completion of the building that he had invested Rs. 1,500 in it and THE Turkish Government has taken the investment had afforded him the significant action agairist the Armegreatest pleasure of any yet made; teachers and students, after class hours, nian Patriarch by depriving him of his dismantled and helped remove the two political functions. It was objected that old houses that were to be replaced by the patriarch had a relation to a superior the school; trained pupils did the paint- in Russia that could no longer be toling, oiling, grading and some of the con- erated and that the communal statl.S crete work; the Government engineer established by the Armenian Constitucourteously drew up the plans of the tion was a menace to the existing order. building free of charge, and the school The action now taken abolishes the hired its own masons and carpenters and Patriarchates at Constantinople, Aktasupplied the timber from its mills. The marh (Lake Van), and Sis (in Cilicia), building is now practically free of debt, and recognizes only that of Jerusalem. and stands as a monument to the ambition and efficiency of the Karen I t annuls the National Constitution Christians. drafted in 1863, which provided for a representative body, called the General MOSLEM LANDS Assembly, to meet twice a year. This assembly elected two bodies, known as Student Volunteers in Turkey the Ecclesiastical and Lay Councils, com- posed of fourteen clericals and twenty A T the first Young Men's Christian laymen from the notables. These coun- Association Conference in the Turk- cils, through several sub-committees, have ish Empire, held in June, 1914, above had full charge of all matters relating Beirut in the Lebanon, the Student Vol- to the community. The patriarch of unteer Movement of the Turkish Em- Constantinople was the chief executive pire was formed. of the nation, a~ well as its representa- tive at the Sublime Porte. Except in local centers, this movement does not yet have any formal ArlHenian Need Increasing organization. It has no officers, no secretary, no reports. At the Lebanon A FEW days before the sailing of Conference a few men met together and prayed earnestly that this movement the Christmas ship, $410,000 was might gain headway among the college cabled by the American Committee for students of Turkey, consuming selfish- Armenian and Syrian Relief from New York to Tiflis in the Russian Caucasus,

to Tabriz, Beirut, Jerusalem, and sev- come to know the moral, social, and eral other inland cities of Asia Minor political causes which led up to the war, for the relief of starving and homeless and when their present sufferings have thousands accessible from these centers. exerted their sobering influence, they will In addition to this the committee appro- then be led to look for something more priated $500,000 to be sent early in spiritual than their own faith can sup- January, legally binding itself to this ply." amount, although the treasury was practically exhausted. It also gave assur- In recent years there has been an inances to the distribution commissions in creasing demand for the Scriptures in the field that still another $500,000 Mesopotamia. The British and Foreign would be forthcoming in January, if it Bible Society has depots in Busrah, Bagcould possibly collect that sum. dad, and Mosul. Two other missionary societies are at work in this great field, Latest reports, received through the the Dutch Reformed Church of America State Department from the American and the Church Missionary Society. A Ambassador, indicate that the need is Bible depot, a mission hospital, and a practically indescribable and will con- church are crying needs for Bagdad, tinue through the winter and indefi- particularly a church. nitely thereafter, with sufferings multiplied by increased cold and hunger. Persian Mountaineers Accessible The telegram states that this is a THE mountain field of the West crucial time and that the pressure Persia Mission of the Presbyterian brought to bear upon the refugees to compel them to embrace the lYloham- Church, U. S. A., has for the time being medan religion continues in the interior, been blotted out, as far as organized this being especially true outside of the mission work is concerned. The Rev. relief centers. E. W. McDowell, who has had this work in charge, writes: To preserve the Armenians and Syrians throughout the winter, at least "During the unrest of the past year $5,000,000 is required-merely to pre- the mountain Nestorians were driven by vent wholesale starvation. To repatriate the Kurds and Turks from their mounthe hundreds of thousands of Armenians tain villages into the Salmas Plain. The and the Syrians who have been driven Kurds and Turks killed all who came from their homes will require as much in their way, but the bulk of the people more, at the very lowest estimate. escaped and some 40,000 crossed the Turkish border. Since the fall of 19I5 Need and OPI)Ortunity in Bagtlnd they have been living as refugees and have been cared for with other war- BAGDAD'S importance as a mission stricken people. center is enhanced by the proximity "Opportunity is being offered to us to it of the sacred cities of Kerbela and to preach the Gospel to these mountain- Nedjef, resorted to by thousands of pil- eers to a degree never possible before. grims, in addition to its being the resi- In one service we have preached to peodence of the Quadiriyah order of der- ple to have reached whom in other days vishes. Bagdad contains 70,000 Jews, would have required weeks of travel. more than Jerusalem, yet there is no Then we could meet with them only missionary to them. Says Dr. Johnson, for a few days, and that at long intera medical missionary of the C. M. S.: vals; now we may preach to them daily. Formerly they only knew us slightly "An intelligent Moslem in Bagdad and had many prejudices against us j was not far wrong when he said to me now they have come to know us well in the autumn of 1914: 'This war is a and to trust us as friends. They had punishment inflicted by the Almighty on before heard the Gospel preached, but Jews, Moslems, and Christians alike, for now they both hear it preached and see all have grown cold in religion, in their it exemplified. It has indeed been a unrestrained pursuit after wealth.' I vonderful opportunity." think it is safe to say that when Moslems

FROlvI MANY

AFRICA ing guns and brandishing knives along the streets in wild mock fights. Then , OI)portnnlty 011 the llilger WRITING in his diocesan maga- came the weighing of their valuable rub- zine, Bishop Tugwell, of Western ber with a falsified balance, their pay- Equatorial Africa, tells of a visit to the ment partly in rum, and their dismissal U di district. From Onitsha, about ISO -each stage lubricated with rum. This miles up the Niger, the Bishop jour- was the return for that rich product neyed to Awka, and thence to Udi, now which might have furnished means for famous for its coal field, and already developing many a happy, sober, native linked up with Port Harcourt by rail, Christian village, a consummation made from which port thousands of tons of impossible by rum."-W. P. DODSON.

coal will shortly be shipped. The Bishop Critical Situation in Nigeria writes: A RCHDEACON DENNIS, who has "We were kindly welcomed by the been at work in the Eastern Provmanager at N gwo, the center of the ince of Nigeria since 1893, writes: "The coal-mining area. We were able to area occupied by the Niger Mission (C. visit some of the chiefs in the neighbor- M. S.) contains a population of perhood, whilst at the coal mines we met haps 3,000,000 souls, and is as yet largely companies of Ibos and Yorubas, Chris- unevangelized. It is everywhere open tians who urged upon us their claims to us, we have the ear of the people, and for spiritual help. U di stands on a seldom indeed has an out-station been plateau some 1,200 feet above sea level, from which a wonderful view of the occupied of recent years without speedy surrounding country can be obtained. It visible results. In hundreds of towns was a most heart-stirring experience to and villages, where it seems but the other stand upon the brow of a cliff and look day that the sowing of the good seed was upon the vast expanse of country, thick- commenced, the fields 'are white already ly populated, and to realize that through- to harvest.' The unique opportunity so out that region not a ray of light has, as evidently given us by God should be yet, penetrated the darkness which for centuries has brooded o'er the land. I bought up without delay. For it is passwas constrained to cable to the Church ing, and delay is perilous. The Mo- Missionary Society: 'Immediate expansion, Udi urgent.' " hammedan Hausas from Northern Ni- geria are everywhere more and more in ~vidence. Naturally the unsophisticated pagan looks upon them with a certain Rubber for Rnm respect, representing, as they do, a civili- zation in some ways superior to his own. "I WITNESSED III the town of They are to be found in all parts of the Dando, Angola, at the head of country, peddling their attractive wares navigation of the Quanza River, the from house to house, thus coming into process by which trade with the native closest contact with all classes of the is made a farce, and his life forfeited as community, and steadily increasing an inwell as his produce. It was an unusu- fluence which is uniformly hostile to ally fine season for the rubber trade, and Christianity. Before the present falarge baskets were brought down from vorable attitude turns to one of indifthe interior by thousands of natives ar- ference or hostility, and in view also of riving in large companies, entering the the activity of the numerous and zealous town in single file, singing as they came. Romish priests, it is surely of the first The first act of the trader was to get importance that those who are preaching as many of these as he could into his the pure Gospel should lose no time." large yard and give them rum and a present of some sort. Drinking was fol- Troubles in the Congo lowed by drunkenness and drunkenness CERTAIN Protestant missionaries and by frenzy, and in this state the poor native converts in the Belgian Congo wretches were allowed to march in com- have recently had some very painful ex- panies, dressed in flashing colors, carry- periences with the agents of the Roman

Catholic Church. One missionary feeling an increasing responsibility for writes: "On a certain day 1 was In one the evangelization of the native peoples, of the villages and a Roman Catholic and is taking more interest in missionary priest was there. At his instigation our work among them than heretofore. The two teachers were arrested and beaten reports to the Assembly held at Maritzwithout trial, cruelly tied up for the burg and the increased contributions benight, tied together by the neck in the ing made to the Mission Fund distinctly morning, and forced to attend a Roman show this. The funds are in a hopeful Catholic service, the priest officiating. I and encouraging state, in spite of the was a witness of all this, even to stand- many claims that the war has made. ing at the door of the church, hoping to Some of the congregations have doubled encourage my teachers thereby." their contributions.

Another missionary writes: "I was in Attention was called to the rapid dea village and a priest came into the vil- velopment of mission work in the Orange lage and began shouting and using Free State, and it was resolved to take abusive language, winding up by say- steps to secure a superintendent for this ing, 'You are a devil, go home to your work and to aim at raising a sum of women.' This was all done before the $10,000 for further extension there. natives in the village." Other openings are mentioned in the Transvaal and in Swaziland. The Missionary Survey comments: "I t cannot possibly be in the interest of In the Gold Mines of Johannesburg the Roman Catholic Church in Africa or anywhere else that a spirit 'of hatred and TO the gold mines of Johannesburg strife should be engendered between its followers and the adherents of evangeli- the black men come from the very cal missions." heart of Africa, from all the territory south of the Zambezi, even from Lake A plan is on foot for calling a gen- Nyasa. As many as 270,000 are in the eral conference of Protestant mission- "Rand" at one time, and in a year fully aries in the Congo, especially to consider 400,000 come and go. Separated from this question. kraal and tribal associations, they are sus- ceptible to all the evils of civilization. GerDlRn ])lission in Southwest Africa "They come to the Rand harmless sav- ages from the bush. They go back GOOD news comes to the Rhenish devils." So writes Frederick Bridgman. That is why he is investing his life in Mission from Southwest Africa, Johannesburg, for the thousands of men where the people are recuperating from who work in the mines must be reached, the severe famine. Multitudes are com- and if won to Christ, they go back into ing to the mission services, and among the interior to preach Him in the kraals. the Ovambo in Hereroland, Missionary W ulfhorst reports more than 30 bap- On his motor-cycle he tours among tisms and 140 new inquirers. the compounds for miles around, and in and out among the slums of the great The Berlin Mission receives good re- city he and Mrs. Bridgman go, doing ports of their churches, but in Transvaal their transforming work. The Bible is the schools have been taken from the being distributed in thirty languages. Berlin Mission, the seminary has been Nine chapels have been built in J ohanclosed and German teachers have been nesburg alone, and the congregations expelled. range from twenty to four hundred. The influence of Johannesburg for good Horne Missions in Sontll Afl·iea reaches far back into the interior. Young men who might never have been THE Colonials in South Africa are won to Christ back in the kraals are won generally hard on the natives and in Johannesburg, and, converted, they go into the interior to win others to make the work of Christians indispens- Christ, able to native welfare. The Presbyterian Church of South Africa, which is made up of Europeans, is fortunately

FROM MANY LANDS

ISLANDS OF 'l'HE PACIFIC on to the political liberties of the people. They are, therefore, more than ready for Malekulan Martyrs the Protestant religion, which they asso- ciate with American institutions. There SIX native Christians in the island of is a freedom of soul in Protestantism Malekula, in the New Hebrides, which is exactly what the Filipino wants and most needs. If our Church meets have recently met death for Christ. A her opportunity, Christ, as He has been band of ten Christian teachers went into revealed to us, will become the guide and the bush to reach the fierce tribes, and inspiration of the people of Mindanao. established friendly relations with two If our Church fails to meet her opporvillages. But at the third a trap was tunity now, it will pass, and no one can laid. As they were about to begin their predict what will take its place." service a man called out, "What have you come for?" The teachers replied. LellrOsy tn tile Ne,v Hebrides With that the man fired. This was the signal for a volley, and four teachers LEPROSY, introduced from New fell dead. Two more of the party fell Caledonia, has been spreading in the as they ran for the scrub. The other four escaped, one of them being wounded. New HehTides. Mr. Fred Paton, some Gloating over their cruel deed, the sav- time ago, began urging the people to set ages cooked and ate five of the bodies. apart a tract of land upon which the Dr. Sandiland writes that the Christian infected could be segregated. The sugparty are bearing the blow in a humble, gestion vvas at first treated with indifchildlike spirit, but that the heathen rela- ference; but finally the islanders became tives of the fallen heroes are thirsting for convinced of the danger, and presented a revenge. Much prayer is asked that hu- site, with plenty of running water, rich man passions will be restrained, bereaved soil, and fruit trees. One fact is worth hearts comforted and a stricken church recording-in every case where the man sustained. alone and none of his family was a leper, the wife elected to enter the leper camp Japan and Cal)tured Islanlls with him; but in no single case was a "well" husband willing to go to the T HOSE interested in the evangeliza- segregation camp with a leprous wife! tion of the Caroline and Marianne "The blessing of God," writes Mr. Islands, in the Pacific, will note that the Paton, "seems to have rested upon these Japanese have agreed not to make a self-sacrificing Tanna women. In no part of their demands in peace the right single case did the wife contract the disto hold permanently the South Sea ease. In every case, save one, the husislands which were wrested from Ger- band died; and the widow, after being many at the outbreak of the war. examined and pronounced free from the disease, returned to her own people." Opportunity ill the PhiliPl)ines I,lfe in tbe Ne,v Hebrides REV. FRANK C. LAUBACH, of . the American Board, who is asking A MENTAL picture of the conditions surrounding missionary life in the for seventeen new workers for Min- New Hebrides may be formed from the danao, writes: "Mindanao is to-day one following items culled from a letter reof the mo:t fertile fields for evangelistic ceived from Rev. Fred Paton, of Malework in the world. The wild folks kula: "Not long ago a quiet, inoffensive know nothing about the evangelical British subject was murdered by the Christian movement; but the educated North Malekula bushmen, about eighpeoples on the north coast of the island teen miles from here. They came to the do. They associate the Catholic Church seacoast and sold him cocoanuts. He with the oppression of the Spanish days. evidently sat down to chat and smoke, Hence there is a widespread opinion that and had pipe in one hand and tobacco in Catholicism is hanging as a weight on the other, They killed him with his OWI1 the spiritual progress of the Filipinos just !IS the Spanish regime was hanging

axe. Then they rushed into the house, October 80 more Chinese students sailed where tea was already laid, and killed from Shanghai for Ame;ican colleges five children, cutting their bodies to and universities-65 men and IS wompieces and taking one body away to eat en, all of them to be supported in Amerat a bush festival. . . . Owing to fight- ica from the "indemnity fund." Other ing and shooting in the villages behind students, who will maintain themselves Onua, five bushmen have come to the while abroad, accompanied the governshore, and we hope they will stay alto- ment students. Previous to their degether. They don't know any shore parture receptions were given them by language, and we talk by signs. . .. the American University Club, composed We have our communion next Sabbath. of graduates from American universities Two old cannibals will join. Our col- residing in Shanghai, and by the Young lection will go to the relief fund of the Men's and Young Women's Christian Belgians. We sold the nuts on the mis- Associations. sion land as copra last week for 35 shillings, which is a good start." There are now in America more than 1,200 of these "indemnity fund stu- Indians ill Fiji dents," who represent the best in intellect that the new China has to offer. To REV. J. W. BURTON writes from gain the privilege of being supported by this fund these students have had to pass Fiji: "A great change is about to severe competitive examinations. Many take place in the conditions on this field. are filled with the highest patriotism; Hitherto there has been what is known many of them also come with the kindlias the 'Indenture System' among the est anticipatory feeling toward America Indian workers in these islands. The as the nation that really embodies the people are brought out from India-re- true Christian spirit. Some have expecruited by agents in the provinces-and rienced sad disillusionment, because the are then indentured to a planter for five Americans they have met have treated years. The wages have been very low them in a manner contrary to the spirit and the moral conditions have been al- of Christianity. The importance of most indescribably bad. The coolies reaching these men and women for have been herded together like so many Christ cannot be over-emphasized. Sevbeasts, and given very little chance of eral of the conspicuous Christian leaders clean life-all for the sake of gain. Re- who are making the new China were cently there visited Fiji, on behalf of the trained in America, while, on the other Hindu and Mohammedan community in hand, the most active Confucian propa- India, two Christian English gentlemen gandist in China is a Columbia U niver- -Mr. C. F. Andrews and Mr. W. W. sity-trained Chinese. American Chris- Pearson. These men made an inde- tians have a great responsibility in their pendent report on the conditions of coolie manifestation of Christianity to these labor in Fiji, and in a large measure, visitors. Qwing to their investigations, the Indian Government has decided, with the con- Word Frolll the B01·der sent of the Secretary for State for India, that the whole indenture system shall be A GOOD deal is already known of abolished. Many of us feel inclined to the work which the Young Men's sing a Te Deum, for the system has been Christian Association is doing among the a disgrace to civilization and a serious soldiers on the border, but one of its obstacle to Christian missionary work." best features is a quiet piece of "follow- up work," of which naturally little is NOR'l'H AMERICA said. From the various camps letters are sent to hundreds of parents, friends, Chinese Students in America pastors of churches and secretaries of local Associations, giving them names of N0 one can estimate the good results men from their local communities and that have come to America and to homes who had either signed cards ex- China in the return of the "indemnity fund" after the Boxer uprising. Last

FROM MANY LANDS

pressing their determination to lead the sinking fund amounting to $288,346,- Christian life or the "clean living" cards, 839.76, and this surplus would have pledging themselves to abstain from pro- fully covered the military and naval ap- fanity, drink, and other vices. These propriation on the preparedness program letters establish a point of contact be- vetoed by Congress." tween the man with his new determina- tion and new purpose in life and the Appalling as these figures are, there is influence of the home that will contribute encouragement in the fact that the "wet" most to his winning out in his fight for territory is narrowing. At the last elec- character. tion four "dry" States were added to the list. N ow the sentiment for national A Strong tJity Mission prohibition is growing. It is estimated that one-half the population living in A SPLENDID piece of constructive wet territory lives in four States. One- work was done by the Presbyterians sixth lives in six cities. One-half the of Louisville, Ky., when more than saloons in the United States are in four- $52,000 in subscriptions covering a pe- teen cities. In thirty-six States there are riod of five years, or $IO,400 a year, was fewer saloons than in New York City. raised for the maintenance of the "Pres- There are fewer saloon, south of the byterian Colored Mission" of that city. Mason and Dixon Line than in Chicago. The work is under the direction of Rev. John Little and an executive committee An Extra. Million Needed representing all the Presbyterian and Reformed churches of Louisville. THE Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions is seeking to raise an extra Seventeen years ago a group of six students from the Presbyterian Theological million dollars for certain strategic Seminary found a section of the city pieces of advance work over and above thickly populated with colored people that provided for it in the regular budhaving no religious advantages and in get. ·One of the most urgent of these absolute ignorance of God. On the first opportunities is the Latin-American de- Sunday twenty-three colored children velopment, for which a large fund is came together. In the seventeen years needed. The new comity arrangements the work has grown from a small mission have thrown on the Presbyterian Church school in a rented building to two large an increased territory and also an ininstitutional plants with I,585 people at- creased share in union schemes. The tending its classes, clubs, and services Presbyterian Church carries alone the recarried on under the direction of ninety- sponsibility for missionary work in Siam, four white teachers in two buildings open and part of the new fund is to be apseven days in the week. The work: in- plied to the extension of work in that cludes not only religious services, but Empire. Conditions in China which also classes in sewing, cooking, carpentry, have thrown open I,700 walled cities and basket weaving. have suggested a plan of evangelization which seems sensible and wholly attrac- Tile Liquor Traffic tive, whereby a native center would be established in each city, the former LAST year the drink bill of the United pawnshop buildings being purchased, States was $2,4II,856,678. The equipped and manned with three native workers, supported by outside funds for total budget for the United States Gov- three or five years, after that to be selfernment for the same year was only supporting;. For many of these cities the $I,06I,574,9I9.I2. "In other words, Presbyterian Church is responsible, and a the money spent for intoxicants would fund is to be raised to inaugurate the have provided the nation's budget for scheme. The amazing mass movement all purposes for two consecutive years, among the lower castes in India has been without additional appropriation or tax- demanding attention for some time, and ation on the part of Congress, and in it is the simplest missionary statesmanaddition thereto would have provided the ship to take advantage of it. Provision difference, a surplus, in the form of a

is made for this in the fund now being In Puebla 5,000 Bibles, or portions, raised. Five educational enterprises are have been distributed in six months, and included also: Silliman Institute in the still more are demanded. "The wonder- Philippine Islands, Teheran College in ful Book is really becoming popular in" Persia, Peking Federated University in Mexico," writes Mr. F. F. Wolf. "In China, the Training School at Moga in the public concerts which the city gives, India, and the women's colleges and the orators seldom fail to refer to Jesus other institutions of higher education in or to the Bible, though they often mis- Japan. interpret its teachings. When the Lord thus raises up political orators to help l~iolleer Life }-'ft,I'tltest North spread His Word we can but see the great interest He is taking in this part P OINT BARROW, ALASKA, IS of His vineyard." the northernmost' mission point in the world. Rev. F. H. Spence, M.D., Coopf"'ration in Cuba writes from there: IN a field the size of Cuba, where "We have no telegraph, telephone, twelve American missionary societies wireless, automobile, overland limited or airship; but neither do we have the sa- are at work, it would seem that economy loon, the brothel, or Sabbath desecra- and efficiency demand a union or corretion; and the house of God is filled. lation of the different denominations for Three times a week do they flock to the higher educational work. Growing God's house, and with them all their out of the Regional Conference in Hachildren, from the oldest to the youngest. vana, following the Panama Congress, Their faith is simple. If they lack food, an interdenominational committee was they pray to God to give to them, If appointed to study the field and make any are sick, they ask Him to restore recommendations to the several boards. them to health. Gentle are they, kind One of the chief questions before this and generous to one another. It may committee will be that of education, to be at times we look with longing eyes at determine how many and what schools the privileges you enjoy, and then the are needed to give higher and technical peace and faith and quiet of these people education. Much interest centers in the steal over us and we are content." possibility of an interdenominational in- stitution for the training of teachers, LATIN AMERICA kindergarten teachers, and ministers.

The Bible in Mexico A plan is also under consideration to organize a union church for English- REPORTS to the American Bible So- speaking residents of Havana. At pres- ciety indicate that Mexican officials, ent the M. E. Church South has an organized congregation served by a pastroops and civilians are welcoming the tor appointed exclusively for English- Scriptures more eagerly and widely than speaking work, and the Presbyterians and they can be supplied. Rev. W. F. Jor- Baptists have weekly preaching services dan, the Society's agent in Mexico, in English. It is believed that a union writes: "I found the two workers who congregation, with its own place of worhad gone down to Mexico City very ship, would meet the needs better than much elated with the success they were separate services have done. having. In the first two weeks of the campaign 17,000 gospels had been dis- Vburches Destroyed ill St. Thomas tributed. Pastors and churches were cooperating heartily. Of course, they were THE probability that the Danish West not getting cost prices for the books. Indies will soon be under the Ameri- They were being sold for ten cents each, Mexican money, or about two-fifths of a can flag should increase very much our cent American money. As at the present interest in the missionary work now berate of exchange, however, a peon's ing carried on there. The Moravian wages are only'about ten cents, it was as Mission Board has churches on several much as it was best to ask for them at of the islands, but these were seriously this time." damaged, if not destroyed, by the hurri-

FROM MANY LANDS

cane last autumn. In describing the the united efforts being made by the effects of the storm, the Moravian says: churches of all denominations in Sao Paulo, a center of culture and study for "It is very plain that help of a two- the greatest republic in the Southern fold sort is urgently needed-money Qr continent. During the last two years the clothing to meet the pressing wants of Christian forces have drawn together in the unfortunate, who, at least in St. services for prayer, and now for united Thomas, usually depend in the best of work. In the month of September the times to some degree on imported food, "Gaumont Palace"-a former skatingand money to aid the congregations to rink, holding five thousand persons and restore their places of worshilJ and mis- said to be the largest auditorium in sion houses: thousands of dollars will "be South America-was rented for a whole needed. week. All members of evangelical churches were organized to attend the "For many years these people, at no meeting each evening and secure thetime well off, have been faithfullv trying presence of as many friends and strangers: to work forward to the goal of self- as possible. Speakers presented the prinsupport and independence of the moneyed ciples and truths affirmed by evangelicar aid of their friends in America and Eu- Christianity, and a vigorous effort was rope, so far as their religious wants were made to arrest the attention of the great concerned." city in behalf of the "living Christ." This is but one of the advance steps A. Bisllop for Central America taken by a body of Christians, where one congregation recently built a new church T HE possibility of undertaking more seating over eight hundred persons. aggressive work in Central America has been before the Protestant Episcopal Tile Problems in Brazil Church for some years. The matter carne before the General Convention in A FTER spending a month in studying a concrete form through a recommenda- conditions in Brazil, John Nelson tion of the Board of Missions, which Mills writes that the problems confrontsuggested that the House of Bishops con- ing the missionary forces are three: sider the consecration of a bishop for the Canal Zone, who should take over such First, the low morality of the people, further jurisdiction in the neighboring aided and abetted by both Church and republics as the Church of England State. The Brazilian government is might see fit to relinquish. After care- largely supported by a lottery, which has ful consideration, resolutions were passed its agencies by the thousands in every to bring this about. The territory in large city and its soliciting agents by the question comprises the republics of Gua- tens of thousands throughout the countemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, try. Everywhere one travels, at every Costa Rica and Panama. These have railway station, in every village, he is all been a part of the Diocese of Hon- importuned by men and boys to buy duras, which will now be confined to chances in the federal lottery for that the colony of British Honduras. day's drawing. Cities have their munici- pal lotteries and the Catholic churches The population of Central America is have theirs. Is it any wonder, then, that about four and a half millions, of whom gambling is rampant? There is not a nearly half are Indians and in the re- bank but has suffered by the defalcations maining half is a considerable proportion of its gambling clerks. Candalaria, the of negroes, very many of whom are richest church in Brazil, is supported by members of the English Church. a lottery. Indeed, in some places the Church is more wicked than the State. Union Services in Sao Faulo Second, alienation of the leading men, A FEW weeks since there appeared by these and other immoral practices. in 0 Puritano, the largest evan- not only from the Church, but from regelical periodical in South America, ligion. When a man has been deceived published at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an item which shows one of the effects of the Regional Conference. It refers to

by the only form of Christianity he has is the oldest. The next III age is the known, it is difficult to attract him to Indo-Ceylonese Christian Association, any. which was revived last autumn and which holds meetings regularly through- Third, the temperament of the people. out the year. At its Retreat last Easter This induces to strife, and prevents even it was decided to enlarge the Association Protestants from working unitedly to- to include Indian and Ceylonese students gether. Said one of the missionaries to throughout the British Isles. Until then me, "There is something in the Bra- it had been limited to London. The zilian atmosphere that leads to revolu- cOll)mittee appointed for this consisted of tion. I feel it in myself." The united one representative for the Indian stueffort carried on so successfully in India, dents in Scotland, one for those in Eng- China, Korea, Porto Rico seems impos- land outside of London, one for Wales, sible here. three for London, and also one foreign student secretary. Last March a meet- EUROPE ing was held for West Africans, at the close of which those present decided to Prohibiti0l' ill England form a Christian Union. The Egyptian Christian Society was formed as a result REFERENCE has already been made of a meeting of Coptic students at the in the REVIEW to the monster peti- home of Mr. Robert Wilder. They have been meeting regularly to study the tion, asking for the abolition of the religious and Association needs of Egypt liquor traffic, which has been presented and for Bible study, in which they use to the British Throne. In connection the Arabic Bible. with this, an appeal for a nation-wide publicity campaign has recently appeared The Belgian Y .. M. C. A. iu Danger in the London Christian, signed by Rev. A CORRESPONDENT of The Out- J. Stuart Holden, from which the fol- look calls attention to the fact that not the least of the misfortunes which lowing paragraph is quoted: the war has caused in Belgium is the "The threatened interests of the almost complete ruin of the Young Men's Christian Association work in 'Trade' are organized to oppose, with that country. The Brussels Young all the power of wealth and influence at ]vlen's Christian Association, in spite of their command, this liberation of the the fact that the Protestant population nation from its fatal curse. Unless it is of the city is very small, had before the strongly brought home to the Govern- war several hundred members and was ment that the great majority of the peo- beginning to play an important part in ple demand courageous action in the the religious life of the city. Its effectslaying of this giant, which has too long iveness was due largely to the enterprise held our people in bondage, filched our of the two foreign sections, German and money, and crippled our resources in war Anglo-American, which disappeared enas in peace time, there is only too much tirely at the outbreak of the war; and, as ground for fearing that it will yield to millions of Belgians are wholly or parthe 'Trade,' as it has yielded before. tially objects of charity, the society is And if Drink wins now it wins for good. now almost :l.bsolutely without funds. For never again will such an opportunity For the past two years Mr. Van Duynen, for its overthrow be before us." the Brussels secretary, has received only a fraction of his always modest salary, Foreign Students in England and if help is not forthcoming it is pos- sible that it will be necessary to abandon OF the 2,000 foreign students in the work entirely. Minister Brand Great Britain, 280 are Egyptian, Whitlock has given assurance that funds 300 Chinese, 1,200 Indian and Cey- addressed to him for the Young Men's lonese, and 60 Siamese. There are a few West Africans and Japanese and several from the Malay States and South America. Of the 1,200 Indians and Ceylonese, 700 are in London. There are four Christian Unions among these foreign students. Of these the Chinese

FROM MANY LANDS

Christian Association will reach the college, to cost from a quarter to a half proper hands safely. million dollars. When the proposed five-story building and its tower are comoThe MeAll Mission in War-Tillle pleted the visitor will see the American WING to the changed conditions College, a landmark hardly less con- and unforeseen circumstances aris- spicuous than the dome of St. Peter's. ing out of the present war, the McAll There is no doubt that a first-class, up- Mission has had to adapt itself as best to-date college there will draw I,CXlO stuit could to the pressing and varied needs dents, and such a school the Methodist of possibly the most critical period in its workers are planning." history. The work has been greatly affected by the war; nevertheless, it has The Sufferings of Poland been carried on with many tokens of blessing. A CCORD I N G to a statement made by the honorary executive secretary Two of the workers have been ap- of the Polish War Victims, "the latest pointed army chaplains, and one is chap- authentic reports from Poland are that lain to the fleet, whilst a fourth is acting all children under seven years of age in that kind of capacity whilst serving have ceased to exist, having died from as a stretcher bearer. The last has re- hunger and disease." When the war cently won the "War Cross." broke out there was in Poland a popula- tion of 34,CXlO,000. At the end of the One of the army chaplains, Pasteur second year, according to the authority Nich, the superintendent of the Fives- just named, 14,000,000 human beings Lille Branch, has, in addition to win- have perished from various causes in ning the "War Cross," gained "the Poland. The property damage in that Cross of the Legion of Honor" for country due directly to the war is esticonspicuous gallantry on the battlefield. He has written that the work of an army mated at about $I 1,000,CXlO,000. More chaplain is very solemn, because one by one his soldier-parishioners are killed. than 200 towns and 20,000 villages have Some have been wounded as often as been razed to the ground; 1,600 churches four times before receiving their death- have been destroyed. As an instance of blow. the vastness of the destruction of human life occurring in Poland, the following Pasteur Nich lends books, and one is given: "In Galicia, Austrian Poland, that the Christian soldiers appreciate in the district of Gorlice, where a battle greatly is the biography of Hudson Tay- raged for several months, 1,500,000 lor. But there are some that find all that civilians, caught between the lines of the thev need-relaxation, advice, encourage- contending armies, have perished right ment-in the Bible alone, and they stick there from starvation while in hiding." to that. ADlerieans in Monastir A Mission College in ROIne T HE entrance of the Allies into Mon- A N observer of religious conditions in astir is of special interest because the Italy, after commenting on the in- American Board has maintained work different attitude of the young men to- in that city since 1873. Four of the misday toward the Roman Church, goes on sionaries are supposed to be there at to say: present: Rev. and Mrs. William P. Clarke, who have general charge of evan- "The Waldensian churches-'evan- gelistic, industrial, and educational work; gelicals'-are pressing their simple gos- Miss Mary L. Matthews, principal of pel service in many places, and other de- the Girls' Boarding School; and Miss nominations are pushing their work Hilda Hawley, a young English nurse, forward. The American Methodists who is associated with the American have 4,000 Italian church members. Mission, but has for two years been They have secured six acres of land on serving in the military hospitals. Monte Mario, north of the Vatican, and are planning to open a high-grade Within the last five years the posses- sion of Monastir has changed several

times: from Turkey to Bulgaria, from arduous labors in connection with safe- Bulgaria to Serbia, from Serbia back to guarding the lives of foreigners in that Bulgaria and her allies, and now the uprising, and he retired five years later. Entente Allies are in possession. In He was the author of several books in spite of the changes, the work of the Chinese and in English. Americans has gone steadily on. The schools have not closed; sick and wound- lley. Grahnnl J~ee, D.D. ed have been cared for, irrespective of nationality; the missionaries have gone REV. GRAHAM LEE, D.D., for among people of all classes; and the many years a valued and honored houses of the American missionaries have been centers of friendliness and help- member of the Korea Mission of the fulness. Presbyterian Board, died December 2d in California, where he had been obliged OBITUARY NOTES to live since 1912 on account of his health. In 1892 he was assigned to the Dr. John L. Dearing, of Japan Korea Mission, where he labored with indefatigable zeal; his whole heart was W E referred very briefly in our Janu- in the Christian message and it was the ary number to the death of the supreme joy of his life to preach Jesus Rev. John L. Dearing, D.D., a leader Christ and Him Crucified to the people in the Japan Mission of the American of Korea. They, on their part, quickly Baptist Foreign Mission Society, on De- learned to recognize the unselfish charcember 20th, at Clifton Springs, N. Y. acter and the loving devotion of the man, Dr. and Mrs. Dearing came to America and Dr. Lee became one of the active on furlough last May and he had been members of the mission, through whom doing deputation work. the power of God was mightily mani- fested in northern Korea. Dr. Dearing was born in Webster, Me., in 1858 and was educated at Colby Dr. Aliee Mitehell, of Indio College and Newton Theological Seminary. After holding several pastorates, T HE Presbyterian Board reports the he was appointed a missionary, and in death, on November 21, 1916, of 1889 sailed for Yokohama, Japan, where Dr. Alice Mitchell, a member since 1895 his influence as a missionary statesman of the Punjab Mission, and the daughter became widespread. In 1894 he became of Dr. Arthur Mitchell, for eight years president of the Yokohama Baptist Theo- one of the secretaries of the board. Since logical Seminary, and later, for some 1896 Dr. Mitchell's work has been in time, acted as general missionary for connection with the Woodstock School, China, Japan, and the Philippines. He and she has exercised general superintendwas secretary' of the Edinburgh Con- ency both of the Woodstock School and tinuation Committee, editor of The of the Woodstock College. How heavy Christian Movement in Japan, and sec- was the burden of the work she carried retary of the Federated Mission Move- is indicated by one of her last reports, ment. in which she speaks of having taught seventeen periods a week in the school Dr. H. D. Porter, of China classes and of having conducted the whole work of the office, including a heavy HENRY DWIGHT PORTER, correspondence, the. discipline of the M.D., missionary to China under school and its general administration. In spite of delicate health, Dr. Mitchell the American Board, 1872-1906, died did her work with unwearied fidelity and recently at his home in La Mesa, Cal., with full devotion. aged seventy-one. His missionary work began at Tientsin and was continued at Dr. W. A. P. Martin, of China Pangchwang, Shantung province, where he founded Williams Hospital in 1882. A biographical article on the late Dr. Driven out with the missionaries of other Martin, written by Dr. Arthur J. boards in Shantung by the Boxer troubles Brown, will appear in our March of 1900, he was compelled the next year number. to return on furlough because of his ~TlHlB MlISSIONARY LlllBlRARY_ D'VtJ: ~.. .j – ~ LJ'UU"""CHriJ' "iOU1)Uiiii.

• "ii'iAi ii .D"U'U•••••• ~=-@: ~.

World Statistics of Christian Missions: nominations to which they belong. Then Containing a Directory of Missionary Societies, a Classified Summary of follows Part II, the statistics of missions Statistics, and an Index of Mission Stations Throughout the World. under the general headings of General Edited by Professor Harlan P. Beach and Burton St. John. Quarto, 148 and Evangelistic, Educational, Medical pp. $2.00. The Committee of Refer- ence and Counsel of the Foreign Mis- and Philanthropic. Each of these main sions Conference of North America, New York, 1916. divisions includes the data from each This volume is the product of more mission land; separately exhibited, so that than a year of patient and careful collecting of data and its subsequent criti- 'one can see at a glance just what a given cism and revision. Its object is to present an exhibit of the work of Christian society is doing in a given mission field. missions at a period midway between the decennial years when world conferences Part III contains the indexes of missioncall for a full exposition of the status of the missionary enterprise. While it is ary societies, and the most time-consuma lineal successor of the Edinburgh Conference "Statistical Atlas of Christian ing section of all, the Station I4n,doe9x~ Missions" and of its later and fuller which shows the location of the edition, the "World Atlas of Christian Missions," it differs somewhat from those resident mission stations, with the sopublications. Mr. Charles H. Fahs and Professor Beach repres~nt the committee cieties working in each of them and the which prepared the two atlases just mentioned, and Mr. St. John was one of the force of each society. The rectification compilers of the Edinburgh Atlas; yet the present one differs in some particu- of these stations on the maps has called lars from its predecessors. The most noticeable variation is its lack of maps. for months of work, which unfortunately This is due to the large expense involved in remaking them and also to the fact does not appear on the maps, though the that the maps of the previous atlases are nearly enough complete to make corrections are noted in type in the index their reprinting unnecessary. Another lack is the fuller tables of missions to the itself. Jews which appeared in the former compilations. Only Jewish work conducted The reader is referred to paragraphs in foreign mission fields is entered, whereas in previous editions that done in the "Editorial Comments," in which in Europe and North America was also included in the tables. some of the leading figures of this atlas The contents of the volume are as are given. It is a volume unique in the follows: After the preface and introduction comes Part I, containing a di- statistics of missionary work, and one rectory of missionary societies, classified under the sending countries and the de- which every student of missions and every board office should possess. I t is unfortunate that the semi-decennial pe- riod when this work has been prepared should be in the midst of a war which has almost wholly interrupted German missionary activities and which has crip- pled other operations as well. Yet it is work that has been very carefully done, and it is no longer necessary for speakers and writers to use statistics collected in 1909 for the Edinburgh Atlas. These for the year 1915 are reasonably com- plete and are essential in all discussions including statistical items affecting mis- sions.

A Map of China. Prepared by Mar- shall Broomhall. 2 ft. 8 in. by 3 ft. 5 in. China Inland Mission, 1916.

The sainted Dr. Somerville, of Scot- land, a powerful promoter of missions, once appeared before the General Assem- bly and held out before his Presbyterian brethren a prayer-book! Possibly it of national freedom. A final chapter might have been given a cold reception treats of "The Modernista Movement:' had he not opened it and shown the A carefully prepared Bibliography and value of his special edition, which proved an Index of Names add to the usefulness to be a general world atlas with full of the volume. maps of the great mission fields, whose needs, as he pictured them, made the We find here not only a history of volume alive with suggestions and ap- Spanish American literature, but also a peals for prayer. history of those phases of Spanish Ameri- can life which have been the sources of The most perfect missionary map the literature. Dr. Coester's definite made, perhaps, is Mr. Broomhall's re-' placing of authors in connection with vised edition of "A Map of China, Pre- the history of the times in which they pared for the China Inland Missions, wrote and his illuminating account of 1916." Its execution was placed in the the personal relation of each writer to hands of Stanford's map establishment, the social and political developments rethe British Government's cartographers. flected in his literary work lead the It contains not only all the mission sta- reader on with unflagging interest. tions of all missionary boards, distinguished from other cities and towns by Whatever degree of sympathy or lack a red cross surmounting the town mark, of sympathy one may feel for the ideals but all important towns and cities as expressed, the fact that these ideals were well, thus showing the cities and towns held sincerely, tenaciously, at cost of yet unoccupied, thousands of them per- imprisonment, banishment, even of marhaps in all. Its size, which is 2 ft. tyrdom in some cases, compels a growing 8 in. by 3 ft. 5 in., would suggest a appreciation of the strength of Spanish wall map; but its multitudinous towns American character. and other data are in such small type that it could not be read except when He notes for us the characteristics of near it. While it is not as spacious as different nationalities as manifested III a recent map several times as large, their literatures-the seriousness of published by the Far Eastern Geograph- Chileans, expressing itself chiefly in hisical Establishment, it is perhaps the torical writing, in contrast with the most accurate of all maps of the Chinese "gay wit and subtle irony" of the merrepublic. The provincial markings and curial and excitable Peruvians, as shown those of actual and proposed railways are in letrilla and comedy. "But fiction by very clear, and the old town marks of a curiosity of fate was cultivated in various shapes indicate the former rank Peru by women.'" "Aves sin Nido," by of cities as prefectural, district, etc. Clorinda Matto de Turner, depicting' While under the republic all are hsien conditions affecting Indian life, has been cities, their former status is helpful for compared to "Uncle Tom's Cabin," bethose who would know the relative im- cause of its social importance. portance of their mission stations. To whatever degree the people of the The Literary History of Spain. By various Spanish American republics may Alfred Coester, Ph.D. 495 pp. differ from each other, the literature of $2.50. New York, The Macmillan each country seems to indicate strong Company, 1916. patriotic feeling and instinctive appre- ciation of beauty and grandeur in nature. This volume provides invaluable aid in meeting the Anglo-Saxon problem of Reviewing the long procession of "a sympathetic penetration into the writers brought before us, from Alonso Latin American spirit." de Ercilla y Zuniga to Jose Santos Cho- cano, one longs to be able to quote of Dr. Coester presents the literary pro- them all the words with which the talductions of Spanish America in three ented poet, Ruben Dario, in "Portico," groups-those of the Colonial Period, closes his retrospect of the moods, cathose of the Revolution;:ry Period, and, prices, ideals and resolves which have with fuller detail, the literatures of the dominated his own life and workseveral countries since their achievement "And toward Bethlehem … the cara- van passes by." FABER FOLDING "The World ORGANS In Christ's Time"

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354-360 Fourth Avenue, New York 354·360 Fourth Avenue, New York Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1916

AMI';RICAN-MEXICA", PEACE CONFERENCE. AT HOTEL BILTMORE, NF]W

IDlnltn,tnmml"IH""'"II"n'l 1-'IIIIWI"IIIlIO'IB,m,mm'WIIIIIII'"Ulmmumllmll'lIImlllllllll'lIIl11nIllUIIIIIIUlIIIII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIHnllllnlllllllllllllUIIIIII,I,III1OIIIIIImlll,mlllUliUlIIIIIUlIIIIII,I,UI,IIU1U1"UI, Ii A~~.~~~~~Y.~-= I iiI IiI NOVEMBER 8th to 10th-Annual Meeting Women's Board of Missions, Northampton, Mass.

~ 10th-Day of Prayer for Foreign Missions. ~ ~ 12th-World's Temperance Sunday. §I ~ 13th to 15th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Concord, N. H. ~ iI iI 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, New York, N. Y. 17th-John Williams sailed for the South Seas, 1816. 100th anniversary.

I! :::~ ~ ~:~h L~::n~='B::k~onv. Moo, H~"'bu,g, Moth,';" 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Chicago, Illinois. r. i,==========_, 24th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Detroit, Mich.

27th t., 29th-Laymen's Missionary Ministers' Council, Waterloo, Iowa.

29th to Dec. 3d-Medical Missionary Conference, Battle Creek, Mich. i- 30th-Founding of the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society, 1841.

30th-Thanksgiving Day Service, Home Mission Sermons.

DECEMBER 4th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Minneapolis, Minn.

6th to 7th-Friend's Foreign Missionary Conference, Gloucester, Mass: 6th to 8th-Friend's Foreign Missionary Conference, Belfast, Me.

6th to 13th-Third Quadrennial Council, Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, St. Louis, Mo.

7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Pittsburgh, Pa.

llth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Cincinnati, Ohio.

14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Decennial, Cleveland, Ohio.

19th-Birth of Adolphus Good, 1856. 60th anniversary.

23d-William Duncan sailed for Fort Simpson, British Columbia, 1856.

24th to 28th-Quadrennial Conference of Student Christian Association of India and Ceylon, Poona, India.

– 24th-Allen Gardiner sailed for South America, 1836. 80th anniversary. 24th-Christmas Sunday. Foreign Mission Services.

24th-Dedication of Duncan's Church at New Metlakahtla. 20th anniversary. 26th-Bishop Selwyn sailed for New Zealand, 1841. 75th anniversary. 31st-Death of Bishop Crowther, 1891. 25th anniversary. 31st to Jan. 6th-Universal Week of Prayer.

IL-.,___un••,_ _- These are the men to whom the American and Mexican Governments have entrusted the task of bringing diplomatic order out of chaos. Standiug: Mr. Stephen BonsaI, Secretary Lansing, Elisio Arredondo and Dr. Rowe. Seated: Dr. John R. Mott, Judge Geo. Gray, Hon. Fredk. K. Lane, Hon. Luis Cabrera, Ignacio Bonillas and Albert J. Pani. (See page 831.)

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. NOVEMBER, 1916 NUMBER ELEVEN XXXIX SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE MEXICAN PUZZLE T HE United States has been distracted beyond measure for the last five years with the Mexican turmoil-and no doubt this distraction will continue through the years unless Americans come to realize that it is not the question of stopping a fight, but the matter of solving a problem. Mexico is endeavoring to change from sixteenth century to twentieth century conditions. It is not the ca~e of a revolution that must be squelched, but an evolution that needs to be guided. We might as well settle down to the fact that the problem is that of slowly changing a nation into the image of God-a God whose very name is unknown to one-fifth of the population, and whose Book cannot be read by four-fifths of its people. The Mexican people are not to blame for the chaotic condition of their country. What nation under the sun has ever developed a real democracy without having had preached and ground into her life the principles of the Sermon on the Mount 1 We may expect no permanent settlement of the Mexican problem until her people have been imbued with the democratic teachings of Jesus. Is this the word of a missionary enthusiasU During a visit to the People's Institute at Piedras Negras after having examined its work, Governor Carranza (now Chief Executive) said that if there were twenty-five such institutions scattered over Mexico, the problem of revolution would soon be solved. And that sentiment has been echoed by a hundred Mexicans who care little for the propaganda of a foreign religion, but who recognize the saving power of a Gospel such as is there exemplified.

There would be no Mexican problem if to-day the United States had displayed the same interest in the development of Mexico's soul Tbe editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest tbe spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EJ)ITORS.

as we have in the exploiting of her natural resources. American capital has invested $1,000,000,000 in Mexico. Protestant missionary forces have invested about $2,000,000, or only one five-hundredth of the former sum. For the Christianizing of the 3,000,000 Indians, many of whom have recently been taking part in raids on our border, Protestant Christianity is not sustaining one lone worker. Yet the United States has assigned to pay for the present troop movements to protect our border the sum of $130,000,000. This amount is too tremendous for us to grasp. How far it would go toward the real solution of the Mexican problem I It would place in every town and city of Mexico with more than 4,000 people, a church, a college, a hospital and a social center, all magnificently equipped, and sustain an ample corps of workers in all these institutions for a period of ten years; and over and above this it would enable us to endow the public school funds of municipalities with the sum of $750,000, the annual interest at 6 per cent on which would be more than the Mexican government has ever paid for education in any single year of its history I Because of the European war America to-day practically holds a mortgage on the world financially, but the world holds a mortgage on America's soul. God pity us and save us!

ENLARGEMENT IN LATIN-AMERICA CHRISTIANS in the North American continent are becoming increasingly interested in the problems of their southern neigh- bors. One evidence of this is the Latin-American Development Fund started by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. On April 17, 1916, the Board voted that" a special effort be made to raise $100,000 to be devoted to the development of the mission work in Latin-America and the Philippine Islands, and especially to the direct evangelistic work and to provide for native evangelists and preachers."

The Panama Congress on Christian Work in Latin-America revealed the inadequate number of missionaries in these fields, the hopeful and ambitious spirit of the Latin-American peoples and their welcome to all friendly, uplifting influences, the widespread religious dissatisfaction and the increase of intellectual doubt and unbelief, the growing intimacy of intercourse between the United States and Latin- America. The American nations should be united in their faith in the Christianity of the New Testament, and'avoid the danger and failure of international relations governed by principles of selfishness and distrust. "Above all, the claims of neighborliness and brotherhood and the need of human souls everywhere for the Living Christ, combine to summon the churches to a more earnest and sympathetic support of the missions and of the national evangelical churches in Latin-America." .

1916J SIGNS OF THE TIMES

As another result of the Congress at Panama the Christian Woman's Board of Missions of the Disciples Church has decided to enlarge their work in Argentina and has asked the Committee on Survey and Occupation to assign them the three unoccupied provinces of Entre Rios, Corrientes and Misiones in northern Argentina, and also the republic of Paraguay, in which there is no American society at present. This Board has also decided to send twenty-one new missionaries to Mexico in the next five years.

The Lutherans have organized a Pan-Lutheran Society for Latin- America, and steps have been taken, pending the biennial meetings of the General Bodies in 1917, to send Pastor Ephraim Ceder, of the Swedish Augustana Synod, to Buenos Aires. This will be the means of avoiding all further division of Lutheran forces 'in the Southland Republics, and should unite all Lutherans interested in Latin-America. They will urge the Lutherans of the Argentine and other countries to organize churches and schools, not only for themselves, but also for the native populations.

These are but a few of the plans for promoting Christian work in Latin America. More will be done when the North American Christians have a better understanding of the Southern Republics as revealed in the reports and text-books recently published.

AMERICAN RELATIONS WITH THE ORIENT T HE relations of the United States with China and Japan is a matter of growing interest, not only to statesmen and poli- ticians, but specially to those who are promoting Christianity in these lands. The situation may become acute if left to drift at the mercy of present-day politics and certain sections of the press.

The rise of a new China makes it inevitable that sooner or later the American exclusion laws should be reconsidered and the Chinese be set free from humiliating discrimination. The California antialien land law leaves room for the possibility of misunderstanding between Japan and America, especially in view of the interpretation given by the radicals and the sensationalists in both countries to the raising of Count Terauchi to the premiership and to measures of military preparedness in both nations.

Christian leaders discredit all suggestion of the possibility of war between any of these three great nations, but they recognize the need for serious thought on the problems presented in their mutual relations. A conference on American Oriental problems was therefore held in New York on September 26th under the joint auspices of the World Alliance for Promoting International Friendship through the Churches and the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. There came together some fifty missionary leaders and prominent citizens interested in Oriental problems. Chin~ was

represented by Bishop L. H. Roots, Bishop Wilson S. Lewis, Presi- dent H. H. Lowry and Fletcher S. Brockman, of the Y. M. C. A.; Japan and Korea by Bishop Herbert Welch, Bishop M. C. Harris, Dr. Sidney L. Gulick, Dr. John L. Dearing, Dr. Hilton Pedley and Dr. A. D. Berry. Among the Mission Board Secretaries were: Dr. Robert E. Speer, Dr. Frank Mason North, Dr. William I. Haven, Dr. James L. Barton, Mr. William B. Millar, of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, and Bishop A. S. Lloyd.

There was unanimity in the conclusion that there must be an emphatic rejection by America of "Imperialism" and "Dollar Diplomacy" ascribed to Americans by Asiatics. There must be an outspoken declaration in favor of the new internationalism in relations with Asia.

Japan has observed with fidelity the terms of the "Gentlemen's Agreement" entered into by Secretary of State Elihu Root and Ambassador Takahira some years ago, with the result that the emigration of Japanese laborers to the United States has ceased, while the number of Japanese living in the United States is 15,000 less than at the time of the agreement. Its operation has caused hardship and misunderstanding among graduates of Christian schools in Japan and Korea who have wished to enjoy the privileges of an American college education.

The immigration question seems to be practically solved for the present, but there are two possible sources of friction: The California land law and the conflict of American and Japanese policies in China.

A resolution was passed recommending to the President that he ask Congress to create a non-partisan commission whose duty it shall be to study the entire problem of the mutual relations of America and the two great nations of the Far East, and to invite the government of China and the government of Japan each to appoint similar commissions. The American commission should then visit the Far East and confer with the commissions of China and Japan in their respective countries.

Another resolution indorsed the bill proposed by the American Bar Association for an act by Congress providing for the adequate protection of aliens. A third resolution affirmed the importance of establishing a Publicity Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs for the purpose of supplying to the public accurate information as to events in China and Japan and their relations to the United States.

If these resolutions are carried out effectively a long step will have been taken to strengthen friendly relations and the way will be open for other conferences of representatives from Japan and China with citizens of America interested in the development of international good will and the advancement of Christian ideals.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

THE P AN-TURANIAN MOVEMENT ONE of the remarkable results of the war is the change in the attitude of the Turks toward their fellow Moslems. The Sul- tan of Turkey has for centuries claimed to be -the "Defender of the Faithful" and the great head of the Moslem faith. With the advent of the young Turk to power, the Sultan lost his prestige. When Turkey entered the war she formed an alliance with an infidel power and fought against fellow Moslems from India and Africa. Then Great Britain announced her policy to protect the sacred Shrines of Islam, and in other ways sought to win the favor of . Moslems. In the Egyptian Sudan the British do not allow Christiani ty to be preached to Moslems in Khartum and are making Gordon College practically a Mohammedan institution. Moslems are more free to do missionary work than are Christians. This also has helped to lessen the power of Turkey with Moslems. Finally the Sheikhs of Mecca and Medina have revolted from Turkish authority and have declared that Turkey is traitor to the faith.

The result of this is seen in a Pan-Turanian movement. The Turks declare themselves enemies of Arabic-speaking Moslems, and word comes that they are adopting a policy for the extermination, not only of Christians in Turkey, but of Arabic-speaking Moslems as well. They proclaim "Turkey for the Turk," and some of them even advocate a return to pre-Moslem forms of faith and worship.

The line of cleavage in Europe and Asia between the spirit of Christ and the spirit of paganism seems to be growing more and more marked. It is clear that "those who have not the spirit of Christ are none of His." It will be a benefit to mankind if men come to realize to what the anti-Christian spirit ultimately leads.

CHURCH AND STATE IN MADAGASCAR S INCE the French took possession of Madagascar the Protestant churches have been in many difficulties, which at times have threatened their existence. An unfortunate incident has occurred there, to mar for the time being the good understanding that was gradually growing up between the French Government and the Protestant missionary societies in the island.

A political plot, having nationalist significance, was discovered by the authorities, and some of the leaders of the movement were men connected with the Christian Church of Madagascar through the various missions. The French Government consequently decided to press more closely its insistence upon the separation of political and Christian ideals within the missions, and its hand has been heavy upon the small minority of people whose connection with this plot was revealed. The French Government has, however, through its

representatives in Madagascar, expressed once more its confidence in the foreign leadership of the Christian Church, and has given evidence of its friendliness toward the missionaries of the five societies-the Paris Society, the London Missionary Society, the Friends' Foreign Missionary Association, the Norwegian Missionary Society, and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel.

Friends of this great work are asked to pray that there may be no unworthy use of the organization of the Christian Church by the Malagasy, and that the Church itself may show by all its actions its full understanding of the purpose and scope of the Gospel message, so that in the days to come nothing may occur to hinder the free course of the Gospel in tlie island and the bringing into the knowledge of the salvation of God those hundreds of thousands of its inhabitants who have not yet accep~ed Christ.

COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS T HERE is yet to be shown a consistent example of interdenomi- national Christian unity and cooperation on a broad scale. A few attempts have been made to practise it, but they have been narrow or feeble. One of the recent attempts has been in Utah, the state of which a Mormon remarked, "This is the only place on earth where a Jew is a Gentile."

In Utah the line of demarcation religiously is not that of the Protestant and Roman Catholic, but that of the Motmon and Gentile. Under the general classification of Gentiles are included Roman Catholics, Protestants, .Tews, Buddhists, Hindus, or people of no faith.

In the first zeal of the missionary boards to establish churches everywhere throughout the State there was much overlapping which has caused great confusion in recent years. Because of this situation representatives of the denominations gladly welcomed the organization of the Utah Interdenominational Commission, following the work of the Neglected Field Survey a few years ago. This Commission has completed a thorough organization and the denominations cooperating under the plan are the Baptist, Congregational, Christian, Episcopalian, Methodist Episcopal and Presbyterian.

The following quotations from a "Statement of Principles" which the Commission has issued show the spirit in which it is working: "A community being served by one or more evangelical denominations should not be entered by any other denomination through its official agencies without consent of the Commission. A feeble church should be revived, if possible, rather than a new one established to become its rival. The preference of the evangelical element in a community should always be respected by the Commission."

It is to be hoped that this effort in Utah will be fruitful in true

and interdenominational unity, and will set an example for other states. Another fine example of the possibilities of denominational co- operation is found in the Church Federation in St. Louis, which consists of 115 of the most prominent churches in the city. Twelve denominations are represented. The unique feature of the federation is found in the executive function which it assumes. Unlike the federations in some cities, which act only in an advisory capacity, collecting data and furnishing material for the churches, the St. Louis Federation attempts to act for all of the organizations as a representative of a united Protestantism. One of its achievements is the St. Louis Training-school for Sunday-schQol workers, which has completed three years of successful work.

The Church Federation is also doing a notable work in connection with the Juvenile Court. A paid worker gives his time to this work and seeks to cooperate with the court in behalf of the Protestant boys and girls who are brought there.

The federation is seeking to act as arbitrator in the location of new churches in the city. Two years ago the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., made overtures to the other denominations in the federation that the churches locate no new enterprises or relocate any old enterprise without the ratification of a council representing the denominations in the federation. Eight denominations have agreed to this proposition.

In many other ways the Church Federation of St. Louis is justifying its existence.

THE WAR AGAINST INTOXICANTS T HE traffic in strong drink is on the defensive; liquor dealers face defeat. The battle is not yet won, but there are encouraging reports from many lands. In New York an advertiser offers to introduce beer "incognito" into the home. Some patrons are ashamed of their purchase. At a Sioux Indian conference in Mitchell, South Dakota, seven hundred Red Men recently passed resolutions against "fire-water" and demanded prohibition. The State and national prohibition movement in North America is growing rapidly and many brewers and distillers are seeking to dispose of their properties before it is too late. In Washington an earnest effort is being made to pass laws against the exportation of intoxicants to undeveloped races. The need for such a law is acknowledged. Only commercial interests stand in the way of the legislation. Porto Rico, Africa, and the Pacific Islands are being destroyed by rum, but friends in America and England are endeavoring to make the exportation il1egal.

In Peru, a remarkable man, Dr. Jose Pardo, who has recently been elected to the Presidency of the Republic, is an able opponent of King Alcohol. In his recent message to Congress he said:

"It is time the government should intervene in this industry in view of the great damage which the traffic in brandy occasions among the native population of the Sierra."

In France, the women have made the following powerful appeal to Parliament: "No more half-measures, no more compromises I Drink's ravages continue. We expect you to deliver the country from d'rink by the abolition of the distilling privilege and by the suppression of the use of alcohol as a beverage. Save the French race I Deliver France from drink I' , Simultaneously appears an appeal to French women from the "French Society for Action Against Alcoholism," of which the president is M. Raymond Poincare, president of the French republic. This appeal is in the form of a poster written by M. Jean Finot, one of the leading editors of France, and was posted in every postoffice in the country. It is in part as follows: Drink is as much your enemy as Germany, Since 1870 it bas cost France in men and money much more than the present war. Drink tickles the palate; but it is a real poison that destroys your constitution, The cordials of your parents reappear in their offspring as great hereditary evils. Drink decreases by two-thirds our national production; it raises the cost of living and increases poverty. Mothers, young men, young girls, wives! Up and act against drink in memory of those who have gloriously died or suffered wounds for the fatherland! You will thus accomplish a mission as grand as that of our heroic soldiers.

In Russia the temporary injunction against the sale of vodka seems about to be made permanent by a law which has already passed the lower house of the Duma. The proposed law contains an element of local options, but the government gives up the degrading traffic.

When will America and Great Britain make illegal this business which destroys men's bodies and souls?

Editorial Comment WHY STUDY LATIN AMERICA-AND HOW?

N ORTH AMERICAN Christians are gradually awakening to the fact that they are densely ignorant of the countries and peoples of Latin-America, and are beginning to realize that these neighbors are worth knowing. This ignorance and the intensely interesting facts concerning South America were clearly brought out in the correspondence and investigation conducted in preparation for the recent Latin-American Congress.

It is to be hoped that the result of revealing this ignorance and the rich field for study will be to bring Christians into a fuller

1916J EDITORIAL COMMENT

realization of their responsibilities for helping to solve South Ameri- ca's moral and spiritual problems.

The first requisite is knowledge. It would be interesting to hold an examination of the members of any church of average intelligence in Great Britain or North America to discover their knowledge of even the main facts concerning these southern republics. What would be the answers to such questions as: Locate Bahia, Cuzco, Surinam, Oaxaca, Lapaz. Bound Bolivia. Compare the size of Brazil with the United States of America or with Spain. What is the climate of Lima and of Buenos Aires? What language is spoken in Chile ¥ What kind of an educational system have they in Uruguay¥ To what country does Patagonia belong? How long has Brazil been independent? Compare the number of Indians in North and South America. How long since the last revolutions in Chile and in Argentina ¥ Such an examination, touching only on geography and history, would probably reveal appalling ignorance. There would be still less accurate knowledge concerning the marriage and divorce laws, the literacy, the religion of the Indians, the extent of unevangelized territory, the standing of the Roman Catholic Church, the beliefs and. spiritual state of the educated classes and the real character, strength and result of evangelical work in Latin-America.

A second cause of the prevailing indifference to missions in Latin- America has been that missions to these republics seem to many to be an impertinence. They find it difficult to conceive of great material wealth and civilization, such as are evident in the capitals of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, as coincident with real spiritual poverty. Some have thought also that since the Roman Catholic Church has been dominant in Latin-America for four hundred years, and has so much of Christian truth and has accomplished so many good things, therefore this church meets the need and there is no call for outside religious interference or help. Christians who really know the facts are convinced of the great need for such work as that carried on by the evangelical missions.

There are other causes for lack of knowledge of Latin-America, but it is hoped that the excellent courses of study and reading provided by the Missionary Education Movement and the Woman's Home Mission Study Circle books, and the reports of the Latin-American Congress, will dispel this darkness and bring information and enthusiasm to many misinformed but earnest Christians. We call attention to the article by Mr. Hicks in this number, entitled "Light on Latin-America," in which he describes the excellent books that have been prepared for different ages. Several of these volumes are intensely interesting and take away every vestige of excuse for a continuance in past ignorance. The reports of the commissioners of the Congress will be found particularly rich and stimUlating. For detailed description and prices see the advertising pages.

HATRED AND LOVE T HE European conflict has opened the flood-gates both of hatred and of love. Can anyone doubt which must ulti- mately conquer? Early in the war songs of hate burst out in uncontrolled fury as the nations locked in a death grapple. Unspeakable deeds of murderous anger have been perpetrated and the seeds of hatred have brought forth a plenteous offspring. But in the midst of it all the spirit of Christ has been struggling for expression in the relief of suffering, in the spiritual ministries to soldiers on the battlefield, in hospitals and in prison camps. The campaign for the relief of Syria and Armenia, of Persia and Belgium and Poland goes on without cessation. Sunday, October 22d, was set aside by President Wilson as a special day of intercession and offerings for Armenian and Syrian relief.

Another encouraging sign is the occasional word, from Germany, or France or Britain, denying the appeal to baser passions and preparing the way for the return to brotherhood after the war. Such a word has recently been spoken by Viscount Bryce, one of Great Britain's greatest men. At a recent meeting in Birmingham (October 3d) he urged the churches to do their part in helping form public opinion in regard to the terms of peace and the treatment of their enemies. He counseled Englishmen to repress the spirit of hatred and not to talk of banning a whole people for all time to come. "To indulge in revenge would be to sow the seeds of future wars. Nations could not hate one another forever. The victors should not seek to impose on the foe any terms dictated by the spirit of hatred."

Lord Bryce urged his fellow countrymen to consult reason rather than passion.

What would be the consequences if the leaders in Great Britain and Germany should indeed be wholly controlled by the spirit of Christ, who said to His disciples: "Love your enemies; do good to them that despitefully use you"? It would not result in a policy of weakness, but in the conquering spirit of love.

CALLS TO PRAYER FOR 1917 W E do not hear as much to-day, as in the early stages of the war, concerning the increased spirit of prayer and spiritual interest in the countries engaged in the con- flict. The hope that a return to God would bring speedy victory to the cause of the petitioners has not been fully realized, and as the spirit of prayer has waned the fact becomes clear that too much of the apparent religious awakening was not founded on abiding faith in God and submission to His will. Men were asking to have their own wishes fulfilled rather than that God's way might prevail.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

There have been, however, many deep spiritual movements among the troops, in prison camps and among the watchers and waiters at home. The distribution of gospels and the personal work has been fruitful-how much so, only eternity will reveal.

Never was there more need for united and universal prayer on the part of all Christians, and it is fitting that the last day of the present year and the first days of the new year (December 31st to January 6th) should be set aside for that purpose. New Year's day is assigned to thanksgiving and humiliation. What great need there is to remember the temptations and dangers of the year to come! What need for prayer in America for deliverence from cowardice and covetousness and self-satisfaction! What causes for thanksgiving for the spirit and opportunity to help the afflicted peoples of Europe and Asia.

The World's Evangelical Alliance has sent out an urgent call to Christians in every land to observe this week of prayer, bridging the old year and the new. 1'he call says: "There are special reasons for thanksgiving as we enter upon this year. While God's judgments have been in the earth, many have been learning righteousness. These are testing times for each man and for each man's work. We have witnessed the hopeless failure of all systems and philosophies built up on other foundations than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. He has not failed. The Spirit of' Christ is spreading over the earth. The Kingdom of God is coming. The walls of the city that hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God, are rising faster than Satan can cast them down."

The first days of the new year are devoted to prayer for "The Church Universal," for "Nations and their Rulers," for "Missions among the Heathen," for" Families and Schools" and for" Missions at the Home Base. "

Any satisfactory and fruitful observance of this week of prayer will require preparation-a study of the conditions at home and abroad, a knowledge of the principles of successful prayer, a selfexamination and confession of sin. The season of ,united prayer may prove the opening of the flood-gates of God's power, or it may prov.e to be only another opportunity lost.

Never in the world's history was there greater need for the Christians everywhere to take advantage of the divine privilege of prayer. The present problems are too great for man to solve. The relations of China, Japan and America, the mass movements in India; the awful condition of the Syrians, Persians, Poles and Armenians; the shadows cast by the war over Africans and other primitive peoples; the needs of Mexico and other Latin-American lands; the inconceivable sufferings in Europe; the dangers to moral and spiritual life in America-all these and other subjects demand study in the light of God's will.

INDEPF.N DENCE DAY HOLIDAY IN

A celebration of tbe anniversary of Mexican Independence (Sept ember 16, 1910) in front of the P resident's Palace

A Program of Peace for

BY REV. JOHN W. BUTLER, D.D., MEXICO CITY, MEXICO Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Chnrch Dr. Butler, a son of the founder of the Methodist Episcopal Mission in Mexico, has lived with and worked for the Mexicans for forty years. His view of the situation and of the forces that make for peace are therefore especially noteworthy.-EDIToR.

W HY not? God intended it, the Shepherds of Bethlehem chorused it. and the Prince of Peace included it in his Commission to the Seventy. It may seem to some that the past history of the country does not indicate any such program. However, the past does not necessarily control the future. Custom and tradition, in this case, may fail as indicators of what is to come.

In writing of Mexico one can never forget her long night of suffering. The poor Mexicans, victims of a superstition, were too weak to oppose the foreign foe which landed on their shores four hundred years ago. Due to that superstition, the many became the serfs of the few invaders, and through three centuries were the unwilling, though abject subjects of over-sea masters.

Then came the glorious struggle for liberty and independence. Five years are still lacking to complete a century of sovereign national existence, and during this century it has been one long story of revolution, civil strife and foreign war. In this period there were only about thirty years of peace and prosperity, from 1878 to 1910. The recent disturbances seem to many to be the worst of all Mexico's sorrows. And yet, this may be the final mortal struggle before her entrance upon the enjoyment of permanent peace.

We should not forget how other nations have come up through long tribulations to times of peace and modern civilization. England needed upward of four hundred years prior to the great Revolution of 1640 and 1688 before coming, as a nation, to the full enjoyment of inalienable civil and religious rights.

France records one struggle after another preparatory to the Revolution of 1789 when Liberty, Fraternity and Equality were assured, and then nearly a hundred years later she learned the supreme lesson of giving the nation's heart not to Napoleon, nor even to the President, but to the people. It was after this achievement that the French Republic has developed an unparalleled strength in the past forty years of peace and prosperity.

The American RepUblic was conceived and really born across the sea. When launched on the shores of the new continent it was already a robust youth. Yet it took the Revolution of '76

ANO'l'TIJiJR REASON WHY MEXICO NEEDS A NNW PROGRAM rovcrty and Ignorance–Beggars at Ctltoric(~ and the bloody civil war to produce the united and vigorous nation of the present day.

We need a little more charity and patience with Mexico. Looking thoughtfully at her many struggles, some of which were imposed from the outside, we can see how after each great effort the nation took a step forward. The throwing off of a foreign yoke, the breaking of an ecclesiastical one, the, endurance of entailed land abuses of colonial times, the thraldom of ignorance and superstition, the merciless severity of the rich and other privileged classes, and further abuses have caused the sacrifice of thousands of lives and the shedding of rivers of blood-and yet after every struggle the nation has moved forward and the peopJe have moved upward. Such advances may not appear to have been great, yet advance there was. All this is very marked in the last five years' commotion. No one more than the leaders of the present dominant influence in Mexico, for instance, recognize not only the need of effective suffrage, of land rights for the masses, but over and above these and to make reasonable and

A PROGRAM OF PEACE FOR MEXICO

truly successful all these things, there must be a liberal education for the rising generation.

So we see in such states as Yucatan, Guanajuato, Tlaxcala, and Michoacan, practical plans in- augurated with tremendous activ- ity. Already over two thousand new schools have been opened since the triumph of the Oonstitu- tional cause! This is equivalent, in two short years, to one school fqr every pupil reported by the Spanish Viceroy after two centu- ries of Spanish domination. It is the most hopeful sign of the times and the first shining number in the new program for Mexico.

If the feeble efforts of recent years reduced illiteracy from 95 per cent. to 80 per cent., what may we expect from the present energetic and well-directed cam- paign in the hands of such men as Palavichini, Osuna, Herrera WHY MEX I CO -'EEDS A KEW PROGRAM and other equally broad-ml'nded and live-wire men ? One phase of their religion. Dancers before the Shrine of Guadaloupe, n ear Mexico City Moreover, the leaders, who without loss of time are making good along this line, are more or less committed to all the neces- sary reforms which have for their end the uplifting of the masses and the building of the nation on more rational and permanent foundations. They will not be slow to profit by the mistakes of the past.

LESSONS FROM THE PAST The second number in the Program of Peace for Mexico is the possibility, if not the probabilit.y, that the Historic Ohurch will at last come to learn wisdom from the past. It is difficult for Americans to understand the real condition and spirit of the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico. In order to do so one must bear in mind the hasty, not to say superficial work carried on at the time of the Conquest. The masses were never Christianized, and of the fifteen million people in Mexico to-day probably not 20 per cent. of them could give any intelligent definition of Christianity. Among the early friars were a few real missionaries who did as good work as the Roman Catholic Ohurch has ever done in any land. Las Casas, Gante, and others like them, loved the Indian and labored with the spirit of sacrifice and devotion rarely seen, and never excelled by missionaries of any age.

But after these came hundreds of men who seem to .have been more mercenary than spiritual, more anxious for numbers than for the character of the work done. Hence ignorance, superstition and idolatry have come down through the centuries as part and parcel of the historic Mexican Church. Roman Catholic authors are eloquent confessors of this sad condition of things which has led to the lamentable fact that the Church, doniinant for four hundred years, has kept from the people the Bible, liberal education and a true knowledge of the living Christ.

In addition to all this is the spirit of intolerance and narrowness among the leaders of the dominant Church. There are POLITICAl, EXCITEMENT IN MEXICO A street 'scene in Mexico City on the occasion of the resignation of President Diaz, May 30, 1911 also the clerical abuses, especially through the confessional, such as are not known outside of Latin ·countries. This is not the opinion of Protestants alone. In the New York Times of August 27th a Roman Catholic writer says: "I have enjoyed the excellent accounts that you have given of the Catholic Convention. I was delighted to see that they were considering the important subject of religion and morals. In the sphere of morals the Holy Church should be the leader. This should be supremely true of Catholic countries. The Catholic Church should be able to hold them up as object lessons of what she can do for morals. I have in mind especially Latin-America. ' There is need in these countries for the leadership of the Catholic Church. in morals.. I aI!l a good

Catholic, but like many other American Catholics, when I am in Peru or Brazil I am ashamed to call myself a Oatholic. The immorality and the superstition that are mixed up with the re- ligion of the Holy Church are shocking and startling to an Ameri- can. I would suggest to the Convention that a Commission of five priests be appointed to visit Latin-America, going as five American laymen, and report what the Church can do for these countries in the domain of morals."

Unfortunately, these abuses in Mexico have led recently to seeming severity on the part of revolutionary leaders. Archbish- ops, bishops and other higher clergy, self-exiled from that Repub- lic, are found in considerable numbers in San Antonio, Texas and other cities of the Southern States, from which they send out literature to air their grievances and to create sympathy among their co-religionists of the United States. Fortunately, their sOc journ in the northern Republic has been pro- tracted. I n their time for reflection will they be wise enough to see some of the mistakes of their Church? If they are led to accept; even though they do not like, present conditions in their na~ tive country, the hour of their salvation is at hand.

The y still control more than 90 per cent. of the people in Mexico. Let them make an honest effort to give something beyond the Ripaldi Cate- chism to the rising generation, and their future membership will be worth to them and the coun- ONE OF THE NEW FORCES FOR PEACE IN MEXICO The Margaret Whittaker McMutrie Memorial Presbyterian Church, Coyoacan

try ten times what it is to-day. Let them give the Holy Scriptures to the people and they will cooperate as none others can in the diffusion of such principles of democracy as will exalt a nation. Let them enthrone the living Ohrist in the hearts of the masses as fully as they have installed the idolatrous myth of Guadalupe, and they will help to produce such a revitalized Ohristianity as will delight the very heart of God. These evidences of regeneration would give back to the church the confidence of the leaders of the present day and would make for a permanent Program of Peace.

But the most important number of the Program of Peace is the extension of evangelical Ohristianity. The evangelical Ohristians stand here, as everywhere, for the open Bible, the education ANOTHER FORCE FOR PERMANENT PEACE 'rile I<'aculty and Students of tile Presbyterian College and Theological Seminary, Coyoacan,- before tile revolution (1906) of the masses and the incarnation of the living Christ in the hearts and lives of men and women. Such Christianity is the one great need of Mexico to-day, and its extension now would mean immensely more than at any time in the future.

The initial years of Protestantism in Mexico have given the cause a commanding influence, so that Constitutionalist leaders in many ways are urging the extension of missionary operations. Pending plans of federation and unification of all Protestant missionary agencies will immensely facilitate the work and make this number on the program a power in the uplift of Mexico.

MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES The American Government can not be a silent onlooker. The two countries are so related that they need each other and can be mutu-

1916J A PROGRAM OF PEACE FOR. MEXICO

ally helpful in many ways. Intervention is the last thing to be advocated. The honest big brother is what is needed. The landing of troops ill Vera Cruz in 19141 and the sending of the punitive expedition into Chihuahua, justifiable or otherwise, only aroused suspicion, and made many enemies for Americans south of the Hio Grande.

Our expectation is that the Joint Commission now in session in New London, made up as it is of able men of both nations, will bring about a better understanding, restore confidence and open the way for the American people to be truly helpful in the development of the Program of Peace. The Mexican people themselves realize this. At a mass meeting held in Buffalo nearly a year ago, a missionary A PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM FOR MEXICO A classroom s(,pne in the missionary " Coh~gio Morclos," Aguascaliclltes from Mexico spoke for over an houi' to this effect. The audience of over three thousand was most sympathetic, and when the speaker had concluded, a young Mexican who chanced to be present, rushed uninvited to the front of the platform and said: "I am a Mexican and was born in the Roman Catholic Church, but I would not be true to my convictions and this hour if I failed to make public my convictions. What we want you American people to send to Mexico is not cannon and soldiers, but missionaries like this one who has just addressed us; then before long we ~ill have a happy and prosperous people."

Mexico's rehabilitation will surprise the world. Her God-given resources are limitless. With the advent of peace and the coming togetlier of the various factions to work unitedly for the fatherland, these resources will speedily become available, and abundant fruits of peace and prosperity will give us such happy neighbors on our south as will lead every true American, and especially every true Christian, to rejoice with them in their acceptance of God's program of peace for Mexico.

and the" U tterlTIOst Parts" *

BY MR. S. D. GORDON, NEW YORK The author of "Quiet Talks."

T HIS world is God's prodigal son. Very naturally the heart of God is broken over His prodigal. He has been gone so long. And the home circle of God is broken. The hearth-fire of God is lonely. There is always the vacant seat when they gather around the family board in the Father's house. He has given the wealth of His love to a plan for winning the world back. That plan called for His only Begotten, and He spared not His only Begotten. That plan called for the life of His only Begotten. And His only Begotten spared not his life.

But Jesus' dying is not enough. It is the tremendous beginning, but it is not the ending. Understand me here. Jesus was very man of very man, and very God of very God. He was born of a virgin, in a way unknown before and unrepeated afterward. He died as our substitute Savior. Only through his blood can anyone be saved. And he emptied the tomb where they laid Him. But Jesus' dying is not enough. Men must be told that He died, that so they may choose. For the one thing with which God the Father is concerned is a man's choice. Everywhere, always, this now is the thing that concerns Him regarding men.

Our living is to be like Jesus' dying. And the Father's plan for the world will never reach to its fulfilment till we live as Jesus died. He died for a world. We are to live for a world. It took the very life of His life to die for a world. It is meant to take the life of our lives that we live for a world.

It meant everything to Jesus that He died for a world. It ought to mean everything to us that we live for a world, in Jesus' Name. It meant everything to the world that Jesus died for it. It ought to mean everything to the world that we live for it. And a man is living distinctly below par, whoever he be, who is living on a lower level than this, that he lives as Jesus died.

In order that we may help in winning the old world back to God, we have been given five' things: our life, what we are; our lips, what we say or sing; our service, what we do; our gold, what we do not keep, selfishly, for ourselves; and, lastly, prayer, what we claim in the name of Jesus the Victor. The greatest of these is prayer, God's power going out through prayer.

The power of a life touches one spot. The power through the lips depends on the life back of the lips. The power through service is always less than the power of the life. The power of money depends upon the motive back of the money. The old Church is in no need of were money to-day; not a particle. But she has need of money * An address delivered at the Washington Laymen's Congress of Missions. with the red tinge of sacrifice on it. But the power through prayel' is as tremendous as the power of life, and it may touch, not one spot like a life, but anywhere in the round world where we choose to turn its power.

THE GREATEST THING THAT ANYBODY CAN DO The greatest thing 3:nybody can do is to pray. It is not the only thing, but it is the chief thing. The greatest people are those who pray, those who put prayer first, who make prayer the pivot, and adjust the whole of life around that prayer pivot.

But prayer is a variable term. The word stands for so many different things. Prayer is not saying religious words with your eyes shut and a terminal amen attached. Prayer is a life. It is an act, a habit, a mental attitude, a life, and, given these things, the man becomes the prayer.

The prayer takes on the quality of the life (hat the man lives. Every man has the choice of living anyone of three lives. He may live a bad life, outwardly sinful, or selfishly cultured. He may live a normal Christian life; or he may live an emergency Christian life.

By the normal Christian life I mean that he may live as if the world were in a normal condition. Perhaps he has money; he has a luxurious home; he likes certain rare books; he is fond of music and works of art, and surrounds himself luxuriously in his home with these things. He is a consecrated man; he believes in prayer; he is a real Christian. Christ is his Master, but his life is led as a Christian life in a normal world. He gives, and gives freely. But he surrounds himself with luxuries, which are very enjoyable, which most of us would enjoy very much, I think of that as a normal Christian life. Such men are good and do good.

Then there is the third life, the emergency Christian life. The man may be controlled in his life by the fact that the world is in an emergency. Abnormal actions to meet abnormal conditions excuse many things we sometimes criticize. Jesus found an abnormal world, made so by sin, and so ,Jesus lived the emergency life. The cross was an emergency transaction. I plead for no extremism, but for men who are swept and swayed by the Holy Spirit, and who live the emergency life, as the Spirit guides.

I say a man's prayer takes on the quality of his life-a deep life, deep power in prayer; a shallow life, shallow prayer; a broad life, a broad power in prayer; a selfish life, yes, a selfish Christian life! (how men's lives compel you to tie together words that contradict each other!) a selfish Christian life gives the quality of selfishness to the prayer. The prayer takes on the quality of a man's life.

Prayet opens the planet to a man's activity. This is not a perfunctory statement; it is a fact. A man in New York may control the touch of an electric button, and a thousand pounds or a million dollars in London or Berlin or Petrograd changes control. Just as

really a man may touch a spirit-prayer-current button and change the control of lives in those same cities or elsewhere. The man touching the electric button has to have certain relationships with the banker, or his touch does not count. And a man must have certain relationships with the power in the prayer current and the power house up yonder; and then as truly as the money changes control by the touch in New York so the lives are changed yonder by the touch here through the spirit current of prayer.

'.rHE OUTWARD AND THE INWARD ,]he true Christian life has two sides, the outward side and the inner side; the outer narrow side, the inner broader side. The outer side is concerned with the common round of a man's life in its outer circumstances and surroundings. _It is a narrow circle, even where it is broadest. The inner side is concerned with the spirit of a man's life. Look at a man who has got the Master's touch of prayer. He leads faithfully the commonplace round of his outer narrow life; and then under the touch of God's Spirit, he goes alone with God into the inner, broader place. In every prayer room there is a spirit switchboard, as in every electrical power house there is the electrical switchboard. Here the man can go and loosen out the current that changes things around the world.

No, this is not just talking. This is I!ot rhetoric. This is tremendously, intensely so. And may the intensity of it grip all our hearts and sway all our lives anew. As a man goes into the inner, hidden-away, broader side of his life, and begins to pray, he loosens out the spirit current of power. He prays for his family circle, his church, his partners in business, his own pastor, his own neighbors, his own club members, perhaps his own city, we will trust, his own state, we will hope, his own nation, as the Spirit guides. And thenlisten I-hush your heart I-notice what a man can do; for it is tremendous. For instance, on Sunday, he may turn this key on the switchboard, and the current of power is loosened out, and he can touch the whole of Turkey, Arabia, Syria, and the other countries hanging on the eastern- fringe of the Mediterranean, that is, the Middle-of-the-earth Sea. He comes out again to his outer round; goes in again, perhaps on Monday, and turns the current in on India j on Tuesday he turns it in on China; Wednesday on Japan and the Island World of the Pacific; Thursday pushing across the Pacific waters, he turns it in on the Americas; on Friday across the Atlantic waters to Africa; on Saturday he turns up across the Mediterranean into old Europe, from which we all largely come.

He can do it. And-hush your heart!-things change. Things change while he is to~ching the current. He does not know it. A.b, yes, he does, by the knowing of faith. The man in the New York brokerage office orders the sending of a cablegram, and money

1916J PRAY AND THE "UTTERMOST PARTS"

changes control in London, Paris, Shanghai, Calcutta, wherever he wills. The money control is changed. He does not know it. You can't hear across the ocean directly, yet. He can't see. But he knows in his heart that the money is changed, that his control is sure through his bankers.

"PRAYER CHANGES THINGS"

Just as really, things are changed around the world when a man loosens out that spirit current of prayer. There is a missionary in China. It is his first year. He is still pegging away with the language. It's hard work. Will he ever get iU He is a bit tired, a bit nervous, not yet acclimated. He has none of the inspiration of service yet. He says to himself, "Did I make a mistake in coming out here~ I might have been useful back home and . . . " And, even as he is talking, something like a bit of fresh air blows in upon his spirit, he digs his heels in, and braces up afresh with new courage and says to himself: "Ah, the Master did send me, and He will help me in getting the language." And all because some fellow out in Jersey or in Indiana, perhaps a shipping clerk hammering in the nails, prayed for him. The fellow hammering the nails here did not know, and the fellow out there did not know, but the man here touched the prayer button and things out there were changed by it.

Or, there is a fellow in India who has been a Christian only six months. The ground gets pretty slippery under his feet one day, and a whole heredity is pulling him back to the old evil standard. He is nearly gone. But he stops and says, "I must not do this; I must be true to this ,resus.' , And he digs his heels in, and locks his jaw, and says, "No" to the temptation, and goes along without slipping. Why~ Because some one over here was praying.

Ah! God's best friend in the old world to-day is the man who will put his heart in full touch with ,resus and out of touch with the com- promise atmosphere of the earth, and put prayer in the pivot place in his life.

Let me use the electrical figure again. I have been talking about the current. He who "insulates" himself, heart and life, from the compromise spirit round about him, and puts himself in full touch with the Lord Jesus ~yonder in the place of power, and who as the Spirit guides, goes his faithful round, doing the simple commonplace task, but every day wears down a bit flatter the doorsill into the prayer corner and uses the spir-it switchboard, he changes things round the world.

Jesus was a big man, a world man. And the Jesus-man is a worldman in size. Jesus died for a world. He asks us to live for it. And we live for it best as we make prayer the pivot, and let everything else grow out of the prayer life, and circle round about the prayer pivot.

One afternoon, just outside of London, a lady spoke to my wife and said: "I was reading in a pook that said' prayer changes things.' I believe that, of course, but I wondered if it were so." She is like some of her neighbors in America. Then she went on to say that she had a brother in Oalcutta, a fourth or a third the way around the world, who was not a Ohristian. She had prayed for him, and she had spoken to him, but he had rebuffed her until she had lost heart, which meant she had practically lost faith, which meant she had lost the power out of her prayer. And now she was set to thinking about it again. She asked herself, "If I pray in London will something happen in Oalcutta 1 This book that I have been reading says it will."

Now there was a fresh touch with the Master. Her heart began burning anew under that touch. She began anew to pray, to pray for this brother, to. pray that something would happen in Oalcutta while she was praying in London. And in the course of her family correspondence she put a question in the letter to her brother, not directly asking what she wanted to know, but a question. She asked, "Has anything unusual happened to you lately'" The letter went, and in due course an answer came back, taking weeks in transit. His letter spoke of the usual family matters, and then he said, "You ask if anything unusual has happened to me lately. Yes, something has happened. Last (naming the time) I began thinking about God. I remembered what mother had taught us, and I knew my life was not right, :and my heart was not pure, and I tried to push the whole thing aside. But it wouldn't push, and I slipped into my room one day, and I knelt there and took our mother's Savior as my Savior; and so this has happened, I have become a Christian."

"I wonder if you can feel as my words can not say, the almost feverish eagerness," this lady went on, "with which I thought back to the time when I prayed, and my feelings when, after a moment's thought, I knew that the time of which he spoke was the time when my new prayer began." She touched the prayer button, and a man -and the hardest thing to change is not money, it is a man, the hardest thing to bend is a human will- a man's will was bent; he was changed in Calcutta because she went to the switchboard of prayer in London.

Shall we pray' Shall we put prayer firsH Shall we make this our pivot~ Jesus has never failed us. Jesus never fails a man. God did not fail us. God never fails us. May we not fail Him, in putting prayer things first, for Jesus' sake, for a world's sake, in Jesus' great Name.

apanese

In response to the Editor's request, Han. T. Tanaka, the Japanese Charge d' Affaires at Washington has sent us the following statement as to the influence of Christianity on the Japanese, their ideals and customs.

–EDITOR.

CHRISTIANITY has more than anything else diffused among our people the notion of international brother- hood. Secluded as we were from the outer world for more than two centuries, we had very little conception of what the rest of the human beings were doing in the meanwhile. At least the mass of people thought that we were the only civilized nation existent on the globe. Commodore Perry's expedition and many other events brought about the opening of the country, and the denizens of the island empire became more and more alive to their real international position. The scales were falling from their eyes and their points of view were gradually being broadened. However, nobody could deny the tender influences of Christianity which is giving the final touch to their catholicity of mind.

It would be amiss if I failed to mention the enormous benefit Christianity is contributing to Japan in the line of women's education and philanthropic works, which would never have attained their present magnitude and development but for the guiding hand of foreign missionaries.

I believe that in Japan freedom of conscience obtains more than In any other country; but religions will become the integral part of a nation only when they are thoroughly acclimatized. I hope and believe that in the fulness of time a real Japanese Christianity will evolve and be a beacon light in the path of the Japanese people in the progress of civilization.

THE TESTIMONY OF COUNT OKUMA Count Okuma, the recent Prime Minister of Japan, publicly made the following statement regarding the past and the future of Christianity in Japan. This is especially striking in view of the fact that half a century ago death was the penalty to those who became Christians.

A LTHOUGH Christianity has enrolled less than two hun- dred thousand believers, yet the indirect influence of Christianity has poured into every realm of Japanese life. -It has been borne to us on all the currents of European civilization; most of all, the English language and literature, so surcharged with Christian ideas, have exerted a wide and deep influence over Japanese thought.

Concerning the future it is my own conviction that no practical solution of many pressing problems is in sight apart from Christianity.

'l'HJj) LA'l'E AR'l'HUR

l!'ormerly President of the Allahabad ChrIstian College. (Now the Arthur Ewing Christian College)

Influence of a Life in

A GLIMPSE INTO THE LIFE OF THE LATE ARTHUR H. EWING * BY PROF. MOHAMMED ISMAIL Professor of Arabic and Persian. Ewing Ohristian Oollege, Allahabad, India.

For twenty-one years (1890-1912), A.rthur H. Ewing, a brilliant scholar, labored in India and became known and loved for his Christlike character. He died September 13, 1913. .This testimony of one of the Indian Christian converts from 181am is inspiring.

I "vAS brought up a Moslem, but from 1890 to 1893 I was a secret believer. In January I confessed the Lord Jesus Ohrist openly, and consequently was driven out of home and deprived of every~ thing that would have been mine had I not taken the step. But that was not all-I had to run for my life from place to place. In Lahore, I was ill-treated and robbed of the little money I had by a Ohristian. That wolf dressed in sheep's clothing was caught, and I got back my money; but it was a great shock to me spiritually, and I began to doubt whether Ohrist would deliver me from the power of sin. In March, 1894, I went to Ludhiana, where I was a perfect stranger and knew nobody. I was a youth of eighteen and had studied only up to the middle class; but in religious literature I was a little ahead of my age, and knew Arabic and Persian well enough to be a teacher in some school. In my first interview with Dr. Arthur H. Ewing, he made a great impression upon me, and I felt drawn to him. He made me a pupil-teacher, and I settled down in his school. Within a few weeks he won my love and respect, and I began to feel myself brought in direct contact with a truly Ohristian life.

One of my classmates was known as the bully of the school. He was a terror to the little boys, and the teachers were tired of him, and his character was so unsatisfactory that there was hardly a day on which nothing was brought against him. He did something very hideous, and it was thought best, for the good of other boys, to expel him from the school. All the boys and the teacher assembled in the prayer hall, delighted to see him punished and sent away from our school; but there was one face that looked quite sad and still loving. It was the face of the truly sympathetic teacher and friend of all who were entrusted to him. He knew that the unfortunate young man belonged to a very poor family; had thrown away his chances, as far as his education was concerned, and, now, with a black mark against him, was going out into the world where he would be surrounded by greater temptations. These thoughts weighed so heavily upon his tender heart that when, at the end, he got up to offer a prayer for the expelled young man, he was choked and could not utter a single word. He made a sign to the headmaster who prayed. I saw tears • A contribution to the proposed biography of Dr. Ewing.

rolling down Dr. Ewing's cheeks. It was the first time that I saw the great man, full of vibrating vitality. broken and overpowered with grief. I can not describe the effect it had on me; but I would like to tell that it melted the heart of the young man who was expelled from the school. He repented of his sins, became entirely a new man, and now is a preacher of the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Once, in the rainy season, a low field, near the school, was flooded and the owner, who was physically weak, asked his neighbors and relatives to help him; nobody came to his help. The man came actually crying to Dr. Ewing and told his story. Within a few minutes Dr. Ewing was seen with a spade on his shoulders, sleeves and trousers rolled up, and wading through knee-deep water, going to help the poor man. Many of the boys followed him. For about two hours he worked with the spade. The boys helped him, and the field of corn was saved.

My stay at the school, for two years, was most delightful. I passed my entrance examination and got a scholarship; but the prospect of going to college could not help me to make up my mind to go away from the dearest teacher and friend as Dr. Ewing had become. But, in obedience to his advice, I went to Lahore and entered the Forman Christian College, but constantly dreamed of Ludhiana, and longed to get back. His letters comforted me a great deal, and occasionally some business took him to Lahore; and whenever I was able I made a trip to Ludhiana and enjoyed a visit with him, and satisfied my soul by looking at the dear face which has left a permanent impression upon my heart.

One of my friends promised to bear my expenses at college, and I gave my scholarship to another poor student; but after about six months, that friend was compelled to discontinue. I did not know what to do. I had no money to pay for my board, so I told the messmanager not to have anything cooked for me. For two days I went without any food. On the third day I was unable to move about and had to confine myself to my room. Meanwhile, some business brought Dr. Ewing to Lahore, and he learned from his brother, Principal J. C. R. Ewing, that I was absent from the college. He came to my room to see me, and as soon as he looked at me, he was able to dis- cover that there was something wrong with me. r could not refuse to tell him what it was, and when I told, he said: "Ah! foolish boy, why didn't you send me word at once? r really feel hurt. You did not believe that I was your friend and would help you. Whenever you are in a tight place always let me know." r can not tell what he did, for he told me not to tell anyone.

r was still at college when he went back to America, on furlough, and by the time he came to India to found a college at Allahabad, I had left Lahore and was working under Dr. E. M. Wherry, in Ludhiana, in connection with the Christian Literature Society, but as

THE INFLUENCE OF A LIFE IN INDIA

soon as the college at Allahabad was started I told Dr. Wherry of my intention to go to Allahabad. He thought, perhaps, some higher salary was tempting me, and said: "If you are going for the sake of money I won't let you go." But I told him that it was not the money, but the man. So eventually, with Dr. Wherry's permission, I wrote to Dr. Ewing. He answered and said: "If Dr. Wherry has no objection, then come and see the place, and, in case you should finally decide to come, we will plan accordingly." In the last week of February, 1904, I came and found him marking the ground for the new high school building and carrying about bricks with his own hands. I spent a few days with him, then went back to Ludhiana, and on the 8th of July came back to Allahabad and joined the staff of the new college on half the salary I was drawing at Ludhiana.

From July, 1904, to September, 1912, I had the good fortune of working with him and knowing things of him which are of very great value to me and to many other members of the college. Apart from his private life, which is too sacred to be described by a worthless man as I am, he was a pillar of light to those who came in contact with him and saw him perform the varied duties of every day.

As the principal of the college, he knew every individual student by name. In his time, the number of college students went up to 350 (with 800 in the high-school), and it seemed that he had the picture of everyone of them in his brain, together with the name.

In the staff meetings, whenever a student was discussed, he never had to ask the question, "Who is this fellow1" or "What does he look like 1" The secret of this was that he was a personal friend of every student, and helped his memory- by constantly associating with the students. He took part in their games, invited them to his house, in groups, almost every week, while Mrs. Ewing entertained them with tea and many different kinds of cake, and also tried to teach them etiquette-especially how to behave in the presence of ladies. She still remembers many of them and, as I know for certain, all of them have a very high regard for her.

Dr. Ewing knew the circumstances of almost every student and for those who needed help he was. always able to find some means to help them. In matters of discipline he was very strict; but nobody ever thought he was unkind. On the contrary, love and good will were manifest in all his dealings, and those who were disciplined always felt confident that Dr. Ewing did every thing for their good, though they could not see and understand it clearly at the time.

In cases of illness he did all in his power and risked his life. Once two students got cholera. They were at once segregated and Dr. Ewing himself ministered unto them, from the beginning to the end, while some people looked at them from a safe distance and some he himself told not to come near, fearing they might take infection to their families. His love and service were not limited and confined

to students and professors and their families, but he went about doing good to the outside world as well. Once a leper, being tired of his miserable life, threw himself into a well and it was Dr. Ewing who touched the untouchable and pulled the dead body out.

At a considerable distance from the mission compound a woman died of plague, in an upper room, and none of the neighbors came forward to help the husband take her body down. He came to the mission and learned from the church-bearer (the janitor) that if he went to Dr. Ewing he would receive all the help he required. He came to Dr. Ewing and told his sad story. Was he disappointed 7 No, Dr. Ewing went at once with him to his house. The stairway was so narrow that the dead body could not be brought down that way, but there was a large window. So Dr. Ewing tied the dead woman to the bed, lifted the bed on his own back, placed it in the window, and then let it down by means of a rope. After doing everything that was to be done, and making every necessary arrangement for the burial, the man of God returned home. There are many other similar and nobler deeds done by him, to which I have been an eye-witness; but I am afraid he would not like me to speak of them.

As a scholar and philosopher Dr. Ewing was undoubtedly one of the best; but he had no pretentions and never boasted of his literary attainments. He was so busy in doing things that he had no time to speak of them. I have never known another man as willing and able to see things from other people's points of view, as Dr. Ewing was. To everything he did, whether great or small, he devoted all his energy and attention, and tried to do everything to the best of his ability. Even in the little things, like games, he was never satisfied with anything less than putting in every ounce of his self.

He was, physically, very strong and, intellectually, wonderfully bright. He occupied many responsible positions at the same time, and every position he filled in such a way as if he had nothing else to do. The amount of work he did, and the things he accomplished in the course of twenty-one years, it is hardly conceivable that any man could do. But the real glory of the man was in his moral strength. He always took time for prayer in deciding things, consulted others, and did not despise the opinion of anyone; but when he had decided anything in the way he thought right, then it was easier to move a mountain than to change his decision. He made the best possible use of the powers God had given him; but above all things he depended on God for every thing; and this sense of dependence, coupled with his firm faith in God under all circumstances and his love for God and humanity, was the secret of his marvelous success in life.

:My heart is full of thankfulness to God for the blessing of the consecrated life of Dr. Ewing, which has proved a blessing to me and to many of my friends and relatives. :May He give me grace to follow the footprints of the beloved teacher who shall never be forgotten, and whom I hope to meet again beyond the river.

Religious Question In

A STATEMENT BY HON. LUIS CABRERA The following authoritative statement concerning the much-dJiscussed religious question in Mexico is by the head of the Mexican Commrission sitting with the representatives of the United States at Atlantic City. It would be difficult to name anyone more capable of clarifying this sub- ject than Licenciado Cabrera. After General Carranza and Secretary of War Obregon, he is probably the most influential citizen in Mexico. Edu- cated in his own country, in France, Spain and the United States, he is not only a lawyer and well-trained dJiplomat" but an author.ity on inter- national questions. He occupied for some time the position of Confi- dential Agent of t,he Constitutional Government in Washington, and was later appointed lIIinister of Finance.-EDITOR.

T HE question of the Church in Mexico has not been well under- stood in the United States, because the conditions of the Mexican Catholic Church differ vastly from those of the Catholic Church in the United States. . . . Before the war of the Reform (1856 to 1859), the Catholic Church was the strongest temporal power existing in Mexico, and the laws of the Reform enacted during that period all tended to deprive the Church of its power and bring about the absolute independence of Church and State.

The laws of the Reform are a collection of rules passed previous to 1860, with the aim of depriving the Catholic Church of its temporal power; and these rules have remained effective, because the conditions which then demanded their enactment still prevail and still make it necessary that the laws should remain in force.

The principal laws enacted previous to 1860, for governing the Church and stripping it of the temporal power which it enjoyed, are the following: (a) Separation of the Church and State. (b) Incapacity of the Church to possess landed property. (c) Abolition of convents. These laws of the Reform were established in Mexico after a revolution which may be considered the most bloody that Mexico has ever witnessed-a revolution which affected the country more deeply than even the present revolution is doing. The clergy defended themselves desperately against the laws which stripped them of power, and on finding themselves defeated, they resorted, in 1860, to the inter" vention of foreign Powers (Spain, France and England), which attempted to intervene on the pretext of the fulfilment of the financial obligations of the Juarez Government. The treason of the Clerical party had, as a result, French intervention only, out the laws of the Reform enacted against the clergy were of such importance and so necessary, that the Emperor Maxi-

milian himself did not dare to undo what had been done in the time of Juarez.

The French troops being withdrawn and the Constitutionalist Government of Mexico reestablished, the laws of the Reform were not only maintained, but in 1874 they were incorporated in the political Constitution.

It becomes necessary at this moment to distinguish between the real aims of the Constitutionalist Government regarding the religious question, and that part of the actual happenings which is merely a deplorable consequence of the attitude assumed by the Catholic clergy since 1910 against the revolutionary movement.

The aim of the Constitutionalist Government with regard to the Mexican Catholic Church, is to enforce the strict observance of the laws known as laws of the Reform, which up to the present time have been disregarded. '.rhe Constitutionalist Government demands the fulfilment of these laws, because they form an integral part of the Mexican Oonstitution. These laws must be maintained because the causes which demanded their enactment are still prevalent in the country.

A brief analysis of the principal laws of the Reform will further clear up the matter.

THE SEPARATION OF THE CHURCH AND STATE According to the Mexican Constitution, there must be absolute separation between the Church and State. This signifies that the Church is to lack all temporal power and that, as an organized institution, it is not to participate in the political affairs of the country.

It has never been intended to deny Mexican Catholics either the exercise of their religion, or their right to take part in the political affairs of Mexico. We Constitutionalists are Catholics; the Villistas are Catholics; the Zapatistas are Catholics. Ninety-nine per cent of the Mexican population is Oatholic, and, therefore, the Oonstitutionalist party could not in the present struggle attempt to deprive the Catholics, who form the totality of the Mexican people, of their right to profess their religion, or of their right to take part in political questious.

The Catholic clergy and the Church in general abstained for a long time from interference in the political problems of Mexico. During the time of General Diaz, the Catholic clergy made no attempt to organize themselves for political campaigns, but appeared to maintain themselves in strict obedience to the law, in the belief, perhaps, that they could avail themselves of other indirect proceedings for exercising their influence in the political affairs of the country.

On the retirement of General Diaz from the Government, and on Francisco de la Barra's accession to the Presidency, the Catholic clergy of Mexico believed the moment had arrived to organize themselves for the political struggle, and to that effect a political group

THE RELIGIOUS QUESTION IN MEXICO

was formed, under the patronage of the Catholic clergy, made up chiefly of big land-owners. This group took the name of "Catholic Party," with deliberate intention of taking advantage of the religious sentiments of the population to induce it to vote in conformity with their directions. The Catholic clergy started to make propaganda in favor of the Catholic party, first in a discreet manner, bringing moral pressure to bear upon the ignorant masses, who were unable to discern clearly where their duties as Catholics ceased, and where began their rights as citizens.

The Catholic party is, in a nutshell, the political organization of the Catholic Church in Mexico. This single fact constitutes a peril for democratic institutions, and was naturally bound to be looked upon with great disfavor by the anti-reelectionist party, first, and later by the Constitutionalist party.

At the time that de la Barra was President, the Catholic party attempted to rob the revolution of the fruits of its triumph, designating de la Barra as its candidate for the Presidency of the Republic. The considerable prestige which Madero enjoyed at that time frustrated this attempt of the Catholic party, which had to limit its pretensions to the Vice-Presidency of the Republic, resigning itself to have as President, Madero, a man sprung from the revolution; and as Vice-President, de la Barra, a man perfectly well known as belonging to the ancient regime and the principal leader of the Catholic party.

In the elections of October, 1911, the formula of .the progressive Constitutionalist party triumphed over the Madero-de 1a Barra formula, which was that of the party of the principal enemies of the Catholic government, but from that moment that of the enemies of the Government of Francisco 1. Madero.

In the elections for deputies and senators of 1912, the Catholic party succeeded in obtaining a considerable number of deputies, amounting to almost 30 per cent. of the Lower House; while the Senate, which was almost completely made up of Porfirista elements, was only renewed by half and scarcely obtained eight or ten senators as followers of the new regime.

The Catholic clergy of Mexico, directly and through the intervention of the Catholic Party, were among the principal factors in the downfall of Madero, and although perhaps Huerta was not the candidate designated to replace him, the fact is that the Clerical chief, de la Barra, formed part of the Cabinet which resolved upon the murder of Madero and Pino Suarez.

Subsequently, the party obtained important posts for its principalleaders in the Government of. Huerta, and finally supported the candidacy of Federico Gamboa.

It is unnecessary to enter into details regarding the decided assistance lent socially by the clergy, and the political support given

by the Catholic party, to Huerta, with both their men and money. But the principal assistance given by the Catholic clergy to the Government of Huerta was contained in the efforts made by their principal dignitaries and other members of the high clergy to create an opinion, if not favorable to Huerta, at least very unfavorable to Constitutionalists.

This end was accomplished, not through the individual means that any citizen is at liberty to place at the disposal of a political party, but by taking advantage of the religious influence exercised by the Catholic clergy over the faithful, from the pulpit and in the confessional.

During the war against Huerta, one of the things which most greatly surprised the Constitutionalists was the extremely hostile and unjust opinion encountered by them in each of the towns which they came to occupy. It was in the nature of a paradox.

The strongest armed resistance that the Constitutionalist party encountered in .the cities, in the form of social defense, was not an opposition caused by the sympathy which the residents of the cities might have experienced in favor of Huerta, but was originated in the antipathy which had been created against the Constitutionalist forces, whom the Catholic clergy on all occasions represented as bandits who were intent on seizing the towns solely for the purposes of plunder, theft, violation of women, and murder. This opinion had its source in sermons, in the confessionals, and in an extensive correspo:Qdence, proofs of which have been secured.

The work done by the clergy in creating an opinion antagonistic to the Constitutionalist troops explains, if it can not justify, many of the acts of aggression, and even attempts of Constitutionalist soldiers against members of the Catholic clergy.

Since the triumph of the revolution, there has been on the part of the Constitutionalist Government no other aim with regard to the clergy than that of restricting them within the limits of their facilities and of their spiritual mission, that of making effective the separation of the Church and the State, and of keeping the clergy from taking any participation, as a religious institution, in our political questions. But a political struggle having developed, it is natural that the military groups should come under strong displeasure, especially laboring under the effects of the clerical propoganda against the revolution, and that, instead of limiting themselves to restrain the clergy within due bounds, they should overstep this limitation and even, on some occasions, attempt to interfere in matters of a purely religious character. The restriction of religious services in some places and the destruction of the confessionals are instances of this. The destruction of confessionals has been the most ostensible manifestation of the ill will with which the revolutionary troops have regarded the use that the Catholic clergy have made of the sacrament of confession as a weapon of political strife.

THE RELIGIOUS QUESTION IN MEXICO

If the Catholic clergy had maintained themselves within their religious attributes, without interfering in the struggle, and, what is more, if they had not put in action the advantages which they derive from. their capacity of intellectual directors of the masses, the counter-effects on the part of the Hevolutionary troops would not have occurred.

It is unnecessary to repeat that the Constitutional Government itself has never pretended to interfere in religious matters, or to restrain in any manner the religious liberty of the Mexican people. The Constitutionalist Government does not propose to establish laws which affect religion, nor does it in any way propose to restrict religious practices.

The course of action followed by the Constitutionalist Government justifies this statement, since, owing to the influence of the First Chief of the Revolution, Venustiano Carranza, the military acts which were considered restrictive of religious liberty have been diminishing in number and in gravity.

PROPERTIES OF THE CHURCH The Mexican Constitution and the laws of the Reform determine that neither the Catholic Church nor any other religious corporation, regardless of character, denomination, duration or object, can own landed property.

The reason for this ordinance is that the Catholic clergy constituted, previous to 1856, the strongest economic power existing in the country.

In 1856, an attempt was made to disentail the properties of the clergy, that is, to destroy the mortmain, compelling the clergy to alienate their landed property. This was the tendency of the laws of disentailment.

The clergy vigorously resisted this law, believing that their economic power was thus considerably reduced, and with this motive started the struggle called the War of the Reform or Three Years' War.

The laws of 1856 did not expropriate the clergy, but in view of the laHers' completely rebellious attitude, in 1859 Benito Juarez issued In Vera Cruz a law called "Nationalization of the Lands of the Clergy," by which was expropriated all the landed property of the Catholic clergy who had resisted and struggled against the disentailment of these lands.

In virtue of this law, the temples became national property, the titles of ownership remaining in the hands of the State, but the usufruct of the same being reserved to the Catholic Church. As to the clergy's landed property and real estate investments, these were turned over to the nation and awarded to individuals.

The vital point of the laws of the Reform regarding the Catholic

clergy lies in the declaration of civil incapacity of religious corporations to own lands. This meaSUI'e, though it may appear extreme, was absolutely necessary in 1859, in order to deprive the clergy of their temporal power. The measure still continues to be absolJItely indispensable, because if religious corporations were at this moment permitted to acquire landed property, a considerable mortmain would immediately be created, from which a great amount of power would again be derived by the Catholic Church, who would thus recover their temporal power, which all countries have admitted should not be tolerated. Moreover, it can be said that the reason for which the Catholic Church of Mexico has taken, as a Church, participation in the political struggle, and attempts to recover its influence and its temporal power, is that for several years past it has been successfully evading the law in so far as regards the possession of lands.

A.ccording to the Mexican law, the Oatholic Ohurch is incapacitated from acquiring lands, by which is understood not only landed property, but also capital invested in real estate.

The Mexican law also prohibits the feoffments which might cause the property to appear in the hands of an individual, when it really belongs to the Church, or is used exclusively for the benefit of the Church.

Feoffments from bishop to bishop are not permitted in Mexico, and the estates owned by members of the clergy are considered as their personal property, to be freely transmitted to the voluntary or legal inheritors of the owners.

The estates of a bishop in Mexico, when not acquired through agreement or bequest, are to be transmitted to his legal inheritors.

For a long time past, Mexican bishops, rectors and even a number of laymen have been owning lands which apparently are their personal property, but the products of which in reality are destined to be turned over to the ChUI'ch. These lands effectually constitute a mortmain, because their owners, before dying, have to bequeath them to the persons previously designated by the Church, whether to the succeeding bishop or to any other person especially designated to that effect.

Briefly, it can be said that the Catholic Church, transgressing the law which prohibits it from acquiring landed property, has found means of necessary, just and legal appearance for possessing lands, which have served it to recover little by little its political influence.

A.s regards the temples, since the passing of the laws of the Reform, the ownership has been retained to the State, their use being reserved to the Catholic Church. In fact, the Catholic Church has for many years used the temples without restriction of any kind and without paying rents, pensions or contributions of any sort.

The limiting of the number of temples which are needed in each place for religious services would have to be left to the judgment of

THE RELIGIOUS QUESTION IN MEXICO

the Church; but as the Catholic clergy of Mexico exercise absolute control in religious matters, without intervention of any kind by the community, that is, by the parishioners, in the administration of the estates or in the management of the temporal interests of the parishes, or still less in the organization of the religious services, there is nothing to serve as a basis for determining the number of temples required by a certain parish or a certain city.

It is, therefore, with the State alone that the Church can come to an understanding regarding the number of temples to be reserved for the service, and the Government, as administrator of the nation's property, has the unquestionable right to dispose of the temples, when required for uses which, in its estimation, are of higher impor- , tance than the religious service, and above all, when, because of the abundance of temples in a single city, the number of those available for religious services is considered excessive.

A population of 10,000 inhabitants has enough with one or two temples open for worship; however, there are towns, such as the City of Cholula, in which the number of churches is so great in proportion to the population that a source of real curiosity is found by tourists in the vast number of temples, all of which are open for service, all affording occupation to priests, and, therefore, signifying a strong contribution on the part of the faithful.

Puebla is a city of 100,000 inhabitants, and it is curious to note that, until the time of its occupation by the Constitutionalist Army, it had nearly 200 temples open to the public.

Up to the present time, the number of temples destined for public service in each place has been unlimited. The Government, notwithstanding its unquestionable right to dispose of the buildings and to determine which a.re those that should be reserved for religious services and which can be destined for other purposes, had not limited the number of temples which the Catholic Church controlled.

Lately, however, the attitude assumed by the clergy against the Constitutionalist revolution brought about the closing of certain temples to religious services by a number of military chiefs and State Governors, on their capturing towns.

This could be regarded as an act of hostility, or as a sort of reprisal against the Catholic clergy, but in reality, and even supposing that such were the case, the closing of some of the temples, which never reached the extent of the total closing up of all the churches in a town, does not constitute an illegal act and is not censurable except in so far as regards the occasion on which it occurred, which, on the other hand, was elicited by the attitude of the clergy themselves.

In substance: as regards goods and chattels, the Catholic Church has full capacity to acquire and handle property. But in so far as landed property is concerned, the Mexican Constitution forbids the

Catholic Church to own teal estate or capital invested in the same, and the only right granted the Church by the laws is to maintain the temples immediately or directly destined to religious service.

MONASTIC ORDERS AND CONVENTS The laws of the Reform established the abolition of all convents and of all religious associations of monastic life. The monastic orders existing in Mexico, not only those of a merely contemplative nature, but also those of an educational and charitable nature, were abolished in virtue of these laws.

In 1874 they even went so far as to abolish the charity institution known as "Sisters of Charity," and the other regular orders, especially those of the Jesuits, were then expelled.

The abolition of the monastic orders in Mexico was a measure clearly taken in defense of human liberty, which was found to be threatened by them.

This was esp,ecially so in regard to women, whose education was still very deficient, so that they were not in a condition to defend their liberty when the tremendous moral pressure of parents and relatives was brought to bear upon them in order to force them to enter a convent.

The Mexican woman, particularly the one who possessed riches in her own right, was always exposed to the danger of seeing her liberty restricted by her entrance into a convent, where it became impossible to prove that her permanence there was not absolutely voluntary.

The laws of the Reform completely abolish the monastic orders, and within the principle established by them, all religious congregations of a monastic character must be dismembered.

The existence of these orders was tolerated in the time of General Diaz. Many of them constituted an open violation of the law, others, chiefly the French educational orders, tried to conform themselves to the laws of public instruction and acquired greater freedom of action in their work.

On the fall of General Huerta and the inauguration of the Constitutionalist Government in the principal cities of the RepUblic, ~everal monastic orders were abolished, and as the members of these Here mostly foreigners, the majority voluntarily expatriated themselves.

It is not true that the nuns were made victims of such offences as have been attributed to the members of the Constitutionalist army. The only occurrence has been the dispersion of several religious groups, whose members have withdrawn to foreign countries.

1916J THE RELIGIOUS QUESTION IN MEXICO

RESUME The religious question in Mexico can be summarized as follows: 1. The aims of the Constitutionalist Government regarding the Catholic Church are not such as might be inferred from the isolated acts which, as a consequence of the war, and above all, of the intervention ofthe clergy in our political contentions, the Catholic Church has on several occasion had to undergo. 2. The conditions of the Catholic Church in Mexico are totally different from the conditions of the same Church in the United States. 3. The laws of the Reform establish a determined condition for the Catholic Church in Mexico, which is totally different from the condition which it has according to the laws of the United States. 4. The said Jaws of the Reform correspond to a situation which is peculiar to Latin-America, and the laws in question are absolutely indispensable in order to deprive the Catholic Church of the temporal power which it had before the War of the Reform. 5. These laws must subsist at the present time, because the social conditions which made them requisite are still prevalent. 6. During recent years the Catholic Church in Mexico was entirely lawless, transgressing the regulations of the Mexican Constitution and of the laws of the Reform. 7. The intervention of the clergy in political matters, the possession of landed property on the part of the clergy, and the existence of convents, are acts wholly illegal and violative of the Constitution. Briefly, whatever abuses or excesses which, without the knowledge and without the consent of the Government, may have been committed, are far from having the importance which is attributed to them, and are nothing more than a consequence of the conditions in which the same Catholic Church placed itself on taking an active part in the struggle against the Constitutionalist revolution. The Constitutionalist Government has tried and continues trying to reduce to a minimum the possible reprisals against the Church. The Constitutionalist Government intends, at the same time, to maintain the absolute separation of the Church and State, and proposes to make effective the abolition of the monastic orders existing in Mexico, and, above all, of those of a merely contemplative character. To sum up, the Constitutionalist Government proposes to give full guarantees in reJigious matters to the exercise of any cult, but strictly enforces the observance of the laws of the Reform and of the Mexican Constitution.

Indians of South

BY H. C. TUCKER, D.D., RIO DE .JANEIRO, BRAZIL Agent of the American Bible Society It is not the purpose of this paper to deal with the phases of the South American missionary problem involved in the condlition of the Roman Catholic Church there. Our object is to call attention to the extent, and some of the conditions of the great interior of South America, to awaken interest and to start investigation along the lines relating di- rectly to the responsibility of Protestant missionary occupation of this ter- ritory.-H.C.T.

ON the most authentic maps of South America are to be found large regions designated as yet unexplored. Roughly stated, we might say these constitute a vast territory reaching from the Equator on the North to points beyond the Tropic of Capricorn on the South, and from 50° West Longitude to 70° and at points 75° West. In other words, a section embracing a territory of 2,500,000 square miles, about five-sixteenths of the entire area of South America.

Protestant Missions have a responsibility because of the commercial expansion and industrial developments that must speedily come through this region, attracting thousands of men from many different parts of the world.

It is true that the thousands now inhabiting this unoccupied mission field are few in numbers compared to the millions in the unoccupied fields of Asia and Africa; and yet they constitute a legitimate part of the problem of "Carrying the Gospel to all the non-Christian world." Eight of the ten republics in South America has each a considerable Indian population, which in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Argentina, Paraguay and others, is sufficiently large to form a part of the economic, social and political problems of these countries. Let us look at the facts with reference to Brazil. Senhor Couto de Magalhaes made three journeys of exploration from Buenos Aires, at the mouth of the La Plata River in Argentina, to Para, at the mouth of the Amazon River in Brazil. In 1876 he stated that two-thirds of the territory of Brazil could not yet be peacefully inhabited by civilized people because of the savage Indian tribes scattered over this vast territory. Brazil has an area of 3,218,130 square miles, which, according to the writer's statement, gives about 2,000,000 square miles as inhabited at that time by the savage red men. He also says that Brazil ought to endeavor to teach the Indians the Portuguese language, and in this way one million more persons already acclimated would be most useful in the development of the great interior of the country, and in preparing the way for the white man. "In the interior, that is, beyond the line occupied by the savages that are in contact with us, there exist powerful nations (tribes) that have not yet attracted our attention, because the backwoods of the interior, which has by no means been traversed or known, is so immense. The basin of the Xingu River alone is greater than France, and there is no record that a Christian ever touched it." A few years after this was written, two German explorers went some distance up the Xingu River and reported that they had discovered two large tribes of Indians who had never before seen a white man. In 1884 Senhor J. Capistrano de Abreu, a Brazilian and philologist of note, confirmed the opinion of Dr. Oouto de Magalhaes that the wild Indians in Brazil WHAT SOME SOUTH AMERICANS WORSHIP A group of Indians and two of their idols number not less than one million. The census of 1890 gave the Indian population at 1,295,000.

Mr. Magalhaes says: "To accomplish the task of civilizing these Indians will be to bring about the realization of that sublime command that Ohrist entrusted to all Ohristian people with reference to a barbarous people in the following sublime words of the Gospel: 'Go ye to those who sit in the shadows and darkness of death and direct their steps in the way of Peace!' "

The Brazilian Government has recently taken up the problem with some definite purpose, and has organized a department for the protection of the Indians, and for locating native laborers. This department has sent out groups of men through different states, who are endeavoring to establish agricultural and industrial centers for civil-

izing and instructing these scattered tribes. If we are to believe the frequent reports in the papers, those engaged in this service are making commendable headway. The laws of June 20, 1910, author- izing this work, are liberal and interesting. The State is entirely foreign to the propagation of any religious ideas or practises among the Indians, but grants perfect liberty to the ministers of religion to visit them and invite them to their churches or places of worship. Lieut. Plino Mario de Carvalho presented, under date of March 22, 1910, to the Department of Agriculture, a detailed and interesting report on eleven tribes inhabiting a section of the State of Matto Grosso through which the Federal Government is projecting a railroad. He concludes his report by saying, "It is certain that further interior, on the plains as well as along the tributaries of the great rivers there exist tribes more numerous and war-like." An editor of an English paper published in Rio de Janeiro recently said: "The way in which the Government has guietly been sending its emissaries into the interior to gain the confidence of the Indian population and thus tap this great source of labor, is most satisfactory. The President states that cordial relations are now being established with many of the tribes, some of them still in a nomad condition. In Matto Grosso, where- the Indians were a source of a great deal of trouble and of actual hostilities, they have now been so far brought into line that many of them are working on the construction of telegraph lines in those regions, and thus, as the President says, are working hand in hand with civilization in advancing the progress of the country. Undoubtedly the Indians constitute a great reserve force in Brazil, and one which should be utilized with all possible despatch."

Governments may accomplish great and commendable things for the civilization and uplift of such backward and long-neglected tribes j but to the Church of Christ remains the task of Christianizing them and bringing them into a knowledge of real life and conscious fellowship with God, the Creator.

Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru and perhaps other countries have absorbed into their civilizations a larger element proportionately of their aboriginal population than Brazil. At the same time there still exist in all these republics considerable numbers of Indians in an uncivilized state. Sr. Mendo Vaz writing in a Rio de Janeiro paper said: "It is worth while to note that even after the explorations made last year by Major Fawcett in the region of the Heath River, Bolivia, there remains about 25,000 square kilometers probably never yet visited by a man of the white race."

It is estimated by some that the Indians unreached by civilization in the other countries of South America other than Brazil number several millions. It would be safe to say that there are from 5,000,000 to 8,000,000 of Red men still living in a wild state through the hea:r:t 9f the continent.

1916J THE INDIANS OF SOUTH AMERICA

There is also a vast undeveloped region in South America lying between the border of civilization that extends around the continent for a few hundred miles interior and those great sections of almost unexplored territory in the heart of South America. In this region are to be found several millions of souls in a semi-civilized state. Their religion is a strange mixture of paganism and perverted traditions of Roman Catholicism.

They have never had the Bible, know nothing of the real truth concerning Jesus Christ, the .only sufficient Savior of the world, worship supposedly miracle-working images, believe in pilgrimages and offerings at those shrines, and follow many pagan practises. Racially they are a mixture of Portuguese or Spanish with Indian and many times African descent. Thousands of them are the offspring of concubines that the early Portuguese and Spanish adventurers took in large numbers from the primitive races. Very few have any knowledge of letters, and their customs and modes of life are most primitive. The gold and diamonds on the earth's surface, wild game, an abundance of running water and fertile lands attracted adventurers and pioneers far into the interior; there they settled, amalgamated with Indians and have remained for more than a century undisturbed and unmolested by the great modern, progressive, busy outside world. These South Americans are even more backward and undeveloped than the Indians in North America. Their condition is more like that of the rustic mountaineers and undeveloped country people of the Philippine Islands. They have only partially adopted civilized customs and ways of living, and practise a few of the perverted outward observances of the Roman Catholic Church. I have visite-d communities that had not even seen a Catholic priest for seven years; I have seen many whose social customs and habits were most primitive, among whom there was scarcely anything like a marriage ceremony or an idea of the family. In the warm climate of the tropics, clothing was reduced to the minimum, if not altogether dispensed with. A section of the Government Commission now at work in behalf of the Indians reported a few days ago to have visited in the State of Maranhao, a community of which it is said, "The community composed of ex-slaves is hostile." The writer of the report says further, "I sought with gentleness and kindness to prove to them the benefits we were bringing. They received me with manifest antipathy, but we became good friends." There are many such communities scattered throughout the country.

If we estimate that 8,000,000 are living in this backward and but partially civilized state and that there are not less than 5,000,000 of Indians still in the wild State, and there may be more, we have at least 13,000,000 of souls in the unoccupied field of South America who must have consideration in an effort to carry the Gospel to all the non- Christian world.

EVANGELICAL MISSIONARY PREACHING IN SOUTH AMERICA IN THE OPEN

THE GIRLS' DORMITORY OF THE EL CRISTO BAPTIST SCHOOL NEAR SANTIAGO, CUBA CAUSE AND RESULT IN LATIN-AMERICA 'rhe preaching of the Gospel brings light to mind and soul, and leads to the establishment of Christian educational institutions

on l.Jatin-America

BY HAHHY WADE HlCT,S, NEW YORK GCllel'al Sccretary of the lll.ssionary Education ~10VCll1eHt The Latin-American Congress in Panama last February attracted attention to these Sister Republics. This description of available litera- titre is a valuable guide to the recent books on "The Two Americas"

-EDI'l'OR.

T HE people of the United States and other Anglo-Saxon nations need light on Latin America. Ohristian people in particular need light, for on their devotion to Ohristian work in Latin America largely depends the spread of evangelical truth among the eighty millions who constitute the population of the twenty republics to the south. No contribution made by any people to another equals that of the open Bible with its attendant blessings. The establishment and development of Ohristian churches in which the Bible is cherished and its teachings are made the basis of daily conduct is the objective of Ohristian work in Latin America. Every Ohristian therefore should be eager to learn of the conditions under which the Latin-American evangelical churches are growing. The abundant new literature on Latin America furnishes light.

There are many reasons for bringing new light to bear on the work of Ohristian missions as carried on in Mexico, Oentral and South America and the West Indies. These are well summarized by Robert E. Speer in the preface to Dr. McLean's "The Living Ohrist in Latin America" in the following words: "The opening of the Panama Oanal, the enlarged commercial relations of the American nations and their increasing friendliness and political good understanding, the pressure of the European war, the community of interests and endeavor in North and South America, and many other influences have united to strengthen at this time our interest in our neighboring peoples. The Panama Oongress on Ohristian Work in Latin America has drawn attention afresh to the duty of the churches of the United States and Oanada to draw nearer in sympathy and helpfulness to the evangelical churches in Latin America and to the people among whom they are doing their work."

Because of the extraordinary significance of the Panama Oongress, and the hope that out of it might come better understanding by the churches of Latin-American peoples and conditions, the missionary educational leaders of the Mission Boards two years ago agreed upon "The Two Americas," as the theme of united study in the churches for the year 1916-17.* A varied literature has therefore been prepared for study and • Because tbe Woman's Foreil,,'ll Missionary Societies had previously decided upon anotber subject of study and bad a few years before studied South America, it did not seem practicable for tbe Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of the United States to join in the current plans for Latin America.

reading within the next nine months, to be used in the churches whose boards maintain missions in Latin America. The five volumes in English, one in Portuguese, and one in Spanish, reporting the Panama Congress, now coming from the press, taken with the literature for systematic study in the churches, together furnish the light every Christian should have.

In order to make available the vast fund of information needed by Christian people in a form suitable for systematic reading and study, and to bring different ages into the plan, the following books have been prepared and issued by the Missionary Education Movement for use by the churches, obtainable from the mission boards:* "South American Neighbors," by Bishop Homer C. Stuntz, presenting in popular form for adults the present state of the missionary enterprise, the problems faced by evangelical churches and Christian leaders, the history, and results of Roman Catholicism in South America. This volume reveals the aspirations of the peoples for education, the attitude of Latin-Americans toward Anglo-Saxons and the Evangelical Church, and many other vital questions of current interest to those who should foster Christian Work in these lands.

"The Unity of the Americas," by Robert E. Speer, is a fourchapter book intended for laymen. Its use will be advocated in the series of laymen's conventions and ministers' conferences now being conducted throughout the United States by the Laymen's Missionary Movement. It will also be used by many mission boards. Its chief purpose is to show what are and what should be the uniting influences binding all the Americas together. When business between the Americas is developing at such an enormous rate, Christian business men should be leaders in friendly relations based on Christian sympathy, confidence and fair-dealing.

"The New World," by the Rev. Arthur R. Gray, is a book for adults presenting the work of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Latin-America. It lays special emphasis on the influence of European pioneers in Latin-America on the religious, social and political life to-day.

"The Living Christ for Latin-America," by Rev. J. H. McLean, is for use in Presbyterian churches, and deals with the work of that communion in South and Central America and Mexico.

In order to help local church leaders to conduct a parish-wide study of Latin-America, a literature for young people has been prepared to meet this need: "Makers of South America," by Margarette Daniels, is a book for high-school boys and girls, belonging to the Servants of the King Series. The book is biographical and in successive chapters sketches the lives of seven Latin-American national heroes, and five missionary leaders who were or are pioneers and heroes also.

• For prices see the advertisement at the end of this issue.

ttGHT ON LAT1N-AMERtcA

,'Martin, of Mansfeld," by Margaret R. Seebach, is for boys and girls from twelve to fifteen years of age. It is a captivating biogra- phy of Martin Luther, and is specially suited to the current program of reading, for in it is given the story of the religious leader who gave the Bible to Germany in the tongue of the people, conferring on them the untold blessings for which the Latin-American people as a whole even yet wait.

"The Land of the Golden Man," by Anita B. Ferris, bears upon child life in South America, and is intended for children of the Junior and early Intermediate ages. This book stands alone in the great multitude of volumes on Latin-America as suitable for use among children, in churches, schools and homes.

"Pictures on South America." Twenty-five selected pictures, printed on a large sheet with description, are for cutting out and pasting in scrap-books, by children.

"An Easter Program," for use in Sunday-schools, will bear upon the theme of Christ and international peace. "Christ of the Andes, " the statue of Christ erected between Chile and Argentina, is used prominently for illustration.

The majority of Christians, even those who believe in and sup- port Christian missions, have left Latin-America out of their study.

The readers of the REVIEW are therefore urged to secure and use these books, and to help pastors to inaugurate a church-wide program for the study of Latin-America this fall and winter. One of the best methods of starting interests in the study is to use one of the new stereopticon lectures on South America, Central America, and Cuba and Porto Rico, now being circulated by the Missionary Education Movement, or one of the lectures furnished by the mission boards on their work·in Latin-America. .

The literature reporting the Congress on Christian Work in Latin-America is of a different type. While it has not been prepared for use as text-books, the five volumes in English should be owned by every church leader who desires to keep ahead of his group by hav- ing perspective and background, and a vast reserve of knowledge of his subject. No subject of a missionary character has received such careful treatment in two or more decades, excepting possibly the Worid Missionary Conference at Edinburgh. The reading of these volumes will transform notions concerning the adequacy of Roman Catholicism for Latin-America, and show why Latin-American condi- tions cry out for Evangelical Christianity. In urging upon Christians everywhere the circulation of the reports, no feeling of hesitation arises, for otherwise pastors and lay workers, Christian teachers, donors, business men, legislators, publicists, and others who should know the facts, will fail to read them, and will lose the privilege of .

service therein presented.

Two volumes are being prepared, one in Portuguese and the

other in Spanish, by Professor Erasmo Braga of San Paulo, Brazil, and Prof. Eduardo Monteverde, of Montevideo, Uruguay, respectively, for circulation in Brazil and the nineteen Spanish-speaking countries. These will embody a purely Latin-American interpretation of the Panama Congress to Latin-American peoples. It is a matter of deep regret that these brilliant evangelical Christian leaders, of whom there were many at Panama, can not also speak to Anglo-Saxon Americans through English translations. The two books will be advertised widely in all the countries reached by evangelical mISSIons. Already considerable numbers of volumes have been ordered. Plans are under way to provide a fund to be used in distributing these two books widely in each country of Latin-America, on a cost basis and as gifts, among influential national leaders, so that a true interpretation of the Congress, and the significance of present evangelical movements may be correctly understood. The groups to be reached are educators, journalists, public officials, business and professional men, philanthropists, leaders in social movements and others who are sympathetic with the Evangelical Churches, or who are favorably disposed toward one or more of the phases of missionary effort. Aid in carrying this important plan into effect is still needed.

For English readers five books bound in uniform style and sold separately or in sets, are being provided. These are: 1. "Reports of Commissions 1., II., and III. on Survey and Occupation, Message and Method, and Education, with Discussions Thereon."

2. "Reports of Commissions, IV., V., VI., and VII., on Christian Literature, Woman's Work, the Church in the Field, and the Home Base, with Discussions."

3. "Report of Commission VIII. on Cooperation and the Promotion of Unity," important appendices including complete statistics, a directory of agencies and a bibliography.

4. "Renaissant Latin America," by Professor Harlan Page Beach, of Yale University, a general and condensed review of the history, work and significance of the Panama Congress.

5. "A Report of the Regional Conferences," by Rev. Charles Clayton Morrison, D.D., describing 'and estimating the work of the strategic meetings held by four selected groups of delegates after the Congress in the cities of Lima, Santiago, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Havana, San J nan and Barranquilla.

In all the volumes described in this article light is shed on the privilege and duty of evangelical churches and Christians of Anglo- Saxon peoples, in Latin-American countries. Intelligent readers will in turn became light-bearers.* • Until November 15th the five in English may be ordered for $3.50 as a set, or with the Portuguese and Spanish volumes for $5.00. After November 15th the price of each volume in English will be $1.00.

Christianity on

Rio Grande BY REV. SAMUEL M. GLASGOW, MERCEDES, TEXAS Home Missic>nary of tbe Presbyterian Churcb (Soutb) CHRISTIANITY, since the day that the Apostle Paul responded to the Macedonian call, has steadily followed the trail of the setting sun. Its determined and well-organized impact upon the Western l!'rontiers in North America continues the normal expression of Christian life and growth.

With the huge tide of population ever flowing forth through the great gateways to the Western Plains, and to the calls of the new life in the great States that are still in the making, there must go the Christian colonizer, to stand for God where God is not in all men's thoughts, so that by that power unseen and little valued in commercial standards, He may have a share in making a frontier that fast crystalizes in its ideals before it is too late. The great peril on the frontier is that the Church, having consulted ease rather than duty, shall find her once glorious opportunities departed. To-day we seek to create a Christian atmosphere, to-morrow we must struggle with precedent and habit; to-day we may mold the child, to-morTOW we must face the giant full-grown.

Typical of the new work in the great West has been the establishing of the Church of Christ in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, a strip of territory twenty by sixty miles in the ext'reme southern toe of Texas. Here is a semi-tropical, rich, delta section that engineer's magic and commercial sagacity have transformed from a tangled jungle into an agricultural paradise. The climate admits of at least two crops annually; the soil is fertile beyond the dreams of the most sanguine, and the water is dispensed over extensive acreage by superb canal systems connecting with the Rio Grande. Lusty towns, scarcely yet weaned, are springing up throughout the length of this fertile section and great home-seeker trains pour their quota of new life into this attractive and promising country. Within three or four years after the land had partially been reclaimed from the jungle, thousands of people had come here to make homes and develop this garden spot.

In the summer of 1909, I visited the little village of San Benito, a new irrigation project twenty miles north of Brownsville. It was then a scattered town of some five hundred people, whose only religious activity expressed itself in a feeble Sunday-school and an occasional preaching service by a visiting missionary. To-day San Benito is a small city of three or four thousand, having over twenty-five two-

story brick business buildings, miles of cement sidewalk, numbers of retail and wholesale business houses, and its own forty-mile railroad system traversing its rural community.

There is an eighty-thousand-dollar sugar mill, two pre-cooling stations, canning, brick, and tile factories, and the largest cotton gin in the world. How has the cause of the Master fared? Five repre- sentative denominations have erected splendid churches; four pastors live there, the Sunday-school enrolment runs up to some six hundred; besides these there is a well-equipped mission for Mexicans, who num- ber thousands in this section. It has its church-house, school-house and residence, a native pastor, and an American missionary. It main- tains day-school, Sunday-school, and Gospel services regularly, all conducted in the Spanish language. Recently as a colporteur went among the Mexican people in San Benito a customer, hungering for the Bible and without means to purchase it, offered to exchange some loaves of bread for the Word of God. A few weeks ago a call came from this valley for Gospel services from an outlying ranch not previously visited by the missionary. When the worker, Rev. J as. O. Shelby, responded, he found and received into the church a believing Christian man who had never heard a Gospel sermon, but who had found the Way of Life through the Living Word as his Christian wife had expounded it to him.

Leaving San Benito and traversing the valley following the sun's trail we pass through Harlingen, where our initial efforts to build a house of worship were met with hitter cursing and opposition on the part of one of the then leading citizens of the town. Three splendid churches and three located pastors now are proof of the Kingdom's progress there. Farther west we pass through Mercedes, where capitalists have spent a million and a quarter dollars on the finest private irrigation system in the world. Here Christian activity has blossomed from a meager union Sunday-school effort into three stalwart churches. The total Sunday-school enrolmeEt is over three hundred.

Passing westward, we pause at Mission, a small thriving city of three thousand people, whose religious development has been marked with many evidences of Divine power. The first Sunday-school organized here was gathered in an unfinished pool-hall. In the summer of 1909, I found that, though it was then a town of five hundred or more, there had never been a Protestant religious service of any kind held there. Sunday was distinguishable only by diligently consulting the calendar, and the mad rush for money was rapidly destroying the higher motives and principles in men's hearts. The Sunday-school missionary and myself organized the" pool-hall" Sunday-school one Sabbath afternoon soon after this visit, and I had the privilege of preaching the first Gospel sermon in that town to a listening audience of twenty-eight souls. From Sabbath to Sabbath this infant organization struggled along, meeting in private homes,

ESTABLISHING CHRISTIANITY. ON THE RIO GRANDE

unfinished buildings, and wherever shelter and improvised seats could be secured. One Sabbath afternoon we were meeting in a storeroom with open, unfinished front on the main business street. As my audience sat patiently on nail-kegs and benches made by placing boards across boxes, listening to the message, suddenly there burst on the air the clanging music of a passing Mexican band advertising a theater for the night. As the band wagon approached I slowed down expecting developments. When it appeared opposite the store blowing lustily, an old lame settler, lately honored with the title of Justice of the Peace, limped out to the street and shouted for silence. The musicians, however, not knowing the English, and mistaking the rebuke for praise, blew up the more bravely. Whereupon the enraged dignitary strode out into the street and first over the heads of the burrows and then over the heads of the musicians he used a universal medium of communication. Nursing their heads the astounded musicians departed in silence, and we resumed our service.

Some years later on that same street we were holding street services in connection with a mission at the church each evening. As we sang, spoke briefly, distributed leaflets, and prayed, I saw standing on the saloon porch, by the side of which we were holding the meeting, Bill Schaefer, the" bad man" of the town. Bill carried about with him a great and tender heart under his rude and rough exterior, and as they sang I spoke and pleaded with Bill for surrender to the Savior. He took out his check book and wrote me a check for seventeen dollars and handed it to me. His eyes glistened with tears to which they had been stranger for many years. I said: "Bill, it's not your money we want, but you."

This town of Mission now has three excellent church buildings, each with its own Sunday-school, the second generation of the poolhall gathering, and the cause of the Master is seeking to contribute its vital ingredient to this community's life and growth and future..

It has been our uniform experience that in those communities where the Church has entered early, and has labored faithfully, it has secured results impossible and unattainable through delayed efforts. The time for molding and controlling a town and its future destiny is the same psychological period that we use in the case of a child, and early efforts bulk large in comparison with deferred endeavors when the ideals are formed and God and the Sabbath omitted.

The initial efforts in many of the towns were made through evangelistic services held under the Gospel tent, available buildings being in the early days scarce. The crude trials of those days might interest one unfamiliar with the contingencies incident to tent preaching on the frontier. At Donna, in the summer of 1910, the evangelist and myself held a tent Gospel service that was fraught with many vicissitudes. To test our patience at the outset the railroad company delivered the tent at a station nine miles distant, and so we had to delay

until it could be brought overland. When we were erecting it one of the large poles fell hvice before we could get them set in their places. At the first service the whole tier of seats went down-nobody hurt. The next morning a whirlwind caused the complete collapse of the entire tent, one of the main poles snapping in the wreck. Finally we repaired the wreck and started again; but such whirls of dust greeted speaker and audience that the talk was muddy and many wept, not from sorrow, but from sand. We finally abandoned the tent for a building that was offered for completing the services. In other places such a comedy of mishaps was fortunately avoided, and many of the strong organizations that are now the Kingdom's strength in this valley were brought to Christ in this tent.

Establishing the Church on the frontiers is an investment with deferred payments of both principal and interest. Patience, therefore, and faith are necessary for the richest and most permanent returns. When these are exercised just hopes are amply rewarded. The Home Mission Church at Mercedes, about six years old, gave, during last year, an average of two dollars and fifty cents per member for foreign missions, and one dollar and fifty cents to home missions. That year the average for the whole denomination was one dollar and ninety cents per member for foreign missions, and fifty cents for home missions.

A spiritual mind bringing a spiritual message, sincere sympathy with inevitable frontier environment, foresight and Christian statesmanship, are among the essentials for permanent and adequate success in establishing the Church upon the frontiers. Patience and the power to see steadily amidst vacillating and changing conditions and standards are objects of prayer in the home missionary's personal pleadings at the throne of God. Let the unknown home missionary find a quiet place in the interest and prayers of all who wish to sustain him in his unromantic and unheralded, but far-reaching services.

"It is great to be out where the fight is strong To be where the heaviest troops belong And to fight there for man and God."

"Oh, it seams the face and dries the brain And strains the arm till one's friend is pain In the fight for man and God."

"But it's great, to be out where the fight is strong To be where the heaviest troops belong And to fight there for man and God."

BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y

WORKING WITH CHILDREN "What of the children, my sisters ~ What of the coming band 1 Who will take up the work of the Master As it falls from your trembling hand ~ Are they trained to the cause, 0 mothers~ Are they strong and brave and true~ Are they ready to lift the burden iVhen the Master ealls for you ~' , ISABELLE MACKAY SUGGESTIONS FOR CHILDREN'S heating, ventilating and seating of the SOCIETIES* room; the second to act as ushers, pass the hymn-books, and take up the collection; BY MRS. ROBERT STUART SANDERS, the third to deliver the gifts of flowers and fruit. THOMASVILLE, GEORGIA The children should have a choir of No method will avail without the their own, and each meeting should be led , believing prayer of a conse- by a different child-leader who should strive to make his meeting interesting with crated leader back of it–a special music, recitations, chalk-talks, or an occasional march. But he must never leader who is enthusiastic, omit the more important parts of the meeting-his own opening prayer, Bible loving, punctual, and above reading and talk on the subject, and the talks and sentence prayers by all the chilall, not worldly. Her great aim should be dren present. The children never refuse to lead if the adult leaders appoint them to train the children to be leaders in and their subjects long in advance. If possible there should be printed programs Christian work, for from their ranks will with dates, topics and leaders for a year. If this can not be, a written program for come our future missionaries, ministers, the year should be put on the church bul- letin or wall, where the children can refer church officers and Sunday-school teach- to it.

ers. What wonderful opportunities and The text-books needed are the Bible, de- nominational missionary magazine and the privileges the mission band leader has! Church Year Book of Prayer. Each child should prepare something on the subject And what responsibility! of the meeting before coming to it. He should read up on it, get his family inter- The children should be asked to bring ested and talk about it to his friends. To spread information about missions is to flowers or fruit for the sick to the meet- arouse interest, then love, then giving.

ings and, if there is a prison, hospital or At each meeting the children should be asked: orphanage near by, other donations also. How many have read the Bible (or had A committee at the meeting should put it read to them) every day of the past week'! appropriate Bible verses on these gifts How many have prayed daily that the and address them ready to be delivered by the boys at the close. Perhaps a choir of the children could go occasionally to the children's ward of the hospital to sing hymns to the little sufferers. There is no town too small to need the ministrations of a wide-awake mission band.

The officers of the band and the leader for the day should meet in a separate room before the meeting to pray for a special blessing on it.

The boys of the band should be divided into three groups: the first to attend to the • Condensed from The Missionary Survey. The author is a pastor's wife, who is an expert in workin~ with children.-B. M. B.

people of their community may be brought THE OAKLAND SUNSHINE CLUB nearer to Christ' In the Oakland Presbyterian Church, How many have prayed daily for mis- Springfield, Ohio, there is a girls' mission sions' band which has many commendable fea- How lllany prepared something on the tures. At our request the Misses Jessie subject before coming to the meeting' and Mary Brain, two of the leaders, have The names of the books of the Bible sent us the following data concerning it: should be learned and a drill conducted at The name of the band is "The Oakland each meeting. Call out Bible references Sunshine Club," and it includes all forms and see who finds them first. Such a drill of missionary work-local, home and for- will keep the children quiet before the eign. It was organized on February 6, meeting begins. 1915, with 23 members and will soon be A Bible match in which the child who two years old. The membership grew so knows the greatest number of verses stands rapidly-it now has 6 leaders and 50 up longest has been very successful, and a members-that it was divided into two missionary contest with 75 to 100 questions sections, which meet together for opening and answers about our missions gives in- exercises and then separate for the re- formation that will never be forgotten. mainder of the program. The division Large maps of the mission fields are was not made on the basis of age, but very helpful. The children may be given follows the grading of the city schools- little paper flags with the missionaries' an excellent arrangement. The Junior names, and if mounted on pins, may place section comprises girls attending the 4th, them at the proper stations on the map. 5th and 6th grades; the Senior, those of Missionary scrap-books divided into the 7th and 8th grades. On entering High seven parts, one for each of our seven School members are promoted to a Mis- foreign fields (Southern Presbyterian) can sion Study Club under different manage- easily be made by each child. Each part ment.

should contain a flag of the country, a In addition to the opening exercises, map, clippings and pictures, and a short the program for the Juniors includes: description of the missions there. The (1) A missionary talk, 20 minutes; cover may be made of plain wall paper (2) Missionary education developed decorated with a foreign design or water- through scrap-books, 30 minutes; color sketch. (3) Practical work for some needy A chest of pictures and ·curios from mis- field, about 40 minutes; sion lands is a souree of never-failing de- (4-) Refreshments, 15 minutes.

light, and the reflectoscope with postals Last year the missionary talks fol- and pictures interests many. lowed "Jack and Janet," and were given with the help of maps, paper dolls in cos- "What of orchards when the old tume, suitcase mite-boxes, etc. trees are worn out, when all methods The scrap-book work of the Club is of pruning, spraying and harvesting are of no avail? worthy of special mention. The two books sent on for our inspection are of a high "Is not the great task of the order of merit-things of beauty and mothers of the Church to plant hun- likely to implant an abiding interest in dreds and thousands of new trees, missions. At first the scrap-books used not to bear for years, perhaps, but were a kind in use in the city schools, trees planted by rivers of water which have 28 pages of gray mounting bringing forth fruit in their season? paper, 9 x 11 inches, inclosed in board covers, and sell for 5 cents each. When "What of the work for children these were filled a loose-leaf system was and ~irls in your clmrch? Do en- inaugurated. Instead of the books a list them for this world work."- number of tablets were purchased with Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, at the blank sheets measuring about 8 x 10lh Philadelphia Triennial of Woman's inches. The covers of these were removed Boards. and are used for protecting and designat- ing each girl's work. A.t the meetings

BEST METHODS

they are given out with one or two sheets lad in the local tuberculosis camp. As of blank paper and the material to be Christmas approached, yards and yards of pasted thereon. At the close they are col- red and green crepe paper chains were lected and kept until the next meeting. made and sent to San Juan to decorate This loose-leaf work is planned to run the children's ward in the hospital. At through a year and a half or two years; Easter the club decorated the home then attractive covers will be made, holes church, and at the close of the Easter will be punched in the finished sheets, and services sent seven boxes of daffodils, each the books tied with raffia or ribbon. The with a card bearing an Easter message, advantage of using loose leaves is that to sick persons in the neighborhood. if a member drops out there is less waste These are but a few of the many helpful of material. activities reported for the year.

The first page of each scrap-book has The Club's Christmas Party the name of the Club and its motto. Following this, two pages facing one another The Oakland Sunshine Club is financed are devoted to each of ten fields-five by the Mothers' Club of the church-a home and five foreign. Each field has its fine idea. So, when Christmas came, inmap and flag and pictures illustrative of stead of an entertainment being given for the people and missions among them. the girls, they gave a Christmas party for There are also paper dolls in native cos- the mothers. The date was December tume and various appropriate little de- 30th-after Christmas, to avoid the Christvices cut from red paper such as a toma- mas rush for the mothers and give the hawk and bow and arrow for the Ameri- girls time to prepare. can Indians. The Korean pages have the Korean characters for the name of Jesus The party proved to be the Red Letter done in pen and ink. Day of the year. Each girl was allowed to invite her mother, and the program was Pictures for the work were obtained to be a surprize. It was really very simfrom old missionary magazines (the ple, but the halo of mystery made it seem church people are glad to save them for like a real Christmas secret. It consisted the Club), from The Christian Herald and of sacred song and story, rendered for the most part by the girls themselves. The from Mrs. Horace Hill of Minneapolis serving of the refreshments, which took who supplies them at small cost. Most of the form of a very simple pageant, was the flags and maps were drawn and col- both novel and charming. Before the ored by the girls themselves, but the little meeting a large table had been arranged Alaskan maps were blue-printed by the across the front of the room. It was covleaders and those of "Darkest Africa," ered with white cloth draped with broad were traced with colored crayon by red ribbons and had on it two sandwich the leaders and cut out by the girls. "All baskets filled with little red tarlatan bags this means work," says Miss Mary Brain, containing white peppermint candies. "but the interest and pleasure in the books would repay anyone for the trouble. I After the program there was 8 brief have had more than one mother tell me intermission during which the mothers how her daughter prizes her book." were given pencils and slips of paper with anagrams-liThe Contents of a The practical work of the Club gave Christmas Basket"-to occupy their time. the opportunity for expression that is es- Then one of the larger girls wearing a sential to success. Sets of colored paper white robe (cheesecloth) entered by a dolls found in The Ladiesl Home Journal side door. On her head was a silver and other magazines, were cut out and crown with one white star, and in her done up in white envelopes tied with scar- hand a silver wand. As she advanced to let raffia. These went to the local hospital the head of the table she said, "I am the and to the Presbyterian Hospital at San spirit of Christmas. I am present at Juan, Porto Rico. Picture scrap-books every happy gathering at the Christmas made of gray cambric and filled with time. I will now call my helpers and togaily-colored pictures went to the Indian gether we will serve the Christmas feast." children in Arizona and to a little Italian

Stepping to the door she opened it, and Missionary Education Movement, 156 as the piano began a march she led in to :B'ifth Avenue, New York, at $1.50 each; the room a procession of forty girls, each the Congo Box put up by "B. Martin" wearing a little Christmas apron of red for the children of the Southern Presbycrepe paper and having a band of the terian Church and sold by the Woman's same around her hair. Each carried some- Auxiliary, Peachtree and Tenth Streets, thing with which to decorate the table and Atlanta, Georgia, at 50 cents; and the they marched, single file, first around the Mary Hill Literature Boxes originated room, then around the table where each by Mrs. Horace M. Hill and put up at placed what she carried. This feature had her famous missionary workshop, 415 been so carefully rehearsed that the table Oak Grove Street, Minneapolis, Minn. seemed decorated as if by magic, and the These boxes are in endless variety; in all result was very beautiful. A decorated more than 3,000 have been made, no two Christmas tree was placed in the center of alike and are designed for both leaders the table and around this twelve crystal of juniors and grown-ups. They may be candlesticks with red candles (not lighted purchased outright or may be rented for fear of fire). A smaller decorated tree for a moderate sum and are exceedingly was placed at each corner and around the helpful. entire edge a carefully placed border of holly. The Mary Hill "Band Box" filled with sample programs, invitations, notebooks, When the work was completed the girls mottoes and other devices for band work, marched around the room· again, finally is one of the daintiest and most fascinatforming in two' rows back of the table. ing things we have seen. Children take de- Standing there they sang, softly and light in examining its contents. It sells sweetly, as a blessing, "Holy night, silent for the modest sum of 50 cents plus night." This climax was very effective, postage and we wish that every band and with its spirit of reverence and sim- might own one. plicity seemed to touch the mothers deeply. For junior work Mrs. Hill also has box- es of literature and pictures on the var- At the close the girls passed cherry ice ious countries, a box filled with stories and little white cakes and gave to each for junior reading, a larger one on the guest one of the littIle tarlatan baw of pep- same plan for the leader and two boxes permints. In all, 115 were present and the of suggestions for leaders, the prices party proved a great success. It got the varying according to the contents. She mothers (lut and added to their interest will prepare boxes to order on almost any in the club besides giving the girls great given topic and will furnish charts, and pleasure. packets of pictures at moderate cost. Her work is a labor of love, not a financial THE NEW MISSIONARY BOXES venture, and often entails loss rather than profit. In writing her for help, band There are a good many kinds of mis- leaders should inclose a generous amount sionary boxes-mite-boxes in endless of postage. variety for collecting missionary money; boxes of clothing and supplies for home A MISSIONARY BIRTHDAY BOX missionaries and home mission schools; boxes of dolls, scrap-books, picture post- The newest box of all is the "Missioncards, games, etc., to be used by mission- ary Birthday Box" devised by the Junior aries at home and abroad in winning Superintendent of a Congregational Sunchildren to Christ. day-school in which, for various reasons, it seemed impossible to do very much to Boxes on this order have done a great interest the children in missions. Miss work for missions. And now there is a Mary Preston tells about this box in Life new variety which also promises to do a and Light as follows: great work-boxes filled with helps for missionary leaders in their work. These "The box was prettily prepared and include the curio boxes on Africa, Japan tied up ready to be carried home for a and the American Indians PlLt out by the week by the fortunate youngster whose

1916J BEST METHODS

birthday pennies should proclaim to the directions are given as follows for making school that he or she had just passed a simple yet effective Chinese cap and another milestone. Can you see in your cue. mind's eye the glow of anticipation on the face of the temporary possessor of that "Take a long black stocking and cut box? off the foot. Then, beginning at the bot- tom, cut the 'leg into three equal strips "So much for the box. What of the leaving five or six inches (enough to fit things inside it? The real test of" its the head) uncut at the top for the cap. value depends upon the contents. When Then braid the strips tightly and near the brave, bright box is open, when the the end weave in some strands of bright veil of mystery is torn aside-what then 'I red yarn. Tie the end of the cue with the yarn and finish with a gay tassel of it. "Suppose the children are hearing You will be surprized to find how well about the boys and girls of India-would these caps and cues look when finished." not such things as these be of interest'! Colored picture postcards of scenes in A Wampum Necklace India which can be obtained from many mission boards; pictures from the N a- The Missionary Survey gives the foltional Geographio Magazine, The Mission- lowing directions for making a wampum ary Herald, Life and Light, Everyland necklace such as Indians wear: and other magazines, mounted on sheets of attractive blue, green or brown paper; "A good imitation of a wampum neck- Orient Pictures on the order of Perry lace can be made by cutting hollow macapictures but missionary in subject, print- roni into pieces an inch long and stringed by the American Baptist Missionary ing them on cords or ribbon. Paint each Society, Ford Building, Boston, Mass.; of the beads in streaks of red, yellow, directions for games such as children play blue and black, Indian fashion, and the in India copied from 'Children at Play result will be a necklace that every one in Many Lands,' by Katherine Stanley will admire and wish to copy for them- Hall; two dolls painted brown, dressed selves." in the costume of India and given native names; brief facts about the children of ALMA MATE~* India bound into a little home-made booklet; stories about specific children in BY PRISCILLA LEONARD India such as may be found in back numbers of children's magazines. The oldest university Was not on India's strand, "Perhaps this is enough by way of suggestion. Box-makers once imbued with Nor in the valley of the Nile, the idea will find no dearth of material. Nor on Arabia's sand; Why not try the plan in your Sundayschool department or class, or in your From time's beginning it was taught, Junior Endeavor Society or mISSIon And still it teaches free, band? Remember that when such a box goes into a home it reaches not one mem- Its learning mild to every childber of the family but several." The school of Mother's Knee.

THINGS TO MAKE The oldest school to teach the law, And teach it deeply, too, A Chinese Cap and Cue Dividing what should not be done Printing a little missionary magazine And what each one should do, is a plan used in the Junior Department of the First Baptist Sunday-school, Ben- Was not in Rome nor Ispahan, nington, Vermont. It is called The Tra- Nor by the Euxine sea; veler and is a bright little sheet of four pages measuring 6 x 9 inches. In the It held its sway ere history's day- "China Edition" issued March 7, 1915, The school of Mother's Knee.

* Reprinted from The Youth'8 Oompanion. It Is hoped that every mother will include in the curriculum of this most effective of all schools the subject of world-wide missions. Because the mothers of Robert Motl'at. Alexander Mackay, James and Isabella Thoburn and hosts of other great missionaries did so. the world has been mightily blessed aud the door of heaven opene'] to millions of souls that might otherwise never bave beard the Gospel.-B. M. B.

The oldest seminary, where ies' at a missionary exhibit at our State Theology was taught, Sunday-school Convention held here re- cently and we are making enthusiastic Where love to God, and reverent prayer, use of it. We are all so pleased to make And the Eternal Ought, the acquaintance of Mrs. John G. Paton in it, and are delighted to find that she Were deep impressed on youthful hearts had sueh a sense of humor. We have In pure sincerity, promised the book to the one having the best record in my summer school. We Came to the earth with Abel '8 birtb- are having drawing, sewing, botany, etc., The school of Mother '8 Knee. at home.

The oldest-and the newest, too- "We think of you whenever we play It still maintains its place, our card game, 'Who's Who in Missions.' Sarah and Elizabeth are getting a real ABd from its classes, ever full, interest in these heroie men and women. It graduates the race; We are taking one missionary a Sunday and have about eight or ten now. It is a Without its teaching where would all fine idea. I don't think the children will The best of Jiving bef easily forget the few definite facts about each one. As soon as we know enough 'Twas planned by Heaven this earth to cards we will play the game according to leaven- directions."

The school of Motber's Knee. MISSIONARY ANAGRAMS AN IOWA "SCHOOL OF MOTHER'S One of the things we found in a Mary Hill "Band Box" is an ordinary white KNEE" envelope measuring about 3~ by 5~ inches with a picture of John G. Paton Not long ago the Best Methods editor pasted on the outside and this suggestion received a letter from a mother in Iowa daintily printed by hand: IILet the who conducts a modell/School of Mother's Juniors learn the names and faces of Knee" for her three little daughters- great missionaries by this means." In- Sarah aged eleven, Elizabeth eight and side the envelope are the letters, A, N, Mary five. Missions have such a large 0, P, T, from which the name Paton may place in this little school that althQugh be formed. They are two inches high and the letter was strictly personal and not cut from heavy paper-each of a differmeant for publication, we take the liberty ent color bright enough to prove attracof printing a portion of it for the in- tive to a child. spiration of other mothers: This is an excellent plan either for a liThe first thing I read our children mission band or the home circle. Sets of along missionary lines was the life of envelopes on this order can be easily made John G. Paton-not the youth's edition. at home and really constitute a game of It was about a year ago and I thought I high educational value. would run my eye ahead and boil down the big words and leave out a little of the sermonizing. But I wasn't allowed to! Sarah sat on one arm of the chair and Elizabeth on the other and I was vigorously urged to go right on and not change it.

"l found your 'Fifty Missionary Stor- PRACTICAL WORK IS OF UNTOLD VALUE IN WORKING WITH CHILDREN If you do not know just what to undertake along this line, write (inclosing postage) to the Rev. Samuel D. Price, superintendent of the Department for Utilizing Surplus Material, The World's Sunday-School Union, 216 Metropolitan Tower, New York City.

See also THE MISSIONARY REVIEW for August, 1914, when the Best Methods department was devoted to this topic.

BEST METHODS

TEACHING MISSIONS THROUGH A PLAN FOR THANKSGIVING* DOu..S When the refreshments were served at "We say a great deal nowadays about the close of the November, 1914, meeting toys that have some educational value as of the Woman's Missionary Society, opposed to those that merely amuse," Union Presbyterian Church, Schenectady, said The Youth's Companion recently, New York, there were five grains of corn "but it has remained for an ingenious on each plate. They had been placed woman to use dolls as a means of teach- there by the hostess at the request of the ing history. president who, in connection with the de- votional service had given the gist of an "She began by dressing for her own article in The Continent by the Rev. little dltughter a 'Priscilla,' about which Ernest Bourner Allen, D.D., pastor of she wove stories of the early settlement of the Washington Street Congregational the country. The appeal to the interest Church o'f Toledo, Ohio, which explained and imagination of the child was remark- their purpose and use. able. 'Pocahontas' furnished an occasion for various stories of the relations be- In the early days of New England it tween the white men and the Indians and was the custom for the house-mother to 'George and Martha Washington' gave an place beside each plate on the heavily excuse for colonial and Revolutionary laden Thanksgiving table, five grains of tales. corn. This was to keep in remembrance the dark days of the Pilgrims when in "The mothers of some of the little girl's the heroic struggle to found a republic playmates became interested and adopted where there would be freedom to worthe plan for their own little daughters; ship God, the daily allowance of food for and since they all played with their dolls each person was gradually reduced until together all of them got the benefit of it became merely five grains of corn. Bewhat each had learned. . . • The lieving that these heroic days should still success of the plan depends largely upon be kept in remembrance, Doctor Allen has the selection of characters that are inter- revived the custom in his own home. esting and attractive to children and upon a reasonable fidelity to the dress of the "Ever since the children came to bless country and period. There should be a our home," he says, "we have placed five carefully worked out chronological scheme grains of corn at every plate on Thanksand good story-telling." giving Day. Briefly, in simple form, some phase of the great Thanksgiving epic has This plan is quite as good for teaching been told to the children. Then every missions as for teaching history-perhaps member of the household, from the todeven better. Dressing dolls in the cos- dling youngster to the smiling grandtume of the period to represent great mis- mother, has given five reasons for Thankssionaries and in native costume to repre- giving, one for each grain of corn. They sent famous native Christians would not grow mighty precious as you begin to be a very difficult matter and would arouse count. You finger them hesitatingly, and great interest. thoughtfully, and wish there were ten! And each one realizes the relation between What wonderful stories could be woven 'think' and 'thank! This custom of placaround dolls representing Ann Judson, ing and counting the corn, itself the great- Gertrude Egede, Fidelia Fiske, Mary est crop-except children-which we pro- Moffat, Eliza Agnew, Pundita Ramabai, duce in America, has developed the sense Doctor Mary Stone, Chundra Lela, and of Thanksgiving in our home and helped Mrs. Ahok! And what fascinating dia- us to give it a 'sane' celebration." logues could be arranged between Fidelia Fiske and Eliza Agnew, Dr. Li Bi Cu and During the social hour at the mission- Doctor Clara Swain, or Isabella Thoburn ary meeting, as at Doctor Allen's thanksand Lilavati Singh! It seems to us there are infinite possibilities in the plan. • Though this plan was originally used in a woman's society, it could be made very etl'ective In a children's meeting, either with or without retresllments.-B. M. B.

giving table, each one present was asked work among the Indians and teach them to name five reasons for Thanksgiving, to trust in Him. 'When you see an Indian one for each grain of corn. It was so penny thiuk of this and make the prohelpful and met with such favor that cession two miles long." many of the ladies present derided to inaugurate the custom in their own homes A little girl in Schenectady heard this on the coming Thanksgiving Day. story and was so much interested in it that when she received a little tepee mite- A MILE OF INDIAN PENNIES box* from a cousin in Ohio, she announced Collecting Indian pennies for Indian that she was going to use it to collect Indian pennies as the little Marylander work is a fine idea that originated with had done. The entire household agreed the Episcopalians of Maryland dnring to join her in this and now the little tepee Lent last spring. bank whieh occupies a place of honor on the desk in the study is getting quite "The children of :Maryland and their heavy. Not only all the Indian pennies friends have collected a 'Mile of Indian that come into the house promptly find pennies' as a special Easter offering to the their way into it, but occasionally one of Indian work in Alaska," says The Spirit the new Indian nickels also. of Missions. "They happened to notice that the Indian penny is not marked 'In • These tepee banks arc vcry attractive. They God we trust,' so they decided to set apart may be obtained from the Woman's Baptist Mistheir Indian pennies to support God's sionary Society, 2969 Vernon Avenue, Chicago, Ill., at 7 cents a dozen.-B. M. B.

-The Spirit Of Missions.

TVill you write and tell the editor of any ways in which you have found this de- partment of Best lYlethods useful? We 1vill also welcome a description of other methods used with success.

THOUGHTS

MISS ADDRJBSSJB§ The Editor invites contribj~tions to this departm,ent-unique and practical suggestions as to topics for sermons and missionary talks, striking outlines) impressive facts, and brief but powerful incidents to illustrate lessons and talks. Direct to the EDI'roR.

William Carey's Text Outlined The Cost of the War "Enlarge the place of Thy tent," etc., COS1' of the war at the present time is Isaiah .54: 2, 3. I. THE SETTING at the rate of over $100,000,000 daily, 1. Prophetically following Chapter 53. 2. Historically linked with Wm. Carey. or $36,500,000,000 a year. The costs to II. THE EXPOSITION 1. "Enlarge." Accept the World-Wide date and the present daily costs are divided Commission. A t tern p t great things. Build for God among the nations approximately as fol- 2. "Spare not." Large unused wealth. Superfluities. Blessing of giving up and lows: giving largely. 3. "Lengthen thy cords; strengthen thy Cost to March 1st Daily Cost stakes." Cooperation. Each cord and stake needed. A responsibility for each. Great Britain … $ 7,440,000,000 $ 25,000,000 4. The promise. "Thou shalt break Prance ….. ,… 5,400,000,000 15,500,000 forth; Thy seed shall inherit; make deso- Russia ……… 5,500,000,000 16,000,000 late cities to be inhabited." Work fruitful Italy ………. 1,200,000,000 8,000,000 to workers and to the world. Other allies …. 980.000,000 3,000,000 IMPRESSIVE FACTS Total for allies $20.520,000.000 $ 67,500,000 Women of the World Germany … … . 6,260,000,000 22,000,000 Austria~Hungary 3,560,000,000 . 12,000,000 Roman Catholic .,. 100,000,000 rl'urkey and Bul- Protestant ……. . 90,000,000 Greek Catholic, etc. 50,000,000 garia ….. . 580,000,000 – -1,-500-,0-00 Central Powers $10,400.000,000 $ -35-,50.0-,00-0 Total Christians 240,000,000 – Grand total $30,920,000,000 $103,000,000 Pagan ……………….. 60,000,000 Confucian ……………. 120,000,000 The total cost of Foreign Missionary Hindu ……………….. 100,000,000 work is about one-thousandth part of this, Buddhist …………….. 60,000,000 or $30,000,000 a year. All Christian work Mohammedan ………….. 90,000,000 at home and abroad for one year would. not exceed the cost of the war for ten days. To many of these 600,000,000 of women, only women can go. 1'hey are in harem Thoughts Worthy of Enlargement and zenana; they are field laborers and burden bearers; they are caste-bound and THE hardest thing in the world to confoot-bound and soul-bond, in a bondage trol and influence is not money but that women who breathe the free air can it is the hnman will.-S. D. Gordon. not understand. They known not that the world's Savior is woman's best friend. Practical Christianity is divine at the center of life, flowing in definite ex- pression toward God and man.-Worth M. Tippy.

The weakness of most missionary ser- mons is that they are long on exhortation and short on facts. Men are convinced by facts more than by theory.-Cornelius H. Patton.

When we know then we will feel; when we know then we will pray; when we feel and pray then we will give-the three things necessary in the Church before we can ever get an adequate force to go,. and before we will ever be able to properly support them when they have gone.

ILLUSTRATIONS FROM LIFE paper images of Kwan and Ngoh. Then "To Whom Shall We Go?" these two Christian soldiers came to the A CONVERTED Mohammedan was Rev. Harry Barton, of Ningpo, and asked called before the authorities to an- him to pray that a way of escape might be swer the charge of reading Christian books. found for them. Just before the date Before judgment was passed he begged to llxed, Dzing and Yih presented a petition be allowed to ask a question. "I am travel- to their commanding officer, saying that ing," he said; "I look around for some di- they had mada their vows to the one true rection and discover two men; one is dead, God, and could not take the oath before the other alive. Which of the two am I idols. The officer praised them for good to ask for advice-the dead or the living 1" conduct, but said that they could not be "Oh, the living, of' course," all cried out. excused from obeying the President's "Well," he added, "why require me to go order. to Mahomet, who is dead, instead of to Christ, who is alive'!" "We must obey God rather than man I" they replied. "We would risk our lives in At Azzimur an intelligent Moor said any place of danger at the President's to Mr. Robert Stevens, a missionary in command, for we could then only lose our Morocco, "No, we will not buy your books, bodies; but to worship paper images for they will make Christians of us." "Ex- would mean the loss of our souls I" aetly so," Mr. Stevens replied; "that a book is capable of doing what you have said The officer threatened them with the proves it to be a book of power. It death penalty, but they answered: "We changes a man's heart and conduct, and this do not fear that. It would only prove proves it to be what it claims to be-the that we were counted worthy to die for Living Word of God." Christ's sake!'

Finally a way of escape was opened for them; their names were struck from the The Key to the Situation roll of the Army, without reproof or pun- «FOR years the Moravian missionaries ishment. This they regarded as an answer labored in Greenland teaching the to prayer, as it also gave them privilege of attending the second Sunday service natives about the creation and the fall, the at the mission. flood and the dispersion, and all to no pur- * pose. But one day John Beck read to a small company the old story of Christ's dy- Pleading on the Roadside ON ing love, and one of them, Kayampek, with one of our last trips our cart be- tears streaming down his face, said to him, came stuck in the mud, almost waist 'Tell it me once more, for I, too, would be saved.' At last they had found the key to deep. We had to remove the luggage and the Greeenianders' hearts." The lash of take the cart apart in order to get out morality will never mold men, but the of the hole. Old Nursamma, one of the light of Calvary always does. glorious results of our never-to-be-for- Like Daniel in Babylon gotten revival, was with us and helped to remove the load from the cart. I shall TWO Christian soldiers in the Chinese never forget the picture of her as I saw army, named Dzing and Yih, stationed it that day. A Hindu man passed along at Ningpo, were missionaries to the bar- the road as we were in the midst of our racks. They prayed constantly, and never dilemma. Nursamma, her heart aflame gave up testifying that Jesus is the Savior for God, could not bear to see him pass of the world. They started daily prayer and not be spoken to; so there the dear meetings for their comrades, and attend- old saint stood, in mud and water up to ance increased. But one thing troubled her knees, a bundle of bedding under them: they could only get leave for at- one arm, and several chickens in her tending one service on the Sunday. hands, pleading with that man to give his The President of the Republic issued an heart to Christ I-REV. CHARLES E. PAR- order that the whole Army and Navy KER' Hyderabad, India.

should take an oath of loyalty before the * From Missionaru New•.

EVOLUTION

PORTO RICO – RICH PORT – WIDE OPEN PORTAL 3hctU 1lade Health Edueation outstrip The Gos,etf From a drawing by Miss Edith P. Thomson and Miss B. F. Bennett NEWS fROM ~JLANID)S LATIN AMERICA lishing a juvenile court. The child prob- lem is one of exceeding difficulty. The New Ideals for Porto Rico abandoned and neglected contingency is relatively large. THERE are 1,184,489 people living in Porto Rico. The Federal govern- There is need of strong reinforcement ment is working through a Board of Ag- in the missionary schools. The proposiriculture aiming to improve farm condi- tion to confer American citizenship on the tions. The low grade of intelligence Porto Ricans has met with a good deal of among the farm laborers makes it difficult favor, but if Porto Rico is to become an to introduce effectively the modern agri- integral part of the United States the recultural methods. The chief products are ligious ideals must be changed. sugar, coffee, and tobacco. The educational work has made fine advancement. Christian Book. Make Their Way Gradually but surely the standard of intelligence is rising. There are 2,084 white ONE of the biggest agencies of evanteachers employed and 377 colored, mak- gelization in Central America is the ing a total of 2,461. That number of mission printing press in Guatemala, of teachers at work upon the social life of the which Rev. William B. Allison has superpopulation certainly means a good deal. vision. Good JlOads are so few in Central After all, the teaching force is entirely America and the mountain trails so diffiinadequate. There is only one teacher for cult that a large number of the towns and 209 children of school age and only one villages have very little contact with the for about 80 of the pupils in actual at- outside world. The Jnissionary's journeys tendance. The educational problem is a must be made on muleback, and the time vast one. needed to cover the distances makes his trips to the different places few and far The last legislature passed a bill estab-

between. But the unusually liberal postal them to reopen soon but nnder strict state regulations permit Christian literature to :;llpervision, the buildings being used durbe sent to all parts of the country free ing the week for schools until structures of charge, and as the Christians in the for that purpose can be built. General distant towns receive these papers and Alvarado intends to end Catholic tyranny tracts, they carry them along on their over the people. short foot journeys to be left wherever they will do the most good. Surinam Lepers Cured Recently two Indian men voluntarily THE Surinam Government Leper Hosmade a 400-mile journey on foot simply pital at Groot Chatillon is near Befor the purpose of distributing literature thesda, where Moravian missionaries are and doing personal work. Mr. Allison, at work. They report the cure of two who acts as editor of the Guatemala News, young women patients, one of whom has the monthly organ of the station, is anx- been four years under treatment at Beious now to institute correspondence thesda, and the other seven years. Both courses of Bible lessons along with his have regularly used Aiouni. This is a other work.-The Continent. preparation of the Chaulmoogra oil, long known in India as a palliative for leprosy. A Reform Governor in YucataJ!, It is mixed with olive oil and other ingredi- ents to make Aiouni, which is the discov- G ENERAL SALVADOR ALVARA- ery of a M. Delord, a French missionary DO, before the outbreak of Car- resident in Switzerland. ranza's successful revolution a storekeeper in his native state of Sonora, has com- After six months under special observapleted one year of his governorship in tion, the two girls were dismissed by the the Mexican state of Yucatan. Although highest medical authority in the colony as only 35 years old, he is nevertheless one cured, and were permitted to return to of the most remarkable men of Mexico their homes. and in the reconstruction of that land he is likely to play a leading role. Since EUROPE twelve months ago, when he entered the peninsula with a conquering army, he has "AEvangelism and Women Speakers established free schools for the compul- NATIONAL mission of repentance sory education of all children-though and hope" is the title given by the heretofore only 15 per cent. of the chil- Archbishop of Canterbury and other predren attended any school-and has reduced lates of the Church of England to what crime to such an extent that a few weeks might be called an evangelistic campaign ago there were only twenty-eight prisoners which they have been planning for this in the state penitentiary, which had been autumn. It has been proposed to have built to accommodate 2,000 and had al- evangelistic preaching in every 'established ways been crowded. The state has been parish throughout England, and with the notorious for its vices, but it is said there expected cooperation of many of the free is now not a disorderly house in Yucatan, churches it was hoped that genuine revival and the crowds of beggars have dispersed. might spring forth in many centers. But most unfortunately the high-church party One of Alvarado's first acts was to turn has broken into these preparations with a the Catholic churches at all the haciendas bitter controversy. It is caused by an into schools. He managed to induce announcement made by the bishop of Lonteachers to go from the United States, and don that parish rectors might arrange if under their direction the children are re- they wished, in connection with the mission ported to be showing surprising advances movement, meetings of girls and women to in learning. The governor general finds be addressed by women speakers whom he has made some mistakes in his efforts the bishop promised to accredit as "mesquickly to give the co=on people of the sengers" for such service. These women country a chance, and is said to regret his were, however, forbidden to speak in consummary action there against the secrated churches or before any audience churches. He has promised to permit including men.

1916J NEWS PROM MANY LANDS

'fhe high-churchmen have appealed Men's Cbristian Association in all these without success to the Archbishop to for- lands and haye the same facilities for obbid this plan, and they are now denounc- servation that I had in Italy. }<'rom my ing it as a conspiracy on the part of the experience here, therefore, I make the women "to capture the priesthood step by cheerful generalization that there are few step." One of their leaders protests men in Europe that are physically better against the "very mischievous nonsense" off than the prisoners of war. It is with of talking about the "equality of men and respect to their moral condition (to use women in the sight of God." the word moral in the largest sense) that they are to be pitied, and it is in this Welah Christiana at Work sphere that the Association is diligently rendering a sort of assistance which could T HE Welsh Porward Movement cele- not be expected from the military author- brates, this year, the twenty-fifth an- ities." niversary of its beginning. The object of this Movement has been to reach non- Mission Among Swiss Gypsies churchgoers, to rescue neglected children, to provide Christian nurses for the sick I N the spring of 1914 a mission among poor, and to promote temperance and the gipsies in Switzerland was started social welfare, especially in the industrial by the Evangelical Mission of Switzerland. districts of Wales. Sixty large Gospel Already a number of auxiliary stations halls have been built at a cost of about have been established, whose purpose is: $700,000. Sunday-schools have been or- (1) To help wandering gipsies where it ganized, also prison-gate missions, sol- is necessary and possible to do so; (2) To diers' and sailors' social institutes, and distribute suitable literature among them; rescue homes. A gift of $50,000 has (3) To bring the Gospel to them in a lately reduced the debt on the Movement's simple, childlike manner. properties to a minimum. Baptist Work in Portugal Among War Prisoners in Italy DR. Z. C. TAYLOR, a missionary of REV. WALTER LOWRIE, of the the Poreign Mission Board of the American Church in Rome, was in- Southern Baptist Convention in Bahia, vited by the Italian Ministry of War to Brazil, was in 1909 commissioned by the visit the prison posts in that country. He Brazilian Baptist Convention to visit attended at the same time to the arrange- Portugal and report to the brethren in ments for the libraries and tools and musi- Brazil the advisability of the Brazilians cal instruments and games provided for doing mission work in their fatherland. the Austrian prisoners through the Young The report of Dr. Taylor encouraged the Men's Christian Association. He says of Brazilian Convention to begin work in his trip: Oporto, Portugal, and in 1911, Rev. J. J .. OIiviera was appointed with his wife to "In every case the prisoners' food and undertake the mission work there. lodging were better than their Italian guards enjoyed. The barracks of the A building has been erected in order to Italian soldiers have never been distin- accommodate the church, the residence of guished for their cleanliness, but the the pastor, day school and Sunday-school, prison posts rarely left anything to be containing an auditorium with a gallery desired in this respect. The greatest hard- which seats 400 persons, and five rooms ship the soldiers complained of was the around the main hall which are used for lack of work and (as an incidental conse- school purposes. quence of this) the impossibility of getting hold of any money to buy tobacco. It was While this work was being carried on, the socialist party in Italy which objected two fields were opened in the interior to putting the prisoners to work. I can where there are two flourishing churches, not distrust the testimony of the Ameri- scores of thousands of tracts have been cans who are working for the Young published and distributed, and there is a monthly paper, 0 CristO,{) Baptista.

The Slav Relieion is very great, and the people are said to be dying in large numbers. T HE attempt to explain to the English MOSLEMS IN ASIA – people the rea-I mea-ning of the re- ligious outlook in Russia and Serbia is Missionaries Return to Maraovan one which needed to be made. Hence the lectures being delivered at St. Margaret's, ABURDEN was lifted from many Westminster, on Thursdays, are full of hearts with the receipt, through the interest and importance. But they will State Department at Washington, of a also serve to show how great is the need cable dispatch from the American emin Russia for a reformation which will bassy at Constantinople announcing that bring to the people the light of the pure one Swiss and four American missionaries Gospel. In his lecture, Mr. Stephen Gra- left that city for Marsovan July 20th. ham, who is an enthusiast in all matters that pertain to Russia, threw the color of No sooner did the evicted party reach his genius upon such excrescences as pil- the capital than efforts were begun to perlar saints, rock hermits, celibacy, the wor- mit some of them to return, to recover ship of the virgin, etc. which he called control at least of portions of the prop- "fair things!' Those who have seen with erty and to safeguard the American plainer eyes the groveling of much of this Board's interest there. Repeated delays saint-worship in Russia, will hardly call and obstacles were encountered. Hopes it "fair." Mr. Graham, however, admits were kindled only to be disappointed. At that "Russia is feeling the need of Puri- length permission was given and the way tanism," and in this he is right. There opened for the return of five missionaries. has never passed over Russia a movement Their safe arrival in Marsovan was re- 'akin to the Reformation. The Eastern ported by cable to the State Department Church holds firmly to its place and power in Washington, August 4th. over the people.. No mention, hitherto, has been made III these lectures of the It remains to be learned what they great Stundist movement. It is in that di- found at Marsovan j whether they will rection that we may look for a new day- actually recover the property, and if so, break. The creation of interest in Rus- in what condition it will be turned over sia is timely, for reasons other than those to them. It has been learned that their supplied by the war. An evangelized Rus- houses have been occupied by the military, sia would be as the Temple of God in the despite orders when they were vacated that East. they should be sealed. It will mean much for the saving of the work as well as the Jewi.h Refugees in Russia plant that some of the staff are once more on the ground.-Missionary Herald.

THE Jewish Missionary Intelligencer Open Hearts in Persia reports that some six millions of people from Russian Poland have had to leave A MISSIONARY in Persia writes:· their homes and places of business and "The missionaries who went to Delisettle down in different parts of Russia. man had a very satisfactory stay in that These millions, most of them destitute, place, reporting on their return that much have been planted in towns already over- work can be done there. The Moslems, crowded, owing to the Government having both men and women, are quite ready to commandeered many of the larger hotels, -hear and to discuss matters of religion buildings and houses for hospitals, muni- with the missionary. tion works, training-schools for troops, and for the accommodation of recruits. "In Khoi the work is very open, espe- cially for Mohammedans. In one of the In Petrograd and Moscow the need of villages visited (Mohammedan) I was the refugees is fairly well met. The work thronged morning, noon and night, and the of English, Russian, Polish and Jewish only limit to the work was my own physicommittees have provided food, houses, cal resourceS. Our worker in Khoi has and clothing for refugees in and around certainly thoroughly prepared the soil for those cities. In the smaller cities the need intensive work and it was a grief to have

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

to leave' so soon. I had no difficulty in them. More than a hundred corpses are giving my message and the people were all taken out daily from Aleppo. very ready to listen. One old woman after listening to my tale of how, while people "The more educated inhabitants of Al- were seeking various means of escape in eppo maintain that the Germans do not these days of trouble, I had come to tell really approve of these outrages. Perhaps her of a road of escape I had found from the German people, too, are ignorant of the oppression and misery of sins here these events. How would it be possible and hereafter, turned to her daughter and otherwise for the usually truth-loving said: 'Can your Mullah give you any bet- German press to report the humane treatter word than thatf'" ment of Armenians accused of high trea- son 'I . . • Every cultured human being is A German Proteat Against Atrocities competent to intel'vene, and it is, in fact, his sacred duty to do so. . . . FROM trustworthy German sources comes confirmation reports of atroci- "We know that the Foreign Office has ties committed by the Turks against Chris- already received descriptions of the local tians in Turkey. A protest has been sent condition of affairs frOID other sources. to the German Foreign Office by the Fac- Since, however, the procedure of deportaulty of the German High School at tion has in no way been ameliorated, we Aleppo, Turkey, which states that unless feel it more than ever our duty to submit Germany restrains the Turks the crimes this report for your perusal. and outrages committed by the Turks "will always remain a terrible stain on Ger- "Above all, we realize to the full the many's honor among the generations to danger with which German prestige is here come." The protest in part reads as fol- threatened. lows: "DIRECTOR HUBER, Aleppo, 8th October, 1915. "DR. NIEPAGE, "We feel it our duty to call the attentionof the Foreign Office to the fact that "DR. GRAETNER, our school work, the formation of a basis of civilization and the instilling of respect "M. SPIELER." in the natives, will be henceforward impossible if the German Government is not INDIA in a position to put an end to the brutalities inflicted here on the exiled wives and A Missionary Survey of India children of murdered Armenians. IN response to the desire expressed at "In face of the horrible scenes which take The Continuation Committee Conferplace daily near our school buildings be- ences voted in 1912 that a missionary sur-. fore our very eyes, our school work has vey of India be undertaken as follows: sunk to a level which is an insult to all '£he Indian National Missionary Council human sentiments. . . . should appoint a Committee on Survey. Since large measures of reconstruction "Girls, boys, and women, all practically and readjustment, in the missionary, as in naked, lie on the ground breathing their other spheres, must inevitably result from last sighs amid the dying and among the the war situation a comprehensive survey coffins put out ready for them. of the field appears indispensable. The survey will aim to gather such information "Forty to fifty people reduced to skele- as will guide the Societies and the Indian tons are all that is left of the 2,000 to Church to a duly coordinated policy for 3,000 healthy peasant women driven down each part of the field, and as will enable here from Upper Armenia. The good- the Church in India and at the home base looking ones are decimated by the vice of to realize the nature and extent of the their gaolers, while the ugly ones are task committed to it. Its results are to victimized by beatings, hunger, and thirst. be presented in a report some time in the Even those lying at the water's edge are year 1917. Rev. W. H. Findlay, for many not allowed to drink. Europeans are years an English Wesleyan missionary in prohibited from distributing bread among India, has been appointed Director, with his headquarters in Bangalore, and Rev. W. H. Hannum is to serve as Associate Director.

Conversion of a Holy Man there are lots of diflindt problems con- I N the report of the Marathi Mission nected with them, their parents and so for the current year is told the story forth."

of a guru of the Mahar caste, who exer- Caste Breaking Down cised full sway over nearly 200 villages and" had a following of several hundred REV. F. E. JEFFREY, of Aruppudisciples, and who had been present at a kottai, India, states that a marvelous village preaching service. "He came to revolution is in progress. Twenty-five see us, and said that we must feed him years ago he was stoned for innocently with milk like a mother; that he had taking a low-caste Christian servant missed the true way to God; that he was through the Brahmin street. The other blind, but that light was now beginning day he sat down to a banquet with colto break. Taking a piece of camphor, lege students of all castes, including three he showed us how he prayed; lighting it, divisions of Brahmins. All were served he became absorbed in meditation as he by servants of low-caste extraction. watched its bright flame. Then he told us how he prayed that as the flame left It will be remembered that in Bombay, no trace of ash behind so might his soul last December, an All-India Inter-caste rise to God, absolutely consecrated, with dinner, organized with the avowed object not a trace of earthliness. After one or of doing away with caste differences, was two more interviews, when I found he held. Of the 450 guests from various had been listening to preachers for years rastes 225 were Brahmins, 50 were Indian women, and 20 were the "untouchables."

unmoved, he expressed full readiness to SIAM AND THE LAOS accept Christ. 'I only want to go and What Kru Sook Said give my son a farewell kiss and tell him I am dead,' and the big tears ran down REV. F. L. SNYDER, of Tap Teang, his face. Three Hindus called on him Siam, sends an interesting account the day after his baptism and asked him, of an opportunity which was unexpect- 'Have you become a Christian 0/' His edly given to one of the native preachers simple answer was, 'All my life I've been to witness for Christ in a place of great seeking light and peace. Seeking, seek- influence: ing, seeking-but never finding. Now I "On St. Patrick's Day, His Excellency have found.''' the High Commissioner called a meeting HTEarnest Hindu Students of all the people at the market and ex- HE life here is not only interesting tended a special invitation to all our Christian people to be present. They all and pleasant, it's just great," writes turned out in their best. The principal Mr. Mason Olcott, from Vellore, South business was to secure subscriptions to India. "There are four Hindu chaps in the warship fund. This business over, my Bible class that are all enthusiasm His Excellency the High Commissioner about Jesus Christ. They are trying with proposed a preaching service. First heart and mind to follow Him. Their there was a sermon by the Abbot of Wat earnestness puts us to shame. M. Streene- Po at Nakon-Sri-Thamarat, on the five vasan, for example, read two hundred great commands of Buddha. Next fol- pages of a book, 'The Crown of Hinduism,' lowed a remarkable and lucid talk by in less than three days, in order to learn our chief helper, Kru Sook, giving the something more about Christ. Without reasons why he became a Christian, and any suggestion from outside, he looked setting forth the salient teachings of up all the Bible references in the book that Christianity. Kru Sook did not dream he could not understand. In one week he he would be called on for an address, and read the whole of the Gospel of Matthew, was quite taken by surprise, but God by himself. I wish you all would pray gave him a wonderful message. His for him and the other three who are espe- address was most tactful, gTaceful and ciaIly interested in Christ. Pray also for uplifting, and presented Christianity in me in trying to deal with them wisely, for all its charm and attractiveness. The

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

High Commissioner, the Abbot, and the This unique tract has been pasted up in officials frequently applauded the address many mosques, as a warning to the and afterward spoke, again and again, 'Faithful,' but in so doing, Mohammedan of their profound impression of all that friends have drawn increased attention to Kru Sook said." the original testimony, and to the Scrip- ture texts that were added. CHINA "The Arabic literature is still in de- Political Outlook in China mand by the men who can read it, and we are in touch with many who under- T HE latest report from the China In- stand the Nile Mission Press publica- land Mission workers says that the tions. A Chinese Mullah recently wrote political situation in the provinces to me: generally has considerably improved since Li Yuan-hung succeeded to the " 'I have received the parcel of books Presidency. "There now seems to be you kindly sent (Arabic books at his reasonable prospect of order being fully own request). Many thanks. Through restored, and of a period of peace being your kindness, the compassion of the enjoyed throughout the country. It is True Lord has reached me. 'Blessed are cause for thanksgiving to God that, during the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.' the time of revolt and consequent unrest (I had in a Chinese letter quoted among the people, while some of our Matthew 5: 6.) 'It is my great desire to workers who reside in the regions more be one of those who understand deep particularly affected were subjected to truths. Receiving the books you sent has strain and anxiety, none of them sus- been like a fountain of water to a thirsty tained personal injury. Nor was the work man." of the Mission in many stations seriously interrupted; on the contrary, at not Practical Christianity in Manchuria a few centers increased opportunities for preaching the Gospel were furnished. One SOME two years ago a band of brigsad result of the temporary loss of con- ands attacked the homestead of a trol by the Central Government, however, Manchurian farmer, named Tung. They is that in several districts which were tied him up, burned his home, and carried previoll,llly regarded as free from the off his property. Mr. Tung, who was a opium curse, the poppy has again been ex- humble Christian man, did not inform tensively planted, and the officials have en- the authorities. He bore his loss, recouraged its cultivation. stored his home, and went on with his work. About two years afterward he Christian Literature for Chinese Moslems met in the city one of the robber band, who seeing that he was recognized, MR. F. HERBERT RHODES, of begged for mercy. Mr. Tung said "I do Chefoo, China, sends to Dr. Samuel not bear any grudge against you. Tell me M. Zwemer the following interesting about yourself." The man hardly believfacts in regard to the results of the dis- ing his ears told the story of his troubles, tribution of Christian literature among among them being that his feet were Chinese Moslems: frost-bitten, that he owed money at the inn but had none left, and was in need "We are just sending out to more than of food. 200 missionaries small parcels of two Christian Parable Tracts: 'Lost in the "Well," Mr. Tung said, "go back and Desert,' and 'The Acceptable Robe,' and get some food," a.nd he gave him some hope to follow later with more. money adding, "Go back and pay your account if you can. I will call for you "In the Testimony Series (also in to-morrow and take you to the hospital Chinese) we have recently sent out num- and see if something can be done for your ber five: the first one, which you sent feet." The man, who feared that behind from Arabia, created snch an impression this generosity there must be some plot that the Chinese Moslems reprinted it t.o capture him, would fain have run word for word, but prefixed a Moslem away in the night, but found it imposstatement as to what they consider truth.

sible, his feet were so bad. Next day of Peking. He writes that Mr. Yung sent Mr. Tung came for him in his own cart, his motor car to take him to the church and took him to the hospital, saying to service. In the afternoon of the same day himself', "Perhaps he will learn of' Jesus the celebration of the Bible Society cenas I did, and will come out a different tennial took place in Peking, and Mr. man," and he did. Yung made an address, speaking earn- estly of the power of the Bible to change Church-going in China men. "Half of the expenses of the cele- l)ration/, Dr. Goodri$ concludes, "in- HI WAS glad when they said unto me, cluding the putting up of the tent, which 'Let us go into the house of the seated 4,000 people, were paid by Mr. Lord.' Here in China as we go to Yung. He has lately promised the Young church on Sunday we notice many minor Men's Christian Association $4,000 (Mexdifferences between a Chinese church ican) a year for some of their educational service and one in Canada. In Weihai- work, and he has in mind other work for wei OUt church bell is rung early Sun- the church." day morning just to let the people know that this is 'Worship Day,' as Tithing in Spite of Famine some of them find it hard to keep track of the days of' the week. Then the A MISSIONARY from north China bell is rung again at church time. On writes: "This province, out of the going into church, probably the first last four years, has had three years of thing a newcomer notices, is that a practical famine, and to this has been family can not all sit together as we added war conditions which have stopped love to see them at home. The older money from coming from Europe. Many boys and men must sit on their own and far-reaching industries rnn by forside, while the women and girls go to eigners and many Chinese businesses have the women's wing. There is no scarcity been destroyed, so that from observation of children in church here; even the it seems within truth to say that the babe of a few months comes as often as people here are worse off in the way of its mother does, and does not miss its food than are the refugees in Belgium and meals either. A Chinese mother does Poland. Right now there are people in not need to 'stay at home with the chil- this province who are stripping the tendren'; she just takes them with her der leaves of the trees to eat, who are eatwherever she wants to go. To be sure ing the last portions of' dried sweet pothe little ones often make a noise, and tato leaves and dried turnip leaves. All are taken out, but there is a good deal through my mountain district I saw of going back and forth anyway. Of women gathering baskets of thistles to eat. course, the older .Christians know better You can imagine what this means to poor and sit still during the service, but Christians sending their children to school, groups of non-Christians often come in much more what it means for the Holy at any time during the service, and go Spirit to have touched the churches of my out if they do not find the service inter- field, to tithe and to plan to build new esting.-J. M. Hattie. churches, as they are doing. In one of the heathen districts in this field on this trip, A Church Member Now some twenty men of a district had sub- scribed a tenth of their earnings, which T HE distribution of 5,000 New Testa- amounted to about one-fifth of the cost ments by Mr. Yung Tao, who de- of the church, and another had given a scribed himself as "not a church member" beautifully located piece of land for a on the slip which accompanied each book, church site, set up on an elevation back containing a personal message for the of the village, surrounded by the hills, like recipient and calling attention to the Jerusalem. I walked all Saturday in· t1re merits of the Bible, was mentioned in the rain in order to worship with them, and September REVIEW. Now the welcome was mighty glad of the privilege." news has come of the baptism of Mr. Yung by Rev. Chauncey Goodrich, D.D.,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

JAPAN-CHOSEN headquarters offices of the American so- Dr. Nitobe and the Teachers ciety in New York and the British society in London, and in 1907 the American O NE thing that is very marked in Japan society set up in Seoul an independent is the growing sense of a higher moral agency. The missionaries object to comstandard for teachers, particularly public peting Bible colportage, and believe that school teachers. This desire is constantly one organization at the same amount of expressed by the Government as well as expense could do a work very much more by many leading officials. Dr. Nitobe, one extensive and very much more thorough. o! the leading Christian educators in The proposition of the Bible committee Tokyo, told recently of a school superin- to the American society is, therefore, not tendent who came to him and said: "Dr. that it shall cease to send Bibles to Nitobe, I am in need of teachers. Will Korea, but that it shall permit the Brityou give me a list of those who you think ish society, which has a well established would be good for my district?" And agency working from its own building, Dr. Nitobe gave him a list of ten names to distribute Bibles from America as well of those whom he knew to be good as those printed in Great Britain. teachers. The superintendent interviewed them all and came back to Dr. Nitobe and The Bible for Every Home said: "I have chosen 'only four out of the ten whose names you gave me. They T HE Oriental Missionary Society is seemed to have a different spirit in their placing a portion of the Bible or a work than the others and appeal to me tract in every house in Japan. During as the most qualified." And Dr. Nitobe six weeks thirteen native and two forsaid it was rather significant that the four he had chosen were the only Christians. ana eign workers covered the entire Sanuki Thus the thoughtful Japanese seem ready to recognize Christ as the great Leader to Province, distributing 128,000 tracts whom men must go. portions of the Bible. Every worker aver- aged 300 homes a day. Every home in The New Premier in Japan this province has received Christian lit- erature, from the houses in the cities to the most isolated in the mountain districts.

IT is significant that the new Premier in A Korean Opinion of American Japan, who takes the place of Count Churches Okuma, is Count Terauchi, who was Governor-general of Korea during the trial of THIS is what Dong Sung Kim says Christians. He is a militarist and a of churchgoing in his "Oriental Imbureaucrat. General Baron Yusaku pressions in America": Uehara, former Minister of War, is to be Governor-general of Korea. "Along with our wonders and sur- prises, we came to one place where we Bibles in Korea were quite disappointed. We used to at- tend, in our homeland, a full prayer- T HE Bible COl;nmittee of Korea, com- meeting with as many people present as prising twenty-two missionaries rep- there were on Sunday; but here in Amerresenting seven missions at work in that ica just a handful of faithful few turned country, the majority being Americans, out for this mid-week service. At the has addressed a very important letter to first prayer-meeting, our pastor told us the American Bible Society seeking to in- that he had the largest prayer-meeting duce it to retire from Korea. in the State, although the crowd was The letter recites that, prior to 1907, quite small. Yet this pastor was such a the British and Foreign Bible Society, wholesome and lovable man of great the Seottish Bible Society and the Ameri- power. He was among the choicest of can Bible Society maintained in Korea the leaders of his State, yet he was una joint agency. which satisfaetorily uni- able to pull the people out to a mid-week fied the work of Bible distribution in that prayer-meeting. fleld. But friction developed between the "Once, in a church, on our travels, we

took the last seat in order to get out Moros, the famous Malay pirates, have re- sooner, but we did not succeed, for some sisted all attempts to pacify them by mili- one followed us out, shook us by the hand tary force. On the large number of small and bid us come back again. This was an islands comprising the southern group unnecessary invitation to us. The moral about 200,000 of the tribe still lead a is, we are not to go to church because semi-nomadic life. They are Mobamme- a half-dozen people come around and pat dans, and are without the civilizing in- our backs and ask us to come back. We fluences that attend the spread of the should attend church because our con- Christian religion. As the Igorots and science directs us to do so."-World Out- other head-hunting tribes of northern look. Luzon were civilized largely by the men who brought them medical relief, it was ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC decided to reach the Moros in the same A Distinguished Filipino way. The hospital ship will go from TEODORO R. YANGCO, of Manila, island to island, meeting the people at es- who has been on a visit to the United tablished points, bringing medical relief States, is one of the striking figures in to the sick and giving medical instruction the commercial, civic and religious life of to the natives.

the Philippines. As president of the Fili- pino Chamber of Commerce, president of NORTH AMERICA the Insular Life Insurance Company, and The New Mandingo Association head of large shipping interests, Mr.

A Yangco is representative of the commercial GROUP of business men and mission- ary leaders have recently formed a ability and leadership of the Filipino peo- ple. Mr. Yangco is also president of the unique corporation to conduct a Christian Young Men's Christian Association of business enterprise in the interior of the Manila, and as a philanthropist is active Guinea district of west Africa. The As- in various enterprises, giving time and sociation has been formed as a result of money to unselfish causes. He has recently the indefatigable work of Mr. M. R. Hil- founded a much-needed orphanage in ford, who was for some years a mission- Manila, and pensions worthy Filipino stu- ary in that district. The purpose and plan dents in America. He has also made of the organization was described in our generous donations to public school build- June number. It has now been incorpo- ings and playgrounds. Mr. Yangco's last rated with a board of fifteen directors, visit to America was in 1886, and his including James H. Post, Wm. Fellowes present tour is for the purpose of making Morgan, Edward C. Delafield, R. Bayard a study of American life and institutions, Cutting and Frank A. Horne. This cor- also hoping to interest American capital poration plans to send Mr. Hilford to in developing the natural resources of the Africa to establish a plantation and cattle Philippine Islands. Mr. Yangco spent ranch where Africans can be made self- several weeks in Washington, gWlllg supporting and at the same time may be counsel in connection with the bill before educated in Christian ideals.

Congress concerning the future of the In this connection a missionary associa- Philippine Islands. tion has been formed with a separate A Hospital Ship for Moros board of nine directors to control the re- ligious part of the work. This Associa"

COOPERATING with the International tion, which is to work in harmony with Health Board of the Rockefeller the denominational mission Boards, in- Foundation, the Philippine government cludes Dr. H. B. Frissell, Dr. Talcott Wil- will send a hospital ship to the Moros of liams, Mr. Mornay ·Williams, Delavan L.

the Sulu Archipelago, in an attempt to Pierson, and W. B. Millar of the Laymen's bring these people under the influence of Missionary Movement. The headquarters civilization. The ship is being equipped, of the Association are at 30 Pille Street, and will be maintained for five years. New York, and the Treasurer is Mr. Ed- For more than two hundred years the ward C. Delafield, of 46 Wall Street.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Leopold Cohn Exonerated were represented in this number, including A COMMITTEE was recently ap- 137 Chinese, 67 Japanese, and 65 Latin pointed at the request of the RE- Americans. Several announced their de- VIEW and of the Moody Bible Institute cision for the Christian life and were bapto investigate charges made against Rev. tized; in this group there was a nephew Leopold Cohn of the Williamsburg Mis- of a former premier in China and a prosion to Jews, Brooklyn, New York. For fessor of science from Japan. Many letters have been received from some years charges have been made per- delegates since the conferences, one of sistently against Mr. Cohn's claims to be them from an Armenian student: "I can an ex-Rabbi, against bis character and not think of a better way of acquainting financial methods. The committee con- the foreign student with the ideals of the sisted of Mr. Hugh R. Monro, vice-presi- American students than by giving him an dent of the Niagara Lithograph Co., and opportunity to attend the s.tudent Confe~­ treasurer of the National Bible Institute, ences; false ideas and notions formed m Mr. E. B. Buckelew, secretary of the Ex- the minds of the foreign student concerntension Department of the Moody Bible ing student life in this great country are Institute and Rev. John F. Carson, D.D., cleared and he is enabled to get a clear former moderator of the Presbyterian picture of all that is right and pure. If General Assembly. Mr. R. M. Hart, a there is anyone thing in the world that lawyer served as council for the Com- will help to increase the prestige of Amermittee.' The character and ability of ica in foreign countries, it is the foreign these men are sufficient to give authority student educated and cultivated in this to their verdict. After very thorough and country." painstaking investigation they found all of the charges "unproved"; they ex- Twenty Japanese delegates at Northpressed confidence in the Christian character of Mr. Cohn and highly commended fpieerldi~linNcaluvdyi,ntgherelparregseesnt tcaotimv~eesrcoifatlheinItemr– ests, the Imperial Pos~al SerVICe, and other the work of the mission and, in general, prominent interests, SIgned a statement exthe financial system in operation. The committee suggested some improvements pressing their deep appreci~tion o~ the in- vitation which had made It pOSSIble for in the methods and these are to be them to attend the conference, and conadopted by Mr. Cohn. The charges have evidently been due either to misunder- cluding with these words: "Be it further resolved, that the J apanstandings or to malice. It is earnestly ese students, having enjoyed themo~t helphoped that they will now be dropped and ful fellowship not only with theIr own that the work of Jewish evangelism will Japanese fellow-students, but with stube no longer hindered. "There has been dents of America and of other lands, and abundant testimony," says the report, caught the vision of larger things in life, by pastors, missionaries and other Chris- and seen the possibility of world brothertian workers of the highest character, hood, pledge to stand ready to coop~rate who have been in close association with fully with the members of the Co.mmlttee Mr. Cohn and his work for periods of on Friendly Relations among ForeIgn Stufrom five to twenty years, affirming in dents in furthering its cause and executstrongest terms his integrity and self- ing its program among all the Japanese sacrificing devotion to the cause of Jew- students in America." ish evangelism." Further inquiries may be made from Mr. Hugh R. Monro, 209 The Union Missionary School West 38th Street, New York. THE control of the Union Missionary Foreign Students at Conferences Training Institute, of 131 Waverly Avenue, Brooklyn, was taken over by the As guests of the Friendly Relations National Bible Institute, of 214 West Committee, 330 foreign students at- Thirty-fifth Street, Manhattan, at the an- tended summer conferences in the United nual meeting of. the corporation and the States this year. Over thirty nationalities Board of the Brooklyn institution.

Don O. Shelton, president of the Bible soldiers signed clean-living cards. Chris- Institute, was elected president in place of tian manhood was the foundation of the Rev. Dr. Jesse W. Brooks, resigned. appeal made publicly and in personal in- The Institute wiil become the Brooklyn terviews.

Department of the National Bible Insti- It is not often that a Bible class teacher tute, but will continue along the same lines is given three cheers as an expression of as in the past. It is expected that as a re- appreciation. In the Army Young Men's sult of the merger the number of pupils Christian Association building at Douglas, in the Waverly Avenue institution will Arizona, eight nationalities were repre- be increased. sented in a group led by the secretary as Several vacancies in the Board of the follows: Polish, Hebrew, Canadian, Ameri- Missionary Institute have been filled by the can, Italian, Irish, Scotch and English.

election of trustees of the National Bible It was after the class broke up that the Institute. Beside Mr. Shelton, the officers Hebrew representative proposed the three are: John M. Harris, vice-president; J 0- cheers for the leader, which were given seph A. Richards, secretary, and Hugh R. with enthusiasm.

Monro, treasurer.

The Experience of a Tither Gordon Bible College M R. H. Z. DUKE, a well-known Bap- tist layman of Dallas, Tex., is a firm T HE Gordon Missionary Institute in believer in tithing, and gives his own ex- Boston has entered a new period of perience as the ground of his. belief: development, with a new building, Frost Hall, and a new legal name, Gordon Bible "I went into a mercantile business, College. The entrance requirement is now known as j he 'five-and-ten-cent business,' college preparation or its equivalent, and in Bowie, Tex., in 1894, and in January the curriculum includes eighty courses re- following my pastor, Brother F. M. Mcquired for the varied needs of its stu- Connell, and I agreed to tithe for one year. dents, including thirty-two courses in the Before the year was out I said: 'This suits Bible in English and Greek, fourteen in !)le, and I will tithe, not for one year only, theology, psychology, ethics and apolo- but for life.' The business prospered from getics, fourteen in rhetoric, homiletics, the start, although begun in a small way. and literature, twelve in history of Chris- Having only about $700 capital, doing a tianity, missions and comparative religion, strictly cash business, both in buying and and eleven in pedagogy, phonetics, evan- seiling, of course our business was limited. gelism, sociology, hygiene, stenography Yet the first year our tenth was $110; the and expresskn. second year, $154; third, $360; fourth, $388; fifth, $330; sixth, $662; seventh, The School of Theology and the School $556; eighth, $150; ninth, $556 i tenth, of Missions both report strong work al- $1,040; eleventh, $650; twelfth, $1,223; ready accomplished and large plans for the thirteenth, $1,221; fourteenth, $1,143; fifcoming year.

teenth, $2,742. I have tried the Lord in Cheers at a Border Bible Class this business way, and I would no more REPORTS from secretaries of the Army quit tithing than I would quit providing Young Men's Christian Association, for my family."

in charge of Association activities in the military camps on the Mexican border, Help for German Missions T say that the opportunities for religious HE Lutheran pastors of several states have agreed to raIse money to conwork are almost without limit. There are men in the camps of all kinds and tinue the German Lutheran Missions in beliefs. They have considerable leisure, British India, which at present are de- but often do not know what to do with prived of all their missionaries. It is it and are glad to listen to anything which considered that $5,200 is necessary to keep will fill in their spare time. the work going financially-and plans are In thl' "Clean-Living Campaign," con- being made to secure this amount. There ducted by the Association, thousands of is also an appeal for volunteers who would

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

be willing to go to India as missionaries available plan, they conducted such a conto fill the vacancies. Heading this appeal ference September 16th to 23rd, at Stillis Dr. L. V. Wolf, Treasurer of the Mis- man Institute, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, where sion Committee of the General Synod in the dormitory and equipment were placed Baltimore. The Neuendettelsauer Mission at their disposal. in German New Guinea is cared for by the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Iowa The conrse provided by the conference and other states. Since the outbreak of included Bible teaching and talks on Christhe war this Mission has received from tian living, Christian homes, the relation- America $1,500. The Rhenish Mission in ship between the home and the school, the New Guinea has also received help from physical care of children, home making America.-Evangelisches Missions Maga- and community service. zin. AFRICA The Indians as Farmers Effects of War in East Africa T HE Indian Office has taken aggressive C ONSIDERABLE fighting has been steps toward the development of im- taking place between British and proved vocational training and has adopted German troops in German East Africa. plans which will accomplish the education Though news of it is very slow in coming, necessary to instil in the Indian youth the it is of interest to all friends of missions responsibilities of self-support and citi- because of its effect on the future of that zenship. Emphasis is being placed on region. The British are reported to have agriculture and domestic science. All In- taken several important points. dian schools and reservations are being required to utilize every acre of available The Rev. A. W. McGregor who, since farm land for the production of the things his return to East Africa, has been atthey consume. They are fast becoming tached to the East Africa Brigade as chapobject lessons of industry, economy, and lain, visited his old station at Taveta last self-support. Every effort is being put April, and describes the hills on which the forth to the end that the Indians shall no mission buildings were situated as honeylonger be altogether consumers but shall combed with trenches and bomb-proof become producers. The number of acres shelters. With respect to the converts he farmed by the Indians has been greatly in- says that Yohana Nene ( an African deacreased during the last year, more than con) and two evangelists who remained at three times the amount of seed having heen the station, had been imprisoned-Yohana distributed last spring than ever before. for refusing to give up his daughter to the There is now every indication that the In- German officer. Before the Germans redian will soon become a real farmer and tired from Taveta they sent the Christians successful stock raiser. The Indian Office at the station to Morogoro, and rumors has developed a new type of cotton of the are current from native sources that two long staple Egyptian variety which has of the workers just mentioned have been been given the name of "Pima," after the executed. name of the Indian reservation in Arizona on which it was produced. On May 26th a cable arrived in London stating that the native clergy and teachers Conference for Negro Women in the northern archdeaconry of the Zan- zibar diocese had been imprisoned by the T HE women of the Southern Presby- Germans, and twenty of them had died terian Church who have been espe- from hardships. The European missioncially interested in the problems of the aries interned by the Germans were all negro women, feel that the greatest diffi- well. culty is the lack of leaders among the women themselves. Work for Moslem Children in Cairo Believing that a summer conference or THE World's Sunday-school Associatraining-school for negro women would lition, of which Rev. and Mrs. Stephen do more to meet this need than any other Trowbridge are the representatives in Cairo, reports excellent progress among Moslem children in Cairo. Thousands of

parable stories in Arabic and of the lives persons to give up using European spirits of Livingstone and Hogg, eagerly read by entirely, and many native traders to with- Moslem children, are being distributed draw themselves from the traffic. We through the Sunday-school, and the Sun- ar) told that now very many interior naday-school attendance is doubling at many tives would not buy any class of gin in any points. Teacher-training books in Arabic of the markets where it had been before and pamphlets for workers are being the chief article of trade; and that this printed and distributed. The Sunday- measure of success has been sufficient to school committee is planning to issue a alarm several European traders and cause Boys' Own Magazine in Arabic to offset them to be very anxious for the future of the stories of crime and other demoraliz- the trade in this line." ing literature for boys which is being sold. Needs of Con~o Land Mr. Trowbridge says: "Last Sunday I visited a Sunday-school among the very T HOUGH the Congo River was discovpoorest of the Coptic and Moslem people ered seven. years before Columbus in the Boulac quarter of Cairo. The fifty reached America, it was not till after or more who gathered for the Sunday- Stanley's descent of it, in 1877, that Protschool were among the dirtiest people I estant Mission work began there. The have ever seen in my life. It made one's Gospel is now being preached in about heart yearn to help them. This Sunday- twenty-five languages. In many places school has .been open only four weeks. the principal evangelists are now Chris- There are three classes-for boys, girls tian natives. The five thousand churchand women. On Sunday morning I members of the English Baptist Missionpreached for the first time in Arabic at a ary Society subscribe $40,000 a year to church service following the Sunday-school the work, and provide 600 responsible in the Mahmasha district of Cairo. It was teacher-evangelists, besides other helpers. hard work for me, but I think the people Other societies have had similar success. understood. I am so glad to be able to But the call for missionaries is still urgent. express myself somewhat in Arabic, for it brings me so much closer to the people. The area of the Congo Basin is 150,000 All the Copts in Egypt use the Arabic square miles-more than twenty-five times language and are thus accessible with the as large as England. Its population is Sunday-school literature we are using." unknown, but certainly numbers many millions. There are numerous languages, An Elijah II. Movement in Nigeria still unwritten (perhaps a hundred or more). The only religion of the people A NATIVE teacher in the New Calabar is the degrading superstition of fetishism district, named Garrick Sekari Braid, They fancy that evil spirits or evil-discalls himself Elijah 11., the prophet spoken posed illen bring sickness and death, and of in Mal. 4: 5. everything else that is bad. Thousands of innocent men and women are killed Other subordinate teachers have risen on charges of witchcraft. The only prowho describe themselves as the "sons of tection of the people lies in charms. Their the prophet." They all speak as though poor religion has nothing to do with sm their utterances were really those of God and salvation, character and conduct; Himself, and Garrick is treated with the they have no hope of eternal life. utmost reverence by both chiefs and the common people. A New Race of Pigmies Faith healing is prominent in the move- A NEW race of pigmies has been disment, and as confession of sins is required covered in the central portion of the before healing, what is almost the confes- French Congo, according to The Scientific sional has been instituted. American. Members of this race never surpass four feet nine inches in height and There is, however, good in the move- are often smaller. They have vague noment. It leads the people to cultivate the tions of good and evil, and a certain cult of spirit of prayer. Bishop Johnson, writing the dead. They are said to be very valiin the Church Missionary Review, says: "It is inducing a very large number of

NEWS }'ROM MANY LANDS

art in the def<lnse of their liberty and in- school superintendents, leaders of young dependence. They live in huts of hemi- men's and young women's societies, and spherical shape, erected in the forests, the principal believers of the whole disfrom five to thirty of these buildings being trict. grouped together. "For these meetings many had tramped Forty Years in Livingstonia four, eight and ten miles, in order that they might meet the representatives of the FORTY years ago the Free Church of Christians of France-the first that most Scotland founded its mission in Ny- of them had seen, apart from their regular a~~aland, and called it Livingstonia. Rev. missionaries, and they said: 'Now we be- Donald Fraser, in a historical sketch re- lieve in the love of our fathers of France, cently published, emphasizes some of the and we have seen them through you. Tell changes which the years have brought. them that they must not abandon us, for The Arab slave-dealer has disappeared j we are still children.' Yes, perhaps, they the Ngoni have laid aside their raiding are children j but they are learning to habits and become peaceable taxpayers and walk in a very encouraging way. Not laborers. A telegraph line runs through only do they build their own meeting the country, bringing its scattered popu- places and schools, supporting also their lation within a few hours' reach of Lon- own native pastors, but several catechists don. A regular mail service calls every and evangelists are paid by funds raised week at the Chinde mouth of the Zam- among the natives. They are well on the besi. way to becoming a self-supporting and properly organized church." When the missionaries came to Nyassa, they found a people without an industry, OBITUARY NOTES whose wealth was mainly got by plunder or by selling one another. There was no Dr. Underwood, of Korea literature, no written language. Ancestral spirits were scrupulously worshiped, and A VERY great loss to the Christian witch doctors controlled and interpreted Church and an irreparable loss to the spirit world. Hideously cruel customs Korea comes in the death of Rev. Horace throttled the people. To-day scores of Grant Underwood, D.D., LL.D., of Seoul, thousands of men are engaged in remun- Korea. Dr. Underwood was born in Engerative labor. land fifty-eight years ago and came to America in his boyhood. He was gradu- Eight languages have been reduced to ated from Rutgers College and from New writing, and there are now 850 schools in York University and went out to Korea the Livingstonia Mission alone, with 51,- as a pioneer missionary of the Presby- 000 pupils. Few villages are now without terian Church in 1884. Dr. Underwood the opportunity of an education. was a brother of John T. Underwood of the Underwood Typewriter Company, and The Christians of Madagascar was president of Union College in Seoul. He was for four years administrator of REV. DANIEL COUVE, one of the di- the Arthur T. -Pierson Memorial Bible rectors of the Paris Missionary So- School in Seoul-a union training insticiety, who recently made a journey to tution for Christian workers. Dr. Under- Madagascar, describes his visit to the dis- wood died in Atlantic City, N. J., on trict of Vonizongo, which was the scene of October 12th, after a lingering illness, many martyrdoms at the time of the great and is survived by his wife, who was Miss persecutions under the cruel queen Rana- Lilas Horton of Chicago, and by two valona: sisters. A fuller notice will appear later.

tiNow this great district comprises sev- Dr. Marcellus Bowen of Turkey enty churches, divided into twelve groups, each group being in charge of an evan- DR. MARCELLUS BOWEN, repregelist. Representatives of these seventy sentative of the American Bible Sochurrhes were convened in four large ciety in Constantinople since 1888, died gatherings, and by this means I met all the October 3rd in Geneva, Switzerland, in evangelists, pastors, preachers, Sunday- his seventy-second year. Dr. Bowen was

a princely man of unusual ability, and and most effective service in the Madura his advice was sought by many American Mission, his influence not only dominating Ambassadors on account of his knowledge that mission, but being felt in all the mis- of the Turks, Bulgarians, Greeks, Egyp- sionary movement in India. He was at tians, and Sudanese. He was born in various times located in several stations, Marion, Ohio, in 1844, and was graduated but his last and distinctive work, that from Yale University in 1866. Six years which rccupied him for more than a score later Dr. Bowen was graduated from the of years, was as principal of the Theo- Union Theological Seminary, and was or- logical Seminary in Pasumalai. This indained into the Presbyterian ministry. stitution he made one of the strong forces During 1872-74 he was a pastor in Spring- of the Mission, securing the funds, and field, N. J., and then went to Smyrna as supervising the erectiolr of a fine building a missionary, remaining there for ten which is now its quarters. years. On his return to America he becaine principal of a private school for In addition to his teaching work, Dr. boys in Hartford, Conn., but in 1888 he J ones was indefatigable in literary labors, was sent to Constantinople as agent of thtl being editor of the United Church Herald, American Bible Society. In his nearly and in 1912 editor of the India Mission twenty years of service there, Dr. Bowen Year Book, a most valuable compendium became greatly beloved by his fellow mis- of missionary activities throughout India. sionaries and was an honored counselor in the missionary circle. His work foJ' He was compelled by ill health to re~ the Bible Society was manifold, including turn to America in 1914, and he then the supervision of translation work; the accepted a professorship in the Kennedy printing at Constantinople in six or seven School of Missions, Hartford, Connectilanguages and at Beirut in two or three; cut, where he was able to render distinthe circulation of Scriptures in thirty- guished service to the missionary cause. three languages, including the Armenian, Greek, Slavic and Hebrew groups, and Rev. Wilbur C. Swearer of Korea Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Syriac, Albanian, Roumanian etc.-averaging in re- ONE of the recent losses to the missioncent years.over one hundred thousand ary forces in Korea comes with the volumes a year. death of the Rev. Wilbur C. Swearer, a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal During the present war the difficulty of Church, who died at Adams, N. Y., on Sepreaching his entire field from Constantin- tember 11th. Dr. Swearer was for a time ople led Dr. Bowen to transfer temporar- a member of the Board of Trustees of the ily his headquarters to Geneva, where he Pierson Memorial Bible School in Seoul. died. W. Sjoeholm of Sweden Rev. J. P. Jones of India T HE death of Mr. W. Sjoeholm, sec~ REV. JOHN PETER JONES, D.D., retary of the Swedish Missionary So- for many years one of the most able ciety, has been a great loss not only to missionaries of the American Board in his own society, but to the entire mission India, died in Hartford, Conn., on October work of Sweden. He was secretary of the 3rd. Dr. Jones was a Welchman, but Executive Committee of the General came to America at an early age and was Swedish Mission Conference. Secretary educated at Western Reserve College Sjoeholm entered the Missionary Insti- (1875), and at Andover Theological Sem- tute of the Swedish Mission Society in inary (1878). He was ordained and 1886. In 1889 he arrived at his field of married at Hudson, Ohio, and with his labor in the Congo, where he remained wife sailed in 1878 for his field in South until 1903. In 1904, at the General Con- India. For 36 years he rendered a varied ference, he was chosen secretary of the Society, where he was used of God greatly until he passed to be with his Lord.

MKSSKONAJRY IJ1BlRARY

The Disintegration of Islam. By Rev. The Christian Movement in the Japanese Samuel W. Zwemer, D.D., F.R.G.S. EInpire. 1916. Edited by Dr. J. L. lliustrated, 8vo. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Dearing. 8vo. 556 pp. $2.00, net. The Revell Co., New York, 1916. Conference of Federated Missions, Japan. For sale by The Missionary Education It has taken Dr. Zwemer nearly thirty Movement, New York, 1916. years of constant study, wide travel, personal experience, and Christlike devotion One must examine carefully this mine and sacrifice to make him the authority of information on Japan in order to unthat he is to-day on all things Moslem. derstand the magnitude of the missionary His books and addresses have spread in- work in Japan, Korea and Formosa. The formation and interest in Mohammedan- general survey describes the events of the ism allover the world. year and is followed by an account of the federated movements and the denomina- This latest book from Dr. Zwemer shows tional and other Christian activities. The conclusively that Islam is dying and re- evangelistic campaign has been fruitful. veals the causes. The lectures reveal the The one thousand meetings reported an author's fiery zeal and keen insight; they attendance of nearly 200,000 hearers and are entertaining reading though they deal over 9,000 inquirers. The story of the with superstition, fatalism, sin and dis- moral and religious conditions in Japan integration. Even the efforts to rejuvenate show that gambling, concubinage, drink- Islam have failed. One of the most il- ing and licentiousness are exceedingly luminating chapters is that on the present prevalent. From some districts the reday attitude of Moslems toward Christ. ports came, "No prostitutes but almost all adults licentious." This acknowledged Old Spain and New America. By Robert condition alone is sufficient to prove the McLean and Grace P. Williams. Illus· need of Christian missions. There are trated, 12mo., 161 pp. The Association both lights and shadows in this informing Press, New York, 1916. volume.

Spanish Americans in the United States The China Mission Year Book. 1916. are almost as unknown to the majority of Edited by the China Continuation Comthe population as are the people of Latin- mittee. 8vo., 554 pp. $2.00. Christian American lands. They are introduced in Literature SOCiety for China, Shanghai, this text-book of the Council of Women 1916. for Home Missions. If any doubt that Mexicans in .the United States, Cuba and This handbook, indispensable for all in- Porto Rico need evangelical Christian terested in China, is the seventh annual teaching they will be convinced by these volume, but the first edited by the China graphic glimpses of the intellectual, social Continuation Committee. There are eighty and religious conditions among them. contributors to the various sections. Dr. Many will be astonished to learn of the Arthur H. Smith, the well-known writer work of the Protestant churches along in China, describes the past two decades of evangelistic, educational, medical and so- missions, politics and social developments cial lines. These foreign missions on in China. Mr. F. L. Platt tells of the Home Mission territory present charac- constitutional developments and Consul teristics of both types of work. The his- Julean Arnold reports encouragingly on tory of the Spaniards in America is fas- economic and commercial conditions. The cinating and mission work among them section on evangelism is especially interabounds in heroic sacrifice and encourag- esting as it reports actual experiences and ing achievement. results during the year. The missionary directory is omitted.

}'or any who seek reliable up-to-date Men and World Service. Report of th{' knowledge of China and Chinese missions National Missionary Congress, Washing· this volume is tbe storehouse whence they ton, D. C. 8vo., 350 pp. $1.50. Lay· may draw. mens' Missionary Movement, New York, 1916. The Apostles of India. By J. N. Ogilvie. 12mo, 447 pp. 6s., net. Hodder and A world of inspiration and information Stoughton, London, George H. Doran, lies bound up in these reports and ad- New .York, 1916. dresses. The ablest speeches and most ac- tiv3 lay workers in America contributed These Baird Lectures were delivered to make the Congress an epoch-making last year by the honorary Fellow of the gathering of a thousand men. Every pas- University of Madras, India, now minis- tor, especially those who could not go to ter of New Grey Friars Parish, Edin- the Congress, would do well to see that burgh. They are exceedingly well written this report brings the Congress to them. biographical sketches of the founders of the Christian Church in India – St. The Why and How of Missions in the Tho mas, Pantaenus of Alexandria, Sunday-School. By William Brown. Francis Xavier, Aleixo de Menezes, Robert 12mo., 126 pp. 50 cents net. Fleming de Nobili, and the better known Protestant H. Revell 00., 1916. pioneers, Ziegenbalg, Schwartz, Carey, Martyn and Duff. Live Sunday-school workers are coming more 'and more to realize that the teachers Dr. Ogilvie has consulted Roman Catho- and superintendents who fail to give their lic as well as Protestant authors, and his pupils a vital interest in God's program accounts of the work of representatives of for the world are dead. Mr. Brown, the the papacy contain many interesting facts. International Sunday-school Missionary Francis Xavier, for instance, reports in superintendent is a practical and stimuhis letters the methods which he followed lating speaker and writer. He tells why in gaining converts. He memorized the and how Sunday-school workers should Creed, Lord's Prayer, the Ave Maria and enlist their pupils in missionary work in Ten Commandments in Tamil and then a way that will thrill and uplift them. required the people who attended his Some valuable hints are given on missionmeetings to learn them. When this was ary programs and libraries. done and they assented to the creed, Xavier baptized them in large multitudes. Sunday·School Missionary Incidents and Exercises. By John W. Somerdike. All the biographical sketches are valu- 12mo., 105 pp., paper. 25 cents. Presby· able studies in missionary character and terian Board of Publications, Phila· method. delphia, 1916.

The Black Prophet. By Guy F. Phelps. An excellent little handbook for the use 8vo., 360 pp. $1.35 net. The Standard of teachers and speakers to children. It Press, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1916. has ideas for graded studies, a number of stories and five fifteen-minute programs. This well told and interesting story is as polemic against the practises of the A Challenge to Life-Service. By Frederick Rom a n Catholic Church – especially M. Harris and Joseph O. Robbins. 16mo., against the confessional and the calebate 152 pp. 50 cents. National Board of priesthood. The facts and arguments are the Y. W. O. A., New York, 1916. woven into a love story and reveal in powerful word pictures the evils that so often, Young men and young women still unif not always, accompany the giving of settled as to their Ilfe work will find defauthority to grant absolution and hear inite guidance in this statement of princiconfessions by men subject themselves to ples and challenge to unselfish service. temptations and sin. It is a book to open The world never called so loudly as now the eyes of those who have not understood for men and ':Vornen who will give themthe evils too frequently found in the selves to Christlike work. These practical Roman Catholic church in all lands. Bible studies are arranged, with daily Bible readings, to cover, twelve weeks. The thought questions are such as will pro- voke helpful discussion.